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example of a analytical research paper

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Analytical Research: What is it, Importance + Examples

Analytical research is a type of research that requires critical thinking skills and the examination of relevant facts and information.

Finding knowledge is a loose translation of the word “research.” It’s a systematic and scientific way of researching a particular subject. As a result, research is a form of scientific investigation that seeks to learn more. Analytical research is one of them.

Any kind of research is a way to learn new things. In this research, data and other pertinent information about a project are assembled; after the information is gathered and assessed, the sources are used to support a notion or prove a hypothesis.

An individual can successfully draw out minor facts to make more significant conclusions about the subject matter by using critical thinking abilities (a technique of thinking that entails identifying a claim or assumption and determining whether it is accurate or untrue).

What is analytical research?

This particular kind of research calls for using critical thinking abilities and assessing data and information pertinent to the project at hand.

Determines the causal connections between two or more variables. The analytical study aims to identify the causes and mechanisms underlying the trade deficit’s movement throughout a given period.

It is used by various professionals, including psychologists, doctors, and students, to identify the most pertinent material during investigations. One learns crucial information from analytical research that helps them contribute fresh concepts to the work they are producing.

Some researchers perform it to uncover information that supports ongoing research to strengthen the validity of their findings. Other scholars engage in analytical research to generate fresh perspectives on the subject.

Various approaches to performing research include literary analysis, Gap analysis , general public surveys, clinical trials, and meta-analysis.

Importance of analytical research

The goal of analytical research is to develop new ideas that are more believable by combining numerous minute details.

The analytical investigation is what explains why a claim should be trusted. Finding out why something occurs is complex. You need to be able to evaluate information critically and think critically. 

This kind of information aids in proving the validity of a theory or supporting a hypothesis. It assists in recognizing a claim and determining whether it is true.

Analytical kind of research is valuable to many people, including students, psychologists, marketers, and others. It aids in determining which advertising initiatives within a firm perform best. In the meantime, medical research and research design determine how well a particular treatment does.

Thus, analytical research can help people achieve their goals while saving lives and money.

Methods of Conducting Analytical Research

Analytical research is the process of gathering, analyzing, and interpreting information to make inferences and reach conclusions. Depending on the purpose of the research and the data you have access to, you can conduct analytical research using a variety of methods. Here are a few typical approaches:

Quantitative research

Numerical data are gathered and analyzed using this method. Statistical methods are then used to analyze the information, which is often collected using surveys, experiments, or pre-existing datasets. Results from quantitative research can be measured, compared, and generalized numerically.

Qualitative research

In contrast to quantitative research, qualitative research focuses on collecting non-numerical information. It gathers detailed information using techniques like interviews, focus groups, observations, or content research. Understanding social phenomena, exploring experiences, and revealing underlying meanings and motivations are all goals of qualitative research.

Mixed methods research

This strategy combines quantitative and qualitative methodologies to grasp a research problem thoroughly. Mixed methods research often entails gathering and evaluating both numerical and non-numerical data, integrating the results, and offering a more comprehensive viewpoint on the research issue.

Experimental research

Experimental research is frequently employed in scientific trials and investigations to establish causal links between variables. This approach entails modifying variables in a controlled environment to identify cause-and-effect connections. Researchers randomly divide volunteers into several groups, provide various interventions or treatments, and track the results.

Observational research

With this approach, behaviors or occurrences are observed and methodically recorded without any outside interference or variable data manipulation . Both controlled surroundings and naturalistic settings can be used for observational research . It offers useful insights into behaviors that occur in the actual world and enables researchers to explore events as they naturally occur.

Case study research

This approach entails thorough research of a single case or a small group of related cases. Case-control studies frequently include a variety of information sources, including observations, records, and interviews. They offer rich, in-depth insights and are particularly helpful for researching complex phenomena in practical settings.

Secondary data analysis

Examining secondary information is time and money-efficient, enabling researchers to explore new research issues or confirm prior findings. With this approach, researchers examine previously gathered information for a different reason. Information from earlier cohort studies, accessible databases, or corporate documents may be included in this.

Content analysis

Content research is frequently employed in social sciences, media observational studies, and cross-sectional studies. This approach systematically examines the content of texts, including media, speeches, and written documents. Themes, patterns, or keywords are found and categorized by researchers to make inferences about the content.

Depending on your research objectives, the resources at your disposal, and the type of data you wish to analyze, selecting the most appropriate approach or combination of methodologies is crucial to conducting analytical research.

Examples of analytical research

Analytical research takes a unique measurement. Instead, you would consider the causes and changes to the trade imbalance. Detailed statistics and statistical checks help guarantee that the results are significant.

For example, it can look into why the value of the Japanese Yen has decreased. This is so that an analytical study can consider “how” and “why” questions.

Another example is that someone might conduct analytical research to identify a study’s gap. It presents a fresh perspective on your data. Therefore, it aids in supporting or refuting notions.

Descriptive vs analytical research

Here are the key differences between descriptive research and analytical research:

The study of cause and effect makes extensive use of analytical research. It benefits from numerous academic disciplines, including marketing, health, and psychology, because it offers more conclusive information for addressing research issues.

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Analytical Essay Guide

Analytical Essay Example

Nova A.

15 Analytical Essay Samples to Learn From - Tips Included

analytical essay example

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Analytical Essay Step by Step Writing Guide

Interesting Analytical Essay Topics Ideas for Students

How to Craft Analytical Essay Outline? An Easy Guide

Writing an analytical essay can be tough for students. It requires a deep understanding of the topic and the ability to break it down into smaller parts. This can cause stress, lower grades, and frustration among students.

But don't worry! We have a solution for you. In this blog, we'll give you great analytical examples and simple tips for writing amazing analytical essays.

Ready to tackle the analytical essay? Let's get started!

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  • 1. Understanding Analytical Writing
  • 2. Analytical Essay Examples
  • 3. Analytical Essay Outline Example
  • 4. Analytical Essay Topics Examples 
  • 5. Tips to Write an Effective Analytical Essay

Understanding Analytical Writing

An analytical essay is a type of academic writing that looks into a specific subject, dissecting it into its various components and examining how they interrelate.

It requires the writer to not only present a clear understanding of the topic but also to analyze and evaluate it critically. 

Unlike a descriptive essay , an analytical essay demands a more in-depth exploration, often involving an argument or thesis statement that guides the critical analysis. 

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Analytical Essay Examples

To truly understand the art of analytical essay writing, one of the most effective methods is to examine practical examples. 

Analytical essay examples provide a clear blueprint of how to approach this type of essay successfully. So, read the examples below to find inspiration for writing a clear analytical essay.

Analytical Essay Example PDF For Students

Here are some analytical essay examples for students in PDF form that you can read and download for free:

Analytical Essay Example (Pdf)

Analytical Essay Example Sample

Analytical Essay Structure

Analytical Essay Example University

Analytical Essay Example College

Analytical Essay Examples For High School

Short Analytical Essay Example

If you are still having difficulty, here are some more examples of analytical essays to help you get inspired.

How To Write An Analytical Essay - Example

APA Analytical Essay Example

Analytical Essay Example APA Format

Analytical Essay Example on A Book

Macbeth Analytical Essay Example

Analytical Essay Example Movie

Analytical Essay Outline Example

When tackling an analytical essay create an outline that is well structured. This outline serves as a roadmap, guiding you through the essay-writing process. The proper structure ensures you don't miss vital elements. 

Let's break down the essential sections of an analytical essay outline with examples: 

Introduction - Setting the Stage

In the introduction , your aim is to set the stage for your analysis. This section should introduce the topic, provide context, and present a clear thesis statement that outlines the main argument or focus of your essay.

Let’s take a look at another thesis statement for an analytical essay example:

Body - Analyzing Key Points

The body paragraphs of your analytical essay typically are where the real analysis takes place. This section can be divided into multiple paragraphs, each addressing a specific point or aspect related to your thesis. 

Here, you should provide evidence, examples, and critical analysis to support your argument.

Conclusion - Summarize Key Points

As you reach the essay conclusion , it's time to tie it all together. Summarize your main points, restate your thesis statement, and underscore the importance of your analysis. 

Remember, this is not the place to introduce new background information. Instead, offer insights and an impactful recap of your discoveries.

Conclusion for analytical essay example: 

Analytical Essay Topics Examples 

Choosing the right type of essay topic is an important first step when writing an analytical essay. The topic you select should be engaging, relevant, and suitable for in-depth analysis. 

Here are some thought-provoking analytical essay topics to consider:

  • The Symbolism of the "Green Light" in F. Scott Fitzgerald's "The Great Gatsby"
  • The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health
  • Analyzing the Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality
  • The Role of Nature in Shakespeare's Sonnets
  • Analyzing the Historical Significance of the Industrial Revolution
  • The Influence of Technology on Education
  • The Psychology of Marketing and Consumer Behavior
  • The Impact of Globalization on Cultural Identity
  • Analyzing the Ethical Dilemmas in Artificial Intelligence
  • The Evolution of Environmental Policies and Their Impact on Conservation

Are you still having trouble coming up with a good analytical essay topic? Check out this blog for more than 150 compelling analytical essay topics .

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Tips to Write an Effective Analytical Essay

Writing an effective analytical essay requires a structured approach and attention to detail. Here are some valuable tips to help you craft a compelling analytical essay:

  • Focus Your Topic: Select a specific topic or aspect for in-depth analysis rather than a broad subject matter.
  • Research Thoroughly: Gather reliable sources and evidence to support your analysis.
  • Create a Well-Structured Outline: Plan your essay with a clear introduction, body, and conclusion.
  • Analyze, Don't Summarize: Avoid summarizing the subject; instead, critically evaluate and interpret it.
  • Use Clear Topic Sentences: Start each paragraph with a clear topic sentence that relates to your thesis.
  • Provide Evidence: Support your analysis with quotes, examples, and data from your research.
  • Critical Thinking: Engage in critical thinking to question assumptions and explore alternative perspectives.
  • Maintain Clarity: Use clear and concise language to convey your points effectively. 

In conclusion, the analytical essay stands as a potent tool for honing your skills and conveying your understanding of complex subjects.

Throughout this guide, we've uncovered the key elements of an analytical essay and the steps necessary to craft a compelling piece. If you’re tasked with writing an analytical essay, the examples provided above can offer valuable guidance. Alternatively, if you're thinking, 'I need someone to write my essay ,' you can seek assistance from a professional analytical essay writer at MyPerfectWords.com.  

We provide the best essay writing service tailored to your needs at the most affordable rates. So why wait? Get expert help from our analytical essay writing service and ensure your success today!

Frequently Asked Questions

What is an example of an analytical sentence.

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A concise example of an analytical sentence is: In "To Kill a Mockingbird," Harper Lee uses the character of Atticus Finch to explore themes of morality and justice in the face of racial prejudice.

What is an example of analysis?

Here is an example of analysis: Through Atticus Finch's unwavering commitment to defending Tom Robinson, despite facing societal backlash, Lee highlights the importance of integrity and standing up for what is right, even in the face of adversity.

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Nova Allison is a Digital Content Strategist with over eight years of experience. Nova has also worked as a technical and scientific writer. She is majorly involved in developing and reviewing online content plans that engage and resonate with audiences. Nova has a passion for writing that engages and informs her readers.

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How To Write an Analytical Essay

example of a analytical research paper

If you enjoy exploring topics deeply and thinking creatively, analytical essays could be perfect for you. They involve thorough analysis and clever writing techniques to gain fresh perspectives and deepen your understanding of the subject. In this article, our expert research paper writer will explain what an analytical essay is, how to structure it effectively and provide practical examples. This guide covers all the essentials for your writing success!

What Is an Analytical Essay

An analytical essay involves analyzing something, such as a book, movie, or idea. It relies on evidence from the text to logically support arguments, avoiding emotional appeals or personal stories. Unlike persuasive essays, which argue for a specific viewpoint, a good analytical essay explores all aspects of the topic, considering different perspectives, dissecting arguments, and evaluating evidence carefully. Ultimately, you'll need to present your own stance based on your analysis, synthesize findings, and decide whether you agree with the conclusions or have your own interpretation.

example of a analytical research paper

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How to Structure an Analytical Essay

Crafting an excellent paper starts with clear organization and structuring of arguments. An analytical essay structure follows a simple outline: introduction, body, and conclusion.

Introduction: Begin by grabbing the reader's attention and stating the topic clearly. Provide background information, state the purpose of the paper, and hint at the arguments you'll make. The opening sentence should be engaging, such as a surprising fact or a thought-provoking question. Then, present your thesis, summarizing your stance in the essay.

Body Paragraphs: Each paragraph starts with a clear topic sentence guiding the reader and presents evidence supporting the thesis. Focus on one issue per paragraph and briefly restate the main point at the end to transition smoothly to the next one. This ensures clarity and coherence in your argument.

Conclusion: Restate the thesis, summarize key points from the body paragraphs, and offer insights on the significance of the analysis. Provide your thoughts on the topic's importance and how your analysis contributes to it, leaving a lasting impression on the reader.

Meanwhile, you might also be interested in how to write a reflection paper , so check out the article for more information!

How to Write an Analytical Essay in 6 Simple Steps

Once you've got a handle on the structure, you can make writing easier by following some steps. Preparing ahead of time can make the process smoother and improve your essay's flow. Here are some helpful tips from our experts. And if you need it, you can always request our experts to write my essay for me , and we'll handle it promptly.

How to Write an Analytical Essay in 6 Simple Steps

Step 1: Decide on Your Stance

Before diving into writing, it's crucial to establish your stance on the topic. Let's say you're going to write an analytical essay example about the benefits and drawbacks of remote work. Before you start writing, you need to decide what your opinion or viewpoint is on this topic.

  • Do you think remote work offers flexibility and improved work-life balance for employees?
  • Or maybe you believe it can lead to feelings of isolation and decreased productivity?

Once you've determined your stance on remote work, it's essential to consider the evidence and arguments supporting your position. Are there statistics or studies that back up your viewpoint? For example, if you believe remote work improves productivity, you might cite research showing increased output among remote workers. On the other hand, if you think it leads to isolation, you could reference surveys or testimonials highlighting the challenges of remote collaboration. Your opinion will shape how you write your essay, so take some time to think about what you believe about remote work before you start writing.

Step 2: Write Your Thesis Statement

Once you've figured out what you think about the topic, it's time to write your thesis statement. This statement is like the main idea or argument of your essay.

If you believe that remote work offers significant benefits, your thesis statement might be: 'Remote work presents an opportunity for increased flexibility and work-life balance, benefiting employees and employers alike in today's interconnected world.'

Alternatively, if you believe that remote work has notable drawbacks, your thesis statement might be: 'While remote work offers flexibility, it can also lead to feelings of isolation and challenges in collaboration, necessitating a balanced approach to its implementation.'

Your thesis statement guides the rest of your analytical essay, so make sure it clearly expresses your viewpoint on the benefits and drawbacks of remote work.

Step 3: Write Topic Sentences

After you have your thesis statement about the benefits and drawbacks of remote work, you need to come up with topic sentences for each paragraph while writing an analytical essay. These sentences introduce the main point of each paragraph and help to structure your essay.

Let's say your first paragraph is about the benefits of remote work. Your topic sentence might be: 'Remote work offers employees increased flexibility and autonomy, enabling them to better manage their work-life balance.'

For the next paragraph discussing the drawbacks of remote work, your topic sentence could be: 'However, remote work can also lead to feelings of isolation and difficulties in communication and collaboration with colleagues.'

And for the paragraph about potential solutions to the challenges of remote work, your topic sentence might be: 'To mitigate the drawbacks of remote work, companies can implement strategies such as regular check-ins, virtual team-building activities, and flexible work arrangements.'

Each topic sentence should relate back to your thesis statement about the benefits and drawbacks of remote work and provide a clear focus for the paragraph that follows.

Step 4: Create an Outline

Now that you have your thesis statement and topic sentences, it's time to create an analytical essay outline to ensure your essay flows logically. Here's an outline prepared by our analytical essay writer based on the example of discussing the benefits and drawbacks of remote work:

Step 5: Write Your First Draft

Now that you have your outline, it's time to start writing your first draft. Begin by expanding upon each point in your outline, making sure to connect your ideas smoothly and logically. Don't worry too much about perfection at this stage; the goal is to get your ideas down on paper. You can always revise and polish your draft later.

As you write, keep referring back to your thesis statement to ensure that your arguments align with your main argument. Additionally, make sure each paragraph flows naturally into the next, maintaining coherence throughout your essay.

Once you've completed your first draft, take a break and then come back to review and revise it. Look for areas where you can strengthen your arguments, clarify your points, and improve the overall structure and flow of your essay.

Remember, writing is a process, and it's okay to go through multiple drafts before you're satisfied with the final result. Take your time and be patient with yourself as you work towards creating a well-crafted essay on the benefits and drawbacks of remote work.

Step 6: Revise and Proofread

Once you've completed your first draft, it's essential to revise and proofread your essay to ensure clarity, coherence, and correctness. Here's how to approach this step:

  • Check if your ideas make sense and if they support your main point.
  • Make sure your writing style stays the same and your format follows the rules.
  • Double-check your facts and make sure you've covered everything important.
  • Cut out any extra words and make your sentences clear and short.
  • Look for mistakes in spelling and grammar.
  • Ask someone to read your essay and give you feedback.

What is the Purpose of an Analytical Essay?

Analytical essays aim to analyze texts or topics, presenting a clear argument. They deepen understanding by evaluating evidence and uncovering underlying meanings. These essays promote critical thinking, challenging readers to consider different viewpoints.

They're also great for improving critical thinking skills. By breaking down complex ideas and presenting them clearly, they encourage readers to think for themselves and reach their own conclusions.

This type of essay also adds to academic discussions by offering fresh insights. By analyzing existing research and literature, they bring new perspectives or shine a light on overlooked parts of a topic. This keeps academic conversations lively and encourages more exploration in the field.

Analytical Essay Examples

Check out our essay samples to see theory in action. Crafted by our dissertation services , they show how analytical thinking applies to real situations, helping you understand concepts better.

With our tips on how to write an analytical essay, you're ready to boost your writing skills and craft essays that captivate your audience. With practice, you'll become a pro at analytical writing, ready to tackle any topic with confidence. And, if you need help to buy essay online , just drop us a line saying ' do my homework for me ' and we'll jump right in!

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Daniel Parker

Daniel Parker

is a seasoned educational writer focusing on scholarship guidance, research papers, and various forms of academic essays including reflective and narrative essays. His expertise also extends to detailed case studies. A scholar with a background in English Literature and Education, Daniel’s work on EssayPro blog aims to support students in achieving academic excellence and securing scholarships. His hobbies include reading classic literature and participating in academic forums.

example of a analytical research paper

is an expert in nursing and healthcare, with a strong background in history, law, and literature. Holding advanced degrees in nursing and public health, his analytical approach and comprehensive knowledge help students navigate complex topics. On EssayPro blog, Adam provides insightful articles on everything from historical analysis to the intricacies of healthcare policies. In his downtime, he enjoys historical documentaries and volunteering at local clinics.

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Research Paper Writing Guides

Analytical Research Papers

Last updated on: Sep 25, 2024

Analytical Research Papers: A Detailed Walkthrough

By: Barbara P.

12 min read

Reviewed By:

Published on: May 6, 2024

analytical research papers

When exploring complex topics, traditional research methods often fall short, leaving gaps in our understanding.Analytical research papers offer a solution. They dig deeper, using critical thinking to analyze information thoroughly.In this blog, we'll explore analytical research papers, breaking down their purpose, structure, and methods. We’ll also compare argumentative and analytical papers, which are the two major types of research papers. By the end, you'll be equipped to break down complex subjects with confidence.

analytical research papers

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What is an Analytical Research Paper? 

An analytical research paper examines a topic or issue in-depth and provides a critical analysis based on evidence and logical reasoning. Unlike descriptive papers, analytical papers look deeper into the subject matter to uncover patterns, relationships, and insights.

Here are some key characteristics of an analytical research paper:

  • Critical Analysis: The primary focus is on analyzing and interpreting information rather than just presenting facts or descriptions.
  • Thesis Statement: Typically, an analytical research paper begins with a clear thesis statement that presents the main argument or perspective the paper will explore.
  • Evidence-Based: Your research paper always needs strong arguments and conclusions are always supported by evidence. They can come from various sources, such as scholarly articles, books, data, statistics, and empirical research.
  • Synthesis: In an analytical paper, you integrate multiple sources or perspectives to develop a comprehensive analysis.
  • Critical Thinking: Analytical research papers require critical thinking skills to evaluate information, identify assumptions, recognize biases, and draw reasoned conclusions.
  • Objective Tone: While the writer may have their own perspective, the tone of the paper should be objective and impartial. This allows us to focus on presenting evidence and analysis rather than personal opinions.
  • Engagement with Existing Literature: Analytical research papers often engage with existing scholarly literature on the topic. This is achieved either by building upon previous research or by offering new insights and interpretations.

Analytical Research Papers: Applications Across Fields 

Analytical papers are most commonly used in diverse fields of study, such as:

  • Social Sciences: Sociology, Psychology, Political Science, Economics, Anthropology.
  • Natural Sciences: Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Environmental Science.
  • Humanities: Literature, History, Philosophy, Cultural Studies.
  • Business and Management: Marketing, Finance, Organizational Behavior, Strategic Management.
  • Health and Medicine: Public Health, Epidemiology, Healthcare Policy, Medical Research.
  • Education: Educational Psychology, Curriculum Studies, Educational Policy Analysis.
  • Technology and Engineering: Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Data Science.
  • Environmental Studies: Climate Science, Environmental Policy, Conservation Biology.
  • Law and Legal Studies: Legal Research, Constitutional Law, International Law.
  • Interdisciplinary Studies: Gender Studies, Ethnic Studies, Urban Studies, Development Studies.

Methods of Conducting Analytical Research 

Analytical research involves different ways of collecting and studying data to understand and draw conclusions about a topic. The approach for conducting research depends on the nature of your research and the data you have. 

Here are the most common methods: 

Quantitative Analysis: Uses numerical data to find relationships, trends, and patterns through statistical methods like regression analysis, correlation analysis, and hypothesis testing.

Qualitative Analysis: Focuses on understanding meanings, interpretations, and subjective experiences using methods such as thematic analysis, content analysis, and grounded theory.

Mixed Methods Research: Combines both quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis techniques in a single study to fully understand the research problem or question.

Experimental Research: Involves changing variables to establish cause-and-effect relationships, typically done in controlled settings to test hypotheses and theories.

Case Study Analysis: Looks deeply into a specific case or situation to understand its underlying dynamics, context, and factors that affect outcomes.

Content Analysis: Systematically examines text, audio, or visual content to identify themes, patterns, and trends, often used in media studies, communication research, and textual analysis.

Observational Research: Systematically observes and records behaviors, events, or phenomena in their natural settings to gain insights into real-life behaviors and contexts.

Secondary Data Analysis: Involves studying data collected by others. It allows revisiting research questions, exploring new hypotheses, or conducting meta-analyses.

Different Parts of an Analytical Research Paper 

An analytical research paper typically consists of several key parts, each serving a specific purpose in presenting and analyzing the topic. 

Here's a breakdown of the main components:

Introduction: The introduction section provides background information on the topic and presents the thesis statement, which outlines the main argument or perspective of the paper.

Literature Review: The literature review summarizes and combines previous research and scholarly articles about the topic. This helps to give context and show understanding of the subject.

Body Paragraphs: This is the main section of the paper where analysis and arguments are presented in detail. Each body paragraph focuses on a specific aspect or subtopic related to the thesis statement.

Analysis and Interpretation: Within the body paragraphs of an analytical research paper, you provide critical analysis and interpretation of the evidence. You examine patterns, relationships, and implications of the data or information that was presented.

Conclusion: This is the final section that summarizes the main findings of the paper. In the research paper conclusion , restate the thesis in light of the evidence presented and highlight the significance of the research.

References or Works Cited: A list of all the sources cited in the paper, following the required citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago).

The Standard Analytical Research Paper Structure 

When structuring your analytical research paper, you should follow a standard research paper outline, such as:

How to Write an Analytical Research Paper? 

For writing an effective and comprehensive analytical research paper, you should follow the steps mentioned below: 

Step 1. Choose a Relevant Topic 

Pick a research topic that interests you and is suitable for analysis. It could be a book, a historical event, a scientific theory, or any subject you want to analyze deeply.

Step 2. Conduct Research 

Gather information from reliable sources such as books, articles, and reputable websites. Take notes and highlight key points that will help you understand the topic better.

Step 3. Develop a Thesis Statement 

This is the main idea or argument of your paper. It should be a clear statement that you'll analyze and support throughout your paper.

Step 4. Outline Your Paper 

Plan out the structure of your paper. Start with an introduction that introduces your topic and thesis statement, followed by body paragraphs where you analyze different aspects of the topic. End with a conclusion that summarizes your findings.

Step 5. Write Your Paper 

Start writing your paper following the paper outline you created. Each paragraph in the body should focus on a specific point or aspect of your topic. Use evidence from your research to support your analysis.

Step 6. Analyze Your Findings 

Dive deep into your topic and analyze the information you've gathered. Look for patterns, connections, or contradictions that can help you develop a deeper understanding.

Step 7. Stay Organized 

Make sure your paper flows logically from one point to the next. Use transitions between paragraphs to guide the reader through your analysis.

Step 8. Revise and Edit 

Once you've finished writing, go back, revise, and edit your research paper . Check for clarity, coherence, and consistency. Make sure your argument is well-supported and your analysis is thorough.

Analytical Research Paper Format 

When formatting your analytical research paper, you can opt for popular paper formats such as APA, Chicago, and MLA. However, in this blog, we will follow the formatting guidelines of the APA style. 

  • Use 1-inch margins on all sides of the document.
  • Use a clear and legible font such as Times New Roman or Arial, size 12.
  • Double-space the entire paper, including the title page, abstract, main body, and references.
  • Indent the first line of each paragraph using the tab key or the paragraph formatting option in your word processor.
  • Include a running head at the top of each page, consisting of a shortened version of your title (50 characters or fewer) in all caps, aligned left, and the page number aligned right.

Analytical Research Paper Examples 

Here are some PDF examples for analytical papers you can get inspiration from. 

Analytical Research Paper Sample

Analytical Research Paper Template

APA Analytical Research Paper Example

Analytical Research Paper Thesis Statement Examples

Analytical Research Paper Ideas 

Here are some good topics for an analytical research paper. Having these ideas at your disposal before writing your analytical paper with definitely give you a head start. 

  • Analyzing the role of social networks in the spread of misinformation.
  • Investigating the effects of mindfulness practices on workplace productivity.
  • Examining the psychological impact of long-term space travel on astronauts.
  • Analyzing the relationship between urban design and community well-being.
  • Exploring the effectiveness of different parenting styles on child development.
  • Investigating the impact of cultural stereotypes on academic achievement.
  • Analyzing the effectiveness of conservation strategies in preserving biodiversity.
  • Examining the influence of music on mood regulation and emotional well-being.
  • Investigating the relationship between access to technology and educational outcomes.
  • Analyzing the impact of nutrition education programs on dietary habits.
  • Exploring the role of empathy in conflict resolution and peacebuilding.

Common Analytical Research Paper Types 

Analytical research papers can take various forms depending on the specific focus and methodology used as well. Some common types include:

  • Comparative Analysis Papers: These papers compare and contrast different perspectives, theories, methodologies, or approaches to a particular topic or problem.
  • Case study analysis papers: These analytical papers examine a specific case or example in order to explore the underlying issues, causes, effects, and potential solutions.
  • Policy Analysis Papers: Such papers examine the effectiveness, implications, and potential improvements of existing policies or proposed policy solutions to address societal issues.
  • Statistical Analysis Papers: Statistical analysis papers use quantitative data and statistical methods to explore relationships, patterns, trends, and correlations within a dataset or across multiple datasets.
  • Literary Analysis Papers: Literary analysis papers critically examine literary works, such as novels, poems, plays, or essays. Such papers uncover themes, symbolism, character development, and other literary elements.
  • Critical Analysis Papers: This paper type evaluates and critiques scholarly articles, books, or other academic works. These analytical papers assess the academic works’ arguments, methodologies, evidence, and contributions to the field.
  • Theoretical Analysis Papers: These papers examine and evaluate theoretical frameworks, models, or concepts. They assess their applicability, validity, and relevance to understanding real-world phenomena.
  • Qualitative Research Papers: Qualitative research papers use qualitative methods, such as interviews, observations, or content analysis. These papers explore subjective experiences, attitudes, behaviors, and social phenomena.
  • Mixed-Methods Research Papers: Mixed-methods research papers integrate quantitative and qualitative approaches to understand a research problem or question comprehensively.

Difference Between Argumentative and Analytical Research Papers

Among many research paper types, there are two major categories, argumentative and analytical research papers. Here are the major differences between both research paper types. 

In closing thoughts, 

Analytical research papers are among the most widely used papers in academics. In your educational career, you may come across situations where you’re required to submit analytical research papers. 

Our blog serves as the go-to guide for understanding every aspect of an analytical paper. From the basics, research methods, paper format, and writing steps to examples, we make sure to increase your knowledge of analytical research. But, if you need help with professional writing, we have a solution for that as well!

SharkPapers.com is a trusted platform for research paper writing help . Whether you need guidance with analytical, experimental, survey, or other types of research papers, our seasoned writers can do it all.

So what are you waiting for? Order from our custom essay papers writing service to get original papers written just for you. 

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a research paper and an analysis paper.

Research papers gather information from various sources to uncover new insights or theories. They aim to contribute fresh findings to the field.

On the other hand, analysis papers scrutinize existing information or data. Their goal is to interpret the significance or meaning of that information. They provide a deeper understanding of different perspectives without necessarily introducing new findings.

What are the examples of analytical research?

Examples of analytical research include:

  • Analyzing the causes and effects of climate change.
  • Examining the impact of social media on mental health among teenagers.
  • Investigating factors contributing to economic inequality in a specific region.
  • Exploring symbolism in a literary work and its significance.
  • Studying the effectiveness of different teaching methods in improving student learning outcomes.

Barbara P.

Barbara has a Ph.D. in public health from an Ivy League university and extensive experience working in the medical field. With her practical experience conducting research on various health issues, she is skilled in writing innovative papers on healthcare. Her many works have been published in multiple publications.

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Free Analytical Essay Examples

Analytical essays are written to share the author’s insights on a piece of literature, event, or phenomenon. They provide an in-depth analysis of the chosen topic, often taking contrasting points of view to test their viability. These essays are the most common in newspapers and magazines, although academic journals can also publish the genre. Teachers assign analytical papers to high-school and college students.

Analytical essay examples range from art, music, and books to current or historical events, philosophy, and scientific research.

The list of analytical essay samples below will help you achieve the best result in your writing.

1369 Best Analytical Essay Examples

Walgreens and cvs health: proxy statements & annual reports.

  • Subjects: Accounting Business
  • Words: 1108

GCGDA’s Project Management

  • Subjects: Business Management
  • Words: 2771

Facebook Company

  • Subjects: Business Company Analysis
  • Words: 1478

The Rise of the Papacy

  • Subjects: Religion Religion History
  • Words: 1375

Outsourcing in Public and Private Entities

  • Words: 3078

Regional Trade Agreements

  • Subjects: Economics Trade
  • Words: 1178

Value of Eclectic Paradigm in Relation to International Business

  • Words: 1028

Analysis of UK Economy

  • Subjects: Economics Political Economy Processes
  • Words: 3024

Saudi Dairy & Foodstuff Company Supply Chain Management

  • Subjects: Business Logistics
  • Words: 4966

Ford Automobile Strategic Business Model

  • Subjects: Business Strategy
  • Words: 1149

Heineken: A Company and a Brand

  • Words: 2784

Reducing Violent Street Gangs and Delinquent Activity in a Cost-Effective Manner

  • Subjects: Sociology Violence
  • Words: 1447

Motion to Suppress Evidence

  • Subjects: Common Law Law
  • Words: 1949

The Strategic Management Of Sport Organizations

The impact of studying abroad on graduate employability.

  • Words: 1893

Plato’s Thoughts About Education

  • Subjects: Education Education Theories
  • Words: 1399

Sexism in the English Language

  • Subjects: Languages Linguistics

Methamphetamine Abuse and Foster Placement

  • Subjects: Psychology Psychology of Abuse
  • Words: 1124

Planning Law and Governance

  • Subjects: Government Politics & Government
  • Words: 1184

Australian Education Policy

  • Words: 1608

Social Rules in Gabriel Garcia Marquez’ “Chronicle of a Death Foretold”

  • Subjects: Sociological Theories Sociology
  • Words: 1104

Comparison Between the Two Stories “Kitchen” and “Spirited World”

  • Subjects: Comparative Literature Literature

Is the Rise of China a Threat or an Opportunity for Europe?

  • Subjects: International Relations Politics & Government
  • Words: 1983

International Financial Reporting Standards in Kazakhstan

  • Words: 3141

TNT Company’s Marketing Management and Strategy

  • Subjects: Business Marketing
  • Words: 2248

Buyer Behavior and Integrated Marketing Communications

  • Words: 1937

Organizations and Economic Environment

  • Subjects: Economics Macroeconomics
  • Words: 1523

Labour Regulation in The Clean Air Act

  • Subjects: Labor Law Law

Language and Culture Interaction in English Language Teaching

  • Subjects: Literature World Literature
  • Words: 2061

Multinational Enterprises and Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

  • Subjects: Business Company Structure
  • Words: 1781

Organizational Behaviour and Leadership

  • Subjects: Business Management Theories
  • Words: 3642

SOS Systems Engineering, Integration, and Architecting

  • Subjects: Engineering Tech & Engineering
  • Words: 1643

Economic Situation in Germany: Analysis & Forecasts

  • Words: 3923

Communist Manifesto, Time and Social Issues

  • Subjects: Politics & Government Social & Political Theory
  • Words: 1409

London’s Airports Strategy

  • Subjects: Air Transport Transportation
  • Words: 5498

Adolescent Sexuality and Sexual Health

  • Words: 2770

Islamic Culture: Land Ownership in Pakistan

  • Words: 6179

The Causes and Consequences of the 2004 Tsunami in Sri Lanka

  • Subjects: Disasters Environment
  • Words: 3372

Trauma of Sexually Abused Children

  • Words: 3344

Impact of Learner-Centered Approach on the Teaching of Language for Specific Purposes (ESP)

  • Subjects: Education Learning Challenges
  • Words: 2773

The Influence of Consumerism on 7-11 Years Children

  • Subjects: Sociological Issues Sociology
  • Words: 1388

Technologies, E-business, and Virtual Organizations

  • Subjects: Business E-Commerce
  • Words: 3063

Impact of Technology on Healthcare Services

  • Subjects: Health & Medicine Health IT
  • Words: 1238

Ethical Decision Making Models in Guerrilla Government

  • Subjects: Environment Environmental Studies

Instability and Division of Yemen

  • Words: 1457

Community Development in Theory and Practice

  • Words: 2052

The Importance of Organisational Culture

  • Subjects: Business Organizational Management
  • Words: 2222

General Motor Corporation in China

  • Words: 2269

Family Therapy: Bowenian and Narrative Approaches

  • Subjects: Behavior Psychology
  • Words: 3602

Organisational Sustainability and Climate Change Strategy

  • Words: 2210

Behavior Matters in Our Life

  • Words: 1688

Toyota Plant Case – Lexus RX 330 Line Plant Location

  • Subjects: Business Case Study

The Role of Leadership in Business and Its Advantages

  • Words: 1738

Why Migration Cannot Be a Basic Human Right but Always Been a Part of Human Culture

  • Subjects: Immigration Sociology
  • Words: 1686

The Effects of the American Correctional Policy

  • Words: 1228

Trends in the Workplace

Epistemological nature of the knowledge and skills needed for real estate management, the ethical issues of genetic engineering.

  • Words: 2755

Management of Human Resources: Sound Recruitment and Selection Systems

  • Words: 1181

Early Gifted Education: Why Is It Needed?

  • Words: 4017

London Interbank Offered Rate Scandal

  • Subjects: Big Economic Issues Economics
  • Words: 1189

Separation Between Girls and Boys in the Classroom

  • Words: 3093

What Is Social Class and How Does It Contribute to Our Understanding of the Social Determinants of Health?

  • Words: 1460

Piaget’s Quote in Relation to Adult Learning

  • Words: 1140

Model of the social contract

  • Words: 1410

Tanzania and the Local Communities

  • Subjects: Environment Planet Protection
  • Words: 1007

Job Analysis Importance

  • Subjects: Business Professions
  • Words: 1471

Instructional Design Principles and Theory

A journey to the disneyland: from oswald to cinderella. walt disney and his personal demons.

  • Words: 3327

Exegetical Study of Biblical Divorce

  • Subjects: Religion Sociology of Religion
  • Words: 2842

Kantian Perspective on Water Privatisation

  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories Philosophy
  • Words: 1132

Integrated Marketing Communication Approaches in the Global Market Place

  • Words: 3373

HRM Challenges in Multinational Companies

  • Words: 2212

Is the sweatshop concept adopted by the U.S. manufactures overseas ethical?

  • Words: 2237

Affirmative Action Policy in the US

  • Words: 1106

Assessment and Evaluation Using Technology

Managing values and corporate responsibility in global business operations.

  • Subjects: Business Business Ethics
  • Words: 2522

Employee Attitudes and Work-Related Behaviour: Ongoing Challenge for the Contemporary Manager

  • Words: 1998

Impact of Global Warming on Wine Makers

  • Words: 3347

Google Does No Evil

  • Subjects: Internet Tech & Engineering
  • Words: 1194

The emergence of a discourse of class disgust and neoliberal citizenship

  • Words: 1683

Effective Assessment and Evaluation

Content analysis of gender roles in media.

  • Subjects: Gender Studies Sociology

Wal-Mart and Its Unexpected Marketing Results

Studying abroad as a chance to employed.

  • Words: 1714

Education, Knowledge, and Social Change

  • Words: 2149

Challenges of Millenial Generation

  • Words: 1408

Project Management: Conceptual Analysis

Causes of gasoline price fluctuations.

  • Subjects: Business Industry

Fashion of Lebanon

  • Subjects: Design Fashion
  • Words: 2791

Domestic and Global Expansion

The shift from global to international strategy, preparing a case analysis: swot.

  • Words: 1141

Landscape Ecology: Developing a New Discipline

  • Subjects: Environment Environmental Processes

Analyzing the Findings of Falcons

Charter communication company: case analysis.

  • Words: 1113

Contribution of Playstation and Playstation 2 to the World

Tenure and divorce status correlation in an organization.

  • Subjects: Business Decision Making

Reverse Logistics at the Planning

  • Words: 1126

Strategic Management Accounting

  • Words: 3118

Men and Women in Internet and Social Media: Real-Life Stereotypes in the Virtual Communication

  • Subjects: Gender Identity Sociology
  • Words: 2863

The High Line Park Transformation into a Public Park

  • Words: 1946

Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Strategies

Demand for energy. energy sources.

  • Subjects: Ecology Environment
  • Words: 2539

Nuclear disarmament as a way to keep peace and provide human security

  • Words: 3071

Zhao Zhao and the Chinese Contemporary Art

  • Subjects: Art Visual Arts
  • Words: 1720

Martha Stewart case analysis

  • Subjects: Judicial Process on Criminals Law

Amazon Basin Economics: Brazil and Ecuador

  • Words: 3044

Human Rights in 21st Century: China

  • Words: 1176

Introduction to Global Business

  • Words: 2036

The Post-Colonial Theory of the Large European Empires

  • Words: 1395

Comparison of Guided Search Model and Feature Integration Model of Visual Search

  • Subjects: Cognition and Perception Psychology
  • Words: 1857

Using Activity-Based Management to Evaluate a Business

  • Words: 4114

Is There a Particular Attachment Style Linked With Conduct Disordered Children

  • Subjects: Development Psychology
  • Words: 1701

“Long Walk to Freedom” by Nelson Mandela

  • Subjects: Historical Figures History

Tennessee Williams: Characters in “The Glass Menagerie”

  • Subjects: American Literature Literature

Kant’s Philosophy: Water and Ethics

Bonnie and clyde at shotgun players in berkeley.

  • Subjects: Art Theater
  • Words: 1413

Influence of the Formal Cultural System on Ethics

  • Subjects: Ethics Sociology
  • Words: 2287

Vulnerability of World Countries to Climate Change

  • Words: 2483

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8.5 Writing Process: Creating an Analytical Report

Learning outcomes.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:

  • Identify the elements of the rhetorical situation for your report.
  • Find and focus a topic to write about.
  • Gather and analyze information from appropriate sources.
  • Distinguish among different kinds of evidence.
  • Draft a thesis and create an organizational plan.
  • Compose a report that develops ideas and integrates evidence from sources.
  • Give and act on productive feedback to works in progress.

You might think that writing comes easily to experienced writers—that they draft stories and college papers all at once, sitting down at the computer and having sentences flow from their fingers like water from a faucet. In reality, most writers engage in a recursive process, pushing forward, stepping back, and repeating steps multiple times as their ideas develop and change. In broad strokes, the steps most writers go through are these:

  • Planning and Organization . You will have an easier time drafting if you devote time at the beginning to consider the rhetorical situation for your report, understand your assignment, gather ideas and information, draft a thesis statement, and create an organizational plan.
  • Drafting . When you have an idea of what you want to say and the order in which you want to say it, you’re ready to draft. As much as possible, keep going until you have a complete first draft of your report, resisting the urge to go back and rewrite. Save that for after you have completed a first draft.
  • Review . Now is the time to get feedback from others, whether from your instructor, your classmates, a tutor in the writing center, your roommate, someone in your family, or someone else you trust to read your writing critically and give you honest feedback.
  • Revising . With feedback on your draft, you are ready to revise. You may need to return to an earlier step and make large-scale revisions that involve planning, organizing, and rewriting, or you may need to work mostly on ensuring that your sentences are clear and correct.

Considering the Rhetorical Situation

Like other kinds of writing projects, a report starts with assessing the rhetorical situation —the circumstance in which a writer communicates with an audience of readers about a subject. As the writer of a report, you make choices based on the purpose of your writing, the audience who will read it, the genre of the report, and the expectations of the community and culture in which you are working. A graphic organizer like Table 8.1 can help you begin.

Summary of Assignment

Write an analytical report on a topic that interests you and that you want to know more about. The topic can be contemporary or historical, but it must be one that you can analyze and support with evidence from sources.

The following questions can help you think about a topic suitable for analysis:

  • Why or how did ________ happen?
  • What are the results or effects of ________?
  • Is ________ a problem? If so, why?
  • What are examples of ________ or reasons for ________?
  • How does ________ compare to or contrast with other issues, concerns, or things?

Consult and cite three to five reliable sources. The sources do not have to be scholarly for this assignment, but they must be credible, trustworthy, and unbiased. Possible sources include academic journals, newspapers, magazines, reputable websites, government publications or agency websites, and visual sources such as TED Talks. You may also use the results of an experiment or survey, and you may want to conduct interviews.

Consider whether visuals and media will enhance your report. Can you present data you collect visually? Would a map, photograph, chart, or other graphic provide interesting and relevant support? Would video or audio allow you to present evidence that you would otherwise need to describe in words?

Another Lens. To gain another analytic view on the topic of your report, consider different people affected by it. Say, for example, that you have decided to report on recent high school graduates and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the final months of their senior year. If you are a recent high school graduate, you might naturally gravitate toward writing about yourself and your peers. But you might also consider the adults in the lives of recent high school graduates—for example, teachers, parents, or grandparents—and how they view the same period. Or you might consider the same topic from the perspective of a college admissions department looking at their incoming freshman class.

Quick Launch: Finding and Focusing a Topic

Coming up with a topic for a report can be daunting because you can report on nearly anything. The topic can easily get too broad, trapping you in the realm of generalizations. The trick is to find a topic that interests you and focus on an angle you can analyze in order to say something significant about it. You can use a graphic organizer to generate ideas, or you can use a concept map similar to the one featured in Writing Process: Thinking Critically About a “Text.”

Asking the Journalist’s Questions

One way to generate ideas about a topic is to ask the five W (and one H) questions, also called the journalist’s questions : Who? What? When? Where? Why? How? Try answering the following questions to explore a topic:

Who was or is involved in ________?

What happened/is happening with ________? What were/are the results of ________?

When did ________ happen? Is ________ happening now?

Where did ________ happen, or where is ________ happening?

Why did ________ happen, or why is ________ happening now?

How did ________ happen?

For example, imagine that you have decided to write your analytical report on the effect of the COVID-19 shutdown on high-school students by interviewing students on your college campus. Your questions and answers might look something like those in Table 8.2 :

Asking Focused Questions

Another way to find a topic is to ask focused questions about it. For example, you might ask the following questions about the effect of the 2020 pandemic shutdown on recent high school graduates:

  • How did the shutdown change students’ feelings about their senior year?
  • How did the shutdown affect their decisions about post-graduation plans, such as work or going to college?
  • How did the shutdown affect their academic performance in high school or in college?
  • How did/do they feel about continuing their education?
  • How did the shutdown affect their social relationships?

Any of these questions might be developed into a thesis for an analytical report. Table 8.3 shows more examples of broad topics and focusing questions.

Gathering Information

Because they are based on information and evidence, most analytical reports require you to do at least some research. Depending on your assignment, you may be able to find reliable information online, or you may need to do primary research by conducting an experiment, a survey, or interviews. For example, if you live among students in their late teens and early twenties, consider what they can tell you about their lives that you might be able to analyze. Returning to or graduating from high school, starting college, or returning to college in the midst of a global pandemic has provided them, for better or worse, with educational and social experiences that are shared widely by people their age and very different from the experiences older adults had at the same age.

Some report assignments will require you to do formal research, an activity that involves finding sources and evaluating them for reliability, reading them carefully, taking notes, and citing all words you quote and ideas you borrow. See Research Process: Accessing and Recording Information and Annotated Bibliography: Gathering, Evaluating, and Documenting Sources for detailed instruction on conducting research.

Whether you conduct in-depth research or not, keep track of the ideas that come to you and the information you learn. You can write or dictate notes using an app on your phone or computer, or you can jot notes in a journal if you prefer pen and paper. Then, when you are ready to begin organizing your report, you will have a record of your thoughts and information. Always track the sources of information you gather, whether from printed or digital material or from a person you interviewed, so that you can return to the sources if you need more information. And always credit the sources in your report.

Kinds of Evidence

Depending on your assignment and the topic of your report, certain kinds of evidence may be more effective than others. Other kinds of evidence may even be required. As a general rule, choose evidence that is rooted in verifiable facts and experience. In addition, select the evidence that best supports the topic and your approach to the topic, be sure the evidence meets your instructor’s requirements, and cite any evidence you use that comes from a source. The following list contains different kinds of frequently used evidence and an example of each.

Definition : An explanation of a key word, idea, or concept.

The U.S. Census Bureau refers to a “young adult” as a person between 18 and 34 years old.

Example : An illustration of an idea or concept.

The college experience in the fall of 2020 was starkly different from that of previous years. Students who lived in residence halls were assigned to small pods. On-campus dining services were limited. Classes were small and physically distanced or conducted online. Parties were banned.

Expert opinion : A statement by a professional in the field whose opinion is respected.

According to Louise Aronson, MD, geriatrician and author of Elderhood , people over the age of 65 are the happiest of any age group, reporting “less stress, depression, worry, and anger, and more enjoyment, happiness, and satisfaction” (255).

Fact : Information that can be proven correct or accurate.

According to data collected by the NCAA, the academic success of Division I college athletes between 2015 and 2019 was consistently high (Hosick).

Interview : An in-person, phone, or remote conversation that involves an interviewer posing questions to another person or people.

During our interview, I asked Betty about living without a cell phone during the pandemic. She said that before the pandemic, she hadn’t needed a cell phone in her daily activities, but she soon realized that she, and people like her, were increasingly at a disadvantage.

Quotation : The exact words of an author or a speaker.

In response to whether she thought she needed a cell phone, Betty said, “I got along just fine without a cell phone when I could go everywhere in person. The shift to needing a phone came suddenly, and I don’t have extra money in my budget to get one.”

Statistics : A numerical fact or item of data.

The Pew Research Center reported that approximately 25 percent of Hispanic Americans and 17 percent of Black Americans relied on smartphones for online access, compared with 12 percent of White people.

Survey : A structured interview in which respondents (the people who answer the survey questions) are all asked the same questions, either in person or through print or electronic means, and their answers tabulated and interpreted. Surveys discover attitudes, beliefs, or habits of the general public or segments of the population.

A survey of 3,000 mobile phone users in October 2020 showed that 54 percent of respondents used their phones for messaging, while 40 percent used their phones for calls (Steele).

  • Visuals : Graphs, figures, tables, photographs and other images, diagrams, charts, maps, videos, and audio recordings, among others.

Thesis and Organization

Drafting a thesis.

When you have a grasp of your topic, move on to the next phase: drafting a thesis. The thesis is the central idea that you will explore and support in your report; all paragraphs in your report should relate to it. In an essay-style analytical report, you will likely express this main idea in a thesis statement of one or two sentences toward the end of the introduction.

For example, if you found that the academic performance of student athletes was higher than that of non-athletes, you might write the following thesis statement:

student sample text Although a common stereotype is that college athletes barely pass their classes, an analysis of athletes’ academic performance indicates that athletes drop fewer classes, earn higher grades, and are more likely to be on track to graduate in four years when compared with their non-athlete peers. end student sample text

The thesis statement often previews the organization of your writing. For example, in his report on the U.S. response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, Trevor Garcia wrote the following thesis statement, which detailed the central idea of his report:

student sample text An examination of the U.S. response shows that a reduction of experts in key positions and programs, inaction that led to equipment shortages, and inconsistent policies were three major causes of the spread of the virus and the resulting deaths. end student sample text

After you draft a thesis statement, ask these questions, and examine your thesis as you answer them. Revise your draft as needed.

  • Is it interesting? A thesis for a report should answer a question that is worth asking and piques curiosity.
  • Is it precise and specific? If you are interested in reducing pollution in a nearby lake, explain how to stop the zebra mussel infestation or reduce the frequent algae blooms.
  • Is it manageable? Try to split the difference between having too much information and not having enough.

Organizing Your Ideas

As a next step, organize the points you want to make in your report and the evidence to support them. Use an outline, a diagram, or another organizational tool, such as Table 8.4 .

Drafting an Analytical Report

With a tentative thesis, an organization plan, and evidence, you are ready to begin drafting. For this assignment, you will report information, analyze it, and draw conclusions about the cause of something, the effect of something, or the similarities and differences between two different things.

Introduction

Some students write the introduction first; others save it for last. Whenever you choose to write the introduction, use it to draw readers into your report. Make the topic of your report clear, and be concise and sincere. End the introduction with your thesis statement. Depending on your topic and the type of report, you can write an effective introduction in several ways. Opening a report with an overview is a tried-and-true strategy, as shown in the following example on the U.S. response to COVID-19 by Trevor Garcia. Notice how he opens the introduction with statistics and a comparison and follows it with a question that leads to the thesis statement (underlined).

student sample text With more than 83 million cases and 1.8 million deaths at the end of 2020, COVID-19 has turned the world upside down. By the end of 2020, the United States led the world in the number of cases, at more than 20 million infections and nearly 350,000 deaths. In comparison, the second-highest number of cases was in India, which at the end of 2020 had less than half the number of COVID-19 cases despite having a population four times greater than the U.S. (“COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic,” 2021). How did the United States come to have the world’s worst record in this pandemic? underline An examination of the U.S. response shows that a reduction of experts in key positions and programs, inaction that led to equipment shortages, and inconsistent policies were three major causes of the spread of the virus and the resulting deaths end underline . end student sample text

For a less formal report, you might want to open with a question, quotation, or brief story. The following example opens with an anecdote that leads to the thesis statement (underlined).

student sample text Betty stood outside the salon, wondering how to get in. It was June of 2020, and the door was locked. A sign posted on the door provided a phone number for her to call to be let in, but at 81, Betty had lived her life without a cell phone. Betty’s day-to-day life had been hard during the pandemic, but she had planned for this haircut and was looking forward to it; she had a mask on and hand sanitizer in her car. Now she couldn’t get in the door, and she was discouraged. In that moment, Betty realized how much Americans’ dependence on cell phones had grown in the months since the pandemic began. underline Betty and thousands of other senior citizens who could not afford cell phones or did not have the technological skills and support they needed were being left behind in a society that was increasingly reliant on technology end underline . end student sample text

Body Paragraphs: Point, Evidence, Analysis

Use the body paragraphs of your report to present evidence that supports your thesis. A reliable pattern to keep in mind for developing the body paragraphs of a report is point , evidence , and analysis :

  • The point is the central idea of the paragraph, usually given in a topic sentence stated in your own words at or toward the beginning of the paragraph. Each topic sentence should relate to the thesis.
  • The evidence you provide develops the paragraph and supports the point made in the topic sentence. Include details, examples, quotations, paraphrases, and summaries from sources if you conducted formal research. Synthesize the evidence you include by showing in your sentences the connections between sources.
  • The analysis comes at the end of the paragraph. In your own words, draw a conclusion about the evidence you have provided and how it relates to the topic sentence.

The paragraph below illustrates the point, evidence, and analysis pattern. Drawn from a report about concussions among football players, the paragraph opens with a topic sentence about the NCAA and NFL and their responses to studies about concussions. The paragraph is developed with evidence from three sources. It concludes with a statement about helmets and players’ safety.

student sample text The NCAA and NFL have taken steps forward and backward to respond to studies about the danger of concussions among players. Responding to the deaths of athletes, documented brain damage, lawsuits, and public outcry (Buckley et al., 2017), the NCAA instituted protocols to reduce potentially dangerous hits during football games and to diagnose traumatic head injuries more quickly and effectively. Still, it has allowed players to wear more than one style of helmet during a season, raising the risk of injury because of imperfect fit. At the professional level, the NFL developed a helmet-rating system in 2011 in an effort to reduce concussions, but it continued to allow players to wear helmets with a wide range of safety ratings. The NFL’s decision created an opportunity for researchers to look at the relationship between helmet safety ratings and concussions. Cocello et al. (2016) reported that players who wore helmets with a lower safety rating had more concussions than players who wore helmets with a higher safety rating, and they concluded that safer helmets are a key factor in reducing concussions. end student sample text

Developing Paragraph Content

In the body paragraphs of your report, you will likely use examples, draw comparisons, show contrasts, or analyze causes and effects to develop your topic.

Paragraphs developed with Example are common in reports. The paragraph below, adapted from a report by student John Zwick on the mental health of soldiers deployed during wartime, draws examples from three sources.

student sample text Throughout the Vietnam War, military leaders claimed that the mental health of soldiers was stable and that men who suffered from combat fatigue, now known as PTSD, were getting the help they needed. For example, the New York Times (1966) quoted military leaders who claimed that mental fatigue among enlisted men had “virtually ceased to be a problem,” occurring at a rate far below that of World War II. Ayres (1969) reported that Brigadier General Spurgeon Neel, chief American medical officer in Vietnam, explained that soldiers experiencing combat fatigue were admitted to the psychiatric ward, sedated for up to 36 hours, and given a counseling session with a doctor who reassured them that the rest was well deserved and that they were ready to return to their units. Although experts outside the military saw profound damage to soldiers’ psyches when they returned home (Halloran, 1970), the military stayed the course, treating acute cases expediently and showing little concern for the cumulative effect of combat stress on individual soldiers. end student sample text

When you analyze causes and effects , you explain the reasons that certain things happened and/or their results. The report by Trevor Garcia on the U.S. response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 is an example: his report examines the reasons the United States failed to control the coronavirus. The paragraph below, adapted from another student’s report written for an environmental policy course, explains the effect of white settlers’ views of forest management on New England.

student sample text The early colonists’ European ideas about forest management dramatically changed the New England landscape. White settlers saw the New World as virgin, unused land, even though indigenous people had been drawing on its resources for generations by using fire subtly to improve hunting, employing construction techniques that left ancient trees intact, and farming small, efficient fields that left the surrounding landscape largely unaltered. White settlers’ desire to develop wood-built and wood-burning homesteads surrounded by large farm fields led to forestry practices and techniques that resulted in the removal of old-growth trees. These practices defined the way the forests look today. end student sample text

Compare and contrast paragraphs are useful when you wish to examine similarities and differences. You can use both comparison and contrast in a single paragraph, or you can use one or the other. The paragraph below, adapted from a student report on the rise of populist politicians, compares the rhetorical styles of populist politicians Huey Long and Donald Trump.

student sample text A key similarity among populist politicians is their rejection of carefully crafted sound bites and erudite vocabulary typically associated with candidates for high office. Huey Long and Donald Trump are two examples. When he ran for president, Long captured attention through his wild gesticulations on almost every word, dramatically varying volume, and heavily accented, folksy expressions, such as “The only way to be able to feed the balance of the people is to make that man come back and bring back some of that grub that he ain’t got no business with!” In addition, Long’s down-home persona made him a credible voice to represent the common people against the country’s rich, and his buffoonish style allowed him to express his radical ideas without sounding anti-communist alarm bells. Similarly, Donald Trump chose to speak informally in his campaign appearances, but the persona he projected was that of a fast-talking, domineering salesman. His frequent use of personal anecdotes, rhetorical questions, brief asides, jokes, personal attacks, and false claims made his speeches disjointed, but they gave the feeling of a running conversation between him and his audience. For example, in a 2015 speech, Trump said, “They just built a hotel in Syria. Can you believe this? They built a hotel. When I have to build a hotel, I pay interest. They don’t have to pay interest, because they took the oil that, when we left Iraq, I said we should’ve taken” (“Our Country Needs” 2020). While very different in substance, Long and Trump adopted similar styles that positioned them as the antithesis of typical politicians and their worldviews. end student sample text

The conclusion should draw the threads of your report together and make its significance clear to readers. You may wish to review the introduction, restate the thesis, recommend a course of action, point to the future, or use some combination of these. Whichever way you approach it, the conclusion should not head in a new direction. The following example is the conclusion from a student’s report on the effect of a book about environmental movements in the United States.

student sample text Since its publication in 1949, environmental activists of various movements have found wisdom and inspiration in Aldo Leopold’s A Sand County Almanac . These audiences included Leopold’s conservationist contemporaries, environmentalists of the 1960s and 1970s, and the environmental justice activists who rose in the 1980s and continue to make their voices heard today. These audiences have read the work differently: conservationists looked to the author as a leader, environmentalists applied his wisdom to their movement, and environmental justice advocates have pointed out the flaws in Leopold’s thinking. Even so, like those before them, environmental justice activists recognize the book’s value as a testament to taking the long view and eliminating biases that may cloud an objective assessment of humanity’s interdependent relationship with the environment. end student sample text

Citing Sources

You must cite the sources of information and data included in your report. Citations must appear in both the text and a bibliography at the end of the report.

The sample paragraphs in the previous section include examples of in-text citation using APA documentation style. Trevor Garcia’s report on the U.S. response to COVID-19 in 2020 also uses APA documentation style for citations in the text of the report and the list of references at the end. Your instructor may require another documentation style, such as MLA or Chicago.

Peer Review: Getting Feedback from Readers

You will likely engage in peer review with other students in your class by sharing drafts and providing feedback to help spot strengths and weaknesses in your reports. For peer review within a class, your instructor may provide assignment-specific questions or a form for you to complete as you work together.

If you have a writing center on your campus, it is well worth your time to make an online or in-person appointment with a tutor. You’ll receive valuable feedback and improve your ability to review not only your report but your overall writing.

Another way to receive feedback on your report is to ask a friend or family member to read your draft. Provide a list of questions or a form such as the one in Table 8.5 for them to complete as they read.

Revising: Using Reviewers’ Responses to Revise your Work

When you receive comments from readers, including your instructor, read each comment carefully to understand what is being asked. Try not to get defensive, even though this response is completely natural. Remember that readers are like coaches who want you to succeed. They are looking at your writing from outside your own head, and they can identify strengths and weaknesses that you may not have noticed. Keep track of the strengths and weaknesses your readers point out. Pay special attention to those that more than one reader identifies, and use this information to improve your report and later assignments.

As you analyze each response, be open to suggestions for improvement, and be willing to make significant revisions to improve your writing. Perhaps you need to revise your thesis statement to better reflect the content of your draft. Maybe you need to return to your sources to better understand a point you’re trying to make in order to develop a paragraph more fully. Perhaps you need to rethink the organization, move paragraphs around, and add transition sentences.

Below is an early draft of part of Trevor Garcia’s report with comments from a peer reviewer:

student sample text To truly understand what happened, it’s important first to look back to the years leading up to the pandemic. Epidemiologists and public health officials had long known that a global pandemic was possible. In 2016, the U.S. National Security Council (NSC) published a 69-page document with the intimidating title Playbook for Early Response to High-Consequence Emerging Infectious Disease Threats and Biological Incidents . The document’s two sections address responses to “emerging disease threats that start or are circulating in another country but not yet confirmed within U.S. territorial borders” and to “emerging disease threats within our nation’s borders.” On 13 January 2017, the joint Obama-Trump transition teams performed a pandemic preparedness exercise; however, the playbook was never adopted by the incoming administration. end student sample text

annotated text Peer Review Comment: Do the words in quotation marks need to be a direct quotation? It seems like a paraphrase would work here. end annotated text

annotated text Peer Review Comment: I’m getting lost in the details about the playbook. What’s the Obama-Trump transition team? end annotated text

student sample text In February 2018, the administration began to cut funding for the Prevention and Public Health Fund at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; cuts to other health agencies continued throughout 2018, with funds diverted to unrelated projects such as housing for detained immigrant children. end student sample text

annotated text Peer Review Comment: This paragraph has only one sentence, and it’s more like an example. It needs a topic sentence and more development. end annotated text

student sample text Three months later, Luciana Borio, director of medical and biodefense preparedness at the NSC, spoke at a symposium marking the centennial of the 1918 influenza pandemic. “The threat of pandemic flu is the number one health security concern,” she said. “Are we ready to respond? I fear the answer is no.” end student sample text

annotated text Peer Review Comment: This paragraph is very short and a lot like the previous paragraph in that it’s a single example. It needs a topic sentence. Maybe you can combine them? end annotated text

annotated text Peer Review Comment: Be sure to cite the quotation. end annotated text

Reading these comments and those of others, Trevor decided to combine the three short paragraphs into one paragraph focusing on the fact that the United States knew a pandemic was possible but was unprepared for it. He developed the paragraph, using the short paragraphs as evidence and connecting the sentences and evidence with transitional words and phrases. Finally, he added in-text citations in APA documentation style to credit his sources. The revised paragraph is below:

student sample text Epidemiologists and public health officials in the United States had long known that a global pandemic was possible. In 2016, the National Security Council (NSC) published Playbook for Early Response to High-Consequence Emerging Infectious Disease Threats and Biological Incidents , a 69-page document on responding to diseases spreading within and outside of the United States. On January 13, 2017, the joint transition teams of outgoing president Barack Obama and then president-elect Donald Trump performed a pandemic preparedness exercise based on the playbook; however, it was never adopted by the incoming administration (Goodman & Schulkin, 2020). A year later, in February 2018, the Trump administration began to cut funding for the Prevention and Public Health Fund at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, leaving key positions unfilled. Other individuals who were fired or resigned in 2018 were the homeland security adviser, whose portfolio included global pandemics; the director for medical and biodefense preparedness; and the top official in charge of a pandemic response. None of them were replaced, leaving the White House with no senior person who had experience in public health (Goodman & Schulkin, 2020). Experts voiced concerns, among them Luciana Borio, director of medical and biodefense preparedness at the NSC, who spoke at a symposium marking the centennial of the 1918 influenza pandemic in May 2018: “The threat of pandemic flu is the number one health security concern,” she said. “Are we ready to respond? I fear the answer is no” (Sun, 2018, final para.). end student sample text

A final word on working with reviewers’ comments: as you consider your readers’ suggestions, remember, too, that you remain the author. You are free to disregard suggestions that you think will not improve your writing. If you choose to disregard comments from your instructor, consider submitting a note explaining your reasons with the final draft of your report.

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  • Publication date: Dec 21, 2021
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