first aid assignment

By signing up, you agree to our privacy policy .

Sign Up for our FREE Newsletter!

Lesson plans.

• Lesson Templates
• Certificates
• Find Grants
• Fundraising

Search for Resources

You are here

World First Aid Day started in the year 2000. The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) introduced it to raise global awareness of how first aid can save people’s lives in everyday situations. It occurs on the second Saturday of September every year. It provides an opportunity for citizens to understand they can quickly learn skills that could save someone’s life. First aid is the assistance given to any person suffering a sudden illness or injury,with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, and/or promote recovery. It includes initial intervention in a serious condition prior to professional medical help being available, such as performing CPR while awaiting an ambulance, as well as the complete treatment of minor conditions, such as applying a plaster to a cut. First aid is generally performed by the layperson, with many people trained in providing basic levels of first aid, and others willing to do so from acquired knowledge. First aid skills not only give your students the ability to save a life – knowing how to respond in an emergency can also boost confidence, self esteem, teamwork and communication skills.

Coloring Pages

Copyright © 2001 - 2024 TeacherPlanet.com ®. All rights reserved. Privacy Statement and Disclaimer Notice

Sign up for our free weekly newsletter and receive

top education news, lesson ideas, teaching tips, and more!

No thanks, I don't need to stay current on what works in education!

First Aid Scenarios and Discussion Answers

5. Check the victim for other injuries and keep him calm until help arrives.

No Alignments yet.

Cite this work

• Type 2 Diabetes
• Heart Disease
• Digestive Health
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Diet & Nutrition
• Supplements
• Health Insurance
• Public Health
• Patient Rights
• Caregivers & Loved Ones
• End of Life Concerns
• Health News
• Thyroid Test Analyzer
• Doctor Discussion Guides
• Hemoglobin A1c Test Analyzer
• Lipid Test Analyzer
• Complete Blood Count (CBC) Analyzer
• What to Buy
• Editorial Process
• Meet Our Medical Expert Board

First Aid Instructions for 10 Medical Emergencies

What to do in 10 types of medical emergencies

• Stopped Heart
• Broken Bone/Fracture

First Aid Kit List

First aid is the immediate care a sick or injured person gets. In some cases, it may be the only care a person needs. In others, first aid is a way to prevent a person's condition from worsening and keep them alive until paramedics arrive or they are taken to the hospital.

The best way to prepare for these events is to get official first-aid training. In the meantime, there are some basic life-saving steps you can learn.

This article goes over the first aid steps to follow in 10 different situations and how to tell if more care is needed.

Stevica Mrdja / Getty Images

ABCs of First Aid

If someone is unconscious or unresponsive, the basic principle of first aid that you need to know is ABC : airway, breathing, and circulation .

• Airway: If someone’s not breathing, the first thing you need to do is open their airway .
• Breathing: If you have cleared a person’s airway but they’re still not breathing, provide rescue breathing .
• Circulation: As you are doing rescue breathing, perform chest compressions to keep the person’s blood circulating. If the person is not responsive, check their pulse. If their heart has stopped, provide chest compressions.

A simpler version of the ABCs is:

• Awake? If the person is not awake, try to wake them. If they don’t wake up, make sure someone is calling 911 and move on to the next step.
• Breathing? If a person is not awake and not breathing, start rescue breathing and chest compressions. Then, move to the next step.
• Continue care: When you call for help, follow instructions from 911 or continue treatment until an ambulance arrives.

Some first aid courses also include D and E :

• D can stand for: Disability assessment, deadly bleeding , or automated external defibrillator (AED). An AED is a device that shocks the heart to make it start beating again.
• E can stand for: Examination (checking the person for signs of injury, bleeding, allergies, or other problems once you know they’re breathing and their heart is beating).

Where to Get First Aid Training

Taking a formal CPR class will help you become familiar with doing chest compressions, rescue breathing, and using an AED. You can find courses from the American Red Cross , your local community first responders, and online.

First Aid for a Stopped Heart

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is one of the most important emergency medical procedures that a person can know.

When a person is in cardiac arrest (heart is not beating), doing CPR and/or using an AED could restart their heart and/or recirculate blood until their heart can be restarted with a defibrillator. This can restore their life.

AEDs are available in many public areas and businesses. These first aid devices are made to be easy to use even if you have no training.

If you think someone is in cardiac arrest, there are four steps you can take to help them.

• Find a person nearby. Make eye contact, point to them, and say: “Call 911.”
• Start doing chest compressions on the person who needs help. Using both your hands, push down hard and fast in the center of the person’s chest. Let their chest come back up naturally between compressions. You may hear pops or snaps; this is normal.
• Keep going until someone with more training arrives.
• If you’re trained in CPR, you can use chest compressions and rescue breathing.
• If it’s available, use an AED. However, do not put off doing chest compressions to go look for an AED. If possible, instruct someone else to go find the device and bring it to you.

First Aid for Bleeding

Zero Creatives / Getty Images 

If someone is injured and bleeding, there are a few basics about how blood works that will be helpful for you to know.

The color of the blood and how it’s leaving the body can give you a sense of the extent of the injury:

• Capillaries: Bleeding from the smallest blood vessels ( capillaries ) looks like a trickle. This kind of bleeding usually stops on its own.
• Veins: A consistent blood flow and blood that’s a dark red color is most likely coming from the veins. This type of bleeding can range from mild to severe.
• Arteries: Arteries are the largest blood vessels and carry a lot of oxygen. If they are injured, bright red blood will spurt out. Blood can be lost very fast with this kind of bleeding.

Almost all bleeding can be controlled with first aid . If severe bleeding keeps going, a person can go into shock and may die.

While it is important to stop bleeding, begin with the ABCs of first aid.

The next steps are to:

• Put on disposable gloves if you have them. This will protect you from infectious diseases like viral hepatitis and HIV/AIDS that can be spread in a person’s blood.
• Rinse the wound with water.
• Cover the wound with a gauze or cloth (e.g., towel, blanket, clothing).
• Apply direct pressure to stop the flow of blood and encourage clotting (when blood naturally thickens to stop blood loss).
• Elevate the bleeding body part above the person’s heart if you can.
• Do not remove the cloth if it becomes soaked. Removing the first layer will interfere with the clotting process and result in more blood loss. Instead, add more layers if needed.
• Once bleeding has stopped, put a clean bandage on the wound.

Get medical help if:

• The wound is deep.
• The wound has widely separated sides.
• The injury oozes blood after pressure has been applied.
• The injury is from an animal or human bite.
• The injury is a puncture, burn, or electrical injury .
• You think there is arterial bleeding.
• Blood is soaking through the bandages.
• The bleeding is not stopping.

If you are taking the person to the hospital, make sure that you have someone else who can keep administering first aid while you drive.

First Aid for Choking

Science Photo Library / Getty Images 

Choking happens when a person’s windpipe ( trachea ) gets blocked by food or an object. It is a serious event that can lead to unconsciousness or even death.

Signs of choking include:

• Gagging, gasping, or wheezing
• Inability to talk or make noise
• Turning blue in the face
• Grabbing at the throat
• Waving arms
• Looking panicked

Using the Heimlich Manuever

The Heimlich maneuver is a series of abdominal thrusts that can help dislodge the thing a person is choking on. This first aid technique should only be done if someone is truly choking.

Before doing anything, ask the person if they are choking. Remember: If someone is coughing or talking, they are not choking.

If someone is choking, you should know how to use the Heimlich maneuver .

Here are the steps:

• Stand behind the person and lean them slightly forward.
• Put your arms around their waist.
• Clench your fist and place it between their belly button (navel) and rib cage.
• Grab your fist with your other hand.
• Pull your clenched fist sharply backward and upward under the person’s rib cage in five quick thrusts.
• Repeat until the object is coughed up.

For someone who is obese or pregnant, perform the thrusts around the chest instead of the abdomen.

If someone is choking and becomes unconscious:

• Place them on their back and kneel over them.
• Place the heel of your hand slightly above their belly button.
• Place your other hand on top of it.
• Give quick upward thrusts to dislodge the object.

Helping a Choking Infant

If a baby is choking, you need to use different first aid techniques to help them.

Start with back blows:

• Lay the baby across your forearm, face down.
• Support them with your lap or upper thigh.
• Hold their chest in your hand and jaw between your fingers (the baby’s head should be pointed down so it’s lower than their body).
• With the heel of your free hand, give five quick, forceful blows to the baby’s back between the shoulder blades.

If back blows don’t work, try chest thrusts:

• Turn the baby face up, keeping them on your lap for support.
• Keeping their head angled down, lower than their body, hold the back of their head with your hand to steady it.
• Place two or three of your fingers in the center of the baby’s chest just below the nipples.
• Give five quick thrusts downward so the breastbone gets pushed in about 1.5 inches.

If a choking infant loses consciousness, you may need to do CPR until emergency help arrives.

What to Do if You're Alone and Choking

You can give yourself the Heimlich maneuver even if you are alone. 

• Call 911 first, even though you will not be able to speak. Leave the phone connected. 911 can pinpoint your location and send emergency help. Use a landline if available. If a landline isn't available, a cell phone can be used.
• Grasp one fist with the other hand and place above your belly button.
• Thrust inward and upward with your fist. Repeat until the object is dislodged.
• You can also bend over a hard surface such as the back of a chair. Use the hard surface to apply repeated thrusts to your abdomen. Repeat until the object is dislodged.

First Aid for Burns

The first step to treating a burn is to stop the burning process.

This might mean:

• Cleaning up chemicals
• Turning off electricity
• Cooling heat with running water
• Covering up or taking a person inside out of the sun

The  severity of a burn  is based on how deep in the skin it is and how big it is:

• First-degree burn: This kind of burn only affects only the outer layer of skin and causes redness and swelling. It is considered a minor burn.
• Second-degree burn: This kind of burn affects two layers of skin and causes blistering, redness, and swelling. It is considered a major burn if it’s more than 3 inches wide or is on the face, hands, feet, genitals, buttocks, or over a major joint.
• Third-degree burn: This kind of burn affects deeper layers of skin and causes white or blackened skin that can be numb. It is always considered a major burn.

Major burns need emergency medical attention. Once you’ve stopped the burning process, call 911 or get someone else to.

For burns that are not an emergency, you can take these first aid steps:

• Flush the burned area with cool running water for several minutes. Do not use ice.
• Apply a light gauze bandage. If the burn is minor, you can put on an ointment, like aloe vera, before you cover it.
• Take Motrin (ibuprofen) or Tylenol (acetaminophen) for pain relief if you need it.
• Do not break any blisters that form.

First Aid for Blisters

Rattanakorn Songrenoo / Getty Images

Blisters protect damaged skin while it heals.

Some blisters need to be treated and others don’t. Whether you need to treat a blister depends on how bad it is and your overall health.

If the blister is small, not open, and doesn’t hurt, it’s best to leave it alone. You can cover it to prevent rubbing, which could cause it to swell and burst.

Do not pop a small blister. This could let bacteria get inside it and cause an infection.

If the blister is big or painful, you need to take different steps to treat it.

Here are the first-aid steps to take for a more serious blister:

• Wash your hands.
• Sterilize a needle with alcohol.
• Make small holes at the edge of the blister.
• Gently push out the fluid.
• Apply antibiotic ointment.
• Put on a bandage.
• If possible, take steps to protect the area from further rubbing or pressure.

If you have a compromised immune system , you are more likely to get an infection and should not drain a blister on your own. However, your healthcare provider may want to drain it to help prevent infection.

If a blister breaks open on its own:

• Gently wash the area with clean water only.
• Smooth the flap of broken skin over the newly exposed skin, unless it’s dirty, torn, or there is pus under it.
• Put petroleum jelly on it.
• Cover it with a bandage.

Change the bandage any time it gets wet. Take it off when you go to bed to give the area a chance to air out.

First Aid for a Broken Bone or Fracture

Odilon Dimier / Getty Images

Any injury to your limbs, hands, and feet needs to be treated as a broken bone until an X-ray can be done.

While broken bones or fractures do need medical treatment, they do not all require an emergency trip to the hospital. First aid steps can help stabilize the bone until you can see a healthcare provider.

In some cases, you will need emergency medical care to deal with a broken bone.

Call 911 if:

• The person is bleeding a lot, is unresponsive, is not breathing, or has more than one injury.
• You think a person has a fracture or other serious injury in their spinal column, head, hip, pelvis, or thigh. In this case, do not move the person.
• A broken bone is poking through the skin ( open or compound fracture ).
• The area below an injured joint feels cold and clammy or looks bluish.
• You cannot keep the injury from moving well enough to transport the person.

Otherwise, you can use first aid, then go to urgent care or contact your healthcare provider for guidance.

Here’s what to do next:

• Do not try to straighten the bone.
• For a limb, use a splint and padding to keep it still, then elevate it.
• Put a cold pack on the injury—but not directly on the skin. Use a barrier between the ice and the skin to keep the tissue from being damaged. If all you have is ice, put it in a plastic bag and wrap it in a shirt or towel before applying it.
• Give the person anti-inflammatory drugs like Advil (ibuprofen) or Aleve (naproxen) for pain.

Some research has shown that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like Advil and Aleve can slow bone healing. However, short-term NSAID use appears to have little or no effect on healing. You may use Tylenol (acetaminophen) as an alternative for pain relief.

First Aid for Sprains

Adam Burn / Getty Images

A sprain is an injury to the connective tissues that hold bones, cartilage , and joints together ( ligaments ).

Sprains are most often caused when the twisting of a joint overstretches or tears these tissues. They tend to happen in the ankles, knees, and wrists.

The symptoms of a sprain are similar to those of a broken bone. A person will need to have an X-ray to figure out which injury they have.

The first thing to do is make sure that the injured person stops any unnecessary activity, as moving can make the injury worse.

Sprains often don’t require emergency treatment. However, you should get immediate medical care if the injured person:

• Has severe pain when they move or are touched
• Cannot put any weight on the injured joint
• Has increased bruising
• Has numbness or pins-and-needles near the sprain
• Shows signs of infection
• Has little or no improvement during the first week after the injury happens

If emergency care is not needed, follow these first aid steps:

• Keep the limb as still as possible.
• Apply a cold pack .
• Elevate the injured part if you can do so safely.
• Use NSAIDs for pain.
• Ask your provider about any other treatment for a sprain you might need.

First Aid for Nosebleeds

KidStock / Getty Images

Nosebleeds can have various causes. In children, the most common cause of a nosebleed is digital trauma—better known as picking your nose.

Other causes of a bloody nose include:

• Dry or hot air
• High altitudes
• Chemical fumes that irritate the nasal passages
• Colds and allergies
• Blowing your nose hard or often
• Trauma to the nose
• Deviated septum (crooked nasal cartilage)
• Nasal polyps (non-cancerous or cancerous growths in the nasal passage and sinuses) or nasal tumors
• Bleeding disorders (e.g., hemophilia and leukemia )
• High blood pressure
• Frequent use of nasal sprays, decongestants, and antihistamines
• Blood thinners (e.g. warfarin)
• Cocaine and other drugs that are inhaled or snorted

Many of these things dry out or damage the delicate membranes in your nostrils, causing them to get crusty and burst when irritated.

First aid for a nosebleed has a few simple steps.

If your nose is bleeding:

• Lean slightly forward, not back.
• Pinch your nose just below the bridge. It needs to be high enough that the nostrils are not pinched closed.
• After five minutes, check to see if the bleeding has stopped. If not, continue pinching and check after another 10 minutes.
• Apply a cold pack to the bridge of your nose while you’re pinching.

In some cases, you will need to let your provider know if you have a bloody nose.

Call your provider if:

• You get frequent nosebleeds.
• You have anemia symptoms (e.g., weakness, faintness, fatigue, and pale skin).
• You’re taking blood thinners.
• You have a clotting or bleeding disorder .
• You just started a new medication.
• You also have unusual bruising .

You might need to seek emergency medical care for a bloody nose.

Call 911 or go to the emergency room if:

• The bleeding will not stop even after more than 15 minutes of direct pressure.
• There is a lot of blood loss.
• You have a hard time breathing.
• You’ve swallowed a lot of blood and vomited it up.
• You’ve had a serious injury or a blow to the head .

First Aid for Frostbite

Dean Mitchell / Getty Images

Frostbite happens when the body’s tissues freeze deeply in the cold. This is the opposite of a burn, but the damage it does to your skin is almost the same.

Treating frostbite involves carefully and gradually warming the affected area. If at all possible, it should only be done by a medical professional. The most important reason to wait for rewarming is if there is any risk of refreezing.

If that’s not possible, or while you’re waiting for an ambulance, you can begin first aid for frostbite.

• Get out of the cold.
• Put the affected area in warm water (98 to 105 degrees) for 20 to 30 minutes.
• Do not rub the affected area.
• Do not use sources of dry heat (e.g., heating pads, fireplace).
• For fingers and toes, you can put clean cotton balls between them after they have warmed up.
• Loosely wrap the area with bandages.
• Use Tylenol (acetaminophen) or Advil (ibuprofen) for pain.
• Get medical attention as soon as possible.

For small areas of minor frostbite, you can also warm the area with skin-to-skin contact (putting your skin on someone else’s).

Get emergency treatment if the skin is hard and begins turning white.

First Aid for Bee Stings

HAYKIRDI / Getty Images

Bee stings can hurt a lot but are only a minor problem for many people. However, for people who are allergic to bee venom, a sting can be deadly.

An allergy can develop at any time—that’s why it’s important to always watch for an allergic reaction after a bee sting.

Signs of an allergic reaction to a sting include:

• Swelling away from the area that was stung
• Hives (raised, large red or skin-colored bumps)
• Signs of anaphylaxis (a life-threatening allergic reaction that can cause hives, swelling, chest pain, confusion, sweating, blue lips and nails, and trouble breathing)

Call 911 immediately or get the person to the hospital if they have signs of an allergic reaction to a bee sting.

If the person who was stung has a known allergy to bee stings, use an EpiPen to prevent anaphylaxis.

In someone without a known bee allergy, watch for signs of an allergy while you’re performing first aid:

• Get the stinger out immediately. This will prevent additional venom from getting into the person. To remove a stinger, it is best to use a straight-edged object such as a credit card to scrape the stinger out of the skin. Avoid squeezing the venom sac with tweezers or your fingers, as this can inject venom into the skin. 
• Wash the area with soap and water.
• Use a cold pack to help with the swelling at the site; however, do not apply ice directly to the skin. 
• Use an allergy medication or antihistamine (like Benadryl) to reduce swelling and itching. 

First aid kits are sold at many pharmacies and department stores, but you can also make your own. You should keep one in your vehicle and in your home.

A basic first-aid kit should contain:

• Adhesive bandages in multiple sizes and shapes
• Gauze pads in multiple sizes
• Compress dressings
• Adhesive cloth tape
• A roll of gauze
• Antiseptic wipes
• Antibiotic ointment
• Hydrocortisone ointment
• A breathing barrier for performing CPR
• An instant cold compress
• Baby aspirin
• An oral thermometer
• An emergency blanket

If you can get formal first aid training, that’s the best way to know what to do if a medical emergency happens to you, a loved one, or even a stranger.

Even without formal training, it helps to know the ABCs (airway, breathing, and circulation) and how to do CPR.

Attempting to provide first aid care is often better than doing nothing. Sometimes, acting quickly can save a person’s life.

Frequently Asked Questions

CPR, the Heimlich maneuver, and assessing and treating minor injuries like wounds, burns, sprains, and broken bones are common first aid procedures covered in a basic first aid course.

This is best left to healthcare professionals, as there are big risks to using a tourniquet—even when it’s done the right way. However, if direct pressure is not stopping the bleeding and a person’s life is in danger, anyone can make a tourniquet using a belt or torn piece of fabric.

American Red Cross. What is AED?

American Heart Association. Saving lives: why CPR AED training matter .

Charlton NP, Pellegrino JL, Kule A, et al. 2019 American Heart Association and American Red Cross focused update for first aid: presyncope: an update to the American Heart Association and American Red Cross guidelines for first aid . Circulation . 2019;140(24):e931-e938. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000730

AlSabah S, Al Haddad E, AlSaleh F. Stop the bleed campaign: a qualitative study from our experience from the middle east .  Ann Med Surg (Lond) . 2018;36:67-70. doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2018.10.013

Nemours Foundation. First aid: cuts .

National Library of Medicine. Bleeding .

Johns Hopkins Medicine. Choking: First aid and prevention .

National CPR Foundation. Choking, hypothermia & dehydration .

National Library of Medicine. Choking - infant under 1 year .

American Burn Association. Initial first aid treatment for minor burns .

National Library of Medicine. Burns .

Hyland EJ, Connolly SM, Fox JA, Harvey JG. Minor burn management: potions and lotions .  Aust Prescr . 2015;38(4):124-127. doi:10.18773/austprescr.2015.041

National Library of Medicine. Minor burn - aftercare .

Johns Hopkins Medicine. Blisters .

Michigan Medicine. Blister care .

National Library of Medicine. Broken bone .

Wheatley BM, Nappo KE, Christensen DL, Holman AM, Brooks DI, Potter BK.  Effect of NSAIDs on bone healing rates: a meta-analysis .  J Am Acad Orthop Surg . 2019;27(7):e330-e336. doi:10.5435/JAAOS-D-17-00727

American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Sprains, strains and Other soft-tissue injuries .

Nemours Foundation. First aid: strains and sprains .

Womack JP, Kropa J, Stabile MJ. Epistaxis: outpatient management . Am Fam Physician . 2018;98(4):240-5.

Nemours Foundation. Nosebleeds .

Beck R, Sorge M, Schneider A, Dietz A. Current approaches to epistaxis treatment in primary and secondary care .  Dtsch Arztebl Int . 2018;115(1-02):12-22. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2018.0012

Nemours Foundation. First aid: frostbite .

American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. Insect sting allergies .

American Red Cross. First aid steps .

Galante JM. Using Tourniquets to Stop Bleeding . JAMA. 2017 Apr 11;317(14):1490. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.8581

By Rod Brouhard, EMT-P Rod Brouhard is an emergency medical technician paramedic (EMT-P), journalist, educator, and advocate for emergency medical service providers and patients.

Introduction, Definition, Qualities, Aims, Scope of First Aid | Nursing - First Aid | 11th Nursing : Chapter 9 : First Aid

Chapter: 11th nursing : chapter 9 : first aid, introduction.

First aid to sick and wounded has been practiced since ancient times. But an organized world wide effort for giving first aid came only in the year 1877 with the formation of St. John ambulance association of England after the Great apostle of St. John.

In 1920, Red Cross Society of India was established. With more than 400 branches all over India, great success has been achieved in the improvement of health and prevention of diseases. Since then the universal need and utility of first aid has been increasing in this modern mechanized civilization.

Definition of First aid

·            First aid is simple medical treatment given the earliest possible to a person who is injured or who suddenly becomes ill.

·            First aid is the initial assistance or treatment given to a casualty for any injury or sudden illness before the arrival of an ambulance, doctor or other qualified person. First aid is not an end by itself. It indicates that the person is in need of a “ Secondary Aid”.

First Aider

The person who is trained to render emergency service on the spot until the medical aid is obtained is called a “ First Aider”.

Qualities of a First Aider.

·            Calm

·            Confident

·            Willing to offer assistance whenever necessary

Aims of first aid:

3Ps Preserve life

Prevent injuries /condition from worsening

Promote Recovery

Scope of First Aid

The scope of first aid includes

a)        Diagnosis

b)        Treatment

c)         Disposal of the case.

(a) Diagnosis

Know the possible cause of accident or sudden injury.

Gather information from casualty and bystanders.

Watch for symptoms like faintness, bleeding, thirst, pain or shivering

Watch for abnormal signs like swelling, paleness etc.

(b) Treatment

Remove the causative agent from the casuality eg. falling machinery, fire, electrical wire, poision etc.

(c) Disposal

Arrange for the safe transportation of the casuality to the care of a doctor or hospital as soon as possible.

Inform the family or relatives at once.

Related Topics

Privacy Policy , Terms and Conditions , DMCA Policy and Compliant

Copyright © 2018-2023 BrainKart.com; All Rights Reserved. Developed by Therithal info, Chennai.

Free Online First Aid, CPR and AED Training With Certificates

First Aid Quizzes Test your first aid knowledge

First aid quizzes.

We’ve written these free first aid quizzes so you can test your knowledge of first aid & CPR. Each first aid quiz is free to take and will display your total score and answer explanations at the end of the quiz.

A first aid quiz is a great way to test your knowledge of first aid, especially if you’ve just taken a first aid class or recently completed one of our free online first aid & CPR courses .

You can also use these free quizzes to revise for any upcoming first aid & CPR tests or exams. We’ve updated our questions to follow the latest CPR and first aid guidelines from the American Heart Association and European Resuscitation Council.

First Aid Principles Quiz

How well do you know your first aid basic principles? Test your knowledge with this quiz.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Quiz

Are you up to date with the latest CPR guidelines? Try this quiz and test your resuscitation knowledge.

Automated External Defibrillator (AED) Quiz

Test your knowledge of using a defibrillator

Medical Conditions Quiz

Common medical emergencies you need to know about as a first aider

Anatomy & Physiology Quiz

Test your Anatomy knowledge with this quick quiz!

Basic First Aid Quiz

Test your first aid knowledge with this basic first aid quiz.

EMT Quizzes

EMT Basic Quiz

A selection of clinical questions designed for Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs).

Want a free first aid certificate?

Our free online first aid course offers a free first aid certificate upon completion of all the modules.

Terms of Use

By using this website you agree to our medical disclaimer

This website is not a substitute for practical first aid training

Firstaidforfree.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases.

Insert/edit link

Enter the destination URL

Or link to existing content

• CREATIVE TEAM

• TRAVEL RECOMMENDATIONS
• FAMILY TRAVEL POSTS
• CURRENTLY READING
• OUTDOOR SCHOOL DIRECTORY
• FAVORITE GEAR

Teaching Basic First Aid to Kids

The more time you spend outside with your kids, the more likely we all are to encounter some sticky situations. Cuts, scrapes, burns, and bruises can happen. Even when we’re being careful. And as kids get older and more independent, they’re more likely to need some basic first aid knowledge and skills. Today, we have Creative Team member, mom of two and nurse, Ashley Greenhalgh here to give you a primer on teaching basic first aid to kids. Take a little time to familiarize yourself with the basics and then go over these practical first aid tips with your child. That way you can both be more confident and capable on your next outdoor adventure! 

{This post contains affiliate links}

Teaching basic first aid to kids

Whether we spend a little or a lot of time outside with our children, there comes a point when they will be venturing off on their own. We are trying to raise our kids to be kind, curious, thoughtful, and smart. We want them to make good decisions for themselves. But even when they do, injuries can happen. In that case, we want them to be as prepared as they can be to take care of themselves (and others).  Injuries and medical care can be intimidating for many people, but it doesn’t have to be. With a little knowledge, preparation, and forethought, you can prepare your kids to handle the basics of first aid. 

This article is designed to help your children help themselves. Whether that’s in an emergency scenario or an everyday situation where basic first aid is necessary. Teaching first aid to children is something that will make you and your children more safe and confident in the outdoors.

Outdoor injuries happen…

While enjoying an outdoor adventure, there are inherent risks. Kids playing outside are running, jumping, climbing, roasting marshmallows over a fire, crossing a river, riding bikes, and countless other amazing activities. These things foster creativity, independence, self-esteem as well as mental and physical health. Nothing comes more naturally to children than play. And we want nothing more than for them to enjoy these activities with full abandon! Yet, injuries do happen. 

When a child gets an injury while outside, usually, someone runs for an adult. But, wouldn’t it be amazing if your kids could properly care for their own minor injuries when there isn’t a knowledgeable adult nearby? Wouldn’t that give you more peace of mind and give your child more independence? 

This article will assist you in teaching your child some basic first aid. We’ll cover (1) how to treat minor injuries, (2) what skills to use, (3) kid-friendly first aid supplies, and (4) other helpful first aid tips. 

…so, don’t panic

First things first. If you can only teach your child ONE thing, it should be to stay calm in an emergency. When panic sets in, many times multiple people will be injured instead of just one. Things can go from bad to much worse if you panic. Injuries can be scary, so staying calm is easier said than done. But, with a little advanced preparation and knowledge, it’s much easier to keep your cool. 

In any situation, the first and most important thing to do is to assess the situation. When something scary happens, one way to slow down panic is to count backward in your head before acting. “Three, two, one… ACT.” This allows just enough time for your brain to assess what needs to be done and cut down on mistakes. Also, practicing deep breathing (big breath in through your nose, out through your mouth) can have a calming effect on our bodies. 

Roleplay with your kids to prepare

One of the best ways to teach children first aid is through scenarios and role play. Be aware that scenarios involving mom or dad getting hurt can cause anxiety in children; so try to keep it light-hearted and not super scary. Explain the situation and ask your child what to do first. Always remind them to take some time to fully assess the situation and think about it before acting or blurting out an action plan. This will remind your child to stop the panic and think.

Teaching kids to care for scrapes and cuts 

While jumping on rocks, climbing trees, or making marshmallow sticks; scrapes and cuts are some of the most common injuries of children. Most of these will be minor and washing with soap and water and keeping it clean will aid in healing.

Simple steps for taking care of a cut:

• Stay calm and assess the situation.
• If there is major bleeding, immediately ca ll for help and apply pressure to the area to stop the bleeding. 
• If the injury is not major, apply pressure (usually just a few minutes) to stop bleeding and allow the body to form a clot.
• Clean the area with soap and water if available, if not wipe with an alcohol wipe or iodine swab and let dry.
• Apply an antibiotic ointment.
•  Apply a clean bandage or piece of gauze (secure with tape or Tegaderm), as needed.

If there is a laceration that is deep and won’t stop bleeding after applying pressure, a SteriStrip may be necessary. A SteriStrip can be used in place of stitches in a pinch. Say your child fell and hit her head on a rock and now has a two-inch long gash that is 2cm deep and looks like it will need stitches. Now imagine you’re three hours from an urgent care or ER. A SteriStrip will do wonders until you can seek proper medical attention. 

Steps to apply a SteriStrip:

• As previously stated, apply pressure to get the bleeding to stop or slow enough to apply the bandage.
• Clean the area as much as possible with soap and water and/or sterile gauze.
• Open the SteriStrip and measure the length of the cut and cut the appropriate number of strips that match the wound length.
• Remove the backing from one side of the SteriStrip and apply the adhesive to one side of the cut.
• When the adhesive has attached to the skin, pull the other side of the Steristrips across the laceration (this will close the wound)
• Remove the backing and press to adhere the other side to the skin. 

We recommend keeping SteriStrips in your first aid kit and practice using them (and let the kids practice) before you ever need to use them in real life.

How to treat minor burns

What is camping without a fire? We all love sitting around a campfire, telling stories and roasting marshmallows! These nostalgic moments can be cut short if someone touches a burning stick or spills a hot meal or drink on themselves. A burn is essentially your flesh cooking, and it is very painful. To stop the pain, you must stop the cooking.

Your first instinct may be to run to the nearest ice-cold stream and place the affected body part in the water. However, you can actually do more harm that way. Very cold water can constrict the bloodflow and cause damage to the surrounding tissues.

If you or your child gets a small burn, apply a clean, cool (but not ice cold) wet towel or sheet to the affected area to cool it down and keep it clean. Do not apply a tight dressing over a burn, as it can attach to the flesh and peel away tissue upon removal. 

Clear away any hanging or dead tissue with clean scissors or nail clippers. Then, apply an antibiotic ointment, and a clean dry bandage or gauze. This only applies to small burns. For larger and more serious burns, you need to seek medical attention right away.

Burn prevention

Prevention of burns is something worthwhile to teach children. Some burn prevention basics are:

• “Stop, drop, and roll” if their clothes catch on fire.
• When pouring hot liquids, set the cup or bowl on a hard, stable surface to reduce the risk of tipping the liquid over.
• Emphasis walking around fires and stoves, no running or jumping close to a fire.
• Never touch items used for cooking without a potholder (they could be hot).

Also, be aware of basic (and sometimes innocuous looking items) that can cause burns. If you’ve used a JetBoil (amazing and so convenient when camping!), you know how benign this piece of equipment can look. It’s small, quiet, and the flame is tiny. However, there are metal elements that heat quickly and can cause burns. We love our JetBoil , but it can be very dangerous for little ones.

Be aware and cautious about any item that gets hot or is used in cooking. If you get new camping cooking equipment, be sure to test it out and know how it works before letting your kids try it. It is so fun to learn about a new piece of equipment together – review the dangers and read the instructions. 

How to handle a twisted ankle 

Unfortunately, twisted ankles (ligaments stretching or tearing) are a common injury for children and adults. Running, jumping, climbing, hiking, skiing, snowshoeing, you name it…all put you at an elevated risk for a sprained ankle. Getting your children into the habit of wearing stable footwear while enjoying outdoor activities is the best way to prevent such injuries.

However, if you or your child gets injured, these steps can help them get to medical care safely. 

First, have them sit in a safe place and take off their shoes and socks. This allows you to look at both feet and ankles together – for comparison. The injured ankle may be bruised or swollen, and painful. 

Check for a broken bone. If there is an obvious deformity that would likely indicate a broken bone, you’ll need to call for help to have the injured person evacuated or taken to a medical facility for care. Keep the injury resting with no pressure put on it. 

If there is not an obvious broken bone, apply ice or a cold pack for 20 minutes. This can help with swelling and pain. Another option would be to place the foot and ankle in a cold stream or lake – the cold water will do the same thing. 

Next, elevate the affected area. If you’re sitting on the ground, rest the sprained foot up on a backpack, for example. This will also help reduce swelling. 

After a period of rest, the next step is to assess the range of motion. Move the foot up and down, and side to side. If there is minimal pain and swelling, and if the person can move the ankle through the full range of motion, likely the injury can be treated in the field with athletic tape and you can head back to your home or vehicle to continue resting. Or if you have a SamSplint (more on this near the end of the article), you can use that. 

How to tape up a twisted ankle

Step 1: To tape an unstable ankle, first, wrap a piece of tape completely around the leg about two inches above the ankle bone. This is called the landmark tape.

Step 1 – Apply athletic tape as a landmark; 2 inches above ankle bone

Step 2: Apply three additional pieces of tape in a U-shape (like a stirrup) to support the foot. Start at the landmark tape, then pull the tape below the foot and up the other side. Cut the tape and repeat twice, overlapping the tape.

Step 2 – Apply athletic tape stirrup

Step 3: Apply three additional strips of tape in a J-shape for additional stability. Again, start at the landmark tape on the uninjured side of the leg, pull the tape down below the foot, over the top of the foot and secure back where you started the J-shape. Repeat this two more times, overlapping the tape. 

Step 3 – Apply athletic tape in a J-shape. Repeat three times.

Step 4: Apply athletic tape in a figure-eight. Start where the J-shape begins. Pull the tape below the foot, up the opposite side of the foot, over the top and around the back of the ankle, then over the top again and attach. Repeat this two additional times, overlapping the tape.   Ensure that the injured person’s toes are pink, can wiggle, and they can feel them. This is known as “CMS” – circulation, motor, sensory.

When comfortable, walk out slowly, and seek additional medical treatment if needed. If the foot is not too swollen, the shoe can be worn for the walk out. 

Again, this is an activity you can practice at home (while safe and calm) before ever having to use these skills out in a real-life situation. Practicing taping an ankle will give your kids confidence to know exactly what to do in case the situation ever arises. 

How to treat a bloody nose 

More than likely, either you or your child has experienced a bloody nose at some point. You’ve probably heard many different tactics on how to stop a bloody nose. The problem is, many of the previous recommendations (tilting your head back, for example) can result in swallowing blood. This can result in your child throwing up. Our bodies do not like blood in our stomachs, and as a result, it will force itself to expel the blood. 

The better and easiest way to stop a bloody nose is to sit down, lean your head slightly forward, and pinch your nose just below the bridge (where you can feel the bony area stop and the cartilage (the soft tissue that forms your nostrils). Continue to apply pressure for about 5 minutes until the bleeding stops. Many times, this is enough time for a clot to form. Try not to be alarmed when you attempt to remove the tissue and a large clot pulls away from the nostril. This is normal. If the bloody nose cannot be stopped after trying this technique, please seek medical attention. 

First aid kit for kids 

Teaching kids first aid tips and techniques is one thing. If you want your children to feel not only cool but also confident in their first aid abilities, let them take some basic first aid supplies along with them on their adventures. We have put together first aid kits for our girls and they love being able to help others or themselves when someone has an injury. This list of items can easily fit into a daypack and can treat most minor injuries. 

Top row (left to right): Tegaderm, Ace Bandage, tweezers, Welly first aid kit Middle row: gauze, Steristrip, SamSplint, iodine swab, antibiotic ointment Bottom row: alcohol swabs, small scissors, athletic tape, and contact solution

Make your own first aid kit for kids

Tegaderm – Tegaderm bandages are incredibly useful if you have an injury in an area that may get wet. They are clear and gentle on the skin, and also water-resistant! Say you have a cut and have cleaned it well, but will be out camping for a couple more days. If you put a Tegaderm bandage over clean gauze for a cut, it will stay on, keep moisture out of the area, and you can see any redness (a sign of infection) through the bandage. After a few days, you can gently peel the Tegaderm off in the shower. I’ve used these extensively throughout my career as a nurse, and I cannot recommend these enough. 

Ace bandage – As mentioned above, Ace bandages would be applied over a splint or large bandage to reduce mobility and can provide some compression. 

Multipurpose tool – A good multipurpose tool provides tweezers, a knife, and small scissors all in one compact tool. These are great for removing splinters and hang nails, and cutting gauze or athletic tape. 

Welly Kits – We love the Welly Kits . The adorable metal container includes first aid basics such as bandages for small cuts, antibiotic cream, hand sanitizer, and hydrocortisone cream. I start with these kits and leave a few of those items in the container, then add a few more items to it to make it even more functional. The container keeps everything secure and dry when in a larger kit or backpack.

Burn bandages  – These handy bandages are great for protecting a scalding burn.

Gauze – It’s definitely worth carrying some gauze with you when adventuring outside. Usually, gauze is individually wrapped (to keep sterile), great for cleaning wounds and applying to cuts/ abrasions on top of antibiotic ointment. You can then apply a Tegaderm directly on top of the gauze to keep it in place or apply another type of bandage. 

SteriStrips – As previously stated, SteriStrips are great alternative to stitches when you’re away from medical help. Apply pressure to the cut to get the bleeding to stop. Clean the area as much as possible with soap and water and/or sterile gauze. Open the SteriStrips , measure the length of the cut and cut the appropriate number of strips that match the wound length. Remove the backing from one side of the SteriStrips and apply the adhesive to one side of the cut. When the adhesive has attached to the skin, pull the other side of the SteriStrips across the laceration to close the wound. Remove the backing and press to adhere the other side to the skin. 

SamSplint – I learned about the SamSplint a few years ago when I earned my Advanced Wilderness Life Support certification. These things are amazing! You can splint an arm, ankle, wrist, etc. so quickly! They even have instructions printed right on the front! Use the SamSplint , then apply an Ace Bandage to keep the splint in place while you evacuate the area and get to professional medical care. When splinting a bone, remember the anatomical position. For example, our youngest broke her radius and ulna a few weeks ago after a fall. The correct way to splint the area was to have her bend her elbow, then support the broken bones from beneath. This not only provides a degree of pain relief, but aids in appropriate healing. 

Alcohol wipes or Iodine swabs – Both are a great option for cleaning injuries. You will want to choose alcohol wipes if you have an iodine allergy, or vice versa. In a pinch, smelling an alcohol wipe can also decrease nausea. Make sure to remove any debris from the injury with clean hands or a tweezer. Then wipe the area with either an alcohol wipe or Iodine swab. Let the area dry, then apply the appropriate bandage or dressing. 

Antibiotic ointment – After cleaning a cut, abrasion, small burn, or other minor injury, apply antibiotic ointment directly to the CLEAN DRESSING (bandage, gauze, etc.). DO NOT apply directly to the skin, as you can contaminate the entire tube of ointment if you touch the container to the skin. Antibiotic ointment will help kill any germs that are present on the skin. 

Athletic tape – This can be used to secure a bandage or dressing, to splint a sprained ankle, or fix that hole in your tent! Talk about multipurpose! 

Contact solution – A few weeks ago, we were playing down by a river with some friends and one of the kiddos, unfortunately, got sand in her eye. If you’ve ever had a corneal abrasion, you know how painful it can be! Luckily we had some contact solution on hand and we squeezed it into the girl’s eye and were able to remove the sand before it did any major damage. A travel-sized container of contact solution works well. I’ll always carry one in my first aid kit now. 

First Aid Guide – Last but definitely not least, is a First Aid Guide . It’s a great addition to any outdoor adventure to assist with any first aid you or your children may need. Adrenaline can sometimes get in the way of logic, so a book for reference is a great item to have on hand. This one is not only lightweight but waterproof! 

First aid lessons for kids

Teaching first aid basics to kids is a great step in raising strong, capable, confident, and helpful children. I hope this article was informative and will help you (and your child) feel more prepared for your next outing! Educating your child about outdoor safety, injury prevention and treatment is so important. Plus, having a first aid kit equipped with the right supplies can make or break a trip. I wish you all happy and safe trails. And if you or your child are injured, I hope you now feel more confident to handle it!

Take care, Ashley (RN)

About the author

Ashley is an RN certified in Advanced Wilderness Life Support, Advanced Cardiac Life Support, and Pediatric Advanced Life Support. She’s a nature-loving mother of two who is passionate about outdoor education for parents and their children. Ashley grew up in Alaska, where her family spent most of their time outdoors fishing, camping, skiing, and hiking. She currently lives with her husband and children near the Sierra Nevada Mountains and Lake Tahoe, where they can be found outdoors year-round; hiking, backpacking, biking, skiing, and camping. She is also very passionate about photography and owns a small photography business. You can find more from Ashley in the following online locations: Instagram:  @sage.and.summit Website:  Sage & Summit Photography RWMC posts: Ashley Greenhalgh

More like this

19 comments.

We need to acknowledged with the first aid and what our next step for a help provided to a friend, colleague. This is fantastic you’ve been exploring some tips for the first aid. Even If I’m writing my assignment for my teacher but I decided to pay attention on the information provided above. Thank you!

Came here for this after hearing you on the podcast, thank you so much for this post and the product recommendations! I’ll definitely be having this talk with my kiddos now.

• Pingback: Life Skills to Teach Kids from ages 3-18 | Hustle and Homeschool
• Pingback: 12 Essential Life Skills That Will Equip Your Kids For the Real World | Free Printable
• Pingback: Disaster / Emergency Preparedness; How to build an emergency kit, South Texas Hurricane Guide, basic first aid, and more useful resources – Surviving Seasons
• Pingback: Practical Life Skills You Can Teach Your Kids Through Homeschooling - True USA
• Pingback: Practical Life Skills You Can Teach Your Kids Through Homeschooling – Million Voices USA
• Pingback: Những kỹ năng sống bạn có thể dạy trẻ thông qua homeschooling (giáo dục tại nhà)  - Epoch Times Tiếng Việt
• Pingback: 8 Easy Ways To Teach Your Kids First Aid – ARASCA Medical Equipment Trading LLC

Great information. I am a paramedic and have to teach a 30-minute lecture to a group of 5th and 6th grade girls at our church Pioneer Girls club. Was looking for some basics to get me started. This is perfect. Thanks!

• Pingback: Packing Tips for a Day at the Beach with Kids • RUN WILD MY CHILD
• Pingback: Mental Health and Parenting Outdoors • RUN WILD MY CHILD
• Pingback: September Homeschool Unit Study Ideas (Fun Holidays) - Must Love Lists
• Pingback: Ultimate List of Outdoor Gear for Kids • RUN WILD MY CHILD
• Pingback: Why First Aid is important in Schools | Fitness Elements
• Pingback: How to Teach Your Kids About First Aid Kits and Safety | Top 3 Methods
• Pingback: Supporting Your Child's Health Each and Every Day - Little Helpers In Life
• Pingback: Exciting Homeschool Skills to Enrich Your Child's Education
• Pingback: 12 Essential Skills That Will Equip Your Kids For the Real World – ColourByCode

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Subscribe and Follow

Recent Posts

Follow us on Instagram

Introduction

What to do after an incident, the recovery position.

Every year in the UK, thousands of people die or are seriously injured in incidents. Many deaths could be prevented if first aid is given before emergency services arrive.

If someone is injured you should:

• first check that you and the casualty aren’t in any danger, and, if possible, make the situation safe
• if necessary, phone 999 for an ambulance when it’s safe to do so
• carry out basic first aid

Read more about  what to do after an incident .

If someone is unconscious and breathing

If a person is unconscious but breathing, and has no other injuries that would stop them being moved, place them in the  recovery position  until help arrives.

Keep them under observation to ensure they continue to breathe normally, and don’t obstruct their airway.

If someone is unconscious and not breathing

If a person isn’t breathing normally after an incident, phone an ambulance and start CPR straight away. Use hands-only CPR if you aren’t trained to perform rescue breaths.

Read more about CPR , including instructions and a video about hands-only CPR.

Common accidents and emergencies

Below, in alphabetical order, are some of the most common injuries that need emergency treatment in the UK and information about how to deal with them:

• anaphylaxis (or anaphylactic shock)
• burns and scalds   
• choking  
• drowning  
• electric shock (domestic)  
• fractures  
• heart attack 
• poisoning  
• shock  

Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis (or anaphylactic shock)  is a severe allergic reaction that can occur after an  insect sting  or after eating certain foods. The adverse reaction can be very fast, occurring within seconds or minutes of coming into contact with the substance the person is allergic to (allergen).

During anaphylactic shock, it may be difficult for the person to breathe, as their tongue and throat may swell, obstructing their airway.

Phone 999 immediately if you think someone is experiencing anaphylactic shock.

Check if the person is carrying any medication. Some people who know they have severe allergies may carry an adrenaline self-injector, which is a type of pre-loaded syringe. You can either help the person administer their medication or, if you’re trained to do so, give it to them yourself.

After the injection, continue to look after the person until medical help arrives. All casualties who have had an intramuscular or subcutaneous (under the skin) injection of adrenaline must be seen and medically checked by a healthcare professional as soon as possible after the injection has been given.

Make sure they’re comfortable and can breathe as best they can while waiting for medical help to arrive. If they’re conscious, sitting upright is normally the best position for them.

Read more about  treating anaphylaxis .

If someone is bleeding heavily, the main aim is to prevent further blood loss and minimise the effects of shock .

First, phone 999 and ask for an ambulance as soon as possible.

If you have disposable gloves, use them to reduce the risk of any infection being passed on.

Check that there’s nothing embedded in the wound. If there is, take care not to press down on the object.

Instead, press firmly on either side of the object and build up padding around it before bandaging, to avoid putting pressure on the object itself.

If nothing is embedded:

• apply and maintain pressure to the wound with your gloved hand, using a clean pad or dressing if possible; continue to apply pressure until the bleeding stops 
• use a clean dressing to bandage the wound firmly
• if bleeding continues through the pad, apply pressure to the wound until the bleeding stops and then apply another pad over the top and bandage it in place; don’t remove the original pad or dressing, but continue to check that the bleeding has stopped 

If a body part, such as a finger, has been severed, place it in a plastic bag or wrap it in cling film and make sure it goes with the casualty to hospital.

Always seek medical help for bleeding unless it’s minor.

If someone has a  nosebleed  that hasn’t stopped after 20 minutes, go to  your nearest accident and emergency (A&E) department .

Read more about  how to treat minor bleeding from cuts and grazes  and  how to treat nosebleeds .

Haemostatic dressings and tourniquets

In certain situations, where bleeding is very severe and from the body’s extremities, such as the head, neck and torso, it may be appropriate to use haemostatic dressings or a tourniquet.

Haemostatic dressings contain properties that help the blood to clot (thicken) quicker. A tourniquet is a band that’s wrapped tightly around a limb to stop blood loss. Haemostatic dressings and tourniquets should only be used by people who have been trained to apply them.

Burns and scalds

If someone has a burn or scald:

• cool the burn as quickly as possible with cool running water for at least 10 minutes, or until the pain is relieved
• phone 999 or seek medical help, if needed
• while cooling the burn, carefully remove any clothing or jewellery, unless it’s attached to the skin
• if you’re cooling a large burnt area, particularly in babies, children and elderly people, be aware that it may cause hypothermia (it may be necessary to stop cooling the burn to avoid hypothermia) 
• cover the burn loosely with cling film; if cling film isn’t available, use a clean, dry dressing or non-fluffy material; don’t wrap the burn tightly, because swelling may lead to further injury
• don’t apply creams, lotions or sprays to the burn

For chemical burns, wear protective gloves, remove any affected clothing, and rinse the burn with cool running water for at least 20 minutes to wash out the chemical. If possible, determine the cause of the injury.

In certain situations where a chemical is regularly handled, a specific chemical antidote may be available to use.

Be careful not to contaminate and injure yourself with the chemical, and wear protective clothing if necessary.

Phone 999 for immediate medical help.

Read more about  how to treat burns and scalds .

The information below is for choking in adults and children over 1 year old.

Mild choking

If the airway is only partly blocked, the person will usually be able to speak, cry, cough or breathe. In situations like this, a person will usually be able to clear the blockage themselves.

If choking is mild:

• encourage the person to cough to try to clear the blockage
• ask them to try to spit out the object if it’s in their mouth
• don’t put your fingers in their mouth to help them because they may accidentally bite you

If coughing doesn’t work, start back blows.

Severe choking 

If choking is severe, the person won’t be able to speak, cry, cough or breathe, and without help they’ll eventually become unconscious.

To help an adult or child over 1 year old:

• Stand behind the person and slightly to one side. Support their chest with one hand. Lean the person forward so that the object blocking their airway will come out of their mouth, rather than moving further down.
• Give up to 5 sharp blows between the person’s shoulder blades with the heel of your hand (the heel is between the palm of your hand and your wrist).
• Check if the blockage has cleared.
• If not, give up to 5 abdominal thrusts.

Abdominal thrusts shouldn’t be used on babies under 1 year old, pregnant women or obese people.

To perform abdominal thrusts on a person who is severely choking and isn’t in one of the above groups:

• Stand behind the person who is choking.
• Place your arms around their waist and bend them well forward.
• Clench one fist and place it just above the person’s belly button.
• Place your other hand on top of your fist and pull sharply inwards and upwards.
• Repeat this up to 5 times.

The aim is to get the obstruction out with each chest thrust, rather than necessarily doing all 5.

If the obstruction doesn’t clear after 3 cycles of back blows and chest thrusts, phone 999 to ask for an ambulance, and continue until help arrives.

The person choking should always be seen by a healthcare professional afterwards to check for any injuries or small pieces of the obstruction that remain.

If someone is in difficulty in water, don’t enter the water to help unless it’s absolutely essential.

Once the person is on land, if they’re not breathing, open the airway and give 5 initial rescue breaths before starting CPR. If you’re alone, perform CPR for 1 minute before phoning for emergency help.

Find out how to give CPR, including rescue breaths.

If the person is unconscious but still breathing, put them into the  recovery position  with their head lower than their body and phone an ambulance immediately.

Continue to observe the casualty to ensure they don’t stop breathing or that their airway becomes obstructed.

Electric shock (domestic)

If someone has had an electric shock, switch off the electrical current at the mains to break the contact between the person and the electrical supply.

If you can’t reach the mains supply:

• don’t go near or touch the person until you’re sure the electrical supply has been switched off  
• once the power supply has been switched off, and if the person isn’t breathing, phone 999 for an ambulance

Afterwards, seek medical help – unless the electric shock is very minor.

It can be difficult to tell if a person has a broken bone or a joint, as opposed to a simple muscular injury. If you’re in any doubt, treat the injury as a broken bone.

If the person is unconscious, has difficulty breathing or is bleeding severely, these must be dealt with first, by controlling the bleeding with direct pressure and  performing CPR .

If the person is conscious, prevent any further pain or damage by keeping the fracture as still as possible until you get them safely to hospital.

Assess the injury and decide whether the best way to get them to hospital is by ambulance or car. For example, if the pain isn’t too severe, you could transport them to hospital by car. It’s always best to get someone else to drive, so that you can deal with the casualty if they deteriorate – for example, if they lose consciousness as a result of the pain or start to vomit.

However, if:

• they’re in a lot of pain and in need of strong painkilling medication, don’t move them and phone an ambulance
• it’s obvious they have a broken leg, don’t move them, but keep them in the position you found them in and phone an ambulance
• you suspect they have injured or broken their back, don’t move them and phone an ambulance

Don’t give the casualty anything to eat or drink, because they may need an anaesthetic (numbing medication) when they reach hospital.

Heart attack

A  heart attack  is one of the most common life-threatening heart conditions in the UK.

If you think a person is having, or has had, a heart attack, sit them down and make them as comfortable as possible, and phone 999 for an ambulance.

Symptoms of a heart attack  include:

• chest pain – the pain is usually located in the centre or left side of the chest and can feel like a sensation of pressure, tightness or squeezing
• pain in other parts of the body – it can feel as if the pain is travelling from the chest down one or both arms, or into the jaw, neck, back or abdomen (tummy) 

Sit the person down and make them comfortable.

If they’re conscious, reassure them and ask them to take a 300mg aspirin tablet to chew slowly (unless you know they shouldn’t take aspirin – for example, if they’re under 16 or allergic to it).

If the person has any medication for  angina , such as a spray or tablets, help them to take it. Monitor their vital signs, such as breathing, until help arrives.

If the person deteriorates and becomes unconscious, open their airway, check their breathing and, if necessary, start  CPR . Re-alert the emergency services that the casualty is now in cardiac arrest.

Poisoning is potentially life-threatening. Most cases of poisoning in the UK happen when a person has swallowed a toxic substance, such as bleach, taken an overdose of a prescription medication, or eaten wild plants and fungi. Alcohol poisoning can cause similar symptoms.

If you think someone has swallowed a poisonous substance, phone 999 to get immediate medical help and advice.

The effects of poisoning depend on the substance swallowed, but can include vomiting, loss of consciousness, pain or a burning sensation. The following advice is important:

• Find out what’s been swallowed, so you can tell the paramedic or doctor.
• Do not give the person anything to eat or drink unless a healthcare professional advises you to.
• Do not try to cause vomiting.
• Stay with the person, because their condition may get worse and they could become unconscious.

If the person becomes unconscious while you’re waiting for help to arrive, check for breathing and, if necessary,  perform CPR .

Don’t perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation if the casualty’s mouth or airway is contaminated with the poison.

Don’t leave them if they’re unconscious because they may roll onto their back, which could cause them to vomit. The vomit could then enter their lungs and make them choke.

If the casualty is conscious and breathing normally, put them into the recovery position and continue to monitor their conscious state and breathing.

In the case of a serious injury or illness, it’s important to look out for signs of shock.

Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the circulatory system fails to provide enough oxygenated blood to the body and, as a result, deprives the vital organs of oxygen.

This is usually due to severe blood loss, but it can also occur after severe burns, severe vomiting, a heart attack, bacterial infection or a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis).

The type of shock described here isn’t the same as the emotional response of feeling shocked, which can also occur after an accident.

Signs of shock include:

• pale, cold, clammy skin
• rapid, shallow breathing
• weakness and dizziness
• feeling sick and possibly vomiting

Seek medical help immediately if you notice that someone has any of the above signs of shock. If they do, you should:

• phone 999 as soon as possible and ask for an ambulance
• treat any obvious injuries
• lie the person down if their injuries allow you to and, if possible, raise and support their legs
• use a coat or blanket to keep them warm
• don’t give them anything to eat or drink
• give them lots of comfort and reassurance
• monitor the person – if they stop breathing, start  CPR  and re-alert the emergency services

The FAST guide is the most important thing to remember when dealing with people who have had a  stroke . The earlier they receive treatment, the better. Phone for emergency medical help straight away.

If you think a person has had a stroke, use the FAST guide:

• Facial weakness – is the person unable to smile evenly, or are their eyes or mouth droopy?
• Arm weakness – is the person only able to raise one arm?
• Speech problems – is the person unable to speak clearly or understand you?
• Time to phone 999 – for emergency help if a person has any of these symptoms

Read more about the  symptoms of a stroke .

If someone is injured in an incident, first check that you and the casualty aren’t in any danger. If you are, make the situation safe.

When it’s safe to do so, assess the casualty and, if necessary, phone 999 for an ambulance. You can then carry out basic first aid.

Assessing a casualty

The 3 priorities when dealing with a casualty are commonly referred to as ABC, which stands for:

Circulation

If the casualty appears unresponsive, ask them loudly if they’re OK and if they can open their eyes. If they respond, you can leave them in the position they’re in until help arrives. While you wait, keep checking their breathing, pulse and level of response:

• are they alert?
• do they respond to your voice?
• do they respond to pain?
• is there no response to any stimulus (are they unconscious)?

If there’s no response, leave the casualty in the position they’re in and open their airway. If this isn’t possible in the position they’re in, gently lay them on their back and open their airway.

To open the airway, place one hand on the casualty’s forehead and gently tilt their head back, lifting the tip of the chin using 2 fingers. This moves the tongue away from the back of the throat. Don’t push on the floor of the mouth, as this will push the tongue upwards and obstruct the airway.

If you think the person may have a spinal injury, place your hands on either side of their head and use your fingertips to gently lift the angle of the jaw forward and upwards, without moving the head, to open the airway. Take care not to move the casualty’s neck. However, opening the airway takes priority over a neck injury. This is known as the jaw thrust technique.

To check if a person is still breathing:

• look to see if their chest is rising and falling
• listen over their mouth and nose for breathing sounds 
• feel their breath against your cheek for 10 seconds

If they’re breathing normally, place them in  the recovery position  so their airway remains clear of obstructions and continue to monitor normal breathing. Gasping or irregular breathing is not normal breathing.

If the casualty isn’t breathing, phone 999 or 112 for an ambulance and then begin  CPR .

If the casualty isn’t breathing normally, then you must start chest compressions immediately.

Agonal breathing is common in the first few minutes after a sudden cardiac arrest (when the heart stops beating). Agonal breathing is sudden, irregular gasps of breath. This shouldn’t be mistaken for normal breathing and CPR should be given straight away.

This page provides information and guidance about hands-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and CPR with rescue breaths.

Hands-only CPR

To carry out a chest compression:

• Place the heel of your hand on the breastbone at the centre of the person’s chest. Place your other hand on top of your first hand and interlock your fingers.
• Position yourself with your shoulders above your hands.
• Using your body weight (not just your arms), press straight down by 5 to 6cm (2 to 2.5 inches) on their chest.
• Keeping your hands on their chest, release the compression and allow the chest to return to its original position.
• Repeat these compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 times per minute until an ambulance arrives or you become exhausted.

When you phone for an ambulance, telephone systems now exist that can give basic life-saving instructions, including advice about CPR. These are now common and are easily accessible with mobile phones.

CPR with rescue breaths

If you’ve been trained in CPR, including rescue breaths, and feel confident using your skills, you should give chest compressions with rescue breaths. If you’re not completely confident, attempt hands-only CPR instead.

• Place the heel of your hand on the centre of the person’s chest, then place the other hand on top and press down by 5 to 6cm (2 to 2.5 inches) at a steady rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute.
• After every 30 chest compressions, give 2 rescue breaths.
• Tilt the casualty’s head gently and lift the chin up with 2 fingers. Pinch the person’s nose. Seal your mouth over their mouth and blow steadily and firmly into their mouth for about 1 second. Check that their chest rises. Give 2 rescue breaths.
• Continue with cycles of 30 chest compressions and two rescue breaths until they begin to recover or emergency help arrives.

Children over 1 year old

• Open the child’s airway by placing 1 hand on the child’s forehead and gently tilting their head back and lifting the chin. Remove any visible obstructions from the mouth and nose.
• Pinch their nose. Seal your mouth over their mouth and blow steadily and firmly into their mouth, checking that their chest rises. Give 5 initial rescue breaths.
• Place the heel of 1 hand on the centre of their chest and push down by 5cm (about 2 inches), which is approximately one-third of the chest diameter. The quality (depth) of chest compressions is very important. Use 2 hands if you can’t achieve a depth of 5cm using one hand.
• After every 30 chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute, give 2 breaths.
• Continue with cycles of 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths until they begin to recover or emergency help arrives.

Infants under 1 year old

• Open the infant’s airway by placing 1 hand on their forehead and gently tilting the head back and lifting the chin. Remove any visible obstructions from the mouth and nose.
• Place your mouth over the mouth and nose of the infant and blow steadily and firmly into their mouth, checking that their chest rises. Give 5 initial rescue breaths.
• Place 2 fingers in the middle of the chest and push down by 4cm (about 1.5 inches), which is approximately one-third of the chest diameter. The quality (depth) of chest compressions is very important. Use the heel of 1 hand if you can’t achieve a depth of 4cm using the tips of 2 fingers.
• After 30 chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute, give 2 rescue breaths.

If a person is unconscious but is breathing and has no other life-threatening conditions, they should be placed in the recovery position.

Putting someone in the recovery position will keep their airway clear and open. It also ensures that any vomit or fluid won’t cause them to choke.

You can follow these steps:

• with the person lying on their back, kneel on the floor at their side
• place the arm nearest you at a right angle to their body with their hand upwards, towards the head
• tuck their other hand under the side of their head, so that the back of their hand is touching their cheek
• bend the knee farthest from you to a right angle
• carefully roll the person onto their side by pulling on the bent knee
• the top arm should be supporting the head and the bottom arm will stop you rolling them too far
• open their airway by gently tilting their head back and lifting their chin, and check that nothing is blocking their airway
• stay with the person and monitor their condition until help arrives

Spinal injury

If you think a person may have a spinal injury, don’t attempt to move them until the emergency services reach you.

If it’s necessary to open their airway, place your hands on either side of their head and gently lift their jaw with your fingertips to open the airway. Take care not to move their neck.

You should suspect a spinal injury if the person:

• has been involved in an incident that’s directly affected their spine, such as a fall from height or being struck directly in the back
• complains of severe pain in their neck or back
• won’t move their neck
• feels weak, numb or paralysed
• has lost control of their limbs, bladder or bowels

Source: NHS 24 - Opens in new browser window

Last updated: 09 February 2023

Help us improve NHS inform

Your feedback has been received

Don’t include personal information e.g. name, location or any personal health conditions.

Other health sites

• Resuscitation Council (UK)
• St John Ambulance: First aid training courses
• RoSPA: accident prevention
• St. Andrews First Aid
• Child Accident Prevention Trust

First Aid toolbox talk

A simple, 5 minute outline of what to cover in a toolbox talk on First Aid.

Download a First Aid toolbox talk pdf

A simple, 5-minute outline of what to cover in a toolbox talk on first aid in the workplace.

Regardless of how many safety procedures are put into place in a workplace, it is almost certain that, at some point, an accident will occur. When accidents happen, you must understand basic first aid policies so that help can be given to the injured worker safely and effectively.

In this toolbox talk, we will discuss what you need to know about first aid in the workplace and what to do when first aid is required to be given to a worker on site. Working together, we can ensure a much safer workplace.

Why Run a First Aid Toolbox Talk?

• We want you to be prepared in the event of an accident that requires first aid to be administered to an injured person .
• We want you to know the proper procedures when accidents occur in the workplace.
• In many cases, the faster first aid can be administered, the less harm will be caused to the person who is injured.

What You Need to Know About First Aid

Every staff member on the worksite should be aware of first aid basics, even if they are not a designated first aid provider.

At a minimum, you need to understand these first aid basics:

• You must know the procedure if you come across an injured co-worker on the worksite (you will need to discuss your company’s specific policy).
• Be aware of what actions you should take if you have injured yourself. This isn’t just in the event of an accident with minor injuries that requires first aid or more serious medical attention—every accident needs to be reported.
• Be aware of who to contact in the event of accidents if you require first aid. There should be multiple people responsible for on-site first aid in case the first contact is unavailable.
• Know where first aid kits are located on the worksite.
• You need to be able to accurately give your location in the event of an accident so that emergency services can be deployed promptly.

Be Prepared for Accidents

If an emergency occurs on the worksite, you need to know what to do. This way, we can all help to keep each other safe and avoid small accidents turning into larger, more severe emergencies. The best way to be prepared is to adopt a “safety first” mindset when on the worksite.

Here are some good tips:

• Ensure you understand the hazards when carrying out your job—especially the ones most likely to lead to accidents and workplace injuries. Once you are aware of the hazards, you can ensure you are doing everything you can to eliminate those risks.
• Pay close attention during safety training, briefings, and toolbox talks. Training helps you to be prepared, and this means you will be better prepared to help yourself or your co-workers if an unfortunate accident occurs.
• Make sure you read all safety materials supplied and the safety materials that are posted on the worksite—including safety materials for specific tools and machines. Safety materials are updated frequently and distributed to every staff member.
• If you are unsure of anything, make sure you ask a supervisor or your safety representative. When it comes to safety, no question is stupid!

Key Takeaways

• You need to know what to do if you or a co-worker require first aid. Make sure you understand the company’s first aid policy/procedure.
• Know which staff members have first aid training so you can contact them in the event of an accident or injury to yourself or a co-worker.
• Develop a “safety-first” mentality when working. This involves always being aware of your surroundings and the potential hazards so that you can minimize the risk of injuries.
• Make sure you undertake all health and safety training and read all safety materials.
• Don’t be afraid to ask questions if you have them.

Sales Inquiries Contact:

• AU  02 5104 6116
• NZ  09 886 3309

Support Inquiries Contact:

• [email protected]
• Help Centre
• Media Enquiries
• Toolbox Talk Topic Tool
• Health & Safety Consultant Directory
• Terms and Conditions
• Privacy Policy
• Account Owner Terms
• Facebook logo to SaferMe FACEBOOK PAGE
• Twitter logo to SaferMe twitter PAGE

First Aid One-Pager Assignment

• Google Docs™

Description

Students create a one-pager based on various topics listed within the unit. Also includes rubric.

Questions & Answers

Health and wealth go hand in hand.

• We're hiring
• Help & FAQ
• Privacy policy
• Student privacy
• Terms of service
• Tell us what you think

Employee & Employer Empowerment

Complete First Aid Kit Checklist for the Workplace

Many workplace accidents can be dealt with quickly and effectively simply by having an appropriate, well-stocked first aid kit on hand. Having the right first aid equipment and training can mean the difference between a few stitches and the loss of consciousness—or a simple sprain and a chronic injury. 

If you are an employer or the designated first aid representative for your workplace, keeping a complete first aid kit checklist for your workplace will ensure injuries can always be managed promptly.

Workplace First Aid Kit Checklist: Basic Items

OSHA standard 1910.266 App A , entitled “First Aid Kits (Mandatory)” outlines the basic first aid kit requirements for small workplaces with two or three employees. To cater to the needs of their staff, larger operations should have more workplace first aid kits and larger quantities of the first aid supplies listed:

• Gauze pads (at least 4 x 4 inches)
• Two large gauze pads (at least 8 x 10 inches)
• Box adhesive bandages (Band-Aids)
• One package gauze roller bandage at least 2 inches wide
• Two triangular bandages
• Wound cleaning agent such as sealed moistened towelettes
• At least one blanket
• Adhesive tape
• Latex gloves
• Resuscitation equipment such as a resuscitation bag, airway, or pocket mask
• Two elastic wraps
• Directions for requesting emergency assistance

[59 FR 51672, Oct. 12, 1994; 60 FR 47022, Sept. 8, 1995]

Specific First Aid Kit Suggestions

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)’s list is a minimal list for workplace first aid kits. However, certain industries can develop specific first aid kits based on a thorough risk assessment of the workplace.

Industries such as manufacturing, agriculture, and hospitality have a higher-than-average risk of severe cuts due to the use of sharp equipment (slicing machinery, sickles, and knives, respectively).

Active shooter events resulting in gunshot wounds and traumatic bleeding can also occur in the workplace—in 2023,  active shooter incidents happened  in open spaces, commercial buildings, educational facilities, health care facilities, and private residences.

Workplaces that use sharp equipment or have an elevated risk of active shooter events should consider placing bleeding control kits throughout each facility.

First aid kit checklist:

• Bleeding control kit by True Rescue

Bumps, Bruises, Strains, and Sprains

Bumps, bruises, strains, and sprains are daily risks for the construction, agriculture, sports, and recreation industries. Along with the basic first aid kit materials, these workplaces should have several instant cold packs available to workers. Remember to always cover a cold pack or ice pack with a cloth or sleeve.

Workplaces that use corrosive chemicals are at an elevated risk of serious eye injuries and burns. These workplaces must install emergency drenching or flushing stations and should make saline eye drops readily available to workers.

• Saline eye wash/drops

People who work with potential irritants may need first aid to deal with severe itching or irritation of the skin. Hydrocortisone cream is a useful topical medicine to have on hand if skin irritation is likely to occur.

• Hydrocortisone cream

Professionals who work in close proximity to hot substances and surfaces (such as baristas, metal smelters, and mechanics) have a fairly high chance of burns. Consider including the following in your workplace first aid kit:

• Plastic cling wrap
• Burn dressings (such as Water-Jel)
• Bacitracin antibiotic ointment

Other Items

In addition to the first aid items themselves, it can be helpful to include a few other practical items in the kit:

• Light source (such as a flashlight)
• Thermometer
• Safety pins
• Non-latex gloves (such as nitrile gloves)
• Accident reporting card
• Quick-reference guide to first aid and CPR
• Over-the-counter medications, such as aspirin, paracetamol, antihistamine, and ibuprofen

Please note that all of the items in your workplace first aid kit should be checked on a regular basis and replaced when they are used or reach their expiry date.

Automated External Defibrillators

Certain institutions and facilities are required to have at least one automated external defibrillator (AED) in addition to a first aid kit. Depending on the state, these kinds of facilities may include:

• Fitness facilities
• Schools and colleges
• School athletic fields
• Dental offices that use sedation
• Hospitals and nursing homes
• Public buildings

If your facility is required to have an AED, make sure you have an FDA-approved, up-to-date defibrillator located in a visible, known, accessible place, along with an appropriate AED management program that meets your state’s training, oversight, and signage requirements.

Employer Responsibilities with Regards to First Aid

According to 29 CFR 1910.151 , employers must:

• “Ensure the ready availability of medical personnel for advice and consultation on matters of plant health”
• Ensure that at least one person in the workplace is “adequately trained to render first aid” if there isn’t an infirmary, clinic, or hospital nearby
• Ensure that “adequate first aid supplies [are] readily available”
• Ensure that people who work with corrosive materials have access to “suitable facilities for quick drenching or flushing of the eyes and body” within the work area

[63 FR 33450, June 18, 1998]

When setting up a workplace first aid program—including first aid kits and regular first aid training for employees—businesses can refer to OSHA’s Best Practices Guide: Fundamentals for First Aid in the Workplace (2006). Businesses should also seek up-to-date guidance from their local fire and rescue department, local OSHA area office, medical professionals, and local first aid training providers as the guidelines often change.

First Aid Makes a Difference in Office

As mentioned at the start, a fully stocked first aid kit in the workplace—along with regular first aid training for staff—can mean the difference between major, chronic injuries and a short-term scare. Immediate first aid can also have a significant impact on the amount of time workers need to take off and how well they are able to reintegrate into the workplace after recovery. 

In addition to developing a rigorous risk assessment and accident prevention program, using this first aid kit checklist for the workplace to stay on top of OSHA requirements is one of the best things you can do for the safety of your staff and customers as well as the health of your business’s bottom line.

Leave a Comment Cancel Reply

You must be logged in to post a comment.

• Meaning of First Aid
• Aims of First Aid
• Basic Objectives of Psychological First Aid
• History of First Aid
• Scope of First Aid
• Golden Rules of First Aid
• Principles of First Aid
• Importance of First Aid
• Qualities of a First Aider
• Responsibilities of a First Aider
• Limitations of the First Aider
• Skills Required for the First Aider
• Seeking Immunization
• Coping with Unpleasantness
• Taking Stock after an Emergency
• Preparing for Emergencies
• Goals of Emergency Medical Treatment
• Principles Applied in Emergency Management
• Obtaining Data from the Patient
• Recording of Data
• Action at an Emergency
• Consent to Treatment
• Emergency Doctrine
• Right to Privacy and Confidentiality
• Mandatory Reporting
• Physical Evidence and chain of Custody
• Transfer Laws
• Solutions Used in First Aid
• By Getting others to Help You
• Determine the Priorities of Treatment
• Highest Priority
• Second Priority
• Lowest Priority
• Calling for Assistance
• Procedure for Counting Respiration
• Breathing is Increased in
• Breathing is Decreased in
• Sites to Check the Pulse Rate
• Procedure for Counting the Pulse
• Pulse Increases (Tachycardia) during
• Pulse Decreases (Bradycardia) during
• Pupil Reaction
• Level of Consciousness and Possible Cause
• Sites Where Temperature is Recorded
• Instrument by Which Temperature is Recorded
• Recording of Temperature
• Procedure for Taking Temperature by Mouth
• Procedure for Taking a Temperature in Axilla or Groin
• Procedure for Taking Rectal Temperature
• Body Temperature
• Ability to Move
• Reaction to Pain (Table 2.4)
• Systolic Pressure
• Diastolic Pressure
• Hypertension
• Signs of Death
• Secondary Victim Assessment
• Examining the Head
• Examining the Lips
• Examining of Teeth
• Examining the Eyes
• Examining the Nose
• Examining the Face
• Examining the Ears
• Examining the Skull
• Examining the Spine
• Examining the Lower Spine
• Examining the Trunk
• Examining the Arms
• Examining the Legs
• INTRODUCTION
• Purpose of Bandaging
• Functions of Bandages
• General Principles
• Types of Bandages
• Materials Used for Bandage
• Assessing before Applying Bandage
• Eye Bandage (Monocular)
• Bioccular Bandage
• Ear Mastoid Bandage
• Jaw Barton Bandage
• Capeline Bandage (Head Bandage)
• Shoulder Spica
• Width of the Bandages
• General Rules for Applying Bandages
• Applying Roller Bandage
• General Rules for Applying Roller Bandage
• Points to be Observed
• Hand Bandage
• Wrist and Forearm Bandage
• The Upper Arm Bandage
• Finger Bandages
• Spica of Thumb Bandage
• Method for Thumb Spica
• Spica of Shoulder Bandage
• Bandages for the Foot, Ankle and Leg
• Bandage for the Knee
• Spica of Hip Bandage
• Spica of Groin Bandage
• Head and Other Bandage
• Stump Bandage
• Many-Tailed Bandages
• Application of an Abdominal Many-Tailed Bandage
• ‘T’-Bandages
• Adhesive Bandage
• Tubular Gauze Bandage
• Triangular Bandage
• Hip and Groin
• Eye, Ear, Cheek Forehead and Jaw
• Uses of Slings
• Large Arm Sling
• Collar and Cuff Sling
• Triangular Sling
• Purpose of Binder
• Straight Binders
• Breast Binder
• Abdominal Binders
• Classification of Wounds (Fig. 5.1)
• Control of Bleeding
• First Aid Measures in Minor Wounds
• Chest Wounds
• Abdominal Wound
• Eye Injuries
• The Signs of Infection will Include
• Prevention of Infection can be Obtained by
• Purpose of Dressing
• Types of Dressing
• General Instructions
• Preliminary Assessment
• How to Use Sterile Dressing?
• External Hemorrhage
• Internal Hemorrhage
• Symptoms and Signs
• Varicose Veins
• Adult and Child Basic Life Support
• Basic Life Support 2011 Guidelines
• Steps of Basic Life Support
• Check Responsiveness
• Activate EMS (Emergency Medical System)
• Position the Unresponsive Victim
• Open the Airway
• Check for Breathing
• Mouth-to-Mouth Method
• Mouth-to-Nose Method
• Mouth-to-Stoma Method
• Mouth-to-Barrier Device
• Check for a Pulse
• Chain of Survival
• Follow these Steps to Accomplish Effective Chest Compression
• Switching Functions
• Complications of CPR
• Positioning an Unresponsive Infant
• Opening the Airway
• Rescue Breathing
• Check for Pulse
• Chest Compressions
• Injury Assessment
• Dislocation
• Movable Joints
• Immovable Joints
• Chest Injuries
• Rib Fracture
• Flail Chest
• Penetrating Abdominal Injuries
• Assessment for Abdominal Injuries
• Blunt Abdominal Trauma
• Emergency Management
• Head Injury
• Signs and Symptoms (Figs 7.5A and B)
• Signs and Symptoms
• Causes of Spinal Cord Injury
• Signs and Symptoms of Spinal Injury Include the Following
• The Measures of First Aid are as Follows
• Immediate Action
• Moving a Casualty
• Removal of Trapped Casualty
• Accidents with Dangerous Substances
• Effects of Shock
• Causes of Shock
• Progress of Shock
• Factors Influencing the Degree of Shock
• Hospital Treatment
• Sign and Symptoms
• Emergency Treatment
• Clinical Care
• Electrocardiogram
• Swan-Ganz Catheter
• In case of chest or abdomen injuries
• Causes of Unconsciousness
• Classification of Coma
• Clinical Manifestations of Brief Unconsciousness
• Early Symptoms of Supratentorial Coma
• Later Symptoms
• Manifestations of Infratentorial Coma
• Manifestations of Metabolic Coma
• Diagnosis of Unconsciousness
• Pharmacological Management
• Observation and Charting
• Eliminations
• Prevention of Contractures
• Care of Pressure Areas and the Prevention of Foot Drop
• Causes of Fracture
• Types of Fracture (Fig. 10.2)
• Immobilization of the Fractured Part
• Cheekbone and Nose Fractures
• First Aid Measures
• First aid measures
• Fracture of the Ribcage
• Flail Chest Injuries
• Materials Used
• Types of Splints
• Technique of Padding Splint
• Nursing Care of Patients after Application of Splints
• Circular Casts
• Model Casts
• Preparation of Plaster Bandages
• Purposes of Plaster Casts
• Preparation of the Patient
• Method of Application
• Care of the Patient after 24 Hours
• Removal of the cast
• After Care of the Equipment
• Skin Traction
• Skeletal Traction
• Principles Applied when Maintaining Traction and Extension
• Nursing Care and Value in Traction and Extension
• Blanket Lift
• Emergency Lift
• Burns Classification
• Burns are Caused by the Following
• Scalds are Caused by the Following
• Surface Area of the Body Burned
• For First and Second-Degree Burns
• For Third-Degree Burns
• Management of Burns
• Burns management includes
• Wound Care in Burns
• Management of Chemical Burns
• Chemical Burns of Eye
• Preventive Measures
• Causes of Poisoning
• Sources of Poisoning
• Mechanism of Action of Poison
• General Symptoms and Signs of Poisoning
• Self-care to be Taken by the Aider
• General Rules for Treatment of Swallowed Poisoning
• Type of Poisons
• The Goals of Emergency Treatment
• General Management
• HOUSEHOLD POISONS
• First Aid to be Given
• Drug Poisoning
• Depressants
• Aspirin Overdose
• In Early Stages of Unconsciousness
• In Later Stages of Unconsciousness
• Classification
• General Treatment
• Atropa Belladonna
• Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane (DDT)
• Petroleum Distillates
• Organophosphorus Compounds
• Naphthalene
• Strychnos Nux Vomica (Kuchla)
• Clinical Manifestations
• Clinical Features
• First Aid Management
• Hospital Management
• Bee and Wasp Bites
• Tick and Mite Bites
• Spider Bite (Figs 13.6A and B)
• Leech Bite (Fig. 13.7)
• Fish Stings
• Foreign Bodies in the Alimentary Tract
• Foreign Bodies in the Stomach
• Remember the Following Points to Avoid Severe Loss by the Foreign Bodies
• Fish Hook in the Skin
• Foreign Bodies in the Nose
• What Not To Do?
• Introduction
• Abdominal Thrusts
• In Case of Unconscious Casualty
• First Aid for Child
• First Aid for Choking Infants (Conscious)
• First Aid in Unconscious Infant
• Causes Affecting the Respiratory Tract
• Causes Affecting the Respiratory Mechanism
• Causes Affecting the Respiratory Center
• Early Stages
• Later Stages
• General Rules for Treatment of Asphyxia
• First Aid in Special Cases
• General Symptoms and Signs
• General Measures
• First Aid in Inhalation of Fumes
• Classification of Shock
• Signs and Symptoms of Shock
• First Aid in Shock
• Respiratory Signs Include
• Skin Manifestations
• Cardiovascular Manifestations
• Gastrointestinal Discomforts
• Additional Treatment as Indicated
• Clinical Manifestation
• Metabolic Consideration
• Diagnostic Evaluation
• Medical Management
• Nursing Management
• Preventive Measures of Extreme Heat
• Signs and Symptoms of Frostbite Include
• Preventive Measures for Extreme Cold
• It Occurs After
• Treatment (Fig. 16.1)
• Tension-type Headache
• Migraine Headache
• Signs and Symptoms of Migraine Headache
• Prophylactic Treatment
• Cough is Induced by the Following
• Different Respiratory Disorders Present Different Types of Cough
• Therapeutic Measure
• Nursing Assessment
• Nursing Intervention
• Therapeutic Measures
• Hypoxemic Hypoxia
• Circulatory Hypoxia
• Anemic Hypoxia
• Histotoxic Hypoxia
• Interventions
• Nursing Measures
• It is Manifested by
• Complications of Respiratory Acidosis are
• Etiology and Risk Factors
• Adrenergic Manifestation
• Neuroglycopenic (Decreased Glucose to Brain) Manifestation
• The Physiologic Causes of Syncope Fall Under Two Categories
• Vasovagal Syncope
• Postural Hypotension (Orthostatic)
• Cardiac Syncope
• Carotid Sinus Syncope
• Cerebral Syncope
• Hematologic Causes of Syncope
• Pulmonary Disorders
• Diagnosis is Made by
• Reproducing Syncopal Attacks
• Nursing Responsibility
• GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF HANDLING AND TRANSPORT OF INJURED
• LIFTING THE CASUALTY
• MANUAL LIFTS
• CARRIES FOR ONE FIRST AIDER
• Four-handed Seat
• Two-handed Seat
• Chair Method
• LIFTING A CASUALTY IN A WHEEL CHAIR
• Types of Stretcher
• PREPARING A STRETCHER OR A TROLLEY BED
• Loading a Casualty on to a Pole-and-Canvas Stretcher
• Placing a Blanket Under the Casualty
• Carrying a Stretcher
• For Four Bearers
• Crossing Uneven Ground
• Crossing a Wall
• Moving a Stretcher From One Level to Another
• LOADING AN AMBULANCE
• UNLOADING AN AMBULANCE
• Parts of the Body do Sports Injuries Affect
• Sprains and Strains
• Minor Head Injuries
• Tennis Elbow
• Golfer's Elbow
• Knee Pain (Runner's Knee)
• Stress Fractures
• Cartilage Damage
• Broken Bones
• Severe Head Injuries
• Ligament Damage
• THE BODY HEALING PROCESS
• The History of Injury
• McMurray's Test
• Apley's Grinding Test
• Non-operative Management
• Operative Management
• Osteogenic Causes of Shin Pain
• Achilles Tendonitis
• Retrocalcaneal Pain
• Plantar Fasciitis
• Athlete's Foot
• Frozen Shoulder
• Wrist Pain in Gymnasts
• Finger Tendon Injury
• Dental Injuries
• Under Water Diving Injuries
• Maxillofacial Injuries
• Nasal Injuries
• Treatment of Sports Injuries
• Immobilization
• Therapeutic Heating
• Infrared Radiation
• Conduction Heat
• Microwave Diathermy
• Short Wave Diathermy
• Pulse Short Wave
• Faradic Stimulation
• High Voltage Stimulation
• Rehabilitation
• Electro Stimulation
• Cold/Cryotherapy
• Heat/Thermotherapy
• Arthroscopy
• Tissue Engineering
• Targeted Pain Relief
• Advances Might we Expect in the Future
• MANUAL THERAPY
• Tips for Preventing Injury
• Prevention of Sports Injuries
• Natural Disaster
• Man-made Disaster
• Impact of Disaster on Community
• Role of ICN in Disaster Preparedness
• Prevention, Mitigation and Preparedness Activities
• Disaster Response
• Disaster Recovery
• Relief Response
• Disaster Management
• Preparedness
• I. Levels of Disaster and Agency Involvement
• American Red Cross
• Other Voluntary Organizations
• Business and Labor Organizations
• Disaster Management by Health Sector in India
• IMPORTANT AGENCIES IN INDIA
• Principles of Disaster Plan
• Hospital Disaster Manual
• Objectives of Triage Nursing
• Principles of Triage
• Function of Triage
• Goals of Triage
• Triage Acuity Determinates
• Key Points in Triage in the Emergency Department
• Triage Team Members
• Triage Set-up
• Before Admission to the Hospital
• The Admission Process
• Triage is Important
• Respiration
• Blood Pressure (BP)
• State of Consciousness
• Driving the Ambulance to the Scene
• Understanding the Law
• Facts to be Known by the Driver
• During Emergency Operations, the Driver May
• Driver Should Realize that
• Visual Warning Signal
• Stopping Distance
• Standing Water
• Poor Visibility
• Steering Failure
• Brake Failure
• Accelerator Failure
• Objects on the Roadway
• Animals in the Roadway
• People in the Roadway
• Night Driving
• Education and Licensing
• Requirements
• Administrative Duties
• Medical Duties
• Telephone Triage
• The Types of Patients who Attend Casualty Services are
• FUNCTIONS OF EMERGENCY CARE/CASUALTY
• INFRASTRUCTURE AND DESIGN OF CASUALTY DEPARTMENT (FIG. 22.1)
• Facilities for Management
• STAFF REQUIREMENT IN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
• COMMON PROBLEMS FACED IN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
• Traffic Control
• Communication
• Availability of All Medical Supplies
• Medicolegal Aspects of Emergency Department
• Nursing Assignment
• Nursing Diagnosis
• Implementation
• Benefits for the Client
• Benefits for the Nurse
• A Framework for Accountability
• Prerequisites to Assessment
• Sources of Data
• Methods of Data Collection
• Guidelines for Data Collection
• Diagnostic Reasoning
• Errors in Diagnosis
• Using a Nursing Diagnosis
• Ten Rules for Writing a Nursing Diagnosis
• Collaborative Problems
• Phases of Planning
• Setting Priorities
• Establishing Goals for Nursing Action
• Team Planning
• Formulating the Nursing Care Plan
• Characteristics
• Providing Self-care
• Nursing Roles
• Formal Evaluation Models
• The Following Points are to be Kept in Mind while Doing Palpation
• Methods of Percussion
• Auscultation
• Manipulations
• Testing of Reflexes
• General Appearance
• Mental Status
• Skin Conditions
• Head and Face
• Mouth and Pharynx
• Extremities
• Genital and Rectum
• Neurological Tests
• Articles Appropriate for Specific Examination
• Preparation of the Environment
• Preparation of the Equipment (Fig. 24.2)
• Physical Preparation
• Mental Preparation
• Principle in Physical Examination
• To Take Height and Weight
• To Measure the Skull Circumference
• Examination of the Eyes
• Examination of the Ears
• Examination of the Nose, Throat and Mouth
• Examination of the Neck
• Examination of the Chest
• Examination of the Abdomen
• Examination of Genitalia
• Examination of Rectum
• Examination of Upper Extremities
• Examination of Lower Extremities
• Examination of Back
• Care after Examination
• Nurse's Responsibilities during Physical Examination
• Nose and Sinuses
• Breasts and Armpits
• Front of Chest and Lungs
• Rectum and Anus
• Reproductive Organs
• Musculoskeletal System
• Blood Vessels
• Neurologic Screen
• The 12 Nerves in the Head (Cranial)
• Purpose and General Action of Drugs
• The Routes can be Broadly Divided into Two Groups
• Following are some of the Important Routes, through which Drugs are Administered.
• Side Effects
• Toxic Effects
• Additive Effects
• Potentiation
• Cumulative Action
• Adverse Effects of Drugs
• Important Antidotes
• Factors Involved in Adverse Effects of Drugs
• Weights and Measurement
• The Nature of Drug
• Drugs are Classified According to their Action
• Special Points to be noted during any Injection
• Drugs Generally Used
• Vasodilators
• Goals of Oxygen Therapy
• Indications
• Mechanism of Action
• Description
• Descriptions
• Precautions
• Assessment and Diagnostic Methods
• Non-surgical Measures Include
• Surgical Management
• Causes of Epilepsy
• Differential Diagnosis
• Anticonvulsant Drug Therapy
• Surgical Treatment
• Nursing Management of Patients with Seizures
• Patient Education and Rehabilitation
• Risk Factor
• Pathophysiology
• Epidemiology
• Recognized Causes or Predisposing Conditions
• I. Infective Causes
• Noninfective Causes
• Coagulation Disorder
• Types of Strokes
• Cerebral Thrombosis
• Cerebral Embolism
• Cerebral Ischemia
• Causes of Hemorrhagic Stroke
• Risk Factors for Stroke
• Internal Carotid Artery
• Anterior Cerebral Artery
• Middle Cerebral Artery
• Posterior Cerebral Artery
• Basilar Artery
• Manifestation of Hemisphere Involvement
• I. First Aid in Stroke
• II. Medical Management
• III. Surgical Treatment
• IV. Nursing Management
• Psychological Needs
• Discharge Planning and Continuity of Care
• Nurses Responsibilities in Prevention of Strokes
• How to Recognize Heart Attack
• First Aid in Heart Attack
• Reducing the Result of Sexual Assault
• Three Ways to Reduce the Risk of SIDS
• Measures to be Taken during Such Condition Lie
• Premonitory Stage
• Tonic Stage
• Clonic Stage
• Comatose Stage
• Prevention of Infection
• Description of the Procedure
• Immediately after Procedure
• The Delivery of the Placenta (Afterbirth)
• If the Bleeding is Still not Under Control
• Care of the Baby after Birth
• Cutting the Cord
• Atonic Uterus
• Traumatic Hemorrhage in Third Stage
• Blood Coagulation Disorders
• Immediate Measures
• Management Steps
• Supportive Therapy
• Active Management
• Nursing Considerations
• Scar Rupture and Dehiscence
• Complete and Incomplete Rupture
• Spontaneous and Traumatic Rupture
• Risk Factors
• Nursing Care
• Once a Rupture is Diagnosed
• Pelvic Examination
• Advice on Discharge
• Manifestations
• Risks of PROM
• Preterm PROM
• Signs of Obstructed Labor
• Effects on Mother
• Effects on the Fetus
• Management of Obstructed Labor
• Measures of Management
• Obstetric Management
• Assessment in Accident and Emergency
• Measures to Ameliorate the Problem
• Depth of Injury
• Percent of Body Surface Area Involved
• Location of the Burns
• Association with Other Injuries
• The Most Common Cause of Burn are
• Immediate Management
• Laboratory and Imaging Studies
• Emergency Care
• Care in the Hospital
• Composition
• Small Objects
• Anatomic Location
• Degree of Air Passage Obstruction
• Complications
• Diagnostic Evaluations
• Approach to the Child
• Termination of Exposure to the Poison
• Immediate Removal of the Poison
• Non-corrosive Substances
• Diagnostic valuation
• Etiopathology of Prenatal Asphyxia
• Prophylactic
• Babies with Apgar Score: 7–10
• Babies with Apgar Score: 4–6
• Babies with Apgar Score Below 4
• Prognosis: It Depends Upon
• Resuscitation Equipment and Medications
• Resuscitation—Stepwise Approach
• Bag and Mask Ventilation
• Chest Compression
• Endotracheal Intubation
• Medications
• High-risk Pregnancies
• High-risk Newborns
• Screening for High-risk
• Special Care Neonatal Units (SCNUs)
• Before an Earthquake
• During an Earthquake
• After an Earthquake
• Before a Cyclone
• When Cyclone Approaches
• After a Cyclone
• Principles of First Aid in War
• Types of Warfare
• NUCLEAR WEAPONS
• CHEMICAL WARFARE
• Radiation Sickness
• Injuries from Blast
• Labeling of Casualties in War
• Oxygenation
• Airway Adjuncts
• Ventilation Circuits
• Support of Circulation
• ECG Monitoring
• Defibrillation
• Electrical Defibrillation
• Correction of Acidosis and Fluid Replacement (Figs 31.3A and B)
• Volume replacement
• Drugs in Advanced Cardiac Life Support
• Termination of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (Fig. 31.4)
• Defibrillator
• Current-based Defibrillator
• Automatic Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator
• Mode of Pacing (Figs 31.9A and B and 31.10)
• Depending on the Place of Action
• Indications for Artificial Pacemakers
• Temporary Pacemakers
• Permanent Pacemakers
• Patient Teaching
• Trouble Shooting
• External Transcutaneous Pacemakers
• Obtaining Sample for Arterial Blood Gas Analysis
• Obtaining Sample by Direct Puncture
• Interpretation of Arterial Blood Gas
• Metabolic Acidosis
• Metabolic Alkalosis
• Respiratory Acidosis
• Respiratory Alkalosis
• Ventilators are not Respirators
• Indications for Ventilatory Support
• Types of Positive-Pressure Ventilators
• Modes of Mechanical Ventilation
• Special Positive-Pressure Ventilation Technique
• Newer Modes of Mechanical Ventilation
• Pressure Support Ventilation
• High Frequency Ventilation
• Type of Ventilation
• Fluid Retention and Hemodynamic Alteration
• Ventilator Troubleshooting
• Respiratory Parameters as Criteria for Weaning (Huba)
• Signs of Fatigue
• Psychological Readiness
• Methods of Weaning
• Causes of Failure to Wean
• Patient who is Fighting the Ventilator
• Route of Insertion
• Types of Tube
• Physical Management
• Psychological Care of the Patient
• Laryngeal and Tracheal
• Client/family Teaching
• Implementation Phase
• Oropharyngeal and Nasopharyngeal Suctioning
• Orotracheal and Nasotracheal Suctioning
• Client/Family Teaching
• Belated Nursing Care
• Parts of the Tracheostomy Tube (Fig. 31.19)
• Indications for Tracheostomy
• Complications of Tracheostomy
• 32: Terminology

Chapter Notes

Introduction to first aid 1.

• First aid is the initial assistance or treatment given to a casualty for any injury or sudden illness, before the arrival of an ambulance, doctor or other qualified person. The ‘first aid’ itself signifies that the casualty is in need of ‘secondary aid’.
• First aid is the immediate care given to the injured or suddenly ill person. First aid does not take the place of proper medical treatment. It consists only of giving temporary assistance until, competent medical care, if needed, is obtained, or until the chance of recovery without medical care is ensured. Most injuries and illnesses require only first aid care.
• To save the life.
• To ease the pain.
• To limit the effects of the condition.
• To promote recovery.
• To prevent conditions that might increase the original injury.
• To arrange for transportation to the hospital.
• To preserve life.
• To prevent further injury and deterioration of the condition.
• To prevent complications related to injury or illness conditions.
• To make the victim as comfortable as possible to conserve the strength.
• To put the injured person under professional medical care at the earliest.
• To establish a human connection in a non-intrusive, compassionate manner.
• To enhance immediate and ongoing safety, and provide physical and emotional comfort. Calm and orient emotionally-overwhelmed or distraught survivors.
• To help survivors to articulate immediate needs and concerns, and gather additional information as appropriate.
• To offer practical assistance and information to help survivors address their immediate needs and concerns.
• To connect survivors as soon as possible to social support networks, including family members, friends, neighbors and community helping resources.
• To support adaptive coping, acknowledge coping efforts and strengths, and empower survivors; encourage adults, children and families to take an active role in their recovery.
• To provide information that may help survivors to cope effectively with the psychological impact of disasters.
• Facilitate continuity in disaster response efforts by clarifying how long the psychological first aid provider will be available and (when appropriate) linking the survivor to another member of a disaster response team or to indigenous recovery systems, mental health services, public-sector services and organizations.
• To determine the nature of the case requiring attention so far, as is necessary for intelligent and efficient treatment or diagnosis.
• To decide on the character and extent of the ‘treatment’ to be given and to apply the treatment, which is most suited to the circumstances until medical aid is available.
• To arrange for the ‘disposal’ of the casualty by shifting him either to his home or other suitable shelter or to hospital. 4
• Do ‘first things first quickly’, quietly and without fuss or panic.
• ‘Give artificial respiration’, if breathing has stopped—every second counts.
• ‘Stop’ any bleeding.
• ‘Guard against or treat for shock’ by moving the casualty as little as possible and handling him gently.
• ‘Do not attempt too much’—do the minimum that is essential to save life—and prevent the condition from worsening.
• ‘Reassure the casualty’ and those around thus help to lessen anxiety.
• Do not allow people to crowd a round, as fresh air is essential.
• Do not remove clothes unnecessarily.
• Arrange for the removal of the casualty to the care of a doctor (or) hospital, as soon as possible.
• Make sure that victim's airway is not blocked by the tongue, secretions or some foreign body— restore respiration.
• Make sure that the person is breathing, if not administer artificial respiration—restore respiration.
• Make sure that the patient has a pulse or no pulse, if no pulse is felt, administer cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)—restoration of circulation.
• check for bleeding—take measures to control bleeding.
• Act fast if the victim is bleeding severely or if he has swallowed poison or if his heart or breathing has stopped. Every second counts for his survival.
• Arrange without delay for shifting of victim to the hospital for medical attention, even the most injured persons can be safely moved. It is vitally important not to move a person with serious neck and/or back injuries unless taking proper measure to ensure and to save him from further danger.
• Keep the victim/patient lying down and quiet. If he has vomited and there is no danger that his neck is broken, turn him on his side to prevent choking. Keep him warm by covering him with blankets or coats.
• Have someone called for medical assistance while applying first aid. The person who summons help should explain the nature of the emergency and ask what should be done if the arrival of the ambulance is pending.
• Examine the victim gently, cut clothing if necessary to avoid abrupt movements, which add up pain. Do not pull clothing away from burns, unless it is still smouldering.
• Reassure the victim, try to remain calm yourself. Your calmness can allay his fear and panic.
• Do not give fluids to an unconscious or semiconscious persons by slapping or shaking.
• Look for an emergency identification card for medical information related to victim.
• The immediate objective of first aid at a given situation is to save the life of the individual.
• It is the first objective of first aid to reduce pain. 5
• First aid should help to avoid further injury. It should correct situations, which tend to increase the original injury.
• The first aid should form a basis for subsequent treatment by the doctor or the hospital staff.
• It can be done by supplying details of accident, injury, the first aid treatment given, etc. The ultimate aim of first aid is to prevent disability and death.

• Observant: Noting the cause and signs of injury.
• Tactful: Avoiding thoughtless questions and learning the symptoms and history of the case.
• Resourceful: Using whatever is at hand to the best advantage so as to prevent further damage.
• Explicit: Giving clear instructions to the patient and advice to the assistants.
• Discriminating: First aider may decide which of the several injuries should be given attention.

• Gain access to the patient in easiest and safest way.
• Observe the accident scene and assess the situation.
• If necessary, direct others to direct traffic, keep bystanders at a safe distance and make essential telephone calls. Turn off all engines that may be still running.
• To find out whether casualty is unconscious, conscious, alive or dead.
• Identify the disease or condition from which the casualty is suffering.
• Give immediate, appropriate and adequate treatment considering priority of first aid measures. Such as first priority will be of restoration of breathing and circulation, while second will be stopping the bleeding.
• Should bear in mind that a casualty may have more than one injury and that some casualties will require more urgent attention than others. 6
• Arranging without delay for shifting of the casualty to a doctor, hospital or home according to the condition in such a manner that the injury is not complicated or the victim is not subjected to unnecessary discomfort.
• Keeping the record of the patient and of the incidence, addresses and witness.
• Once a first aider has voluntarily started care, he should not leave the scene, or stop the care until a qualified and responsible person relieves him.
• The first aider should be observant with the rules or objectives of first aid and act quickly and vigilantly.
• He should inspire confidence in the patient and others closely related to the patient.
• If breathing movements are not proper, the lips, tongue and finger nails become blue. In such a situation, artificial respiration should be started immediately.
• If there is heavy bleeding; it may be from wounds through one or more large vessels. In this condition, pressure should be applied directly over the wound. For this, a clean handkerchief or a pad may be kept on the wound and pressed firmly with one or both hands, then apply a firm bandage.
• The third important factor to be attended immediately is shock. Shock accompanies severe injury or emotional disturbance. Cold and clammy skin, beads of perspiration on the forehead and palms. Pale face, nausea and vomiting are the common symptoms of shock.
• Control the scene of accident.
• Gain access to the patient.
• Evaluate the scene in terms of safety and possible cause of accident.
• Gather information from patient and bystanders.
• Determine vital signs (pulse, breathing, skin temperature).
• Determine diagnostic signs and relate those to possible injuries or sudden illnesses that require emergency care.
• Open airway.
• Breathing (breathlessness—provide artificial ventilation).
• Circulation (pulselessness—provide one and two rescuer cardiopulmonary resuscitation).
• Bleeding control (hemorrhage controlled by direct pressure and elevation, pressure points and tourniquets).
• Diagnosis and care for shock.
• Diagnosis and care for soft tissue and internal injuries including basic dressing and bandaging techniques.
• Diagnosis and care for open and closed fractures, sprains, strains and dislocations, including cold treatment and basic splinting techniques.
• Detect and care for poisoning including alcohol and drug abuse.
• Diagnosis and care for heart attack, stroke, diabetes, coma, insulin shock and epileptic or other seizures. 7
• Diagnosis and care for facial injuries, head injuries, neck and spinal injuries and chest injuries including fractured ribs, flail chest and penetrating chest wounds.
• Diagnosis and care for burns and smoke inhalation.
• Diagnosis and care for exposure to heat and cold, which includes heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke, hypothermia and frostbite.
• Assist in childbirth and care of the newborn.
• Psychological and proper emergency care to victims of crisis and disasters.
• Perform proper transformation techniques.
• If you become concerned that you might have caught something after you have given first aid, contact your doctor.
• Regular first aiders should seek medical advice about immunization against hepatitis B.
• Protection by immunization can also sometimes be offered following exposure.
• The practice of first aid is sometimes messy, smelly and distasteful and you may be afraid that you will not be able to cope with unpleasantness.
• In the event, such fears are usually groundless and most people perform very well.
• Taking a first aid course will, however, greatly improve confidence and self-reliance.
• The thorough training received will help to control emotions, and carry through many difficult situations.
• Having given first aid and handed your casualty over, take stock of your own feelings. These may well have been put to one side as you took action. Assisting at an emergency is a stressful event and it is not uncommon (a ‘delayed reaction’ to strike the first aider sometime afterwards).
• Hopefully, your feelings will be of satisfaction or even elation, but it is not uncommon to feel upset, particularly if you have assisted a stranger, then you may thus never know the outcome of your efforts.
• Above all, never reproach yourself, or bottle up your feelings. It will often help greatly to talk over your experience with a friend, your doctor or your first aid trainer.
• These are sensations that the casualty feels or experiences and may be able to describe. You may need to ask questions to establish their presence or absence.
• Ask a conscious casualty if there is any pain and exactly where it is felt. Examine that part particularly and then any other sites where pain is felt; severe pain in one place can mask a more serious, but less painful injury at another place.
• Other symptoms that may help you include nausea, giddiness, heat, cold, weakness, and impaired sensation.
• All symptoms should be assessed and confirmed, wherever appropriate, by an examination for signs of injury or illness.
• These are details discovered by applying your senses—sight, touch, hearing, and smell, often in the course of an examination.
• Common signs of injury include bleeding, swelling, tenderness or deformity; signs of illness that are very often evident are a pale or flushed skin, sweating, a raised body temperature and a rapid pulse.
• Many signs are immediately obvious, but others may be discovered only in the course of thorough physical examination.
• If the casualty is unconscious, your diagnosis may have to be formed purely on the basis of the circumstances of the incident, information obtained from onlookers and the signs you discover.
• Keep important information about you and your family in a handy place. Information regarding address, age, medical condition, allergies, prescription, doctor's name and phone number.
• Learn and stay practiced in first aid skills, such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
• Keep the first aid kit readily available in your home, workplace, leisure center, and cars. Any first aid kit must be kept in a dry place and checked and replenished regularly, so that items are always ready for use. 9
• To prevent deterioration before more definitive treatment can be given.
• To restore the patient to useful living.
• Maintain a patent airway and provide adequate ventilation, employing resuscitation measures when necessary. Assess for chest injuries with subsequent airway obstruction.
• Control hemorrhage and its consequences.
• Evaluate and restore cardiac output.
• Prevent and treat shock; maintain or restore effective circulation.
• Carry out a rapid initial and ongoing physical examination; the clinical course of the injured or seriously ill patient is not static.
• Assess whether or not the patient can follow commands, evaluate the size and reactivity of the pupils and motor responses.
• Start electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring, if appropriate.
• Splint suspected fractures, including fractures of the cervical spine in patients with head injuries.
• Protect wounds with sterile dressings.
• Check to see if the patient has a medical alert tag or any similar identification designating allergies.
• Start a flow sheet of the patient's vital signs, blood pressure, neurological status, etc. to guide decision making.

• What were the circumstances, forces, location and time of the injury?
• When did the symptoms appear?
• How did the patient reach the hospital?
• What was the health status of the patient before the accident or illness?
• Is there a past history of illness? of past admissions?
• Is the patient currently taking any medications especially hormones, insulin, digitalis, anticoagulants?
• Does the patient have any allergies?
• Does the patient have any bleeding tendencies?
• When was the last meal eaten? (Important if an anesthetic is to be given)
• Is the patient under a physician's care? Name of physician?
• What was the date of the patient's most recent tetanus immunization?
• Preserve life.
• Prevent deterioration in the casualty's condition.
• Promote recovery.
• A rapid but calm approach.
• A quick assessment of the situation and the casualty.
• A correct diagnosis of the condition based on the history of the incident, and the casualty's history, symptoms and signs.
• Immediate and appropriate treatment of any conditions diagnosed.
• Proper disposal of the casualty according to the injury or condition.
• Informed consent to treatment means that clients are knowledgeable of all treatments and procedures and agree to these before implementation.
• The information must be presented in a language in which the client is fluent and at an appropriate level so that the client understands the implications of any treatments. 11
• By being informed, clients also have the right to refuse any treatments or procedures before they are implemented.
• When a client is unable to give consent or is unconscious, emergency treatment can be provided under the emergency doctrine.
• This doctrine implies that the client would have considered to treatment if able, because the alternative would have been death or disability.
• The emergency doctrine removes the need for obtaining informed consent before emergency treatment and care are initiated.
• All clients have a right to privacy and clients with emergencies are no different. This right includes the need for consent to use names and photographs of the client; not allowing unauthorized persons into the client's hospital area and not disclosing private facts to the public or falsely representing the client to the public.
• Information about the client's condition, treatments and outcomes are to be respected and handled with discretion.
• Any communication about the client's conditions, treatments and documentation are confidential and disclosed only with the client's permission.
• Mandatory reporting laws require hospitals, nurses and physicians to notify the appropriate local, state or federal agency when certain conditions or incidents occur
• These include child, spouse or elder abuse; motor vehicle crashes; injuries resulting from violence; attempted suicides; animal bites; overdoses and poisonings.
• Certain communicable disorders such as meningitis, sexually transmitted diseases and food poisonings are also reportable to the state health department.
• When injuries are suspected or identified, the nurse must notify the physician in charge of the care and other individuals identified by hospital policy. The appropriate agency must be notified and a report filed.
• Meticulous documentation and handling of evidence are of particular concern, in situations in which injury is resulted from a violent crime, such as shooting or sexual assault.
• All evidence discovered during the examination is recorded. Documentation of samples includes—the bodily location, from which the sample was obtained and when and to whom it was delivered.
• Evidence should be maintained in its original condition. Clothing is stored in a paper bag instead of a plastic bag, to prevent decomposition.
• If clothing needs to be cut off the client, special attention is taken not to destroy evidence inadvertently. 12
• Bullets removed from the client's body or recovered from clothing are handled with care. From the bullet removed, the physician usually makes a mark on the bottom of the bullet.
• The identifying mark is referred to later during an investigation or trial. The bullet is then placed in a sealed bag, labeled and given to proper authorities.
• The bag is sealed so that removal of the seal will be obvious. If the bullet is kept in the emergency department for any reason, it is kept in a locked and a secure place.
• All persons having access to the bullet must sign for it; thus, a chain of custody is maintained. This information is included in the medical record.
• Specimens obtained for legal purposes, as opposed to clinical purposes, include blood samples. For example, determination of blood alcohol levels and items obtained during the examination of an alleged sexual assault victim.
• When a blood alcohol determination is desired by the client or legal authorities, the client's written permission must be obtained before drawing the specimen.
• No client may be forced into having a blood sample drawn. In many instances, police officers have a kit with the necessary equipment for drawing the specimen.
• Isopropyl alcohol or any antiseptic solution containing alcohol must not be used as a skin preparation before a blood alcohol specimen is drawn. These agents may falsely elevate the blood alcohol level and render the test invalid.
• The nurse must know the laws within the state that identify who may draw blood for alcohol level determinations.
• Once the specimen is drawn, it is handed to a police officer, who signs that the specimen has been received. The tube is sealed with an identifying mark placed on the seal. The chain of custody is similar to that for bullets.
• Documentation of the procedure on the client's clinical record along with the nurse's signature and the name and badge number of the officer is important.
• Gauze dressing 5 and 10 cm square in individual sterile package.
• Rolls of gauze bandages 5 and 8 cm wide.
• Adhesive bandages in assorted sizes.
• Roll of absorbent cotton.
• Adhesive tape.
• Mild antiseptic.
• Scissors, tweezers, safety pins.
• Tube of petroleum jelly.
• Laundered, ironed sheets of cotton about 1 meter and square for making slings and bandages.
• Paper and pencil to record clues including patients pulse rate.
• Tongue depressor.
• Thermometer.
• Rubber catheter, tourniquet.
• Mackintosh.
• Dettol: It is used to clean wounds and surrounding area (2–4 teaspoonful in 500 ml of water). It is also used to sterilize instruments that cannot be sterilized by heat.
• Savion: It is used to wash hospital equipment, disinfect soiled linen and spray patients room (half measure in 2 liters of water). It is also used to clean wounds.
• Potassium permanganate: It is used for throat gargles, bladder wash (1 : 60). It is also used in snake bites. It can be used for purification of water.
• Spirit: It is used for disinfection of skin, instruments and ampules. It should not be applied to wounds or raw surfaces because it removes coagulum formed on the raw area.
• Boric acid: It is used in solution form (5%) as mouthwash and for irrigation of the urinary bladder, skin and mucosal inflammation like eczema, burns, bed sores, etc. It can be used in ointment form and as dusting powder.
• Iodine: It is used in the form of tincture (2%) for disinfection of skin, treatment of wounds, etc.
• Acriflavine: It is an aniline dye used as an antiseptic (1:1000) for dressing wounds. Glycerin acriflavine is useful for edematous and infected wounds. 14
• Nitrofurazone: It is used as an antibacterial agent for dressing wounds.
• Hydrogen peroxide: It is used for cleaning wounds on contact with tissues, it releases nascent oxygen which oxidizes necrotic material and the tissue debris and necrotic material float on the bubbles formed. Some heat is generated in the process.
• Gentian violet (1% solution): It is used in the application to infected wounds, mucous membranes and serous surfaces. It is used for treatment of monilial infections of throat and vagina.
• Carbolic acid: It is used to cauterize dog bites, snake bites, etc. It is also used to sterilize sharp instruments like scissors and scalpels.
• Harkreader H. Fundamentals of nursing: Caring and clinical judgment. W.B. Saunders.  Philadelphia:  2004.
• Hogan MA, Thobaben M. Harkreader, H. Study guide for fundamentals of nursing: Caring and clinical judgment. WB Saunders.  Philadelphia:  2004.
• Hogan MA, Thobaben M. Harkreader, H. Study guide for fundamentals of nursing: Caring and clinical judgment. W.B. Saunders.  Philadelphia:  2004.
• Jarvis, C. Physical exam and health assessment. W.B. Saunders.  Philadelphia:  2004.
• Mosby's medical, nursing & allied health dictionary (5th ed.). (1998). Mosby.  St Louis:  (If you already have a medical dictionary check with the course chair to see if it is acceptable)
• Perry, Pottor. Basic Nursing Essential for practice. Mosby;  New York;  5th ed. 1995.

for World Environment Day with code NATURE30

Share this article

Table of Contents

Latest updates.

Ways To Improve Learning Outcomes: Learn Tips & Tricks

Visual Learning Style for Students: Pros and Cons

NCERT Books for Class 6 Social Science 2024 – Download PDF

CBSE Syllabus for Class 9 Social Science 2023-24: Download PDF

CBSE Syllabus for Class 8 Maths 2024: Download PDF

NCERT Books for Class 6 Maths 2025: Download Latest PDF

CBSE Class 10 Study Timetable 2024 – Best Preparation Strategy

CBSE Class 10 Syllabus 2025 – Download PDF

CBSE Syllabus for Class 11 2025: Download PDF

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 16 Water – A Precious Resource

Tag cloud :.

• entrance exams
• engineering
• ssc cgl 2024
• Written By Sagarika Swamy
• Last Modified 30-01-2023

First Aid: Definition, Various Methods & Advantages

You hear about accidents every day. Accidents can happen if you are not careful and not paying attention to what you are doing. These can happen anywhere – at home, at school, in the playground, or on the road. But you can prevent accidents by following some simple safety rules. Sometimes, accidents happen even when you are careful. When there is an accident, the most important thing is first aid. First aid is the immediate help given to a victim before the doctor arrives.

Have you ever wondered how injuries are caused due to accidents and what are the different treatments given before taking the victim to a doctor? Yes, first aid is given differently for different injuries like cuts, burns, heart attack, snake bite, etc., according to the severity level of injuries. Hence, we should carry a first aid kit wherever necessary, such as during travelling, in school, private bus, etc. Let’s explore more in detail about first aid and its types in the below article.

What is Safety?

Safety is a condition that gives youdom from hazard, risk, and accident that may cause injury, damage, and loss to material or property damage and even death.

What is an Accident?

An accident is an unexpected or unplanned event that may or may not result in injury or damage or property loss, or death.

What is Injury?

Injury is defined as a harmful condition sustained by the body as a result of an accident.

What is First Aid?

First aid is the temporary and immediate treatment given to patients of accident and sudden illness before medical aid is available.

Fig: First Aid

Situations Where First Aid is Required

First aid is required in minor or major accidents. First aid should be given to save the life of the victim who is in danger. There are many situations where we can treat the person initially before taking the victim to the doctor. The few situations where we can analyze and give the basic first aid treatment are listed below:

1. Burns 2. Bleeding 3. Fractures 4. Heart Attack 5. Snake Bite 6. Stinging, etc.

Various Types of First Aid Methods in Different Injuries

(a) First Aid for Burn 1. Help the person to lie down horizontally on the floor. 2. Do not allow the injured area to come into direct contact with the ground. 3. Pour cold water on the burn for a minimum of 10 minutes, but at the same time, an arrangement of transport for taking the casualty to the hospital should be made. 4. Continue cooling the affected area until the pain is relieved. 5. Gently remove any ring, watch, belt, and shoes before the tissues begin to swell. Carefully remove burnt clothing if it is not sticking to the skin. 6. Cover the injured area with a sterile dressing to protect it from infection. 7. Gather and record details of the injury. Record the level of response, pulse, and breathing carefully. While waiting for the help to arrive, keep reassuring the casualty.

In case of a burn of the face, please do not cover the injury because it may cause discomfort to the victim. Keep cooling the area till the doctor arrives.

Fig: First Aid for Burn

(b) First Aid for Bleeding 1. Clean the cuts with cotton balls and apply the antiseptic cream for minor cuts. Apply the bandage according to the size of the wound or cuts caused. 2. In case of a deep cut, to avoid further bleeding, raise the cut part, wash with some antiseptic lotions, apply some antiseptic cream, cover the wound with cotton wool and tie tightly with some bandage. 3. When tissues become injured under the skin, blood vessels break, and blood oozes out into the surrounding area. The affected area becomes dark and creates bluish-black marks. These are called bruises . In such cases, the application of ice packs is useful to discolour and remove the swelling. 4. A tetanus injection should be given if required.

Fig: First Aid for Bleeding

(c) First Aid for Fractures 1. Lay down the person comfortably on the ground and try to comfort the initial shock. 2. Support the injured part immediately so that no movements occur. 3. Do not handle the fracture unnecessarily. 4. Never attempt to bring the bones to a normal position or reduce the fracture. Give support to a fractured part with sticks and bandages and take the injured person to a nearby hospital.

Fig: First Aid for Fractures

(d) First Aid for Heart Attack 1. Do not overcrowd around the patient. Make the person lie down on the floor and loosen the clothes. 2. Give the aspirin tablet immediately if available. 3. Compress and push hard and fast on the victim’s chest. 4. Tilt the victim’s head back and lift the chin to open the airway. 5. In high-risk cases, give mouth-to-mouth and rescue breaths.

Fig: First Aid for Heart Attack

(e) First Aid for Snake Bite 1. Squeeze out some blood from the bitten part. 2. Tie a tourniquet very tightly above the bitten part to prevent the flow of poisonous blood upward.

Fig: First Aid for Snake Bite

(f) First Aid for Stinging 1. Try to pull out the sting by pressing the wound with two fingers to squeeze out poisonous blood. 2. Apply some alkali, such as baking soda to neutralize the acidic effect of the sting.

(g) First Aid for Eyes Injuries 1. Do not rub with your hands; wash with clean water by sprinkling, and press softly with a clean handkerchief. 2. Blow the hot air to cotton clothes and keep on the eyes to reduce the swelling.

Fig: First Aid for Eyes

First Aid Box

A first aid box is a collection of different kinds of equipment used to give initial medical treatment.

Fig: First Aid Box

1. Scissors: It is used for cutting the different sized bandages. 2. Bandages: It is used to cover the wound from dust. 3. Cotton Pads: It is used to clean the blood. 4. Antiseptic Cream/Lotion: The antiseptic cream soothes and heals wounds, protects against infection. 5. Tourniquet: It is used to tie either of the sides during snake bites to prevent blood circulation throughout the body. 6. Aspirin: It is a tablet used to treat heart attack patients immediately. 7. Painkillers: Painkillers are used to reduce pain. 8. Triangular Bandages: It is used as an arm sling during fractures and helps to immobilize the broken part. 9. Safety Pins: Pins are used for holding and securing wraps and bandages. 10. Gloves: It is used for the person giving the first aid to avoid any infection.

Advantages of First Aid

1. The basic recovery from the illness or injuries. 2. The survival rate is high if the first aid is given on time to the victim. 3. First aid prevents the worsening of life of a respective person. 4. It limits the death rates. 5. First aid prevents deterioration.

First aid is the temporary care given to any injured person at the accident spot. We should know the first aid kit locations present in houses, offices, schools, buses, etc., to quickly first aid the victims. Before giving any first aid, we should know the severity and the cause of injury. We should help the person to lie down and should not make the victim scared. Do not panic and overcrowd around the victim. Since prevention is better than cure, it then becomes essential to take appropriate precautions. After initial first aid, the injured person should be transported to the nearby hospitals.

Q.1. What are the 5 main aims of first aid? Ans: The 5 main aims of first aid are: 1. To promote recovery. 2. To limit the effect of the condition. 3. To conserve life. 4. To avoid the causality of the deaths. 5. Provide pain relief.

Q.2. What are the items in a first aid kit? Ans: The basic items in a first aid kit are antiseptic creams, scissors, cotton balls, dettol, and antiseptic solutions like hydrogen peroxide, bandages, etc.

Q.3. What are the first aids for burning? Ans: The first aid for burning are: 1. The burnt place should be kept under the running water for 10-15 min. 2. Cover the injured area with a sterile dressing to protect it from infection. Do not use any butter, oil, or greasy substance on the burnt area.

Q.4. What are the basic first aids? Ans: The basic first aid is to check the seriousness of the injury and allow a person to get a proper airway, see whether the injured person is getting proper breathing and circulation. Call the ambulance and take the person immediately to the nearest hospital.

Q.5. What are the dos and don’ts of first aid? Ans: The do’s of the first aid are: 1. Apply the pressure on a cut part to stop bleeding. 2. The minor wounds should be washed with lukewarm water and cover the wound area with an antiseptic cloth. The don’ts of the first aid are: 1. We should not touch or clean the major wounds with dirty hands. 2. We should not use very cold water or ice packs on the wounds.

Learn About ECG In Detail Here

We hope this article on First Aid helps you in your preparation. Do drop in your queries in the comments section if you get stuck and we will get back to you at the earliest.

Related Articles

Ways To Improve Learning Outcomes: With the development of technology, students may now rely on strategies to enhance learning outcomes. No matter how knowledgeable a...

Visual Learning Style: We as humans possess the power to remember those which we have caught visually in our memory and that too for a...

NCERT Books for Class 6 Social Science 2024: Many state education boards, including the CBSE, prescribe the NCRET curriculum for classes 1 to 12. Thus,...

CBSE Syllabus for Class 9 Social Science: The Central Board of Secondary Education releases the revised CBSE Class 9 Social Science syllabus. The syllabus is...

CBSE Syllabus for Class 8 Maths 2023-24: Students in CBSE Class 8 need to be thorough with their syllabus so that they can prepare for the...

NCERT Books for Class 6 Maths 2025: The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) textbooks are the prescribed set of books for schools...

CBSE Class 10 Study Timetable: The CBSE Class 10 is the board-level exam, and the Class 10th students will appear for the board examinations for...

CBSE Class 10 Syllabus 2025: The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) conducts the Class 10 exams every year. Students in the CBSE 10th Class...

CBSE Syllabus for Class 11 2025: The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has published the Class 11 syllabus for all streams on its official...

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 16 Water – A Precious Resource: In this chapter, students will study about the importance of water. There are three...

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 10 2024: Respiration in Organisms

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 10 Respiration in Organisms: NCERT solutions are great study resources that help students solve all the questions associated...

Factors Affecting Respiration: Definition, Diagrams with Examples

In plants, respiration can be regarded as the reversal of the photosynthetic process. Like photosynthesis, respiration involves gas exchange with the environment. Unlike photosynthesis, respiration...

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 12

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants: The chapter 'Reproduction' in Class 7 Science discusses the different modes of reproduction in...

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 11

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 11: Chapter 11 of Class 7 Science deals with Transportation in Animals and Plants. Students need to ensure...

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 15: Light

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 15: The NCERT Class 7 Science Chapter 15 is Light. It is one of the most basic concepts. Students...

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 13

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 13: Chapter 13 in class 7 Science is Motion and Time. The chapter concepts have a profound impact...

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 14: Electric Current and its Effects

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 14: One of the most important chapters in CBSE Class 7 is Electric Current and its Effects. Using...

General Terms Related to Spherical Mirrors

General terms related to spherical mirrors: A mirror with the shape of a portion cut out of a spherical surface or substance is known as a...

Animal Cell: Definition, Diagram, Types of Animal Cells

Animal Cell: An animal cell is a eukaryotic cell with membrane-bound cell organelles without a cell wall. We all know that the cell is the fundamental...

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science 2024 – Download PDF

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science: The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) publishes NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science as a comprehensive...

NCERT Books for Class 12 Chemistry 2024: Download PDF

NCERT Books for class 12 Chemistry: NCERT publishes chemistry class 12 books every year. The NCERT chemistry class 12 books are essential study material for...

CBSE Class 9 Mock Tests 2025: Attempt Online Mock Test Series (Subject-wise)

We all have heard at least once that the secret to success is practice. Some of you could say it's a cliché, but those who...

NCERT Books for Class 10 Maths 2025: Download Latest PDF

NCERT Books for Class 10 Maths: The NCERT Class 10 Maths Book is a comprehensive study resource for students preparing for their Class 10 board exams....

Arc of a Circle: Definition, Properties, and Examples

Arc of a circle: A circle is the set of all points in the plane that are a fixed distance called the radius from a fixed point...

CBSE Class 10 Mock Test 2025: Practice Latest Test Series

CBSE Class 10 Mock Test 2025: Students' stress is real due to the mounting pressure of scoring good marks and getting into a renowned college....

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 2024: Science and Maths

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 2024: Students appearing for the CBSE Class 10 board exam must go through NCERT Solutions to prepare for the exams...

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 2024 – Physics, Chemistry, Maths, Biology

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 2023-24: The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 are meant to help students understand what the subject holds. These solutions are...

39 Insightful Publications

Embibe Is A Global Innovator

Innovator Of The Year Education Forever

Interpretable And Explainable AI

Revolutionizing Education Forever

Best AI Platform For Education

Enabling Teachers Everywhere

Decoding Performance

Leading AI Powered Learning Solution Provider

Auto Generation Of Tests

Disrupting Education In India

Problem Sequencing Using DKT

Help Students Ace India's Toughest Exams

Best Education AI Platform

Unlocking AI Through Saas

Fixing Student’s Behaviour With Data Analytics

Leveraging Intelligence To Deliver Results

Brave New World Of Applied AI

You Can Score Higher

Harnessing AI In Education

Personalized Ed-tech With AI

Exciting AI Platform, Personalizing Education

Disruptor Award For Maximum Business Impact

Top 20 AI Influencers In India

Proud Owner Of 9 Patents

Innovation in AR/VR/MR

Best Animated Frames Award 2024

Trending Searches

Previous year question papers, sample papers.

Practice First Aid Questions with Hints & Solutions

Practice First Aid Questions with Solutions & Ace Exam

Enter mobile number.

By signing up, you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms & Conditions