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Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method

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2009, Qualitative Research Journal

This article examines the function of documents as a data source in qualitative research and discusses document analysis procedure in the context of actual research experiences. Targeted to research novices, the article takes a nuts-and-bolts approach to document analysis. It describes the nature and forms of documents, outlines the advantages and limitations of document analysis, and offers specific examples of the use of documents in the research process. The application of document analysis to a grounded theory study is illustrated.

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This paper develops memo writing techniques within the framework of grounded theory methodology of qualitative research in social sciences. In grounded theory, memoing is one of the most important processes to develop and enrich theory. Memo is the written record of the researcher's thinking. It is an analytical strategy that facilitates the researcher to achieve clear concept and truth from the data. It is considered as the tool of all kinds of notes taken by the researchers in grounded theory during their research. But yet there is a limited use of memo writing in other qualitative researches. Memoing increases investigation, inspection and continuity of data during the research analysis. In this study an attempt has been taken to discuss the aspects of memoing along with its benefits.

This paper probes functions and processes of qualitative document analysis (QDA), a method widely used in case study research. It firstly demonstrates the application of a QDA framework to inform a case study of women entrepreneurs in rural Australia; and provides insights into the lessons learnt, including strengths and limitations of QDA. Secondly, the paper provides guidelines for novice researchers seeking to use thematic analysis in a QDA process, arguing for rigour in naming assumptions and explicitness about the procedures employed. The paper contributes to discussion in the literature that positions QDA not only as a convenient tool, but as a method embedded in a conceptual framework integral to the credibility and rigour of the qualitative “story” and what makes that story feel “right” to both researcher and reader (Corbin & Strauss, 2008).

1. IntroductionOne of the main problems of conducting interpretive qualitative research is to decide an appropriate starting point for the research, and the basic framework within which the data will be collected and analysed. Qualitative studies tend to produce large amounts of data that are not readily amenable to mechanical manipulation, analysis and data reduction (Yin, 1984). It not only generates large amount of data, but it generates data in a non standard format which makes analysis problematic (Turner, 1983). Qualitative analysis provides an opportunity for the researcher to gain information and gather insights that may be overlooked with traditional data analysis techniques. The analysis of the case study is done in pursuant to guidance provided by many scholars in this field, (such as Glaser, 1978; Glaser and Strauss, 1967; Lofland and Lofland, 1984; and Taylor and Bogdan, 1984).The process of data analysis in qualitative research involves working with data, organising it...

Qualitative research method is adjudged a veritable tool in generating data aimed at subjective understanding of sociocultural issues facing humanity. Using archival research method, this review study strives to understand qualitative research paying particular attention to grounded theory method. I pay particular attention to the grounded theory research process. I examine the methodological strength of grounded theory research method as option in qualitative research. Finally, I route for criteria for evaluation of qualitative research.

This chapter aims to elaborate different research methods that can be employed in organizational studies. Since the complex and indivisible relationships between the constructs and nature of the social content about the phenomena can be understood better through qualitative methods, importance of qualitative investigation is mentioned and a detailed explanation of grounded theory data analysis as a qualitative method is provided. Grounded Theory mainly suggests that theory can be discovered in qualitative data. The theory employs a specific method that follows symbolic interactionism in viewing humans as active agents in their own lives who create meaning in the processes of action and interaction. Grounded Theory which deems researchers as active participants in the construction of knowledge leading to generation of theory has been used in organizational research widely. Therefore, the chapter also offers an example of the application of grounded theory by using several extracts from the sample transcripts of interviewees.

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Araştırmada Hâris el-Muhâsibî’nin (öl. 243/857) hayatı ve Fehmu’l-Kur’ân adlı eserinde ağırlıklı olarak ele aldığı nesih konusu incelenerek müellifin hem Kur’ân’a hem de nesih olgusuna bakışı gözlemlenmiştir. Muhâsibî'nin, Fehmu’l-Kur’ân adlı eserinde neshi on beş çeşide ayırması dikkatimizi çektiğinden bunlar arasında ne gibi farklar ve benzerlikler bulunduğu, Kur’ân’ı anlamaya nasıl bir bakış kazandırdığı problem edilmiştir. Çalışmada metnin içerik analizi yapılırken, yazıda birçok tutarsızlık fark edilmiştir. Buna rağmen Muhâsibî’nin nesih konusuna tebdîl, beyân, ref‘, izâle, nakil, tahsis ve istisna açısından çok geniş bir perspektif kazandırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca Muhâsibî'nin, haberlerde neshin caiz olmadığı ve Allah kelâmının değişmezliği görüşünü ısrarla vurguladığı ancak eser boyunca sistemli bir şekilde bu görüşlerin ilerlemediği de tespit edilmiştir.

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COMMENTS

  1. (PDF) Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method

    This article examines the function of documents as a data source in qualitative research and discusses document analysis procedure in the context of actual research experiences.

  2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES

    students who intend to attain high level of knowledge of the research methodology in social sciences will find this book very helpful in understanding the basic concepts before they read any book on research methodology. This book is useful those students who offer the Research

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    Each book will focus on a single aspect of research, for example, choosing a research topic, following ethical guidelines when conducting research with humans, using appropriate statistical tools to analyze your data, and deciding which measures to use in your project.

  5. Conducting a Qualitative Document Analysis

    This paper is designed to close the gap in the literature on conducting a qualitative document analysis by focusing on the advantages and limitations of using documents as a source of data and providing strategies for selecting documents.

  6. Importance of Documentation in Research Methodology

    In a serious academic research, methodology, style-sheets and review of literature have utmost importance. Bibliometrics is the discipline where quantitative methods were employed to probe scientific communication process by measuring and analyzing various aspects of written documents.

  7. Lesson Forty-two: Documentation in Research Paper

    Documentation begins as soon as you start researching, and it continues throughout the writing process: drafting, revising, and editing. Therefore, you need to maintain a careful record of sources you use and the exact material you take from them. You need to check the accuracy of your documentation during the various stages of the writing process.

  8. Research Methods Handbook - OPEN OKSTATE

    What is a ‘research method’? The simple answer is to say that it is how someone did a particular piece of research, investigated a topic or attempted to answer a question. This could describe a specific part of the process or it can relate to the process as a whole. Research methods can vary greatly but they all attempt to gather ...

  9. Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method - Academia.edu

    Targeted to research novices, the article takes a nuts-and-bolts approach to document analysis. It describes the nature and forms of documents, outlines the advantages and limitations of document analysis, and offers specific examples of the use of documents in the research process.

  10. Introduction to Research Methods - SAGE Publications Inc

    Throughout this book, we bring you through the complexities of research methodology with a focus on applying science with practice to foster your understanding of research methodology or enhancing your skills to evaluate existing research.