flow chart for essay

How to describe a flow chart in IELTS

• understand how to identify the main features of a flowchart
• review how to write about a flowchart (a description and analysis of a process)
• learn how to divide the writing task into three main parts
• approach this type of task with confidence
• obtain a high IELTS score in this exam task

What is a flow chart?

The task 1 flow chart, what is a flowchart going to be like in the ielts test, look before you plan, a task 1 flow chart might look like this:.

• How many steps are there?
• Are there points in the process when there are two things occurring simultaneously or where there are alternatives?
• Are there any cause-effect relationships in the diagram?

Plan before you write

Ielts writing task 1 is assessed according to 4 criteria:.

• task achievement
• coherence and cohesion
• lexical resource
• grammatical range and accuracy
• Introduction : 2 sentences, the first to generally state what the process is and the second to point out some comments on the process, its relevance, complexity and so on.
• Main body : a sequential description of the process itself. In our examples, how many stages did you count? Would we need one sentence for each stage or is it possible to combine some together in complex sentences?
• A short conclusion of one or two sentences : We may decide in fact to include the "overview" here instead of at the beginning as some kind of concluding remark.

The writing process

Some useful examples of the passive:, we could begin the main part:, after writing.

• 3-5 minutes: Reading question, looking and planning
• 10-12 minutes: Writing
• 3-5 minutes: Checking

Try this by yourself:

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IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Describe a Flowchart task 1

Watch the video on how to answer describing a flowchart.

For flowcharts, include the number of steps. Because the procedure has several possible directions, you don’t need to count the number of steps. Rather, you can say, “there are several/numerous steps”. You should also include where the procedure starts and finishes, including the different possible endings. 

Main Features

Similar to processes/procedures, every step or stage is a main feature in a flow chart and you need to include all of them in your description. Paraphrase the labelled steps in the diagram. You should use cohesive devices to describe sequence and addition. ​

Making comparisons are sometimes relevant for flowcharts when there are alternative directions the procedure can take according to the information in the diagram 

Sample Answer

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The diagram shows the procedure for university entry for high school graduates.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words

Illustrated in the flowchart is the procedure which students, who have graduated from high school, follow when applying for a college course. Overall, there are several steps commencing with high school graduation and ending with either rejection of the application or successfully entering university.

Once the application form has been downloaded and completed by high school graduates, it is forwarded to the university admin department where there are 3 possible outcomes. If it is rejected, it will either be cancelled, or the applicant can apply for a different course and resubmit their alternate application to the same department. 

Alternatively, when the form is provisionally accepted, after a 2-week consideration period, the applicant is required to gather and provide additional documents to support their application and then submit these to the college. Once candidates are accepted, at the end of a fourteen-day appraisal, they can complete their registration with the Dean, after they have chosen their preferred subjects and then they finally join the college. 

Sample: Flowchart PDF

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• Academic Task 1

IELTS Flow Chart Academic Writing Task Guide

• Task 1 Guide
• Table & Bar
• Bar & Pie
• Table & Pie
• Compare Contrast
• Identifying Trends

This guide will help you to understand process diagrams and flow charts for IELTS Academic Writing Task 1.

Table of Contents

1.1 objective, 1.2 skills used, 2.1 process diagram.

• 2.2 Flow Chart

3.1 Introduction and Overview

3.2 main body paragraphs.

• IELTS Writing Task 1 Band Descriptors Explained
• 5.1 Linking phrases for Process Diagrams/ Flow Charts

6.1 Present Simple Passive

6.2 present perfect passive, 6.3 participle structures, 7.1 sample answer commentary, 8.1 problem 1, 8.2 problem 2.

• Quiz- Check Your Understanding

1. IELTS Process Diagram/ Flow Chart Overview

Process diagrams and flow charts fall under the same category as they require the same type of response and approach. They are not a very common IELTS writing task 1 question in the exam.

An IELTS process diagram will illustrate several stages of a process using pictures . A flow chart is visually more simple and will illustrate a process using a series of boxes and directional arrows .

Although a process diagram/flow chart is not a very common IELTS writing task 1 question type, it is important to be prepared in case it comes up in your IELTS exam.

The main aim of this task is to produce a minimum of 150-word report that summarises, reports and compares the main features of the process diagram or flow chart.

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Even though the information in a process diagram/flow chart is being presented using pictures or boxes, you are still being tested on the same skills as you need for graphs and charts in IELTS writing task 1.

You need to select the key features of the diagram or chart, summarise the important information and make comparisons when it is appropriate.

The tone of your report should be formal and you must write at least 150 words .

2. IELTS Task 1 Process Diagram and Flow Chart Questions

The process diagram/ flow chart will either describe a natural process or a production process. Sometimes a decision making process can be there – for instance, steps to buying a house. Here is an example of the process of producing and making a cup of tea:

The picture below show how tea is produced and then illustrate the process of making a cup of tea.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features making comparisons wher relavant.

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2.3 Flow Chart

Below is an example of a flow chart that illustrates a the process of enrolling at a university:

The diagram shows the procedure for successful high school graduates to enrol at university.

Summarise the information by reporting and selecting the main features making comparisons where relevant.

3. Structure for IELTS Process Diagram/ Flow Chart Questions

You should write your report for these question types using a clear structure and  logical paragraphing. Read on for more information about what to include in each paragraph.

Unlike your response to an IELTS graph, chart, map or table, you do not need to separate your introduction and overview paragraph for a process diagram/ flow chart.

In this paragraph, you need to summarise the diagram or chart in one statement. You must include all the key features. This is the most important paragraph in IELTS writing task 1.

Here are some useful phrases to introduce your first paragraph :

• The flow chart show information about …
• The pictures in the process diagram illustrate information about …
• The diagram illustrates information about …

The diagram shows information about …

Here are some sentence endings for the process of tea (tea could be replaced with the relevant process for your question):

• …how to grow tea
• …how a cup of tea is made
• …the process of growing tea
• …the process by which tea is grown
• …the steps involved in growing tea
• …the stages of making a cup of tea

Your main body paragraphs should go into more detail than your overview. Note that you do not have to separate your body paragraphs according to the number of diagrams . For example, there are four diagrams, you do not need to write four paragraphs: we recommend you write one or two paragraphs .

Here are some more helpful hints for your main body paragraphs :

• You should write about each stage of the process , but you will be able to write about some in more detail than others
• Use the vocabulary that is given to you in the diagrams
• You will need to change the tense of any sentences you are given (e.g. the imperative ‘dry the leaves’ would need to be changed to the passive ‘the beans are dried’)
• Use a mix of the passive and active voice. Keep in mind that passive voice helps to explain a process better.
• When using the passive voice and, if you think it is necessary, you can add the agent to the end of the sentence e.g., ‘after the tea is picked by the workers ’
• Use linking phrases to describe the start , next stages or end of a process (see Vocabulary for IELTS Process Diagrams/Flow Charts )

4. IELTS Writing Task 1 Band Descriptors Explained

Our section  on IELTS Writing Band descriptors   in our IELTS writing Task 1 Masterclass is full of helpful hints for each marking criterion.

5. Vocabulary for IELTS Process Diagrams/Flow Charts

5.1 linking phrases for process diagrams/flow chart.

You should use a range of linking phrases throughout your report.

You can use the following linking words and phrases to describe the start , next stages and end of a process:

6. Grammar for IELTS Process Diagram/Flow Charts

The present simple passive is useful for describing a process because you can put focus on the object involved in the process.

Present Simple Passive Form : Object + is/are + past participle

Examples : The tea is picked and put into baskets. The tea is boxed and delivered to supermarkets. The water is boiled and then poured into the cup.

The present perfect passive is useful when you want to write about two stages of the process in one sentence.

Present perfect passive form : Object + have/has + been + past participle

In the first part of the sentence, use the words :

Examples : Once the tea leaves have been picked , they are placed into a basket. When the tea has been picked , it is packed into boxes. After the tea has been put into boxes, it is driven to supermarkets.

The present simple passive can be replaced by a participle structure. This will help to increase your grammatical range.

Participle forms : After being + past participle + subject + second half of sentence Having been + past participle + subject + second half of sentence

Examples : Having been picked from the field, the tea leaves are placed into a basket. After being packed into boxes , it is driven to supermarkets.

7. IELTS Writing Task 1 Process Diagram Sample Answer

The pictures below show how tea is produced and then illustrate the process of making a cup of tea.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features making comparisons where relevant.

The diagram shows information about the process of growing tea and the steps involved in making a cup of tea. There are thirteen stages in the process, beginning with the growing and sowing of the tea seeds in India and China and finishing with drinking a cup of tea.

In the first and second stage , tea leaves are sown and grown in India and China, left to grow in the sun and then the leaves are picked and put into baskets. Once the leaves have been picked , they are packed and put into boxes before being loaded onto lorries and delivered to supermarkets. Having been delivered , the tea is then purchased and taken home by customers.

If we look at the process of making a cup of tea , to begin with the customer first boils a kettle of water. After the water has boiled , they then add the tea bag to the cup before adding the desired amount of milk and sugar. The final stage is that the tea can be drunk and enjoyed. This completes the process of making a cup of tea from beginning to end.

The report above would receive an estimated 9.0 overall in the IELTS writing task 1 Academic paper.

It has been organised into logical paragraphs that are clearly divided into an introduction/overview and then two main body paragraphs separated into the first and last stages of the process. All stages of the process have been mentioned.

The minimum 150 words has been exceeded. The report is written in a formal style (the write has not included their opinion and has not used informal language)

The passive voice has been accurately used throughout the report, for example ‘Once the leaves have been picked’. Lexical items such as ‘once’ and ‘after’ have been used to create order and cohesion. The present perfect passive has been used to introduce more than one process in a sentence, e.g. ‘After the water has boiled, they then add the tea bag to the cup’.

Linking phrases such as ‘In the first and second stage…’ and ‘The final stage’ have also been used to order the process. The participle sentence ‘Having been delivered, the tea is then purchased and taken home by customers’ also adds to the grammatical range.

8. Common Errors and How to Avoid Them

Problem 1 Not using the passive voice effectively.

Solution 1 You need to use the passive voice when describing an IELTS process diagram or flow chart because it is often not clear who is doing the action and you want to put focus on the object of the sentence. Make sure you practise forming the present simple passive and present perfect passive as these will be very useful when writing this type of report.

Problem 2 Missing some of the stages in the diagram.

Solution 2 You should aim to write about each stage of the process. However, this does not mean you need to go into detail for each stage and you will have more to write about some stages than others.

9. Quiz- Check Your Understanding

Take this short quiz to test your understanding of writing task 1 and process diagrams/ flow charts:

• False Answer: B. False Exp × Explanation: Unlike your response to an IELTS graph, chart, map or table, you do not need to separate your introduction and overview paragraph for a process diagram/ flow chart (although you may choose to separate them if you wish).

Explanation: Although a process diagram/ flow chart is not a very common IELTS writing task 1 question type, it is still important to be prepared in case it comes up in your IELTS exam.

• The graph shows…

Explanation: A. cannot be used when writing about process diagrams/ flow charts, it is more suitable for line graphs.

Explanation: You should create order in your report. For example, you could choose to write about the first stages of the process in body paragraph 1, and the last stages in body paragraph 2.

Explanation: You should mention each stage, but you do not have to write about every stage in detail.

Explanation: The present simple passive and present perfect passive are very useful when writing about processes.

• The tea is picked and put into baskets. Answer: A.
• The workers pick the tea and put it into baskets
• After the workers pick the tea, they put it into boxes.
• When the tea has been picked, it is packed into boxes. Answer: B.
• The trees in the city had been cut down.

Explanation: A. is an example of the past perfect passive and C. is an example of the past simple passive.

• The trees in the city were cut down
• Finally,...
• In the first stage,...
• is grown… Answer: C. Is grown is the passive form, not a linking phrase.

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The 100 most useful phrases for IELTS Writing flowchart tasks

By: Alex Case | Category: English Language Examinations | Topic: IELTS

Last Updated: 12th May. 2023

Essential phrases for IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 describing processes tasks, with important phrases for the introduction and body of essays describing all kinds of flowcharts

First sentence of the introduction/ Rephrasing the question/ Brief description of the flowchart

(optional) summary sentence/ description of the component parts/ what you notice straightaway, sentence describing the structure of/ organisation of/ plan for (the body of) your essay, the most useful phrases for describing the first step.

•  The final stage

Things happening at the same time/ Alternatives/ When the flow chart splits

Further explanation, going back in time, starting the second body paragraph, the most useful verbs for describing processes.

This is a short list of vital phrases to memorise in order to do well with IELTS Academic Writing Part 1 flowchart tasks. A bigger list of useful phrases and over 300 pages of materials to give input on, practice and give feedback on all kinds of IELTS Academic Writing tasks are available at https://www.usingenglish.com/e-books/ielts-writing/

The most useful phrases for IELTS Writing Task One flowchart task introductions

• The chart (given) gives information on the way that…
• The flowchart (given) includes information on the method by which…
• The chart (given) shows the process for…
• The flowchart (given) illustrates the steps necessary to...
• The diagram (at the top) represents the process by which…
• The illustration (at the bottom) explains how to…
• The (left-hand/ right-hand) illustration presents information on how … is…
• There are… steps (in total) from the start to the end of the process.
• The… steps are divided into two parts, from… to…, and from… until…
• The… stages can be split into two parts, the section starting from…, and the other beginning from…
• The process goes from… to… (in … steps/ stages).
• The system consists of (both)…
• The procedure is made up of… parts.
• The first … steps of the process…, whereas the rest of the procedure…
• The whole process includes both … and …
• I will describe the first … stages, and then turn my attention to the following (…) steps.
• I will explain the first half of the procedure, then move on to the latter part.
• I will explain those two parts of the process in that order (in the paragraphs below).
• I will describe those two parts of the procedure in turn (in the paragraphs below).
• I will look at the chart on the left and then describe the one on the right.
• I will write about the flowchart at the top and after that do the same for the one underneath.

The most useful phrases for the body of IELTS Writing Task 1 flowchart essays

• At the beginning of the process,…/ At the start of the process,…/ The first part of the procedure is…
• The first stage shown on the flowchart is…/ The initial part of the process is…
• The cycle begins with…/ The process starts with…/ The system gets underway with…

  The following steps

• After that (stage)/ Following that, the process moves onto…
• After completing that/ (After) having finished that, the process progresses to…
• When that (part of the process) is completed/ After that is completed/ Once that is completed, the next step is…
• After that,…/ Next,…/ The following stage is…
• This is followed by…/ This leads to…

  The final stage

• The final step is…/ The last stage is…
• The process comes to a close with…/ The procedure concludes with…/ The system ends with…
• …brings the process to a close/ ends the procedure.
• There are then two ways of…,…/ Some… while others…/ Then… either… or…
• Alternatively,…/ The other possibility is…
• During this stage,…
• This stage consists of…/ This part of the process includes…
• namely,…/ To be precise,…
• This means (that)…/ That is to say…/ In other words,…/ To explain that further,…/ i.e….
• This follows…/ Before that,…/ Prior to this,…
• Turning our attention to the remaining five steps,…
• Moving on to second half of the process,…
• Turning to the rest of the procedure,…
• Looking at the parts of the process which…,…
• The other flowchart/ The second chart/ The lower diagram…
• After… is completed, the second half of the process starts with…
• The remainder of the process starts with…
• As for the other flowchart,…

with other forms of words in brackets ()

• add (addition additional)
• arrange (arrangement)/ classify (classification)/ organise (organisation)/ put into order/ sort
• assemble (disassemble assembly disassembly)/ build (built built)/ put (put put) together
• assess (assessment)/ evaluate (evaluation)/ judge (judgement)
• attach (attachment)/ connect (connection disconnect disconnection)
• begin (began begun)/ start/ undertake (undertook undertaken)
• bend (bent bent)/ flex (flexible flexibility inflexible inflexibility)
• bring (brought brought) together/ gather
• broadcast/ transmit (transmit retransmit transmission retransmission)
• check/ verify (verification)
• choose (chose chosen choice)/ select (selection)
• coat (coating)/ cover/ wrap (wrapping)
• construct (construction)/ create (creation)/ make (made made)/ produce (production reproduce reproduction)
• contributes (contribution) to
• cool (coolant)
• dig (dug dug) (up)/ excavate (excavation)
• distribute (distribution)/ disseminate (dissemination)
• divide (division)/ share/ split (split split)
• expand (expansion)/ grow (grew grown)/ spread (spread spread)
• fasten (unfasten)
• fill (full refill)
• flat (flatten)
• forecast (forecast forecast)/ predict (prediction)
• grind (ground ground)
• happens/ occurs (occurrence)
• hold (held held) (in place)/ keep (kept kept)/ store
• insert/ slot into
• lengthen/ stretch
• let (let let) go/ release
• lift/ raise
• mix/ put (put put) together
• moisten (moisture)
• operate (operation)
• pack (package unpack)
• place/ put (put put)
• prepare (preparation)/ set (set set) up
• prevent (prevention)
• push/ press/ squeeze
• receive (reception)
• remove (removal)/ strip
• replace (replacement)
• reveal/ show
• rise (rose risen)
• roll/ rotate (rotation)/ screw/ turn/ twist
• separate (separation)
• take (took taken) (apart/ away/ off/ out)
• use (reuse)/ utilise (utilisation)
• wind (wound/ wound)

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What this handout is about

This handout will explain what flow is, discuss how it works, and offer strategies to improve the flow of your writing.

What is flow?

Writing that “flows” is easy to read smoothly from beginning to end. Readers don’t have to stop, double back, reread, or work hard to find connections between ideas. Writers have structured the text so that it’s clear and easy to follow. But how do you make your writing flow? Pay attention to coherence and cohesion.

Coherence—global flow

Coherence, or global flow, means that ideas are sequenced logically at the higher levels: paragraphs, sections, and chapters. Readers can move easily from one major idea to the next without confusing jumps in the writer’s train of thought. There’s no single way to organize ideas, but there are common organizational patterns, including (but not limited to):

• Chronological (e.g., a history or a step-by-step process)
• Grouping similar ideas (e.g., advantages / disadvantages; causes / effects)
• Moving from large to small (e.g., national to local) or vice versa (local to national)
• Assertion, evidence, reasoning (e.g., an argument essay)
• Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion (e.g., lab reports)

More than a single organizational strategy can be present in a single draft, with one pattern for the draft as a whole and another pattern within sections or paragraphs of that draft. Take a look at some examples:

Assignment: Describe how domestic and international travel has changed over the last two centuries.

Primary pattern: chronological Additional pattern: grouping

Travel in the 19th century: Domestic travel. International travel. Travel in the 20th century: Domestic travel. International travel.

Assignment: “Analyze the contribution of support services to student success.”

Primary pattern: Assertion, evidence Additional patterns: various

(Assertion) Students who actively use support services have a better college experience (Chronological) Story of first-year student’s difficult experience in college (Grouping) Social and psychological reasons students may avoid using resources (Evidence) Research on academic resources and academic performance (Evidence) Research on self-care resources and student well-being (Chronological) Story of student’s much-improved second-year experience in college

Even though there are various patterns, there’s also a certain logic and consistency. If your readers can follow your organization and understand how you’re connecting your ideas, they will likely feel as though the essay “flows.”

You can also preview your organization through signposting. This strategy involves giving your readers a roadmap before they delve into the body of your paper, and it’s typically found near the beginning of a shorter essay or at the end of the first section of a longer work, such as a thesis. It may look something like this:

“This paper examines the value of using resources in university settings. The first section describes the experience of a first-year student at a top-tier university who did not use resources. The following section describes possible reasons for not using them. It then describes the types of resources available and surveys the research on the benefits of using these resources. The essay concludes with an analysis of how the student’s experience changed after taking advantage of the available support.”

Analyzing coherence

Try these two strategies to analyze the flow of your draft at the global level.

Reverse outlining

A reverse outline allows you to see how you have organized your topics based on what you actually wrote, rather than what you planned to write. After making the reverse outline, you can analyze the order of your ideas. To learn more about reverse outlining, you can watch our demo of this strategy , or read our Reorganizing Drafts handout for a more in-depth explanation. Some questions to consider:

• How am I ordering ideas? Can I describe the pattern?
• Why are the ideas presented in this order? Would they make more sense if I reorder them?
• What effect does the order of ideas have on my readers?
• How would reordering the information affect my paper?

Color coding

You can use color coding to group similar ideas or ideas that are connected in various ways. After sorting your ideas into differently colored groups, figure out how these ideas relate to one another, both within color groups and between color groups. For example, how do blue ideas relate to one another? How does this blue idea connect to this yellow idea? We have a short color coding demo that illustrates using the strategy before you draft. The reverse outlining demo above illustrates this strategy applied to an existing draft.

Cohesion—local flow

Cohesion, or local flow, means that the ideas are connected clearly at the sentence level. With clear connections between sentences, readers can move smoothly from one sentence to the next without stopping, doubling back, or trying to make sense of the text. Fortunately, writers can enhance cohesion with the following sentence-level strategies.

Known-to-new sequencing

Readers can process familiar (“known”) information more quickly than unfamiliar (“new”) information. When familiar information appears at the beginning of sentences, readers can concentrate their attention on new information in later parts of the sentence. In other words, sequencing information from “known to new” can help enhance the flow.

The paragraphs below illustrate this sequencing. They both contain the same information, but notice where the known and new information is located in each version.

1. The compact fluorescent bulb has become the standard bulb for household lamps. Until recently, most people used incandescent bulbs in their lamps. Heating a tungsten filament until it glows, throwing off light, is how this type of bulb operates. Unfortunately, approximately 90% of the energy used to produce the light is wasted by heating the filament.

2. The compact fluorescent bulb has become the standard bulb for household lamps. Until recently, most lamps used incandescent bulbs. This type of bulb operates by heating a tungsten filament until it glows, throwing off light. Unfortunately, heating the filament wastes approximately 90% of the energy used to produce the light.

The second version flows better because it follows the known-to-new strategy. In the second paragraph, notice how “household lamps” appears in the “new” position (the end of the sentence), and in the next sentence, “most lamps” appears in the “known” position (or beginning of the sentence). Similarly, “incandescent bulbs” appears for the first time in the “new” position, and then “this type of bulb” appears in the “known” position of the next sentence, and so on.

In this example, the new information in one sentence appeared in the known position of the very next sentence, but that isn’t always the case. Once the new information has been introduced in the later part of a sentence, it becomes known and can occupy the beginning part of any subsequent sentence.

Transitional expressions

Transitions indicate the logical relationships between ideas—relationships like similarity, contrast, addition, cause and effect, or exemplification. For an in-depth look at how to use transitions effectively, take a look at our transitions handout . For an explanation of the subtle differences between transitional expressions, see our transitions (ESL) handout .

Clear pronoun reference

Flow can be interrupted when pronoun reference is unclear. Pronouns are words like he, she, it, they, which, and this. We use these words to substitute for nouns that have been mentioned earlier. We call these nouns “antecedents.” For example,

Clear reference: Active listening strategies help you learn. They focus your attention on important lecture content.

It’s clear that “strategies” is the antecedent for “they” because it’s the only noun that comes before the pronoun. When there’s more than one possible antecedent, the choice may be less clear, and the cohesion won’t be as strong. Take a look at the example below.

Unclear reference: I went by the bookstore earlier and bought some textbooks and notebooks for my classes, but I’m going to have to return them because I bought the wrong ones.

Here, “them” could refer to two antecedents: the textbooks or the notebooks. It’s unclear which of these purchases needs to be returned, so your reader may have to pause to try to figure it out, thus interrupting the flow of the reading experience. Generally, this problem can be fixed by either adding another noun, or rephrasing the sentence. Let’s try both strategies by adding a noun and breaking the sentence in two.

Clear reference: I went by the bookstore earlier and bought some textbooks and notebooks for my classes. I’m going to have to return the textbooks because I bought the wrong ones.

Now, it is clear what needs to be returned.

A common cause of confusion in a text is the use of “which.” Look at this example:

Unclear reference: I’ve begun spending more time in the library and have been getting more sleep , which has resulted in an improvement in my test scores.

Does “which” here refer to spending more time in the library, getting more sleep, or both? Again, let’s solve this by splitting it into two sentences and changing our wording:

Clear reference: I’ve begun spending more of my free time in the library and have been getting more sleep. These habits have resulted in an improvement in my test scores.

Here’s another example of “which” being used in a sentence. In this sentence, “which” only has one antecedent, the roommate’s habit of staying up late, so it is clear why the writer is having difficulties sleeping.

Clear reference: My new roommate tends to stay up late, which has made it hard for me to get enough sleep.

This/these + summary noun

Another way to clarify the reference of pronouns like “this” or “these” is to add a summary noun. Look at this example:

The school board put forth a motion to remove the school vending machines and a motion to move detention to the weekend instead of after school. This created backlash from students and parents.

In the sentence above, “this” is vague, and could be referring to a number of things. It could refer to:

• The removal of vending machines
• The moving of detention
• Both motions

We can make this sentence more clear by adding something called a “summary noun,” like so:

The school board put forth a motion to remove the school vending machines, and a motion to move detention to the weekend instead of after school. These motions created backlash from students and parents.

By adding “motions,” the sentence can now only refer to both motions, rather than either individually.

Parallel structure

Parallel structure means using the same grammatical structure for things that come in sets. The similarity creates a rhythm that helps the writing flow.

Not parallel: walking, talked, and chewing gum

Parallel: walking, talking, and chewing gum

Not parallel: teenagers…people in their thirties…octogenarians

Parallel: people in their teens…people in their thirties…people in their eighties

Not parallel: To perform at your peak, you will need to get enough sleep each night, read the material and prepare questions before class every day, and be eating nutritious, well-balanced meals.

Parallel: To perform at your peak, you will need to get enough sleep each night, read the material and prepare questions before class every day, and eat nutritious, well-balanced meals.

Getting to the verb

Academic writers often disguise actions as things, making those things the subject of the sentence.

This change is called “nominalization” (“changing a verb to a noun”). It can be a useful strategy, but it can lead to excessively long subjects, pushing the verb far away from the beginning of the sentence. When there are too many words before the verb, the connection between the verb and the subject may not be clear. Readers may have to look backward in the sentence to find the subject, interrupting the flow of their reading.

Look at this example:

Student government’s recent decision to increase the rental fee on spaces that student groups reserve in the Union for regular meetings or special events, especially during high demand periods of the semester like homecoming week or the Week of Welcome but not during low-demand periods like midterm or finals week, elicited a response from several groups that were concerned about the potential impact of the change on their budgets.

“Student government’s decision…elicited a response.” There are 50 words before the verb “elicited” in this sentence! Compare this revision:

Student government recently decided to increase the rental fee on spaces that student groups reserve in the Union for regular meetings or special events, especially during high demand periods of the semester like homecoming week or the Week of Welcome but not during low-demand periods like midterm or finals week. This decision elicited a response from several groups that were concerned about the potential impact of the change on their budgets.

By changing the thing “decision” into the action “decided,” we’ve created a sentence with just two words before the verb, so it’s very clear who did what. We’ve also split the longer sentence into two, keeping the verb “elicited” and adding “this decision.”

Look for nouns that have underlying actions and try turning them into verbs near the beginning of your sentence: decision–>decide; emergence–>emerge; notification–>notify; description–>describe; etc.

Works consulted

We consulted these works while writing this handout. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on the handout’s topic, and we encourage you to do your own research to find additional publications. Please do not use this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style you are using. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial . We revise these tips periodically and welcome feedback.

Ruszkiewicz, John J., Christy Friend, Daniel Seward, and Maxine Hairston. 2010. The Scott, Foresman Handbook for Writers , 9th ed. Boston: Pearson Education.

Towson University. n.d. “Pronoun Reference.” Online Writing Support. https://webapps.towson.edu/ows/proref.htm .

Williams, Joseph, and Joseph Bizup. 2017. Style: Lessons in Clarity and Grace , 12th ed. Boston: Pearson.

You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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How to Write A Task 1 Process Diagram Band 9 Report

Process diagrams are common questions in IELTS Writing Task 1. They show a picture or drawing of how a final product is made or a machine works. Many students find this question intimidating, not because it's difficult, but because they're not sure how to approach it. But don't worry, we'll show you how to answer this question with confidence, step by step.

Instead of discussing the whole picture, focus on the big picture and identify the major stages. This will help you to avoid confusion and stay on track.

On this page, we'll guide you through the 7 major steps for answering the IELTS Task 1 Process Diagram question:

Analyse the question

Identify the major features

Remember the 4-paragraph structure

Paraphrase the question sentence

Write an Overview paragraph

Write Body paragraph 1

Write Body paragraph 2

For all questions in the IELTS Academic Writing Task 1, using the 7-step strategy can give you an advantage in writing.

However, if you want to ensure you get the band score you need, consider using our  Writing Feedback Service . A former IELTS examiner will provide you with detailed feedback and step-by-step guidance towards achieving your target band score.

In addition, we offer high-band guaranteed  eBooks   filled with top-quality content written by a team of former IELTS examiners. These  eBooks  provide powerful tips and strategies to help you achieve a high band score by revealing band 9 secrets. Our team of examiners has conducted extensive research to provide in-depth discussions in the  eBooks  covering all aspects of every possible IELTS essay type.

Source: Cambridge English IELTS Past Papers

1. How to Analyse A Process Diagram Question

We need to find three major areas in the question sentence: 

Topic Words / Keywords (General area of the question topic)

Micro Keywords (It helps us prepare a specific answer, rather than being general)

Action Words ( The words that tell you what you need to do )

Topic Words:  u niversity enrolment  procedure

Micro Keywords:  high school graduates

Action Words:  Write a report to a lecturer  describing the information

After completing the question analysis part, we need to find the major features in the diagrams.

2. How to Identify the Key Features in A Task 1 Process Diagram

Finding the major features in an IELTS task 1 process diagram question is crucial to understanding the overall process and writing an effective response. Here are some steps to guide you:

Start Broad: Initially, take a step back and observe the diagram as a whole to get a clear idea of the process. Identify what it's about, the beginning and end points, and the overall purpose or output.

Identify the Main Stages: Next, look for the main stages of the process. These are significant points that divide the process into key sections or phases. You can often identify these stages by changes in the process direction, the involvement of different elements, or the initiation of new actions.

Spot Significant Steps: Within these main stages, note the individual steps that are essential for moving from one stage to the next. Key actions, transformations, or interactions between elements usually mark these steps.

Look for Sequences or Patterns: If there are repeating steps or patterns in the process, make a note of these, as they're important features. They can also help simplify the process when you describe it in your report.

Spot the Actors: Identify the main 'actors' or elements involved in the process. These might be people, machines, natural elements, or even intangible factors like time or temperature.

Consider Quantities and Proportions: If the diagram provides data in terms of quantities, percentages, or proportions, these figures can represent major features and should be included in your report.

Remember, the goal is not to describe every minor detail but to provide a clear, concise, and coherent description of the process. Being able to find and focus on the major features in the diagram is a crucial skill for achieving a high band score on your IELTS writing task 1.

Let's apply this above mentioned techniques to find the key features in our sample question:

Three major possibilities:

Provisional Acceptance (additional documents required)

If rejected:

Either cancel the application or continue it for an alternative course.

3. Task-1 Process Diagram Report Writing Structure

We can complete the essay using only 10 sentences! Yes, it is that much simple! Take a look how we place the 10 sentences in our 4 paragraph essay structure. The  eBook   gives you an in-depth discussion on how to write each paragraph perfectly.

1. Paraphrasing the Question Sentence

Paraphrase the question statement using just one or two sentences. 

2. Overview Paragraph

Sentence 1: summary statement 1(preview of the essay without presenting data)

Sentence 2: summary statement 2 (more preview without presenting data)

3. Body Paragraph 1

Sentence 1: first major point

Sentence 2: second major point

Sentence 3: extension sentence 1 (compare/combine the major points stated above)

Sentence 4: extension sentence 2 (extension of the previous sentence, or adding an exceptional feature).

4. Body Paragraph 2

Sentence 1: exceptional feature 

Sentence 2: extension of the exceptional feature

Sentence 3: final sentence (wrapping-up the whole essay, completely based on the discussion above, nothing new)

Let's develop the answer step by step applying the above-stated 4 paragraph essay structure.

Before we delve into writing the process diagram report, let's introduce you to an effective tool.

You know achieving success in IELTS Writing requires more than just answering the question. You need a strong grasp of structure, vocabulary, organization, and grammar to effectively convey your ideas. That's where our IELTS Essay Correction Service comes in - an incredible platform for students seeking to improve their IELTS writing skills and achieve a high score on the exam.

With expert feedback from a former IELTS examiner and 24/7 support, our tailored approach will prepare you to confidently achieve a band score of 7 or higher on the IELTS exam. Therefore, without further delay, check the  IELTS Essay Correction Service and take the guaranteed leap towards success.

4. Paraphrasing the Question Sentence

The first paragraph of our IELTS Task 1 essay is focused on paraphrasing the question statement. This means you'll restate the question sentence in your own words without changing its meaning. To write this paragraph effectively, you'll need to have a good grasp of paraphrasing techniques. 

The purpose of this paragraph is to demonstrate to the examiner how well you've understood the question. It's important to nail this paragraph to make a good first impression. You can check the  eBook  where former IELTS examiners have shared powerful tips and strategies how to paraphrase most effectively.

Let's look at the actual question statement that we are using on this page:

"The diagram shows the procedure for university entry for high school graduates.

Write a report for a university or college lecturer describing the information."

We can paraphrase the statement above as:

"The diagram depicts a sequential process outlining the various steps a high school graduate can take to enrol in a university."

Congratulations, you have completed the first paragraph with just 20 words out of the allotted 150. Now, let's proceed to the next section of the essay, which is the Overview Paragraph.

5. Task-1 Process Diagram Overview Paragraph

The second paragraph of our IELTS Writing Task 1 essay is called the Overview, and it's the most important paragraph of the essay. Without an Overview, you can't score higher than band 5 in the IELTS Writing section. Therefore, it's essential to pay special attention to this paragraph. Considering the significance of this paragraph, the  eBook has dedicated an entire chapter providing effective tips and strategies how to write a perfect overview paragraph.

Remember, the overview is a brief summary of the primary features that you'll discuss in the body paragraphs, so don't include any data in this paragraph, just state the apparent features that you see in the diagrams. The p urpose of this paragraph is to provide the readers with a general idea about your essay.

Overview Paragraph Struc tur e

Remember our Overview paragraph structure:

Sentence 1: summary statement 1(pre v iew of the es say without presenting data)

Let's form the paragraph:

Sentence 1(Summary Statement 1)

"Overall, any high school graduate can apply for university admission, but the administration will determine whether to accept the applicant outright, accept provisionally, or reject the application."

Sentence 2(Summary Statement 2)

"However, if the application is rejected or provisionally accepted, applicants have options to continue the enrolment process."

Complete Overview Paragraph

"Overall, any high school graduate can apply for university admission, but the administration will determine whether to accept the applicant outright, accept provisionally, or reject the application. However, if the application is rejected or provisionally accepted, applicants have options to continue the enrolment process."

Easily done! In the first paragraph, we used 20 words to paraphrase the question sentence. In the second paragraph, we added 44 more words to write the Overview. With this, we've completed two out of the four paragraphs that we recommend for writing the IELTS Task 1 essay. That means we're halfway there! It's time to move on to Body Paragraphs 1 and 2.

6. Body Paragraph 1

In the overview paragraph, we have given just a general statement of significant features, we haven't discussed any detail. Now it's time to explain them in the two body paragraphs.

Body Paragraph 1 Structure

Remember our Body Paragraph 1 structure:

Sentence 3: extension sentence 1 (compa re/combine the major points stated above)

Let's form the paragraph following the above-stated structure:

Sentence 1(First Major Point)

"The possession of a high school diploma is a prerequisite for applying for admission to a university, yet it may not be enough."

Sentence 2(Second Major Point)

"Additional documentation may be necessary for final enrolment."

Sentence 3(Extension Sentence 1)

"Successful applicants may be able to enrol directly if they meet the admission requirements."

Sentence 4(Extension Sentence 2)

"However, further documentation may be required for enrolment if additional requirements are not met."

Complete Body Paragraph 1

"The possession of a high school diploma is a prerequisite for applying for admission to a university, yet it may not be enough. Additional documentation may be necessary for final enrolment. Successful applicants may be able to enrol directly if they meet the admission requirements. However, further documentation may be required for enrolment if additional requirements are not met."

The first body paragraph of our IELTS Task 1 essay is now complete, with an additional 64 words added. We have made significant progress with our essay as we have already covered 75% of the total required words. Our approach is simple, describing the most prominent features depicted in the given images.

The first paragraph contained 20 words, the second contained 44, and the third contained 64, bringing our total to 128 words used out of the required 150. With just one more paragraph remaining, we need to write a minimum of 22 more words to complete the essay. We are making great progress, and it's time to proceed to the final paragraph, the Body Paragraph 2.

7. Body Paragraph 2

The last paragraph of our IELTS Task 1 essay is called Body Paragraph 2. It's the simplest one, as we just need to mention some additional features in the first sentence, make a comparison statement in the second sentence, and wrap up the essay with a summary in the final sentence. So, let's follow this structure for the second body paragraph.

Body Paragraph 2 Structure

Sentence 1(Exceptional Feature)

"Applicants may face the possibility of rejection during the application process."

Sentence 2(Extension of the Exceptional Feature) 

"In the event of rejection, they may choose to apply for alternative courses or face the cancellation of their application."

Sentence 3(Final Sentence)

"Therefore, meeting the primary requirement of a high school graduation is necessary for a university admission, yet acceptance, provisional acceptance, or rejection with alternative course options are all possible outcomes."

Complete Body Paragraph 2

"Applicants may face the possibility of rejection during the application process. In the event of rejection, they may choose to apply for alternative courses or face the cancellation of their application. Therefore, meeting the primary requirement of a high school graduation is necessary for a university admission, yet acceptance, provisional acceptance, or rejection with alternative course options are all possible outcomes."

We've added 60 more words to the previous 128, and just finished the final part of our 4 paragraph essay. That means we have completed an IELTS Task 1 essay with 188  words, which is absolutely okay. In fact, you might always need to write somewhere between 170 and 220 words for giving a good description.

In conclusion, we can say that creating a stellar Task 1 Process Diagram Band 9 report may initially seem daunting, but with the correct understanding and adequate practice, you can master it. The right mix of summarizing and detailing, adopting a logical sequence, and incorporating varied language are all key facets of a top-notch report. If you've been pondering "how to write a process diagram IELTS task 1" or "IELTS academic writing task 1 process diagram example", this comprehensive guide should put all your worries to rest. Remember, it's not only about comprehending the process diagram but also about portraying it effectively and accurately in your writing.

Whether you're at the early stage of asking "what is a process diagram in IELTS writing task 1" or you're seeking advanced tips to elevate your Band 7 report to a Band 9, the techniques shared in this post should prove invaluable. With consistent practice, employing the steps detailed here, you'll be well on your way to mastering your Band 9 report writing skills.

The IELTS writing task 1 process diagram band 9 report doesn't have to be an insurmountable hurdle; in fact, with the right approach, it can become a stepping stone towards your academic success. So, put these insights into practice, fine-tune your skills, and step closer to your IELTS success story.

Don't forget to check the following resources:

Download IELTS High Scoring eBooks

Get Detailed IELTS Essay Feedback from An Examiner

Check the detailed discussion on all the question types

Pie Chart                  Bar Chart

Line Graph                Map

Table Chart               Process Diagram

Multiple Graphs

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How to Write Flow Chart IELTS Writing Task 1? Things to Know about Task 1 Flow Chart

It’s a well-known fact that you cannot clear any examination without studying and when it comes to the IELTS test, it seems highly impossible.

As Prabakaran Thirumalai said,  “Work and you’ll get what you need; work harder and you’ll get what you want.”

Thus, from this quote, it is extremely clear that if you want to achieve something in life, all you need to do is work a lot harder than you did before but if you haven’t started on the journey yet, what are you even waiting for?

The IELTS exam requires an individual to work a lot harder in order to achieve what they have always wanted to achieve in life. Today, through this piece of information we’ll be talking about the IELTS Flow Chart task and how to answer it.

But before that, let’s get to know what a flow chart is.

Also Read: Previous Year IELTS Speaking Part 2 Questions: Cue Card Advertisement Topic with Answer

The flow chart is a diagrammatic representation that explains the workflow of a process. a conventional flow chart represents an algorithm whereas an IELTS Academic flow chart might be about a process too.

Also Read: IELTS Score Validity for Canada: Understanding the IELTS Validity Period and FAQs

How to Describe a Flow Chart in the IELTS Test?

In order to describe a flow chart, the observer must follow up through the process and understand the stages that are there in it that he/she needs to follow. These are:

#1. Analyze the flow chart

#2. Follow-through

#3. Understand the stages and the key concepts

#4. Interpret the task

Also Read: How to Answer Flow Chart Questions in IELTS Reading Test? Guide to Bost IELTS Score

How to Write the Flow Chart IELTS Writing Task 1?

An IELTS academic writing task 1 may ask you to summarise and report on a flow diagram describing a process.

Flow Charts are not as common as pie charts or line graphs in the IELTS examination but that doesn’t mean one would not prepare himself/herself for this part of the test in a manner that they used to do for the others.

So, today let’s look at some of the easy steps that one could follow in order to get as high a score as they want in the IELTS examination.

Also Read : How to Use an IELTS Calculator? Calculate Your Overall IELTS Exam Score

Steps to Follow for the Flow Chart IELTS Task 1

#1.look before you plan.

This is the first step in order to practice for the IELTS examination flow chart writing task 1 and we are absolutely sure that all of you must have looked for the diagram and imagined what might be done at this point in time.

So, when you’ve just started preparing for this examination, always ask yourself some questions which will help you to practice in a manner that will be much better than before. These are:

#a. How many steps are there?

#b. Are there points in the process when there are two things occurring simultaneously or where there are alternatives?

#c. Are there any cause-effect relationships in the diagram?

#2.Plan Before You Write

When you have planned about what to write and how to organize what you’re writing, always think about what the examiner might be looking at through your answer. In order to score a band score of 7 or even higher than that, one must simply do what you’re told and include all the points in your summary.

So, the structure of your report could look like this:

Also Read: IELTS Writing Task 2 Topics with Answers: Here’re the Previous Year Question Paper at Your Rescue

Steps Involved in the Report that You’re Preparing

#a.introduction.

There should be two sentences to it where the first one is always there to state what the process is and the second sentence should be there to point out some of the comments on the process and also to point out the relevance and complexity of it.

#b.Main Body

This involves a sequential description of the process itself.

#c.Short Conclusion

You can include the “overview” here instead of adding some kind of concluding remark.

IELTS Flow Chart Report Structure

There are a few things that one needs to add in the Flow chart report structure and these are:

#1. Introduction

#2. Overview

#3. Body Paragraphs

#4. Conclusion

Also Read: Does the IELTS Essay Question Repeat? Here’s all about the IELTS Writing Task 2

Techniques & Tips to Answer the IELTS Flow Chart

#1.understand the question.

Questions that often come in the competitive tests are supposed to be tricky. And there is a great possibility that you might have missed that or it might mislead you. So, in order to understand the questions, all one needs to do is to study them properly to know much about them.

#2.Introduction & Overview

In order to present a perfect answer to any of the IELTS flow chart question, one should always start their sentence by paraphrasing the question so that it becomes a great and clear introduction for your answer.

#3.Organise the Information

One cannot simply transcribe the diagrammatic information into words because for that it is highly important to organise the data that is presented to you in a manner that is understandable to the reader as well as to the writer.

#4.Linking Words Ensure Continuity & Logic

Your proficiency in extracting the information from a diagram and presenting it in words can be seen only when it is logically proved.

To be effective with logic, you must link all the stages in the chart.

Also Read: IELTS Reading Practice Questions- Finding Information in the Passage | Understanding the Black Hole

Hopefully, with the help of the above information, you must have understood how important it is to carefully study for this flow chart task of the IELTS examination and successfully prepare an answer that covers all the possible information to it. So, what are you waiting for? Just start studying more about the more possible answers to it.

Also, for more such information, don’t forget to read our other blogs and if you have any doubts in mind, just feel free to comment down below and let us know all about it so that we can help you with that in the future because we’ll be more than happy to help you out through it.

Also Read: How to Answer Flow Chart Questions in IELTS? Guide to Boost IELTS Score

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Thank you for providing this blog which was very helpful and valuable for writing task 1, can you also provide some vocabluary boosting tips?

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Sakshi Bachani is a freelance Content Writer and Teacher. She has completed her Bachelor's degree from Delhi University.. She has been a freelance teacher for the past five years and has worked towards helping young kids achieve their dreams. She had also worked as an Intern teacher with an NGO. Apart from writing and teaching, she really enjoys music, animals, and plants. She even has her own little garden which she loves very dearly and can be sometimes seen buying more plants for herself.

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IELTS Academic Writing Task 1: Process Diagram with Model Answer

IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 questions can feature anything from diagrams to tables and graphs. To get you familiarized with these question types, let’s take a look at a process diagram practice question from IELTS Academic Writing Task 1, with a model band 9 essay .

To see why this essay is band 9, see our Band 9 essay with scorer commentary , and check out the official IELTS rubric for Task 1 (PDF) .

This particular prompt is a process diagram. Your approach to this diagram should be the same as your approach to any other Task 1 infographic Take a look at the information and think carefully. What is the best way to summarize the way the information is structured and the main points? From there, how can you best compare the most relevant pieces of information? Finally, how should you structure that summary and comparison? For more advice on how to approach this, see our article on IELTS Academic Task 1 paragraph structure , as well as our main page for IELTS sample questions and practice resources .

Try to do this prompt yourself. Then check out our band 9 model essay below the prompt and compare it to your own work to see how you did.

Model IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Prompt: Process Diagram

The diagram below gives information about the recycling of glass and plastic containers.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

Model Essay

This flowchart shows the differences and similarities in the life cycles of glass and plastic containers, from creation and use to recycling and re-creation.

This diagram reveals both similarities and differences in the way that plastic and glass goods are made, recycled, and then made anew. The processes have more differences than similarities, but there are some more significant differences in the earlier stages of the recycling process.

The initial collection and transport of both goods are the same. However, after that, glass is sorted by color and may then be immediately crushed, while plastic is sorted by quality and must be bundled before it can be shredded.

Once the glass is crushed and the plastic is shredded, the processes become more similar again. At this point, both the glass and plastic pieces are washed, and then melted and reshaped into new products. These final steps are nearly identical, although the melting and reshaping of the glass must be done by two separate machines rather than one.

More Practice IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Sample Questions with Model Essays

• IELTS Academic Writing Task 1: Map With Model Answer
• IELTS Academic Writing Task 1: Bar Chart With Model Answer
• IELTS Academic Writing Task 1: Line Graph with Model Answer
• IELTS Academic Writing Task 1: Pie Chart with Model Answer
• IELTS Academic Writing Task 1: Comparing two Graphics with Model Answer

And after that, you can hungrily seek out knowledge on the entire IELTS Writing section, starting with Magoosh’s handy complete IELTS Writing guide .

David is a Test Prep Expert for Magoosh TOEFL and IELTS. Additionally, he’s helped students with TOEIC, PET, FCE, BULATS, Eiken, SAT, ACT, GRE, and GMAT. David has a BS from the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and an MA from the University of Wisconsin-River Falls. His work at Magoosh has been cited in many scholarly articles , his Master’s Thesis is featured on the Reading with Pictures website, and he’s presented at the WITESOL (link to PDF) and NAFSA conferences. David has taught K-12 ESL in South Korea as well as undergraduate English and MBA-level business English at American universities. He has also trained English teachers in America, Italy, and Peru. Come join David and the Magoosh team on Youtube , Facebook , and Instagram , or connect with him via LinkedIn !

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One response to “IELTS Academic Writing Task 1: Process Diagram with Model Answer”

The flow chart illustrates the life cycle and process of recycling glass and plastic bottles. Overall, the steps involved for both products are the same, with minute changes.

Firstly, the new product usage and collection of plastic and glass bottles take 3–8 weeks. Then, transporting them to recycling centres takes about 5–10 days. Next, they are sorted in recycling centres. Glass is sorted by colour, while plastic bottles are sorted by thickness and quality. After this, glass is crushed in a crusher, while plastic recycling involves an additional step, i.e., bundling, and then shredding is done. All the pieces are then washed in a washer. Finally, melting and reshaping are done. However, for glass, it is done by two separate machines, while it is done by the same machine for plastic. At the end, the product is ready to be used commercially and recycled again. In this way, making things economical and environmentally friendly.

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How To Write an IELTS Process Diagram Essay

An IELTS process diagram question can contain a wide variety of different types of graphics. It could be a natural process such as the water cycle, a manufacturing process or a diagram of a system.

Using these 5 steps will help you to write a high-scoring process diagram essay:

1)  Analyse the question

2)  Identify the main features

3)  Write an introduction

4)  Write an overview

5)  Write the details paragraphs

In this lesson, we’re going to work through the 5 stages step-by-step as we answer a practice question.

Before we begin, here’s a model essay structure that you can use as a guideline for all IELTS Academic Task 1 questions.

Ideally, your essay should have 4 paragraphs:

Paragraph 1  – Introduction

Paragraph 2  – Overview

Paragraph 3  – 1 st  main feature

Paragraph 4  – 2 nd  main feature

We now have everything we need to begin planning and writing our IELTS process diagram essay.

Here’s our practice question:

The diagrams below show a structure that is used to generate electricity from wave power.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Generating Electricity From The Sea

Source: Official website IELTS Essentials

Step 1 –  Analyse the question

The format of every Academic Task 1 question is the same, with the instruction sentence (highlighted below) identical in every question. Here is our practice question again.

Every question consists of:

• Sentence 1 – A brief description of the graphic
• Sentence 2 – The instructions
• The graphic – diagram, chart, graph, table, etc.

Sentence 2 tells you what you have to do.

You must do 3 things:

1.     Select the main features.

2.     Write about the main features.

3.     Compare the main features.

All three tasks refer to the ‘ main features ’ of the graphic. You  do not  have to write about everything. Just pick out 2 or 3 key features and you’ll have plenty to write about.

Step 2 – Identify the Main Features

The graphic in IELTS process diagram questions should not be difficult to understand. There are not usually any numbers to analyse as in other types of question, just a diagram to interpret or, as in our practice question, two diagrams which each show part of the process.

All you are looking for are the main features. These should be the easiest things to spot. There will be lots of information in the graphic to help you identify them, especially, titles, labels and captions.

Here are some useful questions to ask?

1) Is it a linear or a cyclical process?

A linear process starts and finishes at different places. It will often involve the manufacture or creation of something, starting with the raw materials going in at one end and the finished product coming out the other end. An example of this can be seen in this diagram from a past IELTS process diagram question about the manufacture of bricks.

Linear process

A cyclical process, on the other hand, is a process that goes back to the beginning and repeats over and over again, such as the life cycle of a frog or a butterfly.

Cyclical process

2) Where does the process start and end?

For a linear process this will usually be obvious. It may be harder to determine for a cyclical process so it’s important that you examine the graphic carefully to find out.

3) How many steps are there to the process?

If there are a lot, it can be helpful to number them from 1 to whatever number the final stage is.

4) Can the process be easily broken down into stages?

In the brick-making graphic, for example, there are three stages:

a) Creating the bricks from clay

b) Manufacturing the finished product by drying and firing

c) Packaging and delivery

In the life cycle graphic above, there are also three distinct stages as the frog passes through different stages of development – egg, juvenile, adult.

5) What are the raw materials? What is produced at the end of the process?

These questions obviously apply only to manufacturing processes.

For other types of process, it might be more appropriate to ask the following question.

6) What is the end result of the process?

This question is relevant for our practice IELTS process diagram question which shows a process that creates something using a particular structure. The end result is the production of electricity.

So, what main features stand out in our practice graphic? Here it is again.

This graphic doesn’t contain very much detail. There are only two stages to the process:

Stage 1:  Electricity is generated as the wave flows into the structure (Diagram A).

Stage 2:  Electricity is also created as the receding wave draws air back down the column (Diagram B).

Other diagrams are more complex and you have to go through them stage by stage to work out what’s happening and then pick out just 2 or 3 main feature to write about.

The key features you select will be the starting point for your essay. You will then go on to add more detail later. However, with just 20 minutes allowed for Task 1, and a requirement of only 150 words, you won't be able to include many details.

We’re now ready to begin writing our essay. Here’s a reminder of the 4 part structure we’re going to use.

Step 3 – Write an Introduction 

In the introduction, you should simply paraphrase the question, that is, say the same thing in a different way. You can do this by using synonyms and changing the sentence structure. For example:

Introduction (Paragraph 1): 

The two diagrams illustrate a method of creating electricity from the force of waves using a specifically designed man-made construction.

This is all you need to do for the introduction.

Step 4 – Write an Overview (Paragraph 2)

In the second paragraph, you should give a general description of the diagram/s or process. The detail comes later in the essay.

State the information simply using synonyms where possible. No elaborate vocabulary or grammar structures are required, just the appropriate words and correct verb tenses.

For example:

Overview  (Paragraph 2): 

The structure, consisting of a wave chamber and a tall column containing a turbine, is erected on a steeply sloping coastal cliff or sea wall where it is subject to the movement of the ocean waves.

Step 5  – Write the 1st Detail Paragraph

Paragraphs 3 and 4 of your IELTS process diagram essay are where you include more detailed information. In paragraph 3, you should explain the first key feature in more detail.

For this question, we will expand on the first stage of the process. Here it is again:

Stage 1: Electricity is generated as the wave flows into the structure (Diagram A).

And this is an example of what you could write:

Paragraph 3 :

The first diagram shows how the incoming wave fills a large chamber and forces the air inside this space up the column and through the turbine. The pressure of the air rotates the turbine which generates a current of electricity. The process does not end there for the structure is able to continue producing power as the sea recedes as can be seen in the second diagram.

Step 6  – Write the 2nd Detail Paragraph

For the fourth and final paragraph, you do the same thing for your remaining key features or, for this question, the second stage of the process.

Here it is again:

Stage 2: Electricity is also created as the receding wave draws air back down the column (Diagram B).

Here’s an example of what you could write:

Paragraph 4 :

As the water now flows away from the structure, it draws air back down the column and downwards through the turbine in the same direction as the previous upward flow of air. The turbine continues to turn thus generating even more electricity. 

Here are the four paragraphs brought together to create our finished essay.

Finished IELTS Process Diagram Essay

This sample IELTS process diagram essay is just over the minimum word limit so you can see that you don’t have space to include very much detail at all. That’s why it is essential to select just a couple of main features to write about.

Now use what you’ve learnt in this lesson to practice answering other IELTS process diagram questions. Start slowly at first and keep practicing until you can plan and write a complete essay in around 20 minutes.

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Ielts academic writing task 1 – all lessons.

IELTS Academic Writing  –  A summary of the test including important facts, test format & assessment.

Academic Writing Task 1  – The format, the 7 question types & sample questions, assessment & marking criteria.  All the key information you need to know.

Understanding Task 1 Questions  – How to quickly and easily analyse and understand IELTS Writing Task 2 questions.

How To Plan a Task 1 Essay  –  Discover  3 reasons why you must plan, the 4 simple steps of essay planning and learn a simple 4 part essay structure.

Vocabulary for Task 1 Essays  –  Learn key vocabulary for a high-scoring essay. Word lists & a downloadable PDF.

Grammar for Task 1 Essays   – Essential grammar for Task 1 Academic essays including, verb tenses, key sentence structures, articles & prepositions.

The 7 Question Types:

Click the links below for a step-by-step lesson on each type of Task 1 question.

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IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 - Process diagram questions

This section presents a list of common IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 - Flow Chart questions. If you want to prepare for the IELTS Writing Test, these questions are a must study.

The diagram shows the process by which milk and related products are produced.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features.

Write at least 150 words.

The diagram shows the process by which sheep embryos are cloned.

The diagram shows the  the life cycle of flowering plants

The diagram shows the process by which plastic is recycled.

The diagram shows the process of the water treatment.

The diagram shows the process by which electricity is generated in two types of hydroelectric power station.

The diagram shows the the life cycle of a frog.

The diagrams show the life cycle of the silkworm and the stages in the production of silk cloth.

The diagram below shows the water cycle, which is the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth.

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Model IELTS Academic Writing Task 1: Process Diagram 

Dec 20, 2021 | IELTS , IELTS Test , IELTS Writing

IELTS Writing Task 1 is the biggest challenge for most test candidates. The main reason is that there is such a big variety of them.

In this post, we tackle the Process Diagram. The main thing to remember is that an overview for a process diagram should break the process down into stages. 

The essay follows the following format:

1st Body Paragraph : a paraphrase of the question and an overview

2nd Body Paragraph : all the details

The Question

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. 

The flowchart below shows the order processing system for a computer hardware company.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

You should write at least 150 words. 

The flow chart shows how a computer hardware store has structured its ordering process. The process consists of three main stages: accepting the request, ensuring the item is available, and then dispatching it. A question must be answered at each stage before the product can progress through the process.

When the company receives and checks a request, the first test is whether the order is valid. Should this be the case, it will then be confirmed, at which point the company will check whether the item is available to dispatch. Here, one of two scenarios can occur: if the item is available, the customer is notified. If not, the company will produce and store the item, and subsequently notify the customer. At this point a third question arises: whether or not payment for the item has been received. Assuming it has, the item will be given to a courier, then sent directly to the customer. Should there be a problem with the payment, the customer will be notified, before the order progresses to the delivery stage. 

Write your own answer to this question and receive professional graded feedback by  purchasing one of our Writing Correction Packages .

If you would like to learn more, you can purchase a video course about IELTS General Task 1 essays,  by visiting this page .

Or purchase our  Academic Task 1 eBook , which gives you many more model essays with detailed explanations and exercises. 

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IELTS Academic Writing Task 1: flow chart writing; sweater making process; with tips and sample answer

In the IELTS Writing Task 1 exam for the academic version, candidates are sometimes required to write a report on a flow chart. In this post, we are discussing a flow chart which is based on the sweater manufacturing process in a factory. As a flow chart maintains a sequence and the action performer is absent, it needs to be written by maintaining the sequence and in the passive voice. This post will assist you to write any flow chart in an effortless and eye-catching way.

So, let’s have a look at the question title and the picture.

The flow-chart shows how sweaters are manufactured in a garment factory in Bangladesh.

Try to understand every single point and make necessary notes on the picture with a pencil. You are allowed to use a pencil and don’t be afraid to use it on the question paper. If you are not sure, number every stage like 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 .. . .. following the arrowhead and write down the total number of stages on the corner of the question paper.

I’ve prepared a sample answer here for you. Let’s have a look at it.

• Don’t fall short of word count. You have to write at least 150 words, not a single word less.
• Don’t write any conclusion. It’s absolutely useless in Writing Task 1 if you don’t have problem in writing more than 150 words.
• Don’t provide any personal opinion, reasons and effects of an issue etc.
• Don’t provide any solution to a problem.
• Don’t talk around your main topic.

Model answer:

The illustrated flow chart is a clear presentation of sweater production in a clothing factory in Bangladesh. Overall, the process consists of sixteen stages commencing with the collection of yarn and culminating in shipping of the products.

At the beginning of the chart, yarns are collected and then sent to the distribution section. Here, the yarns are wound and distributed into knitting panels. Next, the knitting of the sweater panels is done after which the panels are inspected online for the first time. Afterward, the panels are linked in the linking section. In the following stage, another inspection is made over the internet. Next comes the trimming, light checking and mending process. When mending, if any problem is found, the faulty products are sent back to the winding section. After that, holes are made for attaching buttons. Subsequently, the sweaters are washed, labeled and ironed and then, the third inspection is made by the factory quality team. Thereafter, all the sweaters are folded and packaged. After the ultimate inspection, the sweaters are finally sent for shipment.

(175 words)

Another model answer:

The provided flow diagram illustrates the process by which sweaters are manufactured in a garment factory in Bangladesh.

Overall, the production of sweaters consists of sixteen steps starting with yarn collection and ending with shipment.

To produce sweaters, the raw materials (yarns) are first collected and those yarns have to undergo winding and distribution. After this, the knitting of sweater panels is started and later these panels have to pass through an online inspection. After being inspected, the panels are thereafter linked together and these also have to pass through an online inspection.

Post the second inspection, the linked panels are trimmed after which a light checking and mending are performed. If at this point, any issue is noticed, the product is sent back to be winded and distributed again. Button holes are then made into the trimmed are then made into the trimmed products that are given approval. Prior to an on-site inspection by the factory quality team, the sweaters are washed, labelled and ironed. The inspected sweaters are folded and packaged, and subsequently they go through a final inspection. Finally, the finished products are sent for shipping.

(189 words)

Contributor: Sumayyah Jumoorty , Mauritius

Special tips for writing a great answer to a flow-chart:

• Judge the picture carefully and count the total number of stages in the flow-chart.
• Mark the beginning and the ending section. This will help you to make an overall comment on the picture.
• Carefully look whether any stage is linked with another stage in a backward direction. This means you have to write particularly on this point.
• Don’t forget to use Passive of Simple Present tense.
• Use a number of sequencing linkers like First of all / to begin with / next / then / after that / following this / after which / in the subsequent stage / the next step is .. / subsequently / finally/ the last step is…
• Try to use some difficult vocabulary and complex sentences. Please do not write too many short sentences. If you do so, your answer will be graded poorly.
• You must remember to logically arrange the writing.

Click here to learn more about writing a flow-chart in details.

Here are some other diagrams that you can practice:

Process diagram on olive oil production

Flow-chart on writing a story

Two maps showing changes in an industrial village

Two maps showing changes in a town

Life cycle diagram on tuna fish

Life cycle diagram on silkworm moth

Cycle diagram on water movement

Diagram on water contamination

18 thoughts on “ IELTS Academic Writing Task 1: flow chart writing; sweater making process; with tips and sample answer ”

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Sir, do you also check the writing samples by the other students? Like I tried to write on this sweater production but how will I know whether it is correct or not? Kindly reply

Hello Sana, Yes, I do check the writings but only if I get paid for this. Have a look at my service: http://ieltsdeal.com/ielts-writing-correction-service-get-your-writings-checked-and-improve-further-to-higher-scores/

• Pingback: IELTS AC Writing Task 1: diagram, life cycle of tuna fish, with detailed explanations and best model answer - IELTS Deal

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IELTS Writing Task 2: Agree disagree topic on using forensics to solve old cases; with 3 model answers

This IELTS Writing Task 2 post offers some sample answers to an agree-disagree topic. This agree-disagree topic asks the candidates to provide arguments as to whether new science related to criminal forensics should be used to look at old cases or not. In this post, you will find three great model answers which may help […]

IELTS Writing Task 2: an advantage-disadvantage essay on taking a gap year before starting university education; with plans and model answer

This IELTS Writing Task 2 post offers the insights of writing a great answer to an advantage-disadvantage essay. This task 2 question asks the candidates to provide their personal opinions on taking a gap year before starting university education. In this post, you will find a plan that can help you to write this answer […]

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Flowchart Tutorial (with Symbols, Guide and Examples)

A flowchart is simply a graphical representation of steps. It shows steps in sequential order and is widely used in presenting the flow of algorithms, workflow or processes. Typically, a flowchart shows the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting them with arrows.

What is a Flowchart?

A flowchart is a graphical representations of steps. It was originated from computer science as a tool for representing algorithms and programming logic but had extended to use in all other kinds of processes. Nowadays, flowcharts play an extremely important role in displaying information and assisting reasoning. They help us visualize complex processes, or make explicit the structure of problems and tasks. A flowchart can also be used to define a process or project to be implemented.

Flowchart Symbols

Different flowchart shapes have different conventional meanings. The meanings of some of the more common shapes are as follows:

The terminator symbol represents the starting or ending point of the system.

A box indicates some particular operation.

This represents a printout, such as a document or a report.

A diamond represents a decision or branching point. Lines coming out from the diamond indicates different possible situations, leading to different sub-processes.

It represents information entering or leaving the system. An input might be an order from a customer. Output can be a product to be delivered.

On-Page Reference

This symbol would contain a letter inside. It indicates that the flow continues on a matching symbol containing the same letter somewhere else on the same page.

Off-Page Reference

This symbol would contain a letter inside. It indicates that the flow continues on a matching symbol containing the same letter somewhere else on a different page.

Delay or Bottleneck

Identifies a delay or a bottleneck.

Lines represent the flow of the sequence and direction of a process.

When to Draw Flowchart?

Using a flowchart has a variety of benefits:

• It helps to clarify complex processes.
• It identifies steps that do not add value to the internal or external customer, including delays; needless storage and transportation; unnecessary work, duplication, and added expense; breakdowns in communication.
• It helps team members gain a shared understanding of the process and use this knowledge to collect data, identify problems, focus discussions, and identify resources.
• It serves as a basis for designing new processes.

Flowchart examples

Here are several flowchart examples. See how you can apply a flowchart practically.

Flowchart Example – Medical Service

This is a hospital flowchart example that shows how clinical cases shall be processed. This flowchart uses decision shapes intensively in representing alternative flows.

Flowchart Example – Simple Algorithms

A flowchart can also be used in visualizing algorithms, regardless of its complexity. Here is an example that shows how flowchart can be used in showing a simple summation process.

Flowchart Example – Calculate Profit and Loss

The flowchart example below shows how profit and loss can be calculated.

Creating a Flowchart in Visual Paradigm

Let’s see how to draw a flowchart in Visual Paradigm. We will use a very simple flowchart example here. You may expand the example when finished this tutorial.

• Select Diagram > New from the main menu.

• Enter the name of the flowchart and click OK .

• Enter Add items to Cart as the name of the process.

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FLOW CHART: IELTS TASK 2 WRITING

Apr 14, 2019 / academic / 4:11 pm.

MODEL ANSWER:

Various steps involved in writing IELTS task 2 essays in a systematic way are sequenced in the given flowchart.

It is clear from the chart that there are six crucial steps prior to writing the task 2 essays, which ranges from 9 to 15 minutes. Of these, the primary step is critical reading and understanding of the question, followed by realizing the motive of the question. The careful isolation of the topic or topics from the question, to which the answer is related, is the next step. Thereafter, ideas and examples which are closely related to the topic are generated. The time allotment for these four steps is between 7 to 11 minutes. Ranking and organizing the selected ideas is the subsequent step and the ultimate step before writing the essay is outline framing. The next 15 to 20 minutes is the most significant part of the process: writing the essay legibly in the correct format. The process is incomplete without a mandatory proof reading (3-5 minutes and an optional editing, which should fit to the available time left.

Overall, it is clear that this step by step method of writing essays is an organized and time based one.

Word count: 190

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IELTS Diagram: Model Answer Band Score 9

This IELTS diagram model answer is estimated at band score 9. It is possible to have a diagram in your IELTS writing task 1 academic paper. A diagram is also known as a process. The diagram shown below is from IELTS Cambridge Book 8, Test 3.

IELTS Diagrams come in two types:

Type 1: Diagram about a Cycle

This could be about a nature cycle or a life cycle.

Type 2: Diagram about a process

This could be a process of how to make something or how something works .

They both have the same techniques, the same layout, the same language, the same linking devices – everything is the same.

IELTS Diagram Model Answer

The diagram below shows the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process, and how cement is used to produce concrete for building purposes. Source: IELTS Cambridge English Test Book 8

Diagram Model Answer

The diagrams illustrate the steps and equipment involved in the production of cement and the way in which cement is then used to make concrete.

Overall, limestone and clay pass through four stages before being bagged ready for use as cement. Cement is then combined with three other materials to create concrete. While the process of making cement uses a number of tools, the production of concrete is simpler and requires only a concrete mixer.

In the first stage of making cement, limestone and clay are crushed together to form a powder. This powder is then combined in a mixer before passing into a rotating heater which has constant heat applied at one end of the tube. The resulting mixture is ground in order to produce cement. The final product is afterwards put into bags ready to be used.

Regarding the second diagram, concrete consists of mainly gravel, which is small stones, and this makes up 50% of the ingredients. The other materials used are sand (25%), cement (15%) and water (10%). These are all poured into a concrete mixer which continually rotates to combine the materials and ultimately produces concrete.

Comments: This diagram gives a concise introduction. The overview contains key features of both diagrams and also highlights the connection between them. The body paragraphs are organised well and linking devices are used flexibly and accurately. Each body paragraphs explained the steps of each process in a logical order. Complex sentences are accurate and there is also passive voice used. Collocations are well used.

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Hello Liz, First of all, thank you for providing these useful resources online. As a student preparing for IELTS, this is really helpful for me and appreciate this a lot. I’ve written my own response for this corresponding question and was wondering whether you can give some feedback on it. Thanks so much!

The diagram on the left demonstrates the process of cement production. It can be outlined into 6 consecutive steps, from crushing and mixing organic materials, heating the mixture, and grinding them into the final product, cement. Limestone and clay are the materials used to create cement. They will be put into a crusher, turning them into the form of powder. Next, the powder goes through a mixer, followed by a cylinder-shaped rotating heater. The heat melts the powder, turning them into a mixture. The mixture falls onto a grinder, and the grinder turns them into piles of cement. Lastly, the cement is packaged into bags and ready to be used.

The diagram on the right illustrates the process of concrete production. Four different materials are added in a concrete mixer with a specific ratio, which is 15 percent of cement, 10 percent of water, 25 percent of sand, and 50 percent of gravel, which gravel is actually small stones. The materials are then fully mixed and ultimately forming into concrete.

The aim of my website isn’t to provide feedback for writing, but I do have time right now for a quick urgent comment.

You’ll see from all my model answers for writing task 1 that they have the same structure: introduction, overview and body paragraphs. This is because that is the structure to use and you are being marked on your paragraphing. The introduction should introduce all aspects of either the one or two charts given to you. The overview must contain all key features of all tasks in one paragraph. The the body paragraphs contain the details of stages. On a good note, your language is strong so your score for Grammar and Vocabulary will be good (only minor errors), but that only counts for 50% of your marks in writing task 1.

See this page: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-writing-task-1-lessons-and-tips/ . You’ll find a a link to a page about task 1 structure, model answers, band score information and more tips.

Hello, I am wondering whether the last sentence of your overview paragraph—”while the process of making cement uses a number of tools, the production of concrete is simpler and requires only a concrete mixer”—is considered an opinion (since it contains the word “simpler”). I’ve heard that we cannot state our opinions in IELTS Writing Task 1. If it is not an opinion, could you please help clarify what is considered an opinion?

No, it is information based on the facts. A process that requires more steps or more equipment is more complex. It isn’t because I think it is simple, but because of the steps / equipment. But I’m very glad you are thinking about that. Because it is essential to avoid opinion. Opinion requires evaluation = deciding if something is better, worse, more useful or less useful, for example.

Hi liz I hope you can see my writing The diagram illustrates the steps and the use of equipment in cement making process, and the way cement is used to produce concrete for construction purposes Overall, cement is produced by crushing limestone with clay which passes through the mixer along the rotating heater and grinder creating it, while concrete is made by mixing four ingredients in concrete mixer creating concrete Initially, the limestone is crushed with clay creating a powder that is added in the mixer passing through the rotating heater that gets the heat at the bottom, the mix is passing through the grinder creating the cement which is finally being filled in bags. The 15% of the cement is consumed with 10% of water in making concrete adding 25% of sand and 50% of small stones called gravel taking the vast majority in producing concrete, finally concrete is produced by adding those ingredients together in a concrete mixer .

Giving feedback on writing is not the function of my website, but I will mention a couple of points. You write very well and have the right techniques. However, please be careful with the length of your sentences. Each of your body paragraphs only contains one very long sentence. These sentences should be divided using a full stop. Also review your use of the passive voice. Diagrams do require frequent use of the passive voice. Review both of these points by comparing your writing to my model answer above.

Should not the second last sentence in the second paragraph say grind instead of ground?

The second last sentence in the first body paragraph uses the passive voice: is ground. You create the passive voice using the verb “to be + past participle”. The past participle of grind is ground. Diagrams quite commonly use the passive voice in sentences.

The diagram illustrates the production of cement through various stages involved along with several tools used. Further it demonstrates how this cement is utilized for the generation of concrete which is essential for building purposes.

It is apparent from the diagrams that the production of cement involves undergoing several stages such as mixing , rotation and grinding. This cement is then used for the formation of concrete which undergoes a simple process of mixing various substances such as with water , sand and gravel.

Initially limestone and clay are allowed to pass through crusher and this outcome is transferred to Mixer. The product formed after mixing moves towards the rotating heater accompanied by heat produces the pre-form of cement. This pre-form then allowed to pass through the Grinder to form a final powder type material called cement which is ready to be packed into bags .

Now 15% of cement is mixed with 10% of water along with 25 % and 50% of sand and grovel (composed of small stones) respectively. At next this final mixer passed through the concrete mixer process. After rigorous rotation ,we get concrete as the final product ready to be used as construction material.

The two diagrams delineate how cement is manufactured and used to make concrete for the purpose of construction.

Overall, the procedure of cement making involves five steps, divided into two primary stages of processing raw materials and packaging, while the concrete production comprises only one step of mixing the ingredients together.

Regarding the first diagram, natural products such as limestone and clay are poured into the crushing machine, where they are passed between the two rollers to form a fine powder. Following this, the resultant powder is then placed in a mixing equipment for blending, after which a direct heat source is applied to a rotating heater to raise its temperature. Next, the hot amalgam is broken down into finer particles by a grinder to create cement, whereupon it is then put into bags to be distributed to construction sites.

As required, the cement is spun in a concrete mixer, accounting for 15% of the total mixture, along with 10% of water, 25% of sand and 50% of gravel. The final product of this treatment is concrete to be used for building various structures. (184 words)

Please any one review my task 1: The diagram illustrates the way to produce cement by using these materials, secondly, how to convert cement into concrete and develop concrete for construction purposes from cement. Overall, the cement production starts from Limestone and Clay, after completing the stage then ending up disappearing into the cement bags. Concrete is generated from cement after involving water and contributes stones around about 50 percent The cement-making uses a number of tools and creates concrete using a concrete mixer. There are first linear graph relays on 10 steps and concrete on 5 parts. In the stage of making cement, the Limestones and clay are crushed into form powder. After that mixer has been rounded heater and transferred to the heat view. After completing the heat stage, the grinder grinds the heat and produces actual cement. The cement is packed in bags to be sold in the market. In the second diagram, cement and water have a crucial role in producing concrete. Just 15 percent cement and approximately 10 percent water are used for making concrete. Gravel is almost 50 percent and sand 25 percent of usage through the concrete mixer. The concrete mixer combine all item in one stage and, finally, change cement into concrete format. The small stones used 50 percent as compared to other tools.

The diagrams depict the process of cement production and its further usage to make concrete for construction.

Overall, there are two major stages which can be determined: cement production, which has 4 steps and requires multiple tools and less complicated concrete making.

Initially, limestone and clay are combined together to be crushed by a crasher. Once the crushed powder is ready, it goes through the mixer to the rotating heater, where under the influence of heat, from the opposite end of the tube, the mixture is being rotated. After this step is finished, the mixture is grinded by a grinder in order to become cement. The final step is to place cement into bags for storing and further usage.

At this point, concrete is ready to be made. In order to do this, 4 ingredients are needed: a quarter of sand, 10% of water, 15% of cement and 50% of gravel, which are small stones. All the ingredients are mixed together in a concrete mixer, which makes concrete by constant rotating.

This diagram clearly depicts the step-by-step process of cement production and its role in the creation of concrete. The production of cement involves 8-10 rigorous stages that are essential for its creation. On the other hand, concrete is formed by combining cement, water, sand, and gravel in varying proportions. The initial stage of cement creation involves blending limestone and clay to form a fine powder, which is then mixed with other ingredients and heated at high temperatures in a rotating heater. The resulting substance is then ground in a grinder and stored in different bags. Furthermore, the second diagram emphasizes that gravel is the primary component of concrete, constituting 50% of the ingredients, followed by cement (15%), water (10%), and sand (25%). These constituents are combined in a rotating concrete mixer to produce the final product.

The diagram illustrates the manufacturing process of cement production and the way in which concrete is manufactured from the cement.

Overall, the cement is manufactured in 8-10 stages. Whereas, concrete is produced using cement, water, sand, and gravel in different proportions.

In the first stage of cement making, limestone, and clay are mixed together and powder is formed. Then after this powder is taken into the mixer and mixed with several ingredients. through which it passes through the rotating heater and is heated at high temperature, and then finally the product is grinded in a grinder and the cement is kept in different bags.

Regarding the second diagram, concrete consists mainly of gravel, which is small stones, and this makes up 50% of the ingredients, The other materials are cement (15%), water (10%), and sand (25%). These all ingredients are poured into a concrete mixer which continuously rotates to combine the materials and ultimately produces concrete.

Hi liz, Please correct my mistakes and guess the band score of my writing.

The diagram illustrates the raw materials and the process with the corresponding equipment required for making cement and how the concrete is produced for building purposes using cement and other ingredients. Overall, cement which is mixed with different ingredients(water , sand, and gravel) is produced from 4 main stages where raw materials (Limestone and Clay) are used.

At first, limestone and clay is passed through crusher to break it down in the form of powder which is then passed through the mixer. The mixed powder is then passed to next station where it is heated by rotating heater to make cement granules. And finally, it is passed through grinder to make it fine particles which is then packed into bags ready to use.

Regarding the second diagram, cement is used for concrete production which accounts for 15% of total ingredients to be used. The cement is then mixed with 10% of water ,25% of sand and 50% of gravel(small stones) in the concrete mixer which is then rotated for certain time to make final product of concrete which can be used for building purposes.

The two diagrams show the different stages and equipment used in the process of making cement, and how is cement used in the production of concrete.

Overall, there are four different phases a limestones and clay have to passed through before it became cement and ready for use, while making concrete requires only 1. While the process of making cement uses numbers of equipment, only mixer is being used in making a concrete.

In making cement, Firstly, the limestones and clay will pass through a crusher. This crusher will break the limestones and clay into a smaller piece till they became powder in appearance, then they will be put into a mixer to mix them evenly. After that, the mixed powder will pass again through a tube which is connected to a rotating heater which has constant heat at the end of it. From this point, the product will then go to a grinder and from then cement is made and is ready for bagging.

In concrete production, combinations of different amount of materials like cement at 15%, sand 25 %, water and small stones at 10 % and 25 % respectively are being put in a concrete mixer and all of these will be mixed together and the end product is a concrete which is ready for making buildings.

The given diagrams represent about the procedure and equipment required while producing cement and eventually concrete from obtained cement. The obtain cement has been filed in the plastic bags. On the contrary, in the complete production of concrete, cement work as raw material. Initially Limestone and Clay has been mixed and passed through a crusher which crush and convert in powder form. This will then pass to a mixer which help in mixing the power and then pass through a rotating heater which has passed over-heat. It is crucial to give the proper amount of heat before passing to the grinder which is the final stage before producing cement which would then be pack in plastic bag and ready for sell. On the other hand, it has been observed with the shared diagram that the Gravel (tiny [pieces of stones] consists half of the total composition (50%). The rest half has been further divided in three parts. The first of them is sand which constitutes one-fourth of the total composition. The rest one-fourth after (50% of Gravel & 25% of sand) constitutes (cement and water).

The diagrams illustrate the process of making cement through various steps and one step procedure of making concrete with the help of cement. Overall, lime stone and clay is being processed through many paces, untill it is packed into bags; Moreover, this cement is being used in the production of concrete with other three ingredients. while the cement production is quite a complicated procedure as compared to making concrete which has only one step. In the first picture , clay and lime stones are being crushed to form powder which is next sent to the mixing cylinder. In the next phase the mixer is being heated in a rotating heater with a continuous heat resource from the one side of it , now the mixer is ready to be ground in a grinder and finally cement is ready to be packed. Regarding the second diagram, there are four ingredients water,cement, sand ,and gravel which is small stones and used in large quantity, with the ratio of 10%, 15%, 25% and 50 % respectively are poured together into a concrete mixer. The concrete mixer rotates the materials continuously to form concrete , Finally. please anyone can check my task and point out my mistakes. Moreover ,let me know my scores.

The first picture illustrates the way in which cement with materials is made step by step, and the second picture shows how is concrete produced by cement for the infrastructure of buildings in one step.

Overall, it is conspicuous that the process of cement manufacture is made up of 4 stages, commencing with providing initial materials namely, limestone, and clay, after which they together combine, and at the end contents are placed in large bags. While the function of making cement uses several tools, the production of concrete requires only a concrete mixer.

At the first stage of this process, limestone and clay where were pressed by a crusher, and the resulting forcing form a powder, drawn into the mixer, during which prepared for the heat spinning step. Having been heated, the materials passed through the rotating heater, the resulting mixture is placed on the grinder machine. The output of this step is cement, which is packed in bags before being delivered to the market. Regarding the second diagram, at the same time as the device rotates clockwise, add ingredients to it. A concrete mixer is a specifically designed man-made contraction, which integrates primarily ingredients together, with 15% of cement, 10% of water, 25% of sand, and gravel which consist of the largest percentage of it therefore 50% of small stones, the resulting compounding is concrete.

The given diagrams describe the two processes necessary to produce concrete that is used for building. The first process being cement production, the second being the production of concrete using the cement produced in the former step.

The initial step in cement production, is crushing limestone and clay by means of a roller crusher that turns both raw materials into a powdery form. this powder is then passed to a mixer just right before it goes into the rotating heater, heated by a heatgun. to wrap up the process, the heated product goes through a grinder to produce the final shape of cement that is put in bags.

Secondly, 4 different raw materials are poured into the concrete mixer. However, in a rather specific and detailed proportions. Half of that mixture consists of gravel which is basically tiny stones. Sand comes after by quater of the whole mixture. Finally cement and water, 15% and 10% respectively. The mixer rotatry action does the rest to produce a homogenous and integral final product of concrete.

Your ideas are too much preferable for me. I enjoy your ideas and what you are trying to say in your Diagram.❤️

The diagram illustrates tools, ingredients and steps cement needs to go through in order to become concrete and be used as a construction material.

Overall, before becoming a ready to use material, concrete needs to go over two main phases, the cement production phase, where cement is made and packaged, and the concrete production phase, where concrete is made mixing cement with other rock.

With regards to cement production, a powder resulted from the crushing process of two rocks, Limestone and Clay, is conducted through a pipe to a rotating heater where heat is applied. Furthermore, A grinder is used to grind the mix transforming it to cement that get packaged after that in cement bags.

In concrete production phase, 15% cement, 10% water, 25% sand and 50% small stones of gravel are mixed together in a rotation motion by the concrete mixer, the outcome of this process is concrete that’s ready to be used for building purposes.

The diagram illustaters tools, ingredients and steps cement needs to go through in order to become concrete and be used as a constraction material.

Overall, before becoming a ready to use material, concrete needs to go over two main phases, the cement production phase and concrete production phase.

With regards to cement production, a powder resulted from the crushing proccess of two rocks, Limestone and Clay, is conducted through a pipe to a rotating heater where heat is applied. Furthermore, A grinder is used to grind the mix transforming it to cement that get packaged after that in cement bags.

In concrete production phase, 15% cement, 10% water, 25% sand and 50% small stones of gravel are mixed together in a rotation motion by the concrete mixer, the outcome of this proccess is a ready to use concrete.

Was going through the model answers so the overview and the introduction, are they combined in the first paragraph .

It is possible to combine them and I usually do so for diagrams which otherwise have a short introduction. However, the intro and the overview are separate statements even when put in the same paragraph.

Thank you 😊

Ocean of 😊 thanks

You’re welcome 🙂

hi liz. sometimes it happened that we are given small process in which it is difficult to complete word count then what should be done in such situation.

IELTS does not produce task 1 diagrams or maps etc which cannot be completed within 20mins. This test is designed by professionals, checked and double checked.

The figure illustrates the method for the manufacturing of cement in different steps with the instruments involved in the process. Furthermore, the application of the cement for the production of concrete to build architectural structures is demonstrated. Overall, cement production is a stepwise process that involves combination of different materials like limestone and clay with different machineries including crusher, mixer, heater and grinder. Then, in order to implement this cement in building mega structures, it has to be converted into concrete. Initially, cement synthesized by crushing limestone and clay into a powder that further pass through mixer into the rotating heater. Through external flame, heat was provided to the rotating heater to properly mix the powder under elevated temperature. Then heated powder pass through grinder to finally convert into cement. Then cement was packed into the bags. For the manufacturing of concrete, this synthesized cement was used that comprise of 15 % of all ingredients. Furthermore, half of the concrete constitute of small stones known as Gravel and sand cover the other quarter with 10 % water. All these ingredients collectively mix in concrete mixer to blend the final product.

The diagram here illustrates how cement is produced and how its is used for production of concrete. It includes a description of the processes and steps used in order to reach the end product, that is concrete.

First, to produce cement; limestone and clay are crushed and mixed together . Once that is done, the mixture is passed through a roller where eternal heat is provided which results in grainy cement. This grainy cement is then passed through a grinder again to get fine cement powder. This Cement is then ready to be packed in bags.

Now, to produce the concrete, this cement is used in a ratio of 15 % with 10 % of water, 25% sand and 50% gravel. All of this is together put in a concrete mixer, which mixes them all together and produces Concrete.

Overall, you can see that in order to produce concrete, cement is required and here it shows a complete process of how cement is produced and further used to produce concrete.

Geraldine says the diagram illustate the level of materials consumed in the manufacturing of cement, and the use of cement in producing concrete for building purposes.

How ever, in the cement making production the limestone and the clay are crushed together to form a powder, then transfered into the mixer before passing through the rotating heater to heat. Then down to the grinder for the grounding process for cement conversion then poured into the cement bag for use.

The second process shows that (15%) of cement (25%) sand (50%) gravel which is the small stone plus (10%) of water are all mixed together into the concrete mixer for the concrete production.

The diagram display the processes and tools involved in producing cement and how it is converted into concrete for the purpose of building.

Overall, the process of making cement involve the use of limestone and clay which undergoes four stages and equipment while concrete production requires only one process and tool.

In the first digram, limestone and clay are added into a crusher where they are crushed into a powder and then thoroughly mixed in a mixer. Subsequently, the mixed product enters into a rotating heater which has a source of heat at an extreme end. Furthermore, the heated product is grinded with a grinder into cement which is then poured into various bag.

In the second diagram, 15% of cement, 10% of water, 25% of sand and 50% gravel which is a type of small stone is added into a concrete mixer. At this point, the ingredient is thoroughly mixed to give rise to concrete which can be utilize for building.

The diagrams illustrate how to make concrete for buildings with the help of processing cement with its stages and equipments used. Overall, limestone and clay pass through four stages before being bagged ready for use as cement which is 15% ingredient of concrete. While the process of making cement uses a number of tools, the production of concrete requires only a concrete mixer. In the first stage of cement production, limestone and clay are crushed together to make the form of powder. Then the powder is collected in the mixer before passing into a rotating heater which has constant heat exposure at the end of the tube. The resulting mixture is ground in order to produce cement. After the final product is put into bags, then it is ready to be used as a component of making concrete. Regarding the second diagram, concrete consists of 50% of gravel which is small stones. The other materials used for concrete production are sand (25%), cement (15%) and water (10%). All these ingredients are poured into a concrete mixer which is constantly rotates to combine the materials to produce concrete.

Total 187 words.

The above diagram illustrates the stages and equipment used in the cement making process, and how cement is used in the production of concrete for building purpose. Cement is one of the four ingredients involved in production of concrete. Initially, ground limestone and clay are added to a crusher to break into smaller particles. This fine powder is next added to a mixer to create a perfect blend of the two. Later the mixed powder is sent into a rotating heater, to which heat is supplied from one end. After heating the mixture, the heated mixture is added to a grinder to make a fine powder. The obtained fine powder is cement. Cement is packed in bags and distributed accordingly. Regarding the second diagram, concrete consists of mainly gravel, which is broken stone and accounts to 50% of the ingredients. Other ingredients are cement (15%), water (10), sand (25%) and gravel (50%). All ingredients are added into a concrete mixer is said proportions and mixed thoroughly to produce concrete.

The Diagram above Illustrates all necessary steps and equipment that are followed and used while making cement, further how it is used to make concrete for different building projects. The process followed for making cement is first limestone and clay are crushed and are mixed in a mixer to properly combine them together, after that the mixture is then heated in a rotating heater once this process is completed the final step is grinding and then finally cement is ready to use. In concrete production, there are four things that are combined together with proper measurement, things combined together are as follows, Cement [15%], Water [10%], sand [25%], and gravel [50% gravel are small stones] these four materials are mixed in a mixer and concrete is ready to use

Please evaluate. The diagram illustrates the various stages employed in the production of cement and also the method used to make concrete. Overall, limestone and clay passes through four main stages in order to make the final product, which then further added with three more ingredients in a mixer to produce concrete. In the production of the cement several tools along with heating medium are used whereas concrete making process needed only a mixer.

Initially, limestone and clay passes through a crusher which crushes them into a powder. Now this powder passes through a mixer, which mix it well. Next stage is rotating heater, where continuous heat is applied after this the heated powder allowed to pass from a grinder which shapes it into the final product. From here the cement is poured and packed into bags in order to process it for commercial purposes.

For concrete making, mainly four ingredients Gravels, sand, cement and water in particular proportions are used (50%, 25%, 15% and 10% respectively). All four are fed into a mixer, which rotates constantly and mixes them to form the concrete.

The diagram illustrates the production of a cement which is then used to from the concrete. overall, the limestone and clay are used to form cement after passing through several steps like crushing, mixing, heating and grinding. this cement is then used to form the concrete by mixing with other ingredients in a concrete mixer. Firstly the limestone and clay are crushed to form a powder this powder is then mixed together in a mixer for passing through a rotatory heater where constant heat is applied. Furthermore this heated powder is then grinded to form cement which is stored in bags for delivery regarding second diagram the concrete is made by adding cement and other two ingredients like water and sand into a main ingredient which is gravel(50%) that are fine stones . All these ingredients are mixed together in a concrete mixer to form concrete which is used as a building material.

The diagram shows the ways in which bricks are made for the building industries. Overall, there are eight stages in the whole producing process, beginning with the digging up the clay and culminating in delivery. In the initial stage of the process, the clay used to make the bricks is dug up from the ground by a large digger before placing onto a metal grid which is used to turn the bricks into smaller pieces. A roller assists in this process. Following this, sand and water are added to the clay in order to turn into bricks by either placing it into a mould or using a wire cut. Next, these bricks is placed in a drying oven to dry for 24-48 hours. Once the bricks have gone through heating and cooling process, they are then heated in a kiln at a moderate and then a high temperature ranging from 200 C – 1300 C, followed by cooling process in a cooling chamber. Having been left in the chamber for 48-72 hours, the bricks are then packed and delivered to their destinations. Hey Liz, I am Shukhrat from Uzbekistan. Can you have a look at this? Does this process deserve to get high band score in IELTS?

Mam Liz, is it true that that process diagrams and flow charts have a very very small chance to actually be asked in the exam?

They can appear at any time. If your results are important to you, do not presume that diagrams or maps are unimportant.

I know this is an old comment but incase someone else passes by this-

I didn’t study maps thoroughly because someone I was studying said “I’ve never seen that, they’re never going to ask that.”

Behold- it was the task I got on exam. Hahahaha.

Prepare for all types of tasks unless you’re willing to schedule multiple exams in a week to counteract the odds. 😉

Sorry to hear you got caught out. Yes, any type of task can appear in task 1. It is essential to prepare for all of them.

hello liz, regarding this essay, shouldn’t “ground” in the second paragraph and at the end of the third line be grounded?

No. The past tense of “to grind” is “ground” or “grinded”.

Hello Liz I am an ardent fan of your tutorials..i just want to ask one thing about task 1..shall we write it in present tense or past tense if nothing is mentioned about time like in process tyoe questions

If no date is given, use the present tense.

Hi liz …. u r commendable.. very precise way of teaching … luv u so much

Thanks a lot for this wonderful website Ieltsliz😍😍😍

Hi Liz, Instead of ‘overall’, can we use ‘To outline’ Thanks

Why change the signpost “overall”? It is the best signpost to indicate an overview. This is formal, report writing. It will not improve your score to change that signpost.

I have a question … do we need to write process in passive voice or active only ?

You will use a combination of both.

The diagrams explains the steps and equipments utilize in the production of cement and the way in which concrete are formed for housing reasons. Overall, it can be deduced that the process of cement making used four equipments and two materials. In contrast, concrete was produced from four materials that was mixed together in one machine which rotates in a gradual motion.

First of all, the production of cement was made with limestone and clay which was crushed to powder and then passed through the mixer. Then, the materials was heated at the end of the rotating heater tube before it was grounded. Later on, the cement produced was packed into bags.

However, in the production of concrete, four materials were used compared to cement production that utilized two resources. 15% of cement which was made from limestone and clay was added to 25 percent of sand. Two times the size of sand represents the size of gravel which is small stones. Moreover, 10% of water was also added. All this material were mixed in a concrete mixer which rotates in a gradual movement.

Dear Liz, I noticed a difference between what you said on one tutorial and this example here. Should overall be separated into a single paragraph or not?

There are no fixed rules. Diagrams generally have a very very short introduction. Sometimes it is no more than 10 words. For that reason I put the overview in the same paragraph. It’s fine to do that. For all other task 1, I keep it as a separate paragraph. The most important thing is using the word “overall” to indicate to the examiner that it is the overview and making sure all key features are highlighted.

The flow chart illustrates the process of making cement, while the other diagram shows how different materials are combined with the product to produce concrete.

Overall, cement manufacturing takes four steps, beginning with crushing and ending with cement in bags. Regarding concrete production, different materials in constituencies are added/mixed to under rotation to make concrete.

Cement making steps are as follows: First and foremost, inputs namely; limestone and clay are put in a crusher where they are grinded to produce powder. Then, the material is channeled into a mixer where it is mixed thoroughly. The next stage involves passing the powder into rotating heater where heat is applied, the resource is rotated consequently, as heater rotates. The final stage focuses on the by-product which is crushed under grinder to produce cement which is put in bags.

Looking at concrete production diagram, initials stage: water (10%), cement (15%), sand (25%) and gravel (50%) are added together in concrete mixer, then, the mixer is put under rotation and the inputs are mixed to produce concrete.

Word count: 180 words

It’s really helpful

The diagram provides information about the different levels and tools required in the production of cement, and how cement contributes to the making of concrete for construction purposes.

Overall, the manufacturing of cement requires a dry process, while concrete production on the other hand is a wet method. Also, the mixer Isa necessary equipment in both cement and concrete making.

The first stage in the production of cement is crushing ofboth limestone and clay to give a fine powdered mixture,after which it is transported into the mixer for thorough mixing. Next the mixture enters the rotating heater were heat is directly acted upon it. Then the heated mixture is poured into the grinder for more grinding of the particulars. The result is cement and then they are packed into bags for distribution and use

The making of concrete requires the combination of cement (15%), water(10%), sand (25%) and small stones called gravel also by 50%). The composition is poured into the concrete mixer for proper mixing of every ingredients.

This example is helpful for me and i learnt lot of things related to way we can use connectors include then and afterwards . I want next example about flow chart and pie chart. Thanks if you read it then comment also.

You can find model answers and tips for writing task 1, in the writing section of the website. Just click on the RED MENU BAR at the top of the website 🙂

Hi Liz, thanks for your painstaking efforts to produce these materials. I wish to ask, could the overviews for the two diagrams be given separately. Can it be done in different paragraphsis. Thank you

Yes, definitely. You can write the overview separately. I usually do for my task 1 but I occasionally like to offer alternatives.

Hi liz, Thanks for your up-to-date informations. I want to ask a question that is it okay to write a overveiw in 2nd paragraph and again in the end add a conclusion paragraph in another way, I mean by another prospective in writing task 1?

You are being marked on your ability to group information together – not to repeat it and scatter it in different paragraphs.

Hi Liz, Can the overview come last?

Sure. But don’t miss it. It is the most important paragraph in task 1. See this page: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-writing-task-1-lessons-and-tips/

Hi Liz, I cannot upload answer to first IELTS Bar Chart Practice Sample question ( men ,women and children eating five portions of fruits and vegetables). Please share a link for the answer. Thank you.

Try the main writing task 1 page. Click on the RED BAR at the top of the website.

Thanks madam Liz, the work on your web is quite blissful

Hello Liz First of all, thank you for your videos, tips and all you do for us. I want to know one thing. Do we have to write writing tasks in IELTS with handwriting?

If you are taking normal IELTS, it will all be hand written. However, there are some countries and some test centers that offer computer delivered IELTS.

Thanks for a big support, your website is too useful.

The diagrams depict the process of cement production and its usage in making concrete.

In cement production there are 4 stages involved. In the first stage limestone and clay are crushed to powder form. This then passes through a mixer into a rotating heater, which is supplied with constant heat at one end. Afterwhich, the mixture is ground to develop cement. This final product is bagged thereafter.

The process of concrete making involves 4 items, cement(15%), sand(25%),gravel(50%) and water(10%). All these ingredients are mixed in a concrete mixer which rotates clock-wise.This process results in the formation of concrete.

Overall, the making of cement is of 4 stages, in which a number of equipments are used. As far as concrete production is concerned, all the substances are mixed in a single machine.

Hi, Liz. Firstly, I’d like to thank you for these great lessons which are very helpful for me in preparing my upcoming academic IELTS test. Secondly, I’d like to ask you if we are allowed to use/draw an arrow in the writing tasks? You know, to add some words that we’ve forgot to mention earlier. And when we use pen in writing tasks, is it okay to cross out some words, even a long sentence?

The examiner only sees the answer sheets. So you can draw, underline, , make notes, plan etc all over your question paper for listening, reading and writing. See this page: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-help-faq/ and this page: https://ieltsliz.com/deleting-words-in-ielts-writing/ . You can find all my tips on the main pages of this site which you access through the RED BAR at the top of the website.

You are astonishing. thanks a lot for your help, time and on top of that patience.

can all diagrams be written in a passive voice? such as the tense used in the diagram above?

As seen in the model above, the tense will vary to show a range.

Hi Liz, first of all, thank you for your great advice. I was wondering about the format of writing. Are we allowed to leave space in the first sentence of every paragraph? (just to indicate that there is a new paragraph starting ?

https://ieltsliz.com/should-i-indent-my-paragraphs-in-ielts-writing/

Hi, Liz.How can we write overviews for PROCCES and Map.What data shoul we mention?

A process is another name for a diagram. All writing task 1, including diagrams and maps, MUST have an overview. It is the most important statement/paragraph in your task 1 writing. For diagrams, state the key stages. For maps, state the key changes (if it is time related) and/or the main features.

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