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191 Interesting Theology Research Paper Topics For You To Try

Do you know how to write a theology paper? Well, first you will need to find and research the best topic that you are interested in. However, it can be frustrating to some extent when you are not sure of what is expected of you, and what to do your research on.

As students, you need to consult your professors in college to know the best topic to choose for your research. Hence, be assured that after you decide on a topic, we will provide online help from there.

It can be difficult to find the right research topic for your University project. However, we have made it easier for you! We have provided a variety of topics that you can choose from.

Theology Research Paper Topics

Most of these topics are based on Christianity research paper topics. They help you visualize more how religion and society correlate. They are based on the various values and evidence behind them.

• The issues that cause immorality in the church.
• The role of religious institutions in ensuring peace and harmony.
• The influence of the different church doctrines on Education development.
• The effectiveness of faith in Christian life and how it impacts people.
• What are the major contributors to divisions in the church?
• The Biblical examination of why there are divisions in the church.
• The Christian model of living and how it impacts society.
• The religious conflicts in different parts of the world.
• How persistent violence affects religious institutions.
• The principles of religious institutions funding.
• The role of religious institutions in state politics.
• The impact of transformational leadership on leader’s performance.
• The impact of a church minister’s family relationship on the growth of the church.
• The implication of the involvement of religious institutions in politics.
• The leadership styles and welfare programs impact salvation.
• The major effects of servant leadership on Pentecostal fellowship.
• Evaluate the impact of church leadership on church growth.
• How does leadership affect the growth of churches?
• How do parental curses affect the spiritual growth of children?

Theological Essay Topics

These are topics that you can use for your theological essays. They are simple to comprehend and will help you to get a better understanding of religion. They are also based on the beliefs of society.

• Factors responsible for the division of people in religious institutions.
• The moral effect of premarital sex among young teenagers.
• Evaluate the effect of the sectarian crisis in the church.
• How does parenting affect spiritual growth in children?
• The impact of church separation at different ages for spiritual growth.
• The truth behind speaking in tongues and its influence on spiritual growth.
• Evaluate the impact of the use of new technology in providing spiritual growth to individuals.
• The influence of the relation between the laity and clergy in building the church.
• The impact of corporate social responsibility on society.
• The various Christian ethics and impact on the church growth.
• Do churches contribute to healthy living in society?
• Illustrate the cardinal dimension of the Christina CSR – Corporate social responsibilities.
• Evaluate proliferation and its impact on religious institutions.
• Nature and faith roles for a Christian.
• How does the administration of a religious institution affect its growth?
• The nature and role of faith in different religions.
• The effect of different denominations in the growth of the church.
• Evaluate the accepted Christian life and its impact on society.
• Describe Christianity as a way of life.

More Theology Paper Topics

These are other topics that are broad enough for any research paper. You just need to do proper research, consult your university professor, and choose the best topic for you. It will create a better understanding of theology.

• The principles that guide church finance in the New Testament.
• Evaluate the Roman Catholicism.
• The influence of the religious doctrines in the church.
• Evaluate the impact of objectification of religion.
• Evaluate the Russian factory and evangelical church.
• The Church and theological concepts.
• Evaluate the Biblical insight on sexuality.
• Understanding hope, faith, and other theological virtues.
• What is Eschatology? The role in the life of a believer.
• Evaluate the Rule of St Benedict through Humility, obedience, and justice.
• According to Boethius, what is the origin of evil?
• Explain happiness according to Thomas Aquinas.
• Analyze the Philosophical arguments against or for the existence of God.
• Evaluate Augustine’s political and social opinions.
• Evaluate the relationship between science and theology.
• Show the life and science of Giordana Bruno.
• The best response to trauma according to theology.
• The best response to loss and betrayal is based on Theology.
• Evaluate the temptation in the garden and its influence on current life.

Research Topics in Theology

Are you looking for the best research topics in theology? Why not start with these? They are based on modern society and religions.

• Evaluate the two views of theology and their impact on current life.
• Provide a comparison between Armenians and classic Calvinism.
• Evaluate the triumph of Armenians and its dangers.
• Examine the Christian doctrine of security.
• Evaluate God’s foreknowledge and human freedom and the problems associated with it.
• Examine God’s immutability aspect and influence on everyday life.
• Provide a detailed paper on the Biblical perspective of the tension of the son of God’s death as predestined by God.
• Evaluate the pre-existence of the Son of God.
• Examine the existence of God’s son concerning the historical dimension of the Biblical witness to God.
• Evaluate the modern inerrancy debate and its impact on the church.
• Discuss the reflections on the Theology of Worship.
• Distinguish between the scripture and culture and impact on the society.
• Distinguish humans through atheism and secularism.
• How is humanism portrayed in society?
• Discuss the problem of natural evil and its impact on society.
• Analyze the Biblical perspectives on the second coming of the son of God.
• Provide the popular ideas on the second coming of Christ.
• Discuss the nature of God and its relation with living beings.
• What are the popular concepts surrounding the second coming of Jesus Christ?
• What are the speculations on the end times?

In Depth Theology Essay Topics

These are other theology essay topics that you can use. They are based on real-life circumstances and the consequences of some occurrences. They will help you get a better understanding of what you learn at school.

• Evaluate the two Biblical stories and their impact on human understanding of creation.
• Evaluate the protestant principle of faith alone as traced through Habakkuk and Paul.
• How does faith impact how people live with each other in society?
• Evaluate homosexuality as shown in the Bible.
• Evaluate God’s love and human love.
• Discuss Nehemiah’s life and the question of identity.
• Explain synergism in fulfilling the mission of the Church.
• How do you understand the term born again in Christianity?
• What are the different views that people have about God?
• What is subjected as Holy Living?
• What justifies someone living a Holy life?
• What is the importance of Christian creed, confessions, and catechism in Christianity
• How do creeds of reformation help in faith-building?
• Discuss the collection of Biblical studies, and theological reflections that address Women in the Ministry.
• The impact of historical theology on modern Christianity.
• Evaluate the heritage of Holiness in Christianity.
• Evaluate the Day of the Lord and related metaphors in terms of Biblical passages.
• What is the difference between prophetic and apocalyptic eschatology?

Bible Thesis Topics

The Bible is a great book, however, you need great intervention to understand it fully. Here are some topics that you can start with to understand the basis of the Bible.

• Evaluate the Old Testament in the Bible as twenty passage
• What are the implications of the day of the Lord and related metaphors of accountability?
• Provide a literary analysis of the Book of Genesis.
• Evaluate the term, “Limited God” in terms of His level of knowledge about humanity – new things he learns about humans
• Analyze the Old Testament’s concept of the Torah from the Biblical traditions.
• Evaluate the theoretical analysis of the Old Testament practice of sacrifice and how it differs from appeasement of the gods or physical means to forgiveness.
• Evaluate the social ethics in the revelation and experience of God in human history.
• Analyze the 4 Old Testament passages that use “us” to refer to God.
• Evaluate Psalm 51 and the transformation language.
• Evaluate Nehemiah and the Question of Identity.
• Write an essay on the role of the wisdom and psalm traditions which provide a basis on the realities of life from a basis of Faith.
• Analyze using different Bible passages on whether Jesus had to die.
• What are the assumptions based on the death of Christ?
• Evaluate the self-understanding of Jesus and its impact on society.
• Analyze the social relationship of Jesus and its implication on modern life.
• What is the relation between Jesus, Religion, and Politics?
• Retrace the journey of Jesus Christ during his whole life.
• What were the implications of the death of the Messiah?
• What were the tensions involved in the overcoming of the death of the Messiah?
• Analyze various passages in the book of Psalms and their impact on daily living.

Theological Discussion Topics

These topics are mainly based on discussions. This is on the various phenomenon and beliefs associated with them. They are also based on different religions across the world.

• Evaluate the effect of the church in society in the 21 st century.
• Evaluate Buddhism in Japan as compared to the one in China.
• What are the basic ideas and beliefs behind honor killings in some religions?
• What are the major differences between parables in the Bible and fairy tales?
• Evaluate the organizational structures of the Buddhists n Thailand and other parts of the world.
• Why do priests in certain religions never marry and stick to celibacy?
• How was Jesus different from other prophets in the Bible?
• How is the Islamic and Christian religion-related?
• Evaluate the rise of mega-churches
• Why abortion is strongly disregarded in Christianity?
• What are the reproductive rights for women in Islam?
• State the effects of homosexuality in different religions.
• Provide the Biblical account of how the World was created.
• The various effects of Greek culture on Christian theology.
• Early Christian fellowship and encounter with Jesus.
• Evaluate the sacred ceremonies in Christianity and their significance.
• Discuss our ancestors and their spiritual beliefs.
• Which scientific research and proofs disagree with Christian theology
• Evaluate our ancestors and their spiritual beliefs

Religious Research Paper Topics

Have you ever thought of doing a religious research topic? Why not try any of these!. The topics will also help you get a better understanding of the world and various phenomena.

• Discuss the emergence of the new religion and its effects.
• Evaluate world science and religion.
• Is there a big difference between the Christian and Islamic history?
• Evaluate world religions with no God – how did people live?
• Discuss the phenomenon and implications of the trickster gods.
• Examine the influence of religion in theocratic states.
• What are the effects of the Greek religion and European culture myths?
• What is the impact of religion on modern Japan’s culture?
• What are the considerations that children are innocent souls in the religious discourse?
• Evaluate the polytheistic religion and mythology
• Discuss the similarities of images of god and myths associated.
• The role of women in Islam.
• How does religion impact people’s daily life?
• Evaluate animalism and totemism in the manifestation in the modern world.
• What are the Greek myths and religion’s impact on the European culture?
• Describe the phenomenon of trickster gods.
• The similarities and differences of monotheistic religions.
• Evaluate how atheism is a religion.
• Evaluate the theocratic states and their influence on religion.
• Is there an existence of world religions that have no gods?
• Provide the history of Christianity.

Expanded Religious Topics to Write About

Do you know the best religious topics to write on? With the various topics at hand, it can be hard to choose one. However, these topics are unique and will make you get a different perspective on life.

• What is the concept of the soul in different religions?
• Evaluate the history of Judaism.
• Evaluate the Nordic mythology and religion in the modern world.
• Describe religious counseling versus classical psychology.
• What is the attitude of sex in different religions?
• Evaluate whether children are considered innocent in all religions.
• Do you think faith can help overcome the harshness of puberty?
• Examine female clergy in different religions.
• Evaluate the concept of reincarnation in world religions.
• Explain the history of Hinduism and its impact on Indian culture.
• What is the impact of the crisis of faith in the world?
• Is yoga a health or religious practice?
• How is the afterlife considered in different religions?
• Evaluate religion and economics.
• Evaluate Confucianism and its impact on the modern world.
• Discuss female clergy in different religions.
• Debate whether a world full of so much evil can exist with an all-loving omnipotent God.
• How do all religions lead to the same mountaintop?
• How do wars use politics as a mask when religion is the core?
• Is the Great Flood story known across all religions?

World Religions Research Paper Topics

These topics are mainly based on world religions and their impact on the modern world. The topics are broad to ensure you get a better understanding of the various religions in the world.

• Can atheism be considered a religion on its own?
• How are animalism and totems manifested in the modern world
• Discuss the various philosophies such as post-modernism, fatalism, nihilism, and relativism
• How military action is ethically justified through religion?
• Can the religious leanings of a politician led to him or her losing an election?
• Compare the modern Egyptian religious traditions to those from the presynaptic period.
• Evaluation of what Confucianism is and its impact on the world.
• How does the Gnostic faith different from modern Christianity?
• How do new religions cannibalize the rituals that were being used in past religions?
• How is the Bible different from all other books?
• How does pure land Buddhism purport to reform the current Buddhist religion?
• Discuss how God only exists in the minds of people who follow him?
• How do the various religions deal with the end of the world?
• Discuss the hypostatic union.
• What was the Egyptian’s understanding of divinity’s existence?
• Evaluate the existence of guardian angels and how one can be?

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177 Theology Research Paper Topics for College Students

Theology is the study of the spiritual, the divine, and religious beliefs. Studied in colleges and universities, theology explores the human faith and reveals what it means to have a balanced look at religion as a whole. The purpose is to learn more about a religious tradition and not just find religious topics to write about. Theology can be biblical, systematic, historical, and practical. Biblical theology involves the use and interpretation of the Bible. Systematic theology explains theology as a comprehensive unit. Historical theology probes the past to inform the future. Practical theology establishes a certain truth as an act of practice. Yet, theology can also be political, seeing how religions continue to shape political decisions. In short, theology can be many things. So, in this article, we provide different topics on theology, from practical to political. But before you dive in, quickly check how to outline a theological research paper.

Brief Theology Research Paper Outline

From ideation to paper, writing a theology paper has never been easy. However, it’s also not exactly difficult. If you want to know how to write a theology paper, you’ll need not just the will to write it but also tips and outlines. Here we have provided tips for clear theological writing. Read on.

• Introduce The first attempt at writing a theology research paper is to introduce your topic. Of course, you can’t clarify what your reader does not know about. Often, you are tempted to assume your readers have prior knowledge but do not fall into that trap. Always think your reader is dealing with a new topic so you can better introduce the topic.
• Use headings Headings make your paper appealing and straightforward. Good titles make your professor smile and ensure a better grade. If you don’t know how to go about your headers, check the style guide. Also, be mindful of headings that do not capture the content.
• Keep a good topic sentence A topic sentence highlights your main idea. Usually at the beginning of a paragraph, it informs your reader what to know about the section. Without a good topic sentence, your paper might be lost.
• Research The body of your paper contains the outcome of your research. Your study must be detailed and concise. If you make a claim, you have to prove it. Do not just research and write, thinking your reader will fathom what you are saying. Do your research in sync with your sources.
• Conclude Your conclusion should capture your thesis. A very good conclusion does not leave anything in the body of your thesis out, especially the important parts. Your topic sentences should also inform your conclusion.
• Use sources It’s impossible to write a paper filled with your opinions only. No doubt, you’ll source views from others and incorporate them into your study. Whatever the opinions and wherever you source them, you should reference them correctly.

Now that you’re familiar with the process of outlining a theology research paper, find below exciting theology topics to choose from for a successful theology thesis.

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General Theology Research Paper Topics

Do you know that Plato invented theology? According to him, theology represents the eternal realities of forms and ideas. This thought process has been a critical determinant of general belief and faith. So, if you’re looking for general theological essay topics, the following should help:

• Explore the concept of life after death in general theology.
• The differences between Buddhism in Japan and China.
• Contributions of the church to modern democracy.
• Impacts of parables and fairytales in world religions.
• Prophethood in theology and the concept of discipleship.
• Perspectives of abortion in Abrahamic faiths.
• Views of gender equality in Abrahamic beliefs.
• Perspectives of sexuality and identity in Abrahamic religions.
• Islam Vs. Christianity: significant differences and similarities.
• Impacts of homosexuality on religion and the way forward.
• Creation of the world in Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism.
• Effects of Greek and Roman culture on Christianity.
• Why women cannot hold leadership roles in some religions.
• Are abortions allowed in Islam and Christianity?
• The widespread impacts of the concept of heaven and hell on society.
• Science and religion: where they agree and disagree.
• The study of the old testaments and similarities in the Quran.
• The evolution of worship from the 20th century to the 21st century.
• Why do we need theology, and what can it do to improve the world?
• A comparative analysis of the Trinity in Christianity, Islam, and Judaism.
• The role of theology towards eradicating global religious terrorism.
• The contribution of theology in fostering international religious terrorism.
• What does faith mean in Buddhism, Sikhism, and Taoism?
• What Islam teaches about gender, sexuality, and identity.
• What the portrayal of a black devil means to African Americans.
• The existence of God pre-creation in central religious faith.
• Evolution of Holy books: a comparative study of the Quran and the Bible.
• Evolution of places of worship: a comparative study of the church and the mosque.
• Evolution of prophethood: a comparative analysis of Jesus and Muhammed.
• Impacts of religion on humanity: promotion of peace and harmony.

Systematic Theology Paper Topics

Plato invented general theology, but Bartholomäus Keckermann is the father of systematic theology (dogmatic theology). The German contributed immensely to the growth, order, and rationalism of religious doctrines, particularly Christianity. Listed below are some fascinating systematic theology paper topics for your dissertation:

• Systematic theology: Expectations vs. reality.
• Will systematic theology ever rule the world?
• The church and the rise of democracy.
• Differentiate between Catholic and Roman dogmatism.
• Explain the atonement of the person and the work of Buddha.
• Perspective about dogmatic theology beyond Anathema.
• What is the doctrine of scripture in the catechism of Hinduism?
• Discuss the incarnation of divinity and humanity.
• Explore comparative theology in the liturgy of the word.
• Historicity and ahistoricity in systematic theology.
• A brief treatise on Calvinism and dogmatic theology.
• Understanding the difference between practical theology and systematic theology.
• The relationship between dogmatic theology and religious education.
• Hermeneutic principle and the divinity of self-revelation.
• The dogmatism of blood atonement and the foundation of faith.
• Systematic theology: Death and hell as tools of evangelism.
• Systematic theology: overview, impact, and implications.
• Dissect the dogmatic theology of Jesus, humanity, and the Trinity.
• The systematic theology of the Islamic tradition on animals.
• Effects and impact of liberation theology.
• Principles and policies of systematic theology.
• Roman and Catholic perspectives on systematic theology.
• The issue of Israel and the evangelical approach.
• Differentiate the biblical from the evangelical.
• Perspectives of an African-American on systematic theology.
• The justification of faith and the construction of new theories.
• Modern and postmodern evolution of Buddhism.
• Interpret the systematic concept of God and love.
• Discuss the perspectives of the spiritual darkness and light.
• Impacts and contributions of systematic theology to climate change.

Historical Research Topics in Theology

Stanley James Grenz made tremendous impacts on historical theology. Alongside Guretzki and Nordling, they described historical theology as that aspect of theology that looks at how faith, beliefs, and doctrines develop throughout history. The purpose is to identify theological errors and avoid them in the future. Some exciting historical research topics in theology include:

• Explore the contributions of Dietrich Bonhoeffer to systematic theology.
• Wolfhart Pannenberg’s contributions to dogmatic theology.
• Paul Rorem, St. Augustine’s confessions and influence: a historical review.
• Explore the historical logic of the Trinity in Hinduism and Christianity.
• The histology and confessionalism of Jonathan Edwards.
• A historical treatise on Buddha beyond theological studies.
• Past Jewish traditions and the understanding of gender equality.
• A historical overview of the relationship between race, religion, and culture.
• The historical injustice of the church and the dogma of secularization.
• Modernism vs. the historical teachings of the Quran on sexuality?
• A comparative analysis of historical and contemporary theology.
• The history of pastoral theology: development, impact, and implications.
• Contributions of Friedrich Schleiermacher to historical theology.
• The history and development of evangelism in Abrahamic religions.
• The history of Judaism theology in the United States.
• Historical contributions of John Calvin to pastoral theology.
• Biography of Watts and Wesley: two Christmas hymn composers.
• Then and now: religion in the face of a pandemic.
• Contributions of Africa to the Muslim mind.
• Historical differences of Buddhism in Japan and China.
• Violence against women through the dark history of the medieval church.
• The value of socio-historical theology in the genealogy of faith.
• The historical account of the most excellent sermons in Christology.
• Most extraordinary African-American women in the history of the church.
• Contributions of Bernard of Clairvaux to the church.
• History of lost and forgotten books in Christian theology.
• Account the history of salvation during the Spanish Reconquista.
• Modern and classical views on the theology of baptism.
• The historical impact of the theology of discipleship.
• A brief historical treatise of the martyr’s cause in Islam and Christianity.

Practical Theological Discussion Topics

The father of modern practical theology, according to many theologians, is Fredrick Schleiermacher. Also known as liberal theology, practical theology attempts to reflect on the alignment and modification of religious practices. It is the democratic aspect of theology devoid of sentiments and biases. Check out a few of the most common practical theological discussion topics below:

• Application of Delphi survey tool in understanding church trends.
• Spiritual advocacy and the current overlapping roles of evangelists.
• The inclusiveness of the disabled in the theology of humanity.
• A comparative analysis of the growth of global youth ministries.
• An investigation into the practical celebration of God.
• The practical interpretation of African cultures in understanding theology.
• The religious rituals of remembrance, cleansing, and reincarnation.
• Foundational practical theology vs. post-foundational practical theology.
• A comparative analysis of practical theology across all religious denominations.
• From theory to practice: The role of the Holy Books in modern humanity.
• Practical theology of the 20th century vs. the 21st century.
• The principles, objectives, and limits of practical theology.
• Understanding theology: the international perspective of practical theology.
• The globalization of Christianity through the practice of peace and tolerance.
• An inquiry into the instrument of peace reconciliation in Buddhism.
• The practice of Islam: The conflict of submission and peace.
• Deconstructing Judaism through the divinity of the soul.
• An empirical study of the body and the soul.
• The role of hearing sermons as a tool of community and diversity.
• The religion of art: The religious use of songs, stories, and parables.
• The practical exploration of God as an entity in significant religions.
• The dilemma of ministering to the 21st-century youth.
• Love, humanity, religion: What the books say.
• A practical reflection on religious law systems as against modern law systems.
• The technology of religion: from crude tools to devices.
• Exploring the reflective practice of Taoism.
• The glory of suffering: A reflection on religious martyrdom.
• Theological education: overview, roles, practices, impacts, land limits.
• The religious morality of the poor and the challenge of growth in Africa.
• The symbolism of salvation and reincarnation.

Religious Research Paper Topics in Theology

Do you ask the difference between theology and religion? There is a thin line between religion and theology. Theology is the study of religions, while religion is a system of belief and worship. Therefore, religion is an integral part of theology. However, there would be no theology if there were no system of faith and belief to study. To better understand what we’re saying, take a look at some of the most fascinating world religions research paper topics below:

• What do you understand about the movement of black churches?
• What role does religion play in the economy?
• The theory of creation: Differences and similarities in significant religions.
• What’s the stand of religion on the resurgence of homosexuality?
• The emergence of new religions and what it means to society.
• The agreement and disagreement of science and world religions.
• Trace the history of Christianity after the birth of Jesus Christ.
• Trace the history of Islam before and after the birth of Muhammed.
• What world religions say about God as a supreme being.
• The spirituality of the soul in the mystery of religion.
• Nordic religion: role, impact, and methodology in the modern world.
• Discuss the triad of the female goddesses extensively in religion.
• Impacts of Buddhism in modern Japan and China.
• Dissect the concept of behavioral sex in different religions
• What is the correlation between societal morality and religious laws?
• How similar and different are religions on the images of gods and myths.
• Influence of gender on religious practices and general spirituality.
• What role do women play in Islam?
• Discuss Confucianism and contributions to the world.
• Discuss Sikhism and its contributions to the world.
• History of Hinduism and its significant contributions to modern India.
• Why is Ramadan a holy month in Islam?
• Why is Christmas a holy month in Christianity?
• The differences and similarities between the Bible and Quran.
• The influence of technology on the disposition of religion today.
• Explain climate change and the role of religion.
• What is the link between religion, hell, and heaven?
• A comparative analysis of evangelical methods in Islam and Christianity.
• The relationship between Islam, Christianity, and other religions.
• An empirical study of the history of Judaism.

Political Theology Essay Topics

Whether you are dealing with Bible thesis topics in theology or Christianity research paper topics, if you look close enough, you will find political nuances in them. Religion and politics share some strong similarities. Since the church makes policies, there is no doubt politics is an essential part of theological discussions. Here are political theology essay topics for insight:

• The contributions of religion to the first world war.
• The implications of Christianity in the second world war.
• What roles does religion perform during Hitler’s rule?
• The perspective of the church on gun control in America.
• An empirical study of the politics of the Catholic popes.
• Terrorism and the politicization of Islam.
• What is the political stand of Abrahamic religions on homosexuality?
• Explore the concept of transgender rights as religious rights.
• The support of the church regarding the influence of white supremacy.
• Democracy: impact of the rule of law on religious leaders.
• Can religion be separated from the government?
• What do you think about vaccination and the spirituality of faith?
• What are the views of religion on nuclear war?
• The conflict of war and the intersection of religion.
• Politics of Vatican City: the emergence of a new black pope.
• The political evolution of the church.
• Middle East crisis: How Islam is helping and ruining.
• Can the growth of China be linked to the practice of Buddhism?
• Islam is a religion of peace and tolerance. How true?
• The politicization of Hinduism through the dowry system.
• Can the growth of Israel be linked to the practice of Judaism?
• How Hinduism is viewed by other religions and the politics of their international relations.
• Religion and the political backwardness of Africa.
• Impact of Christianity on Africa and the Middle East.
• How religions are driving the quest for gender equality.
• American politics and religion: agreements and disagreements.
• Has democracy ever worked in any religious patterns?
• How the church contributed to the rise and fall of black slavery?
• What are the political roles of the Pope?
• Science and technology as a new religion.

Is Your Theology Research Paper Too Difficult?

Theology studies the structures and patterns of faith. Student theologians would be asked to either explore practical theology topics or general theology research questions. If you’ve ever wanted to put some on paper but don’t know how to go about it, we can help you with any theology questions you have. Our college paper writing help services boast incredible US writers who can speak and write English as a Native Language (ENL). Our online writing assistance team comprises the best professors and first-class university students—proven professionals in theological thesis writing and other areas. Book our custom, fast, and cheap writing help now for top-notch results and high grades.

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188 Theology Topics for Discussion, Thesis, & Research Paper

As you may know, theology is the study of religion: its history, traditions, philosophy, morality, and literary works. Are you looking for theology topics? Here, you’ll find plenty of interesting theology topics to write about! Our extensive list includes ideas for a research paper, essay, and discussion, along with theology thesis topics. Read on to discover the most engaging biblical and Christian theology research paper topics and more!

🏆 Best Theology Topics for Discussion

✍️ theology essay topics for college, 👍 good theology research topics & essay examples, 🎓 most interesting theology research paper topics, 🔎 unique theological research topics, 💡 simple theology essay topics, ⛪ master of theology thesis topics, ❓ questions about theology, ✝️ christian theology topics, 📖 biblical theology topics.

• Saint Augustine vs Aquinas: Theological Approaches Comparison
• Eternal Life in John’s Gospel: Theological Perspective
• Theology: Virgin Mary as a Goddess
• “Christian Theology” by Millard J. Erickson
• Leadership in Church and Its Theological Aspects
• Global Mission Theology of Samuel Escobar
• Scriptural Authority and Theological Interpretation
• Neo-Orthodoxy Theology: Barth, Brunner et al. Neo-orthodoxy is a concept used in advanced contemporary theology. This essay seeks to evaluate the theologies of Barth, Brunner, Bultmann, and Niebuhr.
• Psychology and Theology: Worldview Issues, and Models of Integration The model views theology and psychology as valid disciplines that should not be in conflict as both contribute to the contemporary understanding of human nature.
• “Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling” Book by McMinn “Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling” is a book that reflects the professional experience and the wisdom of the author as a teacher and practitioner.
• Biblical Theology of Sexuality and Sex Sexuality, coupled with loyalty, is God’s gift for lovers who want to start a family and be with each other for a long time.
• Theology of Hope: Moltmann and Pannenberg This essay attempts to compare and contrast the theologies of Moltmann and Pannenberg within the rubric of Theology of Hope.
• Courage and Paul Tillich’s Philosophy and Theology The research argues that courage is not merely an ethical value but an ontological conception and is opposed by the classical purely moral perspective on courage.
• The Incarnation of Christ: Theological Survey The theory of the Incarnation of Christ is the central teaching of the Christian church. It says that God took a fleshly appearance and a human nature.
• The Ashari Theology in Sunni Islam The Ashari theology is among the early primary theologies establishing itself as the most important, dominant, and influential tradition of systematic theology in the Sunni Muslim.
• “Grace Without Nature”: Theological Understanding of the Imago Dei The essay “Grace without Nature” significantly contributes to expanding human understanding of the meaning of the formula imago Dei.
• Thomas Aquinas: Philosopher and Theologian To this day, Aquinas is widely studied by the philosophy scholars all around the world as a great example of a pragmatic Christian theologian and philosopher.
• Apologetics as a Theological Discipline Apologetics is an old discipline of theology that involves the defense of ones’ religious position by systematically reasoning out disputed issues.
• White Theology and Its Core Characteristics This paper looks at the factors that distinguish white theology and the ways in which it manifests itself in the Pentecostal church.
• Theological Challenges Between Judaism and Christianity Judaism originated from the covenantal relationship between the Jews and God. Christianity emerged from Judaism, and both faiths believe that God is the creator of the universe.
• The Importance of Theological Study of Film The research paper seeks to build a constructive discussion by defying the notion that although the theological study of films is trendy, it is ultimately a meaningless exercise.
• Theology and Contextualization in Latin America This paper discusses theology and contextualization in Latin America and aims to give a full-fledged description of contextualization’s impact.
• Predestination: The Theological Concept In theology, predestination is the belief that God has predetermined all events, generally concerning the person’s ultimate fate.
• “Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling” by Mark McMinn In “Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling,” Mark McMinn comes up with a healing model, which involves need, sense of self, and relationship with God.
• Theological Reasoning as a Basis for Faith Theological reasoning strives to pose questions and answer them in terms of sacred theology. Meaning, essences, causes, distinctions, and so on compose the core of reason.
• Narrative Theology: Biblical Metanarrative Biblical metanarrative can underpin systematic and biblical theology, presenting a progressive narrative of God’s revelation to mankind.
• Paul, the Jewish Theologian by B. H. Young The title of the selected book for this review is Paul, the Jewish Theologian: A Pharisee among Christians, Jews, and Gentiles.
• Theory and Theology of Helping People The theoretical approach to helping people is found in biblical, Christian, and Church values different from the psychology of helping people.
• Theology in the Context of World Christianity Perception of shame and guilt in different cultures plays an important role in people’s personalities and their vision of the world itself.
• Roman Catholic Theology of Rahner and Kung This article evaluates the theology of Rahner and Kung in terms of how much they pushed for the envelope of traditionally accepted Roman Catholic theology.
• Calvinism and Arminianism in Historical Theology Calvinism and Arminianism are theological systems that introduce methods to explain the relations which develop between God and people, which are directed to achieve salvation.
• Holistic Mission: Paradigm Shifts in Theology The holistic mission provides worshiping, evangelism, dialogue among religions, compassion, seeking justice, peacemaking, ecological protection, and social responsibility.
• Philosophical Anthropology and Theological Perspectives Despite their methodological differences, psychological and theological viewpoints on philosophical anthropology share a high degree of agreement.
• Augustine and Organization of Latin Theology Donatists were exclusively an African schismatic sect who viewed themselves as the true heirs to Christianity and claimed to be the church of martyrs.
• Biblical Theology and How to Practice It Scholars have used different evangelical approaches to accurately articulate the significance of Christ-themed biblical theology and its prospects.
• Book Review of “Paul the Jewish Theologian” by Young In the book “Paul the Jewish Theologian”, Young reveals Saul of Tarsus as a rejected individual who never departed from his Jewish roots.
• Integrated Theory of Leadership from Theological Perspective This paper has demonstrated that the integrated theory of leadership relies on an adaptive leadership style and theological beliefs.
• Theological Differences Within the Major Christian Traditions Christians are followers of Christ who use the bible as the primary religious book for conducting services and personal spiritual nourishment.
• The Theology of Christ Through the Ancient Ecumenical Councils It is essential to trace the development of Christ’s theology through the ancient ecumenical councils and reflect on how they developed the Church’s understanding of Jesus.
• Understanding the Holy Trinity in Christian Theology The assertion the solo God lives as or in 3 mutually supernatural beings is a popular way to describe the Christian belief of the Holy Trinity.
• Divine Currency: The Theological Power of Money in the West Money in Christianity is a dangerous matter, which requires careful and proper management to stay on the path of Christ.
• The Theology and Science Roles and Relationships The relationship between science and faith is a relevant topic in theology, and the synthetic approach is one of the most viable solutions.
• The Religious Pluralism Theological Framework The current theological framework for responding to religious pluralism was significantly shaped by Alan Race’s threefold typology.
• Early Christology: Historical Theology Historical theology provides research on the way that the Church has undergone interpreting the Scripture under various conditions determined by the different epochs.
• Psychological and Theological Perspectives on Anthropology Psychological and theological perspectives on anthropology have some things in common; for example, they employ the scientific method to some extent.
• Theological Translatability, Inspiration, and Authority in Religious Traditions The genesis of human inspiration is a major topic in almost every religion. Degrees of the authoritativeness of scriptures are another important thing in religious traditions.
• The Old Testament Theology Review This paper provides the Old Testament theology review, including approaches to Old Testament theology, discussing God and creation, worship and sacrifice, God and the future.
• Integration Model: Theological Reasoning The paper dissects a case study of two couples who are unmarried. It references Piaget, Freud, and Sullivan’s psychological theories and offers adaptations.
• Psychology and Christian Theology Integration Finding connections between psychology and Christian theology might be a first step toward integration, and an integrative perspective can lead to the search for parallels.
• Latin American Liberation Theology Latin American liberation theology was the prime example of contextual theology manifesting in the region, where the praxis model or method of theology was utilized.
• Peculiarities of Religious Belief in Theology The intended audience is theologians and religious communities as well as all people interested in the issue of belief.
• Natural Theology Book by William Paley In his book Natural Theology, William Paley paid considerable attention to the criticism of contemporary transformist concepts.
• Theology: Japan’s View of Christianity Christianity is one of the most extensively practiced religions worldwide, and, in some countries, it even has the status of a state religion.
• Liberation Theology in Mid-20th Century Latin America Liberation theology is a movement in Catholic beliefs and socioeconomic mobility which emerged in mid-20th century Latin America.
• Liberation Theology and Gutierrez’s Contribution to It This essay will examine liberation theology’s background and provide a detailed overview of Gutierrez’s contribution to it.
• Theological-Political Treatise According to Spinoza, superstition stems from the willingness of individuals not to link everything to certainty.
• Biodiversity, Environmental Ethics and Theology This paper will focus on the issue of decreasing biodiversity, explaining how environmental ethics and theology apply to this problem.
• Missional Praxis: The Fruit of Theological Reflection Missional praxis is the “fruit” of theological reflection, the path to knowledge, perfection, and the acceptance of high, spiritual, and moral values.
• The Holocaust Impact on Jewish Theology Holocaust had a major impact on Jewish theology by providing an earth-shattering tragedy the likes of which the Jewish have never seen in the past, to explain.
• Theology of Family Life, Marriage and Parenting Religious marriage is possible when a ceremony is conducted (simultaneously or separately, depending on religion) with the couple being wed in the eyes of God.
• The Research of Theological History There is a hermeneutical problem in Genesis 1: other approaches exist apart from a traditional one; the summary approach to view entered theological debates in the twentieth century.
• The Limits of Language in Theology Apophatic theology suggests that everyone should try to reach beyond the image someone creates when speaking about God, his essence, or plans regarding humanity.
• Theological Vision of “Pleasantville” by Gary Ross “Pleasantville” by Gary Ross is a movie that brilliantly shows how worldviews are transforming, causing rapid social change.
• Lutheran Theology – Insights for Today’s Church Martin Luther’s theology started the reformation in Germany through his famous 95 Theses and, in doing so, helped model the contemporary society and Protestant Church.
• Lutheran Theology and Its Implications for Contemporary Church and Society This study, therefore, focuses on Lutheran theology and explains why Luther can be regarded as the founder of the modern church and society.
• Malcolm X, a Revolutionary. Philosophical Theology Malcolm X is the eminent personality of the 20th century, widely known for his combat against African-American harassment.
• The Positioning of Systematic Theology The paper states that the purpose of theology is not to investigate God’s phenomenon but to explore issues of belief and approaches to following biblical teaching.
• Theology Doctrine Universalism The purpose of this paper is to discuss universalism. Universalism is a doctrine in theology that refers to universal salvation.
• Christian Theology and World Religions Religion in the context of human history has been a part of people’s existence for many centuries; for some, gods were the creators of the word and its masters.
• Christian Theology and World Religions: Christianity and Islam Christianity and Islam share many similarities, although they are two distinct religious traditions. The paper analyzes their similarities and differences.
• Martin Luther King and His Theology Analysis Martin Luther was born in the age of Renaissance, which was blossoming with its artists and their works and which had a positive impact on the development of his personality.
• Religious Study and Theology. I AM statements I AM statements are found both in the New and Old Testament. In the New Testament, the Gospel according to John emphasizes the statements.
• Religious Studies and Theology: Paganism in the Military Paganism has spread far and wide in society. From academia to the military, the practice of paganism is being accepted and accommodated just like other religions.
• Theology History: Forms of Beliefs Humans began to worship physical forms commonly seen around them in the form of oceans, mountains, the sun and the moon, animals, and even weather.
• Theology Concepts Brief Review The gentiles were religiously accepted as Christians by the early Christians because they both common beliefs Jesus Christ.
• Religious Studies & Theology: The Davidic Kingdom The paper is about David – one of the most prominent rulers who united many tribes and established a strong monarchy for the people of Judah and Israel.
• Black Theology and Its Impact on Drug Addiction I have chosen the topic of Black Theology and its impact on drug addiction because I have experienced the impact of opioid addiction on my family.
• Theology in the Enlightenment Age The enlightenment age started gaining momentum in the 13th when Thomas Aquinas recovered the Aristotelian logic that was primarily used in defending Christianity.
• Evangelical Theology of Grenz and Olson This essay evaluates Evangelical Theology in terms of the affirmations of Grenz and Olson defining what God’s transcendence and immanence are in relation to Evangelical Theology.
• Liberation Theology and Its Expressions This essay delves into and delineates the uniqueness of three expressions of liberation theology within the context of each other.
• Process and Secular Theology: Tillich and Bonhoeffer This essay proceeds by delving into the connection between the theology of Tillich and Process Theology and the connections between the thoughts of Bonhoeffer and Secular Theology.
• Thinking through Paul: Survey of His Life, Letters and Theology The authors of the book “Thinking through Paul: Survey of His Life, Letters and Theology” wanted to analyze the significance of Paul’s life to Christians.
• Theology: Discipleship and a Healthy Church The report presents a disciple-making plan aimed to improve the organization’s efficiency in the task of making disciples and boost evangelistic efforts.
• Marriage Theology Through the Protestant Reformation
• Human Qualities Within Theology
• Christian Theology and Greek Culture
• The Youth and Islam Theology
• Understanding Dialect, Philosophy, and Theology Through Scholasticism
• Relationship Between Theology and Spirituality
• Philosophy, Theology, and Ideology
• Christian Worship Music and Theology
• Roman Catholic Theology and Contemporary Culture
• Relationship Between Science and Theology
• Biblical Foundations for Health Theology
• Theology and Theologians: Differences and Similarities
• Biblical Foundation for Developing Contextual Theology
• Immortality: Philosophy and Theology
• Christian Theology and the Doctrine of Evangelism
• Influential Ideas for Protestant Theology
• The Universalism and Annihilationism Theology
• Holy Trinity and Systematic Theology
• Christian Theology, Family, and Marriage
• Wesleyan Theology and the Concept of Salvation
• The Theology and Anthropology of Mormonism
• Appropriation, Politics, and Theology in the Gospel of Mark
• Liberation Theology and the Catholic Church
• Galileo Galilei and His Impact Theology
• Sexual Theology: Biblical Insight on Sexuality
• Wilfred Cantwell Smith’s World Theology
• Understanding Political Theology and Its Application in the Canadian Democracy
• The Most Important Contribution to Eucharist Theology
• Relationship Between Theology and Natural Science
• Christian Mediation and Theology
• Catholic Moral Theology and the Medical Field
• Buddhist and Christian Ethics Theology
• John Calvin and the Calvinist Theology
• Christian Theology and Feminist Theology
• The Relationship Between Theology and Economics: The Role of the Jansenism Movement
• Comparative Feminist Theology Analysis
• Twentieth-Century Christian Theology and ‘Holiness’
• John and Matthew’s Theology
• Hierarchical Church and Liberation Theology
• Contemporary Theology and Orthodoxy of the New Testament
• Christian Theology and Market Economics
• Biblical Paradigm and Ministry Theology
• Jerusalem Politically Contested City Theology Religion
• Urban Theology Using the Old Testament
• Christian Theology and Religious Beliefs
• Catholic Theology and Scripture Assignment
• Family and Mass Media Influences Theology Religion
• Church History and How It Fits With Biblical Theology
• Mathematics and Theology Blossoming Together
• Christian Counseling, Theology, and Spirituality
• African American Women and Womanist Theology
• Philosophy and Christian Theology
• Christian and Navajo Creation Theology Religion
• Integrating Psychology With Christian Theology
• The Theology, Christology, and Pneumatology of the Book of Revelation
• Integrating Change Models and the Theology of Leadership
• Christianity and Faith, Evangelization, Life and Theology
• Liberation Theology and Discernment
• Anne Hutchinson and Her Theology Theory
• Psychology Theology and Spirituality in Christian Counseling
• Does Religious Theology Undermine the Basic Doctrines of Christianity?
• What’s the Difference Between Reformed Theology and Calvinism?
• What Is the Contribution to and Impact of Feminist Theology in Judaism?
• Is Christian Theology More Modern Than Islamic Theology?
• What Is the Difference Between Philosophy and Theology?
• How Does Mormon Theology Explain Intersex People?
• How Does Moral Theology Differ From Moral Philosophy?
• What Is the Difference Between ‘Biblical’ and ‘Systematic’ Theology?
• Is Constantly Asking Questions a Good Way to Get Better at Christian Theology?
• How Did the Reformation Influence Eucharistic Theology?
• Is Theology an Actual Science or a Pseudoscience?
• What Is a Relationship Between Religion and Theology?
• Has Theology Made Any Contribution to Knowledge in the Past 500 Years?
• Is It True That Early Christianity Was Much Closer to Islam in Theology?
• What Is the Purpose of Heaven and Hell in Christian and Islamic Theology?
• What Parts of Hindu Theology Are Similar to Greek Theology?
• What Effect Did Plato Have on Augustine and the Origins of Christian Theology?
• What Are Some of the Most Controversial Views in Christian Theology?
• What Is the Fundamental Theology Behind Why Jews Disagree With Islam?
• How Do Jehovah’s Witnesses Reconcile Matthew 8:11 With Their Theology?
• Is There a Way to Discuss the Deeper Theology of Religion Without the Extremist Positions?
• To What Extent Has “Existentialism” Influenced Theology?
• What Are Some Examples of the Apophatic Nature of Orthodox Theology?
• Why Is It Important to Differentiate Spirituality, Theology, and Philosophy?
• How the Church Handles Postmodernism Theology?
• The concept of the Holy Trinity and its significance in Christian theology.
• Atonement in Christianity: an analysis of different theories.
• Theodicy: the issue of evil in the world created by benevolent God.
• The views of death and afterlife in Christian eschatology.
• Different theological perspectives on the nature of God.
• Bioethics from the Christian ethics perspective.
• The meaning and significance of Christian sacraments.
• The role of women in Christian theology.
• Liberation theology and its connection to social justice.
• Faith and science: Christian views on evolution and the origin of the universe.
• Covenant theology as an approach to interpreting the Bible.
• Did Jesus Christ fulfill the messianic prophecies in the Old Testament?
• Analysis of the biblical concept of the Kingdom of God.
• A historical-critical approach to interpreting the Bible.
• The role of the Mosaic Law in the Old and New Testaments.
• Analysis of ethical teachings of Jesus in the Sermon on the Mount.
• Prophets’ call for social justice: analyzing the Old Testament.
• The apocalyptic imagery in the Book of Revelation.
• How does the Bible address the problem of suffering?
• The biblical understanding of Israel as God’s chosen people.

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StudyCorgi . "188 Theology Topics for Discussion, Thesis, & Research Paper." March 1, 2022. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/theology-essay-topics/.

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These essay examples and topics on Theology were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you’re using them to write your assignment.

This essay topic collection was updated on June 24, 2024 .

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Sample Student Theses

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Below are downloads (PDF format) of the M.A. (Religion) theses of some of our graduates to date.

Note: Certain requirements for current thesis students have changed since earlier theses were completed.

Theological Research and Writing: Research Question and Thesis

• 1. Research
• 2. Theological Information
• Research Question and Thesis
• Bibliography
• Information Retrieval
• 5. Evaluating Sources
• 7. Use the Tutor

Research is:

Research Questions

You can develop a research question by applying these interrogatives:

A Good Thesis Statement:

A good thesis statement accomplishes the following:

• Expresses a main idea.
• Warrants discussion (the paragraphs of the paper).
• Specifically states what the paper will discuss.
• States the writer’s conclusions.

Developing a Research Question

S cholarship is all about reaching new conclusions.  A paper that simply describes the events of the Protestant Reformation is not a work of scholarship.  A paper that presents conclusions regarding the cause or the outcomes of the Reformation, on the other hand, is scholarship.  Such a paper will certainly contain a description of the events of the Protestant Reformation, but asking and answering questions involves critical thinking about a topic and the conclusions of other scholars.

Once you have the right topic nailed down, you can turn that topic into a question with ease.  A research question will give you a starting point and a finish line.  You will know where to start looking for information and you will know when you are done.

You have finished your paper when you have answered your research question!

T opic:   "Jesus’ fulfillment of Messianic Prophecies according to the Gospel of Matthew"

R esearch Question:   How does the Gospel of Matthew use Messianic prophecies from the Old Testament to show that Jesus is the Messiah?

Short answer:   Your Thesis Statement

Long answer:   Your research paper.

Your Thesis Statement

Your thesis statement is the short answer to your research question!

Topic:   Jesus’ treatment of gentiles in the gospels.

Research Question:   What is Jesus’ attitude toward gentiles according to the gospels?

Thesis Statement:   The gospel writers used the words of Christ and narrative accounts of His deeds to show that Jesus saw gentiles as outsiders who were being drawn near with the coming of the Kingdom of God.

Your thesis statement will vary depending upon the kind of paper you are being asked to write:

Expository:   Generally, you will write expository papers, which means you will be explaining something to your reader, such as when you explain the main message of a book of the Bible. In your thesis be sure  to sum up your paper with one main-idea.  It can be hard to unite the content of an expository paper under one main idea.

Analytical:  examine an issue and determine the cause and effect relationships before presenting evidence for what you discovered. A thesis for this kind of paper will state the results of analysis.

Argumentative: position papers where you  state where you stand on an issue, backing it up with evidence for your claims. A thesis for this paper will specify the position and how the writer will argue in the paper.

A good thesis will do more than simply account for what is in the paper; it will entice the reader to continue reading!

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Gateways / General Resources

Biblical studies, catholic resources, other christian denominations, comparative religion / interfaith dialogue, historical studies, theology / ethics, manuscripts / digital images, search aids and internet resources.

• Citation Guides
• Biblical Resources This link opens in a new window
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• Latin American Theology Resources
• American Academy of Religion (AAR) The official web site of the world’s largest association of academics who research or teach topics related to religion. Includes online publications, teaching resources and educational opportunities, and meeting information.
• American Religion Data Archive The American Religion Data Archive collects quantitative data sets for the study of American religion. Data is freely available and can be downloaded in SPSS format.
• Directory of Open Access Journals The DOAJ Religion page includes links to more than 40 free, full-text, online theology journals. More than 8500 records are available in database, PDF, or HTML format. The site’s creator is William S. Peterson, professor emeritus of English, University of Maryland.
• ICLnet An Excellent Gateway to a wide range of Christian resources with emphasis on biblical studies.
• Religious Studies Web Guide Resources are arranged by format; religious group/selected topics; general search of the Web site.
• Resources for American Christianity: Information & Reflection on Selected Projects Funded by Lilly Endowment Inc. Provides “information and analysis about selected projects funded by the Lilly Endowment and the publications that have issued from those projects.” The publications include interviews, study guides, essays, newsletters, project descriptions, and abstracts for books and articles produced through the grants. Topics include church leadership, ethics, faith development, higher education, racial/ethnic communions, theological education, theology, and worship. The site does not provide an abundance of full-text scholarship, but grant-seekers can gain valuable information concerning the types of projects the Lilly Endowment funds.
• Voice of the Shuttle: Religious Studies Page This large compilation of links has been rebuilt as a database for greater flexibility of use. Covers a wide range of topics in the humanities, of which Religious Studies is one.
• Websites on Religion The Wabash Center for Teaching and Learning in Theology and Religion provides this selective, annotated guide to electronic resources for those involved in the study and practice of religion. Resources include syllabi, electronic texts, e-journals, web sites, bibliographies, liturgies, references resources, software, and more. Search tips and advanced searching are available.
• ECanon: Online Search Engine for Canonical Texts Currently includes four versions of the biblical canon: KJV, RSV, NRSV, and Westcott and Hort Greek New Testament (unaccented). Eventually additional versions; sacred texts from other religious traditions; and other important traditional texts will be added. ECanon is part of TC : A Journal of Biblical Textual Criticism.
• Bible Gateway Search biblical texts by version, passage, or word; allows several search refinements.
• NT Gateway Weblog The academic blog of Mark Goodacre, associate professor of New Testament, Religion Department, Duke University, and author of The New Testament Gateway. Provides frequently updated theological discussion and posts about the academic world.
• Gutenberg Digital Digitized documents, including the Göttingen Gutenberg Bible and the Göttingen Model Book, as well as well-known Bible texts and discussions of Gutenberg’s impact.
• Resource Pages for Biblical Studies Enormous index of links to resources, arranged in four parts: Biblical translations and related texts (including linguistic resources and lexica; Biblical studies electronically published; Aspects of the Mediterranean social world; and the Philo of Alexandria page.
• Navigating the Bible II Although this updated site is intended as an online bar/bat mitzvah tutor, it provides a rich introduction to Tora studies.
• TC: A Journal of Biblical Textual Criticism A free electronic journal--publishing scholar articles, project reports, and book reviews--plus many related links. Now sponsored by The Society of Biblical Literature.
• The Holy See The official Vatican website, including numerous papal documents and a new search engine.
• Catechism of the Catholic Church Full text of the 1997 American edition, plus search engine.
• Code of Canon Law (The Law of the Roman Catholic Church) The full text of the 1983 edition via IntraText.
• The Catholic Encyclopedia An online transcription of the original print edition, which was published between 1907 and 1912. As the 1908 preface says, "The Catholic Encyclopedia, as its name implies, proposes to give its readers full and authoritative information on the entire cycle of Catholic interests, action and doctrine."
• New Advent Includes articles from Catholic encyclopedia, full text in English translation of Aquinas' Summa Theologica, English translations of selected documents of the early church and of the Catholic Church; and numerous Catholic links.
• The Catholic Liturgical Library Provides historical and current information about the liturgies of the Latin (Roman) rite of the Catholic Church. Includes texts, as well as links to articles and other sources that compare and discuss liturgies.
• Catholic.net The successor to the Catholic Information Center on the Internet (CICI), this site provides access to leading Catholic magazines and newspapers, papal and Church documents, and devotional services, as well as weekly highlights from Catholic publications and web sites.
• The Society of Jesus in the United States This official site of the Society of Jesus in the U.S. includes numerous pages of links to Jesuit provinces, Jesuit ministries, web sites of individual Jesuits, and more. It incorporates most of the material from the former site, Jesuit Resources on the World Wide Web.
• The Episcopal Church The official web site of the Episcopal Church. Provides documents and links related to the Episcopal Church, including news, a "church finder", current initiatives, and Episcopal resources.
• The Anglican Communion Official Website News and resources concerning the Anglican church worldwide.
• Evangelical Lutheran Church in America Official ELCA homepage contains links to official and historical documents of the Lutheran Church, directories, Lutheran periodicals, and more.
• Orthodox Christian Page in America Includes links to scriptural sources, the Divine Liturgy, Orthodox prayers, readings, news, icons, and other resources.
• Orthodox Church in America The homepage of the Orthodox Church in America (OCA).
• World Scripture : a Comparative Anthology of Sacred Texts Online version of the 1991 edition published by the International religious Foundation and involving an international team of 40 scholars representing the world's major religious traditions. This collection contains over 4000 scriptural passages from 268 sacred texts and 55 oral traditions, organized by theme.
• WebShas: Learning Online "Intelligent" index to the Babylonian Talmud organized by category, by an English alphabetical subject index, and with a search engine powered by Google.
• Paleo-Judaica The academic blog of Dr. James R. Davila, reader in Early Jewish Studies, University of St. Andrews, Scotland. Includes news items and discussion of all things related to the study and understanding of ancient Judaism.
• Center for Christian-Jewish Learning In addition to information about the Center, which is established at Boston College, and the courses and events that are offered in relation to it, this site offers news items and links to a significant number of resources, including Studies in Christian-Jewish Relations, an open-source journal published by the Boston College Libraries and the Center; related links; reviews; and streaming videos. The site is searchable via an internal search engine.
• Quran Browser Provides searches of the Quran by chapter and verse range displayed in any of five translations. Also allows searches of multiple translations, as well as a display of the Arabic version or a transliteration.
• Virtually Islamic: Research and News about Islam in the Digital Age Focuses on research into Islam and cyberspace, particularly that of the site’s developer, Dr. Gary R. Bunt, Centre for Islamic Studies, Department of Theology & Religious Studies, University of Wales Lampeter. Includes the Virtually Islamic Blog, online bibliographies, and links to sites useful for studying Islam.
• Tabsir: Insight on Islam and the Middle East A multi-contributor blog that seeks to provide "fair, open-ended scholarly assessment" of current issues related to Islam and the Middle East and to "encourage informed debate rather than partisan posturing on all issues."
• The Hindu Universe
• Scrolls From the Dead Sea : the Ancient Library of Qumran and Modern Scholarship Includes links to related materials at Library of Congress.
• The Orion Center for the Study of Dead Sea Scrolls and Associated Literature Provides links to research and educational resources about the Dead Sea Scrolls.
• Guide to Early Church Documents Includes selected texts and discussion of texts.
• The Fathers of the Church English translations drawn from the Edinborough collection.
• Jewish Roots of Eastern Christian Mysticism An Internet version of the on-going, interdisciplinary research seminar instituted in the Department of Theology of Marquette University, but, since 2002, providing "a forum for electronically mediated scholarly discussion about Jewish mystical traditions in the eastern Christian texts" to participants from various scholarly communities. Directed by Alexander Golitzin, professor of eastern Christian theology, Marquette University, and Andrei Orlov, assistant professor of Christian origins, Marquette University.
• Gnostic Society Library Translations of texts and excerpts of texts, including Nag Hammadi codices, other Gnostic and Manichean texts, a few Dead Sea Scrolls translations. Sources of translations not clear in every case.
• The Labyrinth An online clearing house for websites on a variety of medieval topics, from archaeology to old Swedish and beyond.
• The Church in the Southern Black Community Presents ". . . a collected history of the way Southern African American experience transformed Protestant Christianity into the central institution of community life." Part of the Documenting the American South project of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries. Includes the full text of collected documents, plus the essay, "An Introduction to the Church in the Southern Black Community" by Laurie F. Maffly-Kipp, Associate Professor of Religious Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill plus a "Guide to Religious Content in Slave Narratives" compiled by Marcella Grendler, Andrew Leiter, and Jill Sexton.
• The Summa Theologica of St. Thomas Aquinas English translation of the Summa theologiae (Fathers of the English Dominican Province, c.1947).
• Thomas Aquinas in English: A Bibliography Extensive bibliography; includes links to additional related web sites
• Tommaso d'Aquino Newsletter and RSS Newsfeed Site hosting news items and a newsletter devoted to the academic study of St. Thomas Aquinas. Includes links to documents, a picture gallery, and links to other Aquinas-related institutional and individual sites, to tangentially related sites, and to helpful dictionaries. Developed by Mark F. Johnson, associate professor of theology, Marquette University.
• National Reference Center for Bioethics Literature Helps users find resources on bioethics topics by providing bibliographies of recent literature, among other useful tools and links.
• The Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences Provides information about the activities and publications of the Center, as well as links to the sites of related organizations.
• Christian Classics Ethereal Library Full-text English or English translations of Christian writings from a variety of time periods. Searchable by keywords, authors and titles.
• Hill Museum & Manuscript Library Home of the world’s largest collection of manuscript images and of St. John’s Bible, made available to students and researchers through advanced technologies for imaging, cataloging, and teaching. The site also includes digitized rare books and artwork.
• Holy Land Maps from the Eran Laor Cartographic Collection Historical maps of the Holy Land, dated 1462-1927, from the collection donated in 1975 by its owner, Eran Laor, to the Jewish National and University Library in Jerusalem. Searchable by persons, date, and site. Resolution is excellent, depending on the browser used.
• ATLA Cooperative Resources Initiative Repository of digital resources. CDRI database provides access to digital images of woodcuts, photographs, slides, papyri, coins, maps, postcards, manuscripts, lithographs, sermons, shape-note tune books, and various forms of Christian art, architecture, and iconography."
• Internet Resources Citation Guides Learn how to cite information found on the Net in a bibliography.
• Evaluating Information Sources
• Writer's Handbook Produced by the Writing Center at UW-Madison. Contains tips on style, grammar, punctuation, and citing sources.
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How to do Research on Religion

Whether reading biblical passages or considering the inherent meanings of religious artifacts, enormous opportunities exist today for students, researchers, and believers to more fully explore the common characteristics, conceptions (and misconceptions), methods, practices, and traditions of religions from around the world.

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To satisfy your strong desire to explore traditional and nontraditional religions, differences between one religion over another, laws separating church and state, or deeply rooted religious theories or changing attitudes towards religion, almost everything in the world related to this specific field of study is accessible in some form. This article surveys a large selection of sources for research papers on religion and theology.

Selected Subject Headings

Listed below is a sample of a few broad Library of Congress subject headings—made up of one word or more representing concepts under which all library holdings are divided and subdivided by subject—which you can search under and use as subject terms as well when searching online library catalogs for preliminary and/or additional research, such as books, audio and video recordings, and other references, related to your research paper topic. When researching materials on your topic, subject heading searching may be more productive than searching using simple keywords. However, keyword searching when using the right search method (Boolean, etc.) and combination of words can be equally effective in finding materials more closely relevant to the topic of your research paper.

Suggested Research Topics in Religion and Theology

• Bible—Criticism, interpretation, etc.
• Catholic Church
• Christianity
• Christianity and Other Religions
• Religion and Culture
• Religion and Ethics
• Religion and Sociology

Selected Keyword Search Strategies and Guides

If your topic is “prayer in the public schools,” for example, enter “prayer” and “public schools” with “and” on the same line to locate sources directly compatible with the primary focus of your research paper. To find research on more specific aspects of your topic, from your list of keywords that you developed, alternate with one new keyword at a time in between (for example, “prayer and equality and public schools,” “prayer and free speech and public schools,” “prayer and protests and public schools,” “prayer and religion and public schools,” “prayer and states and public school,” etc.).

For additional help with keyword searching, navigation or user guides for online indexes and databases by many leading providers—including Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, EBSCO, H.W. Wilson, OCLC, Ovid Technologies, ProQuest, and Thomson Gale—are posted with direct links on library Web sites to guides providing specific instruction to using whichever database you want to search. They provide additional guidance on how to customize and maximize your searching, including advanced searching techniques and grouping of words and phrases using the Boolean search method—of your topic, of bibliographic records, and of full-text articles, and other documents related to the subject of your research paper.

Selected Source and Subject Guides

As part of your preliminary research to find appropriate resources for your research paper, information source and research guides are available at most public and academic libraries and are keyword searchable through your library’s online catalog (to search and locate guides enter your “subject” followed by these keywords one search at a time: “information sources,” “reference sources,” and “research guide”). Printed guides available for this subject area include

American Religion and Philosophy: A Guide to Information Sources , by Ernest R. Sandeen and Frederick Hale, 377 pages (Detroit, Mich.: Gale Research Co., 1978)

A Guide to Information Sources for Social Work and the Human Services , by Henry N. Mendelsohn, 136 pages (Phoenix, Ariz.: Oryx Press, 1987)

Religion Information Sources: A Worldwide Guide , by J. Gordon Melton and Michael A. Koszegi, 569 pages (New York: Garland Pub., 1992)

Theological and Religious Reference Material: General Resources and Biblical Studies , by G. E. Gorman and Lyn Gorman (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1984)

In addition to these sources of research, most college and university libraries offer online subject guides arranged by subject on the library’s Web page; others also list searchable course-related “LibGuides” by subject. Each guide lists more recommended published and Web sources—including books and references, journal, newspaper and magazines indexes, full-text article databases, Web sites, and even research tutorials—you can access to expand your research on more specific issues and relevant to the subject of your research paper.

Selected Books and References

Dictionary of American Religious Biography , 2nd ed., by Henry Warner Bowden, 720 pages (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1993)

This revised and enlarged second edition offers 550 biographical sketches, including 125 brand-new entries, of the most prominent religious figures in history “reflecting America’s cultural and religious diversity.” Each entry summarizes the subject’s personal history and his or her contributions to religious life, followed by a list of sources. Appendixes provide easy cross-referencing of subjects by religious denomination and place of birth.

Dictionaries

Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible , edited by David Noel Freedman, 1,425 pages (Grand Rapids, Mich.: W. B. Eerdmans, 2000)

Written by 600 leading scholars of all theological persuasions, this first-rate illustrated dictionary covers nearly 5,000 books, persons, places, and major terms noted in the Bible. Each entry critically analyzes each biblical book and related writings, as well as their “cultural, natural, geographical, and literary importance.”

Religious Sites in America: A Dictionary , by Mary Ellen Snodgrass, 508 pages (Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, 2000)

Comprehensively explores some 160 worship groups and religious centers in the United States, including their origin, history, location, and purpose.

Encyclopedias and Guides

Encyclopedia of American Religions , 8th ed., by J. Gordon Melton, 3 vols., 1,253 pages (Detroit, Mich.: Gale, 2009)

This three-volume reference, updated in 2009, features descriptive essays on more than 2,300 prominent and obscure North American religious groups in the United States and Canada, from Adventists to Zen Buddhists, and 22 religious families. Entries focus on the origins and traditions of each religious group. Also available online and in an e-book edition.

The Encyclopedia of Christianity , edited by Erwin Fahlbusch et al., 912 pages (Grand Rapids, Mich.: W. B. Eerdmans; Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers, 2008)

This five-volume set, an English version of the German edition, Evangelisches Kirchenlexikon, thoroughly surveys the 2,000-year history of Christianity from a global perspective. Articles discuss religions and their philosophies and include statistical information on other continents and more than 170 countries in context. Relevant social and cultural issues are likewise discussed, including armaments, genocide, and racism, as well as biblical and apostolic traditions.

HarperCollins Concise Guide to World Religions: The A-to-Z Encyclopedia of All the Major Religious Traditions , by Mircea Eliade and Ioan P. Couliano, with Hillary S. Wiesner, 320 pages (New York: HarperCollins, 1999)

Fascinating A-to-Z guide that explores 33 major religions and religious traditions around the world, from Buddhism to the religions of Africa and Oceania. Entries also cover religious figures, histories, mythologies, mystical techniques, and sacred texts in context.

Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices , edited by J. Gordon Melton and Martin Baumann, 4 vols., 1,507 pages (Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, 2002)

Features core essays on major religious traditions and also 1,000 religious groups and 276 recognized nations and territories, principally focusing on the development and practice of those religions covered.

Contemporary American Religion , by Wade Clark Roof, 2 vols., 861 pages (New York: Macmillan Library Reference, 1999)

This highly recommended reference features more than 500 well-written articles on contemporary religion, religious personalities, and other popular topics, such as fundamentalist Christianity, Feng Shui, Elvis cults, and temptation. Each article is followed by a list of references for further study. Approximately 200 black-and-white photos and graphics complement the text. An e-book version was published in 2003.

Selected Full-Text Article Databases

Academic Search Elite  (Ipswich, Mass.: EBSCO Publishing, EBSCOHost, indexing/abstracting: 1984– , full text: 1990– )

Provides access to full-text articles on current and past events and a broad range of academic disciplines. Abstracts are indexed since 1984, full-text articles from 1990 to the present.

ATLA Religion Database  (Chicago: American Theological Librarian Association/Cambridge Scientific Abstracts/EBSCO Publishing, EBSCOHost/National Information Services Corp./OCLC, 1949– )

This premier online database—also known as the Religion Index Database—indexes more than 1.9 million citations, with some full text, of articles, book reviews, and essay collections from some 1,577 journals and 15,300 multi-authored works from the past 50 years in all fields of religion. Subcategories include religious research in such fields as anthropology, business, history, law, medicine, sociology, and psychology. Also available in compact disc form as ATLA Religion Database on CD-ROM, both versions correspond to the printed editions of Religion Index One: Periodicals, 1949– ; Religion Index Two: Multi-Author Works, 1960– ; Index to Book Reviews in Religion, 1949– ; Research in Ministry: An Index to D.Min. Project Reports and Theses, 1981– ; and Methodist Reviews Index, 1818–1985.

ATLA Serials Online  (Chicago: American Theological Librarian Association, 1924– )

Offered individually and as part of the ATLA Religion Database, this full-text collection covers 50 religion and theology journals, including more than 50,000 articles and book reviews, from 1924 to the present in the fields of archaeology, Bible study, ethics, missions, pastoral ministry, philosophy, religion, society, and theology. Journals include Arts, Archaeology, Catholic Biblical Quarterly, Christian Century, Eastern Buddhist, International Bulletin of Missionary Research, and many others.

InfoTrac Religion & Philosophy  (Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale InfoTrac, indexing: early 1980s– , full text: 1983– )

Updated daily, this Web database contains more than 1.1 million articles discussing the impact of religion on culture throughout history, including arts, literature, and language, culled from more than 250 academic journals and magazines covering all aspects of religion and related disciplines, among them, anthropology, archaeology, and philosophy.

International Medieval Bibliography (IMB)  (Leeds, U.K.: University of Leeds; Turnhout, Belgium: International Medieval Institute, 1967– )

Indexes full-text articles from more 4,000 periodicals and 5,000 miscellaneous volumes, including conference proceedings, essay collections, and Festschriften, on the Middle Ages in Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa from c. 400 to 1500. IMB online is the electronic version.

LexisNexis Academic Universe  (Dayton, Ohio: LexisNexis, 1970– )

Current events database offering full-text articles on a broad spectrum of fields and subjects, including news, business, legal information, country and state profiles, federal case law, the U.S. Code, the Constitution, and court rulings.

ProQuest Direct  (Ann Arbor, Mich.: ProQuest/UMI, indexing: 1971– , full text: 1986– )

This online database indexes citations and abstracts to articles from popular magazines and newspapers as well as general and academic journals in all fields of study, many of them in full text from 1986 to the present. Disciplines covered include culture, current events, history, literature, psychology, religion, sociology, and women’s studies.

The Philosopher’s Index  (Bowling Green, Ohio: Philosophy Documentation Center, Bowling Green State University/Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, 1940– )

This online index cites journal articles, books, contributions to anthologies, and book reviews from nearly 570 journals of philosophy from 43 countries. Topics covered include aesthetics, epistemology, ethics, metaphysic logic, political philosophy, and the philosophy of law, religion, science, history, education, and language, with links to full-text where available. The Philosopher’s Index: A Retrospective Index to Non-U.S. English Language Publications from 1940 is the print equivalent to this electronic edition.

ProQuest Religion  (Ann Arbor, Mich.: ProQuest, 1986– )

Updated daily, this Web-based database—formerly called ProQuest Religious Periodicals—features a fully searchable index of more than 150 titles, including 130 full-text religious periodicals, including Catechist, Cistercian Studies Quarterly, Journal of Biblical Literature, Old Testament Abstracts, Spiritual Life, Theological Studies, and 85 other English-language religious publications. Indexing is for items published since 1986, with full-text material from the early to mid-1990s. Articles are available in different formats (text or image).

Religion and Philosophy Collection  (Ipswich, Mass.: EBSCO Publishing, EBSCOHost, 1975– )

This essential tool for researchers and students of theology and philosophical studies features abstracts and full-text articles from nearly 300 journals, including almost 250 peer-reviewed titles. Subjects covered include biblical studies, epistemology, major denominations, philosophy, religious history, and world religions. Journals indexed in the collection include Archaeology, Biblical Interpretation, British Journal for the History of Philosophy, Catholic Historical Review, Christianity Today, Comparative Sociology, Ethics, Greek Orthodox Theological Review, Islamic Law and Society, Journal of Jewish Thought and Philosophy, Method and Theory in the Study of Religion, and many more.

Wilson OmniFile Full Text Select  (Bronx, N.Y.: H.W. Wilson Co., Wilson Disc/WilsonWeb, January 1994– )

High-quality indexed and abstracted articles, all in full text on CD-ROM and online, culled from the following H.W. Wilson databases: Readers’ Guide Abstracts, Humanities Abstracts, General Science Abstracts, Social Sciences Abstracts, and Wilson Business Abstracts.

Selected Periodicals

America  (New York: America Press, Inc., 1909– , weekly)

Published and edited by lay Roman Catholics, this national Catholic weekly, founded by Jesuits of the United States in 1909, offers commentary and opinion from various standpoints on many social and political issues, written by well-known writers and theologians. Contents include timely and thought-provoking articles, book, film or art reviews, and special issues on crucial topics and prominent individuals. Articles from earlier published volumes are referenced in such major print and online indexes as Catholic Index, Guide to Social Science and Religion Periodical Literature, New Testament Abstracts, Old Testament Abstracts, and The Reader’s Guide to Periodical Literature. Back issues of America are available online through ProQuest Religious Periodicals from 1988 to the present.

Christian Century: An Ecumenical Magazine  (Chicago: Christian Century Co., 1884– , biweekly)

Established in 1884, this biweekly nondenominational journal has offered a moderate to liberal viewpoint on matters of religion, politics, and society. For more than 100 years, the publication has published articles by some of the most respected theologians, historians, and church leaders examining ethical and social issues, contemporary concerns, and religious and moral issues. In addition, the staff-written and contributed articles and editorials have focused on such topics as poverty, human rights, economic justice, international relations, national priorities, and popular culture from a religious perspective.

Christianity Today  (Carol Stream, Ill.: Christianity Today, 1956– , biweekly)

Founded by Protestants more than 40 years ago, Christianity Today features in-depth news, articles, editorials, and reviews on Christian life of interest to ministers and other religious professionals. Each issue explores the major challenges facing Christians today, including education, family, life ethics, money and business, persecution, politics and law, sexuality and gender, and social justice, all written from an evangelical Christian perspective. Issues from 1994 to the present are accessible through the publisher’s archives page at  http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2013/ .

Commentary  (New York: American Jewish Committee, 1945– , monthly)

Adhering to its mission to “clarify public opinion on problems of Jewish concern,” this monthly journal focuses on major Jewish issues in United States and abroad. Published since 1945 by the American Jewish Committee, each issue provides commentary and opinion on political topics and problems of bigotry, human rights, and Jewish cultural interests. Full-text of the journal is available via the online databases PCI Full Text (1945–90), and Expanded Academic ASAP (1992– ).

Commonweal  (New York: Calvert Pub. Corp., 1924– , 22 times yearly)

Reflecting a largely Roman Catholic perspective, this award-winning, independent opinion journal, edited and managed by lay Catholics, focuses on contemporary and social issues of interest to Roman Catholics. Each issue comprises columns, editorials, essays, letters to the editors, and reviews of books, movies, plays, and other media. Tables of contents with selected links to articles in current and past issues, from 1997 to the present, are retrievable online at  http://www.commonwealmagazine.org/ . Issues are also searchable back to 1924 but full-text articles require a nominal fee.

Journal of the American Academy of Religion  (Oxford University Press, 1933– , quarterly)

One of the top academic journals in its field, Journal of the American Academy of Religion features scholarly articles exploring a variety of theological issues. In addition to provocative and insightful articles, each issue includes a large section of reviews of current literature. The journal is indexed and abstracted in such popular databases as ATLA Religion Database, Guide to Social Science and Religion in Periodical Literature, Humanities Index, ISI: Current Contents, New Testament Abstracts, Religion Index One: Periodicals, Religious and Theological Abstracts, and Religious Periodical Index. To browse full text .PDF (2001– ) and HTML articles (2000– ) from past issues, visit the publication archives at  http://jaar.oxfordjournals.org/content/by/year .

Journal of Early Christian Studies  (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press/North American Patristics Society, 1993– , quarterly)

The official publication of the North American Patristics Society (NAPS), this quarterly scholarly journal principally focuses on the study of Christianity and late ancient societies and religions from AD 100–700. Contents of each issue include engaging articles about traditional patristics scholarship, new themes, and methodologies, plus an extensive book review section. Previously published issues are indexed and abstracted in several leading databases, including Arts and Humanities Citation Index, ISI: Current Contents, Humanities Index, MLA International Bibliography, and New Testament Abstracts.

Modern Judaism: A Journal of Jewish Ideas and Experience  (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981– , three times yearly)

This interdisciplinary scholarly journal discusses the modern Jewish experience. Articles address topics relevant to “the understanding of Jewish life today and the forces that have shaped that experience.” Modern Judaism is indexed and abstracted in a variety of online databases, including ATLA Religion Database, America: History and Life, Arts and Humanities Citation Index, Historical Abstracts, Humanities Index, Index to Jewish Periodicals, and many others. Full-text access of past issues is offered online through ProjectMUSE (1996– ).

Religious Studies Review  (Hanover, Pa.: Council on the Study of Religion, 1975– , quarterly)

Published by the Council of Societies for the Study of Religion in association with Valparaiso University since September 1975, this scholarly journal reviews more than 1,000 publications annually in the field of religious studies and related disciplines. Each issue includes lengthy essays on recent books or single-topic articles. In addition, the journal publishes bibliographies and a registry of religious dissertations completed or currently in progress.

Selected Web Sites

Adherents.com  ( http://www.adherents.com/ )

Reportedly the second most frequently visited general religion site on the Internet, this independently operated Web site features 43,870 adherent statistics and religious geography citations of published membership/adherent statistics and congregation statistics for some 4,200 religions, churches, denominations, and more worldwide.

Glossary of Religious Terms  ( http://www.religioustolerance.org/glossary.htm )

This Web page offers a helpful glossary of important terms for various religious groups around the world.

Religious Movements  ( http://www.has.vcu.edu/wrs/ )

Part of the Religious Movements Homepage Project at the University of Virginia, this Web site offers an archived version of profiles about more than 200 different religious groups and movements in the world today, as well as essays, articles, and other valuable resources through 2003 following the passing of its editor Jeff Hadden.

Virtual Religion Index  ( http://virtualreligion.net/vri/ )

Global directory cataloging a myriad of religion-related Web pages with links from the Rutgers University Religion Department.

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7 Tips for Researching and Studying Theology

This article is part of the 7 Tips series.

Research a Particular Doctrine

Only fools or claimants to direct revelation write theology without carefully studying their subject first. The following seven principles are useful for researching a theological paper, preparing to write an article, or developing a full systematic theology one piece at a time.

1. Focus on one strand of biblical teaching.

A common mistake of budding theologians is to try to study too broad a subject at one time. Focus is critical for deep thought. Out of the large tapestry of biblical truth, select one golden thread upon which to concentrate your study. Sometimes your topic is dictated to you, but it is best to pick something that interests you and meets a need in the church. For example, Christians in your church suffer from guilt and legalism, so you study justification by faith in Christ alone.

2. Collect biblical materials relevant to that strand.

The goal of systematic theology is to state what the whole Bible says on a particular topic. This is based on the conviction that God is the Author of every part of Scripture (2 Pet. 1:20–21) and that he speaks one coherent truth through the diverse voices of the Bible’s many writers. In other words, there is a system of doctrine taught in God’s Word. Therefore, you should strive to gather as many Scripture passages as pertain to your study. For example, in a study of justification, you might search for texts using the Hebrew and Greek terms that are translated as “justify” and “righteousness.” However, not all texts using such terms are relevant to justification by faith. You will also discover other key terms, such as “impute” (Rom. 4:6). Other important texts may not use key terms, but express the idea in other words (such as Ps. 130:3–4). Trace the idea as broadly as you can.

Reformed Systematic Theology, Volume 1

Joel r. beeke , paul m. smalley.

The first volume in the Reformed Systematic Theology series draws on the historical theology of the Reformed tradition, exploring the first 2 of 8 central points of systematic theology with an accessible, comprehensive, and experiential approach.

3. Exegete particular texts linguistically, literally, and theologically.

God communicated his Word in human language, so that “the words of the Lord” come to us as the words of a human prophet (Jer. 36:4). They were originally written in the ancient Hebrew (in a few places, Aramaic) and koine Greek 1 languages. Therefore, we must interpret them as we would interpret the meaning of any document written in the language of a particular time and place. Begin with the best translation of the words themselves, taken in their ordinary or “literal” sense. R. C. Sproul said, “To interpret the Bible literally means to interpret it as literature. That is, the natural meaning of a passage is to be interpreted according to the normal rules of grammar, speech, syntax and context.” 2 Theologians, therefore, benefit greatly from linguistic skills in ancient languages. Hebrew and Greek should not be viewed merely as dead languages, but as tools by which to draw near to the living God. Hodge recounted how one of his theological professors at Princeton would remark that “one of the best preparations for death was a thorough knowledge of the Greek grammar.” 3 Make good use of lexicons, grammars, and dictionaries, but do not view them as neutral collections of facts; as Millard Erickson notes, every contributor to such books has his own presuppositions, for he “operates within a tradition and context of his own.” 4 With the same caveat, use commentaries on a specific biblical text to understand it and its context better. Do not stop at the level of analyzing ancient words, but search for the theological message of the text, in the conviction that it is “more to be desired . . . than gold . . . sweeter also than honey” (Ps. 19:10). A necessary first step is to master the use of your own “mother tongue.” The student who cannot speak and write in his own language with skill and precision is in no position to interpret the words of others, especially if they are written in another language.

4. Interpret Scripture with Scripture.

The best way to understand any author’s meaning is to read his writings extensively and not interpret any individual statement in a manner that contradicts the larger context. Since the Bible has one divine Author, the best interpreter of the Bible is the Holy Spirit speaking in other places of the Bible. Use the analogy of Scripture , that is, Scripture taken as a whole and used as a standard of comparison for any and all of its parts. Compare texts that may seem obscure or hard to understand with the plainer texts. If a text can be interpreted in more than one way, we should accept the interpretation that best harmonizes with what other passages teach on the same topic. Do not reject the teaching of any particular text just because you find it hard to accept. While Scripture does not contradict Scripture or reality in general, it is often difficult for our limited minds to grasp how one truth fits with another. The point is to keep reading, listening, and believing God’s Word as God’s perfect revelation.

5. Ask questions about meaning, intent, logic, application, and covenantal and typological contexts.

Christ is our example here, for when he was twelve years old, he sat among the teachers in the temple, “both hearing them, and asking them questions” (Luke 2:46). Query the text. Erickson says, “The theologian will relentlessly press the question, ‘What does this really mean?’” 5 Too often we repeat words without laboring to understand what we are saying. Ask a variety of questions, such as: Who wrote this? To whom did he write? What did he say before it? What is the main point? What details support the main point? What is the flow of the narrative or argument? Why is this specific word used here? How does this teaching fit with what the writer says in other places? What might this person be thinking or feeling at this point in the narrative? What implications does this statement or event have? What response did that call for in his original hearers? What response does it call for in us? An active mind is always asking questions; this is not insolence, but an eagerness to learn.

Keep reading, listening, and believing God’s Word as God’s perfect revelation.

Use biblical theology to place a text in its larger biblical framework. If you are reading a psalm of David, consider how its meaning is shaped by God’s covenants with Abraham, Israel, and David. If you are studying the drought in Elijah’s days (1 Kings 17–18), remember that drought was one of God’s covenant curses upon disobedient Israel (Lev. 26:19–20; Deut. 28:23–24). If you are studying the lifting up of the bronze serpent in the wilderness (Numbers 21), remember that Christ said it was a type of his saving work (John 3:14–15). Typology discerns how God sovereignly ordered people, events, and institutions according to great themes that span the Bible to foreshadow the person, work, and kingdom of his Son (Rom. 5:14).

6. Consult confessional statements.

When studying a doctrine, go back to the creeds and confessions of the church and read the relevant portions carefully. While confessional statements are not the primary sources or supreme authorities for systematic theology, they do represent the church’s accounting of the system of doctrine found in the Bible. Such documents reflect the best wisdom of the ages and often provide deeper insights into biblical truth. They also guard us against repeating the imbalances, errors, and heresies of the past or wandering into idiosyncratic teachings that very few Christians have ever held. Confessions are not enemies of biblical interpretation but are its best friends as we strive to pass on the apostolic deposit of truth (2 Tim. 1:13; 2:2). Like any other human writing, they are to be examined and tested by the Word of God; they are not to be regarded as the last word for Christian faith and life, but only as a help in both.

7. Learn from great books of the past.

Employ historical theology to inform systematic theology. Use modern works of theology, but do not be so arrogant as to assume that you and your generation were the first to seriously listen to the Bible on any given point. You are entering a theological conversation that has been going on for two thousand years and more. Before you jump in, at least have the wisdom of Elihu to listen first to what older writers have said—even if you ultimately may disagree (Job 32:4). Proverbs 18:13 warns, “He that answereth a matter before he heareth it, it is folly and shame unto him.” James counsels us to “let every man be swift to hear, slow to speak, slow to wrath” (James 1:19). Therefore, sit at the feet of the great theologians, such as Athanasius, Augustine, Anselm, Aquinas, Luther, Calvin, Perkins, Owen, Turretin, Brakel, van Mastricht, Edwards, Hodge, Bavinck, and others. By all means, discern their errors, but do not discard their works as relics of the past. If you can, gain at least a working knowledge of Latin terminology, for Latin was the language of the Western church for centuries. Richard Muller’s Dictionary of Latin and Greek Theological Termsis valuable here. 6 Without neglecting recent books and articles, find the classic works on the topic you are exploring and read them thoroughly. Choose one theologian, and immerse yourself in his works for a year or more until you enter deeply into his mind. Be a lifelong student of theology.

If you follow this process of theological research while engaging with the spiritual dynamics mentioned in the last chapter, you can anticipate that you will be equipped by the Holy Spirit to understand and communicate the sound doctrines of God’s Word.

• Koine Greek, as distinct from its predecessors in the various dialects of ancient Greek, was the common language used in the eastern Mediterranean and Near East during the Hellenistic period as a result of the cultural impact of the conquests of Alexander the Great (356–323 BC).
• R. C. Sproul, Knowing Scripture (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1977), 48–49.
• Charles Hodge, “Autobiography,” in The Life of Charles Hodge , ed. A. A. Hodge (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1880), 25. The professor was Philip Lindsley (1786–1855).
• Erickson, Christian Theology , 54.
• Erickson, Christian Theology , 57.
• Richard A. Muller, Dictionary of Latin and Greek Theological Terms: Drawn Principally from Protestant Scholastic Theology (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1985).

This article is adapted from Reformed Systematic Theology, Volume 1: Revelation and God by Joel R. Beeke and Paul M. Smalley.

Joel R. Beeke (PhD, Westminster Theological Seminary) has written over one hundred books. He is chancellor and professor of systematic theology and homiletics at Puritan Reformed Theological Seminary; a pastor of the Heritage Reformed Congregation in Grand Rapids, Michigan; the editor of Banner of Sovereign Grace Truth ; the board chairman of Reformation Heritage Books; the president of Inheritance Publishers; and the vice president of the Dutch Reformed Translation Society.

Paul M. Smalley  (ThM, Puritan Reformed Theological Seminary) is faculty teaching assistant to Joel Beeke at Puritan Reformed Theological Seminary. He previously served for twelve years as a pastor in the Baptist General Conference in the midwestern United States.

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250+ Theology Research Topics That Will Fetch You an A+ Grade

Table of Contents

Theology is an academic discipline that talks about divine, spiritual, and religious beliefs. Across the globe, many educational institutes offer degree courses in theology to help students understand the concepts of religion and human faith. If you are a student who is pursuing a degree in theology or religious studies, then to obtain graduation, for your final assignment, you must submit a thesis on theology research topics.

In case, you are unsure what research topic to choose for your theology thesis, check this blog post. Especially to help you out, here, we have compiled some latest theology research topic ideas. Also, we have provided the key steps for writing an excellent theology research paper. Continue reading to update your knowledge of theology thesis writing.

Steps for Writing a Theology Research Paper

A theology research paper is a type of academic paper that is being prepared on any particular theology topic. Basically, theology is composed of historical, biblical, systematic, and political viewpoints. For writing a theology research paper, you can pick any religion and analyze a topic or subtopic of it from various perspectives.

You may think that writing a theology research paper is easy. But actually, it is not. Theology is a subject that is closely associated with religions and beliefs. As religion is a sensitive discussion topic, you need to be more careful with your opinions and craft the research paper in a non-controversial manner. Also, when writing the theology essay, most importantly, you should try to persuade your readers with valid evidence supporting your opinions about the topic.

If you are not sure how to prepare an impressive theology research paper, then strictly follow the below-mentioned steps.

• First, search and find the latest theology research topic that is comfortable for you to write about.
• Conduct deep research on the selected topic and gather important ideas and points for research paper topics discussion.
• Prepare a neat and clear research paper outline with the collected ideas.

Theology Research Paper Writing

• With the help of the essay outline, begin writing the research paper. In the research paper, make sure to organize your opinions and ideas in different sections.
• Craft an introductory paragraph. It is the opening part of the research paper where you have to include crispy background information on the topic and a strong thesis statement.
• Next, write a literature review. Through your literature review chapter, you should explain how your research and results fill the knowledge gap.
• Present details about the research methodology. Here, you should explain what research method you have used to gather and analyze data. In this chapter, avoid sharing details about your results instead talk only about the research methods.
• Prepare a data analysis chapter and simply present the results of your research. Here, just mention what data you have used without any detailed explanation.
• Write the results chapter. Through this chapter, you should explain to your readers the results of your work, why the results are important, and how the results have answered your research question.
• Finally, close your research paper with a conclusion paragraph. In the conclusion section, you should summarize all your findings and add a thesis restatement.
• Add a reference page. In the reference section, you should list the details of all the research materials, publications, and other sources you have used in the research paper.
• Before submission, proofread the entire research paper and edit the errors in it.

By following all these steps you can come up with a brilliant theology research paper. But remember, the final draft of the research paper that is ready for submission should not contain any errors or plagiarism. Also, when writing the research paper, strictly adhere to your professor’s or university’s research paper writing guidelines, if there are any.

List of the Best Theology Research Paper Topics

In the research paper writing process, topic selection is the most important step that is challenging to handle. If you want to score an A+ grade, then a high level of importance should be given to the topic selection.

Basically, theology is a broad subject with plenty of topics for you to choose from. But when you have many topics, you can find it tough to select a good topic. So, in order to make the topic selection process easier for you, here, we have filtered and prepared a list of the best theology research topics.

Explore the entire list and identify an ideal topic from an area that you have strong knowledge of.

Simple Theology Research Topics

• Discuss the economics of religion.
• What is Exegetical theology?
• Write about theodicy.
• Explain the Spirits’ Book.
• Explore the origin of Spiritism.
• Define postmodernist theology.
• What is the role of religion in climate change?
• Write about the Fox sisters.
• Analyze the Holy Trinity.
• Explain your views about God and love.
• Explore modern Egyptian religion.
• Research the origin of Calvinism.
• Describe various religious wars.
• Explain the concept of a Mediumship.
• Talk about atheism as a religion.
• Cultural specifics of religions.
• The role of religion in the history of education and Science.
• Religion and individual from the perspective of social psychology.
• Discuss women’s role in various religions.
• Explain the concept of heaven in different religions.
• The difference between religion and science.
• Discuss Sikhism as a world religion.
• Discuss the role of heaven and hell.
• Christian Theology and World Religions: Christianity and Islam
• “Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling” Book by McMinn

Easy Theology Research Topics

• Explain the life after death concept.
• Analyze the Gnostic faith.
• Write about the evolution of holy books.
• What are the various forms of evil?
• Compare Quran and Bible.
• Describe the concept of heaven in different religions.
• Explain the role of women in various religions.
• What is the role of heaven and hell?
• What is the difference between religion and science?
• Religion in the globalized world.
• Religion and crime: forgiveness and punishment.
• The political impact of religion.
• What are the links and similarities between the two testaments of the Bible?
• Differences in the mode of worship between the 20th century and the 21st century
• Why some terrorists use Islam as an excuse for killing people
• Are terrorists really as devoted to their religions and beliefs the way they prove they are?
• Does dispensation theology differ from covenant theology?

Biblical Theology Research Paper Topics

• Write about Psalm 51.
• How was Jesus different from other prophets in the Bible?
• Explain the concept of homosexuality as discussed in the Bible.
• Explain Nehemiah and the question of identity.
• Explore the assumptions based on the death of Christ.
• What are the popular parables in Bible?
• How is the Bible different from all other holy books?
• Explain the Ten doctrines of the Bible.
• Compare the Old and the New Testaments.
• What is the role of Satan?
• The effectiveness of faith in Christian life and how it impacts people.
• What are the major contributors to divisions in the church?
• The Biblical examination of why there are divisions in the church.

Interesting Religion Research Topics

• Write about Animism and Deism.
• What is the relationship between humanity and spirituality?
• Discuss the beliefs of Buddhists.
• Talk about the religious conflicts in different parts of the world.
• Explain Esotericism.
• Investigate the existence of guardian angels.
• Analyze the concept of religion in Ancient Egypt.
• Talk about religion in Ancient Greece.
• What are the reasons for the Catholic Crusades?
• Write about ancient religions.
• The Christian model of living and how it impacts society.
• The religious conflicts in different parts of the world.
• How persistent violence affects religious institutions.
• The principles of religious institutions funding.

Hinduism Research Topics

• What is the meaning of dharma in Hinduism?
• Trace the origin of Hinduism.
• Talk about Vedic Yajna.
• Discuss the Hindu Renaissance.
• Write about Vaishnavism.
• The politicization of Hinduism through the dowry system.
• What is the doctrine of scripture in the catechism of Hinduism?
• Explain the history of Hinduism.
• How do other religions view Hinduism?
• Explain the creation of the world in Hinduism.
• What does Hinduism say about Artha?
• Talk about Hinduism in Indian culture.
• Explain the diversity in Hinduism.
• Research a Sanskrit text.
• Talk about the Hindu belief system.

Christianity Research Topics

• Explain the beliefs of Christians.
• What are the various Christian ethics?
• What are the main values of Christianity?
• Describe Christianity as a way of life.
• Explain the history of Christians.
• How does Christianity treat abortion?
• Explain the concept of Christianity.
• What role does Christianity play in world history?
• Talk about the Day of Judgment.
• Analyze the Redemption of Christ.
• Write about Christians in Ancient Rome.
• What is the role of women in Christianity?
• How does the Christian model of living impact society?
• Explain Christian theology.
• Discuss the significance of the Christian creed, and confessions in Christianity.
• Talk about the sacred ceremonies in Christianity.
• Explain Trinity in Christianity.
• What is the heritage of Holiness in Christianity?
• Discuss the impact of historical theology on modern Christianity.
• Nature and faith roles for a Christian.

Research Topics on Buddhism

• What is the effect of Buddhism on the modern world?
• What does Buddhism say about Karma?
• Trace the origin of Buddhism.
• Talk about Buddhism in India.
• What does dukkha in Buddhism mean?
• Write about the creation of the world in Buddhism.
• Explain the organizational structures of the Buddhists in Thailand.
• Compare Buddhism in Japan and China.
• Discuss the modern and postmodern evolution of Buddhism.
• What is the meaning of faith in Buddhism?
• Discuss the concept of Liberation in Buddhism.
• Describe the work of Buddha.
• Explain the concept of rebirth in Buddhism.
• Talk about humanity in Buddhism.
• Explain the concept of the state of nirvana.

Islam Research Topics

• What is the meaning of God in Islam?
• Talk about Resurrection in Islam.
• Discuss the concept of gender equality in Islam.
• Talk about fasting in Islam.
• Track the origins of Islam.
• Are abortions allowed in Islam?
• Why is Ramadan a holy month in Islam?
• Creation of the world in Islam.
• Discuss the history of Islam before and after the birth of Mohammed.
• What does Islam teach about gender, sexuality, and identity?
• Talk about divine destiny in the Quran.
• What are the reproductive rights of women in Islam?
• Write about the Prophet Muhammad.
• What is the role of women in Islam?
• Discuss the concept of Salah.

Judaism Research Topics

• Explain Tanakh texts.
• Have a closer look at the Jewish movement in Israel.
• What is the role of Jews in world history?
• Compare Karaites and Samaritans.
• Discuss the concept of Halakha.
• Can the growth of Israel be linked to the practice of Judaism?
• Talk about Palestine.
• Write about the history of Judaism.
• What does Judaism say about Enlightenment?
• Discuss the history of Judaism theology in the United States.

Read more: Great Religious Research Paper Topics That Will Boost Your Academic Scores

Taoism and Confucianism Research Topics

• Talk about Taoism in China.
• Analyze female shamans in Taoism.
• Discuss the history of Taoism.
• Explain the concept of Proper Rite in Confucianism.
• Research the origins of Confucianism.
• Write about the contributions of Confucianism to the world.
• Analyze Confucianism.
• Discuss the effect of Confucianism on the modern world.
• Explore the reflective practice of Taoism.
• What is the meaning of faith in Taoism?
• Analyze meritocracy in Confucianism.
• Discuss the concept of Benevolence in Confucianism.
• Talk about Junzi.
• Analyze Confucianism during the Tang dynasty.
• Write about Chinese martial arts.

Historical Theology Research Ideas

• Explain the historical impact of the theology of discipleship.
• Discuss the historical contributions of John Calvin to pastoral theology.
• What is the value of socio-historical theology in the genealogy of faith?
• Write about the history of lost and forgotten books in Christian theology.
• Prepare a historical overview of the relationship between race, religion, and culture.
• Analyze the past Jewish traditions.
• Compare historical and contemporary theology.
• Write about the history of pastoral theology.
• A brief historical treatise of the martyr’s cause in Islam and Christianity.
• Discuss the history and development of evangelism in Abrahamic religions.

Political Theology Research Topics

• What is the role of religion in World War I?
• Explain the views of religion on nuclear war.
• Can religion be separated from the government?
• Discuss the political roles of the Pope.
• Write about the politics of Vatican City.
• What is the role of religious institutions in state politics?
• Discuss Augustine’s political and social opinions.
• What are religious politics?
• What are some Amish views on politics?
• Discuss American politics and religion.
• What are Illiberal Religions?
• Discuss the conflict of war and the intersection of religion.
• What is the role of Christianity in World War II?
• Write about Terrorism and the politicization of Islam.
• Describe the political evolution of the church.

Practical Theology Research Topics

• The inclusiveness of the disabled in the theology of humanity.
• Explore the practical celebration of God.
• Analyze practical theology across all religious denominations.
• Discuss the principles of practical theology.
• Explain the international perspective of practical theology.
• Write about the symbolism of salvation and reincarnation.
• Explain the practical exploration of God as an entity.
• A practical reflection on religious law systems as against modern law systems.
• Interpret African cultures in understanding theology.
• Prepare an empirical study of the body and the soul.

Systematic Theology Research Paper Topics

• Compare Catholic and Roman dogmatism.
• Explain the principles and policies of systematic theology.
• What is systematic theology ?
• What are the contributions of systematic theology to climate change?
• Will systematic theology ever rule the world?
• Compare practical theology and systematic theology.
• What are the effects of liberation theology?
• Describe the viewpoints of Romans and Catholics on systematic theology.
• Explain the incarnation of divinity and humanity.
• Discuss the perspectives of spiritual darkness and light.
• Historicity and historicity in systematic theology.
• The systematic theology of the Islamic tradition on animals.
• Explain the systematic concept of God and love.
• Why are death and hell considered tools of evangelism?
• Perspectives of an African-American on systematic theology.

Captivating Theology Discussion Topics

• What is the meaning of the soul in different religions?
• Is yoga a health or religious practice?
• Describe the phenomenon of trickster gods.
• Discuss female clergy in different religions.
• Talk about religion and economics.
• What is the nature of God and its relation with living beings?
• Explain the ideas and beliefs behind honor killings in some religions.
• Discuss the reflections on the Theology of Worship.
• How does religion impact people’s daily life?
• Describe the difference between God’s love and human love.

Amazing Theology Thesis Topics

• Discuss the effect of the sectarian crisis in the church.
• How do the leadership styles and welfare programs impact salvation?
• What are the principles of religious institution funding?
• Do churches contribute to healthy living in society?
• What is Eschatology?
• What are the primary effects of servant leadership on Pentecostal fellowship?
• Discuss the loss and betrayal based on Theology.
• Discuss the polytheistic religion and mythology.
• Describe the rise of mega-churches.
• Explain the relationship between science and theology.
• The impact of the scripture and culture on society.
• How is humanism portrayed in society?
• Explore our ancestors and their spiritual beliefs.
• Explore the pre-existence of the Son of God.
• Describe Roman Catholicism.
• Understanding dialect, philosophy, and Theology through Scholasticism
• Discuss the connection between God, humanity, the world, salvation, and eschatology
• Critical analysis of the impact of the dowry system on Hinduism
• Describe the factors that make Hindu Dharma different from the Sanatan Dharma
• Sanatan Dharma is developed in the interest of the ultimate well-being of humanity that a profound sense of inquiry is brought into everyone’s life: Explain
• Discuss the impact of “Existentialism” on theology
• Discuss the reasons that make it important to differentiate theology, spirituality, and philosophy
• How the Church handles postmodernism theology?
• Theology is a pseudoscience: Explain
• Discuss the theology behind the Palm Sunday

Trending Theology Research Ideas

• Discuss the idea of mankind undergoing a spiritual metamorphosis.
• Look for a Sanskrit text; discuss the Hindu Renaissance.
• Examine Confucianism in Tang Dynasty China
• Discuss the background of Taoism.
• Talk about the Confucian idea of benevolence.
• Talk about the idea of not hurting living things.
• An in-depth examination of Hinduism’s diversity
• Mention Mahatma Gandhi
• Talk about the idea of postmodernist theology.
• Describe religious instruction in the UK.

Outstanding Theology Research Topics

• Compare and contrast major and minor Catholic Saints.
• Explain Greek Philosophy during the Hellenistic Period.
• Describe how Roman Catholicism blended with the Mayan Religion.
• Discuss the ways Mazdayasna influences Islam and the Baha’i Faith.
• Compare and contrast the Aztec and Mayan religions.
• Explain the role Mormonism had on Western expansion in the United States.
• Discuss what the library says about the lost tribes of Israel.
• Explain how different religions view religious officials and celibacy.
• Discuss how the Gnostic Texts differ as presented in the English Bible.
• Discuss how the New Testament explains Judaism.

From the list of 250+ amazing ideas, choose any topic that matches your interest and compose a detailed theology research paper with proper evidence. In case, you need an expert to offer you help with theology research paper topic selection and writing, contact us for quick assistance.

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156 Theology Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best theology topic ideas & essay examples, 👍 good essay topics on theology, ⭐ simple & easy theology essay titles, 🔎 interesting topics to write about theology, ❓ theology essay questions.

• The Mu’tazilites’ and the Ash‘arites Theological Stances Mu’tazilah is an Islamic school founded by the Mu’tazilites who affirm that the ideal unity and everlasting nature of God makes possible for the creation of the Quran as it could not be co-everlasting with […]
• Book of Jonah and Its Theological Message It depicts the infinitude of God’s love and character and disparages the narrow ideology that God’s interest is limited to Israel as shown by His interest in the dwellers of Nineveh, Israel’s ancient enemies. The […]
• Desmond Tutu, South African Theologian In the year 1975, Tutu was given the position of the dean and he served in this capacity in St. Tutu immediately realized the lack of willingness of the South Africa’s white government to engage […]
• Sikhism: Religion and Theology Childhood and the naming ceremony: Just after the birth of the baby, parents go to the gurudwara with the baby where Guru Granth Sahib is opened and a random reading is done.
• Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling The author adds that the counselor needs spiritual maturity in a bid to get the client to the same level of maturity.
• Cloning in Terms of Society and Theology The aim of this paper is to establish the implications of cloning on society and understand the theologians are saying about cloning.
• The Fall of Satan – A Theological Study Thesis: Though the fall of Satan has been narrated and interpreted in multiple ways, the underlying theme is that Satan is an angel who falls as a result of his envy, pride, and arrogance and […]
• Charismatic Theology: Mission in the Spirit In other words, Charismatic is a term referring to Christians who hold the notion that the doings of the Holy Spirit experienced in the early Church, such as miracles, tongue speaking, and healing, are also […]
• Theological Reflection Journal The doctrine of God is complex and central to the tenets of the Christian Church. One of the crucial aspects to reflect on within the study of this subject is the existence of the Lord, […]
• Scriptural Authority and Theological Interpretation: Importance of Distinction The distinction between scriptural authority and the theological interpretation of the scriptures is important in discerning the flaws of human beings as interpreters of God’s instructions.
• Process and Secular Theological Schools of Thought Additionally, the paper will discuss secular theology and the relation it has with the philosophy of Bonhoeffer. Finally, the paper will discuss the validity of the views on God as presented in process theology and […]
• Philosophical Theology The marriage between philosophy and theology led to the birth of philosophical theology. Notable to mention is that, the theory of atonement was used both in philosophy and theology doctrines.
• History of the Dalit Theology in India In Christianity, the main aim of women is to ensure that both genders are represented in the management of the affairs of the church.
• Role of Reason Within Theology Based on the doctrines that are presented by the modern church community, the understanding of the mysteries of faith comes through studying the science of God and the ideas that are considered in the Scripture.
• Islamic Theology and Philosophy These religions have fundamental differences in their approach to Allah, to the destiny of man, and the position of man in the world, to the sin, good, and evil, to the Judgment day and the […]
• Implications of Theological and Psychological Reflections on Human Behavior The Bible talks about the works of the human flesh which are evident in the commission of sins and also warns about the dire consequences of not inheriting the kingdom of God.
• Theology: Love of God Love for God is expressed in the fulfillment of His commandments. It is especially important if the speech concerns a conversation with people of a different cultural background0.
• The Age of the Earth: Theological and Science Perspectives For the former, the answer is linked to God creating the Earth, while the latter try to discover methods that would provide hints and evidence of the actual date on which the Earth emerged.
• Muhammad Rashid Rida, a Prominent Islamic Theologian From these sources, Rida learnt of the risk that Christian European posed to the world of Islam and the need for a stronger Islam to counter this threat.
• Theology of Hope: Moltmann and Pannenberg Based on the founders of the dogma, theology of hope analyses eschatology from the resurrection of the Messiah onwards rather from the creation of the universe.
• Jay E. Adams: A Theology of Christian Counseling Due to the fact that man is dependent on his creator, it can, therefore, be concluded that there is significant need for the use of theology in counseling.
• The Main Problems of “Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Christian Belief” by John Frame One of the best ways to solve this problem is to approach it from the point of view of God’s love for mankind.
• Contemporary Roman Catholicism: Biblical Theology The Bible marks the foundation of Catholicism and Christianity grown on the pillars of the books contents, its translation and importantly its interpretation among the believers. Catholics believe in the Bible as their revelation to […]
• Dispensationalism: Is It Biblical? The second aspects, which is portrayed in the definition, relates to the fact that God has allowed man the power of choice. In this case, it was noted that the aspect of dispensation date back […]
• Perception and Understanding of Theology According to the definition of Etzel and Small, the study of historical theology focuses on the creation of doctrines over time and God’s acts, as shown in the history of the Christian church.
• Theology and Context of the Colossians Christ Hymn This paper examines the history, background, and context of the book of Colossians as well as the theology and significance of the Christ Hymn to a postmodern world. The authorship of the epistle to the […]
• Contemporary Accounts of Nature and Grace: Karl Rahner’s Christian Theology and Hindu Theology The studies have helped in the elimination of stereotypes against the followers of Hindu religion and encouraged Christian thinkers to reflect on the foundations of their religious beliefs through the motifs of Hindu.
• Nursing Theology To non-Christians, the moral and social principles should guide the nursing professionals whereas to Christians the feeling of love should motivate the nurses.
• Christianity: Theological Themes in Jesus Life The sensitivity of the matter have drawn the attention of many theologians to add their views and understanding of the events and circumstance of the life of Jesus Christ and his role as the founder […]
• Religious Studies and Theology: Al-Hajj in Islam Al hajj is performed between the eighth and the twelfth month of the Islamic calendar. This period is called Dhu al-Hijjah.”The pilgrimage in this ceremony begins with the donning of the Ihram”.
• The Origin of Humans: Mythology, Cosmology and Theology In religion, mythological cosmology deals with the study of a body of beliefs based on religious, mythological, historical and esoteric traditions about the creation and the origins of man and the universe.
• Moral Theology and Ethics Principles The right approach is to follow the above discernible norms for the best behavior. Every believer should use the scriptures and natural laws in order to lead a better life.
• Theology: Religion and Healthcare The methods of medicine are based on theological beliefs such as hospitality, the impossibility of healing the body without the soul, and medicine as a divine gift as life and the human body.
• Image of Salvation: Everyday Theology The Bible presents a variety of representations of salvation that will rescue a person’s soul from the grip of original sin and give him access to the divine realm.
• Theological History and Young-Earth Creation The recent history of mankind presents a new field for testing evolution and the creation of a young Earth against each other.
• Pauline Theology in Moo’s and Schreiner’s Views Pauline theology relates to the beliefs of the apostle Paul about God, and the world, that he expressed in his letters in the New Testament and his thoughts recorded in the Book of Acts.
• The Nile Valley vs. Western Cosmology and Theology The social ideals of the ancient Nile Valley cosmology and religion differ from those inherent in the cosmologies and theologies of Western civilization.
• “Sanctification in Lutheran Theology” by Scaer Good deeds in the life of a Christian are not just abstinence from sin and evil but an opportunity to feel and reflect God’s love.
• The Theology of Sound: A Critique of Orality I am interested in examining the history of communication and language by investigating the orality era in Walter Ong’s book, Orality and Literacy. Although the nature of orality is homeostatic, it carries a considerable way […]
• Defense of God’s Love Using Systematic Theology The detailed analysis of the nature of God such as the living God implies that in His infinite spirit, He is alive and is the source and the support of every life form.
• Supersessionism or Replacement Theology It is based on the suggestion that God has taken away the blessing gifted to Jewish people because of their sins and has given it to the church.
• The Sermon on the Mount and Moral Theology The Sermon on the Mount is the Sermon of Jesus Christ, which expresses the essence of the New Testament moral law and its difference from the Old Testament.
• Religious Pluralism and Theology of Religions Hick argues that mankind is in the process of transitioning from a perspective of Christianity as the one and only genuine faith to a novel comprehending of Christianity as part of many global religions, all […]
• Developing a Christian Theology of Religions It concerns the fact that all people in Christianity are considered God’s slaves, and the concept of slavery is humiliating for everyone, especially today.
• Teaching Theology: Augustinian Confessions The article under consideration is written by Stimming and deals with the use of Augustinian Confessions when teaching theology in the classroom.
• Holy Trinity: A Modern Theological Approach The concept of the Trinity is revealed by the theologian using the example of the structural analysis of the Gospel of John.
• Ethical Issues in Social Sciences, Humanities, Law and Theology The purpose of this report is to study the topics of research ethics, their principles, and those ethical responsibilities that researchers have both to the participants in the experiment and society as a whole.
• Divine Love for Creation: A Modern Theological Approach Feinberg’s shift of emphasis is to preserve the idea of the salvation of the human soul and full divine sovereignty but changes the very modality of divine presence.
• New Testament Church and Missional Theology Examining the ways of using the Missional Theory in encouraging compliance with the principles of the New Testament Church, one should focus closer on the values and ideas that the aid New Testament Church invites.
• Liberation Theology in the United States One of the main reasons that contributed to the rapid development of liberation theology in America was the increased cases of oppression to the minority.
• A Theological View on God and Religion in Creating Legal Laws Moral laws should base on God’s commands because; God is the giver of universal objectivity of morality, God gives the ultimate justice, and God is the creator and giver of all human knowledge.
• Religious Studies and Theology The book which is 230 pages explores the 2005 anniversary of Fawkes gun powders plot as one of the most famous plots in world history.
• What Was the Crime of Galileo? Article Analysis The first proposition was that the sun is the center of the universe and entirely immovable by location, while the second was that the earth is not the center of the universe nor immovable, but […]
• “A Theology of Liberation: History, Politics, and Salvation”: Liberation Theology in Latin America The liberation theology is concerned with the meaning of Christianity and the true mission of the Church which includes the fight against oppression.
• Creation in the Ignatian Theological Context The Ignatian vision is one of the perspectives from which it is possible to study the creation of humanity, people’s relationship with God, and the ethical principles of life.
• Religious Studies & Theology This is a step that takes time to build and fulfill and the larger the number of intercessors, the larger the ministry will be.
• Krishna, Vedas, Kami and Other Theological Concepts The concept has great significance in the Chinese religion and the philosopher, who introduced it, is considered to be a follower of Laozi.
• Biblical Context of Women and Theology The difficulty in affirming the extent to which the term diaconate” means or the connotation of the rite by which women were ordained to diaconate is challenging to fix.
• Religious Studies and Theology: Christianity As described by the author ” to be a catholic, therefore, is to be a kind of religious person, and a kind of Christian belonging to a specific Eucharistic faith-community within the worldwide, or ecumenical, […]
• Religious Studies and Theology: The Old Testament Abraham’s faith continues to develop, and his bond with God strengthens when he is asked to take his son to a place where he will offer sacrifice to God. Abraham was a man of faith […]
• Theological Imagination and Secularization Gorski noted that the separation of the state and religion, that had prevailed in the 19th century, generated the secularization that completely changed the basis of theological imaginations.
• Lartey’s Postcolonializing God: An African Practical Theology Emmaneul Lartey’s Postcolonializing God: An African Practical Theology consists of six chapters that are accompanied by the author’s comments, elucidations, and demonstrative examples, testifying to the importance and adequacy of Lartey’s approach to the African […]
• God and Darwin’s Evolution Theory: A Theological Approach The descent of God reiterates the theology of evolution in which Jesus postulates himself as a slave and not as God. Hence this makes the theology of nature and the essence of the entirety of […]
• Religious Studies and Theology: Kumbh Mela This pilgrimage is said to be held in a variety of locations depending on the Planet Jupiter and the sun. What would be the result of a struggle between the gods and the demons?
• Are Roman Williams’ Ideas on Theological Integrity Justified in Medieval Context? According to him, medieval theologians were not honest in their speeches and discourses, as they did not lead the people in the very right ways of the Christ, but in their own ways of thinking […]
• Theological Teaching in the Flow of Christology The power of word and the power of spirit characterize Jesus one being of the Father and related to humanity as well.
• Theology: Exposition of Matthew 24 and 25 The prophets of the Bible pointed out, and as what the Jews also believed, the destruction of Jerusalem, the Temple in particular, and the places surrounding it was the foretold end of the world.
• The Impact of Steven’s Ideas on Theology and Ministry Those theses might be listed as follows: the identification of reflective practice in the sphere of worship leading; the interrelationship of the already mentioned worship to doctrine, concerning such religious fields of it as “atonement”, […]
• New Testament Theology: Introductions to the Books of the Bible In this verse, Paul urges the believers to emulate the example of Jesus Christ by being of a humble nature and obedient.
• Religious Studies and Theology: Hinduism The religion places emphasis upon the importance of truth, like any other religion the main aim of Hinduism is to make the people aware of the supreme power and considering the same the people under […]
• Salvation Concept in Christian Theology Jesus Christ was sent to the Earth to save people’s souls, and give the way to the kingdom of God. Due to this, it is significant to be conscious of the matter and some of […]
• Theological Concept and Leadership Forces Leading is the activity of coordinating and maintaining the rapport of all members of the management towards achieving the objectives of an organization.
• The Problem of Evil in Religion and Theology In the viewpoint of religion and theology, the issue of evil is the trouble of reconciliation the existence of evil or suffering in the world with the existence of a god.
• Theology of Christian Marriage in “The Four Loves” by Lewis C.S. The Four Loves explores the nature of love from a Christian perspective through thought experiments and examples from literature wherein the “need-love” seen in a child for its mother, and the gift-love as exemplified by […]
• Liberation Theology in Latin America Analysis Nevertheless, to the discomfort of the official church, the poverty issue was now fully in the political arena. During the decade of the 1960s sections of the church in parts of Latin America loosened the […]
• Theology of the Old Testament. Religious Evolution The first or the primary stage of religious evolution is the Mana or Fetishism which is the most prehistoric stage of not only religion but the entire human race.
• Theology, Interview, and Via Salutis In today’s world, much preference is given to individual relationships with the Lord, while both Old and New testaments pinpoint the importance of communion in the course of the Christian journey.
• Historical Theology Structure In the structured essay below, you will be asked to compare and contrast reform in the Catholic church prior to the Reformation with that of Luther and Zwingli. Be sure to provide two sets that […]
• Characteristic Theology and Practice of Religion Through the latter, the Orthodox believes that the fundamental purpose of the church is to glorify, bless, and praise the Holy trinity constituting the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
• Theology: The Quran and Its Exegesis In his book ‘Major Themes of the Quran’, Rahman seeks to explain the teachings provided in the Quran. She is of the opinion that God is close to man.
• Theology: “The Early Narratives of Genesis” by James Orr It is against this awakening that the creation of Earth should not be seen as a myth but a true account of what actually transpired.
• Practical Theology and Church Visitor’s Authority Concept For the 21st century church, it is especially important to identify itself in the context of exile that is a resource of renovation, as stated by Beach.
• “The Last Wave” Film and Its Theological Concepts Symbols in the film connect the spirit of nature with the mystical experience of the tribe and prophetic dreams of the main hero.
• Worship, Its Historical and Theological Evaluation And it is possible to say, that the same telos is represented in the service outlined in the second part of the assignment. The achievement of the new life and the good associated with it […]
• Black Liberation Theology and Black Movement The idea of equality in the face of God is the major point of connection between the Black Theology and the Black Power Movement.
• Psychology and Theology in Christian Counseling On the negative side is that prayers might enhance the relationship between the client and the counselor to the level of the patient thinking the counseling prayers are enough to sustain him.
• Theology: “The Powers That Be” by Walter Wink The topic of the book is spiritual and religious; it is the continuation of previous works of the author on the exploration of the powers that guide human lives, and the way they may provide […]
• Poverty in “A Theology of Liberation” by Gutierrez The most critical aspect in which this state deviates from the former two is that a poor person perfectly understands the necessity to abide with God and, simultaneously, the debilitating effect of poverty.
• Book of Exodus in Judeo-Christian Theology The book of Exodus is one of the fundamental points of Judeo-Christian theology in that it depicts the end of slavery and the commencement of the newly emancipated Jew’s journey to the Promised Land.
• Historical Theology: The Main Ideas of Reformation The figure of Martin Luther and his importance for the appearance and development of new ideas is described. However, Luther hoped for the peaceful reformation of society and church.
• Theology and Ethics of Early Christianity: Paul’s and James’ Teachings The works of Paul have been criticized by a group of scholars who believe that they have massive contradiction from the works of other apostles, especially James, who was one of the disciples of Jesus.
• Mythology and Theology: Joseph Campbell’s Views This paper will try to explore the relationship between theology and mythology in respect of Joseph Campbell. According to Campbell, in his article “The Power of Myth,” mythology relates very closely to theology.
• Luke-Acts Theological Content In the parables of the Pharisee and the tax collector and the persistent widow in Luke 18: 1-8, the essence of prayer intensely comes out as a distinctive tool that executes desired changes.
• Christian Prophets’ Teachings – Theology It refers to the worship of other ‘gods’ apart from the heavenly God, who is the creator of the heavens and the earth.
• Holy Spirit in Today’s World – Theology The Scriptures tend to take up a most important part in God’s dealing with human beings, and it is, therefore, not surprising to learn that more often than not, people have replaced the role of […]
• Theology as a Contributor to War From the book of Genesis in the Old Testament, the first war is portrayed between two brothers. The chain of command and science of war was long overdue in the theological world.
• William Paley’s Natural Theology Paley’s argument on the existence of God, the way he compares and contrasts God and his creation with a watch and a watchmaker, is relevant and to some extent realistic.
• Human Rights in Relation to Catholic Theology The church declared the acts of slavery as infamy and conjured to discourage slavery since it was dishonored God and destroyed the lived of many people.
• History of Christian Theology The life of Jesus Christ as a man who was born and lived in Bethlehem in Israel and his verbal teachings are used as the anchors of Christianity as a religion.
• John Hick Philosophical Theology The theory’s hypotheses are internally coherent, in consent with the Christianity religious tradition, and the world is revealed from the natural and moral evil facts, and scientific inquiry. Through this, God will bring back justice […]
• Chapters 23-32 in John Frame’s “Systematic Theology” While focusing on Part IV “The Doctrine of the Word of God” and Part V “The Doctrine of the Knowledge of God” from John Frame’s Systematic Theology, it is possible to note that these parts […]
• Chapters 1-12 in Frame’s Systematic Theology Chapters 1-12 from John Frame’s Systematic Theology provide the background for understanding the idea of theology in general and systematic theology in particular and present the information on the basic definitions, the Biblical Story, and […]
• ‘Psychology, Theology and Spirituality in Christian Counseling’ by Mark McMinn Psychologists’ work is to guide people into unraveling the reality of life by pushing them to discover the self in a bid to get to the bottom of their own troubles.
• “Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Christian Belief” by John M. Frame The book goes further to analyze God’s will and power. Christians should use this book in order to establish the best relationships with their God.
• “On Moral Medicine: Theological Perspective in Medical Ethics” by Stephen Lammers and Allen Verhey One of the strongest and captivating essays in this book is the one by Edmund Pellegrino, “The Necessity, Promise, and Dangers of Human Experimentation”, because the author touches upon different aspects to analyze one and […]
• Overview and Analysis of Hispanic & Latino Theology The Hispanic theology is shown as a representation of the religious and theological inflections of the Hispanic people staying in the United States.
• God in Christianity: Theology and Philosophy The Author of “The Shape of Catholic Theology “tries to explain the importance of God in Christianity and how theology relates to philosophy.
• Historical and Theological Context of Byzantine Iconoclasm The need to ensure that the actions and beliefs of the people of the Byzantine Empire were acceptable to Christ, and drew favor from the heavens, was born out of the prevalent belief of the […]
• Theology, Philosophy and Science in Islamic Civilization In conclusion, it is evident that there was coexistence between theology, philosophy and science in the making of the Islamic civilization.
• Implications of Inter-Religious Dialog Towards a Universal Theology of Religion For any inter-religious dialogue to take place effectively, there are some rules that have to be adhered to, the main purpose of initiating the dialogue should be considered by the two parties involved.
• Christian Theological Entities In other aspects, the term describes a community of protestant churches whose hallmark lies in their contrarian approach to theological and doctrinal interpretation of scriptures and Christian beliefs. Catholicism should learn and appreciate the importance […]
• John Gresham Machen: American Theologian At a certain interval of consciousness, he wrote a telegram with the help of a colleague that proved to his colleagues to have been his last word to the faithful.
• Religious Studies and Theology- Major Themes in Quran This is one of the scriptures which indicate that God is in control of the events happening in the Universe. This is reflective of the love of God to man.
• Evil in the Theology and Practice of Hinduism and Christianity To understand the concept of evil in Hinduism one should understand the meaning the concept of karma, which is believed to be one of the simplest and at the same time one of the most […]
• What is Theology – Faith and Reason in Theology Paul Ricoeur specialized in philosophy and of relevance to this paper are his thoughts on the effect of the past on the present.
• Tasting the Fruit From the Tree of Knowledge: The Many Ways to Consider and Handle the Torrent of Information From a Theological Standpoint One of the obvious advantages of the information torrent is that it can be used as a powerful means to help spread the Word of God and His commandments to begin with.
• The Book of Genesis: Towards Understanding Creation Theology The theology of creation as reflected in Genesis presents the Church’s thinking and views about the relationship between the almighty God and the physical world as it is informed by our own comprehension of the […]
• Who Is God in Theology?
• What Is a Theological Idea?
• How Does Contextual Theology Apply to the Crisis in Syria?
• What Role Does Tradition Play Within Theology?
• How Does Sacramental Theology Describe the Symbolic Link Between God and Christians?
• What Are the Effects of Greek Culture on Christian Theology?
• Why Do Scientific Research and Proofs Often Disagree With Christian Theology?
• What Is the Value of Theology?
• Does Dispensation Theology Differ From Covenant Theology?
• What Are Ways That Theology Helps Us?
• Why Do We Need to Have Basic Knowledge and Ideas of Theology?
• What Is the Basis of Theology?
• How Could Theology Be of Help to Our World?
• What Is Christian Theology? Is It the Same for All Christians? Should It Be?
• Who Is Jesus Christ in Christian Theology?
• What Is the Importance of Theology?
• How Is Theology Related to Religion?
• What Is Theology Reflection?
• How Is Theology Applicable in Education?
• What Is Theology of Faith?
• How Can Studying Theology Help You in Your College Life and Your Future Professional Practice?
• Is Theology Still Relevant Today?
• What Do Theologians Do?
• Who Founded Theology?
• What Is the Difference Between Theology and Christianity?
• Why Is Natural Theology Important?
• Is Theology Part of Philosophy?
• How Does Theology Relate to the Bible?
• What Is Educational Theology?
• Why Is Systematic Theology Important?
• Baptism Essay Topics
• Christianity Topics
• Metaphysics Questions
• Holy Spirit Titles
• Mormonism Essay Ideas
• New Testament Research Topics
• Old Testament Essay Titles
• Suffering Essay Topics
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

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Everything begins with an idea!

Theology Research Paper Topics

Theology is the study of God’s nature and religious beliefs. A lot of universities and seminaries teach theology as an academic discipline. While students study theology, they are often asked to research and write essays about some theology topics. According to what we’ve noticed, students find it challenging to get interesting theology research paper topics for their assignments. We aim to help students get interesting theology research paper topics by providing them with a list of the best theology research paper ideas. As you read on, you’ll find a list of theology research paper topics. Go through the list and choose topics that suit you best. We deliberately added both the popular and the unpopular theology topics to the list as a way to make students have many options. You won’t have to overthink before knowing what to write about any topic you choose below since all of them are easy enough for average students.

Best Theology Research Paper Topics

• Effects of the church in our society through the last century
• Why Buddhism in Japan can’t be compared to that of China
• Basic ideas and belief behind honor killings in some religion
• Differences between the parables in the Bible and fairy tales
• Impact of Buddhism in China and Japan
• Organization structures of the Buddhist in Thailand
• What are the beliefs of Buddhists?
• Why priests in some religions never get married
• Things that make Jesus Christ different from all other prophets in the Bible
• Is the Islamic religion in anyway way related to the Christian religion?
• What gave rise to mega-churches in some parts of the world
• Why abortions are not allowed and encouraged in Christianity
• Women reproductive rights in the Islamic religion
• The effects of homosexuality in the church
• The effects of Greek culture on Christian theology
• The beliefs of early Christians with their fellowship and encounter with Jesus
• The biblical account of how the world was created
• The reasons why women in some religion can’t become religious leaders
• Why does every religion have different concepts about creation?
• Sacred ceremonies in Christianity and how they originated
• Our ancestors and their spiritual  beliefs
• The general impacts of religions on society
• Why scientific research and proofs often disagree with Christian theology
• The major reasons why most atheists believe that no deity exists
• Contribution of churches to our community
• Researches and study of the Old Testament
• What are the links and similarities between the two testaments of the Bible
• Differences in the mode of worship between the 20th century and the 21st century
• Why some terrorists use Islam as an excuse for killing people
• Are terrorists really as devoted to their religions and beliefs the way they prove they are?
• Does dispensation theology differ from covenant theology?
• What are the reasons behind the existence of churches?
• What are the rates at which churches grow in the 21st century?
• What success are the churches making in our present society?
• Why do we need to have basic knowledge and ideas of theology?
• How theology could be of help to our world
• How the idea of theology sprang up
• The reasons why Christian churches now dominate major continents of the world
• Is the Bible really a book written from the inspirations
• Who is God and how has he existed before the creation of the universe?
• How Islam promotes peace and harmony in society
• The religious beliefs of Muslims
• Religious conflicts in some parts of the world
• Apostasy and church growth
• Factors that cause religious division
• Factors that limit the growth of some religious beliefs
• What is the role of faith in religions
• What most religions say about virginity
• What most religions say about the devil
• The biblical account of creation vs. big bang theory
• Does any religion believe in evolution?
• A religious view of life
• The mode of prayer in various religions
• A religious view of reincarnation
• The role of meditation in some religion
• Is there another life after death?
• The essence of religion
• What the Bible says about the universe
• What is faith?
• The significance of the resurrection of Jesus
• What Islam teaches about homosexuality
• What most religions say about sin and holiness
• Why humans need to serve God

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• Hersh Goldberg-Polin

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At the Jerusalem synagogue where Hersh Goldberg-Polin danced in life, grief and anger reign after his death

JERUSALEM — Three hundred and thirty-two days after Hersh Goldberg-Polin danced in the courtyard next to his Jerusalem synagogue on the holiday of Simchat Torah, more than a thousand people gathered there in grief and prayer to mourn his murder by Hamas terrorists in Gaza.

During the Sunday night vigil, the courtyard railings were lined with oversized yellow ribbons to symbolize advocacy for the hostages, Hapoel Jerusalem soccer flags — the 23-year-old’s favorite team — and posters that read, “We love you, stay strong, survive,” a mantra coined by his mother, Rachel Goldberg-Polin.

Just hours earlier, one of the posters had been hanging over the balcony of the home of Shira Ben-Sasson, a leader of Hakhel, the Goldberg-Polins’ egalitarian congregation in the Baka neighborhood of Jerusalem.

“We were sure we would take it down when he came home,” Ben-Sasson said.

The community wanted to unite while respecting the Goldberg-Polins’ desire for privacy, she said, prompting them to organize the prayer gathering.

“But it’s like a Band-Aid or giving first aid, it’s what you do in an emergency. I don’t know how we go on after this,” she said.

A covered courtyard at the Hakhel congregation was filled with mourners the day after Hersh Goldberg-Polin, whose family are prominent members, was found to have been killed in Gaza. Hundreds of other people crowded outside the gates, Sept. 1, 2024. (Deborah Danan)

She added that the community, which has a large contingent of English-speaking immigrants, was not prepared for the High Holidays, which begin in about a month. She said, “Seeing his empty seat is hard.”

For Ben-Sasson, who wore a T-shirt bearing the Talmudic dictum “There is no greater mitzvah than the redeeming of captives,” the tragedy is especially painful because, she said, it could have been avoided with a ceasefire agreement that freed hostages.

“Hersh was alive 48 hours ago. We think a deal could have saved him. There is no military solution to this,” she said.

That feeling of bereavement, often mixed with betrayal, pervaded gatherings across Israel on Sunday, as the country struggled with the news that six hostages who may have been freed in an agreement were now dead as negotiations continue to stall. Speakers at protests in Tel Aviv blamed Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who himself apologized for not getting the hostages out alive but blamed Hamas for obstructing a deal. The country’s labor union, the Histadrut, has called a national strike on Monday to demand a deal.

A rare early September rain lashed parts of Israel on Sunday, leading to a widespread interpretation: God, too, was weeping.

Some at the Jerusalem gathering, including the relative of another former hostage, said Netanyahu had chosen defeating Hamas over freeing the captives.

Josef Avi Yair Engel’s grandson Ofir was released from Hamas captivity in November. He paid tribute to Hersh Goldberg-Polin, murdered in captivity, in Jerusalem, Sept. 1, 2024. (Deborah Danan)

Josef Avi Yair Engel, whose grandson Ofir, 18, was released from Hamas captivity in November during that month’s ceasefire deal, expressed shock over Hersh’s murder but said he was not surprised, given the wartime policies of Netanyahu’s government.

“We knew months ago this was going to happen. Bibi’s formula, to dismantle Hamas and return the hostages, wasn’t logical. It’s an either/or situation,” Engel said, referring to Netanyahu by his nickname. “He’s tearing the country apart. I’m afraid that in the coming months there won’t be a state at all.”

Engel said he felt a close bond with Hersh’s father Jon Polin, not only because of their joint activism in the hostage families’ tent outside the Prime Minister’s Residence, but also because of their shared identity as Jerusalemites.

“There aren’t many of us in the hostage circle,” he said. “We’re like family.”

Sarah Mann, who did not know the family personally, said the weekend’s tragedy reminded her of Oct. 7.

“This day has sparks of the seventh, which created numbness and an inability to talk. Just complete shock,” she said.

Mourners left notes at a gathering at Hersh Goldberg-Polin’s family synagogue in Jerusalem. Many of the messages used the Hebrew word for “sorry.” (Deborah Danan)

Part of the reason for that, Mann said, was Rachel, who she described as a “force of faith.” Goldberg-Polin’s mother emerged as the most prominent advocate for the hostages globally and became a symbol in her own right as she crisscrossed the world calling for her son’s freedom.

“Millions of people around the world held onto her. Once that was cut, people’s ability to hold onto faith was knocked out today. But even though this has shattered us, we need to keep holding onto God,” Mann said.

For Susi Döring Preston, the day called to mind was not Oct. 7 but Yom Kippur, and its communal solemnity.

She said she usually steers clear of similar war-related events because they are too overwhelming for her.

“Before I avoided stuff like this because I guess I still had hope. But now is the time to just give in to needing to be around people because you can’t hold your own self up any more,” she said, tears rolling down her face. “You need to feel the humanity and hang onto that.”

Like so many others, Döring Preston paid tribute to the Goldberg-Polins’ tireless activism. “They needed everyone else’s strength but we drew so much strength from them and their efforts, “she said. “You felt it could change the outcome. But war is more evil than good. I think that’s the crushing thing. You can do everything right, but the outcome is still devastating.”

Guy Gordon, with his daughter Maya, added a broken heart to the piece of tape he has worn daily to mark the number of days since the hostage crisis began, Sept. 1, 2024. (Deborah Danan)

Guy Gordon, a member of Hakhel who moved to Israel from Dublin, Ireland, in the mid-1990s, said the efforts towards ensuring Hersh’s safe return have been an anchor for the community during the war. The community knew him as the family described him in its announcement of his funeral on Tuesday, as “a child of light, love and peace” who enjoyed exploring the world and coming home to his family, including his parents and younger sisters, Leebie and Orly.

“It gave us something to hope for, and pray for and to demonstrate for,” he said. “We had no choice but to be unreasonably optimistic. Tragically it transpired that he survived until the very end.”

Gordon, like many others in the crowd, wore a piece of duct tape marked with the number of days since Oct. 7 — a gesture initiated by Goldberg-Polin’s mother. Unlike on previous days, though, his tape also featured a broken red heart beside the number.

Nadia Levene, a family friend, also reflected on the improbability of Hersh’s survival.

“He did exactly what his parents begged him to do. He was strong. He did survive. And look what happened,” Levene said.

She hailed Rachel Goldberg-Polin’s “unwavering strength and belief in God,” adding, “There were times I lost faith. I suppose I was angry with God. But she just kept inspiring us all to pray, pray, pray.”

Leah Silver of Jerusalem examined stickers showing Rachel Goldberg-Polin’s mantra for her son Hersh, who was murdered in captivity in Gaza, at a gathering after Hersh’s death, Sept. 1, 2024. (Deborah Danan)

Jerusalem resident Leah Silver rejected politicizing the hostages’ deaths.

“Everything turns political so quickly. I came here because I felt that before all the protests, we need to just mourn for a moment and to pray. And show respect for each other,” she said. “We’ve become confused about who the enemy is. It’s very sad.”

But not everyone at the gathering joined in to sing Israel’s national anthem at the closing of the prayer gathering.

“I’m sorry, I can’t sing ‘Hatikvah,'” Reza Green, a Baka resident who did not know the Goldberg-Polins personally, said. “I’m too angry. We shouldn’t be here.”

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The University of Chicago The Law School

Innovation clinic—significant achievements for 2023-24.

The Innovation Clinic continued its track record of success during the 2023-2024 school year, facing unprecedented demand for our pro bono services as our reputation for providing high caliber transactional and regulatory representation spread. The overwhelming number of assistance requests we received from the University of Chicago, City of Chicago, and even national startup and venture capital communities enabled our students to cherry-pick the most interesting, pedagogically valuable assignments offered to them. Our focus on serving startups, rather than all small- to medium-sized businesses, and our specialization in the needs and considerations that these companies have, which differ substantially from the needs of more traditional small businesses, has proven to be a strong differentiator for the program both in terms of business development and prospective and current student interest, as has our further focus on tackling idiosyncratic, complex regulatory challenges for first-of-their kind startups. We are also beginning to enjoy more long-term relationships with clients who repeatedly engage us for multiple projects over the course of a year or more as their legal needs develop.

This year’s twelve students completed over twenty projects and represented clients in a very broad range of industries: mental health and wellbeing, content creation, medical education, biotech and drug discovery, chemistry, food and beverage, art, personal finance, renewable energy, fintech, consumer products and services, artificial intelligence (“AI”), and others. The matters that the students handled gave them an unparalleled view into the emerging companies and venture capital space, at a level of complexity and agency that most junior lawyers will not experience until several years into their careers.

Representative Engagements

While the Innovation Clinic’s engagements are highly confidential and cannot be described in detail, a high-level description of a representative sample of projects undertaken by the Innovation Clinic this year includes:

Transactional/Commercial Work

• A previous client developing a symptom-tracking wellness app for chronic disease sufferers engaged the Innovation Clinic again, this time to restructure its cap table by moving one founder’s interest in the company to a foreign holding company and subjecting the holding company to appropriate protections in favor of the startup.
• Another client with whom the Innovation Clinic had already worked several times engaged us for several new projects, including (1) restructuring their cap table and issuing equity to an additional, new founder, (2) drafting several different forms of license agreements that the company could use when generating content for the platform, covering situations in which the company would license existing content from other providers, jointly develop new content together with contractors or specialists that would then be jointly owned by all creators, or commission contractors to make content solely owned by the company, (3) drafting simple agreements for future equity (“Safes”) for the company to use in its seed stage fundraising round, and (4) drafting terms of service and a privacy policy for the platform.
• Yet another repeat client, an internet platform that supports independent artists by creating short films featuring the artists to promote their work and facilitates sales of the artists’ art through its platform, retained us this year to draft a form of independent contractor agreement that could be used when the company hires artists to be featured in content that the company’s Fortune 500 brand partners commission from the company, and to create capsule art collections that could be sold by these Fortune 500 brand partners in conjunction with the content promotion.
• We worked with a platform using AI to accelerate the Investigational New Drug (IND) approval and application process to draft a form of license agreement for use with its customers and an NDA for prospective investors.
• A novel personal finance platform for young, high-earning individuals engaged the Innovation Clinic to form an entity for the platform, including helping the founders to negotiate a deal among them with respect to roles and equity, terms that the equity would be subject to, and other post-incorporation matters, as well as to draft terms of service and a privacy policy for the platform.
• Students also formed an entity for a biotech therapeutics company founded by University of Chicago faculty members and an AI-powered legal billing management platform founded by University of Chicago students.
• A founder the Innovation Clinic had represented in connection with one venture engaged us on behalf of his other venture team to draft an equity incentive plan for the company as well as other required implementing documentation. His venture with which we previously worked also engaged us this year to draft Safes to be used with over twenty investors in a seed financing round.

More information regarding other types of transactional projects that we typically take on can be found here .

Regulatory Research and Advice

• A team of Innovation Clinic students invested a substantial portion of our regulatory time this year performing highly detailed and complicated research into public utilities laws of several states to advise a groundbreaking renewable energy technology company as to how its product might be regulated in these states and its clearest path to market. This project involved a review of not only the relevant state statutes but also an analysis of the interplay between state and federal statutes as it relates to public utilities law, the administrative codes of the relevant state executive branch agencies, and binding and non-binding administrative orders, decisions and guidance from such agencies in other contexts that could shed light on how such states would regulate this never-before-seen product that their laws clearly never contemplated could exist. The highly varied approach to utilities regulation in all states examined led to a nuanced set of analysis and recommendations for the client.
• In another significant research project, a separate team of Innovation Clinic students undertook a comprehensive review of all settlement orders and court decisions related to actions brought by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau for violations of the prohibition on unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts and practices under the Consumer Financial Protection Act, as well as selected relevant settlement orders, court decisions, and other formal and informal guidance documents related to actions brought by the Federal Trade Commission for violations of the prohibition on unfair or deceptive acts or practices under Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act, to assemble a playbook for a fintech company regarding compliance. This playbook, which distilled very complicated, voluminous legal decisions and concepts into a series of bullet points with clear, easy-to-follow rules and best practices, designed to be distributed to non-lawyers in many different facets of this business, covered all aspects of operations that could subject a company like this one to liability under the laws examined, including with respect to asset purchase transactions, marketing and consumer onboarding, usage of certain terms of art in advertising, disclosure requirements, fee structures, communications with customers, legal documentation requirements, customer service and support, debt collection practices, arrangements with third parties who act on the company’s behalf, and more.

Miscellaneous

• Last year’s students built upon the Innovation Clinic’s progress in shaping the rules promulgated by the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) pursuant to the Corporate Transparency Act to create a client alert summarizing the final rule, its impact on startups, and what startups need to know in order to comply. When FinCEN issued additional guidance with respect to that final rule and changed portions of the final rule including timelines for compliance, this year’s students updated the alert, then distributed it to current and former clients to notify them of the need to comply. The final bulletin is available here .
• In furtherance of that work, additional Innovation Clinic students this year analyzed the impact of the final rule not just on the Innovation Clinic’s clients but also its impact on the Innovation Clinic, and how the Innovation Clinic should change its practices to ensure compliance and minimize risk to the Innovation Clinic. This also involved putting together a comprehensive filing guide for companies that are ready to file their certificates of incorporation to show them procedurally how to do so and explain the choices they must make during the filing process, so that the Innovation Clinic would not be involved in directing or controlling the filings and thus would not be considered a “company applicant” on any client’s Corporate Transparency Act filings with FinCEN.
• The Innovation Clinic also began producing thought leadership pieces regarding AI, leveraging our distinct and uniquely University of Chicago expertise in structuring early-stage companies and analyzing complex regulatory issues with a law and economics lens to add our voice to those speaking on this important topic. One student wrote about whether non-profits are really the most desirable form of entity for mitigating risks associated with AI development, and another team of students prepared an analysis of the EU’s AI Act, comparing it to the Executive Order on AI from President Biden, and recommended a path forward for an AI regulatory environment in the United States. Both pieces can be found here , with more to come!

Innovation Trek

Thanks to another generous gift from Douglas Clark, ’89, and managing partner of Wilson, Sonsini, Goodrich & Rosati, we were able to operationalize the second Innovation Trek over Spring Break 2024. The Innovation Trek provides University of Chicago Law School students with a rare opportunity to explore the innovation and venture capital ecosystem in its epicenter, Silicon Valley. The program enables participating students to learn from business and legal experts in a variety of different industries and roles within the ecosystem to see how the law and economics principles that students learn about in the classroom play out in the real world, and facilitates meaningful connections between alumni, students, and other speakers who are leaders in their fields. This year, we took twenty-three students (as opposed to twelve during the first Trek) and expanded the offering to include not just Innovation Clinic students but also interested students from our JD/MBA Program and Doctoroff Business Leadership Program. We also enjoyed four jam-packed days in Silicon Valley, expanding the trip from the two and a half days that we spent in the Bay Area during our 2022 Trek.

The substantive sessions of the Trek were varied and impactful, and enabled in no small part thanks to substantial contributions from numerous alumni of the Law School. Students were fortunate to visit Coinbase’s Mountain View headquarters to learn from legal leaders at the company on all things Coinbase, crypto, and in-house, Plug & Play Tech Center’s Sunnyvale location to learn more about its investment thesis and accelerator programming, and Google’s Moonshot Factory, X, where we heard from lawyers at a number of different Alphabet companies about their lives as in-house counsel and the varied roles that in-house lawyers can have. We were also hosted by Wilson, Sonsini, Goodrich & Rosati and Fenwick & West LLP where we held sessions featuring lawyers from those firms, alumni from within and outside of those firms, and non-lawyer industry experts on topics such as artificial intelligence, climate tech and renewables, intellectual property, biotech, investing in Silicon Valley, and growth stage companies, and general advice on career trajectories and strategies. We further held a young alumni roundtable, where our students got to speak with alumni who graduated in the past five years for intimate, candid discussions about life as junior associates. In total, our students heard from more than forty speakers, including over twenty University of Chicago alumni from various divisions.

The Trek didn’t stop with education, though. Throughout the week students also had the opportunity to network with speakers to learn more from them outside the confines of panel presentations and to grow their networks. We had a networking dinner with Kirkland & Ellis, a closing dinner with all Trek participants, and for the first time hosted an event for admitted students, Trek participants, and alumni to come together to share experiences and recruit the next generation of Law School students. Several speakers and students stayed in touch following the Trek, and this resulted not just in meaningful relationships but also in employment for some students who attended.

More information on the purposes of the Trek is available here , the full itinerary is available here , and one student participant’s story describing her reflections on and descriptions of her experience on the Trek is available here .

The Innovation Clinic is grateful to all of its clients for continuing to provide its students with challenging, high-quality legal work, and to the many alumni who engage with us for providing an irreplaceable client pipeline and for sharing their time and energy with our students. Our clients are breaking the mold and bringing innovations to market that will improve the lives of people around the world in numerous ways. We are glad to aid in their success in any way that we can. We look forward to another productive year in 2024-2025!