personal statement references

25 Personal References Examples & Samples

Chris Drew (PhD)

Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. [Image Descriptor: Photo of Chris]

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A personal reference is a reference provided by someone who knows you personally, as opposed to a professional or academic reference.

Personal references are often used to confirm things about your character and your personal history, rather than your work history or qualifications. They can be useful for employers because they can give them a more well-rounded picture of the person they’re considering hiring.

If you’ve been asked to find a personal reference, consider asking a friend, neighbor, or family member who can attest to your character.

Professional vs Personal References

An employer will usually ask for both professional and personal references when they are considering you for a position. Each type of reference will reveal different parts of your personality to your potential employer.

Here is the difference between professional and personal references:

• Professional references are people who can attest to your work ethic and qualifications.
• Personal references are people who can speak to your character.

Because a professional reference needs to be able to attest to your work in a professional setting, they need to be someone you have worked with. Preferably, it will be a former boss or line manager.

Professional references need to speak more holistically about your character. So, they may have worked with you in a professional setting but they more often just know you outside of a professional setting.

Examples of People who can Provide a Personal Reference

• Longtime Friends
• People you Volunteered With
• A Police Officer or Firefighter you Know
• A Teacher or Nurse you Know
• A Businessperson you Know
• Family Friends
• A Religious Leader
• A Sports Coach
• A Youth Group Leader
• Your Doctor
• Your Landlord
• A Friend’s Parents

What to Include in a Personal Reference

If you have been asked to provide a personal reference, consider whether you can truly vouch for that person’s character. If so, then you might consider including some of the following details.

How Long you have Known the Person – The employer will want to know how long you have known the person, as the longevity of a relationship can be a good indicator that the person can sustain positive relationships. It also adds credibility to your assessment of the person.

How you Know the Person – This is important because it will help the potential employer understand whether you’re a qualified reference. For example, if you only know them as a casual acquaintance, your reference might not hold as much weight.

An Honest Assessment of their Personality – Generally, I only agree to give a personal reference if I can honestly attest to the person’s values and integrity. If you can’t be honest in your praise, consider passing up the opportunity to act as a personal reference.

Examples of the Person’s character in Action – The person asking for the reference would greatly appreciate you including an example of a time when the person demonstrated their character. Furthermore, it can come across as a genuine, high-quality, and thoughtful reference that the future employer would appreciate.

Examples of Personal References

Below are 25 Personal Reference Samples.

• “Carl is a patient man who is always willing to lend a listening ear. I’ve known him for seven years, and in that time he has never once lost his temper or raised his voice in anger. He is the preacher at my church, and he has a way of making even the most complex theological concepts easy to understand.
• “Jordan has been the janitor at my workplace for 18 months. He is always looking for new ways to get to know people around the workplace, and his passion for helping others is evident in everything he does. I highly recommend Carl for any position he may be interested in; he is sure to be an asset to any team. Thank you for taking the time to consider him.”
• “It is with pleasure that I write this letter of reference for Ahmed. I have known him for 12 years, and he is a family friend. In that time, I have always been impressed by his work ethic. He is a hard worker who is always willing to go the extra mile. Ahmed is also a very reliable person.”
• “Gemma is a former colleague of mine. We have known each other for 3 years. The one thing I am most impressed by with Gemma is that she is always on time and takes great care to do things right the first time. This attention to detail has served her well in her personal life and career. Gemma would be an excellent addition to any team, and I highly recommend her.”
• “I have known Jessica for over 10 years. We went to college together and have been good friends since then. I know her to be an honest, reliable, and trustworthy person.”
• “I have had the pleasure of knowing Charlie for two years, during which time we have served together as volunteer firefighters. In that capacity, I have seen firsthand Charlie’s compassion for others. He is always quick to lend a hand, whether it’s helping a fellow firefighter with an equipment issue or providing comfort to a family who has lost their home in a fire. Charlie’s calm demeanor and willingness to help are truly admirable.”
• “I have known John for 5 years as he is my neighbor. He is always willing to help me out and is always friendly and polite. I know him to be an honest and upstanding person.”
• “I have known Sarah for 3 years as she is my daughter’s best friend. I have seen her interact with my daughter and other children and she is always kind, patient, and helpful. I know her to be a responsible and caring person.”
• “I have known Alex for 2 years as he is my son’s baseball coach. He is always positive and encouraging, and my son has really benefited from his coaching. I know him to be a responsible and reliable person.”
• “I have known Jane for 1 year as she is a member of my book club. She is always well-informed and has interesting insights to share. I know her to be an intelligent and articulate person.”
• “I have known Mike for 1 year as he is the manager of my local gym. He is always friendly and helpful, and I know him to be a reliable and trustworthy person.”
• “I very rarely give personal references, but I will make an exception for Liz. She is one of the kindest people I know. People always underestimate her, but I know who she really is – a person with incredible determination and an uncanny ability to beat the odds to acheive her absolute best.”
• “I first met Michelle when she was dogsitting for us when we travelled to Costa Rica. She took great care for our animals, for which we will always be grateful. I’d more than happily have her do it for us again. I know her to be very trustworthy and reliable.”
• “I have known Caroline for 2 weeks as she is the new nanny for my children. She is always cheerful and patient, and I know her to be a responsible and reliable person.”
• “Thomas is my boss and I have worked with him for the past two years. He is always fair and reasonable, and I know him to be a honest and upstanding person.”
• “I have known Karen for 15 years as she is my best friend’s mom. She is always friendly and helpful, and I know her to be a responsible and caring person.”
• “I have known Ryan for 4 years as he is my brother’s best friend. I have seen him interact with my brother and other people, and he is always polite and respectful. I know him to be a responsible and reliable person.”
• “I have known Stephanie for 3 years as she is a member of my church. She is always willing to help out and is always friendly and polite. I know her to be an honest and upstanding person.”
• “I have known Nathan for 2 years as he is my neighbor. He is always willing to help me out and is always friendly and polite. I know him to be a honest and upstanding person.”
• “I have known Emma for 1 year as she is my daughter’s best friend. I have seen her interact with my daughter and other children and she is always kind, patient, and helpful. Whenever she comes over for dinner, she is always polite and respectful. I know her to be a responsible and caring person.”
• “I have known Ann for 3 years as she is my Pilates instructor. She is always upbeat and positive, and I know her to be a responsible and reliable person.”
• “I have known Lisa for 1 year as she is my daughter’s dance instructor. She is always patient and encouraging, and I know her to be a kind and caring person.”
• “I have known Julie for 2 weeks as she has been working with me at the Parents and Teachers committee. She has only been with us for a short time, but she has already made a great impression. She is always well-informed and has interesting insights to share. I know her to be an intelligent and articulate person.”
• “I have known Jacinta for four years through competitive sports, and in that time she has consistently proven herself to be a highly self-motivated individual. Whether it is training for competition or simply striving to improve her personal best, Jacinta is always putting in the extra effort to reach her goals.”
• “Sam and I are swim partners. He is truly dedicated to swimming and this dedication has helped him to achieve great things in his swimming career, and I have no doubt that it will continue to serve him well in whatever endeavours he pursues in the future. I am confident that Sam will be an excellent addition to any team or organisation, and I wholeheartedly recommend him.”

As you can see, personal references can come from a variety of people who know you in different ways. The important thing is that they can attest to your character and speak to your positive qualities.

Personal references are people who can attest to your character, rather than your work history or qualifications. They can be useful for employers because they can give them a more well-rounded picture of the person and their behaviors and attitude.

When asking someone to be your personal reference, make sure to give them a heads up so they know what to expect. And, be sure to thank them afterward! They have done you a great favor.

• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ 15 Self-Actualization Examples (Maslow's Hierarchy)
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ Forest Schools Philosophy & Curriculum, Explained!
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ Montessori's 4 Planes of Development, Explained!
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ Montessori vs Reggio Emilia vs Steiner-Waldorf vs Froebel

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• Career Blog

Personal Reference Letter Examples and Writing Tips for 2024

As individuals progress through their personal and professional lives, they may encounter instances where they are required to produce a personal reference letter. This letter serves as a powerful endorsement tool for the candidate, helping to influence the decision-making process in their favor.

In this article, we will examine the significance of a well-written personal reference letter, including its definition, purpose, and benefits. We will provide examples and valuable tips to help you create a compelling personal reference letter that positively impacts the recipient’s outcome.

What is a Personal Reference Letter?

A Personal Reference Letter, also known as a character reference letter, is a written document that attests to an individual’s character, work ethic, integrity, and overall professionalism. It is typically written by someone who has had a significant amount of interaction with the candidate, whether in a professional or personal context.

The letter should be written in a professional tone, highlighting the individual’s significant strengths, key attributes, and unique qualities that distinguish them from others. This letter is an invaluable resource when it comes to competing for job opportunities or academic positions.

Purpose of Personal Reference Letter

The primary purpose of a Personal Reference Letter is to provide an unbiased and sincere evaluation of an individual’s positive attributes, which can help the recipient make informed decisions. The letter should provide insight into the individual’s work ethic, skills, and overall character, which can influence the recipient’s decision-making process positively.

Whether it’s for a job application, academic program, or any other evaluation process, a Personal Reference Letter can be a key factor in determining the candidate’s suitability for the role.

Who might need a Personal Reference Letter?

Individuals from various backgrounds and professions may require a Personal Reference Letter to provide support to their claims of competency and professionalism. This includes people in the following professional categories:

• Job applicants
• Entrepreneurs
• Freelancers
• Medical professionals
• And any individual looking to confirm their credibility in any industry.

D. Benefits of a Well-Written Personal Reference Letter

A well-written Personal Reference Letter carries a multitude of benefits. First and foremost, it serves as a persuasive tool that can positively influence the recipient’s decision-making process. It can increase the candidate’s chances of getting selected for the desired job or academic position.

Furthermore, a well-written Personal Reference Letter provides concrete evidence of an individual’s positive attributes and work ethic. It creates a lasting impression of the candidate, which can benefit them in the future.

A Personal Reference Letter plays a vital role in a candidate’s personal and professional development. It is essential to be sincere and succinct in your evaluation of the candidate, highlighting their unique attributes that can influence the recipient’s decision positively.

Personal Reference Letter Format

When it comes to personal reference letters, there are certain formatting rules that should be followed. These letters are often used for employment and education purposes, and can have a significant impact on the recipient’s future opportunities. Here are the key elements of a personal reference letter format:

A. Formal vs. Informal

The tone of the letter should reflect the relationship between the writer and the recipient. If it is a professional or academic reference, a formal tone is appropriate. If the relationship is more personal, an informal tone may be more fitting. Regardless of the tone, the letter should be well-written and thoughtful.

B. Length and Structure

The length of a personal reference letter can vary depending on the purpose and requirements of the recipient. Generally, the letter should be one page in length or less. The structure of the letter should include an introduction, body, and conclusion. Each section should be clearly labeled to guide the reader.

C. Salutation

The salutation of the letter should address the recipient directly, using their full name or appropriate title. If the relationship is more informal, a first name may be used. If the relationship is professional or academic, a formal title may be more appropriate.

D. Introduction

The introduction should include the writer’s connection to the recipient, and the purpose of the letter. It should also establish the writer’s credibility and qualifications to give a reference.

The body of the letter should provide specific examples of the recipient’s skills, character, and achievements. These examples should be detailed and highlight the qualities that make the recipient stand out. The writer should also include any relevant background information to provide context.

F. Conclusion

The conclusion should summarize the writer’s opinion of the recipient, and offer support for their abilities and potential. The writer should also invite the reader to contact them for further information or clarification.

G. Signature

The signature should include the writer’s full name, title, and contact information. This provides further credibility and allows the recipient to follow up if needed.

A well-written personal reference letter can provide a significant boost to the recipient’s future opportunities. By following these formatting guidelines, writers can ensure their letters are effective and impactful.

Personal Reference Letter Writing Tips

Crafting an effective personal reference letter requires more than merely penning a few kind words about the subject. Being a well-crafted and impactful letter writer calls for careful attention to detail and an ability to communicate not just about the person, but to someone who may be looking to hire or accept the applicant.

To help you write a persuasive letter, here are some essential tips:

A. Understand the Purpose

Before embarking on penning your personal reference letter, it is essential to understand its purpose. Typically, it serves as a testament to the subject’s character, highlighting their positive attributes, and why they are suitable for the job or opportunity at hand.

B. Choose the Right Tone

The tone of the letter is critical to conveying the message effectively. A more informal tone may be suitable for a letter of recommendation between friends or colleagues, while a more formal tone is appropriate when writing for an academic or professional position. It is vital to take the time to understand the audience and the subject before finalizing the tone.

C. Highlight Relevant Qualities or Skills

When writing a personal reference letter, it is essential to emphasize the subject’s positive qualities and skills that are relevant to the job or opportunity. Avoid simply listing the achievements I have seen or heard of in the past. Instead, focus on the qualities and skills that you have personally observed and think are valuable.

D. Include Specific Examples

One of the best ways to persuade a hiring manager or executive board to consider a person is by including specific examples that illustrate how the subject has demonstrated the qualities and skills that you mention. It will provide substance to the letter, enabling the reader to envision the person’s capabilities.

E. Customize the Letter

A well-crafted personal reference letter should be personalized and unique to the subject’s specific situation. Take the time to understand the job or opportunity requirements, and tailor your letter accordingly to highlight their most relevant accomplishments.

F. Proofread and Edit

Finally, make sure to proofread and edit your letter thoroughly. A letter filled with grammatical errors or haphazard language may not communicate the message effectively. It is crucial to get a second opinion from others to ensure that the subject’s best qualities are communicated effectively.

Following these tips will help improve the effectivity of a personal reference letter, leading to better job prospects and future opportunities for the applicant.

Personal Reference Letter Dos and Don’ts

When it comes to writing a personal reference letter, there are some dos and don’ts to keep in mind to ensure your letter is effective and professional.

• Be Honest : Always tell the truth about the person you are recommending. False information can have disastrous consequences and damage your credibility.
• Use Positive Language : Use upbeat and affirmative language to describe the person and their accomplishments. This helps to create a positive impression of the candidate in the minds of the reader.
• Provide Praise : Highlight the person’s strengths and accomplishments. This helps to strengthen their case and show why they are deserving of the opportunity they are seeking.
• Use Specific Examples : Give specific examples of the person’s accomplishments or contributions, rather than generalizations. This helps to demonstrate their unique abilities and contributions.
• Make it Professional : Use professional language and structure. Keep the tone formal, respectful, and appropriate to the context of the letter.

B. Don’ts

• Lie or Exaggerate : Never lie or exaggerate about the person you are recommending. Your credibility and reputation is at stake.
• Be Overly Critical : Avoid making negative or overly critical comments about the person. Focus on their positive attributes and accomplishments instead.
• Provide Vague or Generic Comments : Avoid making vague or generic comments that could apply to anyone. Be specific and provide detailed examples to showcase the candidate’s achievements and skills.
• Use Slang or Jargon : Avoid using slang or jargon that might be unclear or inappropriate to the reader.
• Make it Too Long or Too Short : It’s important to strike the right balance between providing enough information and being concise.

Personal Reference Letter Examples

When someone requests a personal reference letter, it is important that the letter is well-written and provides insight into the person’s character and abilities. Here are examples of personal reference letters for different situations:

A. Letter for a Job Applicant

If you are asked to write a personal reference letter for a job applicant, include specific examples of the person’s skills and experiences that are relevant to the job they are applying for. Some key points to include are:

• How long you have known the person
• In what capacity you have worked with the person
• The person’s strengths and skills that make them a good fit for the job
• Any personal anecdotes or stories that highlight the person’s character or work ethic

To Whom It May Concern,

I am writing to recommend Jane Smith for the role of Marketing Manager in your company. I have had the pleasure of working with Jane for two years at XYZ Corporation, where she was a standout employee.

Jane consistently demonstrated excellent communication skills and a strong work ethic. She was able to manage multiple projects simultaneously and deliver high-quality work on time. Her attention to detail and creativity were also impressive.

In addition, Jane is a team player who is always willing to lend her expertise to help others succeed. She is also a natural leader who can inspire her teammates to achieve their goals.

I am confident that Jane would be an asset to your organization and would excel in the role of Marketing Manager. Please feel free to contact me if you have any further questions.

Sincerely, [Your Name]

Dear Hiring Manager,

I am writing this letter of recommendation for David Johnson, who has applied for the position of IT Specialist at your company. I have had the pleasure of working with David for three years at ABC Corporation. During this time, I have found him to be a highly-skilled and dedicated employee.

David has a deep understanding of various computer systems and software programs. He is always on top of the latest updates and can quickly troubleshoot any issues that arise. David is also an excellent communicator and is able to explain complex technical issues in a way that is easy to understand.

In addition, David is a great team player who can work collaboratively with all members of the team. He is always willing to help others and is never too busy to lend a hand.

I strongly endorse David for his technical skills, attention to detail, and work ethic. He would be an excellent addition to your team.

B. Letter for a Student

Writing a personal reference letter for a student requires highlighting the student’s academic achievements, personal qualities, and future potential.

[Recipient’s Name],

I am writing to provide a personal reference for Emily Davis, who is applying for a scholarship at your esteemed institution. I have had the pleasure of being Emily’s teacher for the past three years, and I have witnessed her exceptional dedication, intelligence, and passion for learning.

Emily consistently demonstrated outstanding academic performance, consistently achieving top grades in all her courses. She is a highly motivated and self-driven student who goes above and beyond to excel in her studies. Her critical thinking skills and ability to grasp complex concepts are truly impressive.

Furthermore, Emily possesses excellent communication skills, both written and verbal. She actively participates in class discussions, articulates her ideas effectively, and engages with her peers in a respectful and insightful manner. She is not only an exceptional learner but also a valuable contributor to the classroom environment.

Beyond her academic achievements, Emily is a compassionate and empathetic individual. She actively participates in community service projects and has shown great leadership skills in organizing fundraisers and volunteering activities. She is committed to making a positive impact on the lives of others and demonstrates a strong sense of social responsibility.

I have no doubt that Emily has a bright future ahead of her. She is determined, resilient, and possesses the necessary qualities to succeed in her chosen field of study. I wholeheartedly recommend her for the scholarship, as I believe she has the potential to make a significant contribution to your institution and society as a whole.

Please feel free to contact me if you require any further information or have additional questions.

Warm regards, [Your Name]

I am writing to enthusiastically recommend Michael Johnson, a student of exceptional talent and character, for any academic opportunities that may arise. I have had the pleasure of being Michael’s mentor and advisor during his high school years, and I have been consistently impressed by his dedication, intellectual curiosity, and commitment to personal growth.

Michael consistently exhibits an extraordinary work ethic and a genuine passion for learning. His academic achievements speak for themselves, as he has consistently maintained top grades across all subjects. Michael possesses exceptional analytical and problem-solving skills, and he consistently demonstrates a deep understanding of complex concepts.

What truly sets Michael apart is his insatiable curiosity and eagerness to explore interdisciplinary topics. He actively seeks out additional learning opportunities outside the traditional curriculum, engages in research projects, and consistently seeks mentorship from experts in various fields. His ability to connect concepts from different disciplines is a testament to his exceptional intellect and thirst for knowledge.

In addition to his academic prowess, Michael is a natural leader and an incredibly compassionate individual. He is deeply involved in community service initiatives, spearheading projects that aim to address social issues and promote equality. Michael’s dedication to serving others and his ability to inspire his peers make him an exceptional candidate for any academic program.

I wholeheartedly endorse Michael’s application and believe that he has the potential to make significant contributions to any institution he attends. His intellectual acumen, commitment to excellence, and unwavering moral compass make him an exceptional student and an asset to any academic community.

Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any further inquiries.

Remember to tailor the content of your personal reference letter to the specific individual and situation. Highlight the person’s relevant qualities and provide specific examples to support your statements.

Personal Reference Letter Template

When it comes to writing a personal reference letter, it’s important to understand the key elements and structure. Here, we provide an outline and template to help guide you in crafting a compelling and informative personal reference letter.

A. Outline of a Personal Reference Letter

• Introduction : Begin by introducing yourself and your relationship to the person you are recommending.
• Personal Qualities and Character : Provide specific examples and anecdotes that highlight the personal qualities and character traits of the person you are recommending. These could include things like their work ethic, reliability, kindness, leadership skills, and interpersonal skills.
• Professional Qualifications : Next, showcase the person’s professional qualifications and accomplishments. This could include their education, certifications, work experience, and any notable achievements or awards.
• Conclusion : Close the letter by reiterating your recommendation and expressing your confidence in the person’s abilities.

B. Personal Reference Letter Template

[Your Name] [Your Address] [City, State ZIP Code] [Your Email Address] [Today’s Date]

[Recipient Name] [Recipient Address] [City, State ZIP Code]

Dear [Recipient Name],

I am writing to recommend [Name of Person Being Recommended] for [Reason for Recommendation]. I have had the pleasure of knowing [Name of Person Being Recommended] for [Length of Time] and during that time, [he/she/they] have impressed me with [his/her/their] exceptional personal qualities and professional qualifications.

[Paragraph 1: Introduction] [Name of Person Being Recommended] and I have known each other since [How You Met]. As a [Your Relationship to the Person Being Recommended], I have had the opportunity to work closely with [him/her/them] and have witnessed [his/her/their] dedication and commitment firsthand.

[Paragraph 2: Personal Qualities and Character] [Name of Person Being Recommended] is an individual of the highest character and integrity. [He/She/They] consistently demonstrates [Positive Quality or Trait], as evidenced by [Specific Example or Anecdote]. Additionally, [he/she/they] is [Positive Quality or Trait], which [has/have] contributed greatly to [his/her/their] success in [Field or Industry].

[Paragraph 3: Professional Qualifications] In addition to [his/her/their] exceptional personal qualities, [Name of Person Being Recommended] also possesses [list professional qualifications]. [He/She/They] has shown [specific accomplishments or contributions in the professional realm].

[Paragraph 4: Conclusion] It is with great enthusiasm that I recommend [Name of Person Being Recommended] for [Reason for Recommendation]. [He/She/They] have the skills, experience, and personal qualities needed to excel in [The Desired Role or Opportunity]. [He/She/They] has my highest recommendation.

Sample Personal Reference Letter Request

Personal reference letters are an excellent way to showcase one’s character, skills, and work ethic to potential employers or educational institutions. However, to receive a personal reference letter, one must request it from a former employer, professor, or colleague. Here is an example of how to request a personal reference letter from someone:

A. Introduction

Dear [Name],

I hope this email finds you well. It was a pleasure working with you at [company/school] and experiencing your impressive [list specific qualities]. As I embark on [explain the reason you need the reference letter], I was hoping you could provide me with a personal reference letter to include in my application package.

B. Request for Personal Reference

If it is not too much trouble, could you please address the following points in your letter?

• Your relationship with me
• The duration of our professional or academic interactions
• Specific examples of my skills, abilities, and work ethic
• How my skills and abilities contributed to the success of the company/project/team
• Any additional comments you think might be useful for my application

It would be very much appreciated if you could address the above points in your letter. Please let me know if you have any questions or concerns regarding the process or content of the reference letter.

C. Thank You

Thank you for considering my request for a personal reference letter. I understand that this is a busy time for you, and your efforts to help me are highly appreciated. If you are able to provide the reference letter, please let me know when I can expect it.

Thank you again for all your support and guidance during our time working together.

Personal Reference Letter vs. Professional Reference Letter

When it comes to reference letters, there are two main categories: personal and professional. While both types aim to provide insight into an individual’s character, skills, and work ethic, there are key differences that set them apart. Understanding these differences can help ensure that you use the right type of reference letter for your specific situation.

A. Differences Between Personal and Professional Reference Letters

One of the most significant differences between personal and professional reference letters is the purpose they serve. Personal reference letters are typically requested by individuals who are hoping to secure a job, obtain an apartment, or apply for a loan. In contrast, professional reference letters are requested by organizations or companies looking to gain insight into a candidate’s suitability for a particular role.

Another key difference between the two is the relationship between the person writing the letter and the candidate. Personal reference letters are written by individuals who know the candidate on a personal level. These letters often emphasize the candidate’s personal qualities, such as their integrity, character, and sense of responsibility. Professional reference letters, on the other hand, are typically written by someone who has worked with the candidate in a professional capacity. These letters focus on the candidate’s skills, work experience, and ability to perform in a specific job.

Finally, personal and professional reference letters may differ in terms of tone and format. Personal reference letters are often more informal in tone and may include personal anecdotes or stories about the candidate. Professional reference letters, on the other hand, are typically more formal and structured, following a business letter format.

B. Which One to Use When?

Knowing when to use a personal reference letter versus a professional reference letter can be critical. For example, if you are looking to rent an apartment or apply for a loan, a personal reference letter from someone who knows you on a personal level may carry more weight than a professional reference letter. Similarly, if you are applying for a job, a professional reference letter from a former employer or supervisor is likely to be more valuable than a personal reference letter.

It is essential to consider the context in which the reference letter will be used and to choose the type of letter that will be most effective in that context. If you have any doubt about which type of letter to use, it may be helpful to speak to the person or organization requesting the letter and ask for their guidance.

Understanding the differences between personal and professional reference letters and knowing when to use them can be critical in obtaining the desired outcome. Choosing the right type of letter and ensuring that it is well-written and presented can significantly increase the candidate’s chances of success.

When to Ask for a Personal Reference Letter?

If you are looking to bolster your job application, college or graduate school admissions profile, or your volunteer or community service profile, a personal reference letter is a powerful tool that can give you an edge over other applicants.

A. Job Applications

When applying for a job, it is becoming increasingly common for employers to require candidates to submit personal reference letters. These letters give your potential employer insight into your strengths, work ethic, and character. Make sure to choose references who can speak to these qualities and the relevance of your work experience to the job you’re applying for.

In addition, it’s important to give your references sufficient notice and provide them with any necessary information about the job you’re applying for so that they can write a letter that speaks directly to the hiring manager’s needs.

B. College or Graduate School Admissions

For college or graduate school applications, personal reference letters are invaluable. Schools are looking for students who are well-rounded, committed, and able to contribute positively to their academic community. A reference letter can speak to your academic achievements, leadership skills, and commitment to community service.

It is important to carefully choose who you ask to write your reference letter. Your references must be able to speak to your academic abilities and potential, so be sure to choose people who know you well in this context.

C. Volunteer or Community Service

Volunteering or participating in community service can be a fantastic way to gain experience and skills, and can also be an excellent addition to your resume. Personal reference letters are a great way to build your profile within your chosen community and demonstrate your dedication and commitment.

When asking for a reference letter for your community service involvement, choose references who can speak to your level of involvement, the impact you had on the organization, and the quality of your work. Make sure to provide them with any necessary information about the organization and the work you did.

Personal reference letters can be a powerful tool in building your resume, and in making a compelling case for your abilities as a candidate. By choosing your references carefully, providing them with the necessary information they require, and thanking them for their help, you can ensure that your personal reference letters have the impact you need to succeed.

Personal Reference Letter FAQ

A. what should be included in the personal reference letter.

A personal reference letter serves as a written testimony of an individual’s character, abilities, and accomplishments. Therefore, it must provide a clear and concise overview of the individual’s strengths and qualifications. Here are some essential elements that should be included in a personal reference letter:

1. Introduction

The letter should begin with a brief introduction that explains the purpose of the letter and the relationship of the writer with the individual. This section should provide context and set the tone for the entire letter.

2. Description of the individual

The writer should provide a detailed description of the individual’s qualities, such as their character, abilities, and accomplishments. This section should highlight the key strengths and qualities that make the individual stand out and excel in their field.

3. Specific examples

The writer should provide specific examples of the individual’s achievements and how they’ve demonstrated their strengths and abilities. These examples should illustrate the individual’s character, work ethic, and skills.

4. Conclusion

The letter should end with a brief summary of the individual’s strengths and qualifications, and a statement of recommendation. The writer should express their confidence in the individual’s abilities and provide their contact information for further inquiries.

It’s important to note that personal reference letters should be honest and sincere. It’s also crucial to proofread and edit the letter carefully to ensure that it’s free of errors and conveys the intended message.

B. Personal Reference Letter Examples and Writing Tips

To help you write a compelling personal reference letter, here are some examples and writing tips:

1. Use a professional tone

The letter should be written in a professional tone and format. Avoid using informal language or overly emotional expressions.

2. Be specific

Provide specific examples of the individual’s strengths and accomplishments. Use concrete details to illustrate their skills and qualities.

3. Customize the letter

Tailor the letter to the specific purpose and context of the individual’s application. For example, if the individual is applying for a job, focus on their job-related skills and experiences.

4. Be positive

Highlight the individual’s positive qualities and avoid negative comments or criticisms. The letter should be a positive endorsement of the individual’s abilities.

5. Include your credentials

Include your name, job title, and contact information in the letter. This provides credibility to your recommendation and enables the recipient to contact you for further inquiries.

By following these tips and guidelines, you can write an effective and persuasive personal reference letter that highlights the individual’s strengths, accomplishments, and potential.

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• Writing a Professional Job Description: Examples and Tips
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How to Write a Personal Reference Letter (Template Included)

Mike Simpson 0 Comments

By Mike Simpson

The personal reference letter is a surprisingly tricky beast. If you’re asked to write one, you may wonder, “What should I even talk about?” and “How do I put one of these things together in a way that’ll help them land the job?”

Well, luckily, it isn’t as rough as it appears on the surface. As long as you know the person well and think they have something great to offer an employer, you can be an excellent personal reference. If you want to make sure you nail it, here’s what you need to know.

What Is a Personal Reference Letter?

Alright, before we dig into how to write a personal reference letter, let’s pause for a moment and talk about what one even is. Plus, it’s important to understand how personal references stand apart from professional ones.

Most people are familiar with the concept of the professional reference letter . Maybe you’ve asked a former boss for one or had the pleasure of writing one up for a colleague or employee. With those, the goal is for the letter writer to talk about how amazing the person is professionally. It’s all about highlighting their technical prowess, usually by sharing details about some relevant accomplishments or experiences.

However, not as many people have experience with the professional letter of reference’s counterpart: the personal reference letter.

So, what is a personal reference? In the simplest terms, it’s a reference from someone who has a relationship with the person but not necessarily in a workplace context.

Also called a character reference , these seals of approval don’t always discuss how the person slays at their job. Instead, personal references focus more on their personality traits.

How can a personal reference help you get a job? Well, that depends. In some cases, personal references are a required part of the application process. However, even if they aren’t, they can be helpful. This is especially true for people who are new to the workforce and don’t have much (if any) professional experience.

Usually, personal reference letters put the person’s personality traits on display. It’s also great for highlighting soft skills, as people put those to work every day, both at work and outside of professional settings.

Generally speaking, if you’re asked to write a personal reference letter, what the person wants is an overview of their stellar personality. However, they also want it to be in a way that relates to the job they want to land.

Ultimately, that’s what writing personal references is all about. You want to explain why and how the person’s personality and traits will help them sparkle in the role. And, considering that some corporate job openings attract 250 resumes , anything that makes it easier for a candidate to stand out matters.

Common Mistakes When Writing a Personal Reference Letter and How to Avoid Them

As with all things job search-related, certain mistakes can derail a candidate’s application. Make sure your letter isn’t the thing that sends someone close to you to the discard pile.

Overall, the goal of a personal reference letter is to make sure the candidate stands out for all of the right reasons. Usually, only 12 percent of applicants actually land an interview, so you need to make sure the content of the letter you write puts the person into that 12 percent.

How do you do that? By avoiding missteps.

First, as your parents likely told you, if you don’t have anything nice to say, don’t say anything at all. You should only offer a character reference if you, well, like the person you’re talking about. If you don’t think that person is the bee’s knees, it’s better to decline writing the letter entirely.

Second, make sure you introduce yourself to the letter reader. The recipient needs to know why your opinion matters, so give them an overview of who you are, how you know the person, and how long you’ve known each other.

Also, avoid both generalizing and exaggeration. Honesty is the best policy. Now, this doesn’t mean you can’t focus on the positive, just that your assessment needs to be fair and accurate.

Finally, don’t overlook the importance of spelling, grammar, and formatting. Your personal reference letter needs to be a pleasure to read. If it’s full of mistakes, a giant wall of text, or otherwise hard to review, you’re not helping the person.

How to Write a Personal Reference Letter

1. request an overview.

Once you’re ready to start writing that character reference, spend a few minutes finding out about the job the person wants to land. That gives you an idea of the kind of skills and traits you should discuss.

For example, is the person trying to boost their customer service resume by submitting the letter to the hiring manager? Then talk about how they are outgoing, friendly, and excellent with verbal communication. Those traits are important in customer service, so they are worth mentioning.

If you aren’t sure what to include, ask for a copy of the job description. You could also ask the person what traits they’d like you to talk about or if there’s anything specific they’d like you to include. That should give you enough intel to get you started.

2. Choose the Right Greeting

While you can always go with the generic “To Whom It May Concern,” if you have an idea of who will read the letter, why not go with something more specific? If you know the hiring manager’s name, use it. If not, try “Dear Hiring Manager” instead.

Personalizing the greeting lets the reader know that the letter is meant for one purpose. And that can actually make a difference.

3. Make It Clear That It’s a Recommendation

When you start the letter, let the reader know that what you’re writing is a recommendation. In fact, you should mention that in the first sentence. That way, your intentions are clear right from the beginning.

4. Explain Who You Are

After you’ve opened with the fact that you’re recommending the person, it’s time to explain why the hiring manager should care about your opinion. Let them know who you are, and how you know the person, giving them critical context about the nature of the relationship.

5. Provide a Solid Overview

With the introduction out of the way, it’s time to talk about how amazing the person you’re recommending is. Give a great overview, highlighting a few relevant traits that you really admire about the person.

Touch on several, preferably ones that are in the job ad’s must-have list or are obviously important for the role. Don’t worry about going into detail yet. This part of the letter is all about packing a punch quickly.

6. It’s Anecdote Time

After you’ve talked about how exceptional the person is by listing their standout traits, it’s time to back that up with an example or two. Give the reader an anecdote that highlights why you included those traits in your letter.

Usually, you want to tell a great story while also being brief. It only takes a paragraph or two to handle this part, so resist the urge to go further than that.

7. Call Me Maybe

As you move on to the closing paragraph, leave the door open for more discussion. Let the hiring manager know you’d be happy to answer more questions, and include your contact details. That way, if the hiring manager would like to learn more, they know they can reach out.

8. Sign Off

Once you finish that up, it’s time to sign off. A simple “Sincerely” is usually enough, followed by your name, email address, and phone number.

9. Review the Letter

After the sign-off, you probably thought you were done. Well, not quite. Instead, you need to spend a few minutes looking for any mistakes.

You can start by taking advantage of any built-in language tools, like spelling and grammar checks. If you want to go the extra mile, take the letter and paste it into a text-to-speech program. Usually, it’s really easy to hear a mistake that way, making it simple to catch missteps you may have overlooked along the way.

Personal Reference Letter Template

If you’re looking for a personal reference letter sample that you can use as a template, we’ve got your back. We’re about to hit you with a great example, one that you can use to help you navigate creating your own personal reference letter.

Here’s a personal reference example to get you started:

Dear Hiring Manager,

I strongly recommend John Doe for the customer service position at XYZ Company. I’ve known John for eight years, both as students at ABC High School and as a colleague while volunteering with a local charity. Not only do I consider him an exceptional friend, but I also believe his traits are a great match for the role. John is patient, friendly, and outgoing, and his verbal communication skills are top-notch.

During our time together, I have had the pleasure of working with John on a variety of school projects, as well as some volunteer endeavors. When it comes to working as part of a team, John is exceptional. He’s always open to the input of others, though he isn’t afraid to contribute his ideas. Plus, he wants to make sure that everyone gets to work toward joint goals, ensuring every team member gets a chance to shine.

I highly recommend John for the customer service position and feel he would be an asset to your team. If you have any questions, I would be happy to answer them. Please feel free to call me at 555-555-5555 or email me at [email protected].

555-555-5555

[email protected]

Putting It All Together

Ultimately, writing a personal reference letter doesn’t have to be a challenge. In fact, it can be a joy, particularly if you genuinely want to help someone close to you excel. Just make sure to use the tips and personal reference letter sample above to your benefit. That way, you can nail every one you write.

Co-Founder and CEO of TheInterviewGuys.com. Mike is a job interview and career expert and the head writer at TheInterviewGuys.com.

His advice and insights have been shared and featured by publications such as Forbes , Entrepreneur , CNBC and more as well as educational institutions such as the University of Michigan , Penn State , Northeastern and others.

Learn more about The Interview Guys on our About Us page .

About The Author

Mike simpson.

Co-Founder and CEO of TheInterviewGuys.com. Mike is a job interview and career expert and the head writer at TheInterviewGuys.com. His advice and insights have been shared and featured by publications such as Forbes , Entrepreneur , CNBC and more as well as educational institutions such as the University of Michigan , Penn State , Northeastern and others. Learn more about The Interview Guys on our About Us page .

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How to Write a Reference Letter (Template & Examples)

By Ammar Ahmed

Published: January 29, 2024

A reference letter serves as a formal endorsement of an individual’s skills, character, and achievements, typically penned by a former employer, colleague, or academic mentor. 

This guide aims to empower professionals with the tools and knowledge to craft effective reference letters, combining best practices with practical templates to streamline this essential task.

Types of Reference Letters

Understanding the different types of reference letters is crucial for professionals, as each type caters to specific contexts and highlights various aspects of an individual’s profile. Below, we explore three key types: Professional, Academic, and Character Reference Letters.

Professional Reference Letters

Professional reference letters are written by a previous employer, supervisor, or professional colleague. They focus on the applicant’s work experience, skills, and professional achievements. These letters are often required during job applications or for career advancement opportunities. 

These letters should detail the individual’s role, responsibilities, key accomplishments, and work ethic. It’s essential to mention specific instances where the individual demonstrated their skills and contributed to the organization’s success.

Related Article: Who to Use for Professional References 

Academic Reference Letters

Academic reference letters are typically requested for educational pursuits, such as college admissions, scholarships, or academic awards. Written by teachers, professors, or academic advisors, these letters highlight the individual’s academic achievements, intellectual capabilities, and potential for future success in their field of study. 

They should reflect on the individual’s academic performance, participation in class, and any notable projects or research work. This type of letter often emphasizes the individual’s dedication, curiosity, and ability to overcome academic challenges.

Character Reference Letters

Character reference letters focus primarily on the personal attributes of an individual. They are usually written by someone who knows the person well but is not a family member, such as a mentor, family friend, or community leader. 

These letters are particularly important when assessing an individual’s suitability for a role that requires a high degree of trust and integrity. They should provide insights into the individual’s character, values, and behaviors, illustrating how these traits have been beneficial in various situations.

Related Article : How Many References Should You Have? 

Letter of Recommendation Examples

In crafting a letter of recommendation, it’s essential to tailor the content to the specific needs and strengths of the individual. Whether it’s for a professional role, character assessment, or a remote work position, each letter should effectively highlight the candidate’s unique qualities and contributions. 

These examples are designed to provide a clear understanding of how to articulate a candidate’s abilities and achievements in a manner that resonates with the recipient, ensuring the letter is both compelling and relevant to the candidate’s desired opportunity.

Professional Employment Reference Letter

Taylor Robinson Hiring Committee Chair Innovatech Solutions 321 Future St. Techville, TV 32167 April 5, 2024

Dear Mr./Ms. Robinson,

It is with great enthusiasm that I recommend Laura Smith for the position of Project Manager at Innovatech Solutions. As the Senior Director of Project Management at TechGenius, I had the privilege of observing Laura’s professional growth and remarkable contributions over her four-year tenure as an Assistant Project Manager.

Laura’s standout achievement was her leadership in the “GreenTech Initiative” project in 2020. Under her guidance, the project not only met but exceeded its objectives, achieving a 30% increase in energy efficiency for our client’s products. Her strategic planning, combined with her ability to seamlessly integrate new technology into existing systems, was critical to the project’s success. Laura’s innovative approach and meticulous attention to detail were instrumental in securing a 15% grant for future sustainability projects for TechGenius.

Beyond her technical skills, Laura’s interpersonal abilities truly set her apart. Her team leadership and conflict resolution skills were pivotal during challenging project phases, ensuring team cohesion and maintaining client satisfaction. Her mentorship of junior staff members has left a lasting positive impact on our department.

I am confident that Laura will bring the same level of exceptional performance, dedication, and innovation to the Project Manager role at Innovatech Solutions. Her blend of strategic foresight, technical expertise, and leadership ability makes her an excellent fit for your team. I strongly recommend her for this position and believe she will be a valuable asset to your organization.

Please feel free to contact me for any further information or clarification.

John Doe Senior Director of Project Management, TechGenius [email protected] +1 555 123 4567

Character Reference Letter for a Coworker

Jane Doe Human Resources Manager Green Earth Initiatives 123 Business Rd. Business City, BC 12345 January 1, 2024

Dear Ms. Doe,

I am writing to express my wholehearted support for Emily Johnson’s application for the Community Outreach Coordinator position at Green Earth Initiatives. As Emily’s coworker at Design & Innovate Corp for over five years, I have had the privilege of witnessing her exceptional character and dedication to community service.

Emily has always been more than just a proficient graphic designer ; she is a driving force for positive change within our community. One of her most notable contributions was her volunteer work with the local “Food for All” campaign, where she not only designed impactful promotional materials but also played a crucial role in organizing community food drives. Her efforts helped raise awareness and significant donations for the cause, demonstrating her compassion and commitment to helping those in need.

What truly sets Emily apart is her genuine empathy and integrity. She often takes the initiative to support new team members and creates an inclusive and welcoming work environment. Her ability to connect with people from diverse backgrounds, combined with her strong ethical values, makes her an outstanding role model and team player.

Emily’s passion for community engagement, along with her innate ability to inspire and mobilize people toward a common goal, makes her an ideal candidate for the Community Outreach Coordinator role. I am confident that her exceptional interpersonal skills and dedication to social causes will enable her to excel in this position and make a meaningful impact at Green Earth Initiatives.

Please do not hesitate to contact me if you require any further information or insights regarding Emily’s character and abilities.

Warm regards,

David Thompson Senior Graphic Designer, Design & Innovate Corp [email protected] +1 555 678 9101

Remote Work Employment Reference Letter

Alex Martinez Hiring Manager VirtualTech Inc 456 Justice Ave. Law City, LC 45678 March 10, 2024

Dear Attorney Martinez,

I am delighted to recommend Mark Benson for the position of Lead Software Engineer at VirtualTech Inc. As the CTO of NetSolutions, where Mark has been working remotely for the past three years, I have had ample opportunity to observe his exceptional technical abilities and adaptability to the remote working model.

During his tenure with us, Mark was instrumental in developing our flagship product, CloudSync, a complex cloud storage solution. His technical expertise, particularly in cloud computing and cybersecurity, was vital in overcoming the project’s significant challenges. Despite the remote setting, Mark’s consistent communication and collaboration were standout qualities. He regularly led virtual team meetings and coding sessions, ensuring that all team members, regardless of their location, were aligned and engaged.

What impresses me most about Mark is his self-motivation and time management skills, crucial in a remote work environment. He has an innate ability to prioritize tasks effectively and meet deadlines without compromising on the quality of work. His initiative to conduct weekly virtual training sessions for the team not only enhanced our collective skill set but also fostered a sense of community and teamwork among remote employees.

Mark’s blend of technical acumen, excellent communication, and leadership skills, along with his proven ability to thrive in a remote work environment, makes him an ideal candidate for VirtualTech Inc. I am confident that he will be a valuable asset to your team and contribute significantly to your company’s success in the digital realm.

Please feel free to contact me if you would like further information or specific examples of Mark’s work and achievements.

Susan Lee Chief Technology Officer , NetSolutions [email protected] +1 555 234 5678

What to Include in a Reference Letter

When composing a reference letter, it’s essential to include certain key elements to ensure the letter is effective and provides a comprehensive overview of the candidate’s qualifications.

These elements include:

1. Sender’s Information

The sender’s information is a critical component of any reference letter, as it establishes the credibility and authority of the person writing the letter.

This section should be clearly outlined at the top of the letter and include the following details:

• Name: The full name of the individual writing the reference letter.
• Title or Position: The professional title or position of the sender, which adds weight to the reference. This should be the current title or the one held while working with the individual being recommended.
• Company or Organization: The name of the company or organization where the sender is employed or affiliated.
• Contact Information: Including an address, phone number, and email address is crucial. It not only offers a means for the recipient to verify the information or seek further clarification but also demonstrates transparency and openness.

2. Recipient’s Information

• Name: The full name of the recipient. If the recipient’s name is not known, a general title or department can be used, such as “Hiring Manager” or “Admissions Committee.”
• Title or Position: Including the recipient’s professional title or position helps in directing the letter to the appropriate person, especially in large organizations where multiple individuals may be involved in the decision-making process.
• Company or Organization: The name of the company or organization where the recipient works. This acknowledges the professional setting into which the candidate is seeking entry or advancement.
• Address: The full postal address of the company or organization. 

3. Salutation

The salutation in a reference letter is more than just a formality; it sets the tone for the communication and shows respect for the recipient.

Here are key elements to consider:

• A Formal Greeting: Begin with a formal greeting such as “Dear,” which is universally recognized as professional and respectful.
• Addressing the Recipient: If you know the recipient’s name, use it directly after the greeting, e.g., “Dear Mr. Smith,” or “Dear Dr. Jones.” 
• Inclusive and Respectful Language: If the recipient’s name or gender is unknown, use a neutral and inclusive salutation like “Dear Hiring Manager,” “Dear Selection Committee,” or “To Whom It May Concern”. 

4. Opening Paragraph

The opening paragraph of a reference letter is pivotal in establishing the context of your relationship with the candidate and setting the stage for the endorsement to follow.

Here are some elements to include in this initial section:

• Introduce Yourself: Start by introducing yourself to give the recipient an understanding of who you are. Mention your name and your professional position or title, as this adds credibility to your recommendation.
• Your Relationship with the Candidate: Clearly state your professional or academic relationship with the person you are recommending. This could be as their supervisor, colleague, professor, or mentor.
• Duration of Relationship: Include how long you have known the individual. This time frame helps the recipient gauge the depth and extent of your experience with the candidate.
• Purpose of the Letter: Briefly mention the purpose of your letter – to recommend the individual for a specific position, program, or opportunity. This sets a clear context for the rest of your letter.

5. Body Paragraphs

The body paragraphs are the core of the reference letter, where you provide detailed insights into the candidate’s qualifications, skills, achievements, and character.

Here’s how to structure this section effectively:

• Specific Examples and Details: Use concrete examples to illustrate the person’s skills and qualifications. For instance, if you are highlighting their leadership skills, mention a specific project they led and the positive outcomes that resulted from it.
• Highlight Relevant Experiences and Accomplishments: Discuss experiences that directly relate to the position or opportunity the individual is pursuing. For example, if they’re applying for a managerial role focus on instances where they demonstrated effective management skills.
• Unique Qualities or Strengths: Point out any unique strengths or qualities that make the individual stand out. This could include exceptional problem-solving skills, innovative thinking, or a strong commitment to teamwork.
• Personal Anecdotes or Stories: Including a brief story or anecdote can make your letter more engaging and memorable. This could be an instance where the individual overcame a significant challenge or went above and beyond in their role.
• Balanced Perspective: While it’s important to focus on positive attributes, offering a balanced perspective can add authenticity to your letter. If appropriate, you can mention areas where the candidate has shown growth during your relationship.

Remember, the goal of these paragraphs is to provide a vivid picture of the candidate’s abilities and character. Well-chosen examples and stories make your endorsement more convincing and help the recipient understand why the individual is an excellent fit for the opportunity.

6. Closing Paragraph

The closing paragraph of a reference letter is where you encapsulate your overall recommendation and express your support for the individual.

Here are some elements to include:

• Summarize Key Points: Briefly restate the most important qualities, achievements, or skills of the candidate that you have highlighted in the letter. This reinforces your endorsement and reminds the reader of the candidate’s suitability for the position or opportunity.
• Express Your Strong Recommendation: Clearly state your confidence in the candidate and your belief in their suitability for the role or opportunity. Use affirmative language like, “I highly recommend,” or “I am confident that,” to leave no doubt about your support.
• Offer to Provide Further Information: Indicate your willingness to provide additional information or clarification if needed. This shows your genuine support and readiness to assist further in the candidate’s application process.
• Contact Information Reminder: Although your contact information is already at the top, a brief reminder here ensures that it is easily accessible for the reader, should they wish to follow up with you.

7. Closing Salutation

Here’s how to conclude your letter appropriately:

• Use a Professional Closing: Opt for a formal and universally accepted closing phrase. Common examples include “Sincerely,” “Best regards,” or “Yours truly.” 
• Consistency with the Tone: Ensure that the closing salutation matches the overall tone of your letter. If your letter is highly formal, a closing like “Sincerely” is appropriate. For a slightly less formal tone, “Best regards” can be a good choice.
• Space for Signature: If you are sending a hard copy or a scanned version of the letter, leave space for your handwritten signature above your typed name. This personal touch adds authenticity to the document.
• Typed Name and Title: Below the signature space, type your full name and title again. 

Related Article: When Do Employers Check References?

Reference Letter Template

This reference letter template is designed for professionals to easily adapt and customize according to the specific needs of the individual being recommended. Simply fill in the blanks and modify the text as necessary to suit your context.

[Your Name] [Your Title or Position] [Your Company or Organization] [Your Contact Information (Address, Phone Number, Email)] [Date]

[Recipient’s Name] [Recipient’s Title or Position] [Recipient’s Company or Organization] [Recipient’s Address]

Dear [Recipient’s Name],

I am writing to recommend [Candidate’s Full Name] for [Position/Opportunity/Program] at [Recipient’s Company/Organization/School]. As [Your Position] at [Your Company/Organization], I have had the pleasure of working with [Candidate’s Name] for [Duration of Relationship] and have witnessed [his/her/their] significant contributions first-hand.

[In this paragraph, provide specific examples of the candidate’s skills, achievements, and qualities. Mention a particular project or responsibility and the impact of their work. Highlight any unique attributes that set the candidate apart.]

[This paragraph should continue to build on the candidate’s qualifications. Include personal anecdotes or stories that illustrate their capabilities and character. Focus on how their contributions positively affected your team or organization.]

I am confident that [Candidate’s Name] will bring [his/her/their] remarkable [skills/qualities, such as leadership, creativity, dedication] to [Recipient’s Company/Organization/School]. [His/Her/Their] ability to [specific skill or contribution] makes [him/her/them] well-suited for [Position/Opportunity/Program]. I strongly endorse [his/her/their] candidacy and believe [he/she/they] will be a valuable addition to your [team/program/organization].

Please feel free to contact me at [Your Contact Information] if you require any further information or specific examples of [Candidate’s Name]’s work and achievements.

[Your Handwritten Signature (if applicable)]

[Your Typed Name] [Your Position]

Related Article: How to Provide References for a Job

Tips for Writing Letters of Recommendation

Crafting effective letters of recommendation requires a delicate balance of showcasing the candidate’s strengths, providing specific examples, and employing persuasive language. Here are some valuable tips to help you navigate the intricacies of this crucial task.

Quantify Achievements

When writing a letter of recommendation, it’s powerful to quantify the candidate’s achievements. Use specific figures and statistics to illustrate their accomplishments. For example, instead of saying “significantly increased sales,” specify “increased sales by 30% over six months.” This provides concrete evidence of their capabilities and makes their achievements more tangible and credible. Quantifying contributions also helps the recipient gauge the scale and impact of these accomplishments, offering a clearer picture of the candidate’s potential.

Connect to the Position or Opportunity

Tailor the letter to the specific position or opportunity the candidate is applying for. Highlight skills and experiences that are directly relevant to the job requirements or academic program. For instance, if the candidate is applying for a leadership role, emphasize their successful team management experiences. This shows that you understand what the role entails and have thoughtfully considered how the candidate’s skills and experiences make them a good fit, making your recommendation more relevant and persuasive.

Include Keywords

Identify important terms in the job listing or academic program description, such as “project management,” “analytical thinking,” or “creative problem-solving,” and weave them into your letter. This not only tailors the letter to the specific role but also ensures it passes through any automated screenings, increasing the chance that your recommendation will be read by decision-makers.

Leverage Technology for Reference Letter Management

Utilize technology platforms for efficient reference letter management. For example, online reference request platforms simplify the process of requesting, writing, storing, and submitting letters of recommendation. These tools often offer templates, reminders, and the ability to submit letters directly to institutions or employers. 

Leveraging such technology can streamline the process, ensuring timely submission and organization of your reference letters, while also offering a secure way to manage sensitive personal information contained within these documents.

Related Article: Reference Check Questions

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Personal Recommendation Letter Examples

What Is a Personal Recommendation?

Who to ask for a recommendation, how to ask for a personal reference, what to include in your letter.

• Writing Recommendation Letters
• Personal Reference Letter Template

After You Send the Reference

Maddy Price / The Balance

What's a personal recommendation letter? When do you need one, and how should you write it? Writing a personal recommendation letter or character reference can be a challenge. After all, these letters are generally required for important opportunities or big life events, such as getting a new job, buying a home, or gaining admission to a program or school.

Tailoring the letter's content to highlight the applicant's specific qualities and experiences is crucial for making a compelling recommendation. Below, you'll find tips and insights to help write or secure an impactful recommendation letter, along with samples of strong letters to consider.

A personal recommendation , sometimes called a character reference, comes from someone who knows you personally, rather than knowing you professionally from a current or former job. Jobs often require professional recommendations; however, if you're new to the job market, you might not have many established professional connections who can vouch for your abilities. In such instances, personal references can still shed light on your work ethic and potential contributions.

Personal recommendations and  character reference  letters can be written by teachers, neighbors, business acquaintances, clients, vendors, and other recommenders who can attest to an applicant's skills and abilities.

If you’re the person requesting a reference, be sure to provide the writer with clear instructions on what information you need them to include, and give them a resume or list of your skills and experiences. You might send a letter sample to the writer to help guide their own letter. Here's advice on how to ask someone to give you a reference .

A personal reference letter should provide information on who you are, your connection with the person you are recommending, why they are qualified, and the  specific skills  they have that you are endorsing. It should also include specific examples of times they demonstrated these skills. Review this template for ideas and suggestions on what to write and how to provide a compelling reference:

When writing a character reference letter, include a salutation (Dear Dr. Jones, Dear Ms. Matthews, etc.). If you are writing a general letter, say " To Whom It May Concern " or don't include a salutation and simply start with the first paragraph of the letter.

Paragraph 1

The first paragraph of the character reference letter explains how you know the person you are recommending and why you are qualified to write a  recommendation letter  for employment, college, or graduate school.

Paragraph 2

The second paragraph of a reference letter contains specific information on the person you are writing about, including why they are qualified, what they can contribute, and why you are providing a reference letter. Use specific examples of times the person demonstrated these skills or qualities. If necessary, use more than one paragraph to provide details.

This section of the reference letter contains a brief summary of why you are recommending the person. State that you "highly recommend" the person, "recommend [them] without reservation," or something similar.

The concluding paragraph of a reference letter contains an offer to provide more information. Include a phone number and/or email address within the paragraph, as well as the return address section of your letter (for hard copy letters) or in your signature (for emails).

Signature (hard copy letter)

Your Name Title

If you're sending an email recommendation, list your contact information in your signature.

Tips on Writing Personal Recommendation Letters

A recommendation letter should be tailored to both the person being recommended and the position or responsibilities involved.

It's important to tailor your letter to fit the particular person you are recommending and to incorporate the information he or she asks you to include. Be sure to focus on how the person is qualified. Sharing examples is a good way to show what the person can accomplish.

Your letter should describe how you know the person and explain why you’re recommending them.

• Think carefully before saying yes.  Only say you will write the recommendation if you can recommend the person without reservation. If you're asked to write a reference and don't feel comfortable giving one, it's appropriate to politely decline  the request for a reference.
• Follow a business letter format.  Use the official business letter format  when writing your letter. If time is of the essence, you might consider sending a  recommendation email  instead of a letter. Review this list of the information that should be included in a recommendation letter.
• Focus on the job description.  Ask the person for whom you’re writing the letter for a copy of the job description. This way, you can focus on the requirements of the position. Try to include language from the job description in your letter. Even if you are writing a more general recommendation, you can still ask the person about the types of jobs they will be applying for.
• Explain how you know the person , and for how long. Begin your letter with this basic information. If you have known the person for a long time, be sure to emphasize this.
• Focus on one or two traits.  In the body of your letter, focus on one or two qualities that make this person a good fit for the job or opportunity. Provide specific examples of ways in which the person has demonstrated these various traits in the past.
• Remain positive.  State that you think this person is a strong candidate. You might say something like, “I recommend this person without reservation.” You want to help this candidate stand out from the other applicants.
• Share your contact information.  Provide a way for the employer to contact you if they have further questions. Include your email address, telephone number, or both at the end of the letter.
• Follow the submission guidelines.  Ask the person for whom you’re writing the letter how to submit it. Make sure you follow any requirements, especially about where and when to send it and its requested format (for example, PDF, physical letter, etc.). If there is a submission deadline, be sure to submit it before the due date.

Also, review  how to write a reference letter for a friend if you're writing a personal letter.

Here are samples of personal reference letters you can use as a starting point for your correspondence:

• Character Reference Letter
• Personal Reference Letter for a Friend
• More Personal Reference Letter Samples

If an application asks you to list references, be sure to ask permission before putting someone's name down. Here’s a sample letter you can use for your request:

• Letter Requesting Permission to Use a Reference

Personal Reference Letter Template

This is a personal reference letter example. Download the personal reference letter template (compatible with Google Docs and Word Online), or see below for more examples.

Personal Reference Letter Sample (Text Version)

Elizabeth Smith 1 Oak Street Anytown, CA 99999 555-555-5555 elizabeth.smith@email.com

March 10, 2024

Jane Jones Human Resources Acme Corp 10 Main Street Anytown, CA 99999

Dear Ms. Jones,

It’s my pleasure to offer my unreserved recommendation for Megan Brown for the position of intern at Acme Corp.

I’ve known Megan for over 20 years, having lived next door to her since she was a child. She’s always demonstrated responsibility and entrepreneurial spirit. When she was a teenager, she started a snow shoveling business in our neighborhood and wound up managing a team of five other kids from the street. I’m fairly certain they pulled in enough money to buy their own plow… if any of them had been old enough to operate it.

Since then, I’ve watched with interest as she’s pursued her education and interest in business. Of course, you know from her transcripts and professional recommendations that she’s been unusually successful throughout her early career, but what you might not know is the joy she gets from solving problems and making business ideas work. It’s truly inspiring to see her tackle something and make it a success.

Megan would be an asset to any organization, but I know that she has a particular passion for your company. I’d be happy to answer any questions or discuss my recommendation further. Please feel free to call me at 555-555-5555.

Elizabeth Smith (signature for hard copy)

Elizabeth Smith

Once you've mailed, emailed, or uploaded your reference letter, let the person you're writing it for know that it's been submitted. 

If someone wrote you a reference, don't forget to send a thank-you note or email to your reference providers.

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• Knowledge Base
• Applying to graduate school
• How to Write Your Personal Statement | Strategies & Examples

How to Write Your Personal Statement | Strategies & Examples

Published on February 12, 2019 by Shona McCombes . Revised on July 3, 2023.

A personal statement is a short essay of around 500–1,000 words, in which you tell a compelling story about who you are, what drives you, and why you’re applying.

To write a successful personal statement for a graduate school application , don’t just summarize your experience; instead, craft a focused narrative in your own voice. Aim to demonstrate three things:

• Your personality: what are your interests, values, and motivations?
• Your talents: what can you bring to the program?
• Your goals: what do you hope the program will do for you?

This article guides you through some winning strategies to build a strong, well-structured personal statement for a master’s or PhD application. You can download the full examples below.

Urban Planning Psychology History

Table of contents

Getting started with your personal statement, the introduction: start with an attention-grabbing opening, the main body: craft your narrative, the conclusion: look ahead, revising, editing, and proofreading your personal statement, frequently asked questions, other interesting articles.

Before you start writing, the first step is to understand exactly what’s expected of you. If the application gives you a question or prompt for your personal statement, the most important thing is to respond to it directly.

For example, you might be asked to focus on the development of your personal identity; challenges you have faced in your life; or your career motivations. This will shape your focus and emphasis—but you still need to find your own unique approach to answering it.

There’s no universal template for a personal statement; it’s your chance to be creative and let your own voice shine through. But there are strategies you can use to build a compelling, well-structured story.

The first paragraph of your personal statement should set the tone and lead smoothly into the story you want to tell.

Strategy 1: Open with a concrete scene

An effective way to catch the reader’s attention is to set up a scene that illustrates something about your character and interests. If you’re stuck, try thinking about:

• A personal experience that changed your perspective
• A story from your family’s history
• A memorable teacher or learning experience
• An unusual or unexpected encounter

To write an effective scene, try to go beyond straightforward description; start with an intriguing sentence that pulls the reader in, and give concrete details to create a convincing atmosphere.

Strategy 2: Open with your motivations

To emphasize your enthusiasm and commitment, you can start by explaining your interest in the subject you want to study or the career path you want to follow.

Just stating that it interests you isn’t enough: first, you need to figure out why you’re interested in this field:

• Is it a longstanding passion or a recent discovery?
• Does it come naturally or have you had to work hard at it?
• How does it fit into the rest of your life?
• What do you think it contributes to society?

Tips for the introduction

• Don’t start on a cliche: avoid phrases like “Ever since I was a child…” or “For as long as I can remember…”
• Do save the introduction for last. If you’re struggling to come up with a strong opening, leave it aside, and note down any interesting ideas that occur to you as you write the rest of the personal statement.

Once you’ve set up the main themes of your personal statement, you’ll delve into more detail about your experiences and motivations.

To structure the body of your personal statement, there are various strategies you can use.

Strategy 1: Describe your development over time

One of the simplest strategies is to give a chronological overview of key experiences that have led you to apply for graduate school.

• What first sparked your interest in the field?
• Which classes, assignments, classmates, internships, or other activities helped you develop your knowledge and skills?
• Where do you want to go next? How does this program fit into your future plans?

Don’t try to include absolutely everything you’ve done—pick out highlights that are relevant to your application. Aim to craft a compelling narrative that shows how you’ve changed and actively developed yourself.

My interest in psychology was first sparked early in my high school career. Though somewhat scientifically inclined, I found that what interested me most was not the equations we learned about in physics and chemistry, but the motivations and perceptions of my fellow students, and the subtle social dynamics that I observed inside and outside the classroom. I wanted to learn how our identities, beliefs, and behaviours are shaped through our interactions with others, so I decided to major in Social Psychology. My undergraduate studies deepened my understanding of, and fascination with, the interplay between an individual mind and its social context.During my studies, I acquired a solid foundation of knowledge about concepts like social influence and group dynamics, but I also took classes on various topics not strictly related to my major. I was particularly interested in how other fields intersect with psychology—the classes I took on media studies, biology, and literature all enhanced my understanding of psychological concepts by providing different lenses through which to look at the issues involved.

Strategy 2: Own your challenges and obstacles

If your path to graduate school hasn’t been easy or straightforward, you can turn this into a strength, and structure your personal statement as a story of overcoming obstacles.

• Is your social, cultural or economic background underrepresented in the field? Show how your experiences will contribute a unique perspective.
• Do you have gaps in your resume or lower-than-ideal grades? Explain the challenges you faced and how you dealt with them.

Don’t focus too heavily on negatives, but use them to highlight your positive qualities. Resilience, resourcefulness and perseverance make you a promising graduate school candidate.

Growing up working class, urban decay becomes depressingly familiar. The sight of a row of abandoned houses does not surprise me, but it continues to bother me. Since high school, I have been determined to pursue a career in urban planning. While people of my background experience the consequences of urban planning decisions first-hand, we are underrepresented in the field itself. Ironically, given my motivation, my economic background has made my studies challenging. I was fortunate enough to be awarded a scholarship for my undergraduate studies, but after graduation I took jobs in unrelated fields to help support my parents. In the three years since, I have not lost my ambition. Now I am keen to resume my studies, and I believe I can bring an invaluable perspective to the table: that of the people most impacted by the decisions of urban planners.

Strategy 3: Demonstrate your knowledge of the field

Especially if you’re applying for a PhD or another research-focused program, it’s a good idea to show your familiarity with the subject and the department. Your personal statement can focus on the area you want to specialize in and reflect on why it matters to you.

• Reflect on the topics or themes that you’ve focused on in your studies. What draws you to them?
• Discuss any academic achievements, influential teachers, or other highlights of your education.
• Talk about the questions you’d like to explore in your research and why you think they’re important.

The personal statement isn’t a research proposal , so don’t go overboard on detail—but it’s a great opportunity to show your enthusiasm for the field and your capacity for original thinking.

In applying for this research program, my intention is to build on the multidisciplinary approach I have taken in my studies so far, combining knowledge from disparate fields of study to better understand psychological concepts and issues. The Media Psychology program stands out to me as the perfect environment for this kind of research, given its researchers’ openness to collaboration across diverse fields. I am impressed by the department’s innovative interdisciplinary projects that focus on the shifting landscape of media and technology, and I hope that my own work can follow a similarly trailblazing approach. More specifically, I want to develop my understanding of the intersection of psychology and media studies, and explore how media psychology theories and methods might be applied to neurodivergent minds. I am interested not only in media psychology but also in psychological disorders, and how the two interact. This is something I touched on during my undergraduate studies and that I’m excited to delve into further.

Strategy 4: Discuss your professional ambitions

Especially if you’re applying for a more professionally-oriented program (such as an MBA), it’s a good idea to focus on concrete goals and how the program will help you achieve them.

• If your career is just getting started, show how your character is suited to the field, and explain how graduate school will help you develop your talents.
• If you have already worked in the profession, show what you’ve achieved so far, and explain how the program will allow you to take the next step.
• If you are planning a career change, explain what has driven this decision and how your existing experience will help you succeed.

Don’t just state the position you want to achieve. You should demonstrate that you’ve put plenty of thought into your career plans and show why you’re well-suited to this profession.

One thing that fascinated me about the field during my undergraduate studies was the sheer number of different elements whose interactions constitute a person’s experience of an urban environment. Any number of factors could transform the scene I described at the beginning: What if there were no bus route? Better community outreach in the neighborhood? Worse law enforcement? More or fewer jobs available in the area? Some of these factors are out of the hands of an urban planner, but without taking them all into consideration, the planner has an incomplete picture of their task. Through further study I hope to develop my understanding of how these disparate elements combine and interact to create the urban environment. I am interested in the social, psychological and political effects our surroundings have on our lives. My studies will allow me to work on projects directly affecting the kinds of working-class urban communities I know well. I believe I can bring my own experiences, as well as my education, to bear upon the problem of improving infrastructure and quality of life in these communities.

Tips for the main body

• Don’t rehash your resume by trying to summarize everything you’ve done so far; the personal statement isn’t about listing your academic or professional experience, but about reflecting, evaluating, and relating it to broader themes.
• Do make your statements into stories: Instead of saying you’re hard-working and self-motivated, write about your internship where you took the initiative to start a new project. Instead of saying you’ve always loved reading, reflect on a novel or poem that changed your perspective.

Your conclusion should bring the focus back to the program and what you hope to get out of it, whether that’s developing practical skills, exploring intellectual questions, or both.

Emphasize the fit with your specific interests, showing why this program would be the best way to achieve your aims.

Strategy 1: What do you want to know?

If you’re applying for a more academic or research-focused program, end on a note of curiosity: what do you hope to learn, and why do you think this is the best place to learn it?

If there are specific classes or faculty members that you’re excited to learn from, this is the place to express your enthusiasm.

Strategy 2: What do you want to do?

If you’re applying for a program that focuses more on professional training, your conclusion can look to your career aspirations: what role do you want to play in society, and why is this program the best choice to help you get there?

Tips for the conclusion

• Don’t summarize what you’ve already said. You have limited space in a personal statement, so use it wisely!
• Do think bigger than yourself: try to express how your individual aspirations relate to your local community, your academic field, or society more broadly. It’s not just about what you’ll get out of graduate school, but about what you’ll be able to give back.

You’ll be expected to do a lot of writing in graduate school, so make a good first impression: leave yourself plenty of time to revise and polish the text.

Your style doesn’t have to be as formal as other kinds of academic writing, but it should be clear, direct and coherent. Make sure that each paragraph flows smoothly from the last, using topic sentences and transitions to create clear connections between each part.

Don’t be afraid to rewrite and restructure as much as necessary. Since you have a lot of freedom in the structure of a personal statement, you can experiment and move information around to see what works best.

Finally, it’s essential to carefully proofread your personal statement and fix any language errors. Before you submit your application, consider investing in professional personal statement editing . For $150, you have the peace of mind that your personal statement is grammatically correct, strong in term of your arguments, and free of awkward mistakes.

A statement of purpose is usually more formal, focusing on your academic or professional goals. It shouldn’t include anything that isn’t directly relevant to the application.

A personal statement can often be more creative. It might tell a story that isn’t directly related to the application, but that shows something about your personality, values, and motivations.

However, both types of document have the same overall goal: to demonstrate your potential as a graduate student and s how why you’re a great match for the program.

The typical length of a personal statement for graduate school applications is between 500 and 1,000 words.

Different programs have different requirements, so always check if there’s a minimum or maximum length and stick to the guidelines. If there is no recommended word count, aim for no more than 1-2 pages.

If you’re applying to multiple graduate school programs, you should tailor your personal statement to each application.

Some applications provide a prompt or question. In this case, you might have to write a new personal statement from scratch: the most important task is to respond to what you have been asked.

If there’s no prompt or guidelines, you can re-use the same idea for your personal statement – but change the details wherever relevant, making sure to emphasize why you’re applying to this specific program.

If the application also includes other essays, such as a statement of purpose , you might have to revise your personal statement to avoid repeating the same information.

If you want to know more about college essays , academic writing , and AI tools , make sure to check out some of our other language articles with explanations, examples, and quizzes.

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• College essay style
• College essay length
• Diversity essays
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• Literature review
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• Thesis acknowledgements
• Burned or burnt
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• Gray or grey
• Theater vs theatre

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Personal Reference

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In this article

What is a personal reference.

A personal reference, often referred to simply as a "reference," is an individual who can vouch for a person's character, qualifications, and work history . Personal references are commonly sought by job seekers to provide potential employers with insights into their abilities and suitability for a particular role. These references can come from various aspects of a person's life, including professional, educational, or personal relationships.

Types of Personal References

• Professional References : These references are typically former supervisors, managers, or colleagues who have worked closely with the individual in a professional capacity. They can provide insights into the person's work ethic, skills, and performance in previous roles.
• Academic References : Academic references are often professors or teachers who can speak to a person's academic achievements, skills, and potential. These references are particularly relevant for recent graduates or those seeking positions that require specific educational qualifications.
• Personal References : Personal references may include friends, mentors, or individuals who have known the person in a personal capacity. While they may not provide professional insights, they can offer character references and speak to the person's personal qualities.
• Supplementary References : Supplementary references could be clients, customers, or business partners who have had a professional relationship with the individual. These references can offer a unique perspective on the person's business acumen and interpersonal skills.

Importance of Personal References in the Hiring Process

Personal references play a crucial role in the hiring process for both job seekers and employers. Understanding their significance is essential for making informed decisions:

For Job Seekers

• Validation of Qualifications : Personal references validate the qualifications and skills listed on a candidate's resume. They provide evidence of the candidate's abilities and expertise in a real-world context.
• Character Assessment : References can vouch for a candidate's character, integrity, and professionalism. Employers value insights into an individual's ethical standards and interpersonal skills.
• Differentiating Factor : Strong personal references can set a candidate apart from others. They demonstrate that the candidate has a track record of success and positive relationships in their previous roles.
• Confidence Boost : Knowing that they have supportive personal references can boost a candidate's confidence during interviews and throughout the job search process.

For Employers

• Objective Assessment : Personal references offer an additional perspective on a candidate's qualifications and character. They can help employers make more informed hiring decisions.
• Cultural Fit : References can provide insights into whether a candidate is likely to fit into the company's culture and work well with the existing team.
• Red Flags : Negative references or inconsistencies in feedback can serve as warning signs for employers. They may prompt further investigation or raise concerns about a candidate's suitability.
• Verification of Claims : Personal references help employers verify the accuracy of a candidate's claims on their resume and during interviews. This verification is essential for ensuring that a candidate meets the job requirements.

Personal references serve as valuable assets in the hiring process, offering a well-rounded view of a candidate's qualifications, character, and potential. Job seekers should carefully choose references who can provide strong endorsements, while employers should use reference checks as a tool for making informed hiring decisions.

How to Choose the Right Personal References?

Choosing the right personal references is a crucial step in the job application process. These references can significantly impact your chances of securing a job or finding the ideal candidate. In this section, we'll delve deeper into the process of selecting the right personal references and understanding their roles.

Identifying Suitable References

Selecting the right personal references involves more than just listing anyone you know. It's about identifying individuals who can genuinely vouch for your skills, character, and work experience. Let's explore some essential aspects of this:

• Relevance : Consider how relevant the potential reference is to the job you're applying for. Someone with knowledge of your skills and experience in the relevant field will provide a more meaningful reference.
• Professionalism : Your references should be professional contacts who can provide insights into your work ethic, attitude, and abilities. Former supervisors, colleagues, professors, and mentors are often excellent choices.
• Current vs. Past : Ideally, your references should include both current and past associates. Current colleagues can speak to your present abilities, while former supervisors can provide insights into your growth and development over time.

Understanding the Role of Personal References

Before approaching someone to be your reference, it's essential that both you and the potential reference understand the role they will play in the hiring process. Here's what you should consider:

• Inform and Seek Consent : Always inform potential references before listing them. Discuss the position you're applying for and the reasons you believe they are suitable references. Seek their consent, ensuring they are comfortable with being contacted.
• Expectations : Clarify what you expect from your references. Discuss the qualities or experiences you'd like them to highlight during reference checks. Providing them with context can help them provide more meaningful recommendations.
• Honesty : Emphasize the importance of honesty. References should provide an accurate assessment of your qualifications, even if it includes constructive feedback.

Considerations for HR Professionals

As an HR professional, you play a pivotal role in evaluating personal references provided by job candidates. Here are some additional considerations to keep in mind:

• Reference Relevance : Assess the relevance of the references provided by candidates. Ensure they align with the position's requirements and industry standards.
• Bias Awareness : Be mindful of potential bias in reference checks. Seek a balanced perspective by contacting a variety of references who can provide a well-rounded view of the candidate.
• Consistency : Encourage candidates to maintain consistency in the reference information they provide to different employers. Inconsistencies can raise concerns.

Considerations for Candidates

If you're a job seeker, your role in the personal reference process is critical. Here are some specific considerations to help you manage your personal references effectively:

• Seek Multiple References : Consider having a pool of potential references and choose the most relevant ones for each job application. This allows you to tailor your references to the specific position.
• Keep References Updated : Regularly update your references on your job search progress and any changes in your contact information. It's a professional courtesy that maintains a positive relationship.
• Provide Context : When you ask someone to be your reference, share your resume, the job description , and any specific skills or experiences you'd like them to emphasize. This helps them prepare and provide more relevant feedback during reference checks.
• Express Gratitude : Remember to express your gratitude to your references. A simple thank-you note or message can go a long way in maintaining a positive relationship.

Selecting the right personal references is a strategic process that involves thoughtful consideration, effective communication, and mutual understanding. By following these guidelines, you can ensure that your references positively contribute to your job search or hiring decisions.

How to Build Strong Relationships with Personal References?

Building and maintaining strong relationships with your personal references is essential. These relationships are built on trust and can greatly impact your job search or hiring process. In this section, we'll explore in-depth how to cultivate positive connections with your references and the role HR professionals play in nurturing these relationships.

Effective Communication

Effective communication with your personal references is key to maintaining a positive and mutually beneficial relationship. Here's how to ensure clear and open lines of communication:

• Regular Updates : Keep your references informed about your job search progress. Share information about the positions you're applying for, interview experiences, and any changes in your contact details. This allows them to stay in the loop and provide more relevant feedback when contacted by potential employers.
• Transparency : Be transparent about why you've chosen them as references and what you hope they will highlight during reference checks. Discuss your career goals and how their input can help you achieve them.
• Response Expectations : Let your references know when they might be contacted and by whom. This prepares them for reference calls and ensures they are available to provide feedback when needed.
• Thank-You Gestures : Express your gratitude regularly. A thank-you note, a small token of appreciation, or a heartfelt message can go a long way in showing your appreciation for their support.

Providing Necessary Information

To ensure your references can speak effectively on your behalf, it's important to provide them with the necessary information. Here's what you should share with your references:

• Resume : Give your references a copy of your resume. This document outlines your qualifications, work history, and skills, making it easier for them to provide accurate information.
• Job Descriptions : Share the job descriptions of the positions you're applying for. This helps your references understand the specific requirements of the roles and tailor their feedback accordingly.
• Key Points : Discuss with your references the key points you'd like them to emphasize during reference checks. These might include specific accomplishments, skills, or experiences that are particularly relevant to the position.

Maintaining a Positive Connection

Your relationship with personal references shouldn't be limited to job applications. Nurturing these connections can lead to mutually beneficial outcomes. Here's how to maintain a positive connection:

• Stay in Touch : Don't only reach out to your references when you need a recommendation. Check in periodically, ask about their professional endeavors, and show genuine interest in their well-being.
• Offer Support : If there's an opportunity, offer your support or assistance to your references. Networking is a two-way street, and providing assistance when you can strengthens your relationship.
• Feedback Loop : Encourage your references to provide feedback on your job search or career development. This can help you refine your approach and make necessary improvements.

HR's Role in Nurturing References

HR professionals can also play a crucial role in nurturing positive relationships with personal references. Here's how HR can contribute to this process:

• Clear Communication : HR should communicate with references clearly and professionally. Provide them with the information they need for reference checks, including the candidate's background and the job requirements.
• Feedback : After reference checks, HR can provide feedback to references on their performance. Constructive feedback can help references improve their recommendations.
• Confidentiality : Ensure that all communication with references is conducted with the utmost confidentiality. This builds trust and encourages references to provide candid feedback.
• Appreciation : Express appreciation to references for their time and effort. Recognize the role they play in the hiring process and thank them for their valuable input.

Building strong relationships with personal references is a collaborative effort that benefits both job seekers and HR professionals. Effective communication, transparency, and maintaining positive connections are the cornerstones of these relationships, leading to more successful job applications and hiring decisions.

How to Prepare Your Personal References?

Once you've selected the right personal references, the next step is to prepare them for their role in the hiring process. Effective preparation ensures that your references can provide accurate and positive feedback when contacted by potential employers. In this section, we'll delve into the details of preparing your personal references for success.

Obtaining Consent from References

Before listing someone as a reference, it's essential to obtain their consent. Here's how to approach this crucial step:

• Initiate a Conversation : Reach out to the potential reference in person or via a thoughtful email or message. Express your gratitude for their willingness to support you and explain why you believe they are a suitable reference.
• Explain the Process : Outline the reference-checking process, including who might contact them, the types of questions they may be asked, and the importance of their honest feedback.
• Confirm Availability : Ensure that the reference is available and willing to respond to reference check inquiries promptly. Discuss their preferred mode of communication, whether it's phone, email, or another method.
• Provide Contact Information : Share your contact information and the best times to reach you in case the reference needs to confirm details with you before responding to reference check inquiries.

Providing Reference Materials

Equipping your references with the necessary materials can help them provide more comprehensive and accurate information. Here's what you should share with your references:

• Resume : Furnish your references with an up-to-date copy of your resume. This document serves as a valuable reference point for them, helping them recall your qualifications and work history.
• Cover Letter : If applicable, share your cover letter with your references. It provides insights into your motivation for applying for the position and may contain additional details about your skills and experiences.
• Job Description : Provide your references with the job description of the position you're applying for. This helps them understand the specific requirements of the role and tailor their feedback accordingly.
• Key Achievements : Highlight specific achievements, skills, or experiences that you'd like your references to emphasize during reference checks. This guidance ensures that they focus on the most relevant information.

Guiding References on Key Points

To maximize the effectiveness of your references, it's beneficial to have a discussion about the key points you'd like them to highlight during reference checks:

• Strengths and Skills : Identify your key strengths and skills that align with the job you're pursuing. Discuss with your references how these strengths can be highlighted during reference check conversations.
• Relevant Experiences : Share specific work experiences that demonstrate your qualifications for the position. Encourage your references to cite real-life examples when discussing your capabilities.
• Cultural Fit : If applicable, emphasize the importance of cultural fit and how your values align with those of the prospective employer. This can be a critical factor in hiring decisions.
• Positive Attitude : Stress the importance of portraying you in a positive light. Encourage your references to express their genuine opinions while maintaining professionalism and positivity.

Ensuring Consistency in Information

Consistency in the information provided by your references is vital to building trust with potential employers. Here's how to ensure that the information remains consistent:

• Share Updated Information : Keep your references informed of any updates to your resume, job applications, or career achievements. This ensures that the information they provide remains current.
• Provide Context : Offer context regarding the job you're applying for and the specific skills or experiences the employer is seeking. This helps your references understand the relevance of their input.
• Open Communication : Maintain open lines of communication with your references throughout the job application process. Encourage them to reach out if they have questions or need additional information.
• Express Gratitude : Continue to express your appreciation for their support and willingness to be your reference. A positive and appreciative attitude can foster goodwill and encourage consistency.

Effective preparation of your personal references ensures that they are well-equipped to represent you positively during reference checks. It also demonstrates your professionalism and commitment to the job application process, increasing your chances of securing the desired position.

Common Mistakes to Avoid with Personal References

In the process of utilizing personal references for job applications or evaluating candidates , certain common mistakes can hinder the effectiveness of this crucial step. By understanding and avoiding these pitfalls, you can ensure that your references contribute positively to your job search or hiring decisions.

Failure to Notify References

One of the most significant mistakes you can make is failing to notify your references that they may be contacted. Here's why it's essential to keep them in the loop:

• Surprises Are Inconvenient : Springing a reference check on someone without prior notice can be highly inconvenient and may lead to rushed or less thoughtful responses.
• Loss of Trust : Failing to inform your references damages trust and may discourage them from providing references in the future. It's a breach of professional courtesy.
• Diminished Effectiveness : Unprepared references may not present your qualifications in the best light, potentially harming your chances of securing the job.

Pro Tip : Always reach out to your references before including them on your reference list. Explain the position you're applying for, provide context, and obtain their consent. Keep them updated on the progress of your job application.

Choosing Inappropriate References

Selecting the wrong individuals as references is another common mistake that can have adverse consequences. Here's why it's crucial to make suitable choices:

• Relevance Matters : Inappropriate references may not have the relevant insights into your skills or work experience, making their input less valuable to potential employers.
• Unprofessional Choices : Friends, family members, or references with a personal bias may not be perceived as objective or credible by potential employers.
• Negative Impact : Choosing an inappropriate reference can reflect poorly on your judgment and professionalism, potentially harming your job prospects.

Pro Tip : Choose references who can provide relevant and professional feedback. Focus on individuals who have worked closely with you and can speak knowledgeably about your qualifications and character.

Lack of Preparation

Both candidates and references should be adequately prepared for reference checks. Failing to prepare can lead to misunderstandings and less effective references:

• Inaccurate Information : If references are not informed about your job search or the positions you're applying for, they may provide outdated or inaccurate information.
• Missed Opportunities : Lack of guidance on key points means that references may overlook highlighting critical qualifications or experiences that could strengthen your candidacy.
• Unprofessional Image : Unprepared candidates may not provide references with the necessary materials, such as a current resume, which can reflect poorly on their organization and attention to detail.

Pro Tip : Candidates should provide their references with the essential materials, such as resumes and job descriptions, and discuss key points they want to emphasize during reference checks.

Overburdening References

Repeatedly using the same references for multiple job applications without considering their capacity can strain the relationship and diminish the quality of their recommendations:

• Burnout : Overburdened references may become fatigued or less enthusiastic about providing references, leading to less effective feedback.
• Diminished Impact : Using the same references for every application can make their feedback seem less genuine and tailored to the specific position.
• Professional Courtesy : It's important to respect your references' time and effort. Overburdening them may strain the relationship and harm your professional network.

Pro Tip : Maintain a pool of potential references and select the most relevant ones for each job application. This approach allows you to distribute the load and ensure that references are not overburdened. Express gratitude for their support and keep them updated on your progress.

How to Request and Handle Reference Checks?

Requesting and handling reference checks is a crucial phase in the hiring process. It involves both HR professionals and candidates working together to obtain valuable insights into a candidate's background and qualifications. Let's explore the details of this process:

HR's Approach to Reference Checks

HR professionals play a pivotal role in conducting reference checks. Here's a closer look at how they should approach this critical step:

• Contacting References : HR should initiate contact with the provided references. This typically involves sending an email or making a phone call to request their participation in the reference check process.
• Asking Relevant Questions : During reference checks, HR should ask questions that focus on the candidate's skills, work habits, and suitability for the role. Open-ended questions often yield more insightful responses.
• Documentation : HR should keep detailed records of reference check conversations. These records should include the date, time, questions asked, and the responses provided by the references. Documenting this information ensures consistency and transparency.
• Feedback and Evaluation : After completing reference checks, HR should evaluate the feedback obtained from references. Compare the information with the candidate's qualifications and interview performance to make informed hiring decisions.

Candidate's Role in Facilitating Reference Checks

As a candidate, your involvement in facilitating reference checks is crucial to the process. Here's how you can ensure a smooth and effective reference check:

• Providing Accurate Contact Information : Ensure that the contact information you've provided for your references is accurate and up to date. This prevents delays and ensures that HR can reach them easily.
• Preparing References : Inform your references when they might expect a reference check call or email. Share information about the position you're applying for and any specific skills or experiences you'd like them to highlight.
• Communication with References : Maintain open communication with your references throughout the reference check process. If they have any questions or need additional information, be responsive and helpful.
• Expressing Gratitude : Thank your references for their willingness to participate in the reference check process. A thank-you note or message is a simple but meaningful gesture of appreciation.

Dealing with Negative References

Encountering negative references can be challenging, but it's essential to handle them professionally and constructively:

• Evaluate the Feedback : Take the negative feedback into account and consider it alongside other factors. Assess whether the negative comments are valid or potentially biased.
• Seek Clarification : If you receive negative feedback from a reference, consider reaching out to the reference for clarification. Politely inquire about the specific concerns or issues raised.
• Provide Context : When responding to negative references, provide context and explanations for any concerns raised. Address any misconceptions or inaccuracies, if applicable.
• Additional References : If possible, offer additional references who can provide a more balanced perspective. Encourage potential employers to consider multiple viewpoints.

Legal Considerations in Reference Checks

HR professionals must be aware of legal considerations when conducting reference checks to ensure compliance and protect the rights of all parties involved:

• Defamation Laws : Be cautious not to make defamatory statements about candidates. Stick to the facts and avoid making subjective or potentially harmful comments.
• Privacy Regulations : Respect privacy regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Europe or the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the United States. Only collect and use necessary information for reference checks.
• Consistency : Apply reference check practices consistently across all candidates to avoid claims of discrimination or bias. Ensure that all candidates are subject to the same reference check process.
• Consent and Disclosure : Obtain proper consent from candidates to conduct reference checks. Inform them about the process and its purpose, and disclose any potential consequences of negative feedback.

Navigating the reference check process effectively requires a collaborative effort between HR professionals and candidates. Open communication, professionalism, and adherence to legal considerations are key elements of a successful reference check process that benefits both job seekers and employers.

How to Write a Personal Reference Letter?

Writing reference letters is an essential aspect of the hiring process, providing valuable insights into a candidate's qualifications and character. Whether you're an HR professional tasked with writing reference letters or a candidate requesting them, it's crucial to understand and implement best practices to ensure the letters are effective and impactful.

Guidelines for HR Professionals

As an HR professional, writing reference letters is a common responsibility. Here are some guidelines to follow when crafting reference letters for former employees:

• Be Factual : Reference letters should provide accurate and factual information about the employee's tenure, job responsibilities, and achievements. Avoid embellishment or exaggeration.
• Maintain Neutrality : Strive for a balanced and neutral tone in reference letters. Avoid overly positive or negative language, as extreme language can raise doubts about the letter's credibility.
• Seek Consent : Always obtain the employee's consent before writing a reference letter. Inform them of the purpose of the letter and ensure they are comfortable with your portrayal of their qualifications.
• Use a Professional Format : Format the reference letter professionally, with a clear and concise structure. Include your contact information, the date, a salutation, an introduction, specific details about the employee's performance, and a closing statement.
• Focus on Relevant Information : Highlight qualifications, skills, and experiences that are relevant to the job the employee is seeking. Tailor the content to match the requirements of the position.
• Avoid Discrimination : Be mindful of avoiding any discriminatory language or content in the reference letter. Stick to discussing job-related attributes and avoid personal characteristics.

Tips for Candidates Requesting Letters

If you're a job seeker requesting reference letters, follow these tips to ensure your letters are effective and supportive of your job applications:

• Choose Appropriate References : Select individuals who can provide strong and relevant endorsements. Consider people who have worked closely with you and can speak knowledgeably about your qualifications.
• Provide Guidance : Offer guidance to your references on key points you'd like them to address in the reference letter. Share the job description and highlight specific skills or experiences you'd like them to emphasize.
• Express Gratitude : Show appreciation to your references for their support and willingness to write reference letters on your behalf. A thank-you note or a personal message demonstrates your gratitude.
• Respect Timelines : Respect your references' time and deadlines. Provide ample notice when requesting a reference letter, and be considerate of their schedules when specifying when you need the letter.
• Follow Up : After you've requested a reference letter, follow up to confirm that it has been sent as requested. This ensures that your job applications are complete and submitted on time.

Crafting Compelling Reference Letters

Writing compelling reference letters that capture a candidate's qualifications and character effectively is essential. Here are some additional tips for crafting reference letters that stand out:

• Use Specific Examples : Provide specific examples of the candidate's accomplishments and contributions to illustrate their qualifications. Specificity adds credibility to the reference letter.
• Highlight Key Skills : Identify the candidate's key skills and strengths that align with the job they are applying for. Explain how these skills have benefited your organization.
• Provide Context : Offer context for the reader by explaining your relationship with the candidate and the circumstances under which you worked together. This helps potential employers understand the relevance of your recommendation.
• Be Concise : Keep the reference letter concise and to the point. Avoid unnecessary fluff or lengthy narratives. A well-structured, concise letter is more likely to be read thoroughly.
• Proofread and Edit : Ensure the reference letter is free of grammatical errors and typos. Proofread and edit the letter carefully before sending it to the candidate or potential employer.

Reference letters are powerful tools in the hiring process, and their quality can influence hiring decisions significantly. Following these best practices, whether you're an HR professional writing reference letters or a candidate requesting them, will help ensure that the letters effectively support the candidate's job applications.

Personal references are a vital part of the hiring process, providing valuable insights into a candidate's qualifications and character. Job seekers should choose references thoughtfully, seeking individuals who can genuinely vouch for their skills and professionalism. Effective communication, preparation, and gratitude are key to maintaining strong relationships with references.

For HR professionals, conducting reference checks is essential for making informed hiring decisions. Following best practices, including clear communication and legal considerations, ensures the process is fair and accurate. Crafting compelling reference letters and avoiding common mistakes benefits both candidates and employers. Personal references serve as trusted guides, helping candidates find their ideal job opportunities and employers make the right hires.

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• TABLE OF CONTENTS

Citing Sources

Although many personal statements will not include any citation of sources, in some cases—particularly if your work is in the sciences and you need to provide a brief literature review—you will need to cite sources at the end of your essay in a “References” section. Chapter 1 discusses the ethical concerns associated with source citation as you write personal essays (see "Student Writing and Ethics" section). To address the more practical problem of citation mechanics, below are ways to address common mechanics challenges:

• In the simplest terms, the two basic citation styles appropriate for personal essays can be referred to as the number system and author-year system. In the number system, a number is provided in the text corresponding to a numbered source cited fully at the essay’s end. In the author-year system, the writer provides the author and year of the source in parentheses after the corresponding text, then cites the source fully at the end of the essay in a references list alphabetized by authors’ last names.
• When you use a references section at the end of an essay, provide full bibliographic information for your sources—e.g., author, article title, book or journal title, relevant page numbers, and website address if relevant. Because the mechanics of citation vary slightly from one journal to the next, most writers model their references page on that of a respected journal in their field.
• For convenience in a personal essay, it is acceptable to cite sources—especially if you use just one or two—in numbered footnote form at the bottom of the page. However, if you have more than a few sources, a separate section entitled “References” at the end of the essay is best.
• Sometimes, rather than a formal footnote or end citation, a contextual narrative citation will be sufficient if you are using a well-known quote or paraphrase (“Einstein said that imagination is more important than knowledge”) or attributing authorship and context directly (“As stated in a funding proposal authored by our research group, the hypothesis for my thesis research is . . .”).
• If you include figures or tables taken or adapted from a published source, cite the source directly in the figure or table caption, using the same citation style employed throughout the essay.

To see the above tips in action, browse through the sample essays in the later chapters of this manual, where you will find ample evidence of how other writers met their source citation challenges. For further detail about source citation practices, you can also go to Chapter 5 of the manual Style for Students Online .

For discipline-specific examples of citation form, turn to these two URLs:

“Research and Documentation Online” (download) from popular style guide author Diana Hacker

“Write & Cite: Writing Resources: Citing” article from San Antonio College

When, Why, and How to Use Personal References in a Job Search

Wouldn’t it be great if you could walk into your ideal company, tell them about yourself , and score your dream job right on the spot? Unfortunately, a job search takes a bit more effort than that, and employers want to know not just how you present yourself, but also what others say about you—meaning that the right personal reference just might get you a step closer to that dream job.

Whether you’re a new grad just starting your career or a seasoned professional with lots of experience, you might need to provide personal and professional references during your job search—typically toward the end of the hiring process after you’ve completed one or more interviews.

As a Muse career coach , I work with a lot of clients who have questions about personal references. Some of those questions are about what a personal reference is and when to use one. Others are about who to select as a personal reference and whether providing personal references can really help them secure the job they want. Read on to find out the answers.

What Is a Personal Reference?

A reference is someone who gives a potential employer information about you to help them learn more about who you are. There are two types: professional and personal. A professional reference—such as a manager or team leader—shares information about who you are at work, including your work ethic and performance. A personal reference is someone you know outside of work who can share information about your character and skills you’ve used in your non-work life.

As you navigate your job search, you may hear that professional references are more important than personal references, but this isn’t always true. Even though you haven’t worked together, personal references can still offer valuable insights to a potential employer about what you can do in the workplace. In fact, a personal reference is someone who can speak to your ability to add value at work and can highlight key skills and strengths you'd bring to the role you’re going for, says Muse career coach Nekpen Osuan Wilson , cofounder and CEO of WomenWerk . For example, if you’re being considered for a job in project management, your personal reference could (and should) be someone who can talk about related skills such as planning, timeline management, and scheduling.

Employers also rely on personal references to learn more about who you are beyond your professional qualifications. “A good personal reference shows whether you’re well-rounded,” Wilson says. For example, she’s often listed fellow board members or partners on social impact projects she’s completed to help give hiring managers a full picture of who she is as a person.

When speaking with your personal references, employers may ask about a range of topics, including your:

• Ability to work with others
• Relevant skills you’ve gained outside of your work environment
• Personality traits

Potential employers often ask about your soft skills . Active listening , relationship building, conflict resolution, time management , and decision making are all examples of soft skills you’re likely using at work as well as in personal settings. “When you’re well-rounded and you’re trying to communicate that and bring those soft skills to life, personal references help you,” Wilson says. So choosing a personal reference who can talk about these skills allows you to demonstrate that you can be successful in the workplace.

When Should You Use a Personal Reference?

Some employers will ask for a personal reference directly, and you should always follow those instructions. But even when you’re not specifically asked for a personal reference, you can still use one. Basically, whenever you don’t have enough professional references (say, if an employer asks for three professional references and you only have two) or you don’t have a professional reference who can speak to a certain aspect of your qualifications for a job, you can use a personal reference to fill in the gaps.

Entry-level job seekers might use a personal reference to show off skills and qualities they possess that are related to the job they’ve applied for—particularly if they don’t have the number of professional references a company is asking for. A strong personal reference for an entry-level candidate can take the focus off their lack of career experience and put it on why they’re the right person for the job—for instance, someone you’ve worked with on a personal, side, community, or school project or someone who’s participated in a hobby alongside you.

You can also use a personal reference if you’re changing careers , applying for a job that would require you to work with certain populations (such as children or individuals with special needs), or trying to show what you would bring to the company outside of completing your day-to-day tasks.

What’s the Difference Between Personal and Professional References and Who Can You Ask for Each Type?

Personal references are people you know from settings outside of work, such as community organizations or social groups. When choosing a personal reference, try to go with someone who can provide useful, firsthand insights into how you operate—even if it’s not in a formal professional setting like a job or internship. Examples of people who can serve as personal references (depending on your situation) might include:

• College professors
• People you know from networking or professional membership groups
• Leaders of social clubs, hobby groups, or community service activities
• Coaches or instructors from extracurricular activities
• Faith leaders (such as a pastor or priest) who can speak to your job-related skills
• Friends who have worked with you on a project or assignment

Meanwhile, a professional reference “has to be someone who’s worked in your professional environment,” Wilson says. I advise job seekers to request professional references from people they know from their jobs, internships, or fellowships. For example, you’ll often ask a manager or supervisor you’ve reported to at work, but you can also turn to a peer or colleague from your own team or another team if you’ve worked with them frequently. If you’re pursuing a leadership role, you can list your own direct reports or even other coworkers you’ve managed as part of a work project. The key is that “you both had a goal that was tied together,” Wilson explains. A shared goal helps your case because your reference can tell the employer in detail how you work—specifically, how you helped meet objectives and positively impacted the team or project.

People who can serve as professional references might include:

• Direct managers, supervisors, and bosses
• Other managers and leaders at your company
• Coworkers on your team
• Colleagues in other departments
• Direct reports
• Managers and leaders at organizations you’ve volunteered for
• Business partners
• Academic advisors

You’ll notice that college professors are listed as both personal and professional references; this is because the nature of your relationship with them can vary. If you had a close relationship with a college professor and perhaps even looked to them as a mentor, you can cite them as a personal reference. If you worked with the professor outside of class (supporting their research or serving as a teaching assistant, for example), you can cite them as a professional reference. One caveat: Don’t pick a college professor for either type of reference if you only know them from class and didn’t build a relationship with them. Most professors have a lot of students over the years and may not remember you well enough to serve as a reference if you were one of 100 students in their lectures and didn’t interact otherwise.

Can I Use a Family Member as a Personal Reference?

When personal references come up during coaching sessions, my entry-level clients often ask whether they can use family members. And while you can if you absolutely need to, I advise my clients to exhaust all of their other options first. (I also provide examples of people they can ask before reaching out to a family member.)

In Wilson’s experience, however, it’s totally OK to use family as a personal reference, as long as one condition is met:. “It’s OK if you have a significant meaningful project with that family member,” Wilson says. “Did you build a business together? Did you start an initiative or a new project together? It needs to be something that shows meaningful impact, whether that’s social or business-related.” Whether you choose to exhaust all other options first or not, citing a family member as a personal reference works best when you’ve started a venture together, such as a small business; a volunteer project in your community; or a podcast, blog, or YouTube channel.

You may find yourself in a situation where you feel a family member blurs the line between personal and professional reference. For example, “I have a friend who started an orphanage in East Africa with her uncle,” Wilson says. “That’s an amazing personal reference because he can speak to how she overcame challenges and her passion for others.” Although it may sound like Wilson’s friend could use her uncle as both a personal or a professional reference, I would only advise using him as a personal reference. Employers often worry that family members won’t provide as objective of a reference as an unrelated manager or coworker would, so I suggest only using family members as personal references—if you’re using them at all.

How Do I Ask Someone to Be a Personal Reference?

How you ask for a personal reference can be as important as who you ask. Even if you’re reaching out to someone you know well, it’s still important to be professional about it. You should always ask someone to be your reference before sharing their information with a potential employer. When exactly you ask is up to you as long as it’s you’re giving them ample time to respond and prepare. Confirming that someone wants to be a personal reference for you demonstrates respect and consideration for them.

Asking ahead of time also gives you an opportunity to share relevant information and prepare your reference. If they don't have the information they need to provide a glowing review, that could potentially hinder your chances of getting the job you want.

So when you ask someone to be a personal reference, consider providing the tailored resume you submitted to the job you’re applying for, a link to your portfolio , and any other materials that can help your reference prepare to talk with the employer about you (such as a summary of your key accomplishments on the project you worked on together). In addition, you should provide a copy of the job description so that your reference knows about the job requirements and expectations and can mention why you’d be a good fit when talking to the employer. In my own coaching experience, I work with job seekers to identify their soft skills and ensure they provide their personal reference with specific examples of how they’ve exercised these skills so they can be brought up in a reference conversation or letter.

In most cases, you’ll want to send the request in writing via email or LinkedIn. A formal reference request might look like this (just make sure you swap in all your own personal information!):

Dear Ms. Adams,

I hope you’re doing well! I am reaching out to ask whether you would be a personal reference for me. I enjoyed working with you at XYZ Animal Shelter as a volunteer during the summer of 2019 and learned a lot from you as a more experienced volunteer who was kind enough to show me the ropes.

Since then, I have continued building my experience working with animals and am currently applying for a veterinary assistant position with Pacific Animal Shelter. I believe that a positive reference from you would help show the hiring manager how dedicated I am to helping animals and how hard I am willing to work on the job. I need to provide a list of references to the hiring manager by the end of next week and kindly ask that you let me know by Saturday if you’d be willing to speak on my behalf.

I have attached my resume in case you’d like to see some of my more recent experiences. I can also send you the job description to give you more information about the position and share a summary of some of the skills and experiences from XYZ Animal Shelter that I think might be helpful to highlight. In the meantime, I hope you have a great week!

With gratitude for your consideration,

Jesse (111)111-111 [email protected]

If you’re asking someone you know in a more casual context—for example, a friend or social group leader—you could go with something less formal. The tone will be a bit more relaxed and conversational, but just like in the last template, you will clearly state the request, use professional language, and provide an actionable next step that your reference can take. Here’s an example:

I hope you’re doing well! The last time we spoke, we were both job searching and I’m glad to share that I’ve found a few great project coordinator roles that I can’t wait to apply for! Would you be willing to be a personal reference for me if any companies request them?

If so, the hiring managers would contact you by phone or email to ask about your experience working with me. Since we worked so closely on our sociology group project, I think you would be a great person to tell them about my teamwork, problem-solving, and project tracking skills. If you agree, I’ll give them your contact information, and I’ll give you a heads up as soon as I know when you’re likely to hear from the hiring manager.

I’ve attached my resume for your reference and you can check out my LinkedIn profile . I’m hoping we can catch up soon as I’d love to know how you’re doing and if there’s any way I can support you in your job search. Enjoy your weekend!

Best, Jesse (111)111-1111 [email protected]

Using these examples for guidance can help you craft a solid reference request. If the person you reach out to agrees to be your personal reference, be prepared to follow through on everything you said in your email. Confirm the best contact information for your reference and provide any materials they might need to prepare. Then, let them know once you’ve completed your interviews and provided their name to the recruiter or hiring manager—and whatever information you have about when the hiring manager plans to reach out.

After your references are called, follow up. If the employer spoke with your reference by phone, they may be able to provide you with insights on what the employer asked about and how the conversation went. Keep in mind that employers rarely share information about the search with references, so they’ll likely only be able to tell you what their impression of the conversation was or which questions came up.

Be sure to thank your references for their time, even if you don’t get the job, Wilson says. Email is a basic place to start for your thank you note , but you can drop off or mail a handwritten note if you want to make it more personal. You might also consider sending a small gift to thank your reference for their time. “It depends on the relationship you have and their personality,” Wilson says. For example, “If it were my priest, I would send them something.” You might send an eGift card, a coffee mug, or an item you know they like to collect. You don’t have to send a gift, but make sure you don’t forget the thank you note—after all, they may have just helped you land an amazing new job!

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How to Write A Professional Reference Letter (With Samples and Writing Tips)

• Personal Reference Letter
• Recommendation Letter for Employment
• Professional Reference Letter
• Reference Letter Template
• Reference Letter for a Friend
• Professional References
• List Of References
• Recommendation Letter From Employer
• Academic Reference Letter
• Business Reference Letter
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Being asked to write a reference letter for someone can be both an honor and a challenge, so it’s essential to know to write a professional reference letter. When someone asks you to do this , you’ll probably have an idea of what you want to say, but it can be difficult to know how to say it professionally.

Whether an old student, coworker, or employee asked you to write a professional reference letter, in this article, you’ll learn how to structure a clear, professional recommendation letter so that you can help the person you’re recommending look their best. We will also provide a professional reference letter template and example to help you get started.

Key Takeaways:

When writing a reference letter it is important to have a professional introduction, what your relationship is to the candidate, and enough examples proving the candidate’s ability to do the job.

Keep the letter positive and don’t lie to make the candidate seem like a better option than they are.

It’s important to stick to the submission instructions to make sure you are providing enough information for their potential employer.

How to write a professional reference letter

Reference letter template and samples, tips for writing a professional reference letter, professional reference letter faq.

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To write a professional reference letter, you should start with a header on a physical copy, introduce yourself professionally, and identify the applicant’s strengths with examples. Below is a more detailed list of how to write a professional reference letter:

A header (physical copy only). Just like with any professional letter, if you’re planning to type and print out the recommendation letter, you’ll want to put your name, title, address, email address, and phone number at the top of the page (if it isn’t already included in your letterhead).

A professional introduction . After your professional salutation, you’ll want to get right to the point and explain who you’re writing about and how long you’ve worked with the person you’re writing on behalf of. The reader should immediately understand your relationship with the applicant.

Identify the applicant’s strengths. Talk about specific skills and strengths they have, as well as how they used those for your organization. Make sure to mention that you enjoyed working with the person, and then clearly state that you are recommending them for the position.

Provide examples. The more details you can provide about the candidate’s specific on-the-job qualities, the better. Think of one or two stories where the applicant went above and beyond or leveraged one of their most valuable skills to great effect.

Closing lines. Near the end of your letter, reiterate that the applicant has your complete support and that you can recommend them with no reservations. Offer to answer any more questions if the recipient has them, and then sign off with your typed name and handwritten signature if you’re printing the letter.

Contact information (email copy only). If you’re sending your reference letter as an email, put your contact information after your sign-off and name. Include things like your phone number, alternate email addresses, and a LinkedIn page.

Here is a professional reference letter template, as well as a professional references example for a letter and email. Remember to tailor your reference letter to fit the needs of who you are writing about.

Professional reference letter template

To Whom It May Concern: I am writing to wholeheartedly recommend [Applicant’s Full Name] for the [job title] position at [company name]. My name is [Your Name] , and I’m a [job title] at [your company name]. I’ve been working the [field/industry] industry for [number] of years. stands out as a cut above the rest. [Applicant’s First Name] and I worked together at [company name], and during our time together, [he/she/they] showed a remarkable talent for [skill 1] and [skill 2]. I was always impressed with [Applicant’s First Name] [soft skill] and ability to [key qualification/trait]. One particular moment that stands out to me was when [Applicant’s First Name] [personal story of a shared experience where the applicant really impressed you or displayed incredible aptitude]. While I value [Applicant’s First Name]’s technical abilities, [he/she/they] stood out as so much more than a technocrat. [Applicant’s First Name] always displayed a [adjective] attitude and was a real pleasure to work with thanks to [his/her/their] [soft skill1 1] and [soft skill 2]. I’m pleased to recommend [Applicant’s First Name] with no reservations whatsoever. [He/She/They] would make an excellent addition to your [department name] team at [company name]. If you have any more questions about [Applicant’s First Name], please feel free to contact me at [contact information]. Sincerely, [Your Name] [Company Name] [Job Title] [Additional Contact Info] [LinkedIn (optional)]

Printed reference letter example

Sarah Smith Department Director Company, LLC 1212 Main Street New York City, NY 32323 February 20, 2020 Dan Thomas CEO Business, Inc. 3535 3rd Street Boston, MA 02134 Dear Dan, I have had the pleasure of working with Rachel Williams at Company, LLC for the past four years. During this time, I’ve watched her be both attentive to detail and focused on reaching big-picture goals. She is teachable, innovative, and brought organization and excellence to her role here. Rachel used her communication and organizational skills to help her team of employees complete projects quickly without sacrificing quality. She is enjoyable to work with, as she brings a positive attitude to every situation, is a good problem-solver, and works hard to make sure her job gets done well. Rachel would be a great asset to have at any organization, and I give her my highest recommendation. Please let me know if you have any additional questions. Sincerely, Sarah Smith — Sarah Smith Department Director Company, LLC [email protected] (123)456-7890

Email reference letter example

Subject Line: Recommendation for Shaun Johnson Dear Marjorie, I’m writing to recommend Shaun Johnson. I’ve worked with him closely for two years at Marketing, Inc., and I have enjoyed having him on my team. Shaun is a bright employee who isn’t afraid to take on new tasks and implement new ideas to better the organization. He is teachable, asks for help when he needs it, and takes constructive criticism well. One highlight of his time here was when he designed and ran a highly successful digital marketing campaign that exceeded our projected results at less than the budgeted cost. His intense research and hard work made this happen. Shaun is a positive person to be around and a great team player, willing to help however he can around the office. He would be a valuable addition to any organization, and I believe that his skill set would fit very well into this new opportunity. Please let me know if you have any questions or need any additional information. Sincerely, James Kyle — James Kyle Director of Marketing Marketing, Inc. [email protected] 444-333-2222

When writing a reference letter, be sure to include the hard and soft skills as well as examples of how they use those skills. Here are some more tips to keep in mind when writing your letter:

Include soft and hard skills in your recommendation. While it’s important to highlight the person’s ability to perform the tasks that come with their specific job, it’s also a good idea to communicate the personality traits and soft skills that make them great to work with.

Provide specific examples. While giving general compliments is helpful, try to provide one or two specific success stories in your letter. This will give more weight to your recommendation and helps employers truly see the qualifications of the applicant.

Highlight skills that match those listed in the job description. Just as it’s important to match a resume to a job description , it’s also a good idea to highlight some of the specific skills that an employer is looking for in a recommendation letter.

Ask for their resume. Whether you currently work with the person you’re writing a recommendation for or not, it can be difficult to come up with specific examples of their accomplishments on the fly.

Try to provide a neutral or positive review, but don’t lie. If you’re asked to provide a review and don’t feel like you have enough positive things to say about the person, it’s more beneficial to both you and the recipient to politely decline writing the letter.

Send it as a PDF if you aren’t sending the letter directly to the employer. Sometimes an employee may ask for a generic letter of recommendation to have on hand to submit with multiple job applications.

If they write their own recommendation, make sure you read it and agree with it before you sign your name. Sometimes employees will write their own recommendation letter for you to adjust as you want and sign your name to.

Be timely. It’s important to make sure you turn in the letter on time, as the person’s job application might rely on it. Ask for a deadline if you aren’t given one, and then make sure you’ll be able to meet it. If you can’t, give them as much notice as possible so that they have a chance to find someone else to write it for them.

Follow submission instructions. Make sure you follow any formatting and submission requirements as closely as possible. If they aren’t given to you, ask. It will reflect poorly on the person you’re recommending if you don’t follow the instructions they were given.

Proofread thoroughly. Make sure you check and recheck your letter before you submit it. Not only is being grammatically correct a reflection on you as an individual, but also on your reliability as a recommender.

What is a professional reference letter?

A professional reference letter is a document that a job candidate can use to support the claims made in other job application materials, like their resume and cover letter. These types of reference letters are different than personal or character references .

You can only write a professional reference letter for someone who you’ve worked with closely in a professional setting. Before you even begin planning what you’re going to put in a reference letter, take a minute to remind yourself who your audience is and why you’re writing it. This letter isn’t a heartfelt note for a birthday card or a biography of the person.

It’s a one-page, professional document intended to fill in the gaps for the person’s potential employer. You are their ticket to truly understanding what it’s like to work with the individual you’re recommending.

Who can write a professional reference letter?

Before you agree to write a professional reference letter for someone, take some time to consider whether you can provide a compelling and personalized account of your relationship and experiences with the applicant. You should only write a professional reference letter for someone if one or more of the following situations applies:

You’ve worked closely alongside or supervised the applicant, or the applicant supervised you

You have plenty of experience (and therefore examples) of the applicant’s work style and impact on results

You’re aware of the applicant’s relevant strengths and qualifications that they hope to highlight

You can speak positively about the applicant without lying

At the end of the day, if you can’t provide a reference letter that helps the candidate land the job, it’s in everyone’s best interest to decline the applicant’s request. Just be sure to tell this individual right away once you decide that you can or cannot write the letter, because drafting a list of professional references is sometimes a time-sensitive matter.

How many references will most employers look for?

You should provide at least three references for your potential employer. When selecting your references make sure you talk to the ahead of time and that they are okay with providing a reference.

Your references should be someone who can confirm your work performance so it’s important to keep them up to date.

How long should a reference letter be?

A reference letter should be about one page. It should consist of an opening, body, and closing paragraph. Your opening should explain who you are and your relationship with the person. Your body will identify their strengths while providing examples. Your closing paragraph should reiterate your complete support and that you can recommend them with no reservations.

OSWEGO State University of New York – Writing Reference Letters

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Abby is a writer who is passionate about the power of story. Whether it’s communicating complicated topics in a clear way or helping readers connect with another person or place from the comfort of their couch. Abby attended Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Oklahoma, where she earned a degree in writing with concentrations in journalism and business.

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Personal Letter of Recommendation Template (For a Friend) – with Samples

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A personal letter of recommendation  is a letter used to strengthen one’s application for a job, a community position, a house/condo, or a club/association/organization. A character reference is more personal than professional and will endorse the candidate’s positive attributes, morals and values. The writer should include specific examples of experiences they shared with the requester, and any background information that might be applicable to the particular position the applicant is applying for. If the purpose of the letter is simply for a general recommendation, the letter should confirm that the person in question is of sound character. A character reference is often, but not exclusively, needed for someone applying for their first job or for someone whose work record is not perfect.

Character Reference Letter (for Court) – Standard letter of reference that is submitted to a Judge.

Character Reference Letter (Immigration) – Specifically for entry by a minor, getting a passport, visa, or seeking residency or citizenship.

How to Ask  (3 steps)

• Create a Personal Letter of Recommendation
• Select a Reputable Person
• Request a Favor

1. Create a Personal Letter of Recommendation

2. Select a Reputable Person

3. Request a Favor

How to Write (Format)

The length of a personal letter of recommendation will vary, but the formatting should more or less remain the same. The layout is as follows; date, salutation, introduction, body, conclusion, sign off, and contact information. If the writer has been informed of who will be receiving the letter, include the recipient’s name, position, and address at the top of the page. Begin the letter with a personal salutation such as “Dear Mr./Mrs. [Name],”. If the receiver has not been determined, begin the letter with “To whom it may concern,”.

Introduction

The introduction can be brief and straight to the point. Use this paragraph to explain who you are, how you know the candidate, and the length of your relationship.

John Delaney Manager at Kingston Mines 2700 Lakeview Ave Chicago, IL, 60614 April 21, 2017 Dear Mr. Delaney, I would like to recommend Daisy for the position of bartender at your club, Kingston Mines. We have been volunteering at the community garden together for the past few months and I know her to be a very charming and outgoing young woman.

This example was written by someone who has only known the applicant for a short time but seems to have a good grasp on what the reader will be looking for in an applicant for this particular service industry position.

To whom it may concern, Tim Chandler is the son of my best friend of 25 years. I have known Tim all of his life and seen him grow into a mature, well-rounded young man who shows respect for his elders and support for his peers.

This is an example of an introduction for a general personal letter of recommendation. The writer knows the candidate very well and will no doubt be able to vouch for their character.

Body Paragraph(s)

The body paragraph(s) will contain specific information about the applicant. The writer can choose to use as many paragraphs as they deem appropriate based on their relationship to the applicant. The purpose of the body is to state the writer’s belief in the   candidate’s qualifications by including details about their redeeming qualities and characteristics. If possible, provide some examples   of the applicant’s accomplishments or notable performances that would support these claims.

Michael is committed to his community and is always looking for ways to support the people around him. I know him to be trustworthy, reliable, and easy-going. If you get the chance to visit Michael’s house, you’ll notice the plethora of books lining the walls of his study. He is an avid reader and an extremely knowledgeable individual whose organizational and management skills would enable him to serve as a valuable library trustee.

In the example above, the writer knows what the letter will be used for and they have included personality traits that are relevant to the applicant’s cause. The writer keeps the paragraphs brief while still providing enough information to support their affirmation.

I always ask for Tanya over the other cleaning ladies because she is punctual, she has a keen eye for detail, and she works efficiently. She always leaves my house spotless and completes her work in a timely manner. When it comes to cleanliness, I can be very fussy but Tanya never rolls her eyes at my requests. She is a pleasant, reliable, honest, and diligent young woman.

The second example is written by a female employer who is impressed by the applicant’s ability to work well. She also compliments the attitude she exhibits when presented with difficult tasks. A letter of recommendation from a demanding employer can be quite advantageous.

The conclusion paragraph summarizes why you’re recommending this person and should offer a way to contact you should the reader require further information. Use a formal sign off to end of the letter, and include your name and contact information (unless added in the conclusion paragraph).

Julian is an intelligent and determined individual. He has my full support in his future endeavors and I’d be happy to provide more evidence of his qualifications if necessary. Kind regards, Elliot Grant (608) 453-2673 [email protected]

I’m proud to call Madeleine my friend. It’s been an honor working alongside her and I know she will excel in any position. If more information concerning her eligibility is required, please feel free to reach me anytime on my cell at (713) 556-8883. Sincerely, Barbara Hafting

Dear Mr. Wellington

Tracy Caldwell and his family moved into our neighborhood 7 years ago and our families have been close ever since. Tracy, the eldest son, is a considerate and thoughtful person and we enjoy his company whenever he comes over to our house.

Tracy has always been a well-spoken and mature boy when he comes over to visit. He offers to lend a hand when we’re making dinner and asks if he can help with the dishes after a meal.

Although I don’t see Tracy’s school work first hand, my daughter tells me he is one of the brightest and most attentive students in their grade. This comes as no surprise. He has done various chores around our place, as well as his own, including mowing lawns, raking leaves, and a bit of gardening. He works efficiently and is quick and eager to learn new skills.

I think Tracy would prove to be a very capable member of your staff. You can contact me with any other questions you might have concerning Tracy’s suitability to your establishment.

Graham Beasley

(505) 778-7988

Isabella has a nurturing personality and has supported me through some difficult times. She is friendly with all the clientele as well and goes out of her way to help people find what they need. Isabella is very organized and has a keen eye for design. She came up with the idea to rearrange some of the sections of the library, rendering the layout considerably more convenient. She has good judgment and shows great determination whenever a difficult task is put in front of her. I’ve never seen Isabella stressed out or frustrated. She has a good head on her shoulders and her boundless energy is an inspiration to us all.

Isabella is a strong-minded, capable individual who will be an asset to any job or organization she joins. I recommend her without hesitation. Please contact me at [email protected] if you have any other questions.

Sarah Planter

Dear Ms. Smith,

Kevin Heyer and I have known each other going on 5 years now. I met Mr. Heyer when he first participated in the Writers-in-Residence program at the Weymouth center, where I have been on the Board of Directors for the past 10 years.

Mr. Heyer is an intelligent, enthusiastic, and creative person. We’re always happy to have him stay with us as he is a clean guest and is very polite. I’ve enjoyed reading some of his work and I believe he will one day be a very accomplished author.

Mr. Heyer would make an excellent tutor not only because of his writing prowess but because he shows great patience, motivation, and empathy. I believe any organization would benefit greatly once exposed to Mr. Heyer’s brilliant mind and respectful demeanor.

I am happy to give Mr. Heyer my highest recommendation. Please feel free to contact me at (910) 682-0504 or at [email protected].

Warm regards,

Marianna Garcia

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Reference Examples

More than 100 reference examples and their corresponding in-text citations are presented in the seventh edition Publication Manual . Examples of the most common works that writers cite are provided on this page; additional examples are available in the Publication Manual .

To find the reference example you need, first select a category (e.g., periodicals) and then choose the appropriate type of work (e.g., journal article ) and follow the relevant example.

When selecting a category, use the webpages and websites category only when a work does not fit better within another category. For example, a report from a government website would use the reports category, whereas a page on a government website that is not a report or other work would use the webpages and websites category.

Also note that print and electronic references are largely the same. For example, to cite both print books and ebooks, use the books and reference works category and then choose the appropriate type of work (i.e., book ) and follow the relevant example (e.g., whole authored book ).

Examples on these pages illustrate the details of reference formats. We make every attempt to show examples that are in keeping with APA Style’s guiding principles of inclusivity and bias-free language. These examples are presented out of context only to demonstrate formatting issues (e.g., which elements to italicize, where punctuation is needed, placement of parentheses). References, including these examples, are not inherently endorsements for the ideas or content of the works themselves. An author may cite a work to support a statement or an idea, to critique that work, or for many other reasons. For more examples, see our sample papers .

Reference examples are covered in the seventh edition APA Style manuals in the Publication Manual Chapter 10 and the Concise Guide Chapter 10

Related handouts

• Common Reference Examples Guide (PDF, 147KB)
• Reference Quick Guide (PDF, 225KB)

Textual Works

Textual works are covered in Sections 10.1–10.8 of the Publication Manual . The most common categories and examples are presented here. For the reviews of other works category, see Section 10.7.

• Journal Article References
• Magazine Article References
• Newspaper Article References
• Blog Post and Blog Comment References
• UpToDate Article References
• Book/Ebook References
• Diagnostic Manual References
• Children’s Book or Other Illustrated Book References
• Classroom Course Pack Material References
• Religious Work References
• Chapter in an Edited Book/Ebook References
• Dictionary Entry References
• Wikipedia Entry References
• Report by a Government Agency References
• Report with Individual Authors References
• Brochure References
• Ethics Code References
• Fact Sheet References
• ISO Standard References
• Press Release References
• White Paper References
• Conference Presentation References
• Conference Proceeding References
• Published Dissertation or Thesis References
• Unpublished Dissertation or Thesis References
• ERIC Database References
• Preprint Article References

Data and Assessments

Data sets are covered in Section 10.9 of the Publication Manual . For the software and tests categories, see Sections 10.10 and 10.11.

• Data Set References
• Toolbox References

Audiovisual Media

Audiovisual media are covered in Sections 10.12–10.14 of the Publication Manual . The most common examples are presented together here. In the manual, these examples and more are separated into categories for audiovisual, audio, and visual media.

• Artwork References
• Clip Art or Stock Image References
• Film and Television References
• Musical Score References
• Online Course or MOOC References
• Podcast References
• PowerPoint Slide or Lecture Note References
• Radio Broadcast References
• TED Talk References
• Transcript of an Audiovisual Work References
• YouTube Video References

Online Media

Online media are covered in Sections 10.15 and 10.16 of the Publication Manual . Please note that blog posts are part of the periodicals category.

• Facebook References
• Instagram References
• LinkedIn References
• Online Forum (e.g., Reddit) References
• TikTok References
• X References
• Webpage on a Website References
• Clinical Practice References
• Open Educational Resource References
• Whole Website References

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CRediT author statement

CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) was introduced with the intention of recognizing individual author contributions, reducing authorship disputes and facilitating collaboration. The idea came about following a 2012 collaborative workshop led by Harvard University and the Wellcome Trust, with input from researchers, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and publishers, including Elsevier, represented by Cell Press.

CRediT offers authors the opportunity to share an accurate and detailed description of their diverse contributions to the published work.

The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that the descriptions are accurate and agreed by all authors

The role(s) of all authors should be listed, using the relevant above categories

Authors may have contributed in multiple roles

CRediT in no way changes the journal’s criteria to qualify for authorship

CRediT statements should be provided during the submission process and will appear above the acknowledgment section of the published paper as shown further below.

*Reproduced from Brand et al. (2015), Learned Publishing 28(2), with permission of the authors.

Sample CRediT author statement

Zhang San:  Conceptualization, Methodology, Software  Priya Singh. : Data curation, Writing- Original draft preparation.  Wang Wu : Visualization, Investigation.  Jan Jansen :  Supervision. : Ajay Kumar : Software, Validation.:  Sun Qi:  Writing- Reviewing and Editing,

Read more about CRediT  here opens in new tab/window  or check out this  article from  Authors' Updat e:  CRediT where credit's due .

Reinventing search with a new AI-powered Microsoft Bing and Edge, your copilot for the web

Feb 7, 2023 | Yusuf Mehdi - Corporate Vice President & Consumer Chief Marketing Officer

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To empower people to unlock the joy of discovery, feel the wonder of creation and better harness the world’s knowledge, today we’re improving how the world benefits from the web by reinventing the tools billions of people use every day, the search engine and the browser.

Today, we’re launching an all new, AI-powered Bing search engine and Edge browser, available in preview now at Bing.com , to deliver better search, more complete answers, a new chat experience and the ability to generate content. We think of these tools as an AI copilot for the web.

“AI will fundamentally change every software category, starting with the largest category of all – search,” said Satya Nadella, Chairman and CEO, Microsoft. “Today, we’re launching Bing and Edge powered by AI copilot and chat, to help people get more from search and the web.”

There are 10 billion search queries a day, but we estimate half of them go unanswered. That’s because people are using search to do things it wasn’t originally designed to do. It’s great for finding a website, but for more complex questions or tasks too often it falls short.

The new Bing and Edge – Your copilot for the web

We have brought together search, browsing and chat into one unified experience you can invoke from anywhere on the web, delivering:

• Better search. The new Bing gives you an improved version of the familiar search experience, providing more relevant results for simple things like sports scores, stock prices and weather, along with a new sidebar that shows more comprehensive answers if you want them.
• Complete answers. Bing reviews results from across the web to find and summarize the answer you’re looking for. For example, you can get detailed instructions for how to substitute eggs for another ingredient in a cake you are baking right in that moment, without scrolling through multiple results.
• A new chat experience. For more complex searches – such as for planning a detailed trip itinerary or researching what TV to buy – the new Bing offers new, interactive chat. The chat experience empowers you to refine your search until you get the complete answer you are looking for by asking for more details, clarity and ideas – with links available so you can immediately act on your decisions.
• A creative spark. There are times when you need more than an answer – you need inspiration. The new Bing can generate the content to help you. It can help you write an email, create a 5-day itinerary for a dream vacation to Hawaii, with links to book your travel and accommodations, prep for a job interview or create a quiz for trivia night. The new Bing also cites all its sources, so you’re able to see links to the web content it references.
• New Microsoft Edge experience. We’ve updated the Edge browser with new AI capabilities and a new look, and we’ve added two new functionalities: Chat and compose. With the Edge Sidebar, you can ask for a summary of a lengthy financial report to get the key takeaways – and then use the chat function to ask for a comparison to a competing company’s financials and automatically put it in a table. You can also ask Edge to help you compose content, such as a LinkedIn post, by giving it a few prompts to get you started. After that, you can ask it to help you update the tone, format and length of the post. Edge can understand the web page you’re on and adapts accordingly.

My anniversary is coming up in September, help me plan a trip somewhere fun in Europe, leaving from London.

Will the Ikea Klippan loveseat fit into my 2019 Honda Odyssey?

Reinventing search with AI

The new Bing experience is a culmination of four technical breakthroughs:

• Next-generation OpenAI model . We’re excited to announce the new Bing is running on a new, next-generation OpenAI large language model that is more powerful than ChatGPT and customized specifically for search. It takes key learnings and advancements from ChatGPT and GPT-3.5 – and it is even faster, more accurate and more capable.
• Microsoft Prometheus model . We have developed a proprietary way of working with the OpenAI model that allows us to best leverage its power. We call this collection of capabilities and techniques the Prometheus model. This combination gives you more relevant, timely and targeted results, with improved safety.
• Applying AI to core search algorithm . We’ve also applied the AI model to our core Bing search ranking engine, which led to the largest jump in relevance in two decades. With this AI model, even basic search queries are more accurate and more relevant.
• New user experience . We’re reimagining how you interact with search, browser and chat by pulling them into a unified experience. This will unlock a completely new way to interact with the web.

These groundbreaking new search experiences are possible because Microsoft has committed to building Azure into an AI supercomputer for the world, and OpenAI has used this infrastructure to train the breakthrough models that are now being optimized for Bing.

Microsoft and OpenAI – innovating together, responsibly

Together with OpenAI, we’ve also been intentional in implementing safeguards to defend against harmful content. Our teams are working to address issues such as misinformation and disinformation, content blocking, data safety and preventing the promotion of harmful or discriminatory content in line with our AI principles .

The work we are doing with OpenAI builds on our company’s yearslong effort to ensure that our AI systems are responsible by design. We will continue to apply the full strength of our responsible AI ecosystem – including researchers, engineers and policy experts – to develop new approaches to mitigate risk.

Live today in limited preview, expanding to millions soon

The new Bing is available today in a limited preview on desktop, and everyone can visit Bing.com today to try sample queries and sign up for the waitlist. We’re going to scale the preview to millions in the coming weeks. A mobile experience will also be in preview soon.

We’re excited to put the new Bing and Edge into the real world to get the critical feedback required to improve our models as we scale.

Related links:

Amy Hood, Microsoft executive vice president and chief financial officer, will host a conference call with investors at 2:30 p.m. PT.

Brad Smith, Microsoft vice chair and president: Meeting the moment: advancing the future through responsible AI

Learn more about advertising on the new Bing

More information about the announcement

Tags: AI , Bing , Microsoft Edge

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Donald Trump’s lawyers press judge to lift gag order in wake of ex-president’s felony conviction

Former President Donald Trump speaks during a news conference at Trump Tower, Friday, May 31, 2024, in New York. A day after a New York jury found Donald Trump guilty of 34 felony charges, the presumptive Republican presidential nominee addressed the conviction and likely attempt to cast his campaign in a new light. (AP Photo/Julia Nikhinson)

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NEW YORK (AP) — Donald Trump’s lawyers are amplifying their calls to end the gag order that bars the former president from commenting about witnesses, jurors and others tied to the Manhattan criminal trial that ended in his conviction last month for falsifying records to cover up a potential sex scandal.

In a court filing made public Wednesday, Trump’s lawyers urged Judge Juan M. Merchan to end what they deemed an “extraordinary, unprecedented, and unwarranted restriction” on the presumptive Republican presidential nominee’s free speech rights.

The 23-page defense filing reiterated arguments Trump lawyers Todd Blanche and Emil Bove made days after Trump’s May 30 guilty verdict in a letter they sent to Merchan seeking to lift the gag order. They contend the restrictions should have been rescinded after the verdict.

Prosecutors have suggested keeping that the gag order in effect at least until Trump’s sentencing on July 11, saying it’s necessary “to protect the integrity of these proceedings and the fair administration of justice.”

Merchan issued the gag order on March 26, a few weeks before the start of the trial, after prosecutors raised concerns about Trump’s propensity to assail people involved in his cases. Merchan later expanded it to bar comments about his own family after Trump made social media posts attacking the judge’s daughter, a Democratic consultant.

Comments about Merchan and District Attorney Alvin Bragg are allowed, but the gag order bars statements about court staff and members of Bragg’s prosecution team.

Blanche and Bove argued that leaving the gag order in place is unconstitutionally restricting Trump’s ability to respond to rivals and critics, including President Joe Biden’s comments in the wake of the verdict and continued public criticism from his ex-lawyer Michael Cohen and porn actor Stormy Daniels, both key prosecution witnesses. Trump and Biden are scheduled to debate on June 27.

“Trump’s opponents and adversaries are using the Gag Order as a political sword to attack President Trump with reference to this case, on the understanding that his ability to mount a detailed response is severely restricted by the Gag Order,” Blanche and Bove wrote.

Trump was convicted of 34 counts of falsifying business records arising from what prosecutors said was an attempt to cover up a hush money payment to Daniels just before the 2016 presidential election. She claims she had a sexual encounter with Trump a decade earlier, which he denies.

His conviction is punishable by up to four years behind bars, but prosecutors have not said if they would seek incarceration and it’s not clear if Merchan would impose such a sentence. Other options include a fine or probation.