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• IEEE Reference Page | Format & Examples

IEEE Reference Page | Example & Format

Published on July 19, 2022 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on June 1, 2023.

The IEEE reference page (sometimes called the IEEE bibliography) appears at the end of your paper. It’s where you list full information about all the sources you’ve cited, numbered to match your IEEE in-text citations , so that the reader can find and consult them.

Follow these guidelines to format the reference page:

• Write the heading “References” in bold at the top, either left-aligned or centered.
• Write the reference numbers down the left side, in square brackets (not to be confused with parentheses ).
• Indent the references themselves consistently to separate them from the numbers.
• Single-space the references, with a normal paragraph break in between them.

Table of contents

Example of an ieee reference page, example references for common source types, numbering and ordering the reference list, general formatting guidelines for ieee references, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about ieee citation.

Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.

IEEE references follow specific formatting guidelines in order to provide full information on the source in a clear and consistent way. This generally consists of the author’s name, the title of the source, the publication date, information about where it was published, and sometimes a DOI .

Examples are shown below for common source types . Make sure to pay attention to punctuation (e.g., commas , periods and quotation marks ).

IEEE book citation

IEEE journal article citation

IEEE website citation

In IEEE citation format, your references are numbered to match the in-text citations that point the reader towards them. In-text citations and references are both numbered in the order they were cited in the text .

If you cite the same source repeatedly in your paper, it’s numbered based on the first time it was cited and appears only once on the reference page. To cite different parts of a source, use a different page number (or other locator) in each in-text citation. Don’t create duplicate references.

As you edit your paper, always double-check that the numbering of in-text citations still matches that on the reference page, or your citations will point to the wrong references. Make sure to add citations for all source types, whether they’re primary or secondary sources , or even tertiary sources .

While many details of your IEEE references vary based on the type of source you’re citing, there are some general rules about:

• Presenting author names
• Formatting source titles
• Abbreviating certain terms

Give the initials of the author’s first name and (if listed) middle name, and write their last name in full. Each initial is followed by a period and a space.

For a source with one to six authors, list all of them, separated by commas and (before the final one) the word “and.” You also use a comma before “and.” Write the names in the order they’re listed in the source. If there are seven or more, list the first author followed by “ et al. ” (italicized).

Titles are formatted in two basic ways in IEEE references, depending on whether it’s the title of something that stands on its own, or the title of something that’s part of a larger publication:

• Titles of standalone sources and containers (e.g., books, journals) are written in italics, with title case capitalization (capitalizing the first letter of all important words).
• Titles of sources contained in a larger publication (e.g., chapters in a book, journal articles) are enclosed in quotation marks, with only the first word (and any proper nouns ) capitalized.

Abbreviations

To keep references concise, IEEE recommends abbreviating the names of publishers, journals, universities, companies, conferences, and months (as well as using initials for authors’ names, as described above).

Months are all abbreviated to the first three letters, followed by a period (e.g., “Jun.”; but no period after May, since it’s already three letters long).

This table lists abbreviations for some other common words. A more comprehensive table can be accessed through the button below. Note that these words are only abbreviated in the contexts mentioned above, not in source titles.

View full table

If you want to know more about ChatGPT , AI tools , citation , and plagiarism , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

• ChatGPT vs human editor
• ChatGPT citations
• Is ChatGPT trustworthy?
• Using ChatGPT for your studies
• What is ChatGPT?

 Working with sources

• Paraphrasing
• Critical thinking
• Boolean operators
• Synthesizing sources

 Plagiarism

• Types of plagiarism
• Self-plagiarism
• Avoiding plagiarism
• Academic integrity
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• Common knowledge

The IEEE reference page consists of a list of references numbered in the order they were cited in the text. The title “References” appears in bold at the top, either left-aligned or centered.

The numbers appear in square brackets on the left-hand side of the page. The reference entries are indented consistently to separate them from the numbers. Entries are single-spaced, with a normal paragraph break between them.

In IEEE citation format , you should list the names of up to six authors in a reference on your IEEE reference page . If the source has seven or more authors, just list the first author’s name followed by “ et al. ” (in italics): “F. Gupta et al. , …”

In the main text, if you mention a source with three or more authors, you should use “et al.”: “Fowler et al. [11] argue that …”

Note that you’re not required to mention author names at all in the text though—just the IEEE in-text citation number is enough, in which case “et al.” isn’t needed: “[11] argues that …”

If you cite the same source more than once in your writing, use the same number for all of the IEEE in-text citations for that source, and only include it on the IEEE reference page once. The source is numbered based on the first time you cite it.

For example, the fourth source you cite in your paper is numbered [4]. If you cite it again later, you still cite it as [4]. You can cite different parts of the source each time by adding page numbers [4, p. 15]. Don’t use “ ibid .”

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Caulfield, J. (2023, June 01). IEEE Reference Page | Example & Format. Scribbr. Retrieved August 29, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/ieee/ieee-reference-page/

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Publications, advancing secure communication in the era of 6g through the air-space-ground-maritime networks, publication date, third quarter 2025, manuscript submission deadline, 30 november 2024, call for papers.

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With the relentless advancement of 6G technology, the future landscape of mobile communication networks is poised to witness a seamless integration between terrestrial cellular networks and non-terrestrial networks. This integration aims to establish a globally extensive air-space-ground-maritime network to meet the expanding application demands of next-generation mobile communication. Its service coverage extends from the traditional, limited two-dimensional terrestrial space to the vast three-dimensional expanse near the Earth's surface, facilitating comprehensive and volumetric network connectivity. In addition, the exponential growth in demand for 6G networks in the future makes network security more important than ever. However, due to the broadcasting nature of wireless transmission, wireless links are susceptible to security threats such as interference attacks and information leakage. Therefore, research on information security technologies, such as covert communication, is essential for the future development of air-space-ground-maritime networks.

Against the backdrop of 6G advancements, the integration of the air-space-ground-maritime network presents formidable challenges in the realm of information security. The amalgamation of terrestrial, aerospace and maritime networks introduces vulnerabilities at the intersection, requiring innovative solutions to secure the seamless fusion of these disparate communication domains. Moreover, expanding communication networks into the three-dimensional space near the Earth's surface brings forth unique security concerns. Addressing these challenges necessitates a thorough exploration of encryption, authentication, and intrusion detection mechanisms tailored to the specific characteristics of this volumetric communication landscape. The covert communication aspect within this integrated framework adds an additional layer of complexity. Exploring techniques and protocols for covert communications demands attention to balance security and privacy concerns while harnessing the benefits of concealed data transmission. Lastly, as 6G networks evolve, so do the threats to information security. Establishing resilient mechanisms to counteract emerging threats is vital. 

Consequently, this Special Issue (SI) aims to offer a platform for researchers from both academia and industry to publish recent research findings and to discuss opportunities, challenges, and solutions related to air-space-ground-maritime Networks. Potential topics of interest include but are not limited to the following.

• Global Air-space-Ground-Maritime Network: A Paradigm Shift in Mobile Communication
• Security Challenges in Air-space-Ground-Maritime Networks
• Resilience Against Emerging Threats in Integrated Air-Space-Ground-Maritime Networks
• Innovative Approaches to Mitigate Interference Attacks in Integrated Air-Space-Ground-Maritime Networks
• Information Leakage Prevention for Air-space-Ground-Maritime Network 
• Proactive Security Measures for the Exponential Growth for Air-space-Ground-Maritime Network
• Three-Dimensional Security Concerns in Near-Earth Communication
• Encryption Strategies for Volumetric Communication Landscape
• Key technologies to enhance the resilience for the Air-space-Ground-Maritime integrated network
• Traffic control technologies in the Air-space-Ground-Maritime integrated network
• Intrusion Detection in Three-Dimensional Network Space
• Secure Communication in Air-space-Ground-Maritime Networks
• Covert Communication Techniques in Air-space-Ground-Maritime Networks

Submission Guidelines

Manuscripts should conform to the standard format as indicated in the Information for Authors section of the Manuscript Submission Guidelines . Please, check these guidelines carefully before submitting since submissions not complying with them will be administratively rejected without review.

All manuscripts to be considered for publication must be submitted by the deadline through Author Portal . Select the “SI-2401 / Advancing Secure Communication in the Era of 6G through the Air-Space-Ground-Maritime Networks）” topic from the drop-down menu of Topic/Series titles. Please observe the dates specified here below noting that there will be no extension of submission deadline.

Important Dates

Manuscript Submission: 30 November 2024  Acceptance Notification: 31 January 2025  Final Manuscript Due: 28 March 2025  Publication: Third Quarter 2025

Guest Editors

Wen Tian (Lead Guest Editor) Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, China

Zhu Han University of Houston, USA

Ángeles Vazquez Castro The Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain         

Mohsen Guizani Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, UAE          

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College of engineering, lina he, ghansham meghwar, shiwen yu receive ieee pes best paper award, lina he, ghansham meghwar, shiwen yu receive ieee pes best paper award heading link copy link.

Assistant Professor Lina He and two of her graduate students, Ghansham Meghwar and Shiwen Yu, have been honored for their paper, “An Enhanced Fault Detection Strategy Based on Transient Voltage in Multi-terminal HVDC Grid,” which was presented in July at the 2024 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.

The IEEE PES General Meeting unites professionals and researchers from the power and energy engineering field worldwide. The conference draws in thousands of attendees from academia, industry, and government sectors and is the most prestigious annual gathering in the field.

“With approximately 1,200 paper submissions this year, being selected as the best paper among less than 5% of submissions is truly an honor,” He said.

“The paper presents an innovative fault detection and classification algorithm for multi-terminal HVDC grids based on transient energy,” He said. “This cutting-edge approach ensures a more robust and reliable threshold selection for DC fault detection, aiming to accelerate renewable energy integration and enhance power grid resilience.”

“This topic is particularly significant as it aligns with one of my focuses on offshore wind integration,” she added.

He has four concurrent grants, securing a total of $6.1 million in funding for UIC.

He is the director of the  Power Energy Innovation laboratory  in the ECE department at UIC.  Prior to joining UIC in 2018 , He was a senior consultant and project manager with Siemens. Her research interests include modeling, controlling, protecting, and securing of power electronics-based power systems, renewable energy integration, HVDC control and operation, PMUs, and wide-area protection and cybersecurity. He is currently seeking fully funded PhD candidates and postdocs to join her lab, particularly those with a strong background in power systems, power electronics, machine learning, and renewable energy integration.

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