case study questions class 9 history chapter 2

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Question 1 - Case Based Questions - Chapter 2 Class 9 History - Socialism in Europe & Russian Revolution - History

Last updated at April 16, 2024 by Teachoo

Read the source given below and answer the following questions

After February In April 1917, the Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin returned to Russia from his exile. He and the Bolsheviks had opposed the war since 1914. Now he felt it was time for Soviets to take over power. He declared that the war be brought to a close, land be transferred to the peasants and banks be nationalised. These three demands were Lenin's 'April Theses'. He also argued that the Bolshevik Party rename itself the Communist Party to indicate its new radical aims. Most others in the Bolshevik Party were initially surprised by the April Theses. They thought that the time was not yet ripe for a socialist revolution and the Provisional Government needed to be supported. But the developments of the subsequent months changed their attitude.

Question 1.1

Who returned to russia from exile and when.

The Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin returned to Russia from exile in April 1917.

Question 1.2

How many demands were there in lenin’s april thesis.

Lenin’s April Thesis had three demands .

Question 1.3

Lenin argued that bolshevik party should rename itself to.

From the paragraph

He also argued that the Bolshevik Party rename itself the Communist Party to indicate its new radical aims.

Lenin argued that Bolshevik Party should rename itself to the Communist Party.

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Case Study Questions for Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

• Last modified on: 1 year ago
• Reading Time: 4 Minutes

Case Study Questions

Question 1:

Read the following source carefully and answer the questions that follows:

On Sunday, 25th February, the government suspended the Duma. Politicians spoke out against the measure. Demonstrators returned in force to the streets of the left bank on the 26th. On the 27th, the Police

Headquarters were ransacked. The streets thronged with people raising slogans about bread, wages, better hours and democracy. The government tried to control the situation and called out the cavalry once again. However, the cavalry refused to fire on the demonstrators. An officer was shot at the barracks of a regiment and three other regiments mutinied, voting to join the striking workers. By that evening, soldiers and striking workers had gathered to form a ‘soviet’ or ‘council’ in the same building as the Duma met. This was the Petrograd Soviet. The very next day, a delegation went to see the Tsar. Military commanders advised him to abdicate. He followed their advice and abdicated on 2 March. Soviet leaders and Duma leaders formed a Provisional Government to run the country. Russia’s future would be decided by a constituent assembly, elected on the basis of universal adult suffrage. Petrograd had led the February Revolution that brought down the monarchy in February 1917.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

(i) When did the government suspend the Duma? (A) 26th February (B) 25th February (C) 28th February (D) 27th February

(ii) The Police Headquarters were ransacked on: (A) 27th (B) 25th (C) 24th (D) 28th

(iii) The Tsar was advised by: (A) Governor (B) Ministry (C) Military Commanders (D) President

(iv) Petrograd had led __________Revolution. (A) October (B) March (C) November (D) February

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Class 9 Social Science Case Study Questions

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If you’re seeking Class 9 Social Science Case Study Questions, you’ve come to the correct spot. Students can use Class 9 Social Science Case Study Questions to help them answer a variety of questions about the Class 9 Social Science case study.

The CBSE Board has included case study questions in Class 9 Social Science examination pattern. As a result, it becomes an indispensable study tool.

The need for a student-friendly app to explain and facilitate the understanding of the social sciences subject has been felt for a long. Especially for students who do not have a strong foundation in Class 9 Social Science. With myCBSEguide , class 9 social science students now have a place where they can find resources that are student-friendly, interesting and easy to understand.

Class 9 Social Science Case Study questions are intended to assess student’s abilities to apply their learning to practical scenarios. You’ll need to employ your critical thinking and problem-solving skills to come up with the best solution. Class 9 Social Science case study questions are designed to test your knowledge and help you improve your skills.

Class 9 Social Science Case Study Questions Samples

myCBSEguide has identified the essential themes connected to CBSE case study questions for Class 9 Social Science that every student should be aware of following a comprehensive examination of CBSE Sample Papers and Marking Scheme. Students in Class 9 Social Science will benefit from this information in understanding the changes in the Class 9 Social Science. For a better understanding and analysis, students should refer to the example of Class 9 Social Science case study questions attached below:

Class 9 Social Science Case Study Question 1

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow: On the morning of 14 July 1789, the city of Paris was in a state of alarm. The king had commanded troops to move into the city. Rumours spread that he would soon order the army to open fire upon the citizens. Some 7,000 men and women gathered in front of the town hall and decided to form a peoples’ militia. They broke into a number of government buildings in search of arms. Finally, a group of several hundred people marched towards the eastern part of the city and stormed the fortress-prison, the Bastille, where they hoped to find hoarded ammunition. In the armed fight that followed, the commander of the Bastille was killed and the prisoners released – though there were only seven of them. Yet the Bastille was hated by all because it stood for the despotic power of the king. The fortress was demolished and its stone fragments were sold in the markets to all those who wished to keep a souvenir of its destruction. The days that followed saw more rioting both in Paris and the countryside. Most people were protesting against the high price of bread. Much later, when historians looked back upon this time, they saw it as the beginning of a chain of events that ultimately led to the execution of the king in France, though most people at the time did not anticipate this outcome. Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

On 14th July, 1789 the people of the ________ estate attacked the Bastille prison and freed all the prisoners signalling the start of the _________.

• first, civil war
• fourth, Russian war
• second, movement
• third, revolution

Which of the following statement is incorrect?

• The Bastille was the fortress-prison.
• The Bastille stood for the democratic power of the king.
• On the morning of 14 July 1789, the people of Paris stormed Bastille
• All are correct

In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct option: Assertion (A): The people of France storm the Bastille. Reason (R): They were hopeful to find King Louis XIV and commander of the Bastille there.

• Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
• Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
• A is correct but R is wrong.
• Both A and R are wrong.

What was the immediate cause of rioting in Paris?

• Atrocities by the commander
• The high price of bread
• The killing of women and children
• All of these

Answer Key:

• (d) third, revolution
• (b) The Bastille stood for the democratic power of the king. [Explanation: The Bastille stood for the despotic power of the king.]
• (c) A is correct but R is wrong. [Explanation: The people of France stormed the fortress-prison, the Bastille because they were hopeful to find hoarded ammunition there.]
• (b) high price of bread

Class 9Social Science Case Study Question 2

Read the extracts and answer the question that follows:

The Himalayas, geologically young and structurally fold mountains stretch over the Himalayas northern borders of India. These mountain ranges run in a west-east direction from the Indus to the Brahmaputra. The Himalayas represent the loftiest and one of the most rugged mountain barriers of the world. They form an arc, which covers a distance of about 2,400 Km. Their width varies from 400 Km in Kashmir to 150 Km in Arunachal Pradesh. The altitudinal variations are greater in the eastern half than those in the western half. The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. The northern most range is known as the Great or Inner Himalayas. It is the most continuous range consisting of the loftiest peaks with an average height of 6,000 metres. It contains all the prominent Himalayan peaks.

The folds of Great Himalayas are asymmetrical in nature. The core of this part of Himalayas is composed of granite. It is perennially snow bound, and a number of glaciers descend from this range.

• The Great or Inner Himalayas is also known as?
• Give two features of the folds of Great Himalayas.
• Give two features of the Inner Himalayas.
• The Great or Inner Himalayas is also known as the ‘Himadri’.
• (Any two relevant points)
• The folds of Great Himalayas are asymmetrical in nature.
• The core of this part of Himalayas is composed of granite.
• It is perennially snow bound, and a number of glaciers descend from this range.
• Features of the Inner Himalayas:
• It is the most continuous range consisting of the loftiest peaks with an average height of 6,000 metres.
• It contains all the prominent Himalayan peaks.  

Class 9 Social Science Case Study Question 3

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow: In Pakistan, General Pervez Musharraf led a military coup in October 1999. He overthrew a democratically elected government and declared himself the ‘Chief Executive’ of the country. Later he changed his designation to President and in 2002 held a referendum in the country that granted him a five-year extension. Pakistani media, human rights organisations and democracy activists said that the referendum was based on malpractices and fraud. In August 2002 he issued a ‘Legal Framework Order’ that amended the Constitution of Pakistan. According to this Order, the President can dismiss the national and provincial assemblies. The work of the civilian cabinet is supervised by a National Security Council which is dominated by military officers. After passing this law, elections were held to the national and provincial assemblies. So Pakistan has had elections, elected representatives have some powers. But the final power rested with military officers and General Musharraf himself. Clearly, there are many reasons why Pakistan under General Musharraf should not be called a democracy. People may have elected their representatives to the national and provincial assemblies but those elected representatives were not really the rulers. They cannot take the final decisions. The power to take final decision rested with army officials and with General Musharraf, and none of them were elected by the people. This happens in many dictatorships and monarchies. They formally have an elected parliament and government but the real power is with those who are not elected. In a few countries, the real power was with some external powers and not with locally elected representatives. This cannot be called people’s rule. Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

What is the meaning of Referendum?

• Direct vote in which the entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal
• A form of government in which the rulers are elected by the people
• A system where the majority or elected representatives are allowed to take decisions on behalf of all the people

In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct option: Assertion (A): Pakistan not considered a democratic country even after having elections Reason (R): Despite elections to the national and provincial assemblies, the final powers rested with General Musharraf and military officers.

• Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
• Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
• A is wrong but R is correct.

After the passage of the ________, elections were held to the national and state assemblies.

• Military rule
• Legal Framework Order
• Both (b) and (c)

Does the given source explain the significance of which feature of democracy?

• Democracy must be based on a free and fair election
• In a democracy, the final decision-making power must rest with those elected by the people
• In a democracy, each adult citizen must have one vote
• Democratic government rules within limits set by constitutional law and citizens’ rights
• (a) Direct vote in which the entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal
• (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
• (c) Legal Framework Order
• (b) In a democracy, the final decision-making power must rest with those elected by the people

Steps to Master Class 9 Social Science Case Study Questions

Class 9 Social Science case study questions can be daunting, but there are some strategies you can use to ace them. There is no one-size-fits-all answer to Class 9 social science case study questions. The best way to solve a social science case study will vary depending on the specific case in question. However, there are some general tips that can be followed in order to improve your chances of success while answering class 9 social science case study questions.

• First, make sure to read the question carefully and understand what is being asked. It is often helpful to re-read the question after gathering all of your information.
• Next, organize your thoughts and create an outline of your answer. This will help you to stay on track and include all relevant information.
• Finally, write your answer in a clear and concise manner.

Class 9 Social Science Content Structure

Class 9 social science content is divided into four parts: History, Geography, Economics and Political Science. Each part is further divided into smaller themes/chapters.

Each of these topics given in Class 9 Social Science is important in its own right, and together they provide a comprehensive overview that affect our world today. The content is structured in such a way as to provide Class 9 Social Science students with a broad understanding of each issue, while also allowing them to focus on specific areas that are of particular interest to Class 9 Social Science students.

Class 9 Social Science COURSE CONTENT 

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CBSE Case Based Questions for Class 9 Social Science - Pdf PDF Download

CBSE Case Study Questions for Class 9 Social Science

Case based questions  are a type of exam question designed to assess the student’s ability to apply information from the Social Science syllabus in a practical situation. These questions typically involve the student being given a brief scenario or case study and then asked to answer questions based on the data provided.

The purpose of case based questions is to test the student's analytical and problem solving skills, as well as their knowledge of the Social Science syllabus. In addition, they allow teachers to assess the student’s ability to think critically and creatively in order to come up with effective solutions. Case based questions also help to ensure that students have a better understanding of how their knowledge can be applied in real-world situations.

Case based questions should be tailored to the specific grade level and topic under consideration. For example, a case-based question for Class 9 Social Science might involve the student analyzing a historical event or analyzing the impact of a government policy. The key is to provide the student with enough information to understand the scenario and formulate an appropriate response.

Case Based Questions For Class 9 History

Case-based questions for Class 9 History are a type of question that is based on a particular case study or event related to a historical event or period. These questions require students to apply their understanding of the historical context and analyze the case study to answer the questions. Case-based questions usually require students to identify the main issues or problems highlighted in the case study, evaluate the different perspectives or opinions presented, and make an informed judgment or conclusion based on the evidence presented. These questions test not only the student's knowledge of historical events but also their critical thinking and analytical skills.

Chapter Wise Case Based Questions for Class 9 History 

Chapter-wise case-based questions for Class 9 History are a set of questions that are based on a specific chapter or topic in the history textbook. These questions are designed to help students apply their understanding of historical events and concepts to specific case studies or scenarios.

The CBSE Class 9 Case Based Questions can be accessed from Chapetrwise Links provided below:

Chapter 1: The French Revolution

• Case Based Questions: The French Revolution

Chapter 2: Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

• Case Based Questions: Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

Chapter 3: Nazism and the Rise of Hitler

• Case Based Questions: Nazism and the Rise of Hitler

Chapter 4: Forest Society and Colonialism

Chapter 5: Pastoralists in the Modern World

Case Based Questions For Class 9 Geography

Case-based questions for Class 9 Geography are a type of question that requires students to apply their understanding of geography concepts and analyze a particular case study related to a geographical phenomenon. These questions often require students to analyze a specific situation or scenario related to a geographical concept or phenomenon and answer the questions based on their understanding of the concept and the given situation.

Chapter Wise Case Based Questions for Class 9 Geography

Chapter-wise case-based questions for Class 9 Geography are a set of questions that are based on a specific chapter or topic in the geography textbook. These questions are designed to help students apply their understanding of geographical concepts and phenomena to specific case studies or scenarios. The CBSE Class 9 Case Based Questions can be accessed from Chapetrwise Links provided below:

Chapter 1: India – Size and Location

• Case Based Questions: India – Size and Location

Chapter 2: Physical Features of India

• Case Based Questions: Physical Features of India

Chapter 3: Drainage

• Case Based Questions: Drainage

Chapter 4: Climate

• Case Based Questions: Climate

Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife

• Case Based Questions: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife

Chapter 6: Population

Case Based Questions For Class 9 Political Science

Case-based questions for Class 9 Political Science are a type of question that requires students to apply their understanding of political science concepts and analyze a particular case study related to a political phenomenon. These questions often require students to analyze a specific situation or scenario related to a political concept or phenomenon and answer the questions based on their understanding of the concept and the given situation.

Chapter Wise Case Based Questions for Class 9 Political Science

Chapter-wise case-based questions for Class 9 Political Science are a set of questions based on specific chapters or topics covered in the political science textbook. These questions are designed to help students apply their understanding of political science concepts to real-world situations and events.

Chapter 1: What is Democracy? Why Democracy?

• Case Based Questions: What is Democracy? Why Democracy?

Chapter 2: Constitutional Design

• Case Based Questions: Constitutional Design

Chapter 3: Electoral Politics

• Case Based Questions: Electoral Politics

Chapter 4: Working of Institutions

• Case Based Questions: Working of Institutions

Chapter 5: Democratic Rights

Case Based Questions For Class 9 Economics

Case-based questions for Class 9 Economics are a type of question that requires students to apply their understanding of economic concepts and analyze a particular case study related to an economic phenomenon. These questions often require students to analyze a specific situation or scenario related to an economic concept or phenomenon and answer the questions based on their understanding of the concept and the given situation.

Chapter Wise Case Based Questions for Class 9 Economics

Chapter-wise case-based questions for Class 9 Economics are a set of questions based on specific chapters or topics covered in the economics textbook. These questions are designed to help students apply their understanding of economic concepts to real-world situations and events.

Chapter 1: The Story of Village Palampur

• Case Based Questions: The Story of Village Palampur

Chapter 2: People as Resource

• Case Based Questions: People as Resource

Chapter 3: Poverty as a Challenge

• Case Based Questions: Poverty as a Challenge

Chapter 4: Food Security in India

Weightage of Case Based Questions in Class 9 Social Science

Why are Case Study Questions important in Social Science Class 9?

• Enhance critical thinking:  Case study questions require students to analyze a real-life scenario and think critically to identify the problem and come up with possible solutions. This enhances their critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
• Apply theoretical concepts:  Case study questions allow students to apply theoretical concepts that they have learned in the classroom to real-life situations. This helps them to understand the practical application of the concepts and reinforces their learning.
• Develop decision-making skills:  Case study questions challenge students to make decisions based on the information provided in the scenario. This helps them to develop their decision-making skills and learn how to make informed decisions.
• Improve communication skills:  Case study questions often require students to present their findings and recommendations in written or oral form. This helps them to improve their communication skills and learn how to present their ideas effectively.
• Enhance teamwork skills:  Case study questions can also be done in groups, which helps students to develop teamwork skills and learn how to work collaboratively to solve problems.

In summary, case study questions are important in Class 9 because they enhance critical thinking, apply theoretical concepts, develop decision-making skills, improve communication skills, and enhance teamwork skills. They provide a practical and engaging way for students to learn and apply their knowledge and skills to real-life situations.

Class 9 Social Science Curriculum at Glance

The Class 9 Social Science curriculum in India covers a wide range of topics and concepts. Here is a brief overview of the Social Science curriculum at a glance:

• History:  The History section includes topics such as the French Revolution, Nazism and the rise of Hitler, socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution, and the Indian National Movement.
• Geography:  The Geography section includes topics such as India-Size and Location, Physical Features of India, Drainage, Climate, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife, Population, and Human Resource.
• Political Science:  The Political Science section includes topics such as Democracy in the Contemporary World, Constitutional Design, Electoral Politics, Working of Institutions, and Democratic Rights.
• Economics:  The Economics section includes topics such as The Story of Village Palampur, People as Resource, Poverty as a Challenge, Food Security in India, and Globalisation and the Indian Economy.

The Class 9 Social Science curriculum is designed to provide a strong foundation in social sciences and prepare students for higher education in the field. The curriculum is structured to develop critical thinking, problem-solving, and analytical skills, and to promote the application of social science concepts in real-life situations. The curriculum is also designed to help students understand the socio-economic and political structures of India and the world and prepare them for active participation in society.

Students can also access Case Based Questions of all subjects of CBSE Class 9

• Case Based Questions for Class 9 Maths
• Case Based Questions for Class 9 Science
• Case Based Questions for Class 9 English
• Case Based Questions for Class 9 Hindi
• Case Based Questions for Class 9 Sanskrit

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Case Based Questions for Class 9 Social Science

What are case-based questions in social science.

Case-based questions in social science are problem-solving tasks that require students to apply their knowledge and understanding of social science concepts and theories to real-world situations or scenarios.

How are case-based questions different from traditional social science questions?

Traditional social science questions typically focus on testing students' knowledge of specific facts, concepts, and theories. Case-based questions, on the other hand, require students to use their knowledge and understanding to analyze and interpret real-world situations and make informed decisions.

What are some common types of case-based questions in class 9 social science?

Common types of case-based questions in class 9 social science include analyzing historical events, interpreting data and statistics, and evaluating the impact of social policies and programs.

How can students prepare for case-based questions in social science?

To prepare for case-based questions in social science, students should practice analyzing real-world scenarios and interpreting data and statistics. They should also work on developing their critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

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Home » 9th Class » NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution | Question Answer PDF

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution | Question Answer PDF

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution has been published by Aglasem. You can now download the Class 9 History Ch 2 Questions and Answers PDF here. This NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History contains answers of all questions asked in Chapter 2 in textbook, India and The Contemporary World I . Therefore you can refer it to solve Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution exercise questions and learn more about the topic.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

Class – Class 9 Subject – History Chapter – Ch 2 Chapter Name – Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution Book – India and The Contemporary World I Study Material – NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 2 PDF

While you can read NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Ch 2 for all exercises here on aglasem. You can also download this NCERT Solutions PDF to refer ncer question answer at anytime when you study Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution. Here it is.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 2 PDF Download Link – Click Here to Download Solutions PDF

How to download NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 2 PDF?

You can download the complete NCERT solutions for chapter 2 of this NCERT Book i.e. India and The Contemporary World I with following steps.

• First search NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Ch 2 PDF aglasem and come to this page.
• Now you will see the exercise questions answers of Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution and download pdf link on it.
• Click the Download PDF link to obtain the Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution questions with answers document.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History

There are more chapters to study besides Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution in this subject. So here are NCERT solutions for all topics of History taught in 9th class here at aglasem.

• History – India and The Contemporary World I
• Chapter 1 The French Revolution
• Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution
• Chapter 3 Nazism and the Rise of Hitler
• Chapter 4 Forest Society and Colonialism
• Chapter 5 Pastoralists In The Modern World
• Civics – Democratic Politics I
• Chapter 1 What Is Democracy? Why Democracy?
• Chapter 2 Constitutional Design
• Chapter 3 Electoral Politics
• Chapter 4 Working Of Institutions
• Chapter 5 Democratic Rights
• Geography – Contemporary India I
• Chapter 1 India – Size and Location
• Chapter 2 Physical Features of India
• Chapter 3 Drainage
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Class 9 History Chapter 2 Important Questions Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution important questions and answers cover the major concepts of the chapter. Solving answers of these important questions help students to revise the Chapter most competently. We prepared these questions with PDF as per the latest NCERT book and CBSE syllabus. Practising these questions before the exam will ensure excellent marks in the exam.

Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution Class 9 Important Questions

1. How did Social Democrats disagree with Social Revolutionaries?

Answer:  (a) (i) Socialist Revolutionary Party was formed in 1900. (ii) They were in favour of peasants’ rights. (iii) They demanded that land belonging to the nobles be transferred to peasants. (b) (i) Socialist Democrats disagreed with Socialist Revolutionaries about peasants. (ii) Lenin felt that peasants were not one united group because there were poor, rich, labourers and capitalists among them. So they could not all be the part of a socialist movement.

2. Explain consequences of the February Revolution of 1917 in Russia.

Answer:  Consequences of the February Revolution of 1917 in Russia are as mentioned below: (i) Tsar abdicated on 2 March. (ii) Soviet leaders and Duma leaders formed a provisional government to run the country. (iii) It was agreed that Russia’s future would be decided by a constituent assembly, elected on the basis of universal adult suffrage. (iv) The provisional government removed restrictions on public meetings and associations. (v) Soviets, like the Petrograd Soviet, were set up everywhere, though no common system of election was followed.

3. Liberals were not Democrats. Explain. OR Why do we say that liberals could not be called ‘democrats’?

Answer:  The liberals could not be called democrats because even though they argued for are presentative, elected parliamentary government, subject to laws interpreted by a well-trained judiciary that was independent of rulers and officials, they did not believe in universal adult franchise and also did not want the voting rights for women. They felt right to vote should only be given to the propertied men.

4. How did Social Democrats disagree with Socialist-Revolutionaries?    [CBSE 2016]

Answer:  Social Democrats disagreed with Socialist Revolutionaries in the following ways. (a) Social Democrats believed workers to be the main force of revolution whereas Socialist Revolutionaries argued that peasants would be the revolutionary class. (b) Social Democrats wanted benefits for the workers and control on the factors of production. Socialist Revolutionaries, on the other hand, demanded land to the peasants. (c) Social Democrats felt that peasants were not a united group as they were rich and poor and many owned large tracts of land. Socialist Revolutionaries favoured peasants as natural socialists.

5. What was the difference between Bolshevik and Menshevik group?    [CBSE 2016] OR Who were the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks?

Answer:  The Bolsheviks were the majority group led by Vladimir Lenin who thought that in a repressive society like Tsarist Russia, the party should be disciplined and control the number and quality of its members. They were the group who conducted the Russian Revolution. Mensheviks, on the other hand, were the minority group who thought that the party should be open to all. They did not believe in revolution but wanted to bring changes through democratic means.

6. Discuss Lenin’s ‘April Theses’.    [CBSE 2016] OR What were the demands referred to in Lenin’s ‘April Theses’?

Answer:   The following were the demands referred to in Lenin’s April Theses’. (a) World War I should be brought to an end. (b) Land should be transferred to the peasants. (c) Banks should be nationalised .

7. Describe the sequence of events responsible for the Revolution of 1905 in Russia.

Answer:  The sequence of events responsible for the Revolution of 1905 in Russia was as given below: (i) Autocracy:  There was autocracy in Russia. Liberals, Social Democrats and Socialist Revolutionaries demanded a constitution. (ii) The year 1904:  Prices rose and wages declined. (iii) Dismissal of four workers of the Assembly of Russian Workers was the immediate cause that led to workers’ strike. (iv) Demands:  They demanded a reduction in the working day to eight hours, an increase in wages and improvement in working conditions. (v) Bloody Sunday:  A procession of workers led by Father Gapon was attacked by the police killing 100 workers. This led to a series of events that became known the 1905 Revolution.  (vi) Results:  (a) The Tsar allowed the creation of an elected consultative Parliament or Duma. (b) A large number of trade unions and factory committees of factory workers came into existence.

8. Briefly describe the general impact of First World War on Russia.

Answer:  General impact of the First World War was as mentioned below: (i) Initially the war was popular and people rallied around Tsar. (ii) As the war continued, the support became less as Tsar did not consult the main parties in the Duma. (iii) Defeat of Russian armies in Germany and Austria. (iv) By 1917 there were 7 million casualties. (v) As Germany controlled the Baltic Sea, Russian industries could not get supplies. Similarly there was break down of the railway lines and shortage of labour as most of them were fighting the First World War. (vi) On their retreat, the Russian army destroyed crops and buildings to prevent the enemy from being able to live off the land. The destruction of crops and buildings led to over 3 million refugees in Russia.

9. Describe global impact of the Russian Revolution.

Answer:  (i) In many countries, communist parties were formed e.g., the Communist Party of Great Britain. (ii) The Bolsheviks encouraged colonial people to fight against imperialism. (iii) Many non-Russians from outside the USSR participated in the Conference of the People of the East (1920) and the Bolsheviks founded Committee which was an international union of pro-Bolshevik socialist parties. (iv) Some received education in the USSR’s Communist University of the Workers of the East. (v) By the time of the outbreak of the Second World War, the USSR had given socialism a global face which eventually led to the rise of cold war in Europe.

10. Why did the Bolshevik Party accept the April Theses’? Give any five reasons.

Answer:  Bolshevik Party accepted the April Theses’ because of the following reasons. (a) The Provisional Government under Kerenskii failed to fulfil the aspirations of the people like land to the tiller, peace, control of industries by the workers, etc. Rather it became more unpopular. (b) The government was under the influence of landowners, army officials and industrialists that affected its decisions. (c) Lenin felt that time had come to seize the power from the government. (d) People’s demands were included in the programme along with exit from the war and nationalisation of banks. (e) Lenin’s view was accepted when the Provisional Government began suppressing the Bolsheviks.

11. Differentiate between the ideas of the liberals and radicals in Europe (take the time period after the French Revolution).

Answer:   The liberals did not believe in universal franchise. In contrast, radicals wanted a nation in which government was based on the majority of a country’s population. Liberals felt men of prosperity mainly should have the vote. They did not want the vote for women. On the other hand the radicals supported women’s suffrage movements and opposed the privileges of great landowners and wealthy factory owners. They were not against the existence of private property but disliked concentration of property in the hands of a few.

12. Why do we say that liberals during this time could not be called ‘democrats’?

Answer:   The liberals opposed the uncontrolled power of dynastic rulers and wanted to safeguard the rights of individuals against governments. They also argued for a representative, elected parliamentary government, subject to laws interpreted by a well-trained judiciary that was independent of rulers and officials. However, they could not be called democrats. They did not believe in universal adult franchise and also did not want the vote for women. They felt right to vote should only be for men of property.

13. How should society, according to liberals and radicals, develop?

Answer:  Liberals and radicals were often property owners and employers. Having acquired wealth through industrial ventures and trade, they firmly believed that such efforts should be encouraged — that its profits would be reaped if the work force in the economy was healthy and citizens were educated. They put forth that societies could develop if the poor could labour, freedom of individuals was ensured and those with capital could operate without restraint.

14. Why were socialists against private property and saw it as the root of all social ills?

Answer:  The people who propagated socialism said that individuals who owned property, did provide employment to many people but they were concerned with personal gains only and did not bother about the welfare of the people. They felt that if society controlled property, more attention would be paid to collective social interests.

15. Describe the incident known as ‘Bloody Sunday’.

Answer:  Over 110,000 workers in St. Petersburg went on strike in 1905, demanding a reduction in the working day to eight hours, an increase in wages and improvements in working conditions. When this procession reached the Winter Palace it was attacked by the police and the Cossacks. Over 100 workers were killed and about 300 wounded. This incident, known as Bloody Sunday, started a series of events that became known as the 1905 Revolution.

16. What effect did the war have on the industry of Russia.

Answer:  Russian industries were very few in number and the country was cut off from other suppliers of industrial goods by German control of the Baltic Sea. Industrial equipment disintegrated more rapidly in Russia than elsewhere in Europe. By 1916 railway lines began to break down. Able bodied men were called up to the war. As a result, there were labour shortages and small workshops producing essential commodities were shut down.

17. Why was the decision to collectivise farms taken?

Answer:  It was thought that rich peasants and traders in the countryside were holding stocks in the hope of higher prices. This created a shortage. As shortage continued, the decision was taken to collectivise farms as Lenin felt that the small size of farms caused the shortage. They also felt that these small size farms could not be modernised. They felt that the need of the hour was to develop modern farms and run them along industrial lines with machinery.

18. “By the 1950s it was acknowledged within the country that the style of government in the USSR was not in keeping with the ideals of the Russian Revolution.” Why was this said?

Answer:  By the 1950s it was acknowledged within the country that the style of government in the USSR was not in keeping with the ideals of the Russia Revolution. Russia, a backward country, had become a great power. Its industries and agriculture had developed and the poor were being fed. But it had denied the essential freedoms to its citizens and carried out its developmental projects through repressive policies.

19. What was the role of the Tsar in the peasant revolt of 1905? Did the revolt fail? Discuss briefly.

Answer:  During the 1905 Revolution, the Tsar allowed the creation of an elected consultative parliament or Duma. The Tsar dismissed it within 75 days and re-elected. Second Duma : within 3 months. He did not want any questioning of his authority or any reduction in his power. He changed the voting laws and packed the third Duma with conservative politicians. Yes, the revolt failed.

20. Discuss the civil war that took place in Russia after the October Revolution and its consequences.

Answer:  When the Bolsheviks ordered land redistribution the Russian army began to break up. Non- Bolshevik socialists, liberals and supporters or autocracy condemned the Bolshevik uprising. They were supported by the French, American, British and Japanese troops. The Bolsheviks kept industries and banks nationalised during the civil war. A process of centralised planning was introduced. Rapid construction and industrialisation started. An extended schooling system developed. Stalin introduced collectivisation of the farms so that no shortage of grain should occur. The Bolsheviks controlled most of the farmer of Russian Empire.

21. What was the basic principle of the Marxist theory?

Answer:  Marx believed that the conditions of workers could not improve as long as profit was accumulated by private capitalists. Workers had to overthrow capitalism and the rule of private property. Workers must construct a radically socialist society where all property was socially controlled. This would be a communist society and a Communist Party was the natural society of the future.

22. Discuss briefly the Five Years Plans.

Answer:  A process of centralised planning was introduced. Officials assessed how the economy could work and set targets for a five-year period, on this basis they made the five-year plans The government fixed all prices to promote industrial growth during the first two plans (1927-32 and 1933-38) centralised planning led to economic growth.

23. Explain why did the Bolsheviks considered the Russian revolution as only the “first stage” of the revolution.

Answer:  The Bolsheviks considered the Russian revolution as only the ‘first stage’ of revolution because merely seizing power was not their ultimate aim. They aimed at an egalitarian society. The next stage of the revolution included redistribution of land, nationalisation of industries and banks, collective farming. The power of the pro-Tsarist aristocracy had to be crushed. Rich peasants had to be forced to redistribute land. Their ultimate aim was to establish the rule of the proletariat – the peasants and workers.

24. What made the Tsar the ‘Autocrat of all the Russians’? Describe the steps he took just before the Russian Revolution.

Answer:  The Tsar was not subject to parliament. Liberals in Russia campaigned to end this state of affairs. All political parties were illegal in Russia before 1914. The Russian Social Democratic Workers Party founded in 1898 operated as an illegal organisation. Russia under Tsar Nicholas II was an autocracy.

25. Why did the Tsarist autocracy collapse in 1917?

Answer:  Anti-German sentiments were high. St. Petersburg (a German name) was renamed Petrograd. Tsarina Alexandra’s German origin and poor advisors made the autocracy unpopular. The defeats in the World War I were shocking – seven million casualties and three million refugees by 1917. This situation discredited the government and the Tsar. There was shortage of food, people were rioting as bread and flour became scarce. The large Russian army shifted its loyalty and began supporting the revolutionaries, Tsarist power collapsed.

26. Mention the demands of the workers who went on strike at St. Petersburg in 1904.

Answer:  When four members of the Assembly of Russian Workers were dismissed, there was a call for industrial action. Over the next few days over 110,000 workers in St. Petersburg went on strike. Workers demanded a reduction in the working day to eight hours, an increase in wages and improvement in working conditions.

27. What was the impact of the First World War on the Russian economy?

Answer:  The war caused large supplies of grain to be sent to feed the army. For the people in the cities, bread and flour became scarce. By the writer of 1916, riots at bread shops were common. The workers in Leningrad were the worst sufferers as a severe winter added to their miserable conditions. The economic crisis led to Revolutions.

28. Mention the important steps taken by Lenin to improve the agriculture and economy of Russia.

Answer:  Lenin nationalist most industries and banks. He ordered land redistribution. He permitted peasants to cultivate the land that had been socialised centralised planning was introduced. Five year plans were made. The government fixed all prices during the First two year “plans”. There was increased production of oil, coal and steel. An extended schooling system developed, factory workers and peasants could go to universities. Communes were set up, members are in a communal dining hall and income was divided according to the principles of “cooperative commission”.

29. Why socialists were against private property?

Answer:  The possibility of a workers’ state fired people’s imagination across the world. In many countries, communist parties were formed, for example, the Communist Party of Great Britain. The Bolsheviks encouraged colonial peoples to follow their experiment. Many non-Russians outside USSR participated in the Conference of the Peoples of the East (1920) and the Bolsheviks founded Comintern. Some received education in the USSR’s Communist University of the Workers of the East. By the beginning of the second World War, the USSR had given socialism a global face and world stature.

30. What was Lenin’s April Theses? Why were some members of the Bolshevik Party surprised by the April Theses? What made them change their attitude? What were the main objectives of the Russian Revolutionaries?

Answer:  The three demands of Vladimir Lenin, after his return to Russia in April 1917′ were : (i) He and the Bolsheviks had opposed the war since 1914. He felt in 1917 that was should be brought to a close. (ii) Land should be transferred to the peasants. (iii) The banks should be nationalised and the party should be renamed “Communist Party”. These three demands were called Lenin’s “April Theses”.

Most of the members of the Bolshevik were initially surprised as they thought the time was not yet ripe for a socialist revolution and the provisional government needed to be supported. The developments of the subsequent months made the party change its attitude the workers movement spread, trade divisions grew in number the power of the provisional government grew weaker factories and reprised them. In the countryside peasants pressed for redistribution of land and encouraged by socialist revolution’s ideas peasants seized land between July and september 1917. This led to the change of view and the Bolsheviks decided to size power.

31. Why did the Kerensky government became unpopular in Russia?

Answer:  The Kerensky government tried to suppress the workers movement and the Bolshevik influence. It suppressed all demonstrations staged by Bolsheviks in July 1917. Many Bolsheviks had to go into hiding. Peasants in the countryside had started demanding redis. The Tribution of land. Kerensky was suspected of setting up a dictatorship and Lenin persuaded Petrograd Soviet and Bolshevik Party to agree to a socialist seizure of power. Kerensky had to leave the city to summon troops.

32. Mention any two changes introduced by Stalin in the Russian economy. How did Stalin deal with the critics?

Answer:  Stalin introduced the collectivisation. All peasants had to cultivate collective farms (Kolkohz) from 1929. The profit was shared by the peasants working on the land. Before collectivisation, Stalin took steps to eliminate ‘Kulaks’ – the well to do peasants. He took away land from them and established large state controlled farms. Stalin severely punished the critics of his programme. Many were deported and exiled. He charged his critics with conspiracy against socialism. By 1939, 2 million were put in prisons or labour camps. A large number were forced to make false statements under torture and were executed. Several among them were talented professionals.

33. What steps were taken to improve the condition of factory workers and peasants in Russia after the civil war?

Answer:  Five year plans were made to promote industrial growth. Industrial production was increased by 100 percent in oil, coal and steel. New factories were built. In Magnitogorsk a new steel plant was built in three years. Extended schooling system developed, creches were established in factories for the children of women workers, cheap public health care was provided. Model living quarters were built up for workers.

34. How did the destruction of Russian industries after the First World War become one of the causes of resentment of people?

Answer:  The First World War had a devastating impact on industries. Russia’s own industries were few in number and the country was cut off from other supplies of industrial goods by German control of the Baltic Sea. Industrial equipment disintegrated rapidly. By 1916, railway lines began to break down. Able bodied men were called up to the war. As a result, workshops producing essentials were shut down. Huge supplies of grain were sent to feed the army. For the people in cities, bread and flour became scarce. By the winter of 1916, riots at bread shops were common.

35. Discuss the relationship between peasants and nobles in Russia during early 19th century.

Answer:  Peasants cultivated most of the land. But the nobility, the crown and the church owned large properties. Except in few cases peasants had no respect for the nobility. Peasants wanted the land of the nobles to be distributed to them. Frequently peasants refused to pay rent and even murdered landlords. In 1902, such events occurred on a large scale in South Russia. In 1905 such incidents took place all over Russia.

36. Describe the three reforms introduced in Russia by Czar Nicholas II after the Revolution?

Answer:  (i) The Tsar allowed the creation of an elected consultative Parliament or Duma. (ii) Most committees and unions were declared illegal. Severe restrictions were placed on political activity. (iii) The Tsar dismissed the first Duma within 75 days and the re-elected second Duma within three months. He did not want any reduction in his power. He changed the voting laws and packed the third Duma with conservative politicians. Liberals and revolutionaries were kept out.

37. What were the different notions of Liberals, Radicals and Conservatives regarding formation of the new Government in Russia? Discuss.

Answer:  Liberals opposed the uncontrolled power of dynastic rulers. They wanted to safeguard the rights of individuals against governments. They argued for a representative elected parliamentary government with an independent judiciary. Radicals wanted a government based on the majority of a country’s population. Unlike liberals, they opposed the privileged of great landowners and wealthy factory owners. They disliked the idea of concentration of property in the hands of a few. Conservatives were opposed to radicals and liberals. They believed that the past had to be respected and change had to be brought about through a slow process.

38. What were the three main changes observed after the October Revolution in Russia?

Answer:  (i) Most industries and banks were nationalised in November 1917. The government took over their ownership and management. (ii) Land was declared social property and peasants were allowed to seize the land of the nobility. (iii) Large houses in cities were partitioned according to family requirements. Old titles of aristocracy were banned. New uniforms were designed for the army and officials.

39. Why socialists were against private property?

Answer:   Socialists saw private property as the root of all social ills of the time. Individuals owned the property that gave employment but the propertied were concerned only with personal gain and not with the welfare of those who made the property productive. So, according to them, if society as a whole rather than single individuals controlled property, more attention would be paid to collective social interests.

40. Explain how a society, according to socialists, can operate without property. What would be the basis of socialist society?

Answer:   Socialists had different visions of the future. Some such as Robert Owen, a leading English manufacturer, sought to build a co-operative community called New Harmony in Indiana (USA). Other socialists felt that co-operatives could not be built on a wide scale only through individual initiative. 

They wanted that governments must encourage co-operatives and replace capitalist enterprise. This was propagated by Louis Blanc in France. They said that cooperatives were to be associations of people who produced goods together and divided the profits according to the work done by members. More ideas were added to this body of arguments. 

These ideas were added by Karl Marx and Fredrich Engels. Marx argued that industrial society was capitalist. Capitalist owned the capital invested in factories. The profit which came to them through these factories was produced by the workers. The workers contributed to the profits but did not gain anything. 

Their condition could improve only if the workers freed themselves from capitalists exploitation. For this the workers needed to construct a radically socialist society where all property was socially controlled. This would be a communist society. The second International was the body termed to coordinate their efforts. 

41. What developments took place in Europe in support of socialism?

Answer:  By the 1870s the socialists formed an international body, namely the Second International to coordinate their efforts. Associations were formed by workers in Germany and England to fight for better living and working conditions. To help members in times of distress, they set up funds and demanded a reduction in working hours and the right to vote. In Germany, these associations worked closely with the Social Democratic Party and helped it win parliamentary seats. By 1905 socialists and trade unionists formed a Labour Party in Britain and a Socialist Party in France.

42. Discuss Stalin’s collectivisation programme. Or What was Collectivisation? How did stalin use this programme?

Answer:  Stalin felt that collectivisation would definitely solve the problem of shortage. From 1929 the Party forced the peasants to cultivate in collective farms (Kolkhoz). The bulk of land and implements were transferred to the ownership of collective farms. Peasants worked on the land and the Kolkhoz profit was shared. Enraged peasants resisted the authorities and destroyed their livestock. Between 1929 and 1931 the number of cattle fell by 1/3. Those who resisted collectivisation were severely punished. Many were exiled and deported. The peasants argued that they were not rich and were not against socialism but they opposed collectivisation for a variety of reasons. Some independent cultivation was allowed by Stalin’s government but such cultivators were treated unsympathetically. In spite of all these measures production did not increase immediately.

43. How did socialism spread in Europe?

Answer:  The International Workingmen’s Association — the First International–was formed in 1864. With its formation “Socialism stepped onto the stage of history as a World Movement”. Its slogan was “proletarians of all countries unite”. It worked for the emancipation of the workers and laid stress on the ‘‘abolition of all class rules”. It continued up to 1872. In 1889, the socialists formed the Second International to coordinate their efforts. Associations were formed by workers in Germany and England for better living and working conditions. They set up funds to help members in times of distress. By 1905, socialists and trade unionists formed a Labour Party in Britain and a Socialist Party in France.

44. Discuss the causes that led to the Revolution of 1917. Or Describe the circumstances which were responsible for Russian Revolution.

Answer:  Russian peasantry was in a miserable condition. Feudalism and serfdom prevailed till 1861. The capitalist industrialists exploited the workers by making them work 12-14 hours, for low wages. The despotic rule of Tsar Nicholas II. The bureaucracy was corrupt, rigid and inefficient. The common people were fed up with the absolute rule of the Tsar. Karl Marx propagated scientific socialism. Liberal ideas of the west through literature entered Russia plus Tolstoy and other thinkers infused revolutionary thoughts in the youth.

45. Comment on the role of Vladimir Lenin in the revolution and his contribution to the economic policy.

Answer:  Vladimir Lenin played an important part in the Russian Revolution of 1917. He led the revolutionaries after the fall of the Tsar Under Lenin’s leadership, the Bolshevik Party put forward clear policies to end the war, transfer land to the peasants and advance the slogan ‘All power to the Soviets’. He was of the opinion that no genuine democracy could be established unless all the non-Russians were given equal rights. These were the real objectives of the Russian Revolution and he fulfilled all these objectives. That is why Lenin’s name has become inseparable from the Russian Revolution.

46. Discuss the role and importance of Lenin in the history of the USSR. OR Examine the role of Lenin in Russian Revolution.

Answer:  In April 1917, the Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin returned to Russia from exile. He said it was time for the Soviets to take over power. He declared that the war be brought to a close, land be transferred to peasants, banks be nationalised. These three demands were Lenin’s ‘April Theses’. He argued that Bolshevik Party be renamed the Communist Party. In January 1918, Lenin dismissed the Constituent Assembly. There was only one party — the All Russian Congress of Soviets. It also became the Parliament of the country. The secret police OGPU and NKVD punished those who criticised the Bolsheviks. By 1920, the Bolsheviks controlled most of the former empire. The Bolsheviks created the USSR from the Russian Empire in December 1922.

47. What were the immediate consequences of the Russian Revolution? (CBSE 2010)                                                                       Or What were the impacts of the Russian Revolution on Russia?

Answer:  Most industries and banks were nationalised in November 1917. This meant the government took over the ownership and management. Land was declared social property and peasants were allowed to seize the land of the nobility. In cities, Bolsheviks enforced the partition of large houses according to family requirements. They banned the use of old title of aristocracy. To assert the change, new uniforms were designed for the army and the officials. The Bolshevik Party was renamed the Russian Communist Party.

48. How did communism in Russia influence capitalist societies?

Answer:   Karl Marx argued that industrial society was capitalist. Capitalists owned the capital invested in factories. The profit of capitalists was produced by workers. Workers had to overthrow capitalism and the rule of private property. A radically socialist society had to be constructed. A communist society was the natural society of the future. By 1870s, socialists ideas spread through Europe.

49. What were the social, economic and political conditions in Russia before 1905?

Answer:  Social conditions : People of different social status, classes, religions and diverse nationalities were there. Imposition of Russian language was made to belittle the cultures of these people. Main groups of Russian population were farmers, workers, landowners, capitalists, industrialists and traders. Economic conditions : 85 percent of Russians were agriculturists. Agriculture provided employment to a vast population. Cultivators produced food for market as well as their own needs Political conditions : Nobles got their power and position through their services to the Tsar, not through local popularity. This was unlike France where peasants respected nobles and fought for them. In Russia, peasants wanted the land of the nobles, they refused to pay rent and even murdered landlords.

50. In what ways was the working population is Russia different from other countries in Europe, before 1917?

Answer:   Workers were a divided social group in Russia. Some had strong links with villages, some had settled in cities. Workers were divided by skill. Metal workers considered themselves aristocrats. Despite division they did unite to strike work when they disagreed with employers. Like workers, peasants were also divided. But they had no respect for the nobility. They wanted the land of the nobles. They refused to pay rent and even murdered landlords.

51. What were the main changes brought about by the Bolsheviks immediately after the October Revolution?

Answer:  Most industry and banks were nationalised. This meant that the government took over the ownership and management. Land was declared social property and peasants were allowed to seize the land of the nobility. In cities, Bolsheviks enforced partition of large houses according to family requirements. Use of old aristocratic titles were banned. New uniforms were designed for the army and the officials. The Bolshevik Party was renamed the Russian Communist Party. Russia became a one-party state. The secret police OGPU and NKVP punished those who criticised Bolsheviks.

52. Comment on the global influence of the Russian Revolution. Or What were the international consequences of the Russian Revolution?

Answer:  Existing socialist parties in Europe did not wholly approve of the way the Bolsheviks took power and kept it. Still the possibility of a workers’ state fired their imagination across the world. In many countries communist parties were formed. Bolsheviks encouraged colonial people to follow their example. Many non-Russians received education in the USSR’s University of the Peoples of the East. By the time the Second World War broke out, the USSR had given socialism a global face and world stature.

53. How did Russia’s participation in the World War caused the fall of the Tsar?

Answer:   The war was initially popular and people rallied around Tsar Nicholas II. But as the war continued, support became thin and Tsar’s popularity declined. Anti-German sentiments became high. The Tsarina Alexandra’s German origins and poor advisers, especially a monk called Rasputin, made the autocracy unpopular. Defeats were shocking and demoralising. Russia’s armies lost badly in Germany and Austria between 1914 and 1916. There were over 7 million casualties by 1917. The destruction of crops and buildings led to over 3 million refugees in Russia. The situation discredited the government and the Tsar. The war also had a severe impact on industry. Many of them producing essential goods were shut down. Able bodied men were called up to the war. Large supplies of grains were sent to feed the army. For the people in the cities, bread and flour became scarce. By the winter of 1916, riots at bread shops were common.

54. What conditions led to the Russian Civil War in 1918-1920? Any four points. Answer:   

(i) The Russian army began to break up after Bolsheviks ordered land redistribution. Soldiers who were mostly peasants wished to go home for the land and deserted. (ii) Now Bolshevik Socialists, Liberals and supporters of autocracy condemned the Bolshevik uprising. Their leaders organised the troops to fight the Bolsheviks. (iii) During 1918 and 1919, the ‘greens’ (Socialist Revolutionaries) and ‘whites’ (pro-Tsarists) controlled most of the Russian empire. They were backed by French, American, British and Japanese troops. As these troops and the Bolsheviks fought a civil war, looting, banditry and famine became common. (iv) Supporters of private property among ‘whites’ took harsh steps with peasants who had seized land.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 2 Free PDF Download

Ncert solutions for class 9 history chapter 2 – socialism in europe and the russian revolution.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 2 – Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution lets the students discover the incidents that took place in the revolution and how socialism was brought to Europe. This chapter is a bit complex to understand for which students need beneficial study material. We aim to do exactly that with our easy to understand solutions. Most importantly, they will enable the students to grasp the concept in a comprehensible way.

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CBSE Class 9 History Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 2 introduces the students to how Socialism came to be in Europe. Subsequently, it discusses the Russian Revolution as well. After this chapter, students will be able to understand the movements that took place and the reasons behind them. In other words, this chapter will help you in comprehending the concept of socialism better. Therefore, our NCERT solutions will be very beneficial when you study this chapter.

Sub-topics covered under NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 2

1. the age of social change-.

This topic discusses briefly the important political traditions of the nineteenth century, in addition to how they influenced change.

• 1.1 Liberals, Radicals and Conservatives- Over here, it discusses the differences between liberals, radicals, and conservatives.
• 1.2 Industrial Society and Social Change- This section throws light on the industrialization and how it brought social change.
• 1.3 The Coming of Socialism to Europe-  Over here, students learn how socialism made its way in Europe.
• 1.4 Support for Socialism-  Students will learn how people all over Europe were in favor of socialism.

2. The Russian Revolution-

This section introduces the students to the Russian Revolution.

• 2.1 The Russian Empire in 1914- This section shows the conditions of the Russian Empire in 1914.
• 2.2 Economy and Society- The connection between the economy and society of Russia is shown here.
• 2.3 Socialism in Russia- This part discusses how Socialism came to be in Russia and what the conditions before it was.
• 2.4 A Turbulent Time: The 1905 Revolution- Students will learn about the 1905 Revolution here and why it took place.
• 2.5 The First World War and the Russian Empire- This section discusses the happenings of the First World War. Similarly, it shows the impact on the Russian Empire.

3. The February Revolution in Petrograd-

It gives students a chance to learn about the February Revolution of Petrograd.

• 3.1 After February- The incidents that took place after the February Revolution are taught here.
• 3.2 The Revolution of October 1917- Over here, students will learn about the Revolution of October 1917 and its origination.

4. What Changed after October?-

Students will learn the changes in the circumstances of the country after the Revolution of October.

• 4.1 The Civil War- The renowned Civil War will be taught to students and how it impacted the country.
• 4.2 Making a Socialist Society- How the Socialist Society came into being and what went in the making of it is given here.
• 4.3 Stalinism and Collectivisation- This section teaches the impact and meaning of Stalinism and Collectivisation to students.

5. The Global Influence of the Russian Revolution and the USSR-

This part shows the impact of the Russian Revolution and USSR on the world.

You can download NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 2 PDF for free by clicking on the download button below

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Arinjay Academy » Social Science Class 9 » Class 9 History Chapter 2 Extra Questions and Answers

Class 9 History Chapter 2 Extra Questions and Answers

Class 9 History Chapter 2 Extra Questions and Answers covered all the topics explained in Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution. The chapter on the Russian Revolution begins with an introduction to the various ideological groups present in society and how the political and social changes began changing Russian society. The following section discusses the Russian empire before the revolution and how the economy and society of the empire were structured. It also touches upon the 1905 Revolution. The chapter then discusses the February and October Revolutions which were together called the Russian Revolution. The following section discusses the changes that took place due to the revolution, and how a socialist society was formed. The collectivisation programme by Stalin is also discussed.

The chapter ends with a discussion on the global influence of the Russian Revolution and the USSR.

Class 9 History Chapter 2 Extra Questions are Answered in detail by our team of experts which includes teachers and professionals. These solutions have been compiled in an easy to understand manner, keeping in mind, the perspective of strong, and weak students. We are providing NCERT Solutions for Class 9  all subjects which can be accessed by  clicking here .

Class 9 History Chapter 2 Extra Questions and Answers – Very Short Answer Type Questions: 1-2 Marks

Ques.1: Who were the Liberals?

Ans.1: The Liberals were a group of people who aimed at changing society and were secular. They did not favour any specific religion and were particularly against the concept of monarchy. They believed in the concept of fundamental rights and were largely in favour of representative parliamentary form of government elected by the citizens themselves. They demanded the setting up of an independent judiciary to safeguard individual rights. However, they did not support the concept of universal adult franchise and were against granting the voting rights to women, and believed that only  men owning property should be allowed to vote.

Ques.2: Who were Radicals?

Ans.2: The radicals were a group of people who believed that the governments should be based on the vote of the majority of the population. As opposed to the liberals, they believed in the universal adult franchise and some even favoured granting voting rights to women.They were against the privileges of wealthy landowners, but they did not oppose private ownership. They were only against the accumulation of wealth with a small section of society.

Ques.3: Define Conservationists.

Ans.3: This section of the society completely opposed any kind of change and was absolutely opposite to liberal and radical ideology. However, gradually they changed their ideology and favoured change through a slow process.

Ques.4: What was the Suffragette movement?

Ans.4: It was a movement demanding the right to vote for women.

Ques.5: Whose writings inspired people in Italy to fight for nations with equal rights?

Ans.5: Giuseppe Mazzini’s writings became an inspiration for not only  the people of Italy but also for the populations across various other countries.

Ques.6: Name some of the famous socialists.

Ans.6: Some of the popular socialists with different ideologies were:

• Robert Owen
• Louis Blanc

Ques.7: What was ‘New Harmony’?

Ans.7: New Harmony was a cooperative community, set up on the suggestion of Robert Owen.

Ques.8: Which socialist trade unions formed with the support of socialism?

Ans.8: Various socialists trade unions were formed across Europe with the support of socialism. These were:

• Social Democratic Party in Germany
• Socialist Party in France
• Labour Party in Britain

Ques.9: Which international body was formed to coordinate the efforts of socialism across Europe?

Ans.9: The Second International

Ques.10: Who ruled the Russian empire before the Russian Revolution?

Ans.10: Tsar Nicholas II

Ques.11: What was the extent of the Russian empire?

Ans.11: The Russian empire included the territories of present-day Russia, Latvia, Finland, Estonia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Belarus, and parts of Poland, Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan. The Russian empire extended in the Pacific Ocean as well.

Ques.12: What feature set apart the Russian peasants from other European peasants?

Ans:12: The unique feature of the Russian peasants was that from time to time, they pooled their land resources and redistributed it among themselves based on the needs of individual families. This feature set the Russian peasants apart from other European workers.

Ques.13: Which workers called themselves the ‘aristocrats of workers’ and why?

Ans.13: Metalworkers in the factories considered themselves as the ‘aristocrats of workers’ as theirs was among those works requiring special skills, expertise, and training.

Ques.14: Name the socialist parties formed in Russia.

Ans.14: The socialist parties formed in Russia were:

• Russian Social Democratic Workers in 1898
• Social Revolutionary Party in 1900

Ques.15: What were the internal factions of the Russian Social Democratic Workers’ Party?

Ans.15: Bolsheviks and Mensheviks

Ques.16: St. Petersburg was renamed as ___________.

Ans.16: Petrograd

Ques.17: How did February 23 come to be recognised as the International Women’s Day?

And.17: On 23 February, workers from 50 factories took to roads to strike and protest against the lockout in a factory. Many groups in these strikes were led by women. Hence, this day came to be recognised as International Women’s Day.

Ques.18: Who were the reds, greens, and the whites?

Ans.18: Reds were the Bolsheviks; greens were the Socialist Revolutionaries and whites were pro-Tsarists.

Ques.19: Define Jadidists.

Ans.19: Jadidists was a section of people in Muslim society demanding modernised Islam.

Ques.20: Who headed the Bolshevik Party after Lenin’s death?

Ans.20: Joseph Stalin.

Ques.21: Which organisations came into existence as the result of the global influence of the USSR?

Ans.21: The impact of the Russian Revolution was visible across various nations. People from non-USSR nations actively participated in major organisations like:

• Conference of the Peoples of the East
• Comintern (a pro-Bolshevik union)

Class 9 History Chapter 2 Extra Questions and Answers – Short Answer Type Questions: 2-4 Marks

Ques.1: Differentiate between Liberals and Radicals.

Ques.2: Who were the socialists?

Ans.2: Socialists was the name given to the followers of socialism.

• They were against the concept of private property ownership and believed that the property must be owned by the government.
• In their view, private property ownership led to the accumulation of wealth in the hands of a smaller section of the society, promoting personal gain.
• The attention thus should be on the collective gain and social interest of all members of the society.
• They carried out extensive campaigns and worked hard to set up socialist form of government.

Ques.3: What different visions about socialism existed?

Ans.3: The ideology of socialism around the world varied from one region to another. People had their own visions about how society should be structured as a socialist one.

• An English manufacturer, Robert Owen, favoured the idea of cooperatives. He worked to build a cooperative community, New Harmony, in Indiana (USA).
• Others like Louis Blanc were of the view that government initiative is necessary for setting up large cooperatives and reducing the influence of capitalism. He circulated the concept of working in associations and dividing the profits based on the amount of work done.
• These ideas were further refined by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. He believed in order to escape the exploitation by capitalism, a society must be designed where the assets are socially owned. Workers must oppose the capitalistic setup and work towards the formation of a communist society.

Ques.4: Briefly explain the Marxist ideology.

Ans.4: The Marxist ideology was named after the ideologist who proposed the theory, i.e. Karl Marx.

• According to Marx, industrialization was a capitalistic concept.
• Most of the factories and property were owned by capitalists and the profit earned by the workers was taken away from them. The conditions of the workers were grim.
• He believed that only when the workers fought against capitalism and dismantled its power, can this exploitation be overcome by them.
• For this, Marx suggested a society where the property was socially controlled. He inspired workers to develop a communist society.
• In his opinion, communist society was natural and that future held great success for this society.

Ques.5: When and how did socialism spread across Europe?

Ans.5: The ideology of socialism grew popular in the rest of Europe by the 1870s. The Second Internation was set up to coordinate the socialists across Europe. Eventually, workers in Germany and England began forming associations and unions and started demanding better wages and working conditions. Funds were maintained to help the members of associations in times of need. Associations like the Social Democratic Party in Germany, Labour Party in Britain, and the Socialist Party in France were set up. The idea of socialism grew stronger and gradually began influencing the governments.

Ques.6: Describe the Russian economy at the beginning of the twentieth century.

Ans.6: The Russian economy was largely dependent on agriculture, with 85% of its population engaged in agricultural practices.

• Russia was a major exporter of food grains before 1905.
• Industries were not popular and were only found in small concentrations. The Major industrial regions were St. Petersburg and Moscow. Almost all the industrial units were private properties, with almost no government supervision over large ones.
• Major production was undertaken by craftsmen.
• Industrial growth was aided with the extension of rail networks and increased foreign investment in industries.
• Iron and steel production increased by four times and coal production doubled.

 Ques.7: How did the Social Democrats differ from the Social Revolutionaries?

Ans.7: The Russian Social Democratic Workers Party was found in 1898. The Socialist Revolutionary Party came into existence in 1900. They believed that the system of Russian peasants whereby they pooled and redistributed their land depending on individual family needs was socialist in nature, and hence the peasants should be the force of the revolution.

However, the Democrats disagreed on the ground that the peasants were a diverse community with some peasants being rich, owning the land,employing the poor peasants and others to work on their fields, were the less prosperous ones forced to work on the farms of capitalistic peasants. Hence the Democrats believed that not all peasants could be a part of the socialist movement.

Ques.8: What were the consequences of the 1905 Revolution?

Ans.8: The consequences of the 1905 Revolution were as follows:

• An elected parliament called the Duma was set up.
• Factory workers formed associations and trade unions.
• Political activity was limited.
• Eventually, the Tsar began restricting these associations and unions and declared them illegal.
• The Duma was dissolved within 75 days of its formation.
• Voting laws were changed and the third Duma was elected, having members belonging only to the conservatives.

Ques.9: What was the April Theses?

Ans.9: After the February Revolution, when Lenin returned from exile in April, he realised that now it was time for the Soviet socialists to control the power. Lenin put forth the following three demands:

• The war should end.
• The lands should be transferred to nobility.
• The banks should be nationalised.

These demands were together known as the April Theses.

Ques.10: What changes were brought by the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution?

Ans.10: The changes brought by the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution were:

• No one could own any private property.
• Banks and industries were nationalised.
• Land was no longer a private property and peasants were allowed to seize the land.
• Large houses were broken up based on family requirements.
• New military and official uniforms were introduced, the most popular of them being budeonovka, the Soviet hat.

Ques.11: How did the political conditions change after the October revolution?

Ans.11: After the October Revolution, a series of political changes took place in Russia.

• The Bolsheviks renamed themselves as the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik).
• The elections were conducted in November 1917 where the Bolsheviks lost. The Assembly thus elected was dismissed by Lenin the following year, so that fresh elections could be conducted and a more democratic All Russian Congress could be elected.
• Eventually, the Bolsheviks began to take decisions against the opinions of the opposition members.
• In the coming years, the Bolsheviks were the only party that began contesting the elections. It was followed by Russia becoming a one-party country.
• Secret police department was set up and people who criticized the government were punished.
• Though the crowds still supported the party, they were largely misguided owing to the censorship.

Ques.12: What led to the Civil War in Russia?

Ans.12: As the land was now being redistributed, soldiers and peasants began moving to their homes to acquire the land.

• Meanwhile, the non-Bolsheviks, who were against the Bolsheviks, began moving south to organise troops to fight the Bolshevik uprising.
• The Socialist Revolutionaries and pro-Tsarists took control of the Russian empire in 1918 and 1919.
• To gain back the control, the Bolsheviks fought these groups, which resulted in the Civil war.
• Casualties were high and cases of looting increased. Famines also became common.

Ques.13: Describe the Russian Society in the 1950s.

Ans.13: By the year of 1950, socialists around the world began criticising the Russian Revolution as it no longer represented the ideals it began with. Though the country had witnessed modernisation of industry and development in agriculture, the essential rights were denied to its citizens and they were largely being repressed. Eventually, Russia lost the reputation that it held among other socialist nations. But the Russian Revolution continued to inspire socialists worldwide.

Class 9 History Chapter 2 Extra Questions and Answers – Long Answer Type Questions: 4-6 Marks

Ques.1: Which event is known as the Bloody Sunday in the history of the Russian Revolution? How did it lead to the 1905 Revolution?

Ans.1: The workers and peasants in Russia, along with the Social Democrats and Socialist Revolutionaries fought for their rights and better living conditions during the 1905 revolution. Multiple factors agitated these groups to fight the government.

• The conditions in Russia began worsening for the workers in the year 1904.
• The prices of essential commodities saw a major price hike, reducing the real wages of the workers by 20%.
• In the same year, four workers of the Assembly of Russian Workers were dismissed, which agitated the workers across all the other factory associations.
• In protest of this event, over 110,000 workers in St. Petersburg went on strike, demanding the following demands to be fulfilled.

a) Improved working conditions b) Eight-hours working day c) Increased wages.

• When the protesting workers reached the king’s Winter Palace, they were attacked by armed forces. Hundreds of soldiers were killed and an enormous number were injured.

This was the infamous incident of Bloody Sunday. The events following this incident were collectively called the 1905 Revolution. Widespread protests took place all over the country, and a lack of civil liberties was questioned. A number pf unions were established by doctors, engineers, lawyers, and middle-class workers.  

Ques.2: How was the First World War different on the eastern side as compared to the western side? What were its impacts on the Russian empire?

Ans.2: The First World War began in the year 1914. The war was fought both in and outside of Europe. The way the war was fought in the east and the west varied greatly.

• On the western front, the war was fought from trenches along eastern France.
• However, in the east, the movement of armies was strong and there were large casualties.
• The armies were badly defeated. When they retreated, they destroyed crops and damaged the buildings in order to make it difficult for the opposing armies.
• Eventually, the Tsar government grew unpopular and the soldiers began backing out of the war.

The war had major implications for the Russian industry.

• The already fewer industries were severely hit by the shortages of supply.
• Industrial equipment disintegrated, and railways started to break down.
• Factories and shops fell short of labour as most of them were required to fight the war. Hence the factories and shops were shut.
• Food resources became scarce as most of them were used to feed the soldiers.
• This resulted in riots.

Ques.3: Discuss in detail the February Revolution of 1917. What were its effects?

Ans.3: The city was divided into two economically separate sections. The workers were on the right bank of River Neva, and the left side of the river had all important buildings like the Palace and official buildings.

• The winters were severe in February and workers on the right bank of the river faced food shortage.
• Tsar wished to dissolve the Duma, as opposed to the parliamentarians who wished to preserve the elected government.
• A factory lockout took place on 22 nd February, following which workers from fifty factories went on strike the next day, on 23 February.
• Many sections were led by women. Hence the day came to be recognised as International Women’s Day.
• Around the same time, on 25 th February, the Duma was suspended by the government.
• On 27 th February, the demonstrators plundered the police stations, demanding their rights to better working conditions, democracy, and sufficient food supplies to be fulfilled.
• A soviet named Petrograd Soviet was formed by the protesting workers and soldiers.
• Tsar was forced to leave the throne on 2 nd March 1917, thereby collapsing the monarchy and the Provisional Government formed by Soviet and Duma leaders took over the country.

 Effects of the February Revolution were:

• Soviets began to be set up around the country, and associations and public meetings were legalised.
• Lenin, the leader of the Bolsheviks demanded to transfer land to the peasants, nationalisation and putting an end to the war.
• Factory committees questioning the system of running the factories were formed and many trade unions emerged. Soldiers’ committees were being set up in the army.
• Eventually, the Bolshevik influence continued to grow.
• Land began to be redistributed by the committees, and between July and September, peasants began seizing the land.

Ques.4: What was the Russian Revolution? Discuss the October revolution in detail. What were its social and political impacts?

Ans.4: The events that took place during the February Revolution and October Revolution were together known as the Russian Revolution of 1917. The major events and the effects of the October Revolution are as follows.

• To overcome the fear and prevent the Provisional Government from setting up a dictatorship, the Bolsheviks began igniting a spark among the followers against the government.
• A Military Revolutionary Committee was set up under the leadership of Leon Trotskii on 16 October 1917 to seize the power of the government.
• The violent uprisings began on 24 October. Troops sent by the government tried hard to protect the Winter Palace. Eventually, the entire city and all the military points were taken over by the committee.
• Riots and fights continued all over the country. Gradually, the Moscow-Petrograd area was completely under the control of the Bolsheviks.

The social impacts of the October Revolution were:

• In November 1917, the banks and industries were nationalised.
• The land of the nobility was seized by the peasants and land was no longer private property.
• Large houses were redistributed depending on the family sizes.
• New uniforms were introduced for soldiers and officials, the most famous among them being the budeonovka, the Soviet hat.

The political impacts of the Revolution were:

• The Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik) was the new name adopted by the Bolshevik Party.
• The assembly elected in November 1917 was dismissed by Lenin and proper elections were conducted for the All Russian Congress of Soviets.
• The problems between the Bolsheviks and Germany regarding Brest Litovsk were resolved against the popular opposition.
• Eventually, Russia became a one-party state, with only the Bolshevik Party being the one to participate.
• Soon the Party grew autocratic and began punishing those who criticised them. The secret police were set up and trade unions were once again under control.
• The Bolshevik Party encouraged censorship as well, thereby keeping the populations in the dark.

Ques.5: What steps were taken by the Bolsheviks to make the Russian society socialist?

Ans.5: The Bolsheviks were the supporters of socialism from the very beginning. Once they took over the government of the country, they brought about certain changes to make the Russian society more socialistic. These were:

• Banks and industries were industrialised.
• Private lands were confiscated and made a socially controlled property.
• A centralised planning system was introduced, with the adoption of Five-Year Plans.
• Targets were set to be achieved during this five-year period.
• The first two five-year plans were across the years 1927-1932 and 1933-1938.
• The first two plans were devoted to the development of industries, with all the prices being fixed by the government.
• The economy of the country boomed and the industrial sector flourished.
• New cities came into existence.
• Extended schooling system was developed, whereby the workers and peasants could join universities.
• To facilitate working for women workers, creches were set up for their children inside the factories.
• Health care services became cheap.
• Better living conditions were provided to the workers.

However, there were certain negative implications of growth. The working conditions of the workers worsened owing to large scale industrial construction. The transition to and then following of socialism brought both positive and negative effects, owing to the limited resources that the government possessed.

Ques.6: What measures were adopted by Stalin to overcome the shortage of food grains?

Ans.6: During the first Five-Year Plan, people across Soviet Russia were facing the problems of a limited supply of food grains. As the government put a maximum price ceiling on the expenses at which the farm produce could be sold, peasants became reluctant to sell the grains at the existing prices. This led to severe food shortages.

When after the death of Lenin, Stalin took over the control of the Soviet government, he speculated that the rich traders and peasants were hoarding the produce, waiting for the prices to rise.

To overcome this situation, Stalin introduced the collectivisation programme in 1928. Initially, the grain-producing areas were toured and kulaks, the well-to-do peasants were raided. Even after the raids, the grain continued to fall short of the demands. The reason behind this was thought to be the relatively small size of landholdings, making them less productive. As the land was already distributed among the peasants, the size of the lands was small and hence difficult to modernise.

In order to modernise the farms, the land had to be taken back from peasants and converted into large farms that were under the government’s control. Hence, the small farms were now merged together and turned into large collective farms, known as kolkhoz. The peasants were now forced to work on these collective farms and shared the profit among themselves. However, the peasants did not like this and as a result, cattle were killed by them on a large scale, reducing their population by one-third until 1931. Such criticism was unwelcomed and these peasants were severely punished. Independent cultivation was not allowed, barring a few exceptions.

However, the collectivisation programme did not solve the problem of food grain shortage. Devastating famines took place due to the bad harvests of 1930-1933, where over 4 million people died.

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CBSE Class 9 History Important Questions - Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

History Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution Class 9 Important Questions and Answers - FREE PDF Download

Socialism in Europe and The Russian Revolution was a major event that made socialism a powerful idea in the 20th century, shaping how people viewed society and governance. Class 9 History Chapter 2 Important Questions and Answers looks into Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution, exploring its origins and impacts. This chapter is important for understanding the significant changes that took place during this time. Students can download the FREE PDF of these notes, allowing them to study and review them anytime according to the latest CBSE Class 9 Social Science Syllabus .

Russian Revolution Class 9 Important Questions and Answers have been gathered to cover essential topics and help with exam preparation. These questions are a valuable resource for thorough revision. Below is the link to download the FREE PDF with these important questions. Use the CBSE Class 9 History Important Questions resource to practise, review effectively, and score high marks in your exams.

Access the History Chapter 2 Class 9 Important Questions and Answers

1. What was the Suffragette movement? Which group supported it?

Ans: The Suffragette movement was a campaign that aimed to give women the right to vote. This movement began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as women across different countries pushed for their right to participate in elections. They organised protests, petitions, and public demonstrations to demand voting rights. Women’s groups and activists, including organisations like the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) in Britain, supported these efforts. Their hard work eventually led to women gaining voting rights in many places, marking a key achievement in gender equality.

2. Why were there revolutionary disturbances in Russia in 1905? What did the revolutionaries want?

Ans: In 1905, Russia faced widespread unrest due to poor economic conditions, political repression, and military failures. Many Russians were unhappy with low wages, high taxes, and bad working conditions. The revolutionaries, including workers, peasants, and political groups, demanded reforms to address these issues. They wanted better working conditions, more political freedoms, and a more representative government. Their protests, strikes, and riots led to significant political changes and set the stage for future revolutionary events in Russia.

3. Why did people in Central Asia react differently to the Russian Revolution?

Ans: The reactions to the Russian Revolution in Central Asia were varied due to different local experiences and concerns. Some people supported the revolution, hoping it would bring social and economic improvements. Others were resistant because they feared losing their cultural practices or local autonomy. The diverse reactions were influenced by factors like ethnic identity, local governance, and the impact of the revolution on their daily lives. These mixed responses reflected the complex effects of the revolution across different regions.

4. What were the social, economic, and political conditions in Russia before 1905?

Ans: Before 1905, Russia had a deeply unequal society with severe economic and social problems. Most people were peasants living in poverty, working on land owned by wealthy nobles. The industrial workers faced tough conditions, including long hours and low pay. Politically, Russia was an autocracy, ruled by Tsar Nicholas II, who had absolute power. The lack of political rights and the government's refusal to address widespread social issues created widespread discontent among different social classes, leading to revolutionary sentiments.

5. What are the differences between liberals and democrats?

Ans: Liberals and democrats have different views on government and society. Liberals focus on individual rights and freedoms, advocating for minimal government intervention in personal and economic matters. They support free markets and personal liberty. Democrats, in contrast, emphasise the importance of broad participation in government and seek to ensure equal opportunities for all. They believe in more government involvement to address social inequalities and promote fairness. Both support democratic principles, but their approaches to achieving equality and freedom differ.

6. How was the working population in Russia different from other European countries before 1917?

Ans: Before 1917, Russia’s working population had several distinct differences compared to Europe. Many Russian workers were engaged in agriculture, whereas Europe had a larger industrial workforce. Russian industrial workers faced worse conditions, including lower wages and longer hours. The industrial sector in Russia was less developed compared to Western Europe. Additionally, Russian workers had less political power and fewer rights, which contributed to greater dissatisfaction and revolutionary fervour compared to their European counterparts.

7. What is a significant view of the radicals?

Ans: Radicals are known for their strong belief in making quick and fundamental changes to society and politics. They argue that the current system is deeply flawed and needs a complete overhaul to address social injustices. Radicals often push for revolutionary changes rather than gradual reforms. They want to break away from traditional structures and create new systems that promote equality and fairness, challenging established norms and taking bold actions to achieve their goals.

8. What are some features of Socialism? List three points.

Ans: Socialism includes several key features:

Collective Ownership: Resources and businesses are owned by the community or the state, not by private individuals.

Economic Equality: Socialism aims to reduce the gap between the rich and poor by distributing wealth more fairly.

Government Role: The government plays a major role in managing the economy and providing essential services like healthcare and education to ensure everyone has their basic needs met.

9. Why did the Tsarist autocracy fall in 1917?

Ans: The Tsarist autocracy fell in 1917 due to a combination of problems. The Russian monarchy, led by Tsar Nicholas II, faced serious issues such as military failures in World War I, which caused a lot of suffering and shortages. Economic problems, including food shortages and high inflation, led to widespread unrest. Many people were unhappy with the lack of political reforms and the harsh conditions they faced. In February 1917, these problems led to the Tsar’s abdication and the end of autocratic rule.

10. Who was Karl Marx? What were his views on Capitalism?

Ans: Karl Marx was a 19th-century philosopher and economist who is best known for his critique of capitalism. He argued that capitalism was an unfair system where workers were exploited for their labour. Marx believed that capitalists made profits by paying workers less than the value of what they produced. He thought that capitalism created inequality and concentrated wealth in the hands of a few. Marx predicted that capitalism would eventually be replaced by socialism, where resources would be shared more equally.

11. List the main events and effects of the February and October Revolutions. Describe who was involved, the leaders, and the impact on Soviet history.

Ans: February Revolution:

Main Events: Tsar Nicholas II abdicated; a provisional government was set up.

Effects: Ended the Romanov dynasty; started democratic reforms.

Leaders: Alexander Kerensky and other provisional government members.

October Revolution:

Main Events: Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, took control of the government.

Effects: Created a communist state; led to withdrawal from World War I; major social changes.

Leaders: Vladimir Lenin and the Bolshevik Party.

12. What led to the rise of industries in Russia by the end of the 19th century? Give two reasons.

Ans: The rise of industries in Russia by the end of the 19th century was driven by the expansion of the railway network, which helped transport goods and resources more efficiently. Additionally, the Russian government promoted industrial growth as part of its modernisation efforts to compete with other industrialised nations. These developments helped boost industrial activity and led to the growth of cities.

13. What were the main changes introduced by the Bolsheviks immediately after the October Revolution?

Ans: After the October Revolution, the Bolsheviks made several key changes. They nationalised industries, taking control from private owners and putting them under state management. They redistributed land from large landowners to peasants, breaking up large estates. They also withdrew from World War I and introduced social reforms to improve workers’ rights and provide better access to education and healthcare. These changes aimed to establish a communist state and address the inequalities of the old regime.

14. What were the Kulaks?

Ans: Kulaks were wealthier farmers in Russia who owned larger farms and hired labourers. During the Soviet era, particularly during Stalin’s collectivisation campaign, the Kulaks were targeted as class enemies. The government accused them of being obstacles to the collectivisation process and took measures to remove them or punish them severely. This often included confiscating their property and deporting them to labour camps, disrupting their lives and agricultural production.

15. What was the economic condition of workers at the start of the 20th century?

Ans: At the beginning of the 20th century, workers in Russia faced harsh economic conditions. They endured low wages, long working hours, and unsafe working environments. Many workers lived in poor conditions with inadequate housing and basic amenities. These difficulties led to widespread dissatisfaction and contributed to the growing demands for better working conditions, higher wages, and political reforms. This unrest played a significant role in the revolutionary movements of the time.

16. What was Stalin’s collectivization program?

Ans: Stalin’s collectivisation program aimed to combine individual farms into large, state-controlled farms called collectives. This policy was meant to increase agricultural efficiency and allow the government to control agriculture more effectively. Farmers were forced to join these collectives, which led to widespread resistance and disruption. Many peasants lost their land and faced severe hardships as a result, leading to a significant impact on agricultural production and rural life.

17. What was the Duma? Write a brief note.

Ans: The Duma was a legislative body established in Russia in 1905 by Tsar Nicholas II. It was created to address demands for political reform and offer some degree of representative government. The Duma was intended to provide a platform for discussing laws and policies. However, its powers were limited, and the Tsar retained significant control over important decisions. The Duma’s creation was a step towards modernization, but it did not fully meet the demands for democratic reforms.

18. What were the viewpoints of conservatives?

Ans: Conservatives generally believed in maintaining traditional values and resisting rapid changes in society. They preferred stability and gradual reform rather than revolutionary changes. Conservatives supported existing social structures and institutions, aiming to preserve the established order. They were cautious about altering long-standing norms and often sought to maintain continuity and avoid disruptions to societal practices.

19. What was the relationship between peasants and nobles in 19th-century Russia?

Ans: In 19th-century Russia, peasants worked on land owned by nobles and faced challenging conditions. Nobles had significant control over peasant life, including labour duties and land rights. Peasants often lived in poverty and had limited opportunities for advancement. This unequal relationship created tension and resentment among peasants, who were exploited and had little say in their own lives, leading to widespread discontent and calls for change.

20. What happened on ‘Bloody Sunday’?

Ans: ‘Bloody Sunday’ occurred on January 22, 1905, when Russian soldiers opened fire on a peaceful protest in St. Petersburg. The protesters, led by Father Gapon, were marching to present a petition to Tsar Nicholas II, asking for reforms and better working conditions. The violent response from the soldiers resulted in numerous deaths and injuries, causing outrage and further unrest. This event was a turning point that contributed to the revolutionary movements and demands for change in Russia.

21. Who was Giuseppe Mazzini?

Ans: Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian political activist and revolutionary leader in the 19th century. He is known for his efforts to unify Italy and promote democratic ideals. Mazzini founded the organisation “Young Italy,” which aimed to create a united and independent Italian republic. His ideas and activism played a significant role in the Italian unification movement, influencing the course of Italian history and inspiring other revolutionary movements across Europe.

22. Define socialists. Who is the international body formed to coordinate socialist efforts?

Ans: Socialists are people who believe in creating a society where wealth and resources are shared more equally among everyone. They advocate for collective ownership of businesses and resources, aiming to reduce economic inequalities. The international body formed to coordinate socialist efforts is the “Socialist International.” It brings together various socialist and labour parties from around the world to work towards common goals of social justice and economic fairness.

23. Write a brief note about the positive aspects of the Bolshevik government on the Soviet Union and its people.

Ans: The Bolshevik government, established after the October Revolution, brought several positive changes to the Soviet Union. It introduced reforms that improved workers’ rights, including better working conditions and shorter hours. The government also nationalised industries and redistributed land to peasants, aiming to reduce economic inequalities. Social services, such as education and healthcare, were expanded, making them more accessible to everyone. These changes aimed to create a more equitable society and address some of the injustices of the previous regime.

24. What were the main reasons for the Russian Revolution in 1917?

Ans: The Russian Revolution happened because people were hungry and suffering from shortages caused by World War I. They were unhappy with Tsar Nicholas II, who was not solving their problems. The country had many economic and social issues, and people wanted change. The government’s inability to fix these problems led to widespread anger, which helped the revolution succeed and end the Tsar’s rule.

25. How did the Russian Revolution affect the world?

Ans: The Russian Revolution changed the world by spreading the ideas of communism. It inspired other countries to start their revolutionary movements. The rise of the Soviet Union led to global competition with capitalist countries, known as the Cold War. It also influenced decolonisation and anti-imperialist efforts, shaping global politics and relations for many years.

26. What was the role of the Bolsheviks in the Russian Revolution?

Ans: The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, played a key role in the Russian Revolution. They took over the government in October 1917 by overthrowing the Provisional Government. They promised to solve the problems of workers and peasants. After taking control, they set up a new communist government, which changed Russia’s social, economic, and political systems.

Important Topics of Class 9 History Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

In Class 9 History Chapter 2 important topics, students learn about socialism and how the Russian Revolution changed the world. These topics show how big events shaped history.

Benefits of Learning with Class 9 History Chapter 2 Important Questions 

Learning this chapter helps students understand how socialism began and how it affected societies, showing the impact of sharing resources.

It explains why the Russian Revolution happened and its effects, helping students see why Russia changed and how it influenced other countries.

By studying leaders like Vladimir Lenin, students learn about the important figures who led the revolution and made key decisions.

Reviewing the main events of the Russian Revolution helps students understand their importance and how they changed history.

Knowing the global effects of the Russian Revolution shows how these ideas inspired movements in other countries and affected world politics.

Conclusion 

Understanding the main topics in Class 9 History Chapter 2, "Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution," helps students learn how socialism started and its effects on societies. It explains why the Russian Revolution happened, its impact, and the role of leaders like Lenin. These topics are important for seeing how big changes in history influenced the modern world. To get better prepared for exams and understand these ideas more, practice with the Important Questions. For additional help and resources, visit Vedantu to get the support you need for your studies.

Important Study Materials for Class 9 History Chapter 2

CBSE Class 9 History Chapter-wise Important Questions

Additional Study Materials for Class 9 Social Science History

FAQs on CBSE Class 9 History Important Questions - Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

1. How do Russian Revolution Class 9 Important Questions and Answers help in studying Chapter 2?

Important Questions help students focus on the main ideas and key events of the chapter. They guide you to understand the essential topics and prepare well for exams by practising these questions.

2. Why should students solve Russian Revolution Class 9 Important Questions and Answers for this chapter?

Solving Important Questions helps students review and strengthen their understanding of the chapter. It also helps them get used to the exam pattern and boosts their confidence.

3. What topics are usually covered in Important Questions for Chapter 2?

Important Questions cover important topics like socialism, the Russian Revolution, key figures like Lenin, and the impact of the revolution. They make sure students understand the main ideas and events.

4. How can Russian Revolution Class 9 Important Questions and Answers improve exam performance?

By practising Important Questions, students become familiar with the types of questions that may appear on the exam. This practice helps them improve their answers and exam strategy, leading to better results.

5. How do Russian Revolution Class 9 Important Questions and Answers help with revision?

Important Questions provide a focused way to review the chapter. They highlight key points and help students remember important information quickly during their revision.

6. What are the benefits of using Class 9 History Chapter 2 Important Questions and Answers for this chapter?

Using Important Questions helps students understand the main events and ideas of the chapter. They improve understanding, highlight key concepts, and aid in effective studying and preparation.

7. Can Russian Revolution Class 9 Important Questions help in understanding complex topics?

Yes, Important Questions break down complex topics into simpler parts. They guide students through difficult concepts and ensure a clearer understanding of challenging material.

8. How often should students practise Class 9 History Chapter 2 Important Questions and Answers?

Students should practice Important Questions regularly, especially when exams are near. Regular practice helps strengthen learning and ensures thorough preparation.

9. What should students do if they find some Russian Revolution Class 9 Important Questions and Answers are difficult?

If students find certain questions hard, they should review the related topics and ask for help from teachers or use study guides. Understanding these questions is important for mastering the chapter.

10. Are Class 9 History Chapter 2 Important Questions and Answers useful for group study sessions?

Yes, Important Questions are great for group study. They allow students to discuss different answers and viewpoints, which helps improve their understanding through teamwork.

11. How can Russian Revolution Class 9 Important Questions and Answers be used for self-assessment?

Students can use Important Questions to check their knowledge and find areas where they need more study. Self-assessment helps track progress and focus on weaker parts.

12. Where can students find the Important Questions for Class 9 History Chapter 2 Important Questions and Answers?

Students can find Important Questions in study guides, on our Vedantu website, and in textbooks. These resources offer valuable practice to help with exam preparation.

Class 9 History Case Study Questions Chapter 3 Nazism and the Rise of Hitler

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Case study Questions on Class 9 Social Science Chapter 3  are very important to solve for your exam. Class 9 Social Science Chapter 10 Case Study Questions have been prepared for the latest exam pattern. You can check your knowledge by solving  Class 9 History Case Study Questions  Chapter 3 Nazism and the Rise of Hitler

Join our Telegram Channel, there you will get various e-books for CBSE 2024 Boards exams for Class 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th.

In CBSE Class 9 Social Science Paper, Students will have to answer some questions based on Assertion and Reason. There will be a few questions based on case studies and passage-based as well. In that, a paragraph will be given, and then the MCQ questions based on it will be asked.

Nazism and the Rise of Hitler Case Study Questions With Answers

Here, we have provided case-based/passage-based questions for Class 9 Social Science Chapter 3 Nazism and the Rise of Hitler

Case Study 1: The war had a devastating impact on the entire continent both psychologically and financially. From a continent of creditors, Europe turned into one of the debtors. Unfortunately, the infant Weimar Republic was being made to pay for the sins of the old empire. The republic carried the burden of war guilt and national humiliation and was financially crippled by being forced to pay compensation. Those who supported the Weimar Republic, mainly Socialists, Catholics, and Democrats, became easy targets of attack in the conservative nationalist circles. They were mockingly called the ‘November Criminals. This mindset had a major impact on the political developments of the early 1930s, as we will soon see. The First World War left a deep imprint on European society and polity. Soldiers came to be placed above civilians. Politicians and publicists laid great stress on the need for men to be aggressive, strong, and masculine. The media glorified trench life. The truth, however, was that soldiers lived miserable lives in these trenches, trapped with rats feeding on corpses. They faced poisonous gas and enemy shelling and witnessed their ranks reduce rapidly. Aggressive war propaganda and national honor occupied center stage in the public sphere, while popular support grew for conservative dictatorships that had recently come into being. Democracy was indeed a young and fragile idea, which could not survive the instabilities of interwar Europe.

What had a devastating impact on the entire continent, both psychologically and financially? (a) The Civil War in Russia (b) The First World War (c) The Second World War (d) The French Revolution

Answer: (b) The First World War

Why Weimar Republic was unstable. (a) It was impossible to get a majority for one single party. (b) The Weimar Constitution had some internal defects. (c) People lost confidence in the Democratic Parliamentry System. (d) All of the above

Answer: (d) All of the above

Which among the following were the consequences of World War-I? (a) Rule of king ended in Germany (b) New countries wese created (c) Birth rates declined (d) All of the above

Why democracy became a fragile idea after the First World War? (a) It could not survive in the instabilities of Europe due to inter war between different countries. (b) Politicians discarded the concept of democracy. (c) Society was not prepared to accept the idea. (d) All of the above

Two statements are given in the question below as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Assertion (A) After the First World War, Europe faced huge debts. Reason (R) The Weimar Republic of Germany was supported by democrats, socialists, and Catholics. Codes (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A (c) A is true, but R is false (d) A is false, but R is true

Answer: (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

Why, the supporters of Weimar Republic were targeted easily? (a) They were coward (b) They were weak (c) They don’t believe in violence (d) Because conservative nationalist circles were strong.

Answer: (b) They were weak

Case Study 2: The period between World War I and World War II witnessed the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Germany. In the aftermath of World War I, Germany was facing economic instability, political unrest, and social upheaval. Hitler, an influential speaker, and a charismatic leader, took advantage of these conditions to build a strong political base. The Nazi Party propagated extreme nationalist and anti-Semitic ideologies, blaming various groups, particularly Jews, for Germany’s problems. Hitler’s rhetoric appealed to a disillusioned population seeking a strong leader who promised economic recovery, national pride, and the restoration of Germany’s past glory. Through clever propaganda, strategic alliances, and the creation of a totalitarian regime, Hitler eventually became the Chancellor of Germany in 1933

What were the main factors contributing to the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Germany? a) Economic stability and social harmony b) Political unity and international cooperation c) Economic instability and political unrest d) Social equality and cultural diversity

Answer: c) Economic instability and political unrest

What kind of ideologies did the Nazi Party propagate? a) Democratic and inclusive ideologies b) Extreme nationalist and anti-Semitic ideologies c) Socialist and egalitarian ideologies d) Pacifist and humanitarian ideologies

Answer: b) Extreme nationalist and anti-Semitic ideologies

Who did Hitler and the Nazi Party primarily blame for Germany’s problems? a) Political leaders b) Intellectuals and artists c) Military officials d) Jews and other targeted groups

Answer: d) Jews and other targeted groups

What qualities or characteristics appealed to the German population in Hitler’s leadership? a) Charismatic and influential speaker b) Advocate for social equality c) Promoter of international cooperation d) Supporter of cultural diversity

Answer: a) Charismatic and influential speaker

How did Hitler eventually attain power in Germany? a) Through democratic elections b) By overthrowing the existing government c) Through international intervention d) By forming strategic alliances and becoming the Chancellor

Answer: d) By forming strategic alliances and becoming the Chancellor

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RD Sharma Solutions , RS Aggarwal Solutions and NCERT Solutions

NCERT Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 2 Questions and Answers Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

August 21, 2024 by Prasanna

Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution NCERT Class 9th SST History Chapter 2 Question And Answer

Socialism in europe and the russian revolution class 9 questions and answers.

These Solutions are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science . Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution. Free PDF download of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science (India and the Contemporary World – I) Chapter 2 – Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution. All questions are explained by the expert Social Science teacher and as per NCERT (CBSE) guidelines.

Question 1. What were the social, economic, and political conditions in Russia before 1905? Answer: The social, economic and political conditions in Russia, before 1905 was quite backward. Social inequality was very prominent among the working class. Workers were divided on the basis of their occupation. Workers whose jobs needed skill and training considered themselves on a higher plane than the untrained worker. Workers had strong links to the villages they came from and this also caused a social divide among workers.

Economically Russia was going through a very difficult period. The population had doubled and the economic conditions turned from bad to worse. The government introduced new programmes of industrialization which created employment. This Industrialization did not help the workers who were exploited and their living conditions only worsened.

Compared to other European nations, Russia was politically backward, during the thirteenth century. All political parties were illegal in Russia before 1914. The Russian peasants formed the Socialist Revolutionary Party in 1900, but as they were not a united group they were not considered to be part of a socialist movement.

Question 2. In what ways was the working population in Russia different from other countries in Europe, before 1917? Answer: The working population in Russia was different from that of those in other countries in Europe before 1917 in the following ways.

• The vast majority of Russians were agriculturalists. This proportion was higher than in most European countries. In France and Germany, this proportion was between 40% and 50%.
• The cultivators in Russia produced for the markets as well as for their own needs.
• Workers were divided social groups on the basis of skill. Metalworkers considered themselves aristocrats among other workers as their occupation demanded more training and skills.
• Peasants in Russia had no respect for the nobility. Nobles got their power and position through the Tsar and not through local popularity, whereas in countries like France, peasants respected nobles.
• In Russia, peasants had pooled their land together and divided the profits according to the family needs. In other parts of the world, agriculture was done individually by the peasants.

Question 3. Why did the Tsarist autocracy in Russia collapse in 1917? Answer: During the winter of 1917, factory workers faced acute food shortages and extreme cold climate. Dissatisfaction was raging high among the workers.

A factory lockout on the right bank of the river Neva, triggered a strike in the month of February, 1917. 50 other factories joined in the strike. In many factories women led the strike. The government tried many measures to contain the strike. Curfew was imposed, the cavalry and police were called out to suppress the workers. The dissatisfied worker could not be contained. On the 27 th of February, the Police Head Quarters’ were ransacked.

The turning point of this revolt was when the government regiments joined the striking workers. They formed the ‘ Soviet’ or ‘Council’. The Tsar was advised to abdicate. Thus the February Revolution brought down the monarchy in 1917.

Question 4. Make two lists: one with the main events and effects of the February Revolution and the other with the main events and effects of the October Revolution. Write a paragraph on who was involved in each, who were the leaders and what the impact of each was on Soviet history. Answer:

No political party was involved in the February Revolution. It was a combined effort of the workers of fifty factories along with women who took up the leadership.

October Revolution:

Lenin led the October Revolution along with Leon Trotskii. Bolshevik supporters in army, Soviets and factories were mobilised for mass struggle. Lenin rose to power and set up a Bolshevik government in Soviet Russia.

Question 5. What were the main changes brought about by the Bolsheviks immediately after the October Revolution? Answer:

• Banks and Industries were nationalised.
• Land was declared as social property.
• Peasants seized land from the nobility.
• Large houses were partitioned according to family requirements.
• The use of old titles by aristocrats was banned.
• New uniforms were introduced for the army and officials. The famous soviet hat (budeonovka) was introduced.

Question 6. Write a few lines to show what you know about: (a) Kulaks (b) the Duma (c) women workers between 1900 and 1930 (d) the Liberals (e) Stalin’s collectivisation programme Answer: (i) Kulaks Well-to-do peasants were called ‘ kulaks’ during Stalin’s leadership. As food shortage continued Stalin decided to introduce the Collectivisation Programme. Under this programme, ‘kulaks’ were eliminated. That is land from these well-to-do peasants was forcibly taken and large state-controlled farms were established. This was done to modernize farming and increase production.

(ii) The Duma The Duma is an elected consultative Parliament, which was set up during the 1905 Revolution. Though the Duma was accepted by the Tsar, they were constantly dismissed by the Tsar and new ones were set up. After the February Revolution when the Monarchy was overthrown, Duma leaders and Soviet leaders formed a Provisional Government in Russia.

(iii)Women workers between 1900 and 1930 Women workers made up 31% of the factory labour in the 1900s. They were paid only half or three-quarters of the men’s wages. During the February Revolution in 1917, many women workers led the strikes. The condition of the women workers continued to be grim until the 1930s. Slowly conditions improved and crèches were set up in factories for the children of women workers.

(iv) The Liberals After the French Revolution people wanted a transformation in society. Many groups were formed with this intention. One such group was the ‘Liberals’. The Liberals wanted a nation with religious tolerance and individual rights. Though they wanted an elected parliamentary government, they wanted only men of property to have the right to vote. They were against women voting.

(v) Stalins collectivization programme Stalin believed that collectivization of agriculture would help in improving grains supplies in Russia. He began collectivization in 1929. All peasants were forced to cultivate in collective farms (kolhoz). The bulk of land and implements were transferred to the ownership of the collective farm. Many peasants protested such attempts and destroyed livestock to show their anger. Collectivization did not bring the desired results in the food supply situation turned even worse in subsequent years.

Hope given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 2  are helpful to complete your homework.

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Class 9 Social Science History Questions and Answers 

• Class 9 History Chapter 1 Questions And Answers
• Class 9 History Chapter 2 Questions And Answers
• Class 9 History Chapter 3 Questions And Answers
• Class 9 History Chapter 4 Questions And Answers
• Class 9 History Chapter 5 Questions And Answers
• Class 9 History Chapter 6 Questions And Answers

• Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Case Study Social Science Geography Chapter 2

Last Updated on September 3, 2024 by XAM CONTENT

Hello students, we are providing case study questions for class 10 social science. Case study questions are the new question format that is introduced in CBSE board. The resources for case study questions are very less. So, to help students we have created chapterwise case study questions for class 10 social science. In this article, you will find case study for CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources. It is a part of Case Study Questions for CBSE Class 10 Social Science Series.

Table of Contents

Case Study Questions on Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10

Read the following passage and answer the questions:

Nature worship is an age old tribal belief based on the premise that all creations of nature have to be protected. Such beliefs have preserved several virgin forests in pristine form called Sacred Groves (the forests of God and Goddesses). These patches of forest or parts of large forests have been left untouched by the local people and any interference with them is banned.

Certain societies revere a particular tree which they have preserved from time immemorial. The Mundas and the Santhal of Chota Nagpur region worship mahua (Bassia latifolia) and kadamba (Anthocaphalus cadamba) trees, and the tribals of Odisha and Bihar worship the tamarind (Tamarindus indica) and mango (Mangifera indica) trees during weddings. To many of us, peepal and banyan trees are considered sacred.

Indian society comprises several cultures, each with its own set of traditional methods of conserving nature and its creations. Sacred qualities are often ascribed to springs, mountain peaks, plants and animals which are closely protected. You will find troops of macaques and langurs around many temples. They are fed daily and treated as a part of temple devotees. In and around Bishnoi villages in Rajasthan, herds of blackbuck, (chinkara), nilgai and peacocks can be seen as an integral part of the community and nobody harms them.

Q. 1. How is nature worship an age old tribal belief ? Ans. Nature worship is an age old tribal belief as it is based on the promise that all creations of nature have to be protected. Such beliefs have preserved several virgin forests in pristine form called Sacred groves. These patches of forests, have been left untouched by the local people and any interference with them is banned.

Q. 2. Which tribal societies used to worship tress during weddings? Ans. The Mundas and the Santhal of Chota Nagpur region worship mahua (Bassia latifolia) and Kadamba trees. The tribes of Odisha and Bihar worship the tamarind and mango trees during weddings.

Q. 3. Name the animals that are treated as a part of temple devotees and the community. Ans. The animals that are treated as a part of temple devotees and the community are macaques and langurs while the herds of blackbuck, nilgai and peacocks can be seen as an integral part of community in and around Rajasthan.

• Power Sharing Class 10 Case Study Social Science Political Science Chapter 1
• Resources and Development Class 10 Case Study Social Science Geography Chapter 1
• The Making of a Global World Class 10 Case Study Social Science History Chapter 3

Nationalism in India Class 10 Case Study Social Science History Chapter 2

The rise of nationalism in europe class 10 case study social science history chapter 1, topics from which case study questions may be asked.

• Examine the importance of conserving forests and wild life and their interdependency in maintaining the ecology for the sustainable development of India.
• Analyse the role of grazing and wood cutting in the development and degradation
• Comprehends the reasons for conservation of biodiversity in India under sustainable development.

We humans along with all living organisms form a complex web of ecological system in which we are only a part of and very much dependent on this system for our own existence. Forests play a key role in the ecological system as these are also the primary producers on which all other living beings depend.

The famous Chipko movement in the Himalayas has not only successfully resisted deforestation in several areas but has also shown that community afforestation with indigenous species can be enormously successful.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Case Study

Q1: what are case study questions.

A1: Case study questions are a type of question that presents a detailed scenario or a real-life situation related to a specific topic. Students are required to analyze the situation, apply their knowledge, and provide answers or solutions based on the information given in the case study. These questions help students develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

Q2: How should I approach case study questions in exams?

A2: To approach case study questions effectively, follow these steps: Read the case study carefully: Understand the scenario and identify the key points. Analyze the information: Look for clues and relevant details that will help you answer the questions. Apply your knowledge: Use what you have learned in your course to interpret the case study and answer the questions. Structure your answers: Write clear and concise responses, making sure to address all parts of the question.

Q3: What are the benefits of practicing case study questions from your website?

A3: Practicing case study questions from our website offers several benefits: Enhanced understanding: Our case studies are designed to deepen your understanding of historical events and concepts. Exam preparation: Regular practice helps you become familiar with the format and types of questions you might encounter in exams. Critical thinking: Analyzing case studies improves your ability to think critically and make connections between different historical events and ideas. Confidence: Practicing with our materials can boost your confidence and improve your performance in exams.

Q4: What do you know about ‘Permanent forest estates’?

A4: Reserved and protected forests are also called as ‘Permanent forest estates’. These forest estates are maintained for the purpose of producing timber and other forest produce and for other protective reasons.

Q5: What is the main reason for the depletion of flora and fauna?

A5: Insensitivity to our environment is the main reason for the depletion of flora and fauna.

Q6: What is flora and fauna?

A6: Plants of particular region or period are referred to as flora. Species of animals of particular region or period are referred as fauna.

Q7: Why is it necessary to increase the area of forest in India?

A7: It is necessary to increase the area of forest in India due to the following reasons: (i) Forests play a key role in the ecological systems these are the primary producers on which all other living beings depend. (ii) Many forest dependent communities directly depends on them for food, drink, medicine, culture, spirituality, etc. (iii) Forest provide us timber. (iv) Forests also provide bamboo, wood for fuel, grass, charcoal, fruits, flowers, etc.

Q8: What is Joint Forest Management Programme? Which was the first state to adopt this programme?

A8: A programme which involves local communities in the management and restoration of degraded forests is called Joint Forest Management Programme. It involves local communities and land managed by forest department. Its major purpose is to protect the forests from encroachments, grazing, theft and fire and also to improve the forests in accordance with an approved Joint Forest Management Plan. This programme was first adopted in 1988 by the state of Odisha.

Q9: Which agency manages forests in India? Name three broad categories in which the forests are classified.

A9: The forests in India are owned and managed by the government through the Forest Department. They are classified under the following categories: (i) Reserved Forests (ii) Protected Forests (iii) Unclassed Forests

Q10: Explain the role of human in resource development.

A10: Human is at the centre of resource development. Actually all resources become resources only when they are put to use by humans. It is human who makes natural things usable with the help of technology. Had no technology been there, development would not have been possible. There are regions where natural resources are in abundance but the regions are not developed, e.g., Africa. But if humans are developed, they make the region developed with technology, e.g., Japan.

Q11: Are there any online resources or tools available for practicing “ Forest and Wildlife Resources” case study questions?

A11: We provide case study questions for CBSE Class 10 Social Science on our  website . Students can visit the website and practice sufficient case study questions and prepare for their exams.

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