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How To Choose Your Research Methodology
By: Derek Jansen (MBA). Expert Reviewed By: Dr Eunice Rautenbach | June 2021
Overview: Choosing Your Methodology
Understanding the options – Qualitative research – Quantitative research – Mixed methods-based research
Choosing a research methodology – Nature of the research – Research area norms – Practicalities
1. Understanding the options
Before we jump into the question of how to choose a research methodology, it’s useful to take a step back to understand the three overarching types of research – qualitative , quantitative and mixed methods -based research. Each of these options takes a different methodological approach.
Qualitative research utilises data that is not numbers-based. In other words, qualitative research focuses on words , descriptions , concepts or ideas – while quantitative research makes use of numbers and statistics. Qualitative research investigates the “softer side” of things to explore and describe, while quantitative research focuses on the “hard numbers”, to measure differences between variables and the relationships between them.
Importantly, qualitative research methods are typically used to explore and gain a deeper understanding of the complexity of a situation – to draw a rich picture . In contrast to this, quantitative methods are usually used to confirm or test hypotheses . In other words, they have distinctly different purposes. The table below highlights a few of the key differences between qualitative and quantitative research – you can learn more about the differences here.
- Uses an inductive approach
- Is used to build theories
- Takes a subjective approach
- Adopts an open and flexible approach
- The researcher is close to the respondents
- Interviews and focus groups are oftentimes used to collect word-based data.
- Generally, draws on small sample sizes
- Uses qualitative data analysis techniques (e.g. content analysis , thematic analysis , etc)
- Uses a deductive approach
- Is used to test theories
- Takes an objective approach
- Adopts a closed, highly planned approach
- The research is disconnected from respondents
- Surveys or laboratory equipment are often used to collect number-based data.
- Generally, requires large sample sizes
- Uses statistical analysis techniques to make sense of the data
Mixed methods -based research, as you’d expect, attempts to bring these two types of research together, drawing on both qualitative and quantitative data. Quite often, mixed methods-based studies will use qualitative research to explore a situation and develop a potential model of understanding (this is called a conceptual framework), and then go on to use quantitative methods to test that model empirically.
In other words, while qualitative and quantitative methods (and the philosophies that underpin them) are completely different, they are not at odds with each other. It’s not a competition of qualitative vs quantitative. On the contrary, they can be used together to develop a high-quality piece of research. Of course, this is easier said than done, so we usually recommend that first-time researchers stick to a single approach , unless the nature of their study truly warrants a mixed-methods approach.
The key takeaway here, and the reason we started by looking at the three options, is that it’s important to understand that each methodological approach has a different purpose – for example, to explore and understand situations (qualitative), to test and measure (quantitative) or to do both. They’re not simply alternative tools for the same job.
Right – now that we’ve got that out of the way, let’s look at how you can go about choosing the right methodology for your research.
2. How to choose a research methodology
To choose the right research methodology for your dissertation or thesis, you need to consider three important factors . Based on these three factors, you can decide on your overarching approach – qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods. Once you’ve made that decision, you can flesh out the finer details of your methodology, such as the sampling , data collection methods and analysis techniques (we discuss these separately in other posts ).
The three factors you need to consider are:
- The nature of your research aims, objectives and research questions
- The methodological approaches taken in the existing literature
- Practicalities and constraints
Let’s take a look at each of these.
Factor #1: The nature of your research
As I mentioned earlier, each type of research (and therefore, research methodology), whether qualitative, quantitative or mixed, has a different purpose and helps solve a different type of question. So, it’s logical that the key deciding factor in terms of which research methodology you adopt is the nature of your research aims, objectives and research questions .
But, what types of research exist?
Broadly speaking, research can fall into one of three categories:
- Exploratory – getting a better understanding of an issue and potentially developing a theory regarding it
- Confirmatory – confirming a potential theory or hypothesis by testing it empirically
- A mix of both – building a potential theory or hypothesis and then testing it
As a rule of thumb, exploratory research tends to adopt a qualitative approach , whereas confirmatory research tends to use quantitative methods . This isn’t set in stone, but it’s a very useful heuristic. Naturally then, research that combines a mix of both, or is seeking to develop a theory from the ground up and then test that theory, would utilize a mixed-methods approach.
Let’s look at an example in action.
If your research aims were to understand the perspectives of war veterans regarding certain political matters, you’d likely adopt a qualitative methodology, making use of interviews to collect data and one or more qualitative data analysis methods to make sense of the data.
If, on the other hand, your research aims involved testing a set of hypotheses regarding the link between political leaning and income levels, you’d likely adopt a quantitative methodology, using numbers-based data from a survey to measure the links between variables and/or constructs .
So, the first (and most important thing) thing you need to consider when deciding which methodological approach to use for your research project is the nature of your research aims , objectives and research questions. Specifically, you need to assess whether your research leans in an exploratory or confirmatory direction or involves a mix of both.
The importance of achieving solid alignment between these three factors and your methodology can’t be overstated. If they’re misaligned, you’re going to be forcing a square peg into a round hole. In other words, you’ll be using the wrong tool for the job, and your research will become a disjointed mess.
If your research is a mix of both exploratory and confirmatory, but you have a tight word count limit, you may need to consider trimming down the scope a little and focusing on one or the other. One methodology executed well has a far better chance of earning marks than a poorly executed mixed methods approach. So, don’t try to be a hero, unless there is a very strong underpinning logic.
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Factor #2: The disciplinary norms
Choosing the right methodology for your research also involves looking at the approaches used by other researchers in the field, and studies with similar research aims and objectives to yours. Oftentimes, within a discipline, there is a common methodological approach (or set of approaches) used in studies. While this doesn’t mean you should follow the herd “just because”, you should at least consider these approaches and evaluate their merit within your context.
A major benefit of reviewing the research methodologies used by similar studies in your field is that you can often piggyback on the data collection techniques that other (more experienced) researchers have developed. For example, if you’re undertaking a quantitative study, you can often find tried and tested survey scales with high Cronbach’s alphas. These are usually included in the appendices of journal articles, so you don’t even have to contact the original authors. By using these, you’ll save a lot of time and ensure that your study stands on the proverbial “shoulders of giants” by using high-quality measurement instruments .
Of course, when reviewing existing literature, keep point #1 front of mind. In other words, your methodology needs to align with your research aims, objectives and questions. Don’t fall into the trap of adopting the methodological “norm” of other studies just because it’s popular. Only adopt that which is relevant to your research.
Factor #3: Practicalities
When choosing a research methodology, there will always be a tension between doing what’s theoretically best (i.e., the most scientifically rigorous research design ) and doing what’s practical , given your constraints . This is the nature of doing research and there are always trade-offs, as with anything else.
But what constraints, you ask?
When you’re evaluating your methodological options, you need to consider the following constraints:
- Data access
- Equipment and software
- Your knowledge and skills
Let’s look at each of these.
Constraint #1: Data access
The first practical constraint you need to consider is your access to data . If you’re going to be undertaking primary research , you need to think critically about the sample of respondents you realistically have access to. For example, if you plan to use in-person interviews , you need to ask yourself how many people you’ll need to interview, whether they’ll be agreeable to being interviewed, where they’re located, and so on.
If you’re wanting to undertake a quantitative approach using surveys to collect data, you’ll need to consider how many responses you’ll require to achieve statistically significant results. For many statistical tests, a sample of a few hundred respondents is typically needed to develop convincing conclusions.
So, think carefully about what data you’ll need access to, how much data you’ll need and how you’ll collect it. The last thing you want is to spend a huge amount of time on your research only to find that you can’t get access to the required data.
Constraint #2: Time
The next constraint is time. If you’re undertaking research as part of a PhD, you may have a fairly open-ended time limit, but this is unlikely to be the case for undergrad and Masters-level projects. So, pay attention to your timeline, as the data collection and analysis components of different methodologies have a major impact on time requirements . Also, keep in mind that these stages of the research often take a lot longer than originally anticipated.
Another practical implication of time limits is that it will directly impact which time horizon you can use – i.e. longitudinal vs cross-sectional . For example, if you’ve got a 6-month limit for your entire research project, it’s quite unlikely that you’ll be able to adopt a longitudinal time horizon.
Constraint #3: Money
As with so many things, money is another important constraint you’ll need to consider when deciding on your research methodology. While some research designs will cost near zero to execute, others may require a substantial budget .
Some of the costs that may arise include:
- Software costs – e.g. survey hosting services, analysis software, etc.
- Promotion costs – e.g. advertising a survey to attract respondents
- Incentive costs – e.g. providing a prize or cash payment incentive to attract respondents
- Equipment rental costs – e.g. recording equipment, lab equipment, etc.
- Travel costs
- Food & beverages
These are just a handful of costs that can creep into your research budget. Like most projects, the actual costs tend to be higher than the estimates, so be sure to err on the conservative side and expect the unexpected. It’s critically important that you’re honest with yourself about these costs, or you could end up getting stuck midway through your project because you’ve run out of money.
Constraint #4: Equipment & software
Another practical consideration is the hardware and/or software you’ll need in order to undertake your research. Of course, this variable will depend on the type of data you’re collecting and analysing. For example, you may need lab equipment to analyse substances, or you may need specific analysis software to analyse statistical data. So, be sure to think about what hardware and/or software you’ll need for each potential methodological approach, and whether you have access to these.
Constraint #5: Your knowledge and skillset
The final practical constraint is a big one. Naturally, the research process involves a lot of learning and development along the way, so you will accrue knowledge and skills as you progress. However, when considering your methodological options, you should still consider your current position on the ladder.
Some of the questions you should ask yourself are:
- Am I more of a “numbers person” or a “words person”?
- How much do I know about the analysis methods I’ll potentially use (e.g. statistical analysis)?
- How much do I know about the software and/or hardware that I’ll potentially use?
- How excited am I to learn new research skills and gain new knowledge?
- How much time do I have to learn the things I need to learn?
Answering these questions honestly will provide you with another set of criteria against which you can evaluate the research methodology options you’ve shortlisted.
So, as you can see, there is a wide range of practicalities and constraints that you need to take into account when you’re deciding on a research methodology. These practicalities create a tension between the “ideal” methodology and the methodology that you can realistically pull off. This is perfectly normal, and it’s your job to find the option that presents the best set of trade-offs.
Recap: Choosing a methodology
In this post, we’ve discussed how to go about choosing a research methodology. The three major deciding factors we looked at were:
- Exploratory
- Confirmatory
- Combination
- Research area norms
- Hardware and software
- Your knowledge and skillset
If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below. If you’d like a helping hand with your research methodology, check out our 1-on-1 research coaching service , or book a free consultation with a friendly Grad Coach.
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11 Comments
Very useful and informative especially for beginners
Nice article! I’m a beginner in the field of cybersecurity research. I am a Telecom and Network Engineer and Also aiming for PhD scholarship.
I find the article very informative especially for my decitation it has been helpful and an eye opener.
Hi I am Anna ,
I am a PHD candidate in the area of cyber security, maybe we can link up
The Examples shows by you, for sure they are really direct me and others to knows and practices the Research Design and prepration.
I found the post very informative and practical.
I struggle so much with designs of the research for sure!
I’m the process of constructing my research design and I want to know if the data analysis I plan to present in my thesis defense proposal possibly change especially after I gathered the data already.
Thank you so much this site is such a life saver. How I wish 1-1 coaching is available in our country but sadly it’s not.
Thank you very much for this inspiring and eye-opening post. I have a model for research methodology–CEC = Confirmatory, Explanatory, and Combination. Please, I am working on a research topic, “Impact of PhET Simulations on the Performance and Interest of Junior Secondary School in Elementary Algebra: A case study of XYZ School.” Please, I have decided to use a Quasi-Experimental Design and hoping to use mixed method for data analysis. Is this a correct decision.
I want to sincerely thank you for the invaluable guidance you provided in helping me choose the right research method. Your insights made a significant difference in my understanding and confidence moving forward. I truly appreciate your support!
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Topic selection & proposal development, enquire now, software implementation using matlab, questionnaire designing & data analysis, chapters writing & journal papers, 5 different types of research methodology for 2024.
Research Methodology refers to the systematic process used to conduct and analyze research. It involves a set of procedures and techniques employed to gather, organize, and interpret data. Various types of research methodology , such as qualitative and quantitative methods, form the foundation for investigating and understanding diverse phenomena.
Diverse research methodology provide a spectrum of advantages in scientific exploration. Qualitative methodologies, such as interviews and observations, delve deep into understanding human behavior and motivations. Quantitative approaches, like surveys and experiments, offer precise numerical data for statistical analysis. Mixed-methods enable a comprehensive view by merging qualitative and quantitative strengths. Experimental methods establish cause-and-effect relationships, while case studies offer in-depth insights into specific instances. Each methodology caters to different research needs, fostering a nuanced understanding of complex phenomena and contributing to the richness and depth of scholarly inquiry.
This blog is your guide to the Top 5 types of research methods that haven’t been fully tapped into yet. We’re talking about different ways to do research, the kind that hasn’t been widely used or discovered. It’s crucial to stay on top of these categories of research methodology because as the world moves forward, so does the way we study and understand things. So, we’ll be checking out the latest and coolest Research methodology types , from new technologies to fresh ways of combining different fields of study.
Different types of methodology in research
Research methodology encompasses a variety of approaches and techniques to gather and analyze data. Here are some Different types of methodology in research:
Qualitative Methodology:
In-depth exploration of attitudes, behaviors, and motivations.
Utilizes methods like interviews, focus groups, and content analysis.
Quantitative Methodology:
Focuses on numerical data and statistical analysis.
Involves surveys, experiments, and structured observations.
Mixed-Methods Approach:
Integrates both qualitative and quantitative methods.
Offers a thorough comprehension of the research problem.
Experimental Research:
Investigates cause-and-effect relationships.
Involves controlled experiments with manipulated variables.
Survey Research:
Gathers data from a selected group through structured questionnaires.
Examines trends, attitudes, and opinions.
Case Study Methodology:
In-depth analysis of a specific instance or case.
Offers detailed insights into complex phenomena.
Action Research:
Involves collaboration between researchers and practitioners.
Aims to solve real-world problems through iterative cycles of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting.
Ethnographic Research:
Immersive study of a specific group or culture.
Requires prolonged engagement and participant observation.
Methodology 1: Neurobiological Methodology
Neurobiological Methodology stands at the forefront of methodology in research paper, bridging the realms of neuroscience and traditional research methodologies. This is one of the Research methodology types which aims to unravel the intricacies of human cognition and behavior by integrating cutting-edge brain imaging techniques with established research methods.
Key Components:
Neuroimaging Technologies: Utilizes advanced technologies such as fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and EEG (Electroencephalography) for all the research methodologies including exploratory research in research methodology. Enables real-time monitoring of brain activity, offering insights into cognitive processes during various tasks.
Biometric Data Integration: Incorporates biometric data, including heart rate variability and skin conductance, to supplement neurobiological findings. Provides a comprehensive understanding of emotional responses and physiological changes related to cognitive activities.
Experimental Designs with Neural Correlates: Designs experiments that correlate specific neural activities with behavioral responses. Allows researchers to identify neural markers associated with decision-making, memory, and learning.
Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration: Encourages collaboration between neuroscientists and researchers from diverse fields. Integrates expertise from psychology, sociology, and other disciplines to ensure a holistic approach.
Applications: Neurobiological Methodology, which is a descriptive methodology in research, holds immense potential across various research domains:
In Psychology: Unraveling the neural basis of psychological disorders, emotions, and cognitive functions.
In Marketing: Understanding consumer behavior by examining the neural responses to advertisements and product choices.
In Education: Enhancing learning methodologies by identifying neural patterns associated with effective teaching strategies.
Challenges and Future Directions: Despite its promises, Neurobiological Methodology faces challenges such as data complexity and ethical considerations. Future research should focus on refining methodologies, establishing ethical guidelines, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration to unlock the full potential of this unexplored approach. Neurobiological Methodology emerges as a groundbreaking frontier, offering a novel lens through which researchers can delve into the intricacies of human cognition and behavior. As one of the different types of methodology in research, it holds the potential to reshape our understanding of the mind and pave the way for innovative solutions across diverse fields.
Methodology 2: Augmented Reality (AR) Research Methodology
Augmented Reality (AR) Research Methodology marks an unexplored frontier, intertwining cutting-edge AR technologies with traditional research methods. This is one of the types of methodology in research which seeks to create immersive environments for data collection, offering a unique perspective on human behavior and decision-making.
Constructs simulated environments using AR technology to observe and analyze real-time human behavior.
Enables researchers to study reactions and interactions in controlled yet dynamic settings.
Integrates AR-generated data collection points within physical spaces.
Facilitates the gathering of diverse data sets by embedding virtual elements in real-world contexts.
Utilizes AR interfaces to track user interactions and responses.
Enhances the understanding of user engagement and decision-making processes within augmented scenarios.
Combines AR experiences with traditional research methods such as exploratory research in research methodology for a comprehensive approach.
Allows researchers to triangulate findings by comparing results obtained from both virtual and non-virtual settings.
Applications: AR Research Methodology, which is also a descriptive methodology in research, holds promise across various research domains:
Simulating scenarios to observe human responses to environmental changes in descriptive qualitative research methodology.
Analyzing consumer behavior within augmented retail environments for product placement and advertising strategies.
Creating interactive learning experiences to study the impact of AR on knowledge retention.
Challenges and Future Directions: Challenges such as technological constraints and the need for standardized protocols highlight the evolving nature of this Research methodology types. Future endeavors should focus on refining AR applications, establishing ethical guidelines, and exploring collaborative opportunities with AR developers. Augmented Reality Research Methodology stands as an exciting avenue among the types of methodology in research, offering a transformative approach to understanding human behavior within virtual and augmented spaces. As technology continues to advance, this methodology holds the potential to redefine the landscape of research methodologies across diverse disciplines.
Methodology 3: Predictive Analytics in Social Sciences
Predictive Analytics in Social Sciences emerges as a groundbreaking methodology in research papers, introducing advanced statistical models and machine learning algorithms to forecast social trends and behaviors. This type of exploratory research methodologies harnesses the power of predictive analytics to offer a new dimension to traditional categories of research methodology.
Advanced Statistical Models:
Applies sophisticated statistical models, including regression analysis and time-series forecasting.
Enables researchers to identify patterns and relationships within social data.
Machine Learning Algorithms:
Integrates machine learning algorithms to predict future outcomes based on historical data.
Provides a dynamic and adaptive approach to understanding social phenomena in descriptive qualitative research methodology.
Big Data Utilization:
Harnesses large datasets from diverse sources, including social media, surveys, and public records.
Facilitates the identification of trends and correlations within complex social systems.
Real-Time Analysis:
Conducts real-time analysis of social data to generate instant predictions.
Allows for timely interventions and policy adjustments based on emerging social patterns.
Applications: Predictive Analytics in Social Sciences holds immense potential across various applications:
In Sociology: Forecasting demographic shifts, social movements, and cultural trends.
In Public Policy: Informing policy decisions by predicting the potential impact of interventions.
In Market Research: Anticipating consumer behavior and market trends for strategic planning.
Challenges and Future Directions: Despite its promises, integrating predictive analytics into social sciences faces challenges such as data privacy concerns and model interpretability, which is a type of exploratory research methodologies. Future research should focus on refining models, addressing ethical considerations, and enhancing the transparency of predictive analytics methodologies.
Predictive Analytics in Social Sciences stands as a dynamic methodology, extending beyond basic research methodology to offer foresight into the complex dynamics of human societies. As we embrace the era of big data, this approach holds the potential to revolutionize how we understand and respond to social changes in real time.
Methodology 4: Quantum Research Methodology
Quantum Research Methodology represents a paradigm shift, bridging the world of quantum physics with a basic research methodology. This unexplored approach challenges the traditional classification of research methodology by harnessing the principles of quantum mechanics for data analysis.
Quantum Computing for Data Processing: Utilizes quantum computing’s parallel processing capabilities for handling complex datasets. Offers a quantum leap in computational efficiency, enabling the analysis of vast amounts of information.
Quantum Entanglement in Data Relationships: Applies the concept of quantum entanglement to identify interconnected relationships within datasets. Provides a unique perspective on the interdependence of variables in comprehensive research methodology.
Superposition for Multifaceted Analysis: Exploits quantum superposition to analyze data simultaneously from multiple perspectives. Enhances researchers’ ability to examine complex phenomena from various angles.
Quantum Algorithms for Pattern Recognition: Develops quantum algorithms for advanced pattern recognition within datasets. Enables the identification of subtle patterns that may go unnoticed with classical algorithms.
Applications: Quantum Research Methodology holds potential classification of research methodology across diverse fields:
Exploring quantum phenomena and complex physical systems with enhanced computational power.
Analyzing intricate biological datasets to uncover hidden relationships and patterns.
Enhancing predictive modeling and risk analysis with quantum algorithms.
Challenges and Future Directions: The integration of quantum principles into research methodologies presents challenges such as the need for quantum expertise and the development of quantum-safe data encryption. Future research should focus on refining quantum algorithms, expanding interdisciplinary collaborations, and addressing ethical considerations. Quantum Research Methodology offers a novel and comprehensive approach that transcends traditional classifications of research methodology. As quantum technologies continue to advance, this unexplored frontier holds the promise of revolutionizing how we conduct research, analyze data, and gain insights into the underlying structures of complex systems.
Methodology 5: Bibliometric Research Methodology
Bibliometric research methodology is a quantitative approach that analyzes patterns and trends within academic literature, utilizing bibliographic data to gain insights into the scholarly landscape in the comprehensive research methodology.
Citation Analysis:
Examines the frequency and impact of citations to understand the influence of a publication.
Identifies seminal works and measures the academic impact of research.
Co-authorship Networks:
Maps collaborations among researchers through analysis of co-authored publications.
Unveils research communities and the dynamics of collaborative efforts.
Journal Impact Factors:
Evaluates the prestige and impact of academic journals based on citation patterns.
Assists researchers in identifying reputable outlets for publication.
Keyword Co-occurrence:
Identifies prevalent themes and topics within a field by analyzing the co-occurrence of keywords.
Facilitates trend analysis and the identification of emerging research areas.
Applications:
Research Evaluation:
Assessing the impact and productivity of researchers, institutions, or journals.
Informing funding agencies and policymakers in decision-making processes.
Trend Analysis:
Identifying emerging topics and research directions within a discipline.
Assisting researchers in staying abreast of the latest developments.
Collaboration Mapping:
Facilitating the identification of potential collaborators and research networks.
Enhancing interdisciplinary research initiatives.
Challenges:
Data Quality and Availability:
Limited availability and consistency of bibliographic data.
Challenges in obtaining accurate and comprehensive citation information.
Discipline-specific Differences:
Variability in citation practices across disciplines.
Difficulty in creating standardized metrics applicable to all fields.
Self-citation Bias:
Influence of self-citations on impact metrics.
Requires careful consideration to avoid skewing results.
Future Directions:
Integration with Altmetrics:
Incorporating alternative metrics like social media mentions to provide a more comprehensive assessment of research impact.
Open Science Initiatives:
Embracing open access principles to enhance data sharing and transparency.
Facilitating broader collaboration and increasing the accessibility of research outputs.
Machine Learning Applications:
Implementing machine learning algorithms for more sophisticated analysis.
Enhancing the automation of bibliometric processes and improving accuracy.
Final Thoughts
In wrapping up our exploration of the top 5 unexplored types of research methodology for 2024, it’s like we’ve discovered a treasure chest of new ideas. These methods are like a breath of fresh air in the world of research. From understanding how our brains work to creating virtual worlds with Augmented Reality, and predicting social trends, we’re on the brink of something big.
Quantum research and Blockchain verification bring a touch of magic, making our data analysis smarter and more secure. These aren’t just fancy trends; they’re like keys to unlock a whole new era of learning. So, in 2024, researchers, buckle up and dive into these research methodology – the journey promises to be full of surprises, discoveries, and a whole lot of new knowledge!
Educba is a website that provides researchers with a comprehensive guide to different types of research methodologies. The website offers a wide range of courses and tutorials on research methodology, which can help researchers develop their research skills and knowledge. By taking these courses, researchers can learn about different research methods and techniques, such as surveys, case studies, and experiments.
This knowledge can help researchers design and conduct their research more effectively and efficiently. Additionally, the website provides a platform for researchers to connect with other researchers and experts in their field. This can help researchers build their professional network and find new opportunities for research and collaboration. Overall, educba.com is a valuable resource for researchers who are looking to develop their research skills and knowledge and build their professional network.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the research methodology?
Research methodology is the systematic process used to conduct and analyze research.
What is literature review in research methodology?
Literature review in research methodology involves reviewing and analyzing existing literature on a specific topic.
What is qualitative research methodology?
Qualitative research methodology involves exploring and understanding complex phenomena through non-numerical data.
What are qualitative methodologies?
Qualitative methodologies encompass various approaches like interviews, focus groups, and content analysis.
What are research methodology types?
Research methodology types include qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods, experimental, and survey research.
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