research methodology question paper for phd entrance

50 Best MCQs on Research Methodology for PhD Entrance Exams 2024

Prepare to ace your PhD entrance examination with the 50 Best MCQs on Research Methodology. Sharpen your skills and get ready for success!

Table of Contents

50 best mcqs on research methodology.

MCQs on Research Methodology SET-1

1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of scientific research?

A) Objectivity

B) Subjectivity

C) Systematic

D) Empirical

Answer: B) Subjectivity

2. The process of reviewing existing literature to gather information and ideas related to a research topic is known as:

A) Data analysis

B) Data collection

C) Literature review

D) Data interpretation

Answer: C) Literature review

3. Which of the following is NOT a qualitative research method?

B) Case study

C) Ethnography

D) Grounded theory

Answer: A) Survey

4. What is the purpose of a pilot study in research?

A) To test the feasibility of the main study

B) To gather preliminary data

C) To refine research methods

D) All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above

5. In a normal distribution curve, what percentage of data falls within one standard deviation from the mean?

Answer: A) 68%

6. Which sampling method involves selecting every nth member from a list to be included in the sample?

A) Stratified sampling

B) Systematic sampling

C) Convenience sampling

D) Snowball sampling

Answer: B) Systematic sampling

7. Which of the following is NOT a component of a research proposal?

A) Abstract

B) Introduction

D) Data analysis

Answer: D) Data analysis

8. What is the primary purpose of an experimental research design?

A) To establish cause-and-effect relationships

B) To describe and understand phenomena

C) To explore relationships between variables

D) To gather in-depth insights

Answer: A) To establish cause-and-effect relationships

9. Which statistical test is used to determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two independent groups?

C) Chi-square test

D) Pearson correlation

Answer: A) t-test

10. What is the term for the extent to which research findings can be generalized to other populations, settings, and times?

A) Validity

B) Reliability

C) Generalizability

D) Replicability

Answer: C) Generalizability

MCQs on Research Methodology SET-2

11. Which of the following is a type of non-probability sampling technique?

A) Random sampling

B) Stratified sampling

D) Cluster sampling

Answer: C) Convenience sampling

12. What is the purpose of informed consent in research involving human subjects?

A) To ensure participants are paid for their time

B) To ensure participants are fully aware of the study’s purpose, procedures, and risks

C) To guarantee confidentiality of participants’ data

D) To provide participants with an opportunity to withdraw from the study at any time

Answer: B) To ensure participants are fully aware of the study’s purpose, procedures, and risks

13. Which of the following is NOT a type of qualitative data analysis?

A) Content analysis

B) Descriptive statistics

C) Thematic analysis

Answer: B) Descriptive statistics

14. What is the term for a test’s ability to measure what it claims to measure?

A) Reliability

B) Validity

D) Precision

Answer: B) Validity

15. Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?

A) Standard deviation

D) Variance

Answer: B) Median

16. What type of research design involves studying the same group of individuals over an extended period?

A) Cross-sectional

B) Longitudinal

C) Experimental

D) Case study

Answer: B) Longitudinal

17. Which of the following is NOT a step in the quantitative research process?

A) Data collection

B) Hypothesis generation

C) Theory development

Answer: C) Theory development

18. What is the term for the phenomenon where participants modify their behavior because they are aware of being observed?

A) Social desirability bias

B) Hawthorne effect

C) Confirmation bias

D) Placebo effect

Answer: B) Hawthorne effect

19. Which of the following is NOT a criterion for establishing causality in research?

A) Temporal precedence

B) Covariation of cause and effect

C) Correlation

D) Absence of confounding variables

Answer: C) Correlation

20. What is the purpose of peer review in the research publication process?

A) To ensure research findings are accurate

B) To provide constructive feedback to authors

C) To determine whether a study is worthy of publication

MCQs on Research Methodology SET-3

21. Which of the following is an example of a dependent variable?

D) Test scores

Answer: D) Test scores

22. What is the term for a systematic error in measurement that leads to consistent underestimation or overestimation of the true value?

A) Random error

B) Sampling error

D) Variability

Answer: C) Bias

23. Which of the following is NOT a type of reliability?

A) Test-retest reliability

B) Internal consistency reliability

C) Inter-rater reliability

D) Construct reliability

Answer: D) Construct reliability

24. Which type of validity refers to the degree to which a study’s findings can be generalized to other populations, settings, and times?

A) Internal validity

B) External validity

C) Construct validity

D) Content validity

Answer: B) External validity

25. Which of the following is NOT an ethical principle governing research involving human subjects?

A) Respect for persons

B) Beneficence

Answer: D) Honesty

26. What type of research design is characterized by the researcher’s direct involvement in the research setting?

A) Experimental

B) Ex post facto

C) Observational

D) Correlational

Answer: C) Observational

27. What is the term for a measure’s consistency or stability over time?

Answer: B) Reliability

28. Which of the following is NOT a type of probability sampling technique?

A) Simple random sampling

B) Quota sampling

C) Snowball sampling

D) Systematic sampling

Answer: C) Snowball sampling

29. What is the term for a type of research that seeks to describe and understand phenomena in their natural settings?

A) Experimental research

B) Quantitative research

C) Qualitative research

D) Mixed-methods research

Answer: C) Qualitative research

30. Which of the following is a measure of dispersion?

Answer: C) Range

MCQs on Research Methodology SET-4

31. Which of the following is NOT a type of experimental design?

A) Pre-experimental design

B) Quasi-experimental design

C) True experimental design

D) Descriptive design

Answer: D) Descriptive design

32. What is the term for the phenomenon where participants provide responses they believe are socially acceptable rather than their true opinions?

Answer: A) Social desirability bias

33. Which of the following is NOT a qualitative data collection method?

B) Interview

C) Observation

D) Focus group discussion

34. Which of the following is an example of a continuous variable?

B) Marital status

D) Country of residence

Answer: C) Age

35. Which of the following is NOT a type of probability sampling technique?

A) Cluster sampling

B) Convenience sampling

C) Stratified sampling

D) Random sampling

Answer: B) Convenience sampling

36. What is the term for a measure’s ability to produce consistent results when administered multiple times?

37. Which of the following is a type of non-probability sampling technique?

38. What is the term for the phenomenon where participants modify their behavior because they are aware of being observed?

39. Which of the following is NOT a criterion for establishing causality in research?

40. What is the purpose of peer review in the research publication process?

MCQs on Research Methodology SET-5

41. Which of the following is an example of a dependent variable?

42. What is the term for a systematic error in measurement that leads to consistent underestimation or overestimation of the true value?

43. Which of the following is NOT a type of reliability?

44. Which type of validity refers to the degree to which a study’s findings can be generalized to other populations, settings, and times?

45. Which of the following is NOT an ethical principle governing research involving human subjects?

46. What type of research design is characterized by the researcher’s direct involvement in the research setting?

47. What is the term for a measure’s consistency or stability over time?

48. Which of the following is NOT a type of probability sampling technique?

49. What is the term for a type of research that seeks to describe and understand phenomena in their natural settings?

50. Which of the following is a measure of dispersion?

What is Research Methodology ?

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Research methodology mcqs | research methodology short questions & answers.

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Free download in PDF Research Methodology Multiple Choice Questions(MCQs) & Answers. These multiple choice questions on Research Methodology are very useful for PhD entrance exam.

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Answer: Helps those interested in further research and studying the problem from another angle

Answer: It depends on your point of view

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Answer: Pr absorbs red light and becomes Pfr

Answer: Involves testing an explicitly defined hypothesis

Answer: A hypothesis

Answer: Sampling people, newspapers, television programmes etc.

Answer: Introduction; Literature review; Research methods; Results; Discussion; Conclusion

Answer: Research questions

Answer: Experimental studies

Answer: Laboratory and field experiments

Answer: Reference collection

Answer: Emphasis upon the control of the immediate situation

Answer: Longitudinal

Answer: Cross-sectional studies

Answer: Variables

Answer: All of these

Answer: General terms

Answer: Inadequate sample

Answer: Fact finding (historical) studies

Answer: Booth

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65 Research Methodology Question Paper PDF Download Free

In case you are preparing for your final year dissertation, you might be interested in downloading a research methodology question paper PDF.

This article will discuss where to find such a question bank. We have given the direct links to download the question papers .

The links in this article will guide you through the steps needed to download and use the question bank. Moreover, it will help you understand what exactly goes into creating a good research methodology question paper. Here are some tips that will help you succeed in this course.

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Research Methodology Question Paper PDF

The Research methodology MCQ questions are designed to test the knowledge of the students in their field. They are applicable to competitive and academic MBA, regular, and distance-learning courses. It is important to choose the research question carefully, as it determines the purpose of your study.

The Research Methodology Question Paper questions may be related to a gap in knowledge, analyzing academic assumptions, monitoring a practice development, testing theories, or comparing methods. Ensure that the research question is appropriate for the discipline and institution and is based on a problem-solving framework.

Research Methodology Question Bank pdf

The M.Com Accountancy (IDOL) Research Methodology question paper is available in pdf format for download. It is a good practice to download previous year’s question papers from the Internet as this will help you to learn the techniques used in solving them.

Also, you can look up the solutions of the sample papers to know how to do better in your own research. However, be sure to select the right question paper for your course.

The first step in any research is the formulation of a hypothesis. A hypothesis is a statement regarding a particular population’s size or behaviour. This is followed by research designs. Samples are the group of individuals chosen for a study.

The data collected is analyzed using various techniques. They may be observational or experimental. Regardless of the technique used, the study must answer two research questions. The data collection is based on several methods, including observational research, experimentation, simulation, and derived methodology.

Research Methodology Question Bank with Answers pdf

The first thing you need to do is figure out the research methodology. The research methodology includes the methods and procedures for conducting research. These Research Methodology Question Paper may include physical surveys, questionnaires, interviews, or participant observations. Once you have decided what method to use, you can begin preparing for the exam. Here are some things you need to know about this type of exam.

This article will help you decide what method you want to use. You can also use the research methodology question bank to study various subject aspects.

The objective of the Research Methodology Question Papers is to discover a frequency or an association. It involves collecting data and conducting research using a systematic, logical approach. It involves data analysis, interpretation, and formation of principles.

With the help of Research Methodology Question Papers, you will also need to figure out if the research problem is true or false and whether it’s valid. The process includes steps and criteria for valid research. You will need to know how to gather data, evaluate results, and evaluate findings correctly.

Assignment Questions

• Define and explain the term “Research”. Explain its importance and objectives.
• Define the main issues which should receive the attention of the researcher in formulating the research problem. Give suitable examples.
• Explain in brief the stages in the data processing.
• Briefly explain the significance of data processing. What is the problem associated with data processing?

Firstly, you need to determine whether you’re conducting an ex post facto study. This type of research design is used to investigate the effects of a situation after it happens.

In this case, the researcher can use data not relevant to the problem understudies, such as cash register receipts or customer grievance data. Alternatively, you can use a sample from a national survey.

This type of research is very useful for various situations, such as market research, because it allows you to compare different factors, such as cost, quality, and consistency.

Research Methodology Question Paper in English

Research Methodology Question Paper in Hindi

Ultimately, it would be best if you defined your research question. You need to know your objectives and goals. Once you’ve defined your research question, you need to define your variables. T

hese will result in your final result. By defining your variables and identifying the variables in a study, you will know what to focus on for the final analysis. It’s a must-have tool for any researcher who needs to conduct research. You may take the help of Research Methodology Question Papers.

Experimentation is another method you’ll need to know. In this method, you can establish a causal relationship among variables. The method is also known as experimental research. You can also perform qualitative research, which is mostly exploratory and relies on subjective data. By collecting data, you can develop testable hypotheses and make predictions about the outcome. These results then prove the hypotheses. This method can be used for any research, whether you’re experimenting with science or social work.

A problem is usually defined. Once you’ve defined the problem and chosen the methodology, you can begin collecting data. Research Methodology Question Paper will help you develop the problem, gather data, and test hypotheses. You’ll also need to write a study plan. After that, you’ll need to write the hypothesis, which outlines the methodology you’ll use for your research. If you’re unsure, refer to a research methodology question bank with answers pdf.

PhD Entrance Exam Question Paper For Research Methodology

The PhD entrance exam for research methodology focuses on the principles of a research project. It includes questions on the following: the characteristics of a good researcher, the types of research, case study research, and statistical applications. It also covers the types of research reports, their structure, and their reasoning. The exam will also cover current affairs. Here are some tips to help you ace the research methodology section of the entrance exam with the help of Research Methodology Question Papers.

Answer any TWO of the following

(2 x20 = 40 Marks)

• Write an essay on the preparation of  a manuscript for publications
• Describe various methods of collection of insects in the field.
• Describe any two types of Taxonomic keys with examples.
• Give an account of the types of preservation of insects.

Attempt Research Methodology Question Paper:  Attempt a PHD entrance exam in research methodology to familiarize yourself with the topics. By doing this, you will have an idea of the types of questions you will be asked during the examination.

This is also a good time to get advice from senior students. Ask them for help and clarification on any question that they feel is tricky. In this way, you can maximize your chances of acing the PhD entrance exam.

PhD Research Methodology Old Question Papers

Are you planning to write your PhD in Research Methodology? Are you wondering how to prepare for the PhD research methodology question paper? You can learn how to prepare from the below tips.

The research methodology syllabus consists of several topics that cover the qualities of a good researcher. Other topics in this section are the various types of research and their merits. The topics also cover logic and reasoning, the structure of a research report, and its components.

Class Test Questions

• What are ethical issues concerning the research participants of the research activity? Explain.
• What are the characteristics of research? Explain how quantitative researches differ from qualitative research.
• Explain the significance of primary data. What are the limitations of primary data? Explain in brief the stages in the data processing.
• Discuss the various methods of research? Explain the various factors to be considered in making the decision on the sampling method.

1. PhD Research Methodology Old Question Paper 2020

In the PhD research methodology question paper 2020, students must explain the main reasons behind their chosen data collection and analysis method.

They must also highlight the practical limitations of the method used. This information should be limited to the reasons for the choice of the methodology, which should not include irrelevant details.

For instance, basic procedures should only be explained when the research subject is unfamiliar with them. This will help them score a high mark in the research methodology section.

2. PhD Research Methodology Old Question Paper 2019

A key feature of a PHD research methodology question paper is that it should be based on an academic question that is of interest to researchers and practitioners in the subject. It should be derived from the literature, current situation, or practice of the subject.

Research Methodology Question Papersuld has a clearly stated purpose and can be anything from filling a knowledge gap to analyzing academic assumptions and monitoring developments in practice. It can also be about testing theories within a certain population. The question should also be appropriate for the discipline, institution, and community.

SECTION – A  

(10 x 2 = 20 Marks)

Answer ALL questions

• What are the advantages of Websites in literature collections?
• What is Curating?
• Distinguish conceptual from empirical research.
• What are Tautonyms?
• Define international code of Zoological Nomenclature.
• Define the term – Null hypothesis.
• Distinguish bar diagram from a histogram.
• What is a holotype?
• Mention any two objectives of the Research.
• Differentiate acclimation from acclimatisation

UGC NET Research Methodology Old Question Paper

In the recent UGC NET exam, questions were asked about the research methods. Research Methodology Question Papers covered critical features of research methods, the definition of the research question, hypotheses, data collection, analysis, and reporting procedures.

Students should familiarize themselves with these topics and the questions that will be asked during the examination. If you are preparing for the UGC NET exam, you should prepare by referring to UGC NET mock tests.

In addition to studying the UGC NET syllabus, it is also important to learn the different referencing styles. The UGC NET Research methodology question paper includes study notes on the various accepted referencing styles. The study notes also feature a list of helpful ICT tools to aid you in your preparation. These include tools such as Mendeley and IBM SPSS. Also, the notes include information about the application of ICT to research.

SECTION – B

(4X 10  = 40 Marks)

Answer any four of the following

• Explain briefly the types of sampling.
• What is Berlese Funnel?  Explain its use in the collection of arthropods.
• Write an account of types in insect taxonomy.
• Summarize statistical techniques used in experiments.
• Explain the impact of physicochemical parameters in stress experiments.
• Bring out the significance of current contents and review volumes in research.

MBA Research Methodology Old Question Paper

The MBA research methodology question paper is for the first year of the course and has a simple pattern. Each question carries the same number of marks and includes long answer types. The questions in the question paper cover different aspects of the research process, such as the types of experimental designs, the scales used for measuring variables, and the different factor analyses.

The research methodology question paper also includes the format and layout of a research report. To ensure a good score, candidates are advised to read previous year’s papers to familiarize themselves with the format and content of the exam.

Students should understand the importance of selecting the appropriate statistical technique for the analysis. They must be able to distinguish between non-parametric statistical techniques and parametric statistics. They must also be able to define the research report, thesis, and the significance of the research work.

The question paper also requires the students to understand the format and pattern of the Business Research methodology question paper. The syllabus of the course is available for download in pdf format.

Research Methodology Old Question Paper MCQs

Students preparing for MBA exams should familiarize themselves with Research methodology MCQ questions. Research Methodology Question Papers may be asked in the regular or distance mode. They can be asked about academic, competitive, and managerial research topics. Identifying the problem is the first step in designing a research study.

This process will help you develop a hypothesis and plan of investigation. Then you will have to reduce the problem to a more manageable one.

Moreover, you should understand that Secondary data does not necessarily have to be relevant to the problem under study. For example, you can use cash register receipts or customer grievances data.

Secondary data may also be obtained from national surveys, such as the Statistical Abstracts of India. The purpose of secondary data is to inform decision-makers and make them aware of the importance of their findings. The next step is to analyze the data.

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How to Answer Research Methodology MCQs

This article will teach you how to answer the research methodology MCQs on the UGC NET and MBA research methodology question papers. Hopefully, this will make the task a little easier. But, first, you should be familiar with how the research methodology question paper is formatted.

Below are some questions to keep in mind. When possible, make sure to use an example question paper to illustrate the different methods. If possible, you should also record your research methods. This will ensure that you capture all the small details.

1. “One of the methods of logical reasoning process” is called

   a) Induction   b) Deduction   c) Research d) Experiment

2. “A systematic step-by-step Procedure following the logical process of reasoning” called

   a) Experiment b) Observation c) Deduction d) Scientific method

3. An essential Criterion of Scientific study is called

   a) Belief   b) Value    c) Objectivity d) Subjective

4. “Reasoning from general to particular “is called

   a) Induction   b) deduction c) Observation d) experience

5“Deduction and induction are a part of the system of reasoning” – stated by

a) Caroline   b) P.V.Young  c) Dewey John d) Emory

6 ……….. is a “systematically conceptual structure of interrelated elements in some schematic form”

a) Concept   b) Variable c) Model   d) Facts

7 The method by which a sample is chosen

a) Unit   b) design   c) Random   d) Census

8 Research conducted to find a solution for an immediate problem is ………….

a) Fundamental Research              b) Analytical Research

c) Survey.                                          d) Action Research

9 Fundamental Research is otherwise called

a) Action Research   b) Survey   c) Pilot study   d) Pure Research

10 A research which follows the case study method is called

a) Clinical or diagnostic    b) Causal

c) Analytical                        d) Qualitative

11 Research conducted in a classroom atmosphere is called

a) Field study                        b) Survey

c) Laboratory Research      d) Empirical Research

12. Research through experiment and observation is called

   a) Clinical Research             b) Experimental Research

   c) Laboratory Research       d) Empirical Research

13 ………….. is a way to systematically solve the research problem

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Multiple Choice Questions

• Conference proceedings are considered as.documents. a. Conventional b. Primary c. Secondary d. Tertiary Answer : b. Primary
• Informationis….. a. RawData b. Processed Data c. Inputdata d. Organized data Answer : b. Processed Data
• Information acquired by experience or experimentation is called as: a. Empirical b. Scientific c. Facts d. Scientific Evidence Answer : b. Scientific
• Abstract elements representing classes of phenomena within the field of study are called : a.Concepts b.Theories c.Variables d.Hypothesis Answer: a. Concepts
• All living things are made up of cells Blue whale is a living being, Thereforeblue whale is made up of cells’ The reasoning used here is a. Inductive b. Deductive c. Hypothetic deductive d. Both a and b Answer : b. Deductive
• Questionnaire is a: a. Research method b. Measurement technique c. Tool for data collection d. Data analysis technique Answer : b. Measurement Technique
• Mean, Median and Mode are a. Measures of deviation b. Ways of sampling c. Measure of control tendency d. None of the above Answer : c. Measure of control tendency
• The reasoning that uses general principle to predict specific results is calledas- a. Inductive b. Deductive c. Both a and b d. Hypothetic o-deductive Answer : b. Deductive
• A research paper is a brief report of research work based on a. Primary Data only b. Secondary Data only c. Both a and b d. None of the above Answer : c. Both a and b
• Research is a. Searching again and again b. Finding solutions to any problem c. Working in a scientific way to d. None -of the above Answer : c. Working in a scientific way to
• Multiple-choice questions are an example of a. OrdinalMeasure b. Nominal Measure c. RatioMeasure d. None of the above Answer : b. Nominal Measure
• Which of the variables cannot be expressed in quantitative terms a. Socio economic status b. Marital status c. Numerical aptitude d. Professional attitude Answer : d. Professional attitude
• The essential qualities of a researcher are : a. Spirit of free enquiry b. Reliance on observation c. Reliance on evidences d. All of the above Answer : d. All the above
• A research process starts with- a. Hypothesis b. Experiment to test hypothesis c. Observation d. None of the above Answer : a. Hypothesis
• Who was the proponent of deductive method- a. FrancisBacon b. Christian Huygenes c. Aristotle d. Isaac Newton Answer : b. Christian Huygenes
• The non-random sampling type that involves selecting a convenience sample from a population with a specific set of characteristics for your research study is called a. Convenience sampling b. Quota sampling c. Purposive sampling d. None of the above Answer : a. Convenience Sampling
• Which of the following is NOT an example of a non-random sampling technique? a. Purposive b. Quota c. Convenience d. Cluster Answer : c. Convenience
• The purpose of drawing sample from a population is known as a. Sampling b. Census c. Survey research d. None of the above Answer : a. Sampling
• Sampling in qualitative research is similar to which type of sampling in quantitative research a. Simple random sampling b. Systematic sampling c. Quotasampling d. Purposive sampling Answer : d. Purposive sampling
• A set of rules that govern overall data communications system is popularly known as……….. a. Protocol b. Agreement c. Pact d. Memorandum Answer : a. Protocol

Essay Questions

•  Basic Research: In this type of research, data is collected to enhance knowledge. The purpose is non-commercial research that is generally not used to invent anything.
•  Applied research: The focus of this research is to analyze and solve real-life problems. It prefers to help solve a practical problem with scientific methods.
•  Problem-Oriented research: It focuses on understanding the nature of the problem to find a relevant solution. The problem could be in various forms; this research analyses the situation.
•  Problem-solving research: Companies usually conduct this type of research to understand and resolve their problems. The research is to find a solution to an existing problem.
•  Qualitative research is a process of inquiry that helps to create an in-depth understanding of problems and issues. It has open ended questions
• State the purpose clearly
• Define the concepts used
• Describe the research procedure in sufficient detail that allows another researcher to make further advancement on the topic
• Design the procedure carefully to achieve desired results
• Data analysis should reveal adequate significance
• Appropriate analysis methods should be used.
• Carefully check the validity and reliability of the data.
• Conclusions should be confined to justify the research data and limit for the which data provides and adequate basis
• Systematic research: Conduct research in structured format with specified steps, rules while keeping in perspective the creative thinking.
•  Research is guided by logical reasoning and process of deduction and induction, which serves as a great value in carrying out research.
•  It is empirical: research is related to one or more than one aspects in real situation that deals with concrete data
•  It is replicable: the characteristics allow researchers to replicate study and building a sound basis for decisions.
• Observing Behaviors of Participants:
• Questionnaire Method
• Interview Method
• Schedules Method
• Information from Correspondents
• Identify the problem
• Review the Literature
• Clarify the Problem
• Clearly Define Terms and Concepts
• Define the Population
• Develop the Instrumentation Plan
• Collect Data
• Analyze the Data

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Research Methodology and Statistics Ph.D Entrance Test (Model Question Paper Part – 1/3)

Ph.d. entrance examination model question paper.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY & STATISTICS

Set – 1 / 3

(1). Discuss the importance of illustrations, graphs and photographs in research papers.

(2). What is the relevance of questionnaires in data collection and interpretation?

(3). Differentiate between correlation and regression analysis.

(4). What is Chi-Square test? Explain its significance in statistical analysis of any research problem.

(5). Add a short note on negative and positive correlation.

(6). Explain one-way and two-way ANOVA.

(7). Explain bibliography.

(8). What is hypothesis testing?

(9). How relevant in ethics and the role of ethical committees in the field of research?

(10). Explain in detail about the different steps involved in developing a research plan.

(11).  Explain deliberate sampling.

(12).  What is systematic sampling?

(13).  Explain the methods of graphical representation of data.

(14).  What are the advantages of graphical representation of data?

(15).  Describe Student -t Test.

(16).  What you meant by stratified sampling?

(17).  What are the characteristics of multi-stage sampling?

(18).  What is the importance of research funding? Provide an account on how to write a project proposal for research.

(19).  Give an account on the copy right issues and plagiarism. What are the protective measures adopted in scientific research to check plagiarism?

(20).  Describe the different styles of reference citation. What is reference manager software?

Research Methodology Model Question Paper    Set – 2    |   Set – 3    |

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Research Methodology Mock Test (PhD Entrance Test)

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1 . Question

Who was the author of the book named “Methods in Social Research”?

• Goode and Hatt

Goode and Halt

Explanation: The book named “Methods in Social Research” was authored by Goode and Hatt on Dec 01, 1952, which was specifically aimed to improve student’s knowledge as well as response skills.

2 . Question

What is the major attribute of Correlation Analysis?

• Association among variables
• Difference among variables
• Regression among variables
• Variations among variables

Explanation:  Mainly the correlational analysis focus on finding the association between one or more quantitative independent variables and one or more quantitative dependent variables.

3 . Question

What is the name of the conceptual framework in which the research is carried out?

• Research hypothesis
• Synopsis of Research
• Research paradigm
• Research design

Explanation:  A conceptual framework can be understood as a Research design that you require before research.

4 . Question

What is the main role of research in education?

• To upsurge one's social status.
• To increase one's job prospects.
• To augment one's personal growth.
• To help an applicant in becoming a renowned educationalist.

To help an applicant in becoming a renowned educationalist

Explanation:  Educational research can be defined as an assurance for reviewing and improving educational practice, which will result in becoming a renowned educationalist.

5 . Question

Which of the following features are considered as critical in qualitative research?

• Collecting data with the help of standardized research tools
• Design sampling with probability sample techniques
• Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence
• Gathering data with top-down schematic evidence
• Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence.

Explanation:  In qualitative research, we use an inductive methodology that starts from particular to general. In other words, we study society from the bottom, then move upward to make the theories.

6 . Question

How is random sampling helpful?

• Reasonably accurate
• An economical method of data collection
• Free from personal biases
• All of the above

Explanation:  In random sampling, for each element of the set, there exist a possibility to get selected.

7 . Question

A research intends to explore the result of possible factors for the organization of effective mid-day meal interventions. Which research method will be most appropriate for this study?

• Descriptive survey method
• Historical method
• Ex-post facto method
• Experimental method

Explanation:  Mainly in the ex-post facto method, the existing groups with qualities are compared on some dependent variable. It is also known as quasi-experimental for the fact that instead of randomly assigning the subjects, they are grouped on the basis of a particular characteristic or trait.

8 . Question

Tippit table refers to as _________

• Table of random digits
• The table used in sampling methods
• The table used in statistical investigations

Explanation:  Tippit table was first published by L.H.C Tippett in 1927.

9 . Question

In order to pursue the research, which of the following is priorly required?

• Developing a research design
• Formulating a research question
• Deciding about the data analysis procedure
• Formulating a research hypothesis

Explanation:  Before starting with research, it is necessary to have a research question or a topic because once the problem is identified, then we can decide the research design.

10 . Question

The format of thesis writing is the same as in

• Writing of Seminar representation
• Preparation of research paper/article
• A research dissertation
• Presenting a workshop/conference paper

Explanation:  The format of thesis writing is similar to that of a research dissertation, or we can simply say that dissertation is another word for a thesis.

11 . Question

Which one among the following statements is false in the context of participatory research?

• It recognizes knowledge as power
• It is a collective process of inquiry
• It emphasizes people as experts
• Its sole purpose is the production of knowledge

Explanation:  Participatory action research is a kind of research that stresses participation and action.

12 . Question

Which one among the following statement is true in the context of the testing of hypotheses?

• It is only the alternative hypotheses that can be tested.
• It is only the null hypotheses that can be tested.
• Both the alternative and the null hypotheses can be tested.
• Both the alternative and the null hypotheses cannot be tested.

It is only the null hypothesis that can be tested.

Explanation:  Hypotheses testing evaluates its plausibility by using sample data.

13 . Question

What are the conditions in which Type-I error occurs?

• The null hypotheses get accepted even if it is false
• The null hypotheses get rejected even if it is true
• Both the null hypotheses as well as alternative hypotheses are rejected
• None of the above

Explanation:  The Type-I Error can be defined as the first kind of error.

14 . Question

Research and Development become the index of development of the country. Which of the following reasons are true with regards to this statement?

• R & D targets human development
• R & D can enhance people's standard of living in the country
• R & D reflects the actual economic and social conditions being prevailed in the country
• All the above

All of the above.

Explanation:  No explanation.

15 . Question

What does the longitudinal research approach actually deal with?

• Long-term research
• Short-term research
• Horizontal research

Explanation:  In general, the longitudinal approach is long-term research in which the researchers keep on examining similar individuals to detect if any change has occurred over a while.

16 . Question

What do you understand by the term “Anusandhan”?

• Goal-oriented
• Following an aim
• Attaining an aim
• Praying to achieve an aim

17 . Question

Evaluation Research is concerned with __________

• How well are we doing?
• Why are we doing?
• What are we doing?

Explanation:  Instead of focusing on the process, the evaluation research measures the consequences of the process, for example, if the objectives are met or not.

18 . Question

Which of the following does not correspond to characteristics of research?

• Research is not passive
• Research is systematic
• Research is not a problem-oriented
• Research is not a process

Explanation:  Research is an inspired and systematic work that is undertaken by the researchers to intensify expertise.

1) Who was the author of the book named “Methods in Social Research”?

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer:  c) Goode and Halt

Explanation:  The book named “Methods in Social Research” was authored by Goode and Hatt on Dec 01, 1952, which was specifically aimed to improve student’s knowledge as well as response skills.

2) What is the major attribute of Correlation Analysis?

Answer:  a) Association among variables

Explanation:  Mainly the correlational analysis focus on finding the association between one or more quantitative independent variables and one or more quantitative dependent variables.

3) What is the name of the conceptual framework in which the research is carried out?

Answer:  d) Research design

Explanation:  A conceptual framework can be understood as a Research design that you require before research.

4) What is the main role of research in education?

• To upsurge one’s social status.
• To increase one’s job prospects.
• To augment one’s personal growth.

Answer:  d) To help an applicant in becoming a renowned educationalist

Explanation:  Educational research can be defined as an assurance for reviewing and improving educational practice, which will result in becoming a renowned educationalist.

5) Which of the following features are considered as critical in qualitative research?

• Collecting data with the help of standardized research tools.
• Design sampling with probability sample techniques.
• Gathering data with top-down schematic evidence.

Answer:  c) Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence.

Explanation:  In qualitative research, we use an inductive methodology that starts from particular to general. In other words, we study society from the bottom, then move upward to make the theories.

6) How is random sampling helpful?

Answer:  d) All of the above

Explanation:  In random sampling, for each element of the set, there exist a possibility to get selected.

7) A research intends to explore the result of possible factors for the organization of effective mid-day meal interventions. Which research method will be most appropriate for this study?

Answer:  c) Ex-post facto method

Explanation:  Mainly in the ex-post facto method, the existing groups with qualities are compared on some dependent variable. It is also known as quasi-experimental for the fact that instead of randomly assigning the subjects, they are grouped on the basis of a particular characteristic or trait.

8) Tippit table refers to as _________

Explanation:  Tippit table was first published by L.H.C Tippett in 1927.

9) In order to pursue the research, which of the following is priorly required?

Answer:  b) Formulating a research question

Explanation:  Before starting with research, it is necessary to have a research question or a topic because once the problem is identified, then we can decide the research design.

10) The format of thesis writing is the same as in

Answer:  c) A research dissertation

Explanation:  The format of thesis writing is similar to that of a research dissertation, or we can simply say that dissertation is another word for a thesis.

11) Which one among the following statements is false in the context of participatory research?

Answer:  d) Its sole purpose is the production of knowledge

Explanation:  Participatory action research is a kind of research that stresses participation and action.

12) Which one among the following statement is true in the context of the testing of hypotheses?

Answer:  b) It is only the null hypothesis that can be tested.

Explanation:  Hypotheses testing evaluates its plausibility by using sample data.

13) What are the conditions in which Type-I error occurs?

Answer:  b) The null hypotheses get rejected even if it is true

Explanation:  The Type-I Error can be defined as the first kind of error.

14) Research and Development become the index of development of the country. Which of the following reasons are true with regards to this statement?

• R&D targets human development
• R&D can enhance people’s standard of living in the country
• R&D reflects the actual economic and social conditions being prevailed in the country

Answer:  d) All of the above.

Explanation:  No explanation.

15) What does the longitudinal research approach actually deal with?

Answer:  a) Long-term research

Explanation:  In general, the longitudinal approach is long-term research in which the researchers keep on examining similar individuals to detect if any change has occurred over a while.

16) What do you understand by the term “Anusandhan”?

Answer:  b) Following an aim

17) Evaluation Research is concerned with __________

Answer:  a) How well are we doing?

Explanation:  Instead of focusing on the process, the evaluation research measures the consequences of the process, for example, if the objectives are met or not.

18) Which of the following does not correspond to characteristics of research?

Answer:  d) Research is not a process

Explanation:  Research is an inspired and systematic work that is undertaken by the researchers to intensify expertise.

19) Which of the following options are the main tasks of research in modern society?

• To learn new things
• To keep pace with the advancement in knowledge
• To systematically examine and critically analyze the investigations/sources with the objective

20) What is the main aim of interdisciplinary research?

• To over simplify the problem of research
• To bring out the holistic approach to research
• To create a new trend in research methodology
• To reduce the emphasis on a single subject in the research domain

Answer:  b) To bring out the holistic approach to research

Explanation:  Particularly in interdisciplinary research, it combines two or more hypothetical disciplines into one activity.

21) The main aim of the scientific method in the research field is to _________

• Improve data interpretation
• Confirm triangulation
• Introduce new variables
• Eliminate spurious relations

Answer:  d) Eliminate spurious relations

Explanation:  Scientific research aims to build knowledge by hypothesizing new theories and discovering laws.

22) A researcher is interested in studying the prospects of a particular political party in an urban area. So, what tool should he prefer for the study?

• Rating Scale
• Questionnaire

Answer:  c) Questionnaire

Explanation:  Since it is an urban area, so there is a probability of literacy amongst a greater number of people. Also, there would be numerous questions over the ruling period of a political party, which cannot be simply answered by rating. The rating can only be considered if any political party has done some work, which is why the Questionnaire is used.

23) The conclusions/findings of which type of research cannot be generalized to other situations?

• Casual Comparative Research
• Historical Research
• Descriptive Research
• Experimental Research

Answer:  b) Historical Research

Explanation:  One cannot generalize historical research in the USA, which has been done in India.

24) How to judge the depth of any research?

• By research title
• By research duration
• By research objectives
• By total expenditure on research

Answer:  c) By research objectives

Explanation:  Research objectives concisely demonstrate what we are trying to achieve through the research.

25) Who can successfully conduct Research?

• Someone who is a hard worker
• Possesses post-graduation degree
• Has studied research methodology
• Possesses thinking and reasoning ability

Answer:  c) Has studied research methodology

Explanation:  Anyone who has studied the research methodology can undergo the research.

26) Which of the following is not the method of Research?

• Observation
• Philosophical

Answer:  c) Observation

Explanation:  Mainly the research method comprises strategies, processes or techniques that are being utilized to collect the data or evidence so as to reveal new information or create a better understanding of a topic.

27) A research problem is feasible only when

• It has utility and relevance
• It is new and adds something to knowledge
• It is researchable

Explanation:  A research problem can be defined as a statement about the area of interest, a condition that is required to be improved, a difficulty that has to be eradicated, or any disquieting question existing in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice that points to be solved.

28) Circle graphs are used to show

• How is one part related to other parts?
• How various sections share in the whole?
• How is one whole related to another whole?
• How are various parts related to the whole?

Answer:  d) How are various parts related to the whole?

Explanation:  A circle graph helps in visualizing information as well as the data.

29) Authenticity of a research finding is its

• Objectivity
• Originality

Answer:  b) Objectivity

30) Which one is called non-probability sampling?

• Quota sampling
• Cluster sampling
• Systematic sampling
• Stratified random sampling

Answer:  a) Quota sampling

Explanation:  In non-probability sampling, all the members do not get an equal opportunity to participate in the study.

31) What does a good thesis involve?

a) Reducing punctuations as well as grammatical errors to minimalist b) Correct reference citations c) Consistency in the way of thesis writing d) Well defined abstract

Select the answers from the codes given below:

• b), c) and d)
• a), b), c) and d)
• a), b) and c)
• a), b) and d)

Answer:  B. a), b), c) and d)

Explanation:  All of the above.

32) Which one among the following statements is correct in context to research?

a) Research refers to a series of systematic activity or activities undertaken to find out the solution to a problem. b) It is a systematic, logical and unbiased process wherein verification of hypotheses, data analysis, interpretation and formation of principles can be done. c) It is an intellectual inquiry or quest towards truth, d) It enhances knowledge.

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

• a), c) and d)

Answer:  A. a), b), c) and d)

33) On what basis did Jean Piaget give his theory of cognitive development of humans?

• Evaluation Research
• Fundamental Research
• Applied Research
• Action Research

Answer:  b) Fundamental Research

Explanation:  Jean Piaget, in his cognitive-developmental theory, proposed the idea that children can actively construct knowledge simply by exploring and manipulating the world around them.

34) What are the core elements of a dissertation?

• Introduction; Data Collection; Data Analysis; Conclusions and Recommendations
• Executive Summary; Literature Review; Data Gathered; Conclusions; Bibliography
• Research Plan; Research Data; Analysis; References

Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussions and Conclusions

Answer:  d) Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussions and Conclusions

Explanation:  The core elements of the dissertation are as follows:

35) “Sampling Cases” can be defined as

• Sampling using a sampling frame
• Identifying people who are suitable for research
• Literally the researcher’s brief case
• A sampling of people, newspapers, television programs etc.

Answer:  d) A sampling of people, newspapers, television programs etc.

Explanation:  In general, sampling in case study research involves decisions made by the researchers regarding the strategies of sampling, the number of case studies, and the definition of the unit of analysis.

36) Which technique is generally followed when the population is finite?

• Systematic Sampling Technique
• Purposive Sampling Technique
• Area Sampling Technique

Answer:  a) Systematic Sampling Technique

Explanation:  Systematic sampling can be understood as a probability sampling method in which the members of the population are selected by the researchers at a regular interval.

37) Research problem is selected from the standpoint of

• Social relevance
• Financial support
• Researcher’s interest
• Availability of relevant literature

Answer:  a) Social relevance

38) The F-test:

• Is essentially a two-tailed test.
• Is essentially a one-tailed test.
• Can be one-tailed as well as two-tailed depending on the hypotheses.
• Can never be one tailed test.

Answer:  c) Can be one-tailed as well as two-tailed depending on the hypotheses

Explanation:  An F-test corresponds to a statistical test in which the test statistic has an F-distribution under the null hypothesis.

39) Which one among the following is the most comprehensive source of population data?

• National Sample Surveys
• Demographic Health Surveys
• National Family Health Surveys

Answer:  a) Census

Explanation:  Census is an official survey that keeps track of the population data.

40) The process not needed in experimental research is

• Controlling
• Reference collection
• Manipulation and replication

Answer:  b) Observation

41) What are those conditions where a research problem is not viable?

• It can be researched
• It contains dependent and independent variables

Answer:  d) It contains dependent and independent variables

Explanation:  A research problem can be defined as a statement about the concerned area, a condition needed to be improved, a difficulty that has to be eliminated, or a troubling question existing in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice pointing towards the need of delivering a deliberate investigation.

42) How can we enhance the research objective?

• By making it more valid
• By making it more reliable
• By making it more impartial

Explanation:  The research objectives must be concisely described before starting the research as it illustrates what we are going to achieve as an end result after the accomplishment.

43) Action-research can be understood as ___________

• A longitudinal research
• An applied research
• A kind of research being carried out to solve a specific problem

Answer:  c) A kind of research being carried out to solve a specific problem

Explanation:  In general, action research is termed as a philosophy or a research methodology, which is implemented in social sciences.

44) On what basis can one formulate the assumptions?

• The cultural background of the country
• Universities
• Some specific characteristics of castes

Answer:  a) The cultural background of the country

Explanation:  An assumption can be identified as an unexamined belief, which we contemplate without even comprehending it. Also, the conclusions that we draw are often based on assumptions.

45) Which one among the following falls under the category of research development?

• Philosophical Research

46) What is the use of Factorial Analysis?

• For setting the hypotheses
• To understand the difference between two variables
• To understand the relationship between two variables
• To understand the difference between various variables

Answer:  b) To understand the difference between two variables

Explanation:  Factor analysis can be understood as a statistical method that defines the variability between two variables in terms of factors, which are nothing but unobserved variables.

47) What is the best-suited name for a process that doesn’t necessitate experimental research?

• Manipulation
• Content analysis

Answer:  a) Manipulation

Explanation:  In an experimental research design, whenever the independent variables (i.e., treatment variables or factors) decisively get altered by researchers, then that process is termed as an experimental manipulation.

48) Which one among the following variables cannot be expressed in quantitative terms?

• Numerical Aptitude
• Marital Status
• Socio-economic Status
• Professional Attitude

Answer:  d) Professional Attitude

Explanation:  A professional attitude is an ability that inclines you to manage your time, portray a leadership quality, make you self-determined and persistent.

49) The “Sociogram” technique is used to study _________

• Vocational Interest
• Human Relations
• Professional Competence
• Achievement Motivation

Answer:  b) Human Relations

Explanation:  The term sociogram can be defined as a graphical representation of human relation that portrays the social links formed by one particular person.a

50) Which one among the following phrases does not correspond to the meaning of research as a process?

• Problem Solving
• Trial and Error
• Objective Observation
• Systematic Activity

Answer:  c) Objective Observation

Explanation:  The research process comprises classifying, locating, evaluating, and investigating the data, which is required to support your research question, followed by developing and expressing your ideas.

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