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Unlock your true potential with IGNOU Buddy, where our thriving community of motivated IGNOU students unites to uplift and inspire one another. Immerse yourself in a wealth of knowledge, tips, and strategies shared by fellow students, creating lasting bonds as you conquer your academic journey together. IGNOU Buddy is your key to collaborative success, as members exchange and reap the rewards of a vast array of study resources, including solved assignments, handwritten notes, and more. Stay engaged, stay enlightened, and stay ahead of the curve with our timely updates and exclusive offerings crafted just for the IGNOU community. Don’t miss out—join IGNOU Buddy now and witness the transformative power of a supportive community on your journey to triumph.

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Answer to Your Common Queries – We’re Here to Clarify

FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions

Is ignou degree valuable or valid.

The IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University) degree is considered valid and valuable. IGNOU is a well-established and reputable institution in India that offers a wide range of distance education programs. Here are several points to consider when assessing the validity and value of an IGNOU degree:

• Government Recognition: IGNOU is a government university established by an Act of Parliament in 1985. It operates under the supervision of the Ministry of Education, Government of India. The university is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC), which is the apex regulatory body for higher education in India. This recognition ensures that the degrees awarded by IGNOU hold credibility and are on par with degrees from other recognized universities in the country.
• UGC Approval: IGNOU’s courses and programs have been approved by the UGC, which ensures that they meet the necessary academic standards. The UGC approval further enhances the validity and acceptance of IGNOU degrees.
• Distance Education Council (DEC) Approval: DEC, which is a part of the Indira Gandhi National Open University, is responsible for promoting, coordinating, and maintaining standards of distance education in India. IGNOU’s distance education programs have received approval from DEC, reinforcing the validity of its degrees.
• All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) Approval: AICTE is the statutory body responsible for the regulation and proper maintenance of technical education in India. IGNOU has received AICTE approval for various technical programs, ensuring their quality and value.
• Academic Credibility: IGNOU offers a wide range of undergraduate, postgraduate, diploma, and certificate programs across various disciplines. The curriculum and course content of these programs are designed to meet industry standards and provide students with relevant knowledge and skills. IGNOU’s focus on distance education enables access to education for a diverse range of learners who may not be able to pursue traditional on-campus programs.
• Employment Opportunities: IGNOU degrees are widely recognized and accepted by employers in India. Many IGNOU graduates have successfully secured jobs in government sectors, public and private organizations, and various industries. The degrees are considered equivalent to those obtained from regular universities, and IGNOU alumni have held prestigious positions across different sectors.
• Global Recognition: IGNOU’s reputation extends beyond India, and its degrees are recognized and accepted internationally. The university has collaborations and partnerships with reputed institutions worldwide, which further strengthens the global recognition of IGNOU degrees. This recognition allows IGNOU graduates to pursue higher education or career opportunities abroad.
• Flexibility and Accessibility: One of the key advantages of IGNOU is its flexible learning environment. The university offers distance education, allowing students to study at their own pace and convenience. This accessibility makes education more inclusive, enabling individuals who cannot attend regular on-campus programs to obtain a degree.

While an IGNOU degree holds value, it is essential to note that the actual worth and career prospects depend on various factors such as the field of study, individual skills and abilities, and the job market conditions. Employers often consider a combination of qualifications, skills, and experience when making hiring decisions. Therefore, it is crucial for IGNOU graduates to showcase their knowledge, skills, and achievements effectively to enhance their employment opportunities.

In summary, an IGNOU degree is recognized, valid, and valuable. It provides individuals with the opportunity to acquire quality education, expand their knowledge, and enhance their career prospects. The university’s government recognition, UGC approval, and industry relevance contribute to the credibility of IGNOU degrees. However, it is important for students to choose their programs wisely, actively engage in learning, and leverage their qualifications effectively to maximize their career potential.

Two Courses Simultaneously from IGNOU Possible?

Yes, according to the information provided, it is possible to pursue two courses simultaneously from IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University). As per the latest UGC (University Grants Commission) regulations, students are allowed to pursue two-degree courses at the same time. However, there are certain conditions to be met. One course should be regular (face-to-face mode) and the other course should be a distance course. It means you can pursue a degree course from IGNOU and another degree course from a regular university simultaneously. The type of degree (regular or distance) should be different for each course.

It is important to note that as of the latest UGC clarification in September 2022, the degrees completed through distance or online mode are considered equivalent to regular degrees. This means that there is no differentiation between a distance degree and a regular degree anymore.

Previously, before the UGC announcement, pursuing two academic courses simultaneously from IGNOU was not allowed. However, one course from IGNOU and another course from a regular university (regular or face-to-face mode), including certificate courses, were allowed. Students were advised to pursue one course at a time and apply for the second course after the result is declared.

It is worth mentioning that pursuing two courses simultaneously may affect your performance and marks in both programs. It is generally recommended to focus on one course at a time to ensure better concentration and academic success.

How to Submit IGNOU Assignment?

In response to the ongoing pandemic, the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) has introduced flexible methods for students to submit their assignments. Besides the traditional offline mode, students now have the option to submit their assignments online, increasing convenience and safety.

Offline Mode Traditionally, students are expected to submit assignments at their respective study centers. The assignment should contain the following information on the first page:

• Student’s Name
• Enrollment Number
• Program and Code
• Name, Code, and Address of the Study Centre
• Student’s Mobile Number and Email Address

Upon submission, students are given a receipt as proof of submission, which should be kept safely until the announcement of the results.

Online Mode For those unable to visit their study center, IGNOU provides two online submission methods:

• Google Forms : Students can access a Google Form on their respective regional IGNOU portal to submit their assignments. Here’s a step-by-step guide:
• Go to the official IGNOU Regional Centers website and navigate to your respective Regional Centre (RC) website.
• On the RC’s homepage, look for the ‘News & Events’ section.
• Click on the ‘Assignment Guidelines’ or ‘Assignment Submission’ option.
• A Google Form will open in your browser. Fill it out with the required details (your name, enrollment number, subject code, etc.).
• Upload the scanned copy of your handwritten assignment and submit the form. Important Notes :
• A new form should be filled out for each subject.
• The scanned copies of assignments should be in PDF format and not exceed 100MB in size.
• Even though the Google Form asks for basic details, it is recommended to include these on your assignment copy as well.
• Email : If the Google Forms option is unavailable, assignments can be submitted via email. The process is as follows:
• Prepare your assignment with the necessary details on the front page (similar to the offline submission).
• Scan your handwritten assignment, converting it to a PDF.
• Look up your regional center’s email address.
• In the email body, list all the details you’ve mentioned on the first page of your assignment.
• Attach the PDF of your assignment and send it to the respective Regional Centre’s email address. Once your email is sent, you should receive an acknowledgment. If you don’t receive an acknowledgment within a few hours, check if the regional portal has shared a Google Forms link and submit your assignment there as well.

Despite these new modes of submission, the quality and content of your assignment remain as crucial as ever. So, take your time to research thoroughly and ensure you provide comprehensive, well-structured answers to all assignment questions.

How To Calculate Percentage in IGNOU?

To calculate your IGNOU percentage, you need to consider both your assignment marks and theory exam marks, each carrying a specific weightage. Assignments hold 30% weightage, and the theory exams (term-end examination) constitute 70% of the total marks. Here’s how you can calculate it:

Step-by-step calculation:

• Assignments (30% Weightage) : After you receive your assignment marks, multiply each by 0.30 (or 30%) to calculate the weighted assignment score for each subject.
• Term-end Examination (70% Weightage) : Once you have your theory (term-end examination) marks, multiply each by 0.70 (or 70%) to get the weighted theory score for each subject.
• Total Score for Each Subject : Add the weighted assignment score and weighted theory score for each subject to get the total subject score.

The following table illustrates these steps for five subjects (A, B, C, D, E):

• Overall Percentage : To get the overall percentage, divide the sum of the total scores by the number of subjects, and then multiply by 100. In this case, the overall percentage would be (295.8/5)*100 = 59.16%.

Grade System : Based on the percentage obtained, students fall into one of the following grades:

These grades are interpreted as:

To pass a course, IGNOU students must achieve at least a “D” grade in both the assignments and the term-end examination. However, to successfully complete a program, the overall average must be at least a “C” grade.

How To Change IGNOU Subject/Medium/Course?

To change your subject, medium, or course in IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University) , follow these steps:

• Timing : Make sure to initiate the process within 30 days of receiving the first set of course material.
• Application : Submit an application to the relevant department to request the change.

For specific programs:

Undergraduate Course Changes :

• If you want to switch your program (for example, from BA to B.Com/BTS/BSW or vice versa), do so within 30 days from the last date of applying for admission.
• Pay the required fees: Rs.600 and Rs.350 for 2 or 4 credit courses and Rs.700 for 6 or 8 credit courses. If you’re shifting from BA/BCom to BTS/BSW, you’ll need to pay an additional Rs.500 plus the specific course fee. Note that changes from BA/B.Com/BTS/BSW to B.Sc are not allowed.

Master’s Degree Course Changes :

• You can change your program only in the first year of study and within 30 days from the last date of applying for admission.
• Pay the full program fee for the new course. The fee paid for the previous program will not be refunded.

Subject or Optional Changes :

• Request the change within 30 days from the receipt of the first set of study material.
• Pay the required fees: For undergraduate courses, it’s Rs.350 per 2 or 4 credit course and Rs.700 per 6 or 8 credit course. For master’s degree courses, the fees are Rs.600 per 2 or 4 credit course and Rs.1200 per 6 or 8 credit course.

Medium Changes :

• Request a change of medium within 30 days from the receipt of the first lot of study material in the first year only.
• Pay the required fees: For undergraduate courses, it’s Rs.350 and Rs.350 per 2 or 4 credit course and Rs.700 per 6 or 8 credit course. For master’s degree courses, the fees are Rs.350 and Rs.600 per 2 or 4 credit course and Rs.1200 per 6 or 8 credit course.

All requests for changes must be directed to the Regional Director of the concerned Regional Centre. Make your payment via a Demand Draft in favor of IGNOU, payable at the concerned Regional Centre.

After your application for change has been submitted, you can track its status on the IGNOU Admission Status page using your Enrollment Number.

How To Change IGNOU Regional or Study Centre

Changing your Regional or Study Centre in IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University) involves a specific process. Here’s how you can do it:

To Change Your Study Centre :

• Receive the Proforma : After you’ve been admitted to IGNOU, you’ll receive a printed proforma along with the Program Guide.
• Fill in the Proforma : Complete the proforma with the necessary details. This will include your request to change your study centre.
• Send the Proforma : Mail the filled proforma to the Regional Director at your current Regional Centre.
• Check for Counseling Facilities : Not all study centres offer counseling facilities for all courses. Therefore, before you make your request, ensure that the new study centre provides counseling for your specific course.
• Wait for Confirmation : IGNOU will confirm the change based on the availability of seats for your program at the new study centre. You cannot change your study centre before your admission into IGNOU has been confirmed. Also, changes in the study centre are not permitted for courses that have a practical component.

To Change Your Regional Centre :

• Request for Change : If you are moving to a different region, you can apply for a change of your regional centre. This request should be addressed to your current Regional Centre, which you wish to leave.
• Obtain Certificate : You need to get a certificate from your current study centre. This should indicate the number of assignments you’ve submitted.
• Transfer of Data : Your current IGNOU Regional Centre will then transfer your data, including fee payments, to the new Regional Centre.
• Get a No Objection Certificate : If your program includes practical subjects, you must get a “No Objection Certificate” from both your current Regional Centre and the Study Centre where you wish to transfer.
• Fee Payment : If you’re transferring from Air Force/Navy/Army Regional Centre to another Regional Centre, you need to pay the fee-share amount to the new Regional Centre. If you shift your Regional Centre at the start of the program session, you’ll also need to pay the respective program fee for that session at the new Regional Centre.
• International Transfers : Transfers to a foreign study centre are permitted only after six months of registration or after submission of assignments for the first year or semester for courses of one year or more duration.

How To Study for IGNOU Exam?

In order to get GOOD Marks you need to systematically prepare for your IGNOU Exam and for this, your need to follow these steps

• Create a Study Plan : Map out what you need to study and when. This will help you manage your time effectively and ensure that you cover all necessary topics.
• Understand the Syllabus and Exam Pattern : Knowing the syllabus will help you focus your studies on what’s important. Understanding the exam pattern will help you know what to expect and you can tailor your preparation accordingly.
• Solve Previous Years’ Question Papers : This will help you get a feel for the type of questions that are asked and how to best answer them.
• Practice Writing Answers : This helps to improve your writing speed and it will also help you to better retain the information you are studying.
• Use Diagrams and Flowcharts : These can help to visualize information and make it easier to remember.
• Join a Study Group : This can provide motivation and collective problem-solving can be very effective. However, ensure the group is focused and structured to avoid wasting time.
• Revise Regularly : Regular revision is key to moving information from your short-term memory to your long-term memory.
• Stay Calm and Focused During Exams : Stress can hinder your performance. So, practice stress management techniques like deep breathing or meditation.

Remember, everyone has different learning styles, so what works best for you may not work as well for others. It’s important to understand how you learn best and adapt these strategies to suit your style.

IGNOU Solved Assignments 2022-23

• 1.1 Ignou Assignment Passing Marks
• 1.2 Importance of Ignou Solved Assignments 2022-23
• 1.3 Last Date of Ignou Assignment Submission
• 1.4 Where to download Ignou Assignments 2022-23?
• 1.5 Ignou Assignment Cover Page
• 1.6 Important Guidelines to write Ignou Assignments
• 1.7 How to Solve Ignou Assignments 2022-23?
• 1.8 Where to submit Solved Ignou Assignments?
• 1.9 How to check Ignou Assignment Status?

Submission of Ignou solved assignments 2022-23 is mandatory for the students who are pursuing various programmes from Indira Gandhi National Open University. They have to submit the Tutor Marked assignments (TMA) for the courses which requires it as a part of curriculum.

Not able to solve IGNOU assignment questions 2022-23 ? Contact us on mobile through   WhatsApp   at 7428482160  or send us an email at   [email protected]

The assignments are an integral part of most of the programmes offered by Ignou.The university offers various programmes such as Master Degree, Bachelor Degree, Diploma and Certificate. These include BAG, BCOMG, BDP, BA, B.Sc., BSW, B.Com, BCA, BTS, BBARL, B.Ed, MA, M.Com, MSW, MTM, MEG, MAPC, M.Sc., MBA, MCA, etc.

To complete any of these programmes, the students need to submit the Ignou solved assignments 2021-22 or 2022-23 for the respective courses/subjects for which they will be going to appear in the upcoming Term End Examination.

Without the submission of assignments, the students will not be able to submit the exam form online or offline. Because it is mandatory for all the courses which require continuous evaluation of assignments as a part of the curriculum.

It is to be noted that the students do not need to submit solved Ignou assignments 2022-23 in case of lab courses.

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Ignou Assignment Passing Marks

Students have to obtain minimum of 50% marks in the assignments to pass it. In case, if the student is unable to obtain 50% marks in assignment of any course, then he/she has to write and submit it again. Without securing the passing marks in assignments, the course cannot be completed.

Therefore, the students should take the Ignou solved assignment work seriously as it will also help them in securing good marks in a total.Every student should understand the importance of Ignou assignment submission.

Importance of Ignou Solved Assignments 2022-23

Any Ignou course constitutes the two components i.e Continuous Evaluation and Term End Examination. The continuous evaluation of assignments constitutes the 30% weightage whereas term end examination carries 70% weightage in the final results. The assignment marks of all the courses which

The assignment marks of all the courses which require Ignou solved assignment submission will be counted in the final result. It means if we assign total marks of 100 to any course then, an assignment will carry 30 marks and theory exams will carry 70 marks.

If we score only 10 marks in the assignment work, then it will affect the total marks percentage for that course which results in an overall percentage of programme marks.

So, it is advised to all the IGNOU students that they should not take assignment work lightly and they must solve the assignments seriously.

They should write the quality answers in clean handwriting in the prescribed format which is mentioned in the programme prospectus by the university.

Solving the Ignou assignments by themselves will also help the students to prepare for their upcoming examination.

They will read out the study material at least once to solve the assignments which will help them in their examination as they must have been covered all the topics during the process of solving the assignments.

The university has included the assignment work in its curriculum for its many

The university has included the assignment work in its curriculum for its many programmes with the purpose to test the student’s comprehension of the learning material the university send to them in their preferable medium.

Last Date of Ignou Assignment Submission

Students can check the last date of Ignou assignment submission 2022-23 on the assignment booklet which they can download online from the university official website at www.ignou.ac.in.

There is no need to ask anyone for the last date as the students can themselves check the last date in the introductory page of assignment question paper booklet.

It is very important to check the last date of submitting the Ignou solved assignments earlier. If the last date passes, then your assignment work will not be accepted by study centre.The students must complete and submit their assignments before the last date.

If you have not submitted the specified number of assignments at your respective study centre, then you will not be allowed to appear in the upcoming term-end examination.

Where to download Ignou Assignments 2022-23?

After the completion of admission or re-registration process, the Ignou send the Tutor Marked Assignment (TMA) question paper and study material in the form of a booklet to the students at the physical communication address.

Students can also download the assignment question paper booklets in the form of pdf file from the university official website at www.ignou.ac.in.

Whenever any student receives the assignment booklet at home, he/she should immediately check it to find whether it is complete or if it contains any missing page.It can be judged by counting the pages manually and comparing it with the count mentioned on front page of assignment booklet.

In case, if a student finds the missing page in the assignment booklet, then he/she can immediately ask for missing pages, if any, from The Registrar, Material Production & Distribution Division, IGNOU, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi- 110068 or the Coordinator of your Study Centre.

• Download Assignments

Ignou Assignment Cover Page

• Is it mandatory to make front page of Ignou solved assignments?
• how to make Ignou assignment cover page? How it looks like?
• Can you please send me the sample front page of Ignou assignment?
• Where can I get ignou assignment front page sample?

I would like to answer all these queries of the students in a very simple and easy way. Let’s answer these queries one by one…

Yes, it is mandatory to make front page of the assignment in a prescribed format.

Students should not make Ignou assignment cover page by their imagination.There is a particular format provided by Indira Gandhi National Open University to make it. It can be checked in the common prospectus provided by the university. Students can also check it in their assignment question paper booklet. Below, we have provided the sample of Ignou assignment cover page:

We cannot send sample of front page to each and every student.So, that’s why we have uploaded it here in the PDF format. Students can easily download it and take print out of it.

• Click here to download front page format

Important Guidelines to write Ignou Assignments

There are few guidelines provided by the university to write assignment answers. These are mentioned below:

• The answers should be written in the student handwriting only.
• Please write the answers in simple and correct English.
• The number of words should not exceed the limit provided in ffront of each question in the assignment booklet.
• Most importantly, it should be neat and clean.
• Students should make use of foolscap size paper for writing answers. Also, tag all the pages carefully.
• Write the relevant question number at start of each each answer.

How to Solve Ignou Assignments 2022-23?

Students should solve the Tutor Marked Assignment question paper by themselves.They can solve it by going through the study material and reference books. They can also take the help of their Programme Coordinator by attending the classes at their respective study centres.

They can contact their Regional Centre for the class schedule. As per the university, the printed study material contains sufficient information that should be required by students to answer the assignment questions.

They do not need to take tension about the non-availability of reference books for writing the Ignou solved assignments 2022-23. However, if you possess any reference book which can help, then you may use it to write good answers.

The Indira Gandhi National Open University’s various School of Studies design the assignment question papers in such a way that it help the students to concentrate mostly on the original Ignou study material to solve it and also to make use of their personal experience.

Please make sure while submitting the assignments that you have written answers to all the questions and it is complete in all respects. Incomplete answers will result in poor grades or marks which will degrade your result.

Note: In case, if someone needs help in solving the questions, he/she can send email at [email protected]

Where to submit Solved Ignou Assignments?

After completing the assignment, the students have to submit it to their study centre concerned. Do not forget to get the receipt while submitting the assignments at your study centres. Also, the students can retain the photocopy of the assignment work which they have submitted for their own record or for future reference.

You can get the duly evaluated tutor marked assignments along with a copy of assessment sheet containing comments on the assignment by the evaluator after one month from submission of assignment. It will surely help you to improve in making assignments in future.

How to check Ignou Assignment Status?

In Indira Gandhi National Open University, the assignments for June examination are submitted before 31st March. For, December exams, the assignments have to be submitted before 31st December.

After submitting the solved Ignou assignments at the concerned study centres, it takes almost 3 to 4 months by the university in updating its marks on the official website. Students can check the Ignou grade card status to know their marks.

However, the students remain in the state of confusion after submitting their assignments.Whether the assignments has been submitted properly or not.

To help out students, the university has provided an option on its official website to check Ignou assignment status.For the student’s convenience, we have provided below the link to check Ignou assignment submission status online:

• Click here to check submission status

I hope this article will motivate you in preparing good Ignou solved assignments. It can help you in obtaining good marks.

Best of Luck!

14 Comments

Regarding submission of assignments, the assignments for June examination are submitted before 31st March. For, December exams, the assignments have to be submitted before 31st December. Please clarify whether any extension of date for submission of assignments for June term end examination ?

I want to know whether we can send the assignments by speed post/Courier?? Is it will be considered valid receipt? Or can we sent it through any proxy?

I want assigments question pls assignent questions eco1 business organisation.

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MCO-04: Business Environment

Ignou solved assignment solution for 2022-23, if you are looking for mco-04 ignou solved assignment solution for the subject business environment, you have come to the right place. mco-04 solution on this page applies to 2022-23 session students studying in mcom, mcomft, mcommafs courses of ignou., looking to download all solved assignment pdfs for your course together, mco-04 solved assignment solution by gyaniversity.

Assignment Code: MCO-04/ASST/TMA/2022-23

Course Code: MCO-04

Assignment Name: Business Environment

Year: 2022-2023

Verification Status: Verified by Professor

Attempt all the questions

1) What do you understand by business environment? Discuss its importance for the business. (20)

Ans ) The overall surrounds that have an impact on business operations, either directly or indirectly, are referred to as the business environment. In this context, the term "business environment" refers to all external elements that may have an impact on how a business operates. The phrase "business environment" has, nevertheless, been employed by certain specialists in a very broad sense. According to them, a company organization's internal environment, which includes the resources at its disposal, its management's goal and objectives, its value system, and other factors, influences business activities just as much as external environmental factors do.

The business may benefit from different opportunities provided by the external environment, which includes the economic, sociocultural, political, technological, ecological, legal, and regulatory context in which it operates, or it may face risks or difficulties. However, the internal environment, with its physical and psychological resources, aids management in adjusting to and coping with the external environment. Therefore, internal and external environmental factors are both necessary for the existence and development of every business. The word "business environment," however, typically refers to the external forces and causes that are independent of the corporation and differ from one country to another.

The business environment can be divided into two categories: economic and non-economic. Economic environment variables include things like fiscal and monetary policy, industrial policy, kind of economic system, rate of economic growth, etc. On the other side, the non-economic environment includes socio-cultural, politico-legal, technological, and ecological aspects. It should be recognised that the economic and non-economic environments cannot be distinguished or named solely. Both interact with one another, making it impossible and insignificant to treat them separately. The noneconomic environment influences the economic environment while also influencing the economic environment.

For instance, sociological issues and social norms have an impact on the economic situation, and values are influenced by people's financial levels. As a result, every important component of the economic environment interacts with every important component of the non-economic environment. Any company's capacity to predict the nature, extent, and dimensions of changes that are anticipated to occur in both sets of environmental factors, as well as the extent to which those changes will affect each set of environmental factors, is essential to its success. By making the required adjustments to its strategies, business adjusts to the changes that are anticipated to occur.

Significance of Business Environment

Business environment is dynamic: The various elements that make up the corporate environment are always changing. As a result, their influence on the company is constantly evolving. You are aware that due to advancements in the economy, society, and technology, the marketplaces for a lot of products have seen remarkable changes throughout time. In order to handle the new difficulties, management must keep track of these developments and make the appropriate adjustments to its strategies in a timely manner.

Business environment is complex: The environment is made up of numerous elements that come from various situations, occurrences, conditions, and influences. These causes, occurrences, circumstances, and effects do not exist in a vacuum; rather, they interact to produce a new set of influences. Individual environmental elements can be understood quite simply, but it can be challenging to fully grasp the cumulative effect because different environmental conditions call for a variety of contradictory and complex reactions.

Business environment is multifaceted: The observer's perspective affects how the business environment is seen. Some people may view a certain environmental change as an opportunity, while others may see it as a threat. Because of this, the corporate environment is likewise complex.

Business environment has a far reaching impact: The existence, continuation, and expansion of the firm are all significantly impacted by the environmental changes. Any environmental change may have an impact on the demand for the company's goods and services and, consequently, its profitability.

Every business organisation must understand and constantly monitor its environment since the nature of the business environment is dynamic, complex, and multifaceted and has a significant impact on its survival, continuity, and growth. This will allow company strategists to adjust to developments and utilise their internal resources most effectively at a particular time. These environmental changes, whether they are actual or hypothetical, provide the essential information for making strategic decisions. Simply keeping an eye on the environment is insufficient. The data gathered in this way must be applied to future planning and the development of suitable strategies at various levels.

2) How does socio-cultural environment affect business decision-making? Give a brief ketch of the nature of socio-cultural environment prevailing in India. (20)

Ans ) Socio-cultural factors can involve social attitudes, beliefs, education, legal structure and political ideology. However, as society and culture change, our responsibility as a business owner or leader is to adapt and stay ahead of our competitors and remain relevant in the minds of our consumers. One of the major socio-cultural factors influencing businesses and business decisions is changing consumer preferences. What was popular and fashionable 20 years ago may not be popular today or 10 years down the road. Different styles and priorities can undermine long successful products and services. For example, a clothing company must constantly be aware of changing preferences when creating new products or it will quickly become outdated.

Another example is the marketing industry. Ten years ago, consumers wanted businesses to market their products and services on TV, radio and in newspapers. But after the introduction of the iPhone and the emergence of social media, consumer preferences changed. Audiences have now become more mobile, which means that to reach them, companies have had to develop mobile marketing strategies. Changes in demographics are also a significant factor in the business world. As populations age, for example, markets for popular music and fashions may shrink while markets for luxury goods and health products may increase. Additionally, changes in the proportion of genders and different racial, religious and ethnic groups within a society may also have a significant impact on the way a company does business.

This is especially true when it comes to marketing products and services to a younger generation. For example, clothing styles are always changing, but the most significant change occurs in the demographics of prospective buyers. It used to be that business owners in the clothing industry could cast a wide net and reel in customers, but with audiences so segmented, understanding the growing power of Generation Z, for example, is vital. This audience is often categorized as buyers born in 1995 onwards, and they have emerged over the past five years as a motivated consumer group. In addition to a company's interactions with the market and its customers, socio-cultural factors also impact a company's internal decision-making process. For example, changing gender roles and increasing emphasis on family life have led to increased respect for maternity and paternity leave with organizations. Additionally, attitudes toward racial discrimination and sexual harassment have changed drastically over the years as a result of a socio-cultural change.

More recently, sexual harassment has become an explosive issue, driven by the countless number of powerful corporate leaders that have run afoul of harassment charges. As a result, societal attitudes about how women should be treated in the workplace have dramatically shifted. In the past, an “old boys network” was tolerable if only because women didn’t feel empowered to push back against entrenched ideas about their work roles. But as women have begun speaking up and telling their stories regarding harassment, company leaders have taken note. It’s no longer acceptable for you to take a laissez-faire attitude about how your female employees are treated by male colleagues. Business leaders that maintain this type of work environment not only risk breaking the law; they risk the reputation of a permissive, hostile workplace that will ultimately damage their brand.

Socio-Culture Environment in India

high prevalence of impersonal, bureaucratic social interactions and mistrust of others due to the idea that people are inherently bad. a highly centralised administrative structure, an emphasis on hierarchical position in decision-making that is excessive, bureaucratic delays, a lack of delegation, an unsatisfied workforce, and an accentuation of indifference in both individuals and groups.

Genre and pervasive apathy, separation of work from its outcomes due to the conviction that those outcomes are predetermined. Work is done without much interest. commitment or ride

Poor connections between superiors and subordinates, a general lack of discipline at all levels.

Human inequality, persistent mistrust of others, and excessive self-centred behaviour that discourages cooperation and teamwork

generally uninterested and quite conflicted

3) What is an industrial license? Enumerate the circumstances under which it is necessary. (20)

Ans ) Industrial License means the exclusive worldwide marketing, distribution and licensing rights for the treatment of industrial waste water in industries such as the oil and gas industry. The Licensor will grant to the Licensee all of the patent and intellectual rights of the Licensor used in the business of the sale, marketing and distribution of the Licensor’s water sterilization technology, a high voltage electrolysis device that transforms water, solely for industrial applications, including the right to sublicense pursuant to written consent from Licensor, whereby Licensee’s rights are sole and entire and operate to exclude all others, except as otherwise expressly provided herein. 

The main aim of the licensing policy is to regulate the industrial sector are  Encouraging small scale industry,  Encouraging new entrepreneurs for setting industries, Regulating location of industrial units, To ensuring balanced regional development, Promoting technological advancements in industries and  Development and control of Industrial Investment and production.

Present Position of Licensing Policy

Compulsory Licensing: According to the New Industrial Policy of 1991, it is necessary to obtain license only in case of 15 industries which are engaged in the field of defence-equipment’s, luxury goods and hazardous commodities. In the wake of liberalization this number has been reduced to 5.The five industries for which licensing is compulsory are  Alcoholic Products Industrial Explosives Aerospace and defence equipment Hazardous Chemicals, Tobacco products

Protection to Small Industries: In order to protect the small scale industries and save them from competition with large industries, the production of certain products was reserved for the small industries. Only 239 items are reserved for small scale industries.

Industries Reserved for Public Sector: Some industries had been reserved for the public sector. These industries  could  be  established in the public sector only and the private sector was not granted licenses for the establishment of these industries. Only 3 industries reserve for the public sector such as atomic minerals, atomic energy and railway.

Definition of Large Industrial Houses: In the new industrial policy of 1991, the limit on holding assets was completely abolished and there is no restrictions on size of large business houses. The new policy  lays greater stress on preventing unfair trade practices rather than on the size of business houses. In 2002 the government abolished MRTP Act.

Licensing for the Expansion of Production Capacity: According to  the new policy of 1991, No license is required for the expansion of production capacity of MRTP companies. In the present situation, there is no restriction on expansion of production-capacity except five licensed industries.

Necessary Industrial License in the Circumstances

As per the licensing policy, it is necessary to obtain license in the following circumstances:

For setting up New Industrial Units: If any industrial unit is to be set up in the category of licensing industries it has to obtain license under Industries Development and Regulation Act,1951.

For Expansion: Under  Industrial Licensing Policy,  if any industrial unit which is covered under licensing wants to expand its production capacity then it will have to obtain prior approval under this act.

Location of Industrial Units: Any Industrial Unit wants to change it location then it will have to take prior approval. An Industrial License is required for projects which are to be located in large cities with a population of more than 10 lakhs. Only after obtaining approval, the location can be changed.

For  producing Articles Reserved for Small Scale Industries: An  industrial  undertaking  wants  to manufacture an item reserved for small scale sector it is required to obtain industrial license. The list of items reserved for small scale industries is reviewed from time to time. At this time 239 items were reserved for small scale sector.

Registration of Existing Industrial Units: An existing Industrial Units which were existing before enforcement of this act and are covered under industrial licensing will have to obtain registration under this act

4) Why is Indian economy regarded an underdeveloped economy? State its basic characteristics. (20)

Ans ) An underdeveloped economy is defined as an economy which has got unexploited natural resources and unutilized human resources. In other words, it is an economy, having a potentiality to grow. An underdeveloped economy shows the following features:

In the underdeveloped countries, natural resources remain unexploited and underexploited due to various reasons. Systematic utilisation of natural resources alone can lead to -economic development.

An underdeveloped country is basically a primary producing country, engaging its factors of production to produce only raw materials and foodstuffs. The percentage of population engaged in. agricultural sector is very high (70% in Indian context) and a major part of total national income comes from agriculture and activities allied to agriculture (around 30% in India).

In case of UDCs, the scarcity of capital is both the cause and effect of low productivity and underdevelopment. Due to scarcity of capital, a better technique of production cannot be adopted in India due to undeveloped technology total volume of production and productivity is low. Due to low production and productivity, level of income is less, and consequently, less amount of capital is available to adopt better technique of production. Thus, poverty is both the cause and the consequence.

A chief feature of an UDC like India is its high population pressure. The high birth-rate and low deathrate are responsible for a break-neck rise in Indian population. At present, the annual growth rate of population according to 2001 census stands at 2.13%. This rapid growth of population stands as an obstacle in the smooth development of the economy.

UDCs are characterized by low per capita income and grinding poverty scenario. In India, the per capita income is less than 1/3 of the per capita income of the developed western countries, and, according to the revised estimate of the Planning Commission about 50% of the total populations in India live below the poverty line.

The underdeveloped countries are also characterized by widespread unemployment, underemployment and disguised unemployment. In India large numbers of people engaged in the agricultural sector are underemployed or disguisedly unemployed, apart from the large number of white- coloured unemployed, existing in the register of Employment Exchanges.

The underdeveloped economies are also backward in the field of human resources. In these countries, the quality of people as productive agent is very low. There is low labour efficiency, lack of entrepreneurship and economic ignorance. People being illiterate are guided by blind beliefs, customs and traditions. People become fatalists and believe that man’s fortune is decided by fate and not by one’s own efforts.

In these economies, there is a lack of infrastructural facilities like transport, banking, health, power, education and information technology. People also adopt an outdated technique of production which results in low productivity.

Some of these features are as follows:

Low Income: In India GNP (Gross National Product) per capita was $1,180 in 2009 at current prices, roughly one third of the population is below the poverty line. On world scale, income inequalities between the developed and underdeveloped countries arc very large.

Predominance of Agriculture: In India agriculture and allied sectors contribute nearly 14.2 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) according to the 2010-11 estimates released by the Central Statistics Office (CSO). Moreover, in India agriculture provides employment to around .50 per cent of the workforce.

Rapid Population Growth Rate and High Dependency Ratio: High population growth rate is also an indicator of underdevelopment. India’s population growth rate was 1.93% per annum and 21.34 % per decade during 1991-2001, which is still very high as compared to developed economies. Dependency ratio refers to ratio of dependent population (non-working) to total population. In India dependency ratio is around 60% which is very high. This is because of high birth rate and social circumstances.

Mass Poverty : According to United Nations Development Programme’s (UNDP) Global Human Development index 2011. India is ranked 134th among 187 countries. The report says 53 per cent of Indians suffer from multidimensional poverty. The Planning Commission released the second India Human Development Report (HDR) 2011.

Unemployment and Underemployment: Unemployment is a phenomenon of all economies whether developed or underdeveloped. But nature and degree of unemployment is different in developed and underdeveloped economies. In developed economics most of the unemployment is cyclical which arises because of fluctuations in business cycles. In underdeveloped economies like India, chronic unemployment is found which results from the structural defects in the economy.

Inequality : Inequality in distribution of income and wealth is found in every country but this is wider in underdeveloped economies. In India bottom 40% of rural population possess only 5% of rural assets while 8% top households possess 46% of total rural assets. This disparity is more intensive in urban areas.

Scarcity of Capital : Capital is considered as the most important factor in the development of an economy. In underdeveloped economies like India, capital availability per person is very low which results in low productivity and low per capita income. Low per capita income again results in low savings, low investment and low capital formation.

5) Explain the concept of globalization as a national policy with particular references to the policy initiative taken by the Government of India since 1991. (20)

Ans ) The word "globalisation" has several meanings. It might be taken to indicate unrestricted global movement of all resources, including people, capital, technology, and products and services. Since there would be no political boundaries between nations and no concept of individual sovereignty for those who live in various political systems, the precise meaning of this phrase is evidently speculative.

If the phrase is understood from the perspective of a huge firm, it could suggest that the world is seen as an open market with no distinction between domestic and international trade. The planning and implementation of manufacturing, distribution, marketing, financing, employment, etc. by a corporation with a worldwide vision may therefore be described as globalisation. This goes beyond the internationalisation that occurs when businesses from two or more different countries conduct business with one another. An illustration of the idea of globalisation as a global viewpoint can be found in the Japanese Honda Motor Company. The company's management intentionally works to set up the organisation so that all of its major clients are situated equally from the corporate headquarters. Instead of assuming that they are national operators expanding internationally, they consider themselves to be primarily global operators.

Globalization as a national policy may be regarded as an effort to liberalise cross-border trade in commodities, services, capital, technology, as well as in human and natural resources. In a strict sense, no government has adopted such a policy to date, although attempts are being made to reduce barriers to international commerce in products, services, and intangibles. The vast array of policy measures launched by the Indian government since 1991, particularly those pertaining to globalisation, privatisation, and liberalisation, may be cited in this context. As a part of economic reforms, globalisation may be construed to entail external sector liberalisation, or the easing of limitations on the flow of capital, technology, and goods across borders. This might be viewed as the economy's outward orientation. The following significant moves toward globalisation have been made, among other things:

The exchange rate management system has been updated, and the rupee is now convertible for all current account transactions at the going rate of exchange.

Bringing things under Open General Licence has raised the number of items that can be imported without a permit (OGL).

The maximum import tariff rate on items has been steadily decreased from 11% to 20%.

Capital goods and other inputs may be imported by exporters at reduced tariff rates.

In high priority industries, foreign direct investments (FDI) up to 51 percent equity are approved without any procedure bottlenecks.

Under certain conditions, automatic approval is given for foreign technological collaboration between Indian and foreign enterprises.

Securities traded on the primary and secondary capital markets may be purchased by foreign institutional investors.

Subject to a few restrictions, overseas corporate bodies (OBCs) and NRIs are permitted to invest up to 100 percent of their stock in high priority scheduled industries with full benefits of capital and income repatriation.

The corporate sector in India is urged to use the GDR and ADR mechanisms to reach the global financial markets.

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      IGNOU BEGLA 135 SOLVED ASSIGNMENT 2024-25

Title Name                                                         BEGLA 135 ENG Solved Assignment 2024-25

Service Type                                                      Solved Assignment (Soft copy/PDF)

Course                                                                Bachelor’s Degree Programme Under CBCS

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Session                                                                2024-25

Assignment Code                                             BEGLA 135  /TMA/2024-25

Submission Date                                                                      For the students enrolled in July 2024- 30th April 2025

For the students enrolled in January 2025- 31st October 2025

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BEGG-172 Solved Assignment 2023-24

IGNOU BEGG-172 Language and Linguistics Solved Assignment  2023-24  , FREE  BEGG-172 Language and Linguistics Solved Assignment 2024 , FREE  BEGG-172 Language and Linguistics Assignment PDF , How to get  BEGG-172 Language and Linguistics Solved Assignment for Free, We are providing IGNOU  BEGG-172 Language and Linguistics  Solved Assignment all over India. 

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BEGG-172 Solved Assignment  2023-24 for July 2023 and January 2024 Session

B.E.G.G-172

LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS

July, 2023 & January, 2024 Sessions

(Based on Blocks 1-4)

Max. Marks: 100

Answer all questions.

Answer each question in about 300 words.(Based on Blocks 1 and 2)

1. What is meant by the terms creativity and arbitrariness as is used to describe a property of human language?

2. Discuss the nature of multilingualism in India 

3. Define syllable by giving suitable examples. 

4. What do you understand by consonants of English? Discuss in brief with suitable examples.

Answer each question in about 300 words. (Based on Blocks 3 and 4)

1. Discuss the relationship between words in English. 

2. What is a Morpheme? Discuss. 

3. Discuss the common functional elements in sentences. 

4. Discuss various types of the English verbs and types of Verb phrases. 

Answer each question in about 700 words. (Based on Blocks1 to 4)

1. Identify the nature of language variation and categorize various factors that lead to language variation.

2. Discuss the concepts of stress and rhythm in a connected speech by giving suitable examples.

3. Distinguish between different kinds of Inflectional Affixes by giving suitable examples.

4. Discuss how relations of coordination are created in compound sentences and the various semantic implications of such coordination links.

***********************

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BEGAE-182 English Communication Skills Solved Question Paper December 2023

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English Communication Skills Course Code: BEGAE-182

1. Answer any four of the following questions in about 100 words each : 4×5=20 (i) What are the macro functions of communication ? (ii) How is a conversation different from other speech events ? (iii) What aspects should be kept in mind to ensure the success of a meeting ? [ 2 ] BEGAE–182 (iv) Explain with suitable examples how new words are built through affixation and compounding. (v) Describe with suitable examples, the four basic forms of discourse. (vi) Explain how visual aids can be used to make presentations more effective. Support your answer with examples. 2. You are planning to visit Singapore during the vacation. Write out a dialogue in 10 turns, where you discuss travel plans, arrangement of accommodation etc. with your travel agent. 10 Or Write a well-structured essay on any one of the following topics : (i) The internet as tool for teaching/learning (ii) Globalisation and its effects on Indian society. 3. You have been offered a job as an analyst in a firm. Write a formal letter of acceptance to the head of the firm. 10 Or A group of five students have been given the topic : “Making our Cities Pollution free.” Write out a group discussion based on this topic. [ 3 ] 4. What are the barriers to communication ? Explain the three broad categories under which such barriers can be classified. 10 Or What are the four levels of reading comprehension ? Explain briefly with suitable examples.

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Program Code: MÁSTER EN ESTUDIOS HISPÁNICOS [MASL]

Año Académico: Enero de 2024 y Julio de 2024 (Academic Year: January 2024 and July 2024)

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The Unique Burial of a Child of Early Scythian Time at the Cemetery of Saryg-Bulun (Tuva)

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Pages:  379-406

In 1988, the Tuvan Archaeological Expedition (led by M. E. Kilunovskaya and V. A. Semenov) discovered a unique burial of the early Iron Age at Saryg-Bulun in Central Tuva. There are two burial mounds of the Aldy-Bel culture dated by 7th century BC. Within the barrows, which adjoined one another, forming a figure-of-eight, there were discovered 7 burials, from which a representative collection of artifacts was recovered. Burial 5 was the most unique, it was found in a coffin made of a larch trunk, with a tightly closed lid. Due to the preservative properties of larch and lack of air access, the coffin contained a well-preserved mummy of a child with an accompanying set of grave goods. The interred individual retained the skin on his face and had a leather headdress painted with red pigment and a coat, sewn from jerboa fur. The coat was belted with a leather belt with bronze ornaments and buckles. Besides that, a leather quiver with arrows with the shafts decorated with painted ornaments, fully preserved battle pick and a bow were buried in the coffin. Unexpectedly, the full-genomic analysis, showed that the individual was female. This fact opens a new aspect in the study of the social history of the Scythian society and perhaps brings us back to the myth of the Amazons, discussed by Herodotus. Of course, this discovery is unique in its preservation for the Scythian culture of Tuva and requires careful study and conservation.

Keywords: Tuva, Early Iron Age, early Scythian period, Aldy-Bel culture, barrow, burial in the coffin, mummy, full genome sequencing, aDNA

Information about authors: Marina Kilunovskaya (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Candidate of Historical Sciences. Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Vladimir Semenov (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Candidate of Historical Sciences. Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Varvara Busova  (Moscow, Russian Federation).  (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences.  Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Kharis Mustafin  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Candidate of Technical Sciences. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Irina Alborova  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Candidate of Biological Sciences. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Alina Matzvai  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected]

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Savvino-storozhevsky monastery and museum.

Zvenigorod's most famous sight is the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery, which was founded in 1398 by the monk Savva from the Troitse-Sergieva Lavra, at the invitation and with the support of Prince Yury Dmitrievich of Zvenigorod. Savva was later canonised as St Sabbas (Savva) of Storozhev. The monastery late flourished under the reign of Tsar Alexis, who chose the monastery as his family church and often went on pilgrimage there and made lots of donations to it. Most of the monastery’s buildings date from this time. The monastery is heavily fortified with thick walls and six towers, the most impressive of which is the Krasny Tower which also serves as the eastern entrance. The monastery was closed in 1918 and only reopened in 1995. In 1998 Patriarch Alexius II took part in a service to return the relics of St Sabbas to the monastery. Today the monastery has the status of a stauropegic monastery, which is second in status to a lavra. In addition to being a working monastery, it also holds the Zvenigorod Historical, Architectural and Art Museum.

Belfry and Neighbouring Churches

Located near the main entrance is the monastery's belfry which is perhaps the calling card of the monastery due to its uniqueness. It was built in the 1650s and the St Sergius of Radonezh’s Church was opened on the middle tier in the mid-17th century, although it was originally dedicated to the Trinity. The belfry's 35-tonne Great Bladgovestny Bell fell in 1941 and was only restored and returned in 2003. Attached to the belfry is a large refectory and the Transfiguration Church, both of which were built on the orders of Tsar Alexis in the 1650s.  

To the left of the belfry is another, smaller, refectory which is attached to the Trinity Gate-Church, which was also constructed in the 1650s on the orders of Tsar Alexis who made it his own family church. The church is elaborately decorated with colourful trims and underneath the archway is a beautiful 19th century fresco.

Nativity of Virgin Mary Cathedral

The Nativity of Virgin Mary Cathedral is the oldest building in the monastery and among the oldest buildings in the Moscow Region. It was built between 1404 and 1405 during the lifetime of St Sabbas and using the funds of Prince Yury of Zvenigorod. The white-stone cathedral is a standard four-pillar design with a single golden dome. After the death of St Sabbas he was interred in the cathedral and a new altar dedicated to him was added.

Under the reign of Tsar Alexis the cathedral was decorated with frescoes by Stepan Ryazanets, some of which remain today. Tsar Alexis also presented the cathedral with a five-tier iconostasis, the top row of icons have been preserved.

Tsaritsa's Chambers

The Nativity of Virgin Mary Cathedral is located between the Tsaritsa's Chambers of the left and the Palace of Tsar Alexis on the right. The Tsaritsa's Chambers were built in the mid-17th century for the wife of Tsar Alexey - Tsaritsa Maria Ilinichna Miloskavskaya. The design of the building is influenced by the ancient Russian architectural style. Is prettier than the Tsar's chambers opposite, being red in colour with elaborately decorated window frames and entrance.

At present the Tsaritsa's Chambers houses the Zvenigorod Historical, Architectural and Art Museum. Among its displays is an accurate recreation of the interior of a noble lady's chambers including furniture, decorations and a decorated tiled oven, and an exhibition on the history of Zvenigorod and the monastery.

Palace of Tsar Alexis

The Palace of Tsar Alexis was built in the 1650s and is now one of the best surviving examples of non-religious architecture of that era. It was built especially for Tsar Alexis who often visited the monastery on religious pilgrimages. Its most striking feature is its pretty row of nine chimney spouts which resemble towers.

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