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Essay on Fundamental Duties for Students & Children in English

January 25, 2021 by Sandeep

Essay on Fundamental Duties: The constitution of India has listed down every citizen’s fundamental duties. They are a gentle reminder to every person to perform his duties towards the nation for its well-being. Part 4 –A of the Indian constitution provides insights about fundamental duties. It imposes certain democratic conduct, responsibility and obligations for citizens. Countries like USA, Canada and Australia do not have fundamental duties listed in their constitution.

Essay on Fundamental Duties 500 Words in English

We have provided Fundamental Duties Essay in English, suitable for class 6, 7, 8, 9 & 10.

“O, citizens of Bharat! As our ancient saints and seers, leaders and preceptors have performed their duties righteously, similarly, you shall not falter to execute your duties.” ~ Rig Veda

Our constitution has given us many constitutional or fundamental rights, but we need to remember that it contains some constitutional or fundamental duties too! Rights and Duties are inseparable. The existence of one without other is meaningless. You can’t ask of a right, without a corresponding duty or vice versa. They are the two sides of the same coin. Even, Mahatma Gandhi once said: “The very performance of a duty secures us our right. Rights cannot be divorced from duties.” Surprisingly, the Fundamental Duties weren’t part of the original Indian Constitution, when it was written at the time of Indian Independence. They were later added in the constitution in 1976 through a constitutional amendment.

By observing the duties, it can be concluded that these duties were taken from the Indian traditions, mythologies, religions and practices. These duties were, essentially, the reflection of the Indian way of life. The concept of fundamental duties was taken from the erstwhile U.S.S.R constitution, as the socialist countries considered the rights and duties to be of equal importance. Till then, Japan was the only democratic nation to have duties for its citizens. Still, not having ‘duties’ in the constitution, doesn’t mean that the citizens of that country behave irresponsibly.

• to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem;
• to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;
• to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;
• to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;
• to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;
• to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;
• to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures;
• to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform;
• to safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
• to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement;
• for a parent or guardian, to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years.

The Fundamental duties are a constant reminder that along with rights, there is also some moral obligation of the citizens towards the nation. Various nations worldwide have embodied the principle of ‘responsible citizens’, and moved towards developed countries’ path. In the current times, the fundamental duties are of utmost importance. For example, the duty under Article 51-A(g) asks for protecting the environment, which is extremely needed today in the climate change crisis. The importance of these fundamental duties is immense.

Even the Bhagavad Gita and Ramayana also ask people to perform their duties. Lord Krishna in Gita says, “One should do one’s duties without expectation of any fruits.” Democracy can’t be there unless the citizens become responsible for their country’s progress. For democracy to survive, a high sense of duty is a must. Also, rights and duties have to exist together. Rights without duties can lead to anarchy. Since time immemorial, Indian culture has always stressed upon an individual’s “Kartavya” – the performance of one’s duties towards society, family and his/her country.

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Essay On Fundamental Duties Of India – 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 500 words

The Fundamental Duties of India, as enshrined in the Indian Constitution, are a set of moral obligations that every citizen of the country is expected to uphold. These duties serve as a reminder that rights and responsibilities go hand in hand, and each citizen has a duty towards the nation and its people.

In this blog post, we will delve into the significance and implications of the Fundamental Duties of India. We will explore the historical context in which these duties were incorporated into the Constitution and the rationale behind their inclusion. Furthermore, we will analyze the role of these duties in fostering a sense of civic responsibility and promoting harmony and unity among the diverse population of India.

Through a series of essays, we will examine each fundamental duty in detail, discuss its relevance in today’s socio-political context, and reflect on the ways in which these duties can be effectively implemented and reinforced in society. Join us on this insightful journey to explore the fundamental duties that form the ethical and moral framework of the Indian democracy.

100 words Essay On Fundamental Duties Of India

In the Indian Constitution, Fundamental Duties serve as a moral compass for citizens, promoting harmony and national integration. Enshrined in Part IV-A, these duties encourage citizens to uphold the spirit of nationalism and respect for the country’s heritage, unity, and integrity. They include promoting a scientific temper, safeguarding public property, and striving for excellence in all aspects. It is the duty of every Indian to uphold the values of democracy, tolerance, and equality, and to protect the environment for future generations. By fulfilling these duties, citizens can contribute towards building a strong and prosperous India.

150 words Essay On Fundamental Duties Of India

In India, the Fundamental Duties are enshrined in the Constitution with the aim of promoting a sense of discipline and commitment towards the nation. These duties were added to the Constitution through the 42nd Amendment in 1976. There are 11 Fundamental Duties that every citizen must adhere to, such as respecting the national flag and anthem, promoting harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood, protecting the environment, and striving towards excellence in all spheres of life.

The Fundamental Duties serve as a guiding light for citizens to conduct themselves in a responsible and upright manner, contributing towards nation-building. These duties complement the Fundamental Rights and help in ensuring the overall well-being and progress of the country. It is imperative for every Indian citizen to understand and uphold these duties to foster a sense of unity, integrity, and pride in being a part of this diverse and vibrant nation.

200 words Essay On Fundamental Duties Of India

Fundamental duties in India are a set of moral obligations that every citizen must follow to uphold the integrity and sovereignty of the country. These duties were added to the Indian Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act in 1976, inspired by the directive principles of state policy.

There are 11 fundamental duties outlined in the Indian Constitution, including respecting the national flag and anthem, promoting harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all, safeguarding public property, and upholding the ideals of the freedom struggle. These duties are aimed at fostering a sense of nationalism, unity, and social responsibility among the citizens.

The fundamental duties act as a reminder to the citizens of India about their responsibilities towards the nation and its well-being. It is essential for individuals to actively participate in the development of the country and contribute towards building a just and inclusive society. By fulfilling these duties, citizens can help maintain peace and harmony in the country and ensure its progress and prosperity.

In conclusion, it is crucial for every citizen of India to adhere to the fundamental duties laid down in the Constitution to create a strong and vibrant nation. These duties not only strengthen the democratic fabric of the country but also promote a sense of collective responsibility and patriotism among the people.

250 words Essay On Fundamental Duties Of India

The Fundamental Duties of India are enshrined in the Indian Constitution as a set of moral and ethical obligations that every citizen of India is expected to fulfill. These duties were added through the 42nd Amendment Act in 1976, and there are a total of 11 Fundamental Duties that are aimed at promoting a sense of discipline, unity, and harmony among the citizens of India.

Some of the key Fundamental Duties include respecting the Constitution, following the ideals of the freedom struggle, upholding the integrity and sovereignty of India, promoting harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood among all people, and safeguarding public property. These duties also include cherishing the rich cultural heritage of India, showing compassion towards living creatures, and protecting the environment.

The Fundamental Duties of India play a crucial role in shaping the character and behavior of its citizens. They act as a guiding force that ensures that every individual contributes positively to the progress and development of the nation. By fulfilling these duties, citizens can create a harmonious society that is based on justice, equality, and fraternity.

It is important for every citizen to understand and uphold their Fundamental Duties as they not only strengthen the foundation of the nation but also foster a sense of belonging and responsibility towards the country. By abiding by these duties, individuals can actively participate in nation-building and contribute towards the overall welfare and development of India. As responsible citizens, it is our duty to honor and fulfill these Fundamental Duties to create a better and brighter future for generations to come.

300 words Essay On Fundamental Duties Of India

Fundamental duties are a crucial part of the Indian Constitution, as they remind the citizens of their responsibility towards the nation. These duties were added to the Constitution through the 42nd Amendment Act in 1976, inspired by the Constitution of the former Soviet Union. There are 11 fundamental duties that were included in the Constitution, which are meant to promote a sense of discipline, unity, and patriotism among the citizens.

The fundamental duties of India are aimed at ensuring the well-being of the nation and promoting a sense of respect for the country’s heritage and culture. Some of the key fundamental duties include respecting the Constitution, promoting harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood among all citizens, safeguarding public property, and striving towards excellence in all aspects of individual and collective activity.

Another important fundamental duty is to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India. This duty emphasizes the importance of putting the nation’s interests above all else and working towards its progress and development. Citizens are also expected to promote the spirit of nationalism and work towards a just and equitable society.

The fundamental duties also stress the importance of preserving the rich cultural and natural heritage of India. This includes protecting the environment, showing compassion towards living creatures, and promoting scientific temper and the spirit of inquiry. By fulfilling these duties, citizens can contribute towards building a better and more sustainable future for the country.

It is important for every citizen to understand and adhere to the fundamental duties of India, as they play a vital role in shaping the character and values of the nation. By respecting these duties, citizens can actively contribute towards the progress and prosperity of the country, creating a more harmonious and inclusive society for future generations.

500 words Essay On Fundamental Duties Of India

In the Indian Constitution, fundamental duties are enshrined under Article 51A. These duties were added by the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee. These duties aim to promote a sense of discipline, responsibility, and patriotism among Indian citizens. While the Constitution primarily focuses on the rights of citizens, the inclusion of fundamental duties emphasizes the importance of fulfilling one’s obligations towards the nation and society.

There are 11 fundamental duties listed in the Constitution, which were added to the original Constitution to encourage citizens to contribute positively towards the development of the country. These duties include respecting the national flag and anthem, promoting harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood among all Indians, and safeguarding public property.

One of the most important fundamental duties of Indian citizens is to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of the country. This duty emphasizes the need for citizens to prioritize the interests of the nation above all else and to take pride in their Indian identity. By respecting the diversity and unity of the country, citizens can contribute to the overall progress and development of India.

Another crucial fundamental duty is to cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the freedom struggle. By remembering and honoring the sacrifices made by our freedom fighters, citizens can cultivate a sense of gratitude and respect towards the country’s history and heritage. This duty also encourages citizens to uphold the values of democracy, secularism, and social justice, which form the foundation of the Indian Constitution.

Furthermore, Indian citizens are expected to promote the spirit of scientific inquiry and humanism. This duty emphasizes the importance of fostering a scientific temper and a rational outlook towards solving societal problems. By promoting scientific knowledge and humanistic values, citizens can contribute to the overall intellectual and moral development of society.

Additionally, citizens are required to protect and improve the natural environment. This duty highlights the significance of environmental conservation and sustainable development. By taking proactive measures to conserve resources, reduce pollution, and safeguard wildlife, citizens can contribute to a cleaner and greener future for India.

Moreover, citizens are expected to develop a sense of duty towards their family, community, and country. By actively participating in community service activities, volunteering for social causes, and assisting those in need, citizens can strengthen the social fabric of society and promote a culture of empathy and compassion.

In conclusion, the fundamental duties of Indian citizens play a crucial role in shaping a responsible and patriotic society. By upholding these duties, citizens can contribute to the overall progress and development of the country. It is imperative for every Indian citizen to internalize these duties and strive to fulfill them to the best of their abilities. Ultimately, by being mindful of their responsibilities towards the nation and society, citizens can collectively work towards building a more inclusive, harmonious, and prosperous India.

Final Words

In conclusion, the fundamental duties of India play a crucial role in fostering a sense of responsibility, patriotism, and respect for the country among its citizens. These duties serve as a reminder that along with rights come certain obligations towards the nation and its people. By adhering to these fundamental duties, individuals can contribute towards the development and progress of the nation as a whole.

It is imperative for every citizen to understand the significance of these duties and work towards upholding them in their daily lives. Whether it is respecting the national flag and anthem, promoting harmony and brotherhood, or protecting the environment, each duty holds its own importance in shaping a responsible and conscientious society.

As India continues on its journey towards growth and development, it is essential for its citizens to internalize and fulfill these fundamental duties to ensure a harmonious, peaceful, and prosperous nation for future generations. By embracing these duties wholeheartedly, we can collectively strive towards building a better and brighter India for all.

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Essay on Fundamental Duties of India | Short & Long | 100, 150, 200, 300 and 400 + Words

The following content is ideal for all class students, parents and teachers who are searching for Essay on Fundamental Duties of India

Essay on Fundamental Duties of India – 100 Words

The Fundamental Duties of Indian citizens are moral obligations towards the country. They were added to the Constitution in 1976 to promote unity, integrity, and harmony. Our rights come with responsibilities towards our nation. These duties include respecting national symbols , protecting public property, upholding the dignity of women and marginalized communities, safeguarding natural resources and wildlife, striving for excellence, and contributing to society through acts of charity or community service. Fulfilling these duties every day can strengthen our democracy and provide equal opportunities for growth. We should learn and practice these values from a young age to make them part of our character. Upholding these responsibilities can make us more aware individuals who create a better future for ourselves and future generations.

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Essay on Fundamental Duties for Classes 5 and 6 – 150 words

Fundamental Duties are the moral duties that every Indian citizen must fulfil, as per the Constitution. These duties promote a sense of patriotism and social awareness among citizens. All citizens are expected to follow these duties not only because they are legally bound but also because it is their moral obligation towards their nation. These duties include respecting national symbols, promoting harmony between different communities, protecting public property, safeguarding natural resources and wildlife, preserving cultural heritage, upholding constitutional values, and contributing towards the betterment of society. By fulfilling these fundamental duties, citizens can actively participate in nation-building and contribute to creating a better society for all. It is important to understand that fulfilling our responsibilities as good citizens will not only benefit us but also contribute to creating a better society at large. Similarly, we need to protect the environment from pollution and destruction and preserve our rich cultural heritage. By doing so, we can ensure sustainable development for future generations and promote a more harmonious and peaceful environment around us.

Essay on Fundamental Duties for Classes 7 and 8 – 250 words

Fundamental duties are moral values that all Indian citizens have towards their country. They were added to the Constitution in 1976 through the 42nd Amendment Act. These duties are crucial for being a responsible citizen and contributing to society’s growth and development. The duties include respecting national symbols, promoting harmony among citizens, protecting public property and natural resources, preserving cultural heritage, and upholding constitutional values. By fulfilling these duties, citizens can actively participate in nation-building and ensure resources for future generations. It is important to note that despite being mandatory under the law, many citizens overlook their fundamental duties. Fulfilling these duties not only benefits individuals but also contributes to creating a better society. Citizens also have a responsibility towards the environment by protecting it from pollution and destruction. Similarly, they need to preserve their cultural heritage by promoting traditional values while embracing modernity. It is important to understand that these duties are not just legal obligations but also moral responsibilities. By fulfilling them sincerely and diligently we can help foster social cohesion and strengthen our democracy. It is imperative that we recognize the significance of these duties and put them into practice as they will ultimately benefit ourselves and those around us. Every individual living in India must recognize their role as a responsible citizen and fulfil the basic values mentioned under Fundamental Duties to create a more harmonious, peaceful, and sustainable future for generations to come.

Essay on Fundamental Duties for Class 9 and 10 – 300 Words

Introduction

India is known for its rich history, diverse culture, and vibrant democracy. The Constitution of India lays down the fundamental principles that govern our nation. In addition to the rights granted to citizens, it also outlines a set of Fundamental Duties that every citizen must abide by. These duties serve as reminders of our responsibilities towards society and the country at large.

What are Fundamental Duties?

Fundamental Duties are the duties that every citizen of India needs to fulfil as a responsible member of society. These duties were added to the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act in 1976. They are inspired by moral values and aim at promoting unity, brotherhood, and communal harmony among citizens. There are eleven Fundamental Duties that every citizen must follow without fail. These include respecting national symbols like the flag and anthem, protecting the sovereignty of India, promoting scientific temper and humanism, and safeguarding public property, among others. Fundamental Duties have been incorporated into our constitution with the objective to create a sense of discipline amongst citizens towards their country. It is believed that these duties would develop patriotism and love for one’s country in individuals which will eventually lead to progress.

Why were Fundamental Duties added to the Constitution of India?

Fundamental Duties were added to the Constitution of India in 1976, by the 42nd Amendment Act. The idea behind adding Fundamental Duties was to emphasise the importance of responsibilities that citizens have towards their country and society. The concept of rights and duties go hand-in-hand; therefore, it became essential to incorporate them into our constitution. Before this amendment, there were only fundamental rights granted by the constitution but no mention of any corresponding duty. It was believed that giving rights without any obligation would make people irresponsible towards their nation. Thus, with a view to creating a balance between individual freedoms and social obligations, Fundamental Duties were included. Fundamental Duties are an integral part of our Constitution that reminds us about our obligations as Indian citizens beyond just enjoying our fundamental rights. This help promotes national unity and development through collective responsibility while ensuring individual growth too.

To sum up, Fundamental Duties are an integral part of the Constitution of India. They were added to promote patriotism and a sense of responsibility among the citizens towards their country. It is crucial for every Indian citizen to follow these duties to maintain social harmony and uphold the dignity of our nation. The importance of fundamental duties cannot be overstated as they serve as guiding principles that help us in achieving our national goals. As responsible citizens, it is our duty to respect the Constitution and preserve its values.

Essay on Fundamental Duties for Senior Students- 500 + Words

India is a land of many cultures with a very rich history and a vast population. As citizens of this great nation, we have certain rights and responsibilities that are enshrined in the Constitution. While most people are aware of their constitutional rights, many tend to overlook or ignore the importance of their Fundamental Duties as Indian citizens.

Fundamental Duties are a set of moral obligations that every citizen of India has to fulfil towards the nation. These duties were added to the Indian Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act in 1976, which made it mandatory for every individual to abide by them. Unlike Fundamental Rights, these duties are not enforceable by law and do not have any legal consequences if violated. The primary objective of these Fundamental Duties is to encourage citizens to contribute positively towards society’s welfare and national development. It aims to instil a sense of responsibility among individuals towards their community, environment, and nation as a whole. Some essential fundamental duties include respecting the constitution, maintaining harmony amongst diverse communities, and protecting public property like historical monuments and natural resources such as forests and water bodies. Citizens also have the duty to uphold the dignity of women, promote scientific temper, protect wildlife and show compassion towards living creatures. Fundamental duties play an integral role in building a robust democracy where citizens take pride in their country’s progress while upholding its values and ideals.

Why are Fundamental Duties important?

These duties are essential for every citizen to follow as they ensure that everyone contributes towards the growth and development of the country. One might wonder why Fundamental Duties are crucial when we already have fundamental rights that safeguard our freedom and liberty. However, it is essential to understand that with rights come responsibilities. Just like how citizens enjoy their basic rights, they also have a responsibility towards society. Fundamental Duties help in promoting communal harmony and national integration among citizens belonging to different religions, castes, genders etc. It helps them understand their role in maintaining peace and unity within society. Fundamental Duties play a crucial role in ensuring social welfare and progress while fostering patriotism among Indian citizens.

What are the Fundamental Duties of Citizens in India?

The Fundamental Duties include respecting the Indian Constitution, national flag and anthem, promoting harmony and brotherhood among all people regardless of religion or caste, protecting public property and abiding by the law. Additionally, citizens must strive to preserve India’s rich heritage and culture, promote scientific temper and spirit of inquiry, safeguard natural resources for future generations, work towards improving education standards and participate in nation-building activities such as voting during elections. It is important for citizens to understand that these duties are not enforceable by law but serve as guiding principles towards building a stronger democracy. Every citizen is responsible for their nation’s progress which can only be achieved if they perform their Fundamental Duties with sincerity.

What are some criticisms of Fundamental Duties?

While Fundamental Duties have been touted as an essential aspect of citizenship and national development, some criticisms exist. One critique is that they do not come with any form of reinforcement or punishment for non-compliance. The Constitution does not outline any penalties for failing to adhere to these duties, making them more aspirational than practical. Another criticism is that the Fundamental Duties largely focus on individual responsibilities towards society, neglecting the government’s role in upholding citizens’ rights and fulfilling its obligations. Critics argue that it would be better if there were a balance between fundamental duties and directive principles to ensure accountability from both citizens and governments. Some people also believe that the inclusion of Fundamental Duties was a quick decision made by lawmakers without enough consultation with stakeholders or public opinion polls. As such, some argue that their implementation may face challenges due to a lack of understanding or support from the general populace. While Fundamental Duties aim at promoting civic responsibility among Indian citizens and promoting national unity, criticisms around their enforceability and vagueness need addressing. A balanced approach incorporating clear guidelines for compliance can help overcome these issues while ensuring effective implementation across all sectors of society.

To sum up, Fundamental Duties serve as a reminder to citizens that along with rights come duties, and it is our responsibility to uphold them for the betterment of society. The 11 fundamental duties enlisted in the Indian Constitution remind us that we need to respect our culture, heritage and fellow citizens while also fulfilling our obligations towards the nation. However, there have been criticisms about these duties being non-justiciable and not enforceable by law. Nonetheless, they still hold great significance as they are considered moral obligations guiding us towards positive behaviour.

1.What are the fundamental duties of students and teachers in school? Answer – Students and teachers alike have a responsibility to uphold the fundamental duties of the school. These include being respectful of one another, following the school rules and regulations, having the right attitude towards learning and teaching, and trying for excellence in academics. It is expected that students and teachers take part in activities that contribute to society such as community service or volunteer work. Finally, students should try to become good citizens by participating in civic activities like voting.

2.What are the basic rights and fundamental duties of an Indian citizen? How can these be learned by children in schools, colleges, etc.? Answer – India has preserved fundamental duties in Part IV-A of its Constitution. They were added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976 and are based on the International Covenant on Economic, Social & Cultural Rights. These duties represent various aspects of a person’s socially responsible behaviour in the form of rights. We believe that educating our children about these important duties is an essential part of their growth and development as citizens.

3.Should fundamental duties be taught in school? Answer – Teaching fundamental duties in schools can help create awareness among students about their responsibilities towards their country and society. It can also help instil a sense of civic responsibility in them from a young age Additionally, including fundamental duties in the school syllabus can help students understand the importance of respecting the Constitution, the rule of law, and democratic values. It can also help them develop a better understanding of the legal system and the rights and duties of citizens.

4.If sleeping is a fundamental right according to article 21 of the Indian constitution, how can teachers at school/college deprive us of it while we sleep during class hours? Answer – While Article 21 of the Indian Constitution recognizes the right to life and personal liberty, including the right to sleep, it is important to note that this right is not absolute. In the context of schools and colleges, there may be rules and regulations in place that restrict or regulate the timing and duration of sleep during class hours. Teachers have the responsibility to ensure that students are attentive and engaged in the learning process during class hours. In some cases, this may require students to stay awake and alert, especially during important lectures, discussions, or activities.

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Fundamental Duties: Meaning, Evolution, Features, Significance & Criticism

While much discourse centers on the rights granted to citizens, it is the concept of fundamental duties that inculcates the essence of responsible citizenship and collective welfare. The Fundamental Duties , as enshrined in the Indian Constitution, is a beacon guiding citizens towards a harmonious and productive relationship with their country and fellow beings. This article of Next IAS delves into the origins, features, and significance of these duties, and the nuanced interplay they share with fundamental rights, all while exploring the judicial perspective and criticisms that accompany them.

Meaning of Fundamental Duties

In the context of a nation, the Fundamental Duties of Indian Constitution refer to a set of duties prescribed for the citizens of that nation. They act as a reminder to the citizens that in addition to the enjoyment of rights, they also have to perform certain duties towards the nation they live in. In essence, Fundamental Duties can be summarised as a set of moral and ethical obligations that citizens are expected to uphold towards a nation.

List of Fundamental Duties in India

Article 51A in Part IV-A provides eleven Fundamental Duties of Indian Constitution. These fundamental duties are mentioned below:

• To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem,
• To cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the national struggle for freedom,
• To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India,
• To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so,
• To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic, and regional or sectional diversities and to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women,
• To value and preserve the rich heritage of the country’s composite culture,
• To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures,
• To develop a scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform,
• To safeguard public property and to abjure violence,
• To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement, and
• To provide opportunities for education to his child or ward between the age of six and fourteen years (added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2002).

Evolution of Fundamental Duties in India

Originally, the Indian Constitution did not contain Fundamental Duties. However, their need and necessity were felt during the operation of the internal emergency from 1975 to 1977. Accordingly, steps were taken by the government that led to the incorporation and evolution of the Fundamental Duties in India:

Sardar Swaran Singh Committee

• The Committee observed that in addition to the enjoyment of rights, the citizens should also perform certain duties.
• Accordingly, it recommended the inclusion of a separate chapter on Fundamental Duties in the Constitution, which would contain a list of 8 Fundamental Duties.

42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976

• Accordingly, it enacted the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act in 1976 , which added a new part (Part IVA) to the Constitution. This new part consists of only one Article (Article 51A) which specifies a code of ten fundamental duties of the citizens of India.
• It is to be noted that though the Swaran Singh Committee recommended the incorporation of eight Fundamental Duties, the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act included ten Fundamental Duties.

86th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2002

• The 86th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2002 added one more Fundamental Duty (to provide opportunities for education to his child or ward between the ages of six and fourteen years).
• The list of Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution has been constant since then.

Features of the Fundamental Duties

The Fundamental Duties of Indian Constitution outlined in Article 51-A possess several distinct features which are as follows:

• Non-Justiciable – These duties are non-justiciable , meaning they are not enforceable by law through the judiciary. However, they serve as moral obligations and guiding principles for citizens.
• Scope of Applicability – These duties are confined to citizens only and do not extend to foreigners.
• Derived from Various Sources – These duties draw inspiration from various sources, including the Constitution of the erstwhile Soviet Union, the thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi, and other constitutional experts. They reflect a blend of national and international values.
• Directive Nature – These duties guide the behavior and conduct of citizens and serve as a moral compass for shaping a responsible and law-abiding society.
• Codification of Indian Values – They refer to values that have been a part of Indian traditions and practices. Thus, they essentially are a codification of tasks integral to the Indian way of life.
• Moral and Civic – Some of them are moral duties e.g. cherishing noble ideals of national freedom struggle, while others are civic duties e.g. respecting the Constitution.

Importance of Fundamental Duties

The significance of the fundamental duties of Indian Constitution lies in their role in fostering a sense of responsibility, patriotism, and social cohesion among citizens. The points highlighting their significance are:

• Promotes Civic Consciousness – These duties instill a sense of civic consciousness and responsibility among citizens toward the nation and society. For example, they remind them of their obligations to uphold the values enshrined in the Constitution.
• Educational and Cultural Promotion – Some Fundamental Duties emphasize the importance of promoting education, scientific temper, and the development of scientific knowledge , while also cherishing the rich cultural heritage of India.
• Harmonization with Rights – These duties complement the Fundamental Rights enshrined in the Constitution. While Fundamental Rights confer entitlements upon citizens , Fundamental Duties remind them of their reciprocal obligations towards society and the nation .
• Promotes People’s Participation – They create a feeling among the citizens that they are not mere spectators but active participants in the realization of national goals.
• Preservation of National Unity and Integrity – These duties emphasize the importance of respecting the ideals of the Constitution and promoting a shared commitment to the welfare of the country beyond individual interests.
• Inculcation of Moral and Ethical Values – These duties encourage the cultivation of moral and ethical values among citizens by promoting integrity, honesty, and respect for others.
• Promotes Democratic Principles – These duties reinforce the principles of democracy through civic engagement and responsible citizenship , essential for the functioning of a vibrant democracy.
• Promotes Social Welfare – These duties encourage citizens to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood, fostering social cohesion and inclusivity.
• Complements Fundamental Rights – While fundamental rights empower individuals, fundamental duties remind citizens of their responsibilities towards society and fellow citizens. They strike a balance between rights and responsibilities , ensuring that individual freedoms are exercised responsibly.
• Legal and Constitutional Framework – These duties serve as guiding principles for lawmakers and policymakers in shaping laws and policies for the betterment of society.
• Aids Judiciary – As ruled by the Supreme Court, in determining the constitutionality of any law, if a court finds that the law in question seeks to give effect to a fundamental duty, it may consider such law to be ‘reasonable’ in relation to Article 14 (equality before law) or Article 19 (six freedoms). Thus, they help the judiciary in examining and determining the constitutional validity of a law.
• Global Recognition – The inclusion of fundamental duties enhances India’s standing on the global stage by showcasing its citizen’s dedication to democratic values and constitutional principles.

Supreme Court’s Views on Fundamental Duties

• Shri Ranganath Mishra vs Union of India (2003) : In this case, the Supreme Court stated that Fundamental Duties should be upheld not merely through legal sanctions but also through social sanctions. Furthermore, the court directed the implementation of Justice J.S. Verma Committee’s recommendations regarding the widespread dissemination of knowledge about Fundamental Duties to the public.
• In AIIMS Students Union v. AIIMS (2001) : The Supreme Court ruled that Fundamental Duties hold the same level of importance as Fundamental Rights. The court observed that both being designated as ‘Fundamental’ underscores their equal significance.

Relation between Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties

The relationship between Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties can be summarised as correlative and complementary. The performance of Fundamental Duties by citizens is necessary for creating an enabling environment for others to enjoy their Fundamental Rights. Similarly, rights are precursors to duties , and without fulfillment of rights, individuals can’t perform their duties. e.g. without fulfillment of the Right to Education , it is difficult to expect the duty to respect the dignity of women.

The inseparable relationship between Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties is illustrated as follows:

Relation between Fundamental Duties and DPSP

Albeit non-justiciable in nature, the DPSPs also form a type of rights to be enjoyed by the citizens. Thus, the relationship between DPSPs and Fundamental Duties is also of a correlative and complementary nature.

The same is illustrated as follows:

Relation between Fundamental Duties and Preamble

The relationship between the Fundamental Duties and the Preamble is rooted in their mutual reinforcement of the ideals and aspirations enshrined in the Indian Constitution. While the Preamble outlines the objectives and guiding principles of the Constitution, the Fundamental Duties articulate the responsibilities of citizens towards achieving these objectives.

Criticism of the Fundamental Duties

• Non-Justiciability – Non-justiciability of Fundamental Duties raises questions about their effectiveness and utility, as there are no legal repercussions for failing to adhere to them.
• Non-Exhaustive – The list of duties is not exhaustive as it does not cover some very important duties such as casting votes, paying taxes, etc.
• Subjectivity and Ambiguity – Some critics argue that the language used to articulate fundamental duties is vague, subjective, and ambiguous which makes it challenging to determine the exact scope and nature of these duties. For example, different interpretations can be given to phrases like ‘noble ideals’, ‘composite culture’, etc.
• Imbalance with Rights – Critics argue that while the Constitution guarantees fundamental rights to citizens, the imposition of fundamental duties creates an imbalance with the rights. They argue that citizens should have enforceable rights without the imposition of corresponding duties, as duties may infringe upon individual autonomy and freedom.
• Inadequate Promotion and Awareness – Many citizens are unaware of their duties or perceive them as secondary to their rights, undermining their effectiveness in fostering a sense of civic responsibility.
• Reduce Significance – The inclusion of Fundamental Duties as an appendage to Part IV of the Constitution is seen as reducing their value and significance . Critics argue that they should have been added after Part III to keep them on par with the Fundamental Rights.

Despite some criticisms, the Fundamental Duties of Indian Constitution remain integral to fostering a sense of civic consciousness, patriotism, and social cohesion. By guiding the citizens towards responsible citizenship, they contribute to the collective well-being and progress of the nation. Overall, they aid in fulfilling the vision of a harmonious and democratic society envisioned by the framers of the Constitution.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are fundamental duties.

The Fundamental Duties of Indian Constitution refer to a set of duties prescribed for the citizens of that nation.

How many Fundamental Duties are there in the Indian Constitution?

There are a total of 11 Fundamental Duties of Indian Citizens in the Indian Constitution.

What are the 11 Fundamental Duties?

The 11 Fundamental Duties of Indian Citizens are a set of guiding principles enshrined in the Constitution to remind individuals of their responsibilities toward the nation. These duties include respecting the Constitution, upholding the unity and sovereignty of India, fostering harmony among all citizens, protecting the environment, promoting scientific temper and humanism, and striving for excellence in personal and collective endeavors, and so on.

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Paragraph on Fundamental Duties in India in English (100, 150, 200, 250 Words)

Fundamental Duties in India, outlined in Article 51A of the Constitution, signify the moral responsibilities of citizens. They include respecting the Constitution, promoting harmony, and contributing to national progress. While not legally enforceable, these duties play a crucial role in fostering a sense of civic responsibility and patriotism among citizens.

(Here, we’ve presented paragraphs in 100, 150, 200 & 250 word samples. All the paragraphs will be helpful for students of all classes i.e. Nursery, LKG, UKG & class 1 to class 12).

Table of Contents

Paragraph on Fundamental Duties in India in 100 Words

In India, Fundamental Duties are the moral obligations of citizens towards the nation. They are outlined in the Constitution to promote harmony and the spirit of unity. These duties include respecting the national flag, defending the country, and upholding the ideals of freedom. Citizens are also expected to cherish and follow the noble principles of the country’s struggle for independence.

Alongside this, citizens must strive to preserve the rich heritage and culture of India. By fulfilling these duties, individuals contribute to the overall welfare and progress of the nation, fostering a sense of collective responsibility among its people.

Fundamental Duties in India are the responsibilities bestowed upon citizens by the Constitution. They emphasize the importance of respecting the nation’s symbols and institutions. Citizens are required to uphold the unity and integrity of India, contributing to its development and progress. It is essential to cultivate a spirit of patriotism and strive towards excellence in all endeavors.

Alongside, citizens must promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood among all people. By fulfilling these duties, individuals play a crucial role in building a strong and prosperous nation, ensuring the well-being of present and future generations.

Fundamental Duties in India signify the moral obligations of citizens towards the nation. They serve as guiding principles for fostering a sense of civic responsibility and national pride. Citizens are encouraged to uphold the ideals of democracy, equality, and justice. It is essential to promote the spirit of unity and integrity among diverse communities.

Alongside this, citizens must strive to protect and preserve the rich cultural heritage of India. By fulfilling these duties, individuals contribute to the overall welfare and progress of the nation, ensuring a harmonious and inclusive society for generations to come.

Fundamental Duties in India Paragraph in 150 Words

Fundamental Duties in India encapsulate the moral obligations that citizens are expected to adhere to, outlined in Article 51A of the Constitution. Firstly, these duties encompass respecting the Constitution, the national flag, and the national anthem, symbolizing reverence for the nation’s core principles.

Secondly, citizens are mandated to safeguard public property and strive towards excellence in all spheres of life, promoting the nation’s development and progress. Additionally, citizens are entrusted with the responsibility of upholding the spirit of brotherhood, ensuring harmony among all individuals regardless of differences.

Moreover, it’s imperative to cherish and preserve India’s rich cultural heritage, fostering a sense of pride and identity among its people. By fulfilling these duties, citizens play an active role in nurturing a vibrant democracy and building a cohesive society rooted in mutual respect and collective well-being.

Paragraph Writing on Fundamental Duties in India in 200 Words

Fundamental Duties in India serve as the cornerstone of citizenship, enshrined in Article 51A of the Constitution. These duties entail a range of responsibilities aimed at fostering a sense of national unity and social harmony.

Citizens are obligated to respect the ideals of the Constitution, the national flag, and the national anthem, symbolizing reverence for the nation’s foundational principles. Moreover, individuals are expected to safeguard public property and resources, contributing to the collective welfare and progress of the nation.

Beyond mere compliance with laws, citizens play a vital role in upholding the spirit of brotherhood and promoting social cohesion. It is incumbent upon every individual to cultivate a sense of empathy, tolerance, and inclusivity towards fellow citizens from diverse backgrounds. By fostering mutual respect and understanding, citizens contribute to the creation of a harmonious and equitable society.

To effectively fulfill their duties, citizens must actively engage in civic life and participate in democratic processes. This includes exercising the right to vote responsibly, advocating for social justice, and actively contributing to the betterment of the community. By embracing their role as active participants in nation-building, citizens can collectively shape a brighter future for India.

In essence, adherence to Fundamental Duties is not merely a legal obligation but a moral imperative for every citizen. By embracing these duties wholeheartedly, individuals can contribute to the realization of India’s democratic ideals and ensure the continued progress and prosperity of the nation.     

Writing Paragraph on Fundamental Duties in India in 250 Words

Fundamental Duties in India, enshrined in Article 51A of the Constitution, outline the moral obligations of citizens towards the nation. These duties are not legally enforceable but are fundamental to the functioning of a democratic society. They include respecting the Constitution, the national flag, and the national anthem, as well as upholding the unity and integrity of the nation.

To follow these duties, citizens must actively engage in promoting social harmony and the spirit of brotherhood. This involves respecting the rights and dignity of all individuals, regardless of differences in religion, race, caste, or gender. Additionally, citizens are encouraged to participate in civic activities, such as volunteering, community service, and environmental conservation efforts.

Embracing Fundamental Duties benefits society by fostering a sense of collective responsibility and patriotism. When citizens fulfill their duties, it contributes to the overall well-being and progress of the nation. It strengthens social cohesion and helps build a more inclusive and equitable society for all.

However, failure to adhere to Fundamental Duties may have consequences. While there are no legal penalties for non-compliance, disregarding these duties can lead to social discord, erosion of democratic values, and a breakdown of trust within communities.

Implementing and enforcing Fundamental Duties at the grassroots level requires collaboration between government agencies, educational institutions, civil society organizations, and media outlets. Public awareness campaigns, educational programs, and grassroots initiatives can help instill a sense of civic responsibility and promote active citizenship among citizens.

In conclusion, Fundamental Duties serve as guiding principles for responsible citizenship in India. By following these duties, citizens contribute to the collective welfare and progress of the nation, fostering a stronger and more cohesive society for generations to come.

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General Studies

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Fundamental Duties, List, Evolution, Features, Importance

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Polity Notes for UPSC

Table of Contents

• Fundamental Duties

List of 11 Fundamental Duties of India

Fundamental duties features, fundamental duties importance, relation between fundamental rights and fundamental duties, important supreme court judgements on fundamental duties, justice verma committee on fundamental duties.

Prelims: Indian Polity & Governance – Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.

Mains : Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.

Fundamental Duties: As responsible Indian citizens, we are bestowed with certain rights and duties. Alongside our rights, it is crucial to be aware of our Fundamental Duties and fulfil them conscientiously. These duties require us to adhere to the laws of the land and fulfil our legal obligations. The Indian Constitution outlines 11 Fundamental Duties that serve as guiding principles for citizens. These duties encompass a wide range of responsibilities, reflecting the values and ideals that contribute to the betterment of our society and nation as a whole.

Initially, the Indian Constitution only included fundamental rights without Fundamental Duties. The duties of the State were outlined as Directive Principles of State Polity. However, in 1976, Fundamental Duties of the Indian Constitution were added for citizens. The fundamental duties are taken from the constitution of the former USSR.

During the internal emergency (1975-1977), the Congress Party established the Sardar Swaran Singh Committee in 1976. The committee recommended incorporating a separate chapter on Fundamental Duties in the Constitution. It emphasised the importance of citizens recognising their duties alongside their rights.

• Part IV-A was added to the Constitution, which introduced Article 51A. This article outlined ten Fundamental Duties for citizens, marking their first explicit mention in the Constitution.
• Incorporated Duties: While the Swaran Singh Committee initially suggested eight Fundamental Duties, the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act expanded the list to ten.
• Duty to educate: In 2002, Article 51(k) was added, which stated that it is a fundamental duty of every citizen who is a parent or a guardian to provide opportunities for free and compulsory education to a child who is between 6 years to 14 years of age.

The Indian Constitution includes a single Article, Article 51A, in Part IV-A, which deals with Fundamental Duties. These duties were added through the 42nd Amendment Act in 1976, outlining 11 Fundamental Duties for citizens. They are as follows:

The main features of the Fundamental Duties are:

• Moral and civic duties: The Fundamental Duties encompass both moral and civic obligations. They include responsibilities such as cherishing the noble ideals of the freedom struggle under Article 51A (b) (a moral duty) and respecting the Constitution, National Flag, and National Anthem under Article 51A(a) (a civic duty).
• Rooted in Indian tradition: The Fundamental Duties are derived from values deeply embedded in Indian tradition, mythology, religions, and practices. For example, the duty to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women has been rooted in the Indian tradition for ages.
• Applicable to citizens: Unlike certain Fundamental Rights that extend to all individuals, including foreigners, the Fundamental Duties are specifically applicable to Indian citizens. 
• Non-justiciable: Similar to the Directive Principles of State Policy, the Fundamental Duties are non-justiciable. However, the Parliament has the authority to enforce these duties through suitable legislation.

According to the late Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, the moral value of fundamental duties lies in establishing a democratic balance by making individuals equally conscious of their duties as they are of their rights, without suppressing the importance of rights themselves. The Fundamental Duties are considered important from the following viewpoints:

• Reminding citizens of their responsibilities: The inclusion of Fundamental Duties serves as a reminder to citizens that while enjoying their rights, they also have obligations towards their country, society, and fellow citizens.
• Warning against anti-national activities: Fundamental Duties warn against anti-national or antisocial activities, such as burning the national flag or destroying public property. They help in fostering a sense of respect and reverence towards national symbols and public resources.
• Inspiring discipline and commitment: Fundamental Duties inspire citizens and promote a sense of discipline and commitment. They encourage citizens to actively participate in the realisation of national goals actively, fostering a collective effort towards nation-building.
• According to a 1992 Supreme Court decision, a court may consider a law to be "reasonable" in relation to Article 14 (equality before the law) or Article 19 (six freedoms) and thus prevent it from being unconstitutional if it finds that the law in question seeks to carry out a fundamental duty.
• Political justification: The inclusion of Fundamental Duties was justified by H.R. Gokhale, the then Law Minister, and Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister, as a means to strengthen democracy and establish a balance between rights and duties .

The Constitution of India not only guarantees fundamental rights but also outlines Fundamental Duties. While Fundamental Rights were introduced earlier and are legally enforceable, Fundamental Duties were established through the 42nd Amendment in 1976.

• Article 21 guarantees the right to education, while Article 51A (k) imposes the duty on parents and guardians to provide free and compulsory education for children aged 6-14 years.
• Neglecting Fundamental Duties: Individuals often concentrate on their rights while ignoring their duties. In the name of the right to Free speech , people sometimes incite violence and spread fake news, but this contradicts the duty to maintain social harmony and unity.
• Political leaders and religious divisions: Many political leaders seek votes by exploiting religious affiliations, thereby disregarding their fundamental duty outlined in Article 51A (c) – the duty to protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of the country.
• Reinforcing democracy through fulfilling Duties: For democracy to flourish, citizens must recognise the significance of fulfilling their Fundamental Duties in conjunction with exercising their fundamental rights.

Some important judgements of the Supreme Court on Fundamental duties are:

The committee was formed in 1998 in response to the need for an effective plan for the enforcement of Fundamental Duties, with the goal of instilling a sense of responsibility and civic consciousness in individuals from an early age. The committee acknowledged the non-operationalization of Fundamental Duties and sought to address it by focusing on implementation strategies.

The following laws were identified by the committee for the enforcement of some of the Fundamental Duties:

• Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971: Disrespecting the National flag, the Constitution of India, and the National Anthem is deemed unlawful under this act, ensuring the honour and respect for national symbols.
• Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955: This act provides legal provisions and punishments for offences related to caste and religion, safeguarding civil rights and promoting equality.
• Representation of the People Act, 1951: Members of Parliament or state legislatures indulging in corrupt practices, such as seeking votes in the name of religion, can be held accountable under this act, ensuring ethical conduct in elections.
• Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: This act protects and regulates trade concerning rare and endangered animals, promoting conservation efforts and preserving biodiversity.
• Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980: Implemented to ensure the proper implementation of Article 51A(g), this act focuses on the conservation of forests, their resources, and sustainable environmental practices.

The non-enforceability of fundamental duties does not diminish their importance. They are crucial in a democratic state as they remind individuals of their responsibilities towards the nation while enjoying their rights. The term 'fundamental' attached to these duties highlights their significance, regardless of some duties being enforceable by law separately. It is not solely the government's duty to uphold the Constitution; citizens must also be aware of their societal roles.

Fundamental Duties UPSC PYQ's

Q.1.  Other than the Fundamental Rights, which of the following parts of the Constitution of India reflect/reflects the principles and provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)? (2019)

• Directive Principles of State Policy

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 and 2 only

(c) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3

Q.2.  Which of the following statement(s) is/are true of the Fundamental Duties of an Indian citizen? (2017)

• A legislative process has been provided to enforce these duties.
• They are correlative to legal duties.

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Q.3.  In the context of India, which one of the following is the correct relationship between Rights and Duties?

• Rights are correlative with Duties.
• Rights are personal and hence independent of society and Duties.
• Rights, not Duties, are important for the advancement of the personality of the citizen.
• Duties, not Rights, are important for the stability of the State.

Answer: (A) Rights are correlative with Duties.

Q.4.  "To uphold and protect the Sovereignty, Unity and Integrity of India" is a provision made in the (2015)

(a) Preamble of the Constitution

(b) Directive Principles of State Policy

(c) Fundamental Rights

(d) Fundamental Duties

Answer: (d) Fundamental Duties

Q.5.  Which of the following is/are among the Fundamental Duties of citizens laid down in the Indian Constitution? (2012)

• To preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture
• To protect the weaker sections from social injustice
• To develop the scientific temper and spirit of inquiry
• To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

(c) 1, 3 and 4 only

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: (c) 1, 3 and 4 only

Fundamental Duties FAQs

Q) Why Fundamental Duties are important?

Fundamental Duties are important as they promote a sense of responsibility, social harmony, and the overall development of individuals and the nation.

Q) Why are Fundamental Duties non-justiciable?

Fundamental Duties are non-justiciable to maintain a balance between individual rights and societal obligations, as their enforcement through legal means could potentially infringe upon personal freedoms and lead to excessive state interference.

Q) Why are Fundamental Duties not enforceable?

Fundamental Duties are not enforceable in a strictly legal sense because they are moral and ethical obligations expected from citizens, and their enforcement through legal means would be impractical and counterproductive.

Q) Which committee recommended Fundamental Duties?

The committee that recommended Fundamental Duties in India was the Swaran Singh Committee.

Q) What is the significance of Fundamental Duties?

The significance of Fundamental Duties lies in their role in fostering a sense of citizenship and social responsibility and promoting a harmonious and cohesive society by encouraging individuals to contribute positively to the nation's progress and development.

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Rights without duties will lead to lawlessness. Examine the statement in context of the relevance of fundamental duties in present times.

Topic: Fundamental duties,

2. Rights without duties will lead to lawlessness. Examine the statement in context of the relevance of fundamental duties in present times. (250 words)

Reference:  Indian polity by Lakshmikant

Why the question: The question aims to examine the importance of fundamental duties enshrined in the Indian constitution. Key Demand of the question: Explain how Rights without duties will lead to lawlessness while asserting the importance of fundamental rights. Directive: Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications. Structure of the answer: Introduction: Start with definition of fundamental duties. Body: The Fundamental Duties are defined as the moral obligations of all citizens to help promote a spirit of patriotism and to uphold the unity of India. The idea for Fundamental Duties has been taken from erstwhile USSR. Explain that the Fundamental duties establish democratic balance by making the people conscious of their duties equally as they are conscious of their rights. Discuss in what way they balance out rights and thus help maintain law in the country. Give suitable examples from the recent times to justify the statement. Conclusion: Conclude that while the state has a great deal of responsibility in providing for their protection through appropriate legislative instruments, the responsibility to protect torchbearers of transparency vests on each one of us.

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Fundamental Duties – Indian Polity Notes

The Fundamental Duties are an essential part of the Indian Constitution. Some of the highest ideals preached by our great saints, philosophers, social reformers, and political leaders are embodied in the duties prescribed. When its inception in 1950, India’s original constitution did not mention citizen duties. 

Citizens’ Fundamental Duties were added to the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment in 1976, in response to the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee , which had been formed by the government earlier that year. The Fundamental Duties help to regulate citizens’ behavior and to achieve excellence in all aspects of citizens’ lives. 

Table of Contents

Quotes of Mahatma Gandhi about duty: 

•  “The true source of rights is duty. If we all discharge our duties, right will not be far to seek. If we leave duties unperformed we run after rights, they will escape us like a will-o’-the-wisp. The more we pursue them, the farther they fly” – MAHATMA GANDHI 

Important Information on Fundamental Duties 

• This section was inspired by the USSR constitution, which is listed in Part IV(A) and consists of a single Art. 51. 
• Fundamental responsibilities, such as DPSP, are non-justiciable. 
• On the recommendations of the Swaran Singh committee, the 42nd CAA added this section in 1976. (The committee recommended only Eight Duties, the amendment added ten duties) 
• In addition, the 86th CAA 2002 added one more duty – 51A(k) = a total of 11 duties. 
• The Japanese constitution is one of the few democratic nations that includes a provision addressing citizens’ duties. 
• Fundamental Duties only apply to residents and do not extend to foreigners. 

Swaran Singh Committee on Fundamental Duty: 

• The Swaran Singh Committee on Fundamental Duty concluded that, in addition to exercising certain rights, citizens must also perform certain duties. The government accepted this recommendation. 
• Part IVA was added as a new section with only one article. 
• Some of the committee’s recommendations that were rejected include: 
• Parliament may impose any penalty for failure to comply with any FD. 
• No law imposing such a penalty could be challenged in court. Tax payment should also be a fundamental duty of citizens. 

List of Fundamental Duties 

• To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag, and the National Anthem. 
• To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom. 
• To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India. 
• To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so. 
• To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all people of India transcending religious, linguistic, and regional or sectional diversities and to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women. 
• To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture. 
• To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures. 
• To develop the scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform. 
• To safeguard public property and to abjure violence. 
• To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity, so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement. 
• Subsequently, another duty was added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2002: for a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education of the child or ward between the ages of six and fourteen (It was added under Article 21A Right to education was made an FR). 

The following are the characteristics of fundamental duties: 

• The fundamental duties include both moral and civic obligations. 
• Fundamental rights apply to foreigners as well, but fundamental duties are only applicable to Indian citizens. 
• The fundamental duties are not legally enforceable. In the event of a violation, the government cannot impose any legal sanctions. 
• These responsibilities are also linked to Hindu traditions or mythology, such as paying homage to the country or promoting the spirit of brotherhood. 

The Importance of Fundamental Duties 

• They serve as a reminder to citizens that, while exercising their rights, they must also be mindful of the duties they owe to their country, society, and fellow citizens. 
• They serve as a deterrent to anti-national and anti-social activities such as burning the national flag and destroying public property. 
• They serve as a source of inspiration for citizens and instill in them a sense of discipline and commitment. 
• They give the impression that citizens are not passive bystanders but active participants in the achievement of national goals. 
• They are ideal and guide citizens in the right direction. 
• They assist courts in examining and determining a law’s constitutionality. 
• For example, the Supreme Court ruled in 1992 that when determining the constitutionality of a law, if a court finds that the law in question seeks to give effect to a fundamental duty, it may consider such law to be reasonable in relation to Article 14 (equality before the law) or Article 19 (six freedoms), and thus save such law from unconstitutionality. 
• The significance of fundamental duties is that they define the moral obligations of all citizens to contribute to the promotion of patriotism and the preservation of India’s unity. 
• Fundamental duties make citizens aware of their social and citizenship responsibilities, shaping a society in which all become solicitous and considerate of our fellow citizens’ inalienable rights. 

Criticism of Fundamental Duties:  

• They are inherently non-justiciable. 
• Important responsibilities such as taxation and family planning are not covered. 
• Provisions that are vague and ambiguous, making it difficult for the average person to understand 
• Provisions that are superfluous because they would be followed even if they were not included 
• Inclusion as an appendix to the constitution diminishes the value and intent of FD. 

Verma Committee: 

• The committee was set up in 1999. 
• It identified some legal provisions for enforcement of FDs– Prevention of insults to National Honor, laws which penalize for promoting enmity, protection of Civil Rights Act, Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972, etc 
• The Verma Committee (1999) identified the existence of the following legal provision: 
• Prevention of insults to National Honour Act (1971) 
• Protection of Civil Rights Act (1955) 
• Representation of People Act (1951) 
• Wildlife Protection Act (1972) and Forest Conservation Act (1980) 

Supreme Court (1992) ruled 

• In determining the constitutional validity of any law, the Supreme Court (1992) ruled that if the law in question seeks to give effect to FDs, it may consider such law to be reasonable about Art. 14 or Art. 19, thus saving such law from unconstitutionality. 
• The state can enact laws to prevent duty violations. 
• Writs cannot be used to impose duties. 

Difference Between Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties: 

Conclusion:  

• Fundamental duties are the moral obligations of all citizens to promote patriotism and preserve India’s unity. The fact that there is no penalty for failing to follow Fundamental Duties does not diminish their importance. Fundamental Duties are the conscience of our Constitution; they should be regarded as constitutional values that all citizens must uphold. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. what are fundamental duties in the indian constitution.

Answer: Fundamental Duties are a set of moral and civic obligations outlined in Part IV-A of the Indian Constitution under Article 51A. These duties were added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976 and are considered essential for the harmonious development of the nation.

2. How many Fundamental Duties are there in the Indian Constitution?

Answer: As of now, there are 11 Fundamental Duties enumerated in Article 51A of the Indian Constitution. These duties emphasize the importance of individual and collective responsibilities towards the nation and its well-being.

3. Are Fundamental Duties legally enforceable?

Answer: While Fundamental Duties are mentioned in the Constitution, they are not legally enforceable by the courts. However, it is expected that citizens adhere to these duties voluntarily as they contribute to the overall welfare of society. The 42nd Amendment encouraged citizens to follow these duties as a measure to strengthen the democratic fabric of the country.

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• School Education /

Essay on Indian Constitution in 100, 250, and 350 words

• Updated on  
• Jan 3, 2024

The constitution of India was written and adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949 but it became effective on 26th January 1950. It is a set of rules and regulations that guide the administration of the country. It is the backbone of every democratic and secular fabric of the nation. The Indian Constitution is the longest in the world and describes the framework for political principles, procedures and powers of the government. This is just a brief paragraph on the Indian constitution, we have provided samples of essay on Indian Constitution. Let’s explore them!

Table of Contents

• 1 Essay on Indian Constitution in 100 words
• 2 Essay on Indian Constitution in 250 words
• 3 Essay on Indian Constitution in 350 words
• 4 Indian Constitution Defines the Fundamental Rights and Duties of Indian Citizens
• 5 The Constitution Defines the Structure and Working of the Government
• 6 Conclusion

Learn more about the Making of Indian Constitution

Essay on Indian Constitution in 100 words

The Indian Constitution became effective on the 26th of January 1950 although the Constituent Assembly adopted it on the 26th of November 1949. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar headed the drafting committee that wrote it. Hence, it was the longest-written constitution of India and provides a detailed account of the fundamental rights and duties of the citizens of India. The original constitution of India is the lengthiest in the world and is hand-written and calligraphed. It is the supreme law of India that is drafted by the Constituent Assembly which is even superior to the Parliament. After the constitution came into effect, the status of India changed from “Dominion of India” to “Republic of India”. Hence, 26th January is celebrated as The Republic Day of India.

Also Read:- Importance of Internet

Essay on Indian Constitution in 250 words

The Indian Constitution was drafted under the chairmanship of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar who is known as the ‘Father of Indian Constitution’. It took almost 3 years to draft the same. Various aspects of the society such as economic, socio-political, etc were taken into consideration while drafting the constitution. While drafting the Indian Constitution, the drafting committee took into consideration various constitutions of other countries such as France, Japan and Britain to seek valuable insights. 

The Fundamental Rights and Duties of the Indian Citizens, the Directive Principles of State Policy and the Federal Structure of the Government of India, all were included in the Indian Constitution. Every policy, duty and right has been explained at length in the Indian Constitution hence making it the lengthiest written constitution in the world. 

There were more than 2000 amendments that had to be made to the Indian Constitution to get it approved. The same was adopted on November 26th, 1949 and was enforced on January 26th, 1950. From that day onwards, the status of India changed from “Dominion of India” to “Republic of India”. And that is why since then, 26th January is celebrated as the Republic Day. On this occasion, the National Flag of India is hoisted at various places across the nation and the National Anthem is sung to rejoice the day. There is a special day that is dedicated to the Indian Constitution known as the ‘National Constitution Day’ that came into existence in 2015. 

Also Read:- Essay on Pollution

Essay on Indian Constitution in 350 words

The Indian Constitution is the supreme document that gives a very detailed account of what the citizens of India can and also cannot do. It has been set up as a standard that needs to be followed to ensure law and order in society and also to help it develop and prosper.

Indian Constitution Defines the Fundamental Rights and Duties of Indian Citizens

The duties and the Fundamental Rights of the Indian citizens have been clearly stated and defined in the Constitution of India. The Fundamental Rights include:

• The Right to Equality
• The Right to Freedom
• The Right to Freedom of Religion
• Cultural and Educational Rights
• Right Against Exploitation
• Right to Constitutional Remedies

These are the basic rights and all the citizens across the country are entitled to the same irrespective of their colour, caste, creed, or religion.

Fundamental Duties of the Indian CItizens that are included in the Indian Constitution are:-

• Respecting the Constitution of India
• To always honour the National Anthem and the National Flag
• To protect the unity
• Preserving the heritage of the county
• Protecting the integrity and sovereignty of India
• Promoting the spirit of brotherhood
• To have compassion for living creatures
• To strive for excellence 
• To protect public property and contribute your bit to maintaining peace

These are also mentioned in detail in the Indian Constitution. 

The Constitution Defines the Structure and Working of the Government

The working of the Government as well as its structure is also mentioned in detail in the Indian Constitution.  The Indian Constitution mentions that India has a parliamentary system of government that is present at the centre as well as in states. The power to take major decisions lies with the Prime Minister and the Union Council of Ministers. The president of India on the other hand, has nominal powers.

Also Read: Essay on Human Rights

The Constitution of India was approved after several amendments by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar who, along with his team of six members, was a part of the drafting committee that came up with the Indian Constitution.

Ans: The Indian Constitution became effective on the 26th of January 1950 although the Constituent Assembly adopted it on the 26th of November 1949. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar headed the drafting committee that wrote it. Hence, it was the longest-written constitution of India and provides a detailed account of the fundamental rights and duties of the citizens of India. The original constitution of India is the lengthiest in the world and is hand-written and calligraphed. It is the supreme law of India that is drafted by the Constituent Assembly which is even superior to the Parliament. After the constitution came into effect, the status of India changed from “Dominion of India” to “Republic of India”. Hence, 26th January is celebrated as The Republic Day of India.

Ans: The constitution of India was written and adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949 but it became effective on 26th January 1950. It is a set of rules and regulations that guide the administration of the country. It is the backbone of every democratic and secular fabric of the nation. The Indian Constitution is the longest in the world. And describes the framework for political principles, procedures and powers of the government.

Ans: The Indian Constitution is the supreme document that gives a very detailed account of what the citizens of India can and also cannot do. It has been set up as a standard that needs to be followed to ensure law and order in society and also to help it develop and prosper.

Related Reads:-

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• Constitutional law

Fundamental Duties: Article 51-A Under Indian Constitution

This article is written by Aniket Tiwari , a 1st-year student at Law School, Banaras Hindu University. This article gives detailed information about the Fundamental Duties in a very interesting way.  

Table of Contents

Introduction 

Our country India has the lengthiest written constitution in the world. In this, the rights of every person are kept in mind. However, the three organs of the State cannot make this country self-reliant until they get the proper support from the citizens as well. So there are certain fundamental duties which are expected from the citizens to be carried out. In this article, we will discuss the Fundamental Duties which are expected to be carried out by the citizens of our country. It is a moral obligation on the citizens to maintain the feeling of patriotism and unity among all the citizens of the country.

I remember an instance where a popular celebrity was found to breach the fundamental duty. There was a lady wearing a saree during the commentary of the live cricket match and that saree had a reflection of tricolor in it. In this case, the Indian flag seemed to touch the feet of that anchor. She was brutally criticized by various peoples and in the court, as this was a case of breach of fundamental duty so no legal action can be further taken against that anchor. 

This was an instance of the year 2007 when I was still a child and knowing nothing about the Fundamental Duties. However, today I can clearly say that it was a breach of fundamental duty. Fundamental Duties are applied only to the citizens of the country, not to any organ of the state.

Need for Fundamental Duties

It is important to understand that no democratic system could ever succeed if the citizens are not willing to participate actively by discharging their duties which are expected to be done by them. 

Our Constitution has provided us with various rights and expects us to perform certain duties as a return. Article 51(A) talks about these Fundamental Duties and has 11 fundamental duties that are expected to be performed by the citizens (there were 10 earlier and 11th was added later by the 86th amendment). First, we will discuss these 11 fundamental duties and then we can move on to the next topic whether it is needed or not.

• We need to follow our Constitution and should respect our national flag and national anthem.
• Should follow the ideals of the freedom struggle.
• Protect the sovereignty and integrity of our nation.
• Protect our nation and provide national services when required.
• Should have the spirit of a common brotherhood.
• Preserve the culture of our country.
• Protect the environment of our country.
• Generate scientific rationale for every thought.
• To protect public property.
• Strive for excellence.
• It is the duty of every parent to send their children between 6-14 years to school.    

From these fundamental duties, one can easily understand the need for the fundamental duty in our constitution. It is required to protect the sovereignty of our nation. To maintain the unity and integrity of our nation. Rights and duties go hand in hand and cannot be separated at any cost. Fundamental duties and fundamental rights are two sides of a coin which we know that it can’t be separated. Also, it is found as the need of the hour to introduce fundamental duties in our constitution.

• Maintain the Sovereign Nature of State: The main aim of the insertion of fundamental duties was to maintain the sovereign nature of our state. Although these are not legally enforced then also provide some kind of sovereign power to our state.
• To maintain Unity and Integrity of the nation: In the current scenario, we can see that people are often talking about the term “intolerance”. They are relating intolerance with unity. According to them if the people become intolerant then the compatibility with other people will be affected and ultimately the unity among different people will be affected terribly. Our Fundamental Duties help in developing tolerance among the citizens and ultimately help in developing the feeling of unity and integrity among the citizens of our country.
• In the interpretation of different statues which are made by the legislature: The Fundamental Duties help in the interpretation of the law/ statues made by the legislature. It is held in many cases that the need for Fundamental Duties in interpreting the Fundamental Right is pivotal. In the case of Mohan Kumar Singhania v. Union of India the court held that statues made according to Article 51(A) of our Constitution are valid. Thus from this, we can clearly see that Fundamental Duties help in interpreting the constitutional provision.
• In order to create a balance between the claims of the individual citizen and those of the civil society: A report was submitted by a committee led by late Justice J.S. Verma in the year 1999. The need for and importance of Fundamental Duties(especially under Article 51A) was explained by this committee. It can be found in recommendation nos 3.38.1 and 3.38.2 of the report. According to this committee, it is important to create a balance between the expectations of individual citizens and to create a civil society. To achieve this goal, it becomes important to orient the citizens of our country to be aware of their social and citizenship responsibility. And by doing this we will ultimately end up by shaping the civil society(By term ‘civil society’, we mean that a society where all become concerned and considerate of the rights of fellow citizens).
• Needed for the current situation: When our Constitution was drafted by our Constitution makers they found that they didn’t need to insert the fundamental duty in our constitution. But as time passes the need and importance of Fundamental Duty was felt that is why they were inserted later by 42nd Amendment in our Constitution. Earlier the feeling of patriotism, harmony, feeling to promote brotherhood, secularism were inherent and there was no need to put any moral or legal obligation on the citizen to the same. The feeling of serving the country and defending the country at any cost was there among the citizens of the country. The people were willing to protect the rich heritage of Indian culture.

However, as time passed people were lacking these qualities. Earlier the above qualities were taught by the family and also by the teachers in school and colleges. But with the passage of time, all the people become so busy in their life that they forget to inculcate these values among themselves. Those qualities which were once an integral part of the life of the citizens of India were found to be enforced in the form of Fundamental Duties.         

In Chandra Bhavan Boarding And Lodging Bangalore v. State of Mysore And Another , the Supreme Court held that it is not possible for our constitution to protect all the rights of citizens without assigning certain duties to its citizens. However, this decision was taken before the insertion of fundamental duties in the Indian Constitution. It clearly explains the need for fundamental duties for making a welfare society.

Source of Fundamental Duties

Nowadays we can clearly see that people will start protesting and how often it becomes violent. There are many instances where any protest became violent and people start vandalizing public property and start disrespecting the government. Here citizens go beyond the line and often forget their moral duty towards the nation. There was a similar condition in our country during the National Emergency of 1976 where the then ruling party of our country i.e. Indian National Congress formed the Sardar Swaran Singh Committee. 

The main purpose of this committee was to suggest the amendment in the Constitution of India(mainly for the recommendations of fundamental duties). This committee suggested that the citizens should know that for the enjoyment of their rights they also have some duties and they should be abided by those duties. This committee recommended 8 points of fundamental duties. These were as follows:

• To respect the constitution of our country.
• To uphold the sovereignty and maintain unity and integrity of the nation.
• To respect the democratic institutions.
• To protect our country and provide national services when asked to do so.
• Affirm communalism in any form.
• To promote the common good of people and cooperate in the implementation of the Directive Principle of State Policy. 
• To safeguard public property.
• Pay taxes according to rules and regulations.

However, all of the recommendations were not accepted and some further changes were made to the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee and Fundamental Duties were finally inserted by the 42nd amendment in the Indian Constitution in the year 1976. However, initially, there were only ten fundamental duties and the 11th duty was added later by the 86th amendment in 2002.

Many countries in this world have the fundamental duty mentioned in their constitution. For example, Articles 43-45 of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam talks about the duties of citizens towards the nation. Similarly, Article 194 of The Netherlands also mentions about the same. Japan has also mentioned the fundamental duty of the residents of the country. The idea of Fundamental Duties which has been mentioned in our constitution is basically taken from the constitution of Russia( then USSR). These fundamental duties are mentioned in Chapter 10 of the Constitution of the USSR. The concept of Fundamental Duties have also been discussed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and also in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights .      

Enforcement of Duties

Directive Principle of State Policy (which is given in Chapter IV of the Indian Constitution) and Fundamental Duties needs to be read together. Both have a moral obligation on the state and citizens respectively.

Fundamental Duties do not have any legal devour for its violation. There are six positive duties which are expected to be done by the citizens of our country and there are five negative duties which are not expected to be carried out by the citizens. There is no legal enforceability for its breach, it is because of the nature of the Fundamental Duties. We can clearly understand that it is practically impossible to enforce these duties.

It is important to know that Fundamental Duties are only enforceable for the citizens holding public offices. It is possible by way of departmental rules of conduct and by making suitable legislation. There are appropriate sanctions for the breach of Fundamental Duties in Public Offices.

There are many places in India where a person holding public office can be barred from departmental promotions, also their increment can be refused. An officer who takes part in strikes and organized a rally against the institution can be made to give up his salary for that day.

Section 3 of the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971

Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971 is an act that prevents the citizens of our country from dishonoring the country. It includes dishonoring the National Flag and Constitution of India. However, these are reasonably enforceable.

Section 3 of this act talks about the prevention of singing of the National Anthem. All the citizens should be punished if they intentionally prevent the singing of the National Anthem or causes disturbance to an assembly which is busy in such singing. For instance, if a person starts making noise in a place where an assembly is doing the National Anthem he would be punished under this article.

In the recent case of Shyam Narayan Chouksey v. Union of India in which Hon’ble Justice Deepak Misra and Hon’ble Justice Roy passed an interim order making it mandatory to:

i) Play the National Anthem before the screening of each movie.

ii) Making it compulsory for all viewers to stand still during the National Anthem.

This judgment was found to be violating Article 19(1) of the Indian Constitution as the unreasonable restrictions were put on the citizens of the country. Article 19(1)g clearly mentioned that the state can formulate any law which puts a restriction on Article 19(1) however these restrictions should be reasonable. The decision, in this case, was found to be violating the fundamental right of citizens. It was found to be violating the Fundamental Rights as it put unreasonable restrictions that cannot be done by the State. As our country is a liberal country where everyone has the right to think independently, express their views without any obligation and follow their belief without any compulsion.

This case brought turmoil in the Indian society as many people supported this verdict as they found it to protect the honor of our nation. There were also people who were not satisfied with the verdict of the Court as they find it to violate the fundamental rights of citizens. It was a landmark case in the Indian Judicial System. How can one be compelled to stand during the National Anthem without his will? Also, how can the patriotism of a person be judged by this? Here, in this case, the Supreme Court clearly held that the Fundamental Duties are above Fundamental Rights.  Here there were many loopholes in the Supreme Court decision.

M.C. Mehta v. Union of India, 1988 SCR (2) 530

The Fundamental Duty, given in Article 51 A(g) of the Indian Constitution clearly mentions the duty of the citizen to protect the environment. According to this article, it is the duty of every citizen to protect and preserve the natural environment (natural environment includes forest, rivers, lakes, and wildlife). A healthy environment is an essential element of the welfare of any society.

In the case of M.C. Mehta v. Union of India Article 51(g) was enforced by the Supreme Court. In this case, 274.50 million liters of sewage water was being discharged into the river Ganga on a daily basis. This case is about the city of Kanpur, which is the biggest city on the bank of river Ganga. Here water pollution was to a great extent that’s why the petitioner filed a petition in the Supreme Court. Here Apex Court of the country found that Municipal bodies and industries in Kanpur were the main reason for polluting the river. Therefore judgment was taken against Kanpur Nagar Mahapalika. In this case, Nagar Mahapalika and Municipal Boards were held liable because it is their responsibility to maintain and protect the environment in the areas of Kanpur.

Further here the Apex Court held that as there are many grave consequences of water and air pollution and also as there is a need to protect and improve the natural environment it became a moral obligation on the part of the government to ensure the protection of the environment. Also, it is one of the fundamental duties which is given in our constitution which makes a moral obligation on the part of the citizens as well to ensure the protection of the environment. The Supreme Court held that it is the duty of the Central Government to direct all the educational institutions of our country to teach and train citizens about the protection and improvement of the environment for at least one hour a week.

Further Supreme Court held that the Central Government needs to get the textbook written for the same purpose. These textbooks would be further distributed among all educational institutions of our country. There should be training for teachers who are going to give such educational teaching to children. 

Fundamental Duties: An Aid to the interpretation of Constitutional provisions

By reading all the Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties together we can make a clear understanding that there is a direct relationship between the Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties. They are connected in some or other way. It often becomes difficult for one to relate to them. But if we read it together the task becomes much easier. For example, Article 21(A) is similar to Article 51 A (k) . Both of these articles talk about the education of the child between 6- 14 years. While Article 21(A) put the obligation on the state to see that no one is deprived of the Right to Education on the other hand Article 51 A (k) makes the duty of the citizen to make sure that no children are deprived of going to school. Thus here ultimate aim of the constitutional provision under Article 21(A) of providing education to children is achieved by this Fundamental Duty (Article 51A (k)). Thus here by this illustration, we can clearly understand that Fundamental Duties helps in the interpretation of any constitutional provision.

We can’t deny the importance of Fundamental Duties simply as they are not enforceable in a Court of Law. Take Another instance, Article 21 which talks about the “Right to Life and Personal Liberty” is achieved by Article 51A (g) which is a Fundamental Duty. Right to Life and Personal Liberty include the Right to a Healthy Environment. It is (Article 21) explained by the Supreme Court in a positive way and the Supreme Court regarded that “Right to Life” means “Right to Clean Environment”. Also talking about Article 51 A(g), it makes the duty of the citizen to protect and improve the natural environment. Thus here also we can see that the right of the citizen to get a healthy environment is ultimately achieved by making it the Fundamental Duty of the citizen to protect it.

AIIMS Students Union v. AIIMS, AIR 2001 SC 3262

In the case of AIIMS Student Union v. AIIMS , there was a test of merit (based on marks) over reservation in the admission process for postgraduate medical courses of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences.

In this case, three meritorious students went to Delhi High Court by filing a writ petition for the purpose of getting admission in the prestigious institute of medical science. Here there was a reservation of 33% of seats to those who have graduated from this institute itself. The issue raised was whether AIIMS has the right to give such a reservation to the students. Here the Supreme Court found it unreasonable to reserve a seat for the college student itself and quash such acts of the AIIMS as it was against the constitution.

Here the Supreme Court clearly held that though the Fundamental Duties though may not be enforceable by a writ of the Court they provide a valuable guide in the interpretation of the constitutional provision. Here, in this case, the State (which includes citizens of our country failed) to take care of fundamental duty i.e. to strive towards excellence of individuals and collective activity in order for the betterment of the nation. The Fundamental Duties do not expressly cast any duty on the State, the duty of each individual became the collective duty of the State.

Aruna Roy v. Union of India, AIR 2002 SC 3176

In the very famous case of Aruna Roy v. Union of India PIL was filed in the Supreme Court. It has been contended that the National Curriculum Framework for School Education (NCFSE) which was published by NCERT is against the constitutional mandate, anti-secular and without consultation with Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE) and therefore it needed to be quashed. The implementation of NCFSE was challenged as it did not get the approval of CABE.  Also, NCFSE was found to be against the constitution as it violated the basic principle of secularism.

However, the petition was canceled as the Supreme Court did not find any reason to cancel the framework (NCFSE). What is given in our constitution is that students should be taught that every religion is common/ equal? Further Article 51A (e) clearly explains this condition. According to this fundamental duty, it is the duty of the citizen to promote harmony and brotherhood among the people of a different religion. And in order to achieve these universal values like truth, right conduct, love, and peace should be the base of education. 

The state of Gujarat v. Mirzapur Moti Kureshi Kassab Jamat, AIR 2006 SC 212

Nowadays one of the most rising issues which are often in the news is about the cow slaughtering. The case of the State of Gujarat v Mirzapur Moti Kureshi Kassab Jamat clearly explains all the aspects of cow slaughtering. The petition was filed challenging the amendments made in the Bombay Animal Preservation and that amendment was applicable to the state of Gujarat. The amendment puts a complete ban on the slaughter of bulls and bullocks. The petition challenged that as the cows and bullocks above 16 years do not possess any economical benefit so they can be slaughtered by those who are willing to do it.

However, the Apex Court held that the economy of Gujarat is still dependent on agriculture. In agriculture processes, these animals are of great importance. It, therefore, becomes important for the preservation and protection of these animals. They can be used for the purpose of creating biogas after they have become old.

The Supreme Court also held that the amendments do not violate Article 14 and Article 19 of our Constitution as this amendment put a reasonable restriction on these rights of the citizen.

Also, the Supreme Court held that according to Article 51 A (g) which puts a duty on the citizen to protect and improve the environment and here environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife. So the court held that according to this Article of our constitution the state can make laws for the protection of the environment. This Article helps in the interpretation of Article 21 of our constitution according to which as mentioned earlier in this article talks about the Right to Clean Environment.

Government of India v. George Philip, AIR 2007 SC 705

In this very famous case of Government of India v. George Philip , the purpose of compulsory retirement was challenged by the respondent. The respondent who was working in BARC was granted two years left at the starting of his service by the department. It was given to him to carry out advanced research training. After many reminders, the petitioner overstayed in the foreign and an inquiry was constituted for the same purpose and charge against him was proven. He was allowed (decision of the High Court) to join his service but no wages were decided to be given to him for those days which he was not able to attend the service. But the Supreme Court overruled this decision of the High Court. The reasoning given by the Supreme Court behind its decision was that the earlier decision i.e. the decision of the High Court was against Article 51A(j) .

Article 51A(j) clearly says that it is the duty of one to always strive towards excellence in all spheres of life of an individual and it also talks about the collective activity so that the nation keeps rising higher in an endeavor and this can not be achieved until the employees maintain the discipline.

At last, we can conclude that in this article we have come to know about every aspect of Fundamental Duties and by reading every aspect of it we can clearly understand the need and importance of Fundamental Duty. It was added in our constitution as our government realized that a civil society (discussed earlier in this article) can not be made by the state only. The citizens of our country need to play a vital role in achieving the basic aim of our constitution. They can do this by following their duties towards the nation as mentioned in Article 51A of our Constitution.

Also one can not ask for a right if one is not doing the duty assigned to them.

• SCC Online.
• D.D. Basu -” Constitution of India”
• https://kjablr.kar.nic.in/sites/kjablr.kar.nic.in/files/05.%20Fundamental%20Duties.pdf

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Largest Compilation of Structured Essays and Exams

Article on Fundamental Duties of India | Essay | PDF | Importance

December 22, 2017 by Study Mentor Leave a Comment

The Directive Principles of State, Fundamental Rights, and Fundamental Duties are certain sections our Constitution which explains the fundamental obligations among our State in order to motivate its citizens towards the duties of every citizen of that State.

These sections comprise bill of rights of our constitution for policy making and conduct of citizens. These sections have highest importance in our constitution, which was formed in earlier 1947 and 1949 by our Constituent Assemble.

The fundamental duties were amended in 42 nd Amendment Act in 1976 for the citizens of India.

Fundamental rights are the basic necessities for the citizen so that he can enjoy the independence by using fundamental rights as mentioned in Articles under the heading of Constitution of India.

Table of Contents

Fundamental duties were meant to respect Indian national symbols, to respect its heritage and history, Constitution of India and provide assistance in its defense.

It was aimed to enlighten all citizens of India towards equality among all individuals, protect the public property and our surroundings and environment.

Our family is whole country and its citizens; it’s our prior duty to respect other people caste, religion, and creed. It motivates us to maintain scientific temper and to renounce violence. It moves towards excellence and to provide compulsory and free education to all citizens of India .

Fundamental Duties

These are meant to act as the moral obligations for all citizens in order to motivate one and all towards the spirit of patriotism and to maintain country’s unity.

These duties are mentioned in Part IV-A of our Constitution which concerns individuals and the whole nation. Like Directive Policies; they are not meant to enforce by Indian law.

Certain fundamental duties are as follows

• To respect the constitution and follow its institutions and ideals, the national anthem and the national flag.
• To follow and cherish the noble ideas which motivates us towards our integrity for struggle of freedom.
• To protect and uphold the unity, sovereignty and integrity of India.
• To protect the country from outside and inside attacks which destroys citizens of India mentally and physically; render national service when there is need to do so.
• To promote the spirit and harmony of common brotherhood towards all the citizens of India irrespective of linguistic, religion and regional or diversities created by different sections; to promote the dignity of women which is very important for a country like India.
• To preserve and value the rich heritage of our cultures which is composite of different sectors of society.
• To improve and protect the natural resources provided in our environment including lakes, forests, wild life and rivers and to have compassion towards living creators.
• To develop the humanism, scientific temper and the spirit of reform and inquiry.
• To stop the violence and safeguard our own public property.
• To motivate one and all towards the excellence in all spheres of collective and individual activities in order to gain more higher levels of achievement and endeavor continuously.

These are the ten fundamental duties which were written in Article 51-A of our constitution. New fundamental duty i.e. 11th was included in the 86th amendment of our constitution in 2002.

It has been stated that every citizen who is either a parent or guardian, shall provide best opportunities of education to their child or ward who are in the age bracket of six  and fourteen years. Basically, citizens of India are motivated by our constitution to fulfill these duties.

Relationship between Directive principles, Fundamental Rights and Fundamental rights

The Directive Principles are meant to uphold the dignity of Constitutional validity in case of a misunderstanding among the Fundamental Rights.

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Essay on Constitution of India

500+ words indian constitution essay for students and children in english.

A Constitution is a set of rules and regulations guiding the administration of a country. The Constitution is the backbone of every democratic and secular fabric of the nation. The Constitution of India is the longest Constitution in the world, which describes the framework for political principles, procedures and powers of the government. The Constitution of India was written on 26 November 1949 and came into force on 26 January 1950. In this essay on the Constitution of India, students will get to know the salient features of India’s Constitution and how it was formed.

Constitution of India Essay

On 26th January 1950, the Constitution of India came into effect. That’s why 26th January is celebrated as Republic Day in India.

How Was the Constitution of India Formed?

The representatives of the Indian people framed the Indian Constitution after a long period of debates and discussions. It is the most detailed Constitution in the world. No other Constitution has gone into such minute details as the Indian Constitution.

The Constitution of India was framed by a Constituent Assembly which was established in 1946. Dr Rajendra Prasad was elected President of the Constituent Assembly. A Drafting Committee was appointed to draft the Constitution and Dr B.R. Ambedkar was appointed as the Chairman. The making of the Constitution took a total of 166 days, which was spread over a period of 2 years, 11 months and 18 days. Some of the salient features of the British, Irish, Swiss, French, Canadian and American Constitutions were incorporated while designing the Indian Constitution.

Also Read: Evolution and Framing of the Constitution

Features of The Constitution of India

The Constitution of India begins with a Preamble which contains the basic ideals and principles of the Constitution. It lays down the objectives of the Constitution.

The Longest Constitution in the world

The Indian Constitution is the lengthiest Constitution in the world. It had 395 articles in 22 parts and 8 schedules at the time of commencement. Now it has 448 articles in 25 parts and 12 schedules. There are 104 amendments (took place on 25th January 2020 to extend the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha and state assemblies) that have been made in the Indian Constitution so far.

How Rigid and Flexible is the Indian Constitution?

One of the unique features of our Constitution is that it is not as rigid as the American Constitution or as flexible as the British Constitution. It means it is partly rigid and partly flexible. Owing to this, it can easily change and grow with the change of times.

The Preamble

The Preamble has been added later to the Constitution of India. The original Constitution does not have a preamble. The preamble states that India is a sovereign, socialist, secular and democratic republic. The objectives stated by the Preamble are to secure justice, liberty, and equality for all citizens and promote fraternity to maintain the unity and integrity of the nation.

Federal System with Unitary Features

The powers of the government are divided between the central government and the state governments. The Constitution divides the powers of three state organs, i.e., executive, judiciary and legislature. Hence, the Indian Constitution supports a federal system. It includes many unitary features such as a strong central power, emergency provisions, appointment of Governors by the President, etc.

Fundamental rights and fundamental duties

The Indian Constitution provides an elaborate list of Fundamental Rights to the citizens of India. The Constitution also provides a list of 11 duties of the citizens, known as the Fundamental Duties. Some of these duties include respect for the national flag and national anthem, integrity and unity of the country and safeguarding of public property.

Also Read: Difference between Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties

India is a republic which means that a dictator or monarch does not rule the country. The government is of the people, by the people and for the people. Citizens nominate and elect its head after every five years.

Related Read: Constitution of India – 13 Major Features

The Constitution serves as guidelines for every citizen. It helped India to attain the status of a Republic in the world. Once Atal Bihari Vajpayee said that “governments would come and go, political parties would be formed and dissolved, but the country should survive, and democracy should remain there forever”.

We hope that this essay on the “Constitution of India” must have helped students. For the latest updates on ICSE/CBSE/State Board/Competitive Exams, stay tuned to BYJU’S. Also, download the BYJU’S App for watching interesting study videos.

Also Read: Independence Day Essay | Republic Day Essay | Essay on Women Empowerment

Frequently Asked Questions on Constitution of India Essay

Who is the father of our indian constitution.

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar is the father of our Indian Constitution. He framed and drafted our Constitution.

Who signed the Indian Constitution?

Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the first person from the Constitution Assembly to have signed the Indian Constitution.

What is mentioned in the Preamble of our Indian Constitution?

The preamble clearly communicates the purpose and emphasis the importance of the objectives of the Indian Constitution.

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Paragraph on Fundamental Duties in India

Fundamental Duties in Indian constitutions can be understood as a way to proclaim the fundamental rights. It is our duty to take care of everything including national, social and natural things. These duties are under directive principles of the state and are supposed to be followed by every citizen of India.

However, failing to follow won’t cause any legal damage but it must be the moral value of every citizen to understand their duty. Here, there are some paragraphs which will tell about fundamental duties of India.

Short and Long Paragraphs on Fundamental Duties in India in English

Paragraph 1 – 100 words (what are fundamental duties).

Indian citizens have moral duties that entail encouraging patriotic spirit, integrity, and unity throughout the country. According to Article 51A in Part 4A of the Constitution, there are 11 Fundamental Duties for every Indian citizen. The fundamental duties of our country shall therefore be respected by every citizen of India. As Indian citizens, it is our duty to contribute for the welfare of the country through all our activities.

The Constituent Assembly of India developed these sections between 1947 and 1949. They are considered essential to the constitution. Additionally, all citizens have an obligation to respect the heritage, preserve the culture and assist in defending the national symbols of India.

Paragraph 2 – 120 Words (Fundamental Duties in India)

The fundamental duties are mentioned in the part IV A of the Constitution under Article 51A they ask-

• To uphold the Indian Constitution and respect the national anthem and flag.
• A noble idea that glorifies and obeys the freedom struggle.
• Defend India’s integrity, sovereignty, and unity.
• When the country deems it necessary, defend it and fulfill its national duties.
• Renounce all offenses against women and cultivate a spirit of harmony.
• To cherish our integrated culture by the richness of our national heritage.
• To protect and improve lakes, lakes, etc.
• Embrace humanism, science, and the research spirit.
• The public good needs to be protected.
• All activities should be performed at the highest level.
• Education for children 6-14 and older is provided.

Paragraph 3 – 150 Words (Historical Background of Fundamental Duties of India)

Based on recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee, our constitution was revised, adding the 42nd Amendment in 1976. The 86th Amendment made the number of fundamental duties 11 in 2002, rising from 10 by the original amendment. The 11th duty mandates that over 6 years but under 14 years of age children have access to education. They are derived from the Constitution of Japan. Constitution of the Soviet Union (Russia) outlines these duties.

The expansion of principal obligations in our constitution has carried our constitution lined up with the Article 29(1) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and with different arrangements of the cutting edge constitution of different nations. It was passed during the Emergency period that led to the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976. At that time, Indira Gandhi led the Indian National Congress which approved this amendment. In the debate over this amendment, there was considerable controversy. In this amendment act, different dates were specified for bringing into effect the provisions.

Paragraph 4 – 200 Words (Fundamental Duties and Us)

Although we are all aware of our rights, have we ever considered that as good citizens, we ought to think about other things besides rights. Apart from the rights, we can think about our duty which will take us towards the proper upliftment of India. If we are not even aware of our duties, then do we deserve to be called a good citizen?

By fulfilling our rights and fulfilling our duties, we fulfill our duty to our country. We should perform our duties towards our country very well if we wish to give new heights to our country. Performance of duties leads to the development of discipline which is vital for the advancement of any individual or country.

Importance of Fundamental Duties

Civic consciousness is expected to naturally develop over time, leading to citizens gradually becoming accustomed to performing these duties. Citizens should be expected to perform these duties as their highest duty. Although their duties were included in the constitution as directive principles and as fundamental rights, when the Constitution of India was passed, civil rights were not included.

Indian tradition, myths, religion, and rituals have always been characterized by the sense of duty. Citizens are advised not to participate in anti-national and anti-social activities. Providing inspiration & promoting discipline, commitment, and responsibility among citizens are their top priorities. Courts use them to examine and determine whether laws are constitutionally valid.

Paragraph 5 – 250 Words (Criticism and Cases related to fundamental duties of India)

Criticisms of the Code have described them as moral precepts because their non-justiciable nature makes them inapplicable to the courts. They were deemed unnecessary by critics. This is because the duties included within the Constitution as fundamental would be performed by the people albeit they weren’t incorporated into the Constitution.

A portion of the obligations are obscure, questionable and hard to be perceived by the average person. The rundown of obligations isn’t thorough as it doesn’t cover other significant obligations like making choice, settling charges, family arranging, etc. Indeed, the requirement to pay charges was suggested by the Swaran Singh Committee.

Cases related to Fundamental Duties

The pundits said that the consideration of central obligations as a limb to Part IV of the Constitution has decreased their worth and importance. They need to add stern III to stay them like Fundamental Rights.

In AIIMS Students Union v. AIIMS 2001 it was held by the Supreme Court that major obligations are similarly significant like central rights. However major obligations are not enforceable like central rights but rather it can’t be neglected as obligations in Part IV An is prefixed by a similar word basic which was prefixed by the initial architects of the Constitution to ‘right’ in Part III.

Since days of yore the accentuation in Indian culture as per the direct of the antiquated sacred texts has been on the person’s kartavya, this is execution of one’s obligations towards society, the nation and particularly towards one’s folks. The Gita and the Ramayana urge individuals to play out their obligations without really focusing on their privileges.

FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions

Ans . Japan was the first country to implement the fundamental duty.

Ans . Yes, we should perform our fundamental duties.

Ans. There are 11 fundamental duties in the Indian constitution.

Ans. Fundamental duty comes under article 51-A.

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Essay on Fundamental Rights And Duties

Students are often asked to write an essay on Fundamental Rights And Duties in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Fundamental Rights And Duties

What are fundamental rights.

Fundamental rights are the basic freedoms and protections everyone has just for being human. These rights are written in laws to make sure people are treated fairly and can live in freedom. They include the right to speak freely, follow any religion, and be treated equally no matter what.

Our Fundamental Duties

Along with rights, we have duties too. These are things we should do to help our country and the people in it. Our duties include respecting the flag, protecting public property, and being kind to others. Doing our duties helps everyone live better together.

Why Rights and Duties Matter

Rights and duties are like two sides of a coin. Rights keep us safe and free, while duties remind us to give back and care for our nation. When we respect both, we create a happy and peaceful place for everyone to live.

250 Words Essay on Fundamental Rights And Duties

Understanding fundamental rights.

Fundamental rights are the basic freedoms and protections that every person has. These rights are often written into the laws of a country to make sure that all citizens can live freely and safely. For example, the right to speak your mind, the right to follow any religion, and the right to be treated equally are all fundamental rights. These rights are important because they allow people to express themselves, make their own choices, and live without fear of being treated unfairly.

Balance Between Rights and Duties

Having rights comes with the need to respect the rights of others. This means that while we have the freedom to speak, we should not use our words to hurt others. Our duties help remind us that our actions can affect other people. When we balance our rights and duties, we create a society where people feel safe and respected.

In conclusion, fundamental rights are the freedoms we all have, and duties are the responsibilities we carry to maintain a harmonious society. Both are equally important. When we understand and practice both, we help build a better world where everyone is treated fairly and can live happily.

500 Words Essay on Fundamental Rights And Duties

Fundamental rights are the basic human rights that every person has just because they are alive. These rights are protected by the law so that everyone can live freely, be treated fairly, and have the chance to follow their dreams. In many countries, these rights are written down in a very important document called a constitution. This document tells the government what it can and cannot do, and makes sure that no one’s basic rights are taken away.

For example, we have the right to speak our minds, follow any religion we choose, and get together with others peacefully. These rights allow us to share our ideas, practice our beliefs, and join clubs or groups. We also have the right to be treated the same as everyone else, no matter what our skin color, gender, or where we come from. This means that everyone gets an equal chance to succeed and be happy.

Our Rights at Work and School

In places like work and school, our fundamental rights are also very important. They make sure that we are not treated badly or unfairly. At work, these rights help protect us from being forced to work too much or in bad conditions. They also make sure that we get paid fairly for the work we do. In school, these rights mean that every student gets the chance to learn and grow without being picked on or left out.

Protection of Rights

Our duties and responsibilities.

Just like we have rights, we also have duties. These are things we should do to help our community and country. We should follow the laws, respect others, and help take care of our environment. By doing our duties, we make sure that not only do we get to enjoy our rights, but others can too.

For instance, when we follow traffic rules, we help keep the roads safe for everyone. When we throw trash in the bin, we keep our parks and streets clean. And when we treat others with kindness, we make our schools and neighborhoods friendly places to be.

In conclusion, fundamental rights are the strong roots that hold up the tree of freedom, and duties are like the branches that support the tree to grow straight and tall. When we understand and live by our rights and duties, we help build a world that is fair and happy for everyone. This is something that both children and adults must work on every day, so that we can all enjoy a life full of respect, peace, and opportunity.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

Happy studying!

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Make Your Note

Enforcing Fundamental Duties

• 22 Feb 2022
• GS Paper - 2
• Indian Constitution

For Prelims: Fundamental Duties

For Mains: Significance of Fundamental Duties, Swaran Singh Committee, Enforcing Fundamental Duties.

Why in News?

Recently, the Supreme Court issued a notice to the Centre and states to respond to a petition to enforce the Fundamental Duties of citizens , including patriotism and unity of the nation, through comprehensive, well-defined laws.

• Fundamental Duties are specified under Article 51A (Part IVA) of the Constitution, they strive to uphold the country’s ideals and contribute to its growth and betterment.

What are Fundamental Duties?

• The idea of Fundamental Duties is inspired by the Constitution of Russia (erstwhile Soviet Union).
• These were incorporated in Part IV-A of the Constitution by the 42 nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee.
• Originally 10 in number, one more duty was added through the 86 th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002.
• Like the Directive Principles of State Policy, the Fundamental duties are also non-justiciable in nature.
• To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem,
• To cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the national struggle for freedom,
• To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India,
• To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so,
• To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities and to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women,
• To value and preserve the rich heritage of the country’s composite culture,
• To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures,
• To develop scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform,
• To safeguard public property and to abjure violence,
• To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement, and
• To provide opportunities for education to his child or ward between the age of six and fourteen years (added by the 86 th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002).

What is the Significance of Fundamental Duties?

• The Fundamental Duties are intended to serve as a constant reminder to every citizen that while the Constitution specifically conferred on them certain fundamental rights , it also requires citizens to observe basic norms of democratic conduct and democratic behaviour.
• These serve as a warning to the people against the anti-social activities that disrespect the nation like burning the flag, destroying the public property or disturbing public peace.
• These help in the promotion of a sense of discipline and commitment towards the nation. They help in realising national goals by the active participation of citizens rather than mere spectators.
• It helps the Court in determining the constitutionality of the law. For instance, any law passed by the legislatures, when taken to Court for constitutional validity of the law, if it is giving force to any Fundamental Duty, then such law would be taken as reasonable.

What is the Need to Legally Enforce Fundamental Duties?

• This is the performance of one’s duties towards society, the country and especially towards one’s parents.
• The Gita and the Ramayana enjoin people to perform their duties without caring for their rights.
• There is a pressing need to enforce and implement at least some of the fundamental duties.
• For instance, to uphold and protect sovereignty, unity and integrity of India, to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so and to disseminate a sense of nationalism and to promote the spirit of patriotism to uphold the unity of India.
• These fundamental duties assume significance after the emergence of China as a superpower.
• No person can disrespect the National flag, Constitution of India and the National Anthem under the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971.
• The Protection of Civil Rights Act (1955) provided for punishments in case of any offence related to caste and religion.
• For example, the need to enforce fundamental duties arises due to the new illegal trend of protest by protestors in the garb of freedom of speech and expression.

What is the Supreme Court’s Stand on Fundamental Duties?

• The Supreme Court’s Ranganath Mishra judgment 2003 held that fundamental duties should not only be enforced by legal sanctions but also by social sanctions.
• Though fundamental duties are not enforceable like fundamental rights they cannot be overlooked as duties in Part IV A.
• They are prefixed by the same word fundamental which was prefixed by the founding fathers of the Constitution to ‘right’ in Part III.

Way Forward

• There is a need for a uniform policy for the “proper sensitisation, full operationalisation and enforceability” of fundamental duties which would “substantially help citizens to be responsible”.

Fundamental Duties Of Indian Citizen

Fundamental duties of a citizen of india :.

The following are the Fundamental Duties prescribed by the  "Constitution of the nation"  under PART [IV-A] to its every citizen :

1)To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem.

2)To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom.

3)To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.

4)To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.

5)To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.

6)To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.

7)To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures.

8)To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.

9)To safeguard public property and to abjure violence.

10)To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement.

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Essay on Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens for Students

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India is a democratic country where its citizens live freely however they have lots of rights and responsibilities towards their country. Rights and responsibilities are two sides of a coin and both go side to side. If we have rights we must have their corresponding responsibilities too. Rights and responsibilities go hand in hand with us where we live in whatever home, society, village, state, or country. Now-a-days, students gets assigned by their teachers to write some paragraphs or complete essay on any topic to enhance their English writing skill and knowledge as well as spread awareness. Following are some paragraphs, short essays and long essays on Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens to help students in completing their related task. All the Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens essay are written very simply. So, you can select any essay according to your need and requirement:

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Long and Short Essay on Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens in English

Rights and responsibilities of citizens essay 1 (100 words).

Citizen is the person who lives as an inhabitant in any village or city of the state and country. We all are citizen of our country and have various rights and responsibilities towards our village, city, society, state and country. Rights and duties of each citizen are very valuable and inter-related. Every state or country provides its citizens some fundamental civil rights such as personal rights, religious rights, social rights, moral rights, economic rights and political rights. As a citizen of the country we are morally and legally required to complete our duties always together. We should love and respect each other and live together without any difference. We are expected to sacrifice time to time in order to protect our country.

Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens Essay 2 (150 words)

Citizens living in the country must know their rights and responsibilities. Understanding all the rules and regulation presented by the government may help every citizen in completing their responsibilities towards country. We must understand our rights for our own well being and freedom in the country as well as serve for the communities and country. The constitution of India (called as supreme law of India) came into force in 1950 on 26 January which has given democratic rights to the Indian citizen. According to the Indian constitution, people of India have various rights and responsibilities.

There are around six fundamental rights of the Indian citizens without which no one can live in the democratic manner. Means, democracy in the country can work only if its citizens have rights. Such rights prevent the government from being dictatorial and cruel. Fundamental rights help people in their moral, material and personality development. In case of rights violations of someone, courts can protect and safeguard them. There are some fundamental responsibilities too for the peace and prosperity of the country.

Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens Essay 3 (200 words)

Fundamental rights of the Indian citizens are given to them for the basic and essential conditions of good life for their progress. Without such rights no Indian citizen can develop his/her personality and confidence. These fundamental rights are preserved in the Indian Constitution. Fundamental rights are protected and guaranteed to the citizens by supreme law while ordinary rights by the ordinary law. Fundamental rights of the citizens are not violable in ordinary situation however in some reasonable circumstances they can be suspended but temporarily.

Six fundamental rights according to the Indian constitution are Right to Equality (Article 14 – Article 18), Right to Religion (Articles 25 – Article 28), Right against Exploitation (Articles 23 – Article 24), Right to Culture and Education (Articles 29 – Article 30), Right to Freedom (Articles 19 – Article 22), and Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32). Citizens enjoy their fundamental rights living anywhere in the country. He/she can go to the court for legal assistance in case his/her rights are violated by force. There are various responsibilities too of the good citizens which everyone must follow in order to improve surroundings and get inner peace. Fulfilling responsibilities towards country gives sense of ownership for the country. Being a good citizen of the country, we should not waste electricity, water, natural resources, public property, etc. We should follow all the rules and laws as well as pay tax timely.

Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens Essay 4 (250 words)

Fundamental rights given to the Indian citizens are essential part of the Constitution. Such fundamental rights can be altered by the Parliament using special procedure. No person other than Indian citizen is allowed to enjoy such rights except right to liberty, life, and personal property. Other fundamental rights except right to life and personal liberty can be suspended during time of emergency. If any citizen found his/her rights violated can go to the court (Supreme Court and High Court) for enforcement. Some fundamental rights are positive or negative in nature and always become superior to the ordinary laws. Some fundamental rights like freedom of speech, assembly, cultural right and educational rights are limited to citizens only.

There were no fundamental duties preserved in the Constitution of India when it came into force in 1950. However, ten fundamental duties (covered by Article 51 A) were added in the 42 nd Amendment of the Constitution of India in 1976. Following are the fundamental responsibilities of the Indian citizens:

• Indian citizen must respect their National Flag and the National Anthem.
• They must respect, value and follow all the noble ideals used in the national struggle for freedom.
• They must to protect the power, unity and integrity of the country.
• They guard the country and maintain the spirit of common brotherhood.
• They must protect and preserve the cultural heritage sites.
• They must protect, preserve and improve the natural environment.
• They must safeguard the public property.
• They should develop scientific temper and spirit of inquiry.
• They must work hard to get excellence in every area of individual and collective activity.

Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens Essay 5 (300 words)

Fundamental duties of the Indian citizens are mentioned in the 42nd Amendment of the Constitution of India in 1976. All the responsibilities are very important and necessary for the vital interest of country. They can be civic duties or moral duties which cannot be enforced legally upon the citizens even by the courts. One cannot be punished if he/she is not performing his/her duties as there is no legal force governing these duties. Fundamental duties (right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights and right to constitutional remedies) are the integral part of Constitution of India having moral impact and educative value upon the Indian citizens. Inclusion of such responsibilities to the Constitution is important for the progress, peace and prosperity of the country.

Some of the fundamental responsibilities mentioned in the Constitution of India are like respect to the National Flag, the National Anthem, citizens must defend their country, commit to provide National service whenever required, safeguard the public property, etc. Such rights and responsibilities are very important for National interest of the country however not forcefully enforced to the people. In order to completely enjoy the rights, people must perform their responsibilities towards country in a well manner as rights and responsibilities are related to each other. As we get rights our responsibilities increases too towards individual and social welfare. Both are not separable and vital regarding prosperity of country.

As a good citizen of the country, we need to know and learn our all the rights and duties for the welfare of our society and country. We need to understand that all of us are responsible for good or bad condition of the society. We need to change our thinking into action to bring some positive effect in our society and country. If the individual action performed by a person can change the life; why not, our collaborative actions have positive effects over the society and country. So, the duties of citizens matters a lot for the prosperity and peace of society and entire country.

Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens Essay 6 (400 words)

As we are a social animal, we have lots of responsibilities for the development as well as bring prosperity and peace in the society and country. In order to fulfill our responsibilities we have given some rights by the Constitution of India. Rights are very necessary given to the citizens for their individual development and improve the social life. Democratic system of the country is completely based on the freedom of its citizens to enjoy their rights. Rights given by our Constitution are called as Fundamental Rights which cannot be taken back from us in normal times. Our Constitution gives us six rights such as:

• Right to Freedom: It is very important fundamental right which makes people able to express their thoughts and ideas through speech, writing or other means. According to this right, a person is free to cherish, criticize or speak against the governmental policies. He/she is free to carry on any business in any corner of the country.
• Right to Freedom of Religion: There are many states in the country where people of various religions live together. Each one of us is free to practice, propagate and follow any religion we like. No one has right to interfere with the faith of anybody.
• Right to Equality: Citizens living in India are equal and have no any difference and discrimination between rich and poor or high and low. A person of any religion, caste, creed, sex or place can get the highest position in office for which he/she has ability and required qualifications
• Right to Education and Culture: Every child has right to education and he/she can get education in any institution up to any level.
• Right against Exploitation: No one has right to force anybody to work without wages or against his/her wish or children below 14 years of age.
• Right to Constitutional Remedies: It is the most important one which protects all the fundamental rights. If someone feels that his/her rights are being harmed in any condition he/she can approach to the court seeking justice.

As we know that both, duties and rights go side by side. Our rights are meaningless without duties thus both are inseparable. We do not have right to get benefited with rights if we do not follow our duties properly for the smooth running of country. As being the citizen of the country, our responsibilities and duties are:

• We must respect the National Flag and National Anthem.
• We should respect and obey the laws of our country.
• We should enjoy rights and freedom under the limit without interfering with freedom and rights of others.
• We should be ready to protect our country whenever required.
• We should respect and protect national property and public property (such as railways, post-offices, bridges, roadways, schools, colleges, historical buildings, places, forests, etc).
• We should pay our taxes with honesty in timely manner.

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