loop the loop physics experiment

Loop the Loop

The loop the loop is an example of conservation of energy. The three types of energy that we will be considering are: Work, Potential Energy, and Kinetic Energy.

Work (W) is the energy given to the object by applying a force over a distance.
Potential energy (PE) is the energy the object has due to its position.
Kinetic energy (KE)is the energy the object has due to its motion.

Conservation of energy states that the total energy of a system remains constant, though it can change forms. There are two lines on the track for the Loop the Loop, one at a height h (which is twice the radius, r, of the loop) and the other at the larger height H.

What to do:

Put the ball on the track at a height h above the table (lower line on the track).
Release the ball.

What happens when you release the ball at the lower line? Answer: The ball doesn’t make it around the loop.

What do you THINK will happen when you release the ball at the upper line?

Let’s Try Again And Find Out!

Now put the ball on the track at a height H above the table (upper line on the track).

What happens when you release the ball at the upper line?

Answer: The ball makes it around the loop this time!

What happens when you release the ball at other places on the track?

Answer: The ball only makes it around the loop when it is at height H or higher.

What is going on?

You are doing work (W) by raising the ball from the table. Since the ball is at a greater height, it now has an initial potential energy (PEinital) equal to the work you have done. The higher the starting height you give the ball, the greater initial potential energy it has. Whatever PEinital you give to the ball will be the total energy the ball has to travel down the track and around the loop since energy cannot be created or destroyed within the system (conservation of energy)! When you release the ball, it begins to fall down the track acquiring a speed, v. The ball’s potential energy (PE) is being converted into an equal amount of kinetic energy (KE)! At the bottom of the loop, all of the ball’s energy is now kinetic energy.

What happens to the energy after the ball reaches the bottom of the loop?

As the ball starts up the side of the loop, the kinetic energy is being converted back into potential energy, so its kinetic energy and its speed decrease. We know from conservation of energy that the work you have done initially in raising the ball equals the initial potential energy which equals the sum of the kinetic and potential energies at any point on the track.

W= PEinital = PE + KE

When the ball reaches height h at the top of the loop, it needs to still have enough kinetic energy to keep it moving around the loop without falling off.

KEtop= PEinital -PEtop

When we star the ball below height H, the initial potential energy is close to equal the potential energy at the top of the loop, so there is not enough kinetic energy left to keep the ball on the track.

The amount of KEtop needed to keep the ball on the track is equal to the work done by the centripetal force to keep it in the loop. This is the force (Fc=mv2/r) needed to keep a mass in a circular motion. The ball will have enough KEtop when it starts above a height H=2.5r, neglecting friction that is. Friction is the energy lost as the ball rolls. This is manly the sound the ball makes as it rolls along the track.

Physics Lecture Demonstration Database

Loop the Loop, 1M40.20

November 14, 2019

Make a Marble Roller Coaster

A physics project from Science Buddies

By Science Buddies & Ben Finio

Loop-the-loop with a little physics! Build a miniature roller coaster, and see if you can get marbles to go the distance--and upside-down!

George Retseck

Key Concepts Physics Gravity Potential energy Kinetic energy Friction Conservation of energy

Introduction

How much energy does a roller coaster need to go through a loop without getting stuck? Build your own marble roller coaster in this project and find out!

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Roller coasters rely on two types of energy to operate: gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy. Gravitational potential energy is the energy an object has stored because of its mass and its height off the ground. Kinetic energy is the energy an object has because of its mass and its velocity.

When a roller-coaster car reaches the very top of its first big hill it has a lot of potential energy because it is very high off the ground. It moves over the top of the hill very slowly, so it has almost no kinetic energy. Then it drops down the other side of the hill and starts going very fast as its height rapidly decreases. The potential energy is converted to kinetic energy. This process repeats as the car goes through hills, loops, twists and turns. Whenever it goes up it gains more potential energy with height but loses kinetic energy as it slows down. Energy is never created or destroyed—it just converts from one form to another. This principle is known as conservation of energy.

We know from experience, however, that a roller coaster doesn't keep going forever. Eventually it slows down because of friction (a combination of air resistance and contact with the track). If energy isn't created or destroyed, where does that energy go? It is converted into heat. This is why you can rub your hands together to warm them up—friction converts energy from your moving hands into heat!

Does conservation of energy restrict a roller coaster's movement? For example, can a roller coaster ever go through a loop that is taller than its initial hill? Try this project to find out!

Foam pipe insulation (1.5 inches in diameter, at least 6 feet in length—or more if you would like to eventually add more features to your roller coaster)

At least one glass marble (or other small heavy ball that will roll easily through the foam insulation, such as a metal ball bearing)

Masking tape

Utility knife

Table or chair

Adult helper

Preparation

Ask an adult to use the utility knife to cut the pipe insulation in half lengthwise, forming two U-shaped channels.

Curl one end of a piece of pipe insulation into a loop, roughly 1 foot in diameter.

Use masking tape to hold the loop in place and tape it to the floor on both sides of the loop. Make sure tape is not blocking the inside of the channel (it's okay to have tape on the inside, just make sure it is pressed flat against the foam and will not block the marble).

Tape the free end of the pipe insulation to a table or chair, forming a large hill leading down to the loop.

Place your marble a few inches from the bottom of the hill and release it. Does the marble make it through the loop?

Move your marble a few inches up the track and release it again. Keep repeating this process until the marble goes the whole way through the loop. How high does the starting position need to be before the marble goes through the loop? Is it lower, the same height or higher than the top of the loop?

If you need to make your hill higher, tape the two pieces of pipe insulation together end-to-end, and keep trying from greater heights.

Can you describe how energy is changing throughout your marble's journey down the "coaster"?

Extra: Add other features to your roller coaster, such as twists, turns and spirals. How high does the hill need to be for the marble to make it through all the features without stopping?

Extra: Watch your marble closely and observe its velocity. Where is the marble going the fastest? Where is it going the slowest?

Extra: Add a straight piece of track to the end of your roller coaster at the bottom of the loop. How far does the marble roll before friction brings it to a stop?

Observations and Results

You should have found that the marble had to start higher than the top of the loop in order to make it the whole way through the loop. This happens because some energy is always lost to friction as the marble rolls down the track. You need to start the marble higher than the top of the loop so it has enough extra energy to get the whole way through the loop without stopping.

If you watch the marble closely, you might be able to see that it is going the fastest right at the bottom of the hill before it enters the loop. As the marble rolls down the hill its potential energy is converted to kinetic energy (its height decreases, but its velocity increases). When the marble goes back up the loop its height increases again and its velocity decreases, changing kinetic energy into potential energy. If you added a straight piece of track at the bottom of your loop, you could observe how the marble gradually rolled to a stop due to friction.

The more features you add to your track, the more initial potential energy the marble will need to make it through all of them without stopping. You might notice that the pipe insulation flexes and bends as the marble zips around—this can also cause the marble to lose some energy (it takes energy to bend the insulation). Making your track more rigid by taping it to supports (such as boxes or pieces of furniture) will help avoid this type of energy loss, allowing your marble to go farther.

More to Explore

Paper Roller Coasters , from Scientific American Marble Roller Coaster: How Much Height to Loop the Loop? from Science Buddies Rolling Race , from Scientific American STEM Activities for Kids , from Science Buddies

This activity brought to you in partnership with Science Buddies

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Harvard Natural Sciences Lecture Demonstrations

1 Oxford St Cambridge MA 02138 Science Center B-08A (617) 495-5824

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Loop-the-loop.

A toy car rolling down a loop-the-loop track demonstrates the minimum height it must start at to successfully negotiate the loop.

What it shows:

For an object to move in a vertical circle, its velocity must exceed a critical value vc=(Rg) 1/2 , where R is the radius of the circle and g the acceleration due to gravity. This ensures that, at the top of the loop, the centripetal force balances the body's weight. This can be shown using a toy car on a looped track.

How it works:

Setting it up:.

Best mounted on top of the lecture bench, with a clamp stand holding the starting ramp. Provide a soft cushion at the end of the track to prevent the car diving spectacularly off the end of the bench.

These type of tracks are made by a couple of manufacturers, such as Hot Wheels™ by Mattel® at greater cost than when I got one for Christmas. Although the cars themselves have very good bearings and little frictional losses, the losses nevertheless require a starting height greater than (2.5)R. If more quantitative results are desired, use the previous demonstration, Crashing Pendulum, which does not suffer from frictional losses.

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Instructional Resources and Lecture Demonstrations

1m40.20 - loop-the-loop.

Start with the smooth steel ball and observe that you have to start it at the very top of the track for it to make it around the loop. With the scuffed steel ball you should be able to start the ball at 3/4 height and still make it around the loop. This is because the smooth ball loses some energy to sliding friction before it starts to roll. The scuffed ball starts to roll almost immediately.

Roseli Constantino Schwerz, Adriana da Silva Fontes, Andre Luis Schwerz, "Rolling with Slipping and Transition to Pure Rolling on an Inclined Plane", TPT, Vol. 62, #2, Feb. 2024, p. 132.
Rod Cross, "Rolling and Sliding Down an Inclined Plane", TPT, Vol. 61, #7, Oct. 2023, p. 568.
Glenn Wagner, "A Circular Motion Activity with Hot Wheels Rev-Ups", TPT, Vol. 47, # 2, Feb. 2009, p. 119.
Alan Cromer, "An Unusual Rolling-Sphere Phenomenon", TPT, Vol. 34, # 1, p. 48- 50, Jan. 1996.
Christopher R. Hazard, Joseph A. Sicking, and Terrence P. Toepker, "But Where Does It Land?", TPT, Vol. 32, #1, Jan. 1994, p. 48.
George W. Ficken, Jr., "A Hoop, Not a Cylinder", TPT, Vol. 32, # 4, Apr. 1994, p. 197.
Terrence P. Toepker, "Thanks, Readers!", TPT, Vol. 32, # 4, Apr. 1994, p. 197.
Roger E. Mills, "Miracle Mileage Versus the Conservation of Energy", TPT, Vol. 21, # 1, p. 45, January 1983.
Kelvin Bruan, Fr. Earl W. Meyer, Angelo Armenti, Jr., "Could an Athlete Run a 3-m Radius "Loop-the -Loop?", TPT, Vol. 19, # 9, Dec. 1981, p. 624.
Rod Cross, "Sliding and Rolling Along Circular Tracks in a Vertical Plane", AJP, Vol. 91, #5, May 2023, p. 351.
Karl C. Mamola, William A. (Toby) Dittrich, "Energy Loss and Jerk on the Loop-the-Loop", AJP, Vol. 89, #6, June 2021, p. 583.
Waldemar Klobus, "Motion on a Vertical Loop with Friction", AJP, Vol. 79, # 9, Sep. 2011, p. 913.
Thomas B. Greenslade Jr, "Loop-the-Loop", AJP, Vo. 79, # 6, June 2011, p. 643.
M. E. Bacon, "How Balls Roll Off Tables", AJP, Vol. 73, # 8, Aug. 2005, p. 722.
Peter L. Tea, Jr., "Trouble on the Loop- the- Loop", AJP, Vol. 55, # 9, Sept. 1987, p. 826.
R. A. Bachman, "Sphere Rolling Down a Grooved Track", AJP, Vol. 53, # 8, August 1985.
Oleg Jefimenko, "Water Stream "Loop-the-Loop", AJP, Vol. 42, # 2, Feb. 1974, p. 103.
Mm- 5, Freier and Anderson, A Demonstration Handbook for Physics.
M- 422, "Hot Wheels Loop-the-Loop", DICK and RAE Physics Demo Notebook.
M- 674, "Loop the Loop", DICK and RAE Physics Demo Notebook.
M-157, Richard Manliffe Sutton, Demonstration Experiments in Physics.
Robert Ehrlich, "E.5, Loop-the-Loop On an Incline", Turning the World Inside Out, p. 57.
Donna Berry Conner, "Loops From Cove Molding", A Potpourri of Physics Teaching Ideas, p. 12.
George M. Hopkins, "Centrifugal Force", Experimental Science, p. 10.
David Kutliroff, "41, Centripetal Force Demonstration with a Pendulum", 101 Classroom Demonstrations and Experiments For Physics Teachers, p. 93.
Janice VanCleave, "4, Up and Down", Engineering For Every Kid: Easy Activities That Make Learning Science Fun", p. 27.
Borislaw Bilash II, David Maiullo, "Loop the Loop", A Demo a Day: A Year of Physics Demonstrations, p. 140.
Jearl Walker, "1.20, Circus Loop-the-Loop Acts", The Flying Circus of Physics Ed. 2, p. 9.
Julius Sumner Miller, Physics Fun and Demonstrations, p. 105.
Curt Suplee, "Energy to Spare", Everyday Science Explained, National Geographic, p. 24.
Joseph Frick, "#4 - Loop the Loop", Physical Technics: Or, Practical Instructions for Making Experiments in Physics and the Construction of Physical Apparatus with the Most Limited Means", p. 142.

Disclaimer: These demonstrations are provided only for illustrative use by persons affiliated with The University of Iowa and only under the direction of a trained instructor or physicist. The University of Iowa is not responsible for demonstrations performed by those using their own equipment or who choose to use this reference material for their own purpose. The demonstrations included here are within the public domain and can be found in materials contained in libraries, bookstores, and through electronic sources. Performing all or any portion of any of these demonstrations, with or without revisions not depicted here entails inherent risks. These risks include, without limitation, bodily injury (and possibly death), including risks to health that may be temporary or permanent and that may exacerbate a pre-existing medical condition; and property loss or damage. Anyone performing any part of these demonstrations, even with revisions, knowingly and voluntarily assumes all risks associated with them.

Colorado State University

College of natural sciences, department of physics, loop the loop.

Demo Number	184
Location	Shelf 31
Description	Release a metal ball down the track and it will not leave the track while passing around the loop-the-loop if dropped from the minimum height. Loop and Ramp are marked for height in cm above the 0 point.
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Visit the reservation page , main demo categories: 0 homepage (1) 1 mechanics (107) 2 fluid mechanics (35) 3 oscillations and waves (55) 4 thermodynamics (35) 5 electricity & magnetism (110) 6 optics (49) 7 modern physics (18) 9 equipment (59) in storage (31) new demos in the last year (1), this demo is part of the following categories: 1m40 conservation of energy.

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Loop-The-Loop

To apply the ideas of conservation of energy in a rotating object and centripetal force.

Loop-the-loop, as photographed, with superball.

Description

Motion of the ball down the track and around the loop-the-loop can be described in terms of gravitational potential energy, rotational and translational kinetic energy, and centripetal force. A ball of mass m and radius r must be released at some minimum height h above the bottom point of the track so that it will not leave the track while passing around the loop-the-loop. In order to stay on the track at the top of the loop the centrifugal reaction of the ball on the track must be equal to or greater than the gravitational force on the ball: mv^2/R = mg, or v^2 = gR, where v is its linear vel

(PIRA 1M40.20)

D1-01. Stroboscope and Fan
D1-32. Trajectory From Circular Orbit
D1-34. Rotating Mass On Spring
D1-40. Centripetal Force On Rotating Rubber Band
D1-41. Rotating Water Bucket
D1-43. Inertial Forces - Balls In Rotating Jars
D1-44. Accelerometers And Frames Of Reference
D1-53. Loop-The-Loop
D1-55. Rotating Elastic Rings
D1-61. Rolling Versus Sliding
D1-62. Conservation Of Energy In Rolling Body
D1-65. Yo-Yo
D1-83. Spool
D1. Rotational Kinematics And Dynamics
Cans On Inclined Plane - With And Without Water
Center Of Percussion - Bat And Mallet
D2. Moment of Inertia
Miscellaneous Bodies On Inclined Plane
Moments Of Inertia About Three Principal Axes
Racing Pendula
Ring And Disc On Inclined Plane
D3-02. Mass On String - Orbits With Varying Radius
D3-04. Rotating Stool And Weights
D3-12. Swing Model
D3-32. Keywhip
D3. Angular Momentum
D4-03. Bicycle Wheel Gyroscope On Pivot
D4-04. Bicycle Wheel Gyroscope On Rope
D4-06. Electric Gyroscope
D4-08. Precession And Nutation Of Gyroscope - Model
D4-09. Zero-Torque Gyroscope
D4-10. Air Gyroscope
D5. Rotational Esoterica
Gyroscope - Toy
Gyroscope With Gimbal Rings
D5-02. Football
D5-05. Celts
D5-07. Stable And Unstable Principal Axes
D5-13. Focault Pendulum - Model
D5-14. Foucault Pendulum - 6 Ft
D5-24. Rotating Pendula - Length Vs. Height
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Loop-the-Loop


	height A Start (m)	height B Finish (m)	linear distance AB (m)	PE (J)	PE (J)	PE loss (J)	Δenergy/meter (J/m)

What was the mass of your car (kg)?

What was your track's energy loss per meter (J/m)?


	value

Did your car just make it through the top of the "loop-the-loop" on Trial #1?

If no, calculate a that is adjusted from the results of Trial #1.
What is your new value?

Did your car just make it through the top of the "loop-the-loop" on Trial #2?

If no, calculate a that is adjusted for the results of Trial #2.
What is your new value?

Did your car just make it through the top of the "loop-the-loop" on Trial #3?

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Loop the loop

This demonstration may be used to illustrate the concepts involved in circular motion. For example, one can perform a calculation to determine the minimum height of release required for the steel ball to make it through the loop.

All required parts other than ring stand are found on shelf C3. A ring stand may be found in front of shelves M and N.

A metal track, in two pieces: one straight section, and another containing the loop
Steel ball bearing
Wooden receptacle to catch ball

Put assemble the two parts of the track by sliding end of one section into the other. Attach the track to ring stand and place wooden receptacle to obtain configuration as in the photo below. Place steel ball bearing on track and release.

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug



Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ — Югра
Other transcription(s)
• Khanty	Хӑнты-Мансийской Aвтономной Округ
• Mansi	Ханты-Мансийский Aвтономный Oкруг

Anthem:

Coordinates: 70°10′E / 62.250°N 70.167°E / 62.250; 70.167
Country


Administrative center
Government
• Body
•	(acting)
Area
• Total	534,801 km (206,488 sq mi)
• Rank
Population ( )
• Total	1,711,480
• Rank
• Density	3.2/km (8.3/sq mi)
•	92.0%
•	8.0%
	( )
	RU-KHM
	86, 186
ID	71800000
Official languages
Recognised languages	• ]
Website

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra [lower-alpha 1] , commonly shortened to Khantia-Mansia, is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast ). It has a population of 1,532,243 as of the 2010 Census . [4] Its administrative center is located at Khanty-Mansiysk .

Administrative divisions

Demographics, settlements, ethnic groups, vital statistics, external links.

The peoples native to the region are the Khanty and the Mansi , known collectively as Ob-Ugric peoples , but today the two groups only constitute 2.5% of the region's population. The local languages, Khanty and Mansi , are part of the Ugric branch of the Finno-Ugric language family, and enjoy a special status in the autonomous okrug. Russian remains the only official language.

In 2012, the majority (51%) [7] of the oil produced in Russia came from Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, giving the region great economic importance in Russia and the world. It borders Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug to the north, Komi Republic to the northwest, Sverdlovsk Oblast to the west, Tyumen Oblast to the south, Tomsk Oblast to the south and southeast and Krasnoyarsk Krai in the east.

The okrug was established on December 10, 1930, as Ostyak-Vogul National Okrug ( Остя́ко-Вогу́льский национа́льный о́круг ). In October 1940, it was renamed the Khanty-Mansi National Okrug . In 1977, along with other national okrugs of the Russian SFSR , it became an autonomous okrug (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug). In 2003, the word " Yugra " was appended to the official name. [8]

The okrug occupies the central part of the West Siberian Plain .

Principal rivers include the Ob and its tributaries Irtysh and Vatinsky Yogan . There are numerous lakes in the okrug, the largest ones are Numto , Tormemtor , Leushinsky Tuman and Tursuntsky Tuman , among others. [9]

The northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude traverses the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.

Population : 1,674,676 (2020); [10] 1,532,243 ( 2010 Russian census ) ; [4] 1,432,817 ( 2002 Census ) ; [11] 1,268,439 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . [12]

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug has an area of 523,100 km 2 , but the area is sparsely populated. The administrative center is Khanty-Mansiysk , but the largest cities are Surgut , Nizhnevartovsk , and Nefteyugansk .


	Rank			Pop.
	1			380,632
	2			277,668
	3			127,255
	4			101,466
	5			67,727
	6			58,565
	7			46,643
	8			44,646
	9			43,666
	10			39,570

Historical population
Year
1939	92,932	—
1959	123,926	+33.4%
1970	271,157	+118.8%
1979	569,139	+109.9%
1989	1,268,439	+122.9%
2002	1,432,817	+13.0%
2010	1,532,243	+6.9%
2021	1,711,480	+11.7%
Source: Census data

The Indigenous population ( Khanty , Mansi , Komi , and Nenets ) is only 2.8% of the total population in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The exploitation of natural gas in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug has attracted immigrants from all over the former Soviet Union. The 2021 Census counted 17 ethnic groups of more than five thousand persons each. The ethnic composition is as follows:

Population of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug: [13]

Ethnic Group	Population	%
	888,660	70.3%
	79,727	6.3%
	41,596	3.3%
	29,717	2.4%
	21,791	1.7%
	21,259	1.7%
	19,568	1.5%
	15,268	1.2%
	13,669	1.1%
	12,361	1.0%
	11,065	0.9%
	9,990	0.8%
	7,786	0.6%
	7,085	0.6%
	6,156	0.5%
	5,562	0.4%
	5,297	0.4%
Other	48,194	3.8%

Historical population figures are shown below:

Ethnic group	1939 Census		1959 Census		1970 Census		1979 Census		1989 Census		2002 Census		2010 Census		2021 Census
Ethnic group	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
	12,238	13.1%	11,435	9.2%	12,222	4.5%	11,219	2.0%	11,892	0.9%	17,128	1.2%	19,068	1.3%	19,568	1.6%
	5,768	6.2%	5,644	4.6%	6,684	2.5%	6,156	1.1%	6,562	0.5%	9,894	0.7%	10,977	0.8%	11,065	0.9%
	852	0.9%	815	0.7%	940	0.3%	1,003	0.2%	1,144	0.1%	1,290	0.1%	1,438	0.1%	1,381	0.1%
	2,436	2.6%	2,803	2.3%	3,150	1.2%	3,105	0.5%	3,000	0.2%	3,081	0.2%	2,364	0.2%	2,618	0.2%
	67,616	72.5%	89,813	72.5%	208,500	76.9%	423,792	74.3%	850,297	66.3%	946,590	66.1%	973,978	68.1%	888,660	70.3%
	1,111	1.2%	4,363	3.5%	9,986	3.7%	45,484	8.0%	148,317	11.6%	123,238	8.6%	91,323	6.4%	41,596	3.3%
	2,227	2.4%	2,938	2.4%	14,046	5.2%	36,898	6.5%	97,689	7.6%	107,637	7.5%	108,899	7.6%	79,727	6.3%
Others	1,026	1.1%	6,115	4.9%	15,629	5.8%	43,106	7.6%	163,495	12.7%	223,959	15.6%	173,536	15.5%	219,465	17.3%
102,138 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.

Source: [15]

	Average population (× 1000)	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death rate (per 1000)	Natural change (per 1000)	Fertility rates
1970	281	5 959	2 025	3 934	21.2	7.2	14.0
1975	415	9 450	2 572	6 878	22.8	6.2	16.6
1980	649	13 901	4 116	9 785	21.4	6.3	15.1
1985	1 041	25 130	4 863	20 267	24.1	4.7	19.5
1990	1 274	21 812	5 354	16 458	17.1	4.2	12.9
1991	1 276	19 060	5 884	13 176	14.9	4.6	10.3
1992	1 270	15 849	7 132	8 717	12.5	5.6	6.9
1993	1 274	14 531	9 401	5 130	11.4	7.4	4.0	1,59
1994	1 286	15 120	9 937	5 183	11.8	7.7	4.0	1,59
1995	1 298	14 418	10 041	4 377	11.1	7.7	3.4	1,46
1996	1 310	14 469	9 508	4 961	11.0	7.3	3.8	1,39
1997	1 330	14 640	8 497	6 143	11.0	6.4	4.6	1,34
1998	1 351	15 600	8 164	7 436	11.5	6.0	5.5	1,39
1999	1 359	14 728	8 476	6 252	10.8	6.2	4.6	1,29
2000	1 372	15 579	9 426	6 153	11.4	6.9	4.5	1,34
2001	1 398	17 130	9 863	7 267	12.3	7.1	5.2	1,43
2002	1 426	19 051	9 829	9 222	13.4	6.9	6.5	1,54
2003	1 445	19 883	10 000	9 883	13.8	6.9	6.8	1,58
2004	1 456	20 377	9 828	10 549	14.0	6.8	7.2	1,59
2005	1 466	19 958	10 415	9 543	13.6	7.1	6.5	1,54
2006	1 476	20 366	10 077	10 289	13.8	6.8	7.0	1,56
2007	1 487	21 887	10 093	11 794	14.7	6.8	7.9	1,66
2008	1 500	23 197	10 215	12 982	15.5	6.8	8.7	1,74
2009	1 513	23 840	10 107	13 733	15.8	6.7	9.1	1,77
2010	1 527	25 089	10 447	14 642	16.4	6.8	9.6	1,84
2011	1 543	25 335	10 072	14 642	16.4	6.5	9.9	1,86
2012	1 558	27 686	9 949	17 737	17.6	6.3	11.3	2,02

Religion in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)

			38.1%
Other			5.5%
			11%
and other native faiths			0.9%
			23.1%
and			11%
Other and undeclared			10.4%

According to a 2012 survey [16] 38.1% of the population of Yugra adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church , 5% are unaffiliated generic Christians , 1% of the population adheres to the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery) or to Khanty-Mansi native faith. Muslims (mostly Tatars ) constitute 11% of the population. In addition, 23% of the population declares to be spiritual but not religious , 11% is atheist , and 10.9% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question. [16] According to recent reports Jehovah's Witnesses have been subjected to torture and detention in Surgut. [18]

In Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, the primary transport of goods is by water and railway transport; 29% is transported by road, and 2% by aviation. The total length of railway tracks is 1,106 km. The length of roads is more than 18,000 km.

Hockey Club Ugra
List of Chairmen of the Duma of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Remembering theoretical physicist James D. “BJ” Bjorken, 90, who played a crucial role in discovering quarks

His wide-ranging curiosity, novel way of looking at problems and sheer joy in solving them drove many important contributions to particle physics.

By Glennda Chui

SLAC theoretical physicist James D. "BJ" Bjorken

Theoretical physicist James D. “BJ” Bjorken, a professor emeritus at the Department of Energy’s SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University whose work played a key role in revealing the existence of quarks and illuminating the mathematical framework that governs all fundamental interactions, died Aug. 6 in Redwood City, California, at the age of 90 after a brief struggle with metastatic melanoma.

Part of a wave of young physicists who came to Stanford in the mid-1950s to explore the most basic secrets of matter with a brand-new technology known as the linear accelerator, Bjorken went on to make important contributions not just to particle physics theory, but also to the design of experiments and the efficient operation of particle accelerators.

Known for his warmth, generosity and collaborative spirit, Bjorken passionately pursued many interests outside physics, from mountain climbing, skiing, cycling and windsurfing to listening to classical music. He divided his time between homes in Woodside, California, and Driggs, Idaho, and thought nothing of driving long distances to see an opera in Chicago, where he had season tickets, or drop in unannounced at the office of some fellow physicist for deep conversations about things like general relativity, dark matter and dark energy. “I’ve found the most efficient way to test ideas and get hard criticism is one-on-one conversation with people who know more than I do,” he said.

His most famous scientific achievement was the invention of “Bjorken scaling,” an analytical approach that allowed physicists to plot the data from early particle collisions at SLAC’s Stanford Linear Accelerator in a way that revealed the presence of quarks inside the proton.

“This was a huge moment in particle physics – the beginning of our understanding that quarks are real,” said SLAC theoretical physicist Michael Peskin.

But Bjorken was also known for identifying a wide variety of interesting problems and tackling them in novel ways, driven by the pure joy of doing the work.

“He was somewhat iconoclastic. He didn't march to anybody else's drum," said Lance Dixon, a theoretical physicist at SLAC and Stanford. "What made him a great physicist was he thought differently from other people.” He also had colorful and often distinctly visual ways of thinking about physics, Dixon said – for instance, describing physics concepts in terms of plumbing or baked Alaska.

Photo of James Bjorken climbing Cathedral Peak in Yosemite.

Others remembered his sense of fun, like the time he gave the closing lecture at a summer physics institute dressed in a bear skin.

Helen Quinn, a SLAC theoretical physicist and professor emerita who became Bjorken’s first PhD student in 1965, said, “He never played one-upmanship. He never sought recognition for himself, and he was very generous in recognizing the contributions of others. For instance, when I was a graduate student, I found and told him about an error in one of his papers. He submitted a correction, and he made me an author of the correction. Nobody does that!”

Early days at Stanford and SLAC

Born in Chicago on June 22, 1934, James Daniel Bjorken grew up in Park Ridge, Illinois, where he attended public schools and was drawn to math and chemistry. His father, who had immigrated from Sweden in 1923, was an electrical engineer who repaired industrial electric motors and generators. Bjorken would later comment that this sort of hands-on problem solving was in his blood.

After earning a bachelor’s degree at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Bjorken came to Stanford as a graduate student in 1956. He was one of half a dozen MIT physicists, including his adviser and father figure Sidney Drell and future SLAC director and Nobelist Burton Richter, who were drawn by new facilities on the Stanford campus, including an early linear accelerator that scattered electrons off targets to explore the nature of the neutron and proton.

Ten years later those experiments moved to SLAC, where the newly constructed 2-mile-long Stanford Linear Accelerator would boost electrons to much higher energies needed to delve even deeper into the nature of matter.

By that time, theorists had proposed that the protons and neutrons inside the atomic nucleus contained other fundamental particles. But no one knew much about their properties or how to go about proving they were there. “People thought about them as not quite real,” Quinn recalled.

Stalking the quark

Bjorken, who had earned a PhD from Stanford in 1959 and joined the faculty in 1961, began investigating the mathematical properties of collisions where highly energetic electrons bounce, or scatter, off protons. In an influential 1969 paper, he suggested that the electrons were actually bouncing off point-like particles within the proton, a process known as deep inelastic scattering, and he started lobbying experimentalists to test it with the SLAC accelerator.

Photo of James Bjorken and others at SLAC 20th Anniversary Conference

“The idea was to have electrons knock protons into smithereens as violently as you could arrange it,” he recalled in a 2015 interview. “This was not trendy at the time.” But he continued to talk up the idea with the experimental team during mountain climbing trips with the Stanford Alpine Club.

Carrying out the experiments would require a new mathematical language and Bjorken contributed to its development, with simplifications and improvements from two of his students, John Kogut and Davison Soper, and Caltech physicist Richard Feynman.

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, those experiments confirmed that the proton does indeed consist of fundamental particles called quarks – a discovery honored with the 1990 Nobel Prize in physics for SLAC’s Richard Taylor and MIT’s Henry Kendall and Jerome Friedman.

Many in the particle physics community thought Bjorken would have shared the Nobel if the prize had not been limited to three winners, Quinn said. But his role was later recognized with two of the most prestigious awards in the field: the Wolf Prize in Physics and the 2015 High Energy and Particle Physics Prize of the European Physical Society, which also honored his significant contributions to developing a theory of the “strong force” that mediates interactions between quarks within protons and neutrons.

The accelerator side of things

In 1979, Bjorken left the SLAC and Stanford faculties to become associate director for physics at the DOE’s Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, saying he wanted to learn more about the accelerator side of things. In fact, he was known as one of the few particle physics theorists who also participated in experiments, both at Fermilab’s Tevatron collider and at SLAC.

He returned to SLAC in 1989, where he continued to innovate.

Over the course of his career, among other things, he invented ideas related to the existence of the charm quark and the circulation of protons in a storage ring, and he popularized the unitarity triangle – a way of graphically depicting measurements made by the BaBar particle detector at SLAC. He and Drell also co-wrote two widely used graduate-level textbooks – Relativistic Quantum Mechanics and Relativistic Quantum Fields .

In 2009 Bjorken contributed to an influential paper by three younger theorists suggesting approaches for searching for “heavy” or “dark” photons, hypothetical carriers of a new fundamental force.

Awards and honors

Bjorken was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1973. In addition to the 2015 Wolf and High Energy and Particle Physics prizes, which he shared with other scientists, he was awarded the American Physical Society’s Dannie Heinemann Prize in Mathematical Physics; the Department of Energy’s Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award; and the Dirac Medal from the International Center for Theoretical Physics.

In 2017 he shared the Robert R. Wilson Prize for Achievement in the Physics of Particle Accelerators for groundbreaking theoretical work he did at Fermilab that helped to sharpen the focus of particle beams in many types of accelerators by understanding and coping with an important constraint on their intensity and focus.

Family members said Bjorken continued to amuse himself with physics until his very last days. “He was surrounded by physics equations and thoughts,” said his daughter, Johanna Bjorken. “It was truly what he loved – and yet it was just one dimension of the many things he loved.”

Bjorken is survived by his daughters Johanna Bjorken of Brooklyn, New York and Eliza B. Davies of San Carlos, California; stepchildren Peter Nauenberg of Crystal Bay, Nevada, and Maria James of San Leandro, California; and nine grandchildren. He was preceded in death by his wife Joan G. Bjorken (1983) and granddaughter Nova Joan Adan (2024).

At Bjorken's request, there will be no formal services or memorial.

For questions or comments, contact SLAC Strategic Communications & External Affairs at [email protected] .

SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory explores how the universe works at the biggest, smallest and fastest scales and invents powerful tools used by researchers around the globe. As world leaders in ultrafast science and bold explorers of the physics of the universe, we forge new ground in understanding our origins and building a healthier and more sustainable future. Our discovery and innovation help develop new materials and chemical processes and open unprecedented views of the cosmos and life’s most delicate machinery. Building on more than 60 years of visionary research, we help shape the future by advancing areas such as quantum technology, scientific computing and the development of next-generation accelerators.

SLAC is operated by Stanford University for the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science . The Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time.

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See all region register, peakvisor app, khanty-mansiysk autonomous okrug – ugra.

Welcome to the land of sheer silent whiteness. Its vast expanses are filled with fresh Arctic air, howling winds, and the spirit of true adventure. Come with us to the lands of the ancient Khanty and Mansi tribes that survived in this harsh climate of the Nether-Polar Urals . See the mountains that defy any logical or geological reason for their existence. Experience the wonders of this sparsely populated land where you can hardly see a human trace. Welcome to Yugra!

Flora & Fauna

Water resources, landmarks and tourism, major mountains, mount narodnaya, mount zaschita, mount neroyka, the pyramid mountain, samarovskaya mountain, ski and sports facilities, protected sites, reserves, national and natural parks, rivers and lakes, major cities, khanty-mansiysk.

The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Area – Yugra (KhMAO) is located in the central part of the West Siberian Plain, stretching from west to east from the Ural Range to the Ob-Yenisei Watershed. The vast areas of this plain, as well as the Lower Priob region, are considered one of the most recently inhabited areas.

The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Area (KhMAO) was established in 1930. Its name comes from two main northern indigenous peoples – the Khanty and the Mansi. From 1944 it was legally part of the Tyumen Region , but in 1993 the Area received autonomy and became a full-fledged territorial entity of the Russian Federation. It is a part of the Urals Federal District. The administrative centre is the city of Khanty-Mansiysk , whereas the largest city is Surgut. The word Yugra was introduced to the name of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Area in 2003 to pay tribute to the old name used by the locals to call the territories lying beyond the North Urals.

The KhMAO borders the Komi Republic in the north-west, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District in the north, the Krasnoyarsk Area and the Tomsk Region in the east and south-east, the Tyumen Region in the south and the Sverdlovsk Region in the south-west.

The area of the territory is 534,801 sq.km, the length from north to south is 800 km, from west to east is 1400 km. The population of this huge territory is 1,674,676 people as of 2020, which is the same amount as people living in Barcelona or Munich.

The main part of the territory is a huge, poorly dissected plain where absolute elevation marks rarely exceed 200 meters above sea level. The western part of the KhMAO territory is characterized by low and middle mountainous terrains with some Alpine relief featured in the Subpolar Urals. Here are ridges and spurs of the mountain system of the North Urals and the Subpolar Urals. The maximum absolute elevations are on the border with the Komi Republic . Mount Narodnaya (1,895m) is the highest peak.

More than 800 species of higher plants grow in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area . Almost the entire territory is covered by taiga forests that occupy about 52% of the area. Spruce, fir, pine, cedar, larch, birch, alder grow here. In the northern parts of the area, the composition of the vegetation is greatly influenced by perennial permafrost. Light lichen grasslands which are used as deer pastures are widespread there. Tundra dominates in the mountainous and hilly areas. River floodplains and lowlands are characterized by meadow vegetation, the so-called water meadows. High floodplains of large rivers are mainly covered with woods that mainly feature willows, birches and aspens. Forests and swamps are rich in berries and various valuable plants, most of which are used in traditional indigenous medicine.

The animal world is typical for the Russian taiga zone. There are 369 species of vertebrates. Mammals are represented by 60 species (28 of them are commercial species). The most common and valuable of them are wild reindeer, elk, fox, sable, fox, squirrel, marten, ermine, Siberian weasel, polecat, mink, weasel, otter, hare and others. Wolverine and West Siberian river beaver are included in the Red Book of Russia.

There are 256 bird species in the region, including 206 sedentary and nesting species. Some rare bird species are listed in the Red Book. There are 42 species of fish in rivers and lakes. Of these, 19 species are commercial, among them are starlet sturgeon, lelema, muksun (whitefish), pelyad, chir, lake herring, wader, tugun, freshwater cod, pike, ide, roach, bream, fir, perch, ruff, golden and silver crucian carp, carp (carp is grown in the cooling ponds of the Surgutskaya and Nizhnevartovskaya hydroelectric plants). Sturgeon is listed in the Red Book. There is an abundance of mosquitoes and gnats in the area, the greatest activity of which is in the second half of summer.

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Area. Reindeer

Yugra can boast of over 2 thousand large and small rivers, the total length of which is 172,000 km. The main rivers are the Ob (3,650 km), the Irtysh (3,580 km). These are some of the largest rivers in Russia. Other significant rivers include the tributaries of the Ob (the Vakh, Agan, Tromyogan, Bolshoy Yugan, Lyamin, Pim, Bolshoy Salym, Nazym, Severnaya Sosva, Kazym rivers), the tributary of the Irtysh (the Konda River) and the Sogom River. Ten rivers are over 500 km long. All the Yugra rivers with the exception of the rivers in the Ural part of the region are characterized by rather slow currents, gentle slopes, some surge wave phenomena, spring and summer floods. The Ob River basin extends over a distance of 700-200 km from the mouths of its tributaries. Such abundance of water facilitates the appearance of floodplain swamps and seasonal lakes.

The region's swamps are predominantly of the upper and transitional type. Those water basins occupy about a third of the region. About 290,000 lakes with the area of more than 1 ha are surrounded by swamps and forests. The largest lakes are Tursuntsky Tuman, Levushinsky Tuman, Vandemtor and Trmemtor. The deepest lakes are Kintus (48 m) and Syrky Sor (42 m). However, most of the lakes (about 90%) are modest and quite small and have no surface runoff.

The area is rich in resources of fresh, mineral and thermal underground waters, which are still insignificantly used.

The climate is moderately continental. Winters are harsh, snowy and long, and summers are short and relatively warm. The territory is protected from the west by the Ural Mountains but its openness from the north has a significant impact on the climate formation because cold air masses from the Arctic freely penetrate the area. The flat character of the terrain with a large number of rivers, lakes and swamps also has its impact. Most of the precipitation falls during the warm seasons. But even with a small amount of precipitation, their evaporation is very low, which as a result contributes to the formation of the zone of excessive moisture throughout the Yugra. The snow cover is stable from late October to early May, its height varies from 50 to 80 cm. The region is characterized by a rapid change of weather conditions, especially in transitional seasons (autumn and spring), as well as during the day. Late spring and early autumn frosts are rather frequent and can happen even until mid-June. Average January temperatures range from -18ºC to -24ºC (0 F to -11 F) and can reach -60ºC to -62ºC (-76 F to -80 F) when the northern cold air masses break through. The average temperature in July, the warmest month of the year, ranges from +15ºC to +20ºC (+59 F to +68 F) and on very rare days can reach a maximum temperature of +36ºC (+97 F). The prevailing wind direction is north in summer and south in winter.

The weather in the mountains is quite changeable and cool even in summer. The best time to visit the region's mountains is between July and mid-August.

The Yugra of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area has a huge natural resource potential. These are oil and gas deposits, forests, gold and iron ore deposits, as well as bauxites, copper, zinc, lead, niobium, tantalum, brown and hard coal deposits, rock crystal, quartz and piezo quartz, peat deposits, etc. The region has plenty of natural resources. In terms of natural gas reserves, the Yugra ranks second in the Russian Federation after the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District .

The industry is dominated by oil and gas production, power generation and processing industries, including woodworking except for pulp and paper production.

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Area. Pump-rocking

The Khanty-Mansi area has very developed tourism of all kinds. There is a modern infrastructure for cultural exploration as well as for active recreation.

Fans of sports and eco-friendly tourism will be able to conquer majestic mountains and raft down picturesque rivers, enjoy the beauty of nature in nature reserves and natural parks. The hills and mountains of this area open up endless opportunities for skiing and snowboarding.

The mountainous part of the Subpolar Urals located on the territory of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area is very beautiful. The highest peaks of the Ural Mountains are situated here.

Being the highest point of the whole Urals, Mount Narodnaya (1,895 m), also known as Naroda and Poenurr and translated as People's Mountain is territorially situated in the Subpolar Urals, on the border of the Yugra Area and the Komi Republic . It is the highest point in European Russia outside the Caucasus. This leads to its large topographic prominence of 1,772 metres (5,814 ft).

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Area. Mount Narodnaya

The top of the mountain is half a kilometre from the border towards Yugra. As for the name of the mountain, scientists could not come to a common opinion for a long time, so there are two versions. According to one version, in the Soviet years, an expedition of pioneers gave the mountain a name in honour of the Soviet people - Narodnaya (the stress is on the second syllable). According to the other version, even before the arrival of the first Soviet tourists, the peak was named after the River Naroda (the stress is on the first syllable) flowing at the foot of the mountain. The Nenets peoples called the River Naroda Naro, which means a thicket or a dense forest, and the Mansi peoples called it Poengurr or Poen-urr, which translates as the top, or head. The maps used to refer to it as Mount Naroda or Mount Naroda-Iz. Nowadays, it appears everywhere as Narodnaya.

In the 1980s, someone set a bust of Lenin on the top of the mountain. Its remains can be found there to this day. There is one more symbolic relic there – some Orthodox believers erected a worship cross on top of Mount Narodnaya after a Procession of the Cross.

The slopes of the mountain are steeper in the north-east and south-west and there are many steep rocks on them. The south-eastern and northern parts of the mountain are more gentle but they are also covered with scree. Be vigilant and careful when climbing! On the slopes of the mountain, there are many not only boulders but also caverns filled with clear water as well as ice. There are glaciers and snowfields. From the north-eastern part of the mountain, you can observe Lake Blue near which tourists and travellers like to make bivouacs.

Mesmerizing with its beauty and inaccessibility, it attracts many tourists and fans of active recreation. This majestic mountain is quite remote from the settlements, so getting to it is not an easy task. The mountain is located in the Yugyd Va National Park , so it is necessary to register in advance and get a visit permit from the park administration. How to get to the park administration and get a permit, read the article on the Yugyd Va National Park .

Mountain Zaschita (1,808 m) is the second-highest peak in the Ural Mountains, after Mount Narodnaya . Mysteriously, the name of the mountain, which roughly translates as Defense or Protection Mount, does not correlate in any way with the Mansi names of the nearby mountains and rivers. The origin of the name is unknown. There are some speculations but we will consider just one of them. On the map of the Northern Urals which was made by the Hungarian researcher Reguli the closest peak to Mount Narodnaya was called gnetying olu. Its location coincides with that of the present-day Mount Zaschita . The name gnetying olu in the Mansi can be deciphered as a mountain on which there is some help from ice. The mountain is believed to protect deer grazing on glaciers from mosquitoes. So, early topographers called the mountain more briefly – Mount Defense. Indeed, the slopes of this mountain are covered with a lot of snow and glaciers (the Yugra, Naroda, Kosyu, Hobyu glaciers and others). And it is here that the Mansi shepherds bring their deer which can rest on glaciers and snow. Summarizing all the above, we can say that Zaschita Mount is to some extent protection for deer from mosquitoes. The very name Zaschita appeared on maps with the beginning of hiking tours in the Subpolar Urals.

Mount Neroyka (1,645 m) is 100 km from Neroyka village, the closest tourist base to this peak. In the 1950s, people who were engaged in quartz mining near the mountain worked and lived in this base. Later, a gravel road was built from the village of Saranpaul to the mountain for large-scale development of the quartz deposit. In recent years, the road has not been much used and is practically not cleaned from snow in winter. There has been a plant built 20 km down from the mountain for primary processing of quartz with the use of nanotechnologies. There is an annual big camping event near the mountain. It is organized by the Tourism Department of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area. You can have a 1-hour helicopter ride to the mountain from the village of Saranpaul. Should you wish to fly from the city of Khanty-Mansiysk , be prepared to fly over the taiga for 2.5-3 hours.

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Area. Mount Neroyka

Quite inquisitive tourists happened to discover, by a lucky chance, a Pyramid similar to that of Cheops but four times bigger. It is located on the territory of the Narodo-Ityinsky Ridge. The closest to the pyramid is the village of Saranpaul. The sizes of the found pyramid are as follows: the height is 774 m, in comparison to the Egyptian pyramid which is 147 m; the length of a lateral edge is 230 m whereas the Egyptian pyramid is 1 km. The pyramid is located precisely according to the cardinal directions, there is not a single degree deviation at that. The origin of the pyramid is unknown, scientists are still making assumptions. No traces of human activity were found near the pyramid. The only way to get here at this time is by helicopter.

Samarovskaya Mountain is another wonder that is baffling many people. It is dividing the city of Khanty-Mansiysk into northern and southern parts. Few now living residents know that in the old days the highest part of the modern city used to bear a plural name of the Samarovsky Mountains among which there were Mount Palenina, Komissarskaya, Miroslavskaya, Filinova, and Romanova. Originally, there was a village called Samarovo amidst these mountains. Until now, many issues bewilder both residents and scientists. How could a mountain form in the middle of the West Siberian Plain? What is inside it? Won't the weight of the buildings erected on the top of the mountain affect its height? The uniqueness of Samarovskaya Mountain is that it consists of numerous large stones, boulders, rocks that are absolutely foreign to this area. Scientists have not yet come to a consensus on the mountain’s origin.

The Yugra is very famous for its ski resorts, the main of which are:

The Cedar Ravine ski resort (Surgut city, Naberezhny Ave. 39/1)
Three Mountains (Trekhgorie) ski resort (30 km from Nizhnevartovsk, Ermakovsky settlement)
Stone Cape (Kamenniy Mys) ski resort (near the city of Surgut)
Pine Urman ski resort ( Khanty-Mansiysk , Sportivnaya Str., 24)

The far-away lands of the Yugra are the blessed sanctuaries for many animals as the area is rather hostile to a human There are reserves, natural parks, wildlife sanctuaries here that aim to protect the national treasures of the lands. Having visited these regions once, you would crave for coming back again and again to feel that unique sense of unity with nature, to forget about the urban fuss and and hustles whatsoever. The harsh but beautiful nature of this extraordinary area leaves an indelible trace in the soul of every person.

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Area. Samarovsky outlier. Archeopark

On the territory of the district there are 25 specially protected natural areas, the most famous of them are:

The reserves are two: the Malaya Sosva Reserve and the Yugan Reserve, the latter was established in 1982 as the largest reserve of taiga landscapes. The purpose of the reserves was to study unobtrusively and carefully preserve the endemic flora and fauna without disturbing natural processes. Hunting and economic activities are prohibited here, which is important for the preservation of natural ecosystems.
The natural parks are the Samarovsky Chugas Nature Park, the Siberian Sloping Hills (Uvaly), the Numto (also called Lake Numto), and the Kondinskie Lakes.

These reserves and natural parks offer tourists their own excursion programs to make visiting their territory much more enjoyable and educational.

The Samarovsky Chugas Nature Park is located in the center of Khanty-Mansiysk , on a small hill between the Ob and Irtysh rivers.

The territory of the Siberian Sloping Hills (Uvaly) natural park is 350 km away from the city of Khanty-Mansiysk . You can get there by helicopter or by plane. The office of the park is located at 7a Pionerskaya Street, Nizhnevartovsk.

The Kondinskie Lakes Natural Park is located 380 km from Khanty-Mansiysk . Half of the park is covered with swamps, but there is also a recreational area. There you can rest, swim, do some amateur fishing, picking berries (cowberries, cranberries) and mushrooms is permitted. There is only one independent walking route here, it runs for 3 km in the deep forest. It is a cool place for kids since the park is equipped with sports grounds, a pool and a small zoo where the kids can interact with brown bear cubs. What else, try the TaiPark, it is a rope course running at the height of 2.5 meters, having 15 stages, the full length is 125 meters. There is an opportunity to order water walking tours in the town of Sovetsky, which can be reached by train from Khanty-Mansiysk .

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Area. Kondinskie Lakes

The Numto Nature Park is located almost in the center of the West Siberian Plain, in the Beloyarsk district of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area, 300 km from the city of Surgut and 200 km from the town of Beloyarsk. It is located on the border of Yugra and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area. The administration of the park is located at 2, Beloyarsky micro-district, 4a. The territory of the natural park is a treasure trove of archaeological and ethnocultural monuments. As of today, there have been discovered 20 architectural monuments, including fortified and not fortified settlements, places of worship abandoned by the peoples who lived here from the Stone Age to almost the present day. Researchers have also found 65 monuments of ethnic value, the main of which are worship objects, sacred places and cemeteries.

The Malaya Sosva Reserve includes several subordinated territories and sanctuaries, including Lake Ranghe-Tour. The reserve offers a 4-km walking guided route that gets the visitors introduced to the typical features and characteristics of flora and fauna of the region. The route is called Bear Trail and you can spot bears there (don’t come close though, we’ve already written how to behave if you meet a bear in the wild). Also, you will see the River Malaya Sosva, some marshes, ancient cultural monuments and other nice sights. Permission to visit the reserve can be obtained from the administration of the reserve at Lenina Str. 46, town Sovetskiy.

As to the Yugan Nature Reserve , it is inaccessible to common hikers who are afraid of flying since there are no roads to it. The only way to get there is taking a helicopter ride. You also must obtain a permit in the administration of the reserve, go accompanied by employees of the reserve, and only on special transport of the reserve (motorboat, snowmobile). The central manor of the Reserve and the administration are located in the village of Ugut. To get to this village, you should first go to the town of Surgut, then go to the town of Pyt-Yakh, and from it there is a road to the village of Ugut. It is about 100 km from Ugut to the southern border of the reserve i, and another 25 km to the nearest cordon. The administration works from Monday to Friday. You can request a permit via mail at [email protected] , order a guided tour at [email protected]

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Area. Yugan Nature Reserve

The Yugra lands are heaven for water sports aficionados. They can have some awesome fishing or go rafting along such rivers as: the river Naroda, the Deep Sabun, etc.

The Naroda River is 140 km long. It is the left tributary of the Manya River located in the Ob River basin. The river has its origin on the south-western slope of Mount Narodnaya . It is a mountain-taiga river with rapids, swifts, numerous rolls, which attracts interest among water tourists. However, it is usually not rafted very often.

The Deep Sabun River flows through the territory of the Siberian Sloping Hills Nature Park. The park has developed multi-day water routes. It is possible to raft along the river in summer and to go skiing along it in winter.

The Kondinskie Lakes are a system of lakes along the left bank of the Konda River. The largest lake is the Arantur, with pine forests on the northern side and sandy beaches well equipped for a nice relaxing me-time. The water heats up well in summer. The small river Okunevaya and the river Maly Akh flow into the lake. The Maly Akh comes in on the west side and connects lake Arantur with Lake Pon-Tour. This lake is the richest in fish, and there is also a parking lot for fishermen here. The streams connect Pon-Tour with small lakes Krugloe and Lopukhovoye. When you look at Lopukhovoe lake, you feel as if you have found yourself in a fabulous place: more than half of its surface is covered with white lilies, as well as yellow flowers of the water-beans. Then the river Big Akh, which flows into the river Konda, connects all the lakes into a single system. Along the river there are many archeological monuments such as forts and settlements which have paths to them. The southernmost lake of the park is Ranghe-Tour.

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Area. Rivers and Lakes

Yugra is not the easiest destination and not the most accessible, but the effort is well worth it. You should first get to the capital of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Area – the city of Khanty-Mansiysk either by air or by train.

Khanty-Mansiysk is based on the premises of the former village Samarovo founded in 1582. It used to be the territory of the Khanty people and a pit stop for coachmen who rode their wagons across the country. The village was founded by Russian Count Samara, thus the name Samarovo. The modern city actually began to develop in 1930 because amidst the Siberian taiga there finally started to appear stone houses on the high bank of the Irtysh River. In 1940, the village was renamed into Khanty-Mansiysk by the name of the peoples living on this territory – the Khanty and the Mansi, and in 1950 it received the status of a town.

The city has several attractions. Mount Samarovskaya is probably the biggest natural and scientific wonder. It divides the city in two parts and causes many concerns for urban developers who always wonder whether this mountain can move making the buildings slide or even sink in.

Another beauty is the century-old cedar grove that is within the city limits. The grove is a part of the natural park Samarovsky Chugas. The word chugas in the language of the Khanty means a lonely hill in the low river floodplain.

The park is one of the main attractions of the city, it hosts an open-air ethnographic museum called the Torum Maa, a cultural and tourist complex called Archaeopark, a biathlon center. Kids and adults, nature lovers and fans of culture love this place dearly.

A memorial sign to Yugra's discoverers is installed on top of the Samarovsky Chugas. It is a tall stele pyramid divided into three portions. On the lower level, there is a restaurant, on the second level is a small museum, and on the third level there is an observation deck, 40 m above the ground, with a magnificent view of the Irtysh River and the river port. The pyramid is decorated by the bas-relief depicting the discoverers of the region, from the 16th-century Count Samara to the geologists of the 20th century.

Another trademark of Khanty-Mansiysk is the State Museum of Nature and Man. The museum hosts a gallery and a workshop of a famous artist G. Rayshev.

The city has a lot of small monuments generously spread around the city. There is the Khanty family resting on a camp, this monument is near the airport building. You can take a pic at the Golden Tambourine located at the intersection of Gagarin Street and Mira Street. Connoisseurs of culture should also visit the Sun – the Theatre of Ob-Ugrian Peoples, it is the world's first professional theatre of Khanty and Mansi peoples. And if you are travelling with kids, the Khanty-Mansiysk Puppet Theatre is a must-visit. In the period from May to October, you can take a boat ride to the confluence of two rivers – the Ob and the Irtysh. Yugra Service Co. operates such cruises, you can find more information locally at their address Tobolsk Trakt street 4, Khanty-Mansiysk .

Explore Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Ugra with the PeakVisor 3D Map and identify its summits .

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Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, Russia

The capital city of Khanty-Mansi okrug: Khanty-Mansiysk .

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra - Overview

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra is a federal subject of Russia, part of the Urals Federal District. Khanty-Mansiysk is the capital city of the region.

The population of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra is about 1,702,200 (2022), the area - 534,801 sq. km.

Khanty-Mansi okrug flag

Khanty-mansi okrug coat of arms.

Khanty-Mansi okrug map, Russia

Khanty-mansi okrug latest news and posts from our blog:.

21 March, 2020 / Nizhnevartovsk - the view from above .

8 November, 2017 / Surgut - the view from above .

4 March, 2017 / Khanty-Mansiysk - the view from above .

12 February, 2016 / Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug from above .

21 May, 2013 / The most powerful thermoelectric power station in Russia .

History of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra

Yugra is the historical homeland of the Ob-Ugric peoples: Khanty, Mansi, Nenets, and Selkup. They were engaged in hunting, fishing, cattle breeding. After the Turkic peoples pushed them from south to north, these peoples had to apply their skills in more severe conditions. It is at this new location Ugrians began to domesticate deer.

In the first half of the second millennium AD, the main features of the material and spiritual culture of Khanty, Mansi and forest Nenets were formed. It is believed that since then they have not undergone major changes. Since the second half of the 13th century, a new factor in the development of the region was its entry into the Golden Horde.

At the end of the 14th century, the collapse of the Golden Horde led to the emergence of a separate Tyumen Khanate. In 1495, the Siberian Khanate appeared. At that time the basic principles of political, administrative and socio-economic organization of this territory were developed. The region was called Ugra or Yugra.

More historical facts…

The region became part of Russia in the end of the 16th century. From the middle of the 18th century, this region became a place of exile for criminals. December 10, 1930, Ostyako-Vogul national okrug was formed with the center in the settlement of Samarovo. Construction of a new center began 5 km away from it. In February 1932, the new center of the region was named Ostyako-Vogulsk.

In 1934, the first steps to find oil and natural gas in the region were taken. October 23, 1940, Ostyko-Vogul national okrug was renamed Khanty-Mansi national okrug and Ostyko-Vogulsk was renamed Khanty-Mansiysk. August 14, 1944, the region became part of Tyumen Oblast. On January 27, 1950, Khanty-Mansiysk became a city.

On September 21, 1953, in Berezovo, the first natural gas in Western Siberia was produced. On June 23, 1960, the first oil in Western Siberia was discovered near Shaim. This was followed by the discovery of many other oil and natural gas fields. Along with the industrial exploitation of oil and gas fields, the timber industry developed rapidly.

By the end of the 20th century, under the influence of demographic and socio-economic developments the Khanty-Mansi region in fact lost its national basis. On July 25, 2003, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug was renamed Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra.

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra views

Rest on the lake in Yugra

Author: O.Frolov

Golden autumn in the Khanty-Mansy region

Author: Leonid Karpushin

Beautiful nature of Yugra

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra - Features

The name of the region is associated with the self-names of the two main groups of northern peoples - Khanty and Mansi. In the Middle Ages, the word “Yugra” was used to refer to peoples and lands beyond the Northern Urals.

This region, located in the middle of Russia, occupies the central part of the West Siberian Plain. Its territory stretches from west to east for almost 1,400 km, from north to south for 900 km. The area of the region is comparable to France or Ukraine.

The climate is temperate continental characterized by rapid change of weather especially in spring and autumn. Winters are long, snowy and cold with frosts below minus 30 degrees Celsius. Summers are short and warm. From the west this region is protected by the Ural mountains, from the north it is open to cold arctic air.

The highest points of the region are Mount Narodnaya (1,895 m) in the Polar Urals and Mount Pedy (1,010 m) in the Northern Urals. Two major rivers flow in Khanty-Mansi autonomous okrug: the Ob (3,650 km) and its tributary the Irtysh (3,580 km). About 30% of the territory is covered by swamps. There are more than 300,000 lakes surrounded by marshes and forests.

The largest cities of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra are Surgut (396,000), Nizhnevartovsk (280,800), Nefteyugansk (128,700), Khanty-Mansiysk (106,000), Kogalym (69,200), Nyagan (58,500). Today, only about 32,000 people are representatives of indigenous peoples: Khanty, Mansi and Nenets. Half of them live in the traditional way.

This region is very rich in oil and natural gas. The largest oil and natural gas fields are Samotlorskoye, Fedorovskoye, Mamontovskoye, Priobskoye. There are also deposits of gold, coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, lead and other mineral resources.

The climate is not favorable for agriculture. Most of the agricultural products and foodstuffs is brought from other Russian regions. Waterways and railways are the main shipping ways. The total length of the pipeline network is 107,000 km.

About 60% of Russian oil is produced in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra. In total, more than 10 billion tons of oil were produced here. The total number of oil and natural gas fields discovered is 475. In the coming decades, the Khanty-Mansi region will remain the main resource base of hydrocarbons in Russia.

Tourism in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra

Yugra has unique natural, cultural and historical resources for the development of recreation and tourism. On the territory of the region there are historical and cultural monuments, as well as modern infrastructure for lovers of cultural, educational, recreational tourism, and outdoor activities. International events (sports competitions, festivals and forums) help to open this place to foreigners as an amazing corner of the globe.

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra has a number of wonderful natural sites worthy of attention: two nature reserves (“Malaya Sosva” and “Yugansky”), four nature parks (“Samarovsky Chugas”, “Siberian ridges”, “Numto”, “Kondinskie lakes”), ten monuments of nature, archeological complexes (“Barsova Mountain”, “Saygatino”, Sherkaly settlement).

Holidays of the northern peoples are also popular among tourists: Reindeer Herder’s Day, Day of indigenous Peoples of the North “Crow day”, Fisherman’s Day, Bear holiday and others.

Active and extreme types of tourism (skiing, snowboarding, kiting) are gaining in popularity. There are seven ski resorts in the region. In summer, travelers can go rafting on mountain rivers of Siberia. Tourists can also go on a special oil tour that includes a visit to the oil-producing companies. They learn about the oil industry and the history of oil exploration in Siberia.

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra is a region of endless charm of the beautiful nature and modern tourist facilities. True lovers of northern landscapes and local cultures will be able to fully enjoy the incomparable scenery and generous hospitality in Ugra.

Khanty-Mansi okrug of Russia photos

Khanty-mansi autonomous okrug scenery.

Road through autumn forest in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Deep winter snow is not a problem in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Author: Chernenko

Yugra scenery

Author: Sergej Fedotov

Pictures of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra

Winter in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Orthodox church in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Author: Alexey Borodko

Church in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Author: Peter Sobolev

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Nizhnevartovsk Airport

Nizhnevartovsk, khanty-mansiysk autonomous okrug – ugra, russia.

60.949299 60° 56' 57.47" N

76.483597 76° 29' 0.949" E

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2024-08-20T09:26:28

2024-08-20T14:26:28+05:00

Asia/Yekaterinburg

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‘Omni Loop’ Trailer: Ayo Edebiri and Mary-Louise Parker Unlock Quantum Physics in a Time Travel Comedy

Ryan lattanzio, deputy editor, film.

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“Groundhog Day,” but make it about an inescapable terminal illness. In writer/director Bernardo Britto’s “ Omni Loop ,” Mary-Louise Parker plays a quantum physicist who learns she has only a week to live. Except she learns that many times over, and as she says in the trailer, “This has happened before. Many times.” IndieWire shares the exclusive trailer for “Omni Loop,” which premiered at SXSW and will hit theaters from Magnolia this fall, below.

The cast also includes Hannah Pearl Utt, Chris Witaske, Carlos Jacott, Harris Yulin, Steven Maier, and Eddie Cahill.

At SXSW, Mary-Louise Parker was praised for carrying the heavier emotions of the movie as a woman faced with the totality of death. “Omni Loop” isn’t far from some of the “Weeds” star’s best stage work in that sense, from playing a mathematician struggling with mental illness in “Proof” or a terminally sick Ivy League professor who decides to take her own life in “The Sound Inside.” Except, of course, “Omni Loop” is also a sci-fi comedy, which means we have “The Bear” and “Bottoms” star Ayo Edebiri to help bring a comic lightness to the proceedings.

From IndieWire’s review out of SXSW : “Writer-director Bernardo Britto’s latest is one of those lo-fi sci-fi movies that weaves the impossible into the mundane texture of everyday life — which tracks with his previous work, which includes a tenure as a staff writer on ‘Los Espookys ‘ and the 2016 mockumentary ‘Jacqueline Argentine.'”

Magnolia Pictures will release “Omni Loop” in theaters and on digital September 20, 2024. Watch the exclusive trailer below.

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