creative problem solving and decision making singapore poly

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Creative and Critical Thinking at the Workplace (Basic)

Topic: Professional Development & Leadership

Course Type: Short & Modular Courses

Course Date:

Registration period:, duration/frequency:, mode of training:.

*Please note that once the maximum class size is reached, the online registration will be closed. You may register your interest, and would be notified if there is new run.

Course Objective

In today’s workforce, it is vital to be able to make informed decisions by possessing the ability to see a comprehensive view of any situation, and use information from a wider and objective perspective. Creative and critical thinking are foundational skills for professional development because these skills will allow for one to adapt to the ever-changing global environment. Critical thinking is also foundational for many essential workplace skills, including problem-solving and decision-making.

Critical and creative thinking are skills that enable employees to assess situations from all angles before envisioning possible solutions. This style of critical and creative thinking process explores ideas and solutions that expand the opportunities for organisational success. Creative and critical thinking is the ability to objectively analyse an issue by considering the facts and differing perspectives to reach a sound, logical conclusion, and looking at innovative ways to resolve the issue.

Course Outline

Minimum requirements, certification / accreditation.

• Certificate of Attendance (electronic Certificate will be issued) A Certificate of Attendance will be awarded to participants who meet at least 75% attendance rate

• Certificate of Performance (electronic Certificate will be issued) A Certificate of Performance will be awarded to participants who pass the examination and meet at least 75% attendance rate

Suitable for

Full Fees (before GST): $300.00

Applicants/Eligibility	SkillsFuture Funding	GST*	Subsidised Fee (after GST)
Singapore Citizens aged 40 and above¹	$270.00	$8.10	$38.10
Singapore Citizens aged below 40	$210.00	$8.10	$98.10
Singapore Permanent Residents and LTVP+ Holders	$210.00	$8.10	$98.10
SME-sponsored Singapore Citizens, Permanent Residents and LTVP+ Holders²	$270.00	$8.10	$38.10
Others (Full fees payable)	$0.00	$27.00	$327.00

As per SSG’s policy, the GST payable for all funding-eligible applicants is calculated based on prevailing GST rate after baseline funding subsidy of 70%

Singaporeans aged 25 years and above may use ** SkillsFuture Credit balance to offset respective course fees.

¹ Under the SkillsFuture Mid-career Enhanced Subsidy. For more information, visit the SkillsFuture website here . ² Under the Enhanced Training Support for Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Scheme. For more information of the scheme, click here . To view SP’s list of similar funded courses, click here . Please submit the attached “ Declaration Form for Enhanced Training Support Scheme for SME ” together with your online application.

Funding Incentives

Please click here for more information on funding incentives.

Application Procedure

1. For self-sponsored applicant, please click on the “Register” button to apply for the course. You will be directed to STEP portal to manage all your course activities. Please note that you will be prompted to sign in with Singpass/Student ID. 2. For company-sponsored applicant, please approach your company's Human Resource (HR) team to put in the application through the company portal using CorpPass. You may only apply after receiving the registration link from your company's HR. 3. Your application does not guarantee acceptance into the course. Your acceptance into the course is dependent on meeting the course requirements and course vacancy. 4. All successful applicants will be notified with a letter of confirmation via email. 6. PACE Academy course schedules, including course trainer, course fees and course availability are subject to change. 7. PACE Academy reserves the right to cancel or postpone any course at short notice; & at its absolute discretion without assigning any reason for such cancellation/postponements. In the event that the applicant’s chosen course is cancelled prior to its commencement, PACE Academy will make a full refund of course fees already paid by the applicant. 8. The data provided to Singapore Polytechnic will be kept strictly confidential and will be used for the purpose of course administration. The data may be passed on to the relevant organisations that require the information related to the course.

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Advanced Learning Singapore

[email protected]
Mon - Fri: 9:00am - 5:00pm (except Singapore Public Holidays)

Download Year 2024 Training Calendar

2-day systematic approach to solve problems and make decisions course, course overview.

This course is created, owned, and trained by its original creator, Ms. Swing Goh. Learn from the original creator.

Effective decision makers are exceptional individuals who are capable of determining and selecting the best choice from numerous alternatives. Effective problem solvers do not hide from issues, they thrive in finding solutions where others struggle.

Correct and timely decision-making can be done using specific techniques and enhanced knowledge of the self and situations. During this two-day workshop, learners will receive training in applying problem solving to help decision making, how to identify appropriate solutions, how to use creativity, evaluating situations and people, predicting outcomes and more.

Upon completion of the course, learners will be able to:

Increase awareness of problem-solving steps and problem-solving tools
Distinguish root causes from symptoms to identify the right solution for the right problem
Improve problem solving and decision-making skills by identifying individual problem-solving styles
Think creatively and work towards creative solutions
Recognize the top ten rules of good decision-making

Who Should Attend

This workshop is suitable for front line managers, team leaders, quality assurance engineers, supervisors and productivity champions responsible for problem-solving or initiating productivity improvement programs.

Methodology

Learners are guided through practical steps of the topic with a combination of mini-lectures, group activities, discussions, hands-on exercises, games and Q&A sessions in this interactive workshop.

Course Information

SGD 810.00 (Nett)

Absentees will be charged the full course fees

9:00am to 5:00pm (14 hours)

Only on group request

ALS reserves the right to reschedule, postpone or cancel any course, change the venue at short notice and at its absolute discretion, due to insufficient enrolment, class size, availability and circumstances outside our control.

Why Learn With Us?

Course Outline

1. definitions.

Understanding problem solving and decision making
Importance of creative thinking in problem solving
Individual versus team effort – the pros and cons
The DRIVE Methodology
Identify the presence of a problem
Create a problem statement
Analyze and understand the problem
The Problem-Solving Toolkit – 7 QC tools
Collect data to understand the problem
Review the situation to understand the background of the problem

4. Identify

Discover the possible causes surrounding the problem
Analyze and identify the root causes
Generate possible solutions
Determine a decision-making approach for solution selection
Conduct evaluation to simulate improvement options
Validate if determined solution will bring desired results
Implement the selected solution using action plan
Review effectiveness of implemented solution
Follow-up on results for standardization or modification of solution

Our Dedicated Trainer - Ms. Swing Goh

Swing has nearly 10 years of experience in hands-on Engineering, Quality, Project Management (manufacturing industry) and Customer Service in multinational corporations as well as multi-industrial sectors.

She has actively participated in training programs conducted at Shimano, Seagate and Hitachi Global Storage Technologies – organizations known for their trailblazing quality and world-class training efforts. She was part of a team, at Hitachi GST, which was involved LEAN project to reduce waste in customer audits.

She was the key engineer in Customer Quality Department, to develop technical materials on process and products for her multinational customers; all these were made possible by her vast experience and strong technical knowledge in the fields of HDD product technology and competition. She was also the focal point for communication on customer or quality issues, technical impact assessment on quality issues, and hosted customer audits with excellent outcomes. She was actively involved with coaching cross-functional teams on the usage of problem-solving tools like 7 QC tools and CP/CPK.

The strong ability to work in a multi-cultural and diverse environment gives her an advantage in interacting and relating with working professionals from different background; making her a successful and inspiring facilitator in adult learning.

Her clients, amongst many, include AB Sciex, AMK Town Council, Broadcom, Du Pont Company, Evergreen Shipping, Food Empire, Home Team Academy, Integrated DNA Technologies, Jurong Port, K Box, Leonian Holdings, LVHM Fragrances & Cosmetics, Makino Asia, Maybank, MINDEF, Mandarin Group Hotel, New Port Duty Free, Oil States Industries, PSA Marine, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore Power, Singapore Technologies Aerospace, Singapore Technologies Marine Ltd, Swiss Precision and Wine Connection.

She is active in areas of courseware development and consultancy work which includes Lean improvement, procedures establishment, On-The-Job-Training blueprint, talent development, competency mapping and Training Needs Analysis for corporate clients.

Swing has a Master’s Degree in Engineering Science (Engineering Management) and a Diploma in Quality Assurance Engineering. She is also a professional coach in Transformative Coaching; an International Coach Federation (ICF) approved training program, and a professional speaker coached by 2017 World Champion of Public Speaking.

More Courses By Swing

Adapt, Evolve and Change – Embracing Changes in an Ever-Transforming Work Environment Course

Awaken Your Customer Service Senses Course

Error Proofing Your Processes, Products and Services Course

Managing Conflict and Confrontation the Less Stressful Way Course

Nurturing Your Creative Brain Course

Proactive Failure Management using FMEA (Failure Mode Effect and Analysis) Course

Problem Solving The 8D (Disciplines) Approach Course

Quality Control Tools for Data Analysis and Problem Solving Course

Quick Guide for Supervisory Management Roles Course

Reducing Stress While Optimizing Your 24/7 Course

Service Excellence with a ‘WOW’ Course

Systematic Approach to Solve Problems and Make Decisions Course

The Art of Technical Writing Course

The CRM (Customer Relationship Management) Way to Long Lasting Relationship Course

The Fundamentals Of Business Process Reengineering — Don’t Wait for Something to Be Broken to Fix It! Course

The Real Approach (and Human Side) of Project Management Course

Uncover Your Communication Power Towards Greater Understanding Course

Understanding How To Be LEAN (Not Just for Manufacturing Industry) Course

Working with Multi-Generational Colleagues Course

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Course Detail

creative problem solving and decision making singapore poly

Design Thinking – A Creative Approach to Problem Solving VIRTUAL LEARNING

Why You Should Attend This Course:

Value creation has always been part and parcel of any businesses. Businesses need to engage every part of the production chain to help create new strategies, enter new markets, create new brands, create new applications for technology, find new ways of connecting with customers and/or to help find new partners. What is different today is the speed at which all such activities need to be executed. Equipping individuals within an organisation with the knowledge and skills necessary to participate effectively and efficiently in the value-creation process is essential to maintaining competitiveness in the market place.

Individuals attending this course will acquire the ability of creative problem-solving through design thinking. Using a set of tools derived from a fairy tale known to most, this course will provide you with the knowledge and skills to effectively participate in or lead innovation within the organisation as well as make a difference to your personal lives by availing creativity in a brand new way.

Learning Outcomes:

Acquire knowledge about the creative and innovative process and be able to:

Define the non-linear nature of the creative and innovative process
List and describe the various elements/roles of the creative and innovative process
State the difference between an idea and a solution

Gain skills and procedural knowledge to:

Adopt The Beanstalk Creative Actions TM process and methodology in problem-solving
Define the parameters of a given problem to generate, identify and document winning solutions
Adopt a card-facilitated brain-storming process for more effective management of group-thinking
Enhance ideas by simplifying, value-engineering, cost-cutting and automation

Course Outline:

Introduction

Fundamentals and framework of design thinking processes
Understand the characteristics of the creative process
Using principles of design thinking and techniques of The Beanstalk Creative Actions TM for effective problem-solving
Harnessing and managing group creativity and thinking processes to enhance team performance

The Beanstalk Creative Actions TM 10 Steps Approach

Developing the right mindset, having the appropriate attitude, understanding and following the "rules of the game"
Scoping and defining the problem
Planning the problem-solving process and identifying appropriate tools for use at appropriate stages
Covering the "standard" solutions / going "wild" with ideas
Abstracting practical solutions from impossible ideas
Examine internal and external environment, identify changes and removing "sacred cows" from existing solutions that no longer work in the current environment
Examine the customers/stakeholder needs and understanding objections or obstacles and develop arguments or solutions to overcome them
Cost cutting and/or value-engineering – a critical step in any problem-solving
Compiling a winning solution

Who Will Benefit?

Any organisation who wishes to harness the power of design thinking and creative problem-solving to create value for the organisation, improve productivity, improve teamwork, create an open and gracious creative culture within the organisation by promoting thinking and innovative vibrancy.

Any individual who wishes to adopt a winning creative and open attitude, be able to lead and facilitate teams in the entire problem-solving process, look at issues instantly from multiple angles, turn criticisms into constructive feedback, always add value to discussions, constantly absorb new ideas and thoughts, influence others and build teams.

Trainer’s Profile:

(Course will be conducted by one of the following trainers)

Christopher Long is a Ngee Ann Polytechnic adjunct lecturer, published writer and designer. He was external examiner to various polytechnic programmes, NUS senior adjunct lecturer, past VP of SILA and is member of the Advisory Committee ABE, Singapore Polytechnic. He was also a Public Service Commission, National Parks Board (Singapore) and Carl Duisbery Gesellschaft (Germany) scholar.

During his time in Germany, he acquired the "Synaplan" card-assisted facilitation skills from Dr Nereu Feix. Chris has throughout his career adopted the use of “Synaplan” in design teamwork, at multi-organisational workshops as well as during his landscape design teaching at Ngee Ann Polytechnic and NUS.

Chris is also a SILA registered landscape architect who not only created several prominent landmark projects such as the Istana Front Lawn, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Tanglin/Heritage Core etc. but also went on to become the head of the National Parks Board design team leading them to achieve many important masterplans for Singapore including the Gardens by The Bay Preliminary Masterplan, the Southern Ridges Masterplan, the Hort Park Masterplan and The Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve Redevelopment Masterplan. He later moved on to the Research Branch of the National Parks Board where he proceeded to develop learning videos, a site integrated social networking application for park users, a patent-pending lifestyle garden product, as well as several training courses.

The Beanstalk Creative Actions TM process and methodology draws from his open facilitation skills built on the foundation of "Synaplan" as well as his design thinking ability cultivated through over 18 years of facilitating, designing and creating.

Earl started his career practising law in one of Singapore’s top law firms. Subsequently, he ventured into the world of digital marketing start-ups. There he moved from managing clients and project teams to managing the organization. Through the years, Earl has worked with MNC clients as well as in 4A agencies managing clients, operations and teams.

In the world of digital marketing, Earl was exposed to the importance of looking through the lens of the user and understanding the user journey when developing campaigns, advertisements and applications for the consumer. Applying design thinking principles was critical. In this capacity, Earl has worked with technology clients such as Hewlett Packard, Microsoft and PayPal, FMCG clients such as the Spa Esprit Group and Imedeen as well as Online Gaming clients such as Glu Mobile.

Through the various leadership roles he has held, Earl also learnt the importance of putting people first when developing team structures and managing people. In his last role, Earl was responsible for building an agile team structure to allow team members to work remotely across several regions, cities, cultures and languages. To do this, he had to look at the whole user experience to develop team structures as well as apply design thinking principles. This experience reinforced his passion for working with people to bring out their potential and in building highly engaged happy teams. His personal mission is to work with people committed to and passionate about achieving great outcomes by putting people at the heart of what we do.

* The class offers in-class or virtual learning

Time: 9am - 5pm
SDF Available (Non-WSQ) Code: CRS-N-0024562
SkillsFuture Credit eligible
MIS Member enjoy 10% Discount
Register for 8 or more participants to enjoy 10% Group Discount

Problem Solving and Decision Making Training Course

Learning Outcomes
Course Outline
For your Team

Problem solving and decision making are essential skills for both your career and your personal life in Singapore. Each day we are all faced with a range of problems and decisions that need a thoughtful and rational reaction.

With PD Training’s Problem Solving and Decision Making training course, you’ll learn skills like how to identify options, conducting research, weighing various options, applying problem-solving steps and tools, identifying appropriate solutions and making rational decisions based on facts and good judgment.

This Problem Solving and Decision Making training course can be delivered at your premises anywhere in Singapore by one of our expert local or international trainers.

Course name	Length	Outline	Next class
	1.0 day course		View schedule
	2.0 day course		View schedule
	1.0 day course		View schedule
	1.0 day course		View schedule
	1.0 day course		View schedule
	1.0 day course		View schedule
	1.0 day course		View schedule
	2.0 day course		View schedule

Your Learning Outcomes

This short and dynamic training course is the fastest way to develop skills in effective decision making so that goals can be reached on time, every time.

After completing this course, participants will have learned to:

Apply problem-solving steps and tools
Analyze information to clearly describe problems
Identify appropriate solutions
Think creatively and be a contributing member of a problem-solving team
Select the best approach for making decisions
Create a plan for implementing, evaluating, and following up on decisions
Avoid common decision-making mistakes
Understand problem-solving
Make correct and timely decisions
Use problem-solving model and toolkit
Use SWOT Analysis
Make good group decisions
Analyze and select solutions
Plan and organize

Problem Solving and Decision Making Training Reviews:

"This course is useful to enhance my problem solving skills. It helps me in my daily contact with customers." Heraeus Materials Singapore Pte Ltd

Download Course Outline (PDF)

Effective decision makers in Singapore are exceptional individuals who are capable of determining and selecting the best choice from numerous alternatives. Effective problem solvers don’t hide from issues, they thrive in finding solutions where others struggle.

Correct and timely decision-making can be done using specific techniques and enhanced knowledge of the self and situations. During this Decision Making Training Course, participants receive training in applying problem solving to help decision making, how to identify appropriate solutions, how to use creativity, evaluating situations and people, predicting outcomes and more.

Having a process to work through can take the anxiety out of problem-solving and make decision-making easier. That’s what this two-day workshop is all about.

Course Outline for Problem Solving and Decision Making Training

Topic 1	Topic 2
Topic 3	Topic 4
Topic 5	Topic 6
Topic 7	Topic 8
Topic 9	Topic 10
Topic 11	Topic 12

In-House Training - We’ll focus on what matters most to you and tailor to your context

Face-to-face, live online, or hybrid class tailored to your needs.

When you want a tailored learning experience targeting exactly what you want without bringing everyone physically together, the best choice is a Live Online Class run by PDT.

We tailor the content and activities to be specific to your current needs and the needs of the people and run the course in our usual activity-based workshop style training, however, the participants can all be offsite, or some can be in the room with others offsite.

Unless you have a preferred tools we use 'Zoom for Education' that includes enhanced collaboration features such as One-click content sharing, real-time co-annotation (people can work together in activity files), and digital whiteboarding, we also include things like live polls and group chats so you virtually have the same collaborative learning experience of attending a course in a room with other people.

We have delivered these 100's (if not 1000's) of times, and get great outcomes. We achieve great outcomes because we keep our learner centric approach - just because it’s delivered through a screen to some or all participants doesn’t mean it needs to be less tailored or less personalised.

You still have an expert trainer who talks to you prior to the session and tailors the delivery to use your terminology, ensure activities are relevant and directly applicable and ensures an engaging learning experience that provide people with skills and techniques they can apply the very next day.

A hybrid class is with some people connecting online, and some people physically together in the same room.

Live Online Participant Feedback:

90% overall trainer rating, 88% delivery was adapted to me personally, 75% i would recommend this course to someone else, face to face options with everyone in the same room.

We’ll make things easier so you can focus on adding more value

We provide the Training Management Centre which is an information hub before, during and after training. (Let us know if there’s parts you don’t want to use)

Invites people to training

(So you don’t have to)

Generates Sign in Sheet

Generates Branded Flyer

If you want to ‘promote’ internally

PDF’s of Certificates

(can be co-branded with your logo)

Collects and Reports feedback

Complete Results Dashboard

(including trainer insights)

What are people going to do differently?

At the completion of training participants are encouraged to create an action plan, and invite an accountability buddy via their Orgmenta App.

In your Training Management Centre you have transparency to the action plans so you can see what people are going to do differently.

Want to get clear on impacts and measure success? Our system and expert consultants support you.

Our systems and people make it easy to identify how you’ll be able to measure impacts, and then report on the success in the weeks or months after training.

Do you already have a training management system and wish they were automatically up to date?

It’s surprisingly easy to make it so that your system can automatically be up to date with all the training record details you need.

More than just a training provider - we are your Learning and Development Partner, we look forward to working with you, talk to one of our friendly expert consultants today.

Outstanding learning that people can do in the flow of work.

Fresh targeted video-based microlearning content with interactive lessons and quizzes included.
Rigourous review process
Only $11.00 per course per person per year.
Or get the $110.00 bundle and save.

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Design Thinking For Successful Problem Solving

Design touches all aspects; and impacts the human experience.

The new age requires change-makers, inspirers of new ideas, implementers and solution finders. Be it the individual, the community, or the organisation, design allows for a human-centric approach to creative thinking and problem-solving.

To be competitive, organisations today need to create new strategies, new brands and new applications. They must find new ways to connect with users and customers.

So learn and use design thinking tools to lead innovative ideas, and increase the probability of success and breakthrough.

Learning Objectives

Participants will work in small teams to experience and learn the following through a design challenge based on these principles:

• Human centred and empathetic design

• Utilising various design tools such as persona and scenarios

• Developing a culture of prototyping and collaboration

Who should attend?

Managers, Executives and anyone who are keen to adopt Design Thinking in their organisations.

Certificate

Participants will be awarded the Certificate of Attendance issued by Republic Polytechnic.

Related Courses

Last updated on 28 Dec 2023

Need more help?

If you are still unsure about which course to pursue, please contact our Academy for Continuing Education .

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Problem Solving & Decision Making

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Full Cost	S$805
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Training Provider Details
Trainer's Profile

Why You Should Attend This Course:

Much of what business managers and supervisors do is solve problems and make decisions and they are likely to do it by reacting to the problems. Often, when they encounter a new problem or decision they must make, they react with a decision that seemed to work before.

Whilst problem solving is of crucial importance to all businesses when products or processes fail, such that corrective action can be taken to prevent further failures, a potential problem can be predicted, analysed and mitigation applied to proactively reduce the likelihood of problems occurring.

In this two-day practical and experiential Creative Problem Solving For Decision Making workshop, participants will be given both an organised approach to problem solving and decision making as well as a creative angle in viewing problems. Both Critical and Creative thinking, which have become personal and corporate imperatives, will help individuals forge a path from problems to solutions that are more dependent on logic, reasoning and imagination.

Learning Outcomes:

Upon completion of this course, participants will be able to:

Recognize the Psychology of Problem Solving
Define a Structured Problem Solving Process
Understand Cause-Effect-Symptom-Problem Relationships in Problem Definition
Apply Cause-Effect Tools and Techniques and Develop Root-Cause Analysis
Apply Idea Generation Tools and Techniques in Formulating Creative Solutions
Apply Evaluative Tools and Techniques for Decision Making Process
Identify Strategic Considerations in Evaluating Risks and Implementing Solutions

Course Outline:

Basics of Problem Identification

Psychology of Problem Solving
Understand the definition of a Problem and its characteristics
Problem solving process - DMAIC

Elements of Problem Identification

Relationship between Cause-Effect-Symptom-Problem (CESP)
Characteristics of problem statements
Validation process for problem statements
Applying guideline for clear problem statements

Applying Root Cause Analysis

Purpose and impact of RCA
Review different RCA techniques
Finalizing root-cause through a funnelling process

Developing Creative Solution Process

Differentiating divergent and convergent techniques
Applying tools and techniques for identifying creative solutions
Process to narrow down solutions

Evaluating Solutions and Making Decisions

Applying tools and techniques for evaluating solutions
Finalize decisions with Decision Matrix

Strategic Considerations in Implementing Decisions

Identify and review action plans
Develop and review follow up contingency actions
Formulate after action review process
Applying risk assessment in decision making

Who Can Benefit?

New business executives in the financial industry who want practical tools and skills in strategic problem solving techniques.
Business executives and organizational talent-pool participants who desire actionable tools and skills to reinforce their career and management positions.
Seasoned managers who want to brush up on new skills related to problem solving and decision making.
Senior managers who want practical tools and skills in leading staff members towards enhanced problem solving and decision making techniques.

Marketing Institute of Singapore

Founded in 1973, the Marketing Institute of Singapore (MIS), a not-for-profit organisation, is the National Body for Sales and Marketing. Over the years, MIS has nurtured more than 50,000 sales and marketing practitioners through its professional learning and development programmes and provided ample networking opportunities for thousands of members through its diverse series of events.

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Good Course	Peter Tay	15 Aug 2015

Raymond Thomas

Raymond Thomas is the Founder and Managing Director of The Leadership Paradigm, a leading provider in the field of leadership skills enhancement and management. He is also an Entrepreneur, Consultant, Speaker and Coach, with more than 20 years leadership experience collaborating with local and multinational organisations.

Raymond inspires and engages leadership change elements which are aligned to business needs. His passion is in the fields of leadership, critical thinking, operations and management. His seminars and workshops are fun, interactive and designed to maximise learning retention.

Raymond is also the Immediate Past President (2015-16) and professional member of the Asia Professional Speakers Singapore (APSS) .

The following are details breakdown of the funding

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Funding is subjected to approval from the government agencies
The amount is calculated based on the "Up to" percentage of the course fees
Taking into assumption that you have not fully utilized the SkillsFuture Credit and Productivity & Innoviation Credit Scheme

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Professional Development
Course Listing

CRITICAL THINKING AND REASONING

Course overview

Systems Thinking

Course date

24-07-2024 to 25-07-2024

19-09-2024 to 20-09-2024

12-12-2024 to 13-12-2024

Course type

Instructor-Led

(including GST)

Member Total Fee (inc. 9% gst) : $971.19 Non-Member Total Fee (inc. 9% gst) : $1,213.17

Funding/Subsidy

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Download Programmes Directory

Course Overview

The ability to think critically separates the effective professional from others. A person who can think fast and well has far more mental resources for higher performance than his peers who lack good thinking skills. When you are armed with critical thinking tools, many benefits inevitably follow – you are able to identify thinking flaws, differentiate between good and bad suggestions, communicate persuasively, manage difficult people or circumstances, and more.

Course benefits

Business Outcomes

Good thinking skills allow managers to improve their top and bottom-line outcomes by becoming better at problem solving, decision making and strategic planning. Critical thinking also improves productivity by saving time from “inhibiting” thinking outcomes and increases your profits through improved abilities in negotiation, persuasion and outsmarting your rivals.

Learning Outcomes

Understand what critical thinking skills really are
Understand rational vs. behavioral models of thought
Understand critical thinking vs. IQ vs. creative thinking
Identify and overcome common thinking biases and logical reasoning errors
Apply critical thinking skills to business issues such as problem solving, decision making and strategic thinking
Use critical thinking to enhance productivity and profitability

Course outline

Foundations and principles of critical thinking
Compare: Critical thinking vs. rationality vs. practical outcomes
Understand how most managers think
Thinking biases and errors: What most managers are not aware of
Thinking in business contexts: When and why it often fails
Business scenarios: How to think with maximum efficiency
3 major frameworks of critical thinking

Course runs

Date	Time	Venue	Registration Closing Date
24-07-2024 to 25-07-2024	09.00 - 17.00	Namly Campus	11-07-2024
19-09-2024 to 20-09-2024	09.00 - 17.00	Namly Campus	05-09-2024
12-12-2024 to 13-12-2024	09.00 - 17.00	Namly Campus	28-11-2024

Who should attend?

Level 3 - New Managers &

Level 4 - Managers

Programme leader

An independent corporate trainer-consultant, Lim How is a recognized expert in the fields of critical thinking, transformational leadership, human relations, and the related. A psychologist by training at Yale University, his expertise has been regularly sought after by various Fortune 500 companies such as Citibank, Du Pont, and IBM, to list a few. While at Yale, he developed three programs that are now been used by various MNCs to train their management teams, talent pool, and senior executives. To date, thousands of executives from different parts of the world (e.g., Singapore, Asia, and USA) have benefited from his usually thought-provoking seminars. An author of two books, Lim How regularly writes for the press and other publications.

Programme Fee	Amount (including GST)	Remarks
Member Total Fee (inc. 9% gst)	$971.19	-
Non-Member Total Fee (inc. 9% gst)	$1,213.17	-
Early Bird Discount	10%

Programme Executive In Charge : Patricia Lee

Telephone number : 6248 9447

Email : [email protected]

Non-members are welcome to sign up for SIM membership to enjoy the discounted rate.

To register for the programmes now, select the preferred programme run-dates below through the register icon.

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Early Bird Discount applies to all programmes except for funded or subsidised programmes.
Registration must be received at least 4 weeks before the commencement date of the programme.
Cannot be combined with other discounts or promotions unless otherwise stated.
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No extension of the Early Bird closing date will be allowed.
In the event that participant is not able to attend the programme, he/she may transfer his/her seat in the programme to another colleague 2 weeks before the programme commencement date.
If participant did not turn up on the day of the programme for any reasons, full programme fee (non-discounted fee) will be charged accordingly. However, replacement is allowed at no charge and discount is applicable.
Deferment of attendance is allowed only within the current calendar year.

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Creative Problem Solving for Decision Making

By raymond thomas, *sdf-approved.

Introduction
Learning Outcomes
Course Outline
Target Audience
Trainer Profile

Why You Should Attend This Course

Upon completion of this course, participants will be able to:

Recognize the Psychology of Problem Solving
Define a Structured Problem Solving Process
Understand Cause-Effect-Symptom-Problem Relationships in Problem Definition
Apply Cause-Effect Tools and Techniques and Develop Root-Cause Analysis
Apply Idea Generation Tools and Techniques in Formulating Creative Solutions
Apply Evaluative Tools and Techniques for Decision Making Process
Identify Strategic Considerations in Evaluating Risks and Implementing Solutions

Basics of Problem Identification

Psychology of Problem Solving
Understand the definition of a Problem and its characteristics
Problem solving process – DMAIC

Elements of Problem Identification

Relationship between Cause-Effect-Symptom-Problem (CESP)
Characteristics of problem statements
Validation process for problem statements
Applying guideline for clear problem statements

Applying Root Cause Analysis

Purpose and impact of RCA
Review different RCA techniques
Finalizing root-cause through a funnelling process

Developing Creative Solution Process

Differentiating divergent and convergent techniques
Applying tools and techniques for identifying creative solutions
Process to narrow down solutions

Evaluating Solutions and Making Decisions

Applying tools and techniques for evaluating solutions
Finalize decisions with Decision Matrix

Strategic Considerations in Implementing Decisions

Identify and review action plans
Develop and review follow up contingency actions
Formulate after action review process
Applying risk assessment in decision making
New business executives in the financial industry who want practical tools and skills in strategic problem solving techniques.
Business executives and organizational talent-pool participants who desire actionable tools and skills to reinforce their career and management positions.
Seasoned managers who want to brush up on new skills related to problem solving and decision making.
Senior managers who want practical tools and skills in leading staff members towards enhanced problem solving and decision making techniques.

He inspires and engages leadership change elements which are aligned to business needs. His passion is in the fields of leadership, critical thinking, operations and management. His seminars and workshops are fun, interactive and designed to maximise learning retention.

Raymond is also the Immediate Past President (2015-16) and professional member of the Asia Professional Speakers Singapore (APSS).

02 – 03 Dec 2021

The class offers in-class or virtual learning

Time: 9am – 5pm
SDF Available (Non-WSQ) Code: CRS-N-0024328
SkillsFuture Credit eligible
MIS Member enjoy 10% Discount
Register for 8 or more participants to enjoy 10% Group Discount

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The requested page could not be found.

Effective Decision Making and Problem Solving

Management & Leadership

Also Available Online

Course Info

Length: 1 Week

City: Singapore

Type: In Classroom

Available Dates

July-29-2024

Aug-26-2024

Sep-30-2024

Oct-28-2024

Nov-25-2024

Dec-30-2024

Dates in Other Venues

July-01-2024

July-08-2024

July-15-2024

Kuala Lumpur

July-22-2024

Aug-05-2024

Aug-12-2024

Aug-19-2024

Sep-02-2024

Sep-09-2024

Sep-16-2024

Sep-23-2024

Oct-07-2024

Oct-14-2024

Oct-21-2024

Nov-04-2024

Nov-11-2024

Nov-18-2024

Dec-02-2024

Dec-09-2024

Dec-16-2024

Dec-23-2024

Jan-06-2025

Course Details

In problem-solving, you identify and evaluate solution paths; in decision making, you make a similar discovery and evaluation of alternatives. In this course, participants will develop their skills in Problem Solving and Decision Making.

Effective Decision Making and Problem Solving training course include skill development exercises in learning to apply problem-solving steps and tools, analyzing information to clearly describe problems, thinking creatively, being a contributing member of a problem-solving team, selecting the best approach for making decisions, creating a plan for implementing, evaluating, and following up on decisions, and to avoid joint decision making mistakes.

Participants of this course learn how to tame creativity and use it to reveal new paths. They consider convergent and divergent thinking and consumer decision-making in the process and learn how to explore and define problems to keep time and effort for the most important issues, mastering the proven techniques of creative problem-solving.

At the end of the Effective Decision Making and Problem Solving, you will able to:

Define what a problem is and the different types of problems
Recognize the importance of dealing with the cause of a problem
Identify barriers to solving problems and how to overcome them
Understand the different techniques to define and resolve simple and complex problems
Learn how to apply logical and creative approaches to solving problems and making decisions
Learn techniques that will help you to understand the cause of the problem
Practice brainstorming techniques and using mind maps
Understand the framework of concurrent ideation techniques
Realize why you shouldn’t blindly rely on intuition when making a decision
Know how to work with team-based or group decisions
Learn how to overcome paralysis by analysis while making a decision
Exercise various tools and techniques for evaluating solutions
Implement a solution and know how to track and monitor its application

Effective Decision Making and Problem-Solving training course is ideal for:

Supervisors
New and experienced Business Executives
Senior and Middle Managers
Project managers
HR Managers
All professionals involved in problem-solving and decision making
All individuals who want to become better at making decisions

Our courses in Singapore take place at the following location :

The Work Boulevard: 79 anson road level 21 Singapore 079906

Once you register for this course, we will subsequently send the invoice and course information, including location, trainer, and other logistics.

Pay Attention, Please! The course location is subject to availability; the course time will be precise one week before the course start date! We may change the course location if there is no availability, and we will let you know about the location change once it happens.

Course Outline

5 days course

Introduction to Creativity

The process of creativity
Creativity applies to all spheres of life, not just to art
Common barriers to creativity
Creativity vs Innovation

Introduction to Creative Problem-Solving

Is creativity in problem-solving always necessary?
Principles of creative problem-solving
Divergent thinking
Convergent thinking
Frameworks for creative problem-solving

Exploring and Defining Problems

Understanding the cause
How to be sure if this problem is real
Root cause analysis
Kepner-Tregoe process
Pareto analysis
Understanding systems

Divergent Ideation Techniques

Brainstorming Techniques
Visual mapping techniques
Using mind maps and fishbone diagrams
Questioning Assumptions
Context Mapping

Convergent Ideation Techniques

Pair & Share Technique
How-How Diagrams
PPCO Framework
ALU Framework

Solution Analysis

Using Logic vs. Intuition
Viewing solutions in multiple ways
The process of narrowing down solutions
Creating rating charts
Conducting risk analysis
Individual vs team-based decisions
Common Problems in decision-making and how to deal with them
Cultural differences
Quality of Data
Accountability and transparency

Making a Decision

Styles of decision-making
Understanding sensitivities
Understanding paralysis by analysis
How to deal with the ambiguity of outcomes
Applying tools and techniques for evaluating solutions
The Sunk Cost paradox
Golden rules of decision-making
Finalize decisions with the Decision Matrix

Implementing the Solution

Considering implementation in advance
Planning and delegation
Problem solved? – Tracking and evaluation
Develop and review follow-up contingency actions
Formulate an after-the-action review process
Applying a risk assessment in decision-making

Search Course

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Course Catalog

How to synergize inert brain functions to reach infinite possibilities;
How to optimize whole brain thinking using the revolutionary Buzan Mind Mapping® technique;
Information management through effective note organizing
Creative Brainstorming trigger with 5X more and better ideas
Effective Meetings and Note Taking
Daily Task Planning
Creative Problem Solving
Accurate Decision Making
Quick Thinking and Presenting (pitching ideas)
Information Recall and Memory
Identify left and right brain functions
Synergizing whole brain learning
Associative, Divergent and Radiant Thinking
Fundamentals of the Buzan Mind Mapping Technique
The Buzan Laws of Mind Maps®
Generate 5 times more and better ideas
Eliminate the use of notes in presentation
Watch how audience flows with your thoughts and ideas with ease
Wow your audience with radiant visual format
The 10% Key Point Rule
Basic Ordering of Ideas
Identifying Key Concepts and Ideas
Defining and Identifying Problems
The Torrance Creativity Test
Process of Creative Problem Solving
Determining the Criteria for Decision Making
Consider All Factors Using Mind Map
Using the Mind Map® Weightage System for Accurate Decision Making
Using Mind Maps® template for Meetings
Taking Notes, selecting key words and visual recording
Keep meetings focused and avoid drift
Interpretation of Mind Map® Minutes
Engage Participants through Interactive Creative Thinking
The Ultimate iMindMap Software that Stimulates Your Thinking Process
Create Personal, Organic-looking, Three-dimensional Digital Mind Maps

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Critical Thinking for the 21st Century Workplace

Course overview.

Critical thinking has been identified as an essential competency for the 21st century workplace. It also fosters teamwork and increases productivity.

Key critical thinking skills to have in the workplace include perspective-taking, analysis, evaluation, inference, and synthesis leading to effective communication and problem-solving.

This course is designed to achieve several learning outcomes which include fostering a collaborative environment where different perspectives and possibilities can be considered, distinguishing between fact, opinion, and value judgments. Additionally, analysing and synthesising information and ideas from a variety of sources, using information ethically, and using reasoning to reach successful outcomes.

Who Should Attend
Anyone in professional services in the industry from entry-level to managerial level
What You Will Learn
Components of critical thinking
Perspective-taking
Ethical use of information
Logical reasoning
Decisive problem-solving
Critical thinking through reflection
Teaching Team

Assistant Professor, Centre for Professional Communication, Singapore Institute of Technology

Dr Padma Rao is an Assistant Professor with the Centre for Communication Skills at Singapore Institute of Technology (SIT). Prior to SIT, she has taught at institutions such as Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Institute of Management University, Singapore Polytechnic and Republic Polytechnic. Dr Rao has a doctoral degree in Education from The University of Western Australia and a Masters in Applied Linguistics from The National University of Singapore. Furthermore, she is certified by the Institute of Adult Learning (IAL) as Specialist Adult Educator in Curriculum Development. In addition to teaching and curriculum development, Dr Rao plans and implements communication related modules in varied instructional modes such as Flipped Learning, and eLearning. She has conducted several workshops, both in Singapore and overseas on Problem-based learning, Active learning, and Authentic assessments for the workplace.

Lee Hwee Hoon

Dr. Hwee Hoon is an experienced instructor in the use of language for communication. She possesses a doctorate in education from University of Leicester and a master in English Language teaching from University of Lancaster. Throughout her career, she has taught undergraduates and adult learners technical and professional communication, career skills, interpersonal communication, critical thinking, and presentation. Her message to learners has always been that language is a means through which we think and act, express ourselves and connect with others. She believes in empowering individuals with understanding to handle language and communication challenges they encounter at the workplace.

Time	Date
9:00 am - 6:00 pm	4 October 2023

Certificate and Assessment

A Certificate of Participation will be issued to participants who

Attend at least 75% of the course
Undertake and pass non-credit bearing assessment during the course
Fee Structure

The full fee for this course is S$981.00.

Category	After SF Funding
Singapore Citizen (Below 40)	S$294.30
Singapore Citizen (40 & Above)	S$114.30
Singapore PR / LTVP+ Holder	S$294.30
Non-Singapore Citizen	S$981.00 (No Funding)

Note: All fees above include GST. GST applies to individuals and Singapore-registered companies.

Course Runs

There are no upcoming course runs at the moment.

Subscribe to our mailing list to learn about the latest dates as soon as they become available.

Related Insights

Redefining thinking and learning at skillsfuture festival.

08 Sep 2022

The annual SkillsFuture Festival to promote lifelong learning was hosted by the Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD) this year on 23 July. Riding on the theme of ‘Design for the Future Economy’, the single-day event featured 53 learning workshops and talks, with SIT faculty staff sharing their expert insights on thinking and learning.

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Learn to present confidently, engage and persuade culturally diverse audiences through effective presentation skills.

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Enhance teamwork in value driven development projects. Through experiential learning via games, discussions and collaboration, you'll gain skills that can be immediately applied to work contexts.

Enhance professional communication through concise and effective writing, applicable across various formats.

Learning Pathway

New Engineering Micro-credentials Launching Soon! Exciting news! We are introducing new micro-credentials in Electrical and Electronic Engineering & Infrastructure and Systems Engineering. Be among the first to know by registering your interest today! Register now →

Leading through Change
Managing Stakeholders
Influencing Skills
Facilitation Skills
Presentation Skills
Organisational Savvy
Managing Time and Priorities
Creative Problem-Solving for Better Decision-Making
Leading and Managing Teams
Managing Conflict
Thriving Under Pressure
Managing and Communicating Up
Leading Your Organisation
Fostering Psychological Safety To Empower Your Teams
Mastering the Art of Giving and Receiving Feedback

Creative Problem-Solving for Better DECISION-MAKING

Overall aim:.

This leadership training programme aims to introduce fundamental skills, tools, and techniques needed by professionals to identify and solve problems in an increasingly complex and rapidly-changing business environment, especially in Singapore . Participants learn how to resolve problems and issues in a more effective and creative manner and apply their learnings to their own real-work problems/situations during the workshop.

How you benefit:

Appreciate the need for creativity in problem-solving
Identify organisational and personal barriers to using creative approaches
Understand and utilise a 4-step problem-solving model
Appreciate a range of tools and techniques available to each of the 4 steps and identify the most appropriate tool to use
Apply the tools to real work problems/situations

Programme Outline:

Exploring typical problem-solving approaches
Understanding the need for creative approaches
Organisational and personal barriers to using creativity
Practising different thinking techniques such as Thinking Styles: Convergent vs. Divergent Thinking and De Bono’s Six Thinking Hats
Applying the 4-Step problem-solving model
Understanding and using tools such as Why Laddering, 5W 1H, the KJ Method, Fishbone diagrams, replacing key words, etc.
Generating a wide range of potential solution using tools such as brainstorming, analogy, reversal, cartoon storyboard, what if, super-hero, etc.
Objectively evaluating all potential solutions using tools such as sorting, rating, potentials, five-finger consensus, the $1,000-dollar test, etc.
Applying tools such as force field analysis, stakeholder-mapping/analysis, feasibility/attractiveness matrix, etc. to select the best solution
Addressing stakeholders’ concerns and expectations in overall decision-making process
Identifying and managing risks

Who should attend:

New managers, mid-level managers, and individual contributors looking to develop decision-making skills using a creative thinking process.

Speak to us for more information on our programmes, or if you wish for us to customise one for you.

What We Can Do For You

Our Philosophy
Leadership Training & Development
High Performance Learning Journey
Our Methodology
Fresh From The Oven

About Kaleidoskope

We are Kaleidoskope
Our Partners
Testimonials

Regus MBFC Marina Bay Financial Centre Tower 3 12 Marina Boulevard Level 17 S018982

+65 9100 5995

+65 6809 5000

+65 6809 5001

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Creative Problem Solving & Decision Making

April 22, 2021 - april 23, 2021, share this event, event navigation.

Developing Effective Project Management
Key Account Management Strategies

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Contact Info

Malaysia Tel : 1300 88 0031

Phone: Singapore Tel : +65 6492 1735 / 6492 5912 / 6492 5913

Fax: 458 761-9562

Email: [email protected]

Creative Problem Solving and Decision Making 2 Days Training in Singapore

Our classroom training provides you the opportunity to interact with instructors and benefit from face-to-face instruction.

Select date and time

Thursday June 27 9:00 AM
Thursday July 25 9:00 AM
Thursday August 22 9:00 AM
Thursday September 26 9:00 AM
Thursday October 24 9:00 AM
More options

For venue details reach us at: [email protected]

Refund Policy

Module One: Define the problem:

Module Two: Find Creative Solutions using creativity tools:

Module Three: Evaluate and Select a solution:

Module Four: Implement the solution and create an action plan:

About this event

Certificate: Course Completion Certificate Language: English

Duration: 2 Days Credits: 16

Course Delivery: Classroom/ Virtual/On-site

Offers: Groups of 5 - 10 people 10% Discount | Groups of 11 - 20 people 15% Discount

Course Overview:

This highly interactive workshop introduces a variety of creative problem-solving and decision-making tools and techniques. Participants will learn to analyze problems, generate creative solutions, and decide which solution most closely matches their needs. In addition to the numerous activities and exercises throughout the training where participants get to practice the different tools and techniques learned, they will also apply the learning and their problem-solving skills on an interesting case study that will take them back to the days of Ancient Egypt and building the great pyramids.

Target Audience:

Employees at all levels.

Learning Objectives:

After completing this course, delegates will be able to:
Apply a four-step process to systematically solve problems and decide on appropriate solutions.
Use methods and tools (systematic process and fishbone diagramming) to discover the underlying cause of a problem.
Use brainstorming, and several other creative thinking techniques to generate possible solutions to the problem.
Identify the best choice from various options.
Use the following decision-making techniques: Pro/Con, Force Field Analysis, Decision Matrix, Feasibility/Capability Analysis, and Cost/Benefit Analysis.
Create an Action Plan to implement the appropriate solution

Prerequisites:

There are no formal prerequisites.

Course Materials:

Students will receive a course manual with presentation slides and reference materials.

Technical Requirements:

For eBooks:

Internet for downloading the eBook

Laptop, tablet, Smartphone, eReader (No Kindle)

Adobe DRM-supported software (e.g. Digital Editions, Bluefire Reader)

eBook download and activation instructions

Find out your problem-solving style (Self-assessment).
Systematic Problem Definition (6 Basic Questions).
Systematic Problem Definition (Grid).
Fish Bone Diagrams / Ishikawa/ Cause and Effect diagrams.
Brainstorming.
Reverse Brainstorming.
Mind Mapping.
Pros and cons.
Force field analysis.
Decision Matrix.
Cost/Benefit Analysis.
Feasibility/Capability Analysis.
Create an action plan.
Break the solution into action steps.
Prioritize actions and assign roles.
Follow-up at milestones.

Certification:

Once after the training, you receive a course completion certificate from the Academy for Pros

Frequently asked questions

We provide Course Materials, Course Completion Certificate and Refreshements

Placements are not guaranteed, however you can ask our trainer for the help as our trainer has contacts with corporate.

All our Instructors are Certified & Industry Experts and they have years of experience in the same filed.

We do Provide Group Discounts such as 10% for group of 3, 15% for group of 5 and 20% for the group of 10 people.

You can request a refund by sending an email to [email protected] and within 7 working days you get your money back.

This course does not include exams as this is non-certifications course. once after the training we provide course completion certificate with each credit per hour (SEU,s or PDU’s)

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JSmol Viewer

Linear consensus protocol based on vague sets and multi-attribute decision-making methods.

1. Introduction

The HotStuff protocol does not have a clear leader election strategy, and if the leader node is a malicious node, it can cause a significant drop in throughput;
The HotStuff protocol has a higher consensus latency compared to PBFT and Tendermint. Because HotStuff is a four-phase consensus protocol, the additional round of consensus communication causes an increase in its latency.
We proposed a three-stage linear consensus protocol to replace the original four-stage protocol, reducing the consensus latency. We conducted a performance analysis of QuickBFT and provided safety and liveness proofs;
We proposed a multi-attribute decision-making method based on Vague sets to select the leader node, which includes four attributes: the consensus delay of the main node, the reputation value of the node, CPU utilization, and remaining bandwidth. We constructed Vague sets on these four attributes to represent the membership degree and uncertainty of each attribute. We proposed an improved method for determining attribute weights based on the literature [ 15 ]. We used the TOPSIS method to calculate the distances of each replica node from the positive ideal solution and negative ideal solution and calculated the comprehensive evaluation index of each node. Based on the comprehensive evaluation index, we calculated the probability of each replica node being selected as the leader node. According to the VRF [ 16 ] (Verifiable Random Function), each replica performs independent calculations to select the leader node for the next view, and then all nodes vote to initiate the next round of consensus.

2. Related Work

2.1. the hotstuff protocol, 2.2. vague sets, 2.3. multi-attribute decision making.

AHP method [ 22 ]: The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method breaks down complex decision-making problems into multiple levels by constructing a hierarchical structure. Then, it compares and judges the attributes of each level, ultimately determining the optimal solution. The AHP method is particularly suitable for decision-making problems with complex structures and multiple levels;
The TOPSIS method [ 23 ]: The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is a multi-attribute decision-making method developed by Hwang and Yoon. This method ranks solutions by calculating their relative proximity to the positive ideal solution, providing decision makers with a convenient tool. When applying the TOPSIS method for solution selection, our goal is to find the solution that is closest to the positive ideal solution and the one that is farthest from the negative ideal solution, which we consider to be the best solution. The positive ideal solution is the one that has the maximum value of the benefit attribute among all feasible solutions, while the negative ideal solution is the one that has the minimum value of the benefit attribute among all feasible solutions and the maximum value of the cost attribute. In the TOPSIS method, these two solutions serve as reference points, and the distance from them is used to measure the quality of the solutions;
MAVT method [ 24 ]: The Multi-Attribute Value Theory (MAVT) is a decision analysis method that considers multiple attributes or criteria and evaluates and selects solutions based on these attributes or criteria. The core idea of this method is that for a given decision problem, decision makers can provide different attribute value functions based on different attributes or criteria and then combine each attribute value function after weighting sum calculation to obtain the utility value of each solution;
The LINMAP method [ 25 ]: Linear Mixed Model Analysis of Phenotype (LINMAP) is a linear programming method for multi-dimensional preference analysis, which determines the weight vector and ideal point by using linear programming methods to rank and select solutions. This method was proposed by Srinivasan and Shocker in 1973 and is similar to the TOPSIS method but differs in that the ideal solution in LINMAP is not predetermined but is solved by solving a linear programming problem using the pairwise comparison information provided by the decision maker.

3. Details of the QuickBFT Protocol

3.1. overview, 3.2. data structures.

Message Format

3.3. Algorithm Description

Common functions(for replica s).

1: Function CREATEMSG(type, node, qc)

2: m.type ← type

3: m.viewNumber ← curView

4: m.node ← node

5: m.justify ← qc

6: return m

7: Function CREATEVOTEMSG(type, node, qc)

8: m ← CREATEMSG(type, node, qc)

9: m.partialSig ← tsings(< m.type, m.viewNumber, m.node >)

10: return m

11: Function CREATELEAF(parent, cmd)

12: b.parent ← parent

13: b.cmd ← cmd

14: return b

15: Function CREATEQC(V )

16: qc.type ← m.type : m ⊂ V

17: qc.viewNumber ← m.viewNumber : m ⊂ V

18: qc.node ← m.node : m ⊂ V

19: qc.sig ← tcombine(< qc.type, qc.viewNumber, qc.node >

, {m.partialSig|m ⊂ V })

20: return qc

21: Function MATCHINGMSG(m, t, v)

22: return (m.type = t) ∧ (m.viewNumber = v)

23: Function MATCHINGQC(qc, t, v)

24: return (qc.type = t) ∧ (qc.viewNumber = v)

25: Function SAFENODE(node, qc)

26: return (node extends from LockedQC.node) ∨ (qc.viewNumber >

LockedQC.viewNumber)

QuickBFT protocol(for replica s).

1: for curView ← 1, 2, 3…do

3: as leader :

4: wait for (n − f) new − view messages : M ←

{m | MATCHINGMSG(m, NEWVIEW, curView − 1)}

5: highQC ← (argmax{m.justify.viewNumber}).justify{m ⊂ M}

6: curProposal ← CREATELEAF(highQC.node, client command)

7: PrepareQC ← CREATEQC(M)

8: broadcast CREATEMSG(PREPARE, curProposal, PrepareQC)

9: as replica :

10: wait for message m :

MATCHINGQC(m.justify, PREPARE, curView) from LEADER(curView)

11: if

m.node extends from m.justify.node∧SAFENODE(m.node, m.justify)

12: then

send CREATEVOTEMSG(PREPARE, m.justify.node, m.justify) to leader(curV iew)

13: else

14: break

15: endif

16: PrepareQC ← m.justify

17:

18: as leader :

19: wait for (n − f) votes : V ←

v | MATCHINGMSG(v, PREPARE, curView)

20: CommitQC ← QC(V )

21: broadcast CREATEMSG(COMMIT, v.node, CommitQC)

22: as replica :

23: wait for message m :

MATCHINGQC(m.justify, COMMIT, curV iew) from LEADER(curView)

24: LockedQC ← m.justify

25: send CREATEVOTEMSG(COMMIT, m.justify.node, m.justify) to leader(curV iew)

26:

27: as leader :

28: wait for (n − f) votes : V ←

v | MATCHINGMSG(v, COMMIT, curV iew)

29: DecideQC ← QC(V )

30: broadcast CREATEMSG(DECIDE, v.node, DecideQC)

31: as replica :

32: wait for message m :

MATCHINGQC(m.justify, DECIDE, curView) from LEADER(curView)

33: execute new commands through m.justify.node, respond to clients

34: send CREATEVOTEMSG(NEWVIEW, m.justify.node, m.justify) to LEADER(curView)

35:

36: NEXTVIEW Interrupt : This phase is entered after a timeout

37: send CREATEVOTEMSG(NEWVIEW, m.justify.node, m.justify) to LEADER(curView)

3.4. Chained QuickBFT

3.5. protocol analysis.

Communication complexity:

4. Leader Selection Algorithm Based on Vague Sets and Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Method

4.1. vague sets representation of attribute index.

Vague set representation of consensus delay

4.2. Attribute Information Synchronization Scheme

4.3. the topsis method based on vague sets, 4.4. method of determining target weight, 4.5. algorithm process.

After the QuickBFT protocol starts, the module for selecting the leader node first initializes;
After initialization, QuickBFT conducts N (N = number of nodes) rounds of consensus based on the round-robin leader selection strategy and then constructs attribute indicators based on the Vague set. The attribute indicators include consensus delay, node reputation value, node CPU utilization, and node bandwidth. The CPU utilization and bandwidth of nodes can be represented by directly constructing a Vague set, while the consensus delay and reputation value attributes of nodes require the synchronization of attribute information among nodes before constructing a Vague set to represent;
According to the attribute information synchronization scheme described in Section 4.2 , the nodes use a three-round broadcast method to synchronize their attribute information and construct a Vague set of all attribute information to ensure consistency of the attribute information of honest nodes;
Each node performs the computation of selecting the leader node locally and calculates the positive ideal solution (VPIS) and negative ideal solution (VNIS) according to the definition in Section 4.3 ;
Calculate the weights of each attribute according to the method outlined in Section 4.4 ;
According to the weights of each attribute and the definition in Section 4.3 , the weighted distances between each replica node and VPIS and VNIS are calculated;
The comprehensive evaluation index of each replica node is calculated based on the distance between each replica node and the positive and negative ideal solutions, and the probability of each node being selected as the leader node is calculated;
A random number is generated according to the VRF verifiable random function, and each node selects the leader node for the next round of consensus according to the probability in Step 7 and initiates voting;
If the remainder of the view ID divided by the number of nodes is not zero, proceed to step 8, where the seed for the next round of consensus is determined by the seed of the previous round of consensus and the aggregated signature, ensuring the randomness of the seed;
If the remainder of the view ID divided by the number of nodes is zero (after N rounds of consensus), proceed to step 2.

5. Proof of Safety and Liveness

Safety [ 32 ]: The safety of consensus protocol refers to the fact that honest nodes in the system agree on the same value. In QuickBFT, the safety problem actually refers to whether there are conflicting branches in the system, i.e., to ensure that different honest nodes have the same branch;
Liveness [ 33 ]: The liveness of a consensus protocol refers to the fact that if a consensus proposal is correct and sent to the consensus network, it will ultimately be confirmed in the consensus network. Liveness ensures that the consensus protocol will continue to operate without interruption due to node failures or other factors, thereby preventing the entire consensus process from being blocked and causing a decline in system performance.

5.1. Safety

5.2. liveness, 6. evaluation, 6.2. performance.

Performance Test without Byzantine Nodes:

7. Conclusions

Author contributions, data availability statement, conflicts of interest.

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Yang, D.; Tsai, W.-T. Linear Consensus Protocol Based on Vague Sets and Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Methods. Electronics 2024 , 13 , 2461. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13132461

Yang D, Tsai W-T. Linear Consensus Protocol Based on Vague Sets and Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Methods. Electronics . 2024; 13(13):2461. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13132461

Yang, Dong, and Wei-Tek Tsai. 2024. "Linear Consensus Protocol Based on Vague Sets and Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Methods" Electronics 13, no. 13: 2461. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13132461

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