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2022 NIGP Forum & Product Exposition - National Institute Of Governmental Purchasing

• Trade Shows
• Boston Convention & Exhibition Center, Boston, Massachusetts
• Aug 20 - 24, 2022 Hybrid
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NIGP’s Forum and Products Exposition is the largest conference for public procurement professionals in North America.

Why Attend – 2022

The Forum will provide attendees the opportunity to interact with the full range of public sector procurement departments, as well as a diverse spectrum of suppliers who enable community growth.

Program highlights include 5 keynote experiences, 70+ live learning sessions, 10 interactive workshops, 16 critical conversations, 300+ exhibitors at face-to-face products expo, 12 supplier topical networking sessions, and fun social events.

Attendees also will be able to earn 20.5 contact hours.

Why Exhibit – 2022

The largest educational conference will be attended by government purchasing officials representing diverse agencies from the U.S. and Canada.

The expo is the premier event for government suppliers to showcase their products and services. For suppliers, the Forum is an excellent opportunity to engage in professional development and to discover new products and services.

National Institute of Governmental Purchasing, Inc. (NIGP) is a 501(c)3 not-for-profit educational association. In 2011, they adopted NIGP: The Institute for Public Procurement as the go-to-market identity for the Institute to promote their leadership role in supporting public procurement practitioners.

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Results of a Survey Measuring Business Tax Compliance Costs

Key findings.

• Studies indicate that tax A tax is a mandatory payment or charge collected by local, state, and national governments from individuals or businesses to cover the costs of general government services, goods, and activities. complexity and compliance costs are on the rise, with much of the compliance burden attributable to business income taxes. To better understand business tax compliance costs in light of recent tax and regulatory developments, we surveyed 21 large multinational enterprises (MNEs).
• In total, as of tax year 2022 or 2023, the companies spent $537 million on income tax compliance, an average of $25.6 million per company, including $282 million for foreign income tax compliance, $194 million for federal income tax compliance, and $61 million for state and local income tax compliance.
• While the sample size is small and limited to relatively large companies, evidence points to economies of scale in tax compliance costs, meaning smaller companies are disproportionately burdened and disadvantaged by tax complexity.
• All companies indicated an increase in income tax complexity since 2017, with a weighted average increase in funds dedicated to compliance costs of 32 percent from 2017 to 2023. Most companies attributed compliance cost growth primarily to increasingly complicated international rules, including the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) reforms. Several companies also cited the new corporate alternative minimum tax enacted as part of the Inflation Inflation is when the general price of goods and services increases across the economy, reducing the purchasing power of a currency and the value of certain assets. The same paycheck covers less goods, services, and bills. It is sometimes referred to as a “ hidden tax ,” as it leaves taxpayers less well-off due to higher costs and “bracket creep,” while increasing the government’s spending power. Reduction Act, as well as the OECD’s Pillar Two rules and the TCJA provision requiring research and development amortization.
• On average, companies estimated that 43 percent of their federal income tax compliance costs were due to rules relating to foreign-source income.
• Lawmakers should consider simplifying reforms, including reducing unnecessary information reporting, especially for foreign operations, and eliminating one or more layers of minimum tax. More fundamental reforms should also be considered, such as Estonia ’s much simpler distributed profits tax A distributed profits tax is a business-level tax levied on companies when they distribute profits to shareholders, including through dividends and net share repurchases (stock buybacks). .

Introduction

The US federal income tax code is staggeringly complex, the result of decades of legislative and regulatory additions punctuated only rarely by efforts to streamline and simplify certain rules. However, the net effect has been a trend toward more income tax complexity and with it a growing burden of compliance costs.

As one measure, a recent study finds that the length of the Internal Revenue Code has grown about 40 percent over the last three decades, from 3.1 million words in 1994 to 4.3 million words in 2021 (for context, the King James Bible is about 783,000 words). The study also compares tax codes across six countries, finding the US has by far the longest and most complex tax code. [1]

To meet a requirement of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) provide regular estimates of the time it takes taxpayers to complete each tax form. [2] The latest estimates indicate Americans will spend more than 7.9 billion hours complying with the federal tax code in 2024. Multiplying these hours by an average hourly compensation yields an aggregate compliance cost of about $413 billion. The IRS estimates Americans spend an additional $133 billion on out-of-pocket costs to comply with the tax code, resulting in total compliance costs of $546 billion in 2024—almost 2 percent of GDP. [3]

The IRS/OIRA-based estimates indicate much of the compliance burden is due to rules related to taxing business income. The compliance cost associated with corporate income tax A corporate income tax (CIT) is levied by federal and state governments on business profits. Many companies are not subject to the CIT because they are taxed as pass-through businesses , with income reportable under the individual income tax . returns is nearly $119 billion, and quarterly tax filings and depreciation Depreciation is a measurement of the “useful life” of a business asset, such as machinery or a factory, to determine the multiyear period over which the cost of that asset can be deducted from taxable income . Instead of allowing businesses to deduct the cost of investments immediately (i.e., full expensing ), depreciation requires deductions to be taken over time, reducing their value and discouraging investment. schedules cost businesses an additional $70 billion annually. Pass-through businesses that file under the individual income tax An individual income tax (or personal income tax) is levied on the wages, salaries, investments, or other forms of income an individual or household earns. The U.S. imposes a progressive income tax where rates increase with income. The Federal Income Tax was established in 1913 with the ratification of the 16th Amendment . Though barely 100 years old, individual income taxes are the largest source of tax revenue in the U.S. code bear a substantial portion of the $145 billion compliance cost associated with individual income tax returns, as well as the $19 billion compliance cost related to the pass-through business A pass-through business is a sole proprietorship, partnership, or S corporation that is not subject to the corporate income tax ; instead, this business reports its income on the individual income tax returns of the owners and is taxed at individual income tax rates. deduction.

A limited number of other studies gauge US business tax compliance costs in ways that are comparable across countries, generally finding the US has a relatively complicated business tax code leading to relatively high costs for US business taxpayers. [4]

Understanding the drivers of compliance costs for business income taxes, how they affect companies and the broader economy, and how recent legislation and regulatory developments are likely to change compliance costs can shed light on where to concentrate reform efforts.

In some areas, the degree to which the IRS/OIRA-based estimates account for recent developments is not entirely clear. In particular, the new corporate alternative minimum tax (CAMT), enacted as part of the Inflation Reduction Act in 2022, targets US corporations with $1 billion or more of adjusted financial statement income ( book income Book income is the amount of income corporations publicly report on their financial statements to shareholders. This measure is useful for assessing the financial health of a business but often does not reflect economic reality and can result in a firm appearing profitable while paying little or no income tax. ) and is likely to significantly increase compliance costs. [5] As well, the Organisation for Co-operation and Development’s (OECD) Pillar Two initiative is leading several countries to implement minimum taxes that could apply to the worldwide book income of US-based multinational enterprises (MNEs), creating an additional complex layer of tax that varies by country. [6]

A recent survey by Deloitte of more than 1,000 tax and finance executives within the Forbes Global 2000 set of MNEs indicates that the biggest challenge faced by these professionals is “increasingly burdensome and complex tax reporting and data collection requirements.” [7] Tax reporting outranks other concerns including the OECD Pillar Two initiative, changing patterns of remote work, and increased environmental taxation, although rising compliance costs are an aspect of these other concerns, especially Pillar Two.

To that point, Deloitte also recently surveyed more than 500 tax leaders and CFOs of MNEs potentially subject to the Pillar Two rules, finding these professionals expect the rules to result in substantial new compliance cost burdens. [8] Among respondents, 70 percent expected to spend $500,000 or more annually on compliance costs related to Pillar Two, and 25 percent expected to spend more than $1 million. Meanwhile, only 53 percent of respondents anticipate their businesses will incur higher taxes as a result of Pillar Two, indicating that a large share of companies expect the compliance costs of Pillar Two to exceed the associated tax liabilities. In addition, 77 percent of respondents indicated it is very likely or moderately likely that Pillar Two will lead to more tax disputes due to the “complexity of the new rules, lack of clarity and certainty, and varying interpretations by countries.”

Contributing to efforts to better understand business tax compliance costs in light of recent developments, we fielded a survey to measure the compliance costs associated with business income taxes at the federal, state and local, and international levels. Many of the questions were based on an earlier survey by Joel Slemrod and Marsha Blumenthal, with updates and expansions to cover current developments and foreign business income taxes, resulting in a detailed and comprehensive questionnaire. [9] We solicited responses from hundreds of businesses with a US presence and received completed responses from a small sample (21) of relatively large MNEs. While the small sample limits the conclusions we can draw, we are still able to identify several key insights because these are companies likely to have direct experience with the new US CAMT, OECD Pillar Two rules, and other taxes and reporting requirements aimed at large MNEs. Our paper provides a summary of the main results and analysis of the survey.

Survey Results and Analysis

In May and June of 2024, we solicited responses to the survey by emailing dozens of large companies and several business associations that agreed to participate by sending the survey to their members (see appendix for a copy of the survey questionnaire and methodology). Over the course of June, July, and early August, 21 companies submitted responses to the survey.

Company Characteristics

All 21 companies that responded to the survey are MNEs, and 20 of the 21 are based in the US. The companies represent a range of industries, including manufacturing, finance and insurance, wholesale and retail, information, transportation and warehousing, mining, and services.

The companies range in size but are relatively large. Among respondents, the average number of worldwide employees is about 148,000; five companies have between 500 and 10,000 employees, eight companies have between 10,000 and 100,000, and the remaining eight companies have more than 100,000 employees. Most respondents indicated that the majority of their worldwide employment is in the US. In total, respondents reported about 2 million US employees, representing about 1.4 percent of US employment (full-time equivalents), and about 3.1 million worldwide employees. [10] The companies reported total worldwide assets of about $4.4 trillion, with an average of $222 billion, and total worldwide receipts or sales of about $1.7 trillion, with an average of $81 billion, as of 2022 or 2023.

All respondents were C corporations that filed a consolidated federal tax return that included several entities (on average about 212). [11] Most respondents (16) referred to tax year 2022, while four referred to a tax year ending in 2023, and one did not indicate a year. Most respondents reported filing several thousand pages as part of their federal tax return, with an average length of 10,567 pages and a median of 6,050 pages; six reported a length in excess of 13,000 pages, 13 reported a length between 1,000 and 13,000 pages, and one reported a length between 500 and 1,000 pages.

In addition, most respondents indicated they completed several other federal income tax filings over the past year (including for estimated tax, request for extension, and amended or corrected returns), with an average of about 42 total federal income tax filings per company. To comply with income taxes at the state and local levels, respondents made an average of 554 state income tax filings over the past year, plus an average of about 170 local income tax filings. All respondents reported significant foreign activity, with an average of about 764 foreign income tax filings made over the last year. In total, including income tax filings at all levels of government, most respondents indicated they completed several hundred or several thousand income tax filings over the past year, with an average of 1,381 and a median of 567.

Regarding the CAMT—which was enacted in 2022 and went into effect January 1, 2023, but continues to lack final regulations—18 of the 21 surveyed companies indicated they have not been subject to it and only five companies expect to be subject to it within the next two years. Of the six companies with a current or expected CAMT liability, there is no indication they are relatively large compared to other companies in the sample, even though CAMT targets companies with $1 billion or more of income. The group of six includes some of the smallest and largest companies in the sample (measured by employees, assets, or sales), and by some measures, the companies are relatively small compared to the sample average and median. Note, however, that the survey did not ask respondents to report their income, and it is possible that even the smallest companies in the sample have income above $1 billion.

Of the 18 companies indicating they have not been subject to CAMT, all 18 indicated they have gone through the effort of calculating the CAMT liability or otherwise made calculations to determine if they are in scope. Consistent with recent studies, our findings indicate a much larger set of companies are expending resources to comply with the CAMT than are actually paying tax under its rules. [12]

Measures of Compliance Costs

Our survey asked companies to estimate the number of full-time equivalent (FTE) staff devoted to business income tax at the federal, state and local, and foreign levels. Companies provided a range of responses: six companies had a staff size exceeding 100, eight companies had between 20 and 100 staff, and the remaining seven companies had fewer than 20 staff. In total, the companies had 1,405 FTEs devoted to income tax compliance, with about 63 percent devoted to foreign income tax, 27 percent to federal income tax, and 9 percent to state and local income tax. Larger tax departments tended to have a greater share of staff devoted to foreign income tax.

As a share of total company employment, staff devoted to income tax compliance was about 0.05 percent on average, but the ratio varied considerably across companies, with smaller companies having a much larger ratio. Among the five smallest companies by total employment, the average share of staff devoted to income tax compliance was about 0.5 percent, 10 times larger than for the sample as a whole. Across the sample, company size as measured by employment is negatively correlated (-0.22) with the share of company employment devoted to income tax compliance. Our results are consistent with other studies finding economies of scale in tax compliance costs. [13]

Reflecting the variation in staff size, companies varied in how much they spent on salaries and other compensation for all staff devoted to income tax compliance. The six largest tax departments each spent in excess of $10 million, eight companies spent between $5 million and $10 million, and the remaining seven companies spent less than $5 million. In total, the companies spent $251 million on staff devoted to income tax compliance, with about 54 percent devoted to foreign income tax, 35 percent to federal income tax, and 11 percent to state and local income tax. Larger tax departments tended to have a greater share of compensation devoted to foreign income tax.

By task, the largest portion of compliance cost measured by compensation was for filing returns (27 percent), followed by preparing information for financial statements and related reporting (18 percent); planning (11 percent); dealing with other personnel (11 percent); audits, appeals, and litigation (10 percent); keeping records (9 percent); researching tax laws and filing requirements (7 percent); and monitoring and participating in the tax policy process (5 percent).

In addition to compensation, companies in the sample spent a total of $71 million on non-personnel costs for income tax compliance (e.g., for computers, software, record storage and retrieval, office space, general supplies, copying, travel, research subscriptions, and training, etc.)—on average about $3.4 million per company. On average, 51 percent of this cost was for foreign income tax compliance, 36 percent was for federal income tax compliance, and 11 percent was for state and local income tax compliance. Combined, including compensation and non-personnel costs, the companies spent $322 million on in-house costs for income tax compliance, an average of $15.3 million per company.

Companies spent an additional $215 million on outside tax assistance related to income tax compliance, an average of $10.2 million per company. On average, 51 percent of this cost was for foreign income tax compliance, 37 percent was for federal income tax compliance, and 12 percent was for state and local income tax compliance. Accounting firms received the largest portion (69 percent) of this expenditure, followed by law firms (26 percent), and other firms (5 percent). Outside tax assistance was primarily for planning (25 percent), filing (24 percent), and audits, appeals, and litigation (23 percent), and to a lesser degree for researching tax laws (10 percent), monitoring and participating in the tax policy process (8 percent), and other tasks (each less than 5 percent).

In total, combining in-house and external costs, the companies spent $537 million on income tax compliance, an average of $25.6 million per company. Of the total, $282 million (53 percent) was for foreign income tax compliance, $194 million (36 percent) was for federal income tax compliance, and $61 million (11 percent) was for state and local income tax compliance.

As a share of total company revenues, total compliance costs amounted to 0.03 percent on average, but this varied considerably across companies. As with employment, compliance cost as a share of revenue is negatively correlated (-0.24) with revenue, again pointing to economies of scale in compliance costs. These results hold when looking at compliance cost as a share of assets, which is 0.01 percent on average but higher for smaller companies: compliance cost as a share of assets is negatively correlated (-0.31) with assets. [14]

Causes of Compliance Costs and Suggested Reforms

When asked to name aspects of the current tax code that are most responsible for the cost of complying with federal income tax, companies most commonly cited international rules, especially the TCJA reforms (GILTI, BEAT, and FDII), as well as Subpart F, foreign tax credit A tax credit is a provision that reduces a taxpayer’s final tax bill, dollar-for-dollar. A tax credit differs from deductions and exemptions, which reduce taxable income, rather than the taxpayer’s tax bill directly. rules, and reporting requirements for controlled foreign corporations (particularly Form 5471). On average, companies estimated that 43 percent of their federal income tax compliance costs were due to rules relating to foreign-source income. [15]

Several companies also mentioned the rules regarding research and development (R&D), including the R&D credit as well as the new requirement to amortize R&D costs over the course of 5 years in the case of domestic R&D or 15 years in the case of foreign R&D. While the R&D credit has been a complicated aspect of the code since 1981, the requirement to amortize R&D is new as of 2022, due to a TCJA provision. Prior to that, companies were simply allowed to fully deduct (expense) R&D costs in the year incurred.

Other provisions mentioned by more than one respondent include the new CAMT, the Pillar Two rules (another minimum tax requiring another set of books), and rules relating to transfer pricing, depreciation, and interest disallowance.

When asked to name aspects of the current tax code that are most responsible for the cost of complying with state income tax, companies most commonly mentioned states decoupling from federal rules and the general lack of conformity and standardization across states. Companies also named many of the same federal issues, including GILTI and foreign income inclusions, depreciation rules, and interest disallowance rules. More than one company also mentioned apportionment Apportionment is the determination of the percentage of a business’ profits subject to a given jurisdiction’s corporate income or other business taxes. U.S. states apportion business profits based on some combination of the percentage of company property, payroll, and sales located within their borders. rules. When asked to name jurisdictions where compliance costs are most attributable, companies most commonly mentioned California , as well as New York (state and city), Massachusetts , Texas , and Illinois .

When asked to name aspects of the current tax code that are most responsible for the cost of complying with foreign income tax, several companies mentioned transfer pricing rules, as well as Pillar Two and the challenge of operating in multiple countries. When asked to name jurisdictions where compliance costs are most attributable, companies most commonly mentioned the UK and India, as well as Australia .

Perhaps not surprisingly, every company in the sample indicated tax complexity has increased since 2017. The average company estimated a 29 percent increase in its funds allocated for income tax compliance between 2017 and 2023, a 32 percent increase for the sample when weighted by compliance cost. When asked to name aspects of the tax system, including federal income tax, state and local income tax, and foreign income tax, that have increased complexity the most since 2017, the largest number of companies (over half the sample) mentioned the international rules, including the TCJA reforms (GILTI, FDII, BEAT). Several other companies mentioned the new CAMT, Pillar Two rules, and the requirement to amortize R&D. When asked to name areas of the tax code that have become simpler, most companies answered with “none” or something similar.

About one-third of companies indicated they were dissatisfied with their interactions with the IRS. In describing reasons for dissatisfaction, companies noted unnecessary delays, errors, and litigation caused by a lack of experience and turnover at the IRS, as well as bureaucratic processes, a lack of transparency, and a lack of communication across teams. In general, companies indicated little has changed over the last two years regarding their level of satisfaction with IRS interactions. Most companies (18 of 21) indicated they were currently under examination by or have tax years before appeals or under litigation with the IRS. [16]

Several companies (10) indicated tax complexity is a major factor in either location, investment, or planning decisions. Only a slightly larger number of companies (12) indicated income tax liability is a major factor in those decisions.

Companies were asked to suggest reforms to reduce compliance costs, and they offered several ideas. More than one company recommended reducing information forms, unnecessary filings, and disclosure reporting when no liability exists (such as for BEAT and CAMT); streamlining Form 5471 reporting for controlled foreign corporations; eliminating tax regimes based on book income; and avoiding retroactivity and temporary changes.

Business income taxes have become extraordinarily complex, particularly for large MNEs operating in multiple jurisdictions across the US and internationally. Multiple layers of minimum taxes, including the new CAMT and the OECD Pillar Two rules, on top of the TCJA’s complex international reforms (including GILTI, another minimum tax), and other changes under the TCJA, such as R&D amortization, have led to a substantial increase in compliance costs since 2017. Large companies may be able to absorb these costs, master the new rules, and handle additional waves of complexity and uncertainty due to economies of scale in compliance costs. However, complex policies may be reducing dynamism and competition more broadly in the economy, to the extent they present barriers to entry for, say, domestic companies seeking to grow internationally, or mid-sized companies seeking to become large companies. In other words, the case for simpler taxes is really made by considering the impacts on the millions of smaller companies and potential companies that would be allowed to flourish absent the complexities of today’s tax system.

The companies that responded to the survey have suggested many sensible reforms to simplify business taxes, including reducing unnecessary information reporting, especially regarding foreign operations. It is also a good idea to eliminate one or more of the minimum taxes, such as CAMT, that require companies to keep multiple sets of books. Streamlining the treatment of R&D would also make sense. More fundamental reforms to business tax should also be considered, such as the much simpler distributed profits tax that Estonia has implemented. [17] In general, lawmakers should consider compliance costs—not just tax liabilities—when evaluating reforms to business income taxation.

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Appendix: Survey Methodology, Initial Request and Questionnaire

We created a survey to measure tax compliance costs associated with business income taxes at the federal, state and local, and international levels. The survey includes a questionnaire with 62 questions grouped into four sections, a copy of which is provided below. The first section asks about company characteristics, the second section about in-house compliance costs, the third section about external compliance costs, and the fourth section about attitudes and suggestions for reform. Many of the questions are based on an earlier survey by Joel Slemrod and Marsha Blumenthal with updates and expansions to cover current developments and foreign business income taxes. [1] We used Survey Monkey to create a web-based survey instrument that includes the questionnaire, an introduction, and instructions.

On May 29, 2024, we sent emails to several dozen companies that have a pre-existing relationship with the Tax Foundation requesting they complete the survey by July 12, 2024, attaching a PDF copy of the questionnaire, introduction, and instructions. We also sent the request to several business associations that agreed to participate by sending the survey to their members (the Business Roundtable, U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Global Business Alliance, and American Petroleum Institute). We sent periodic reminders in June and July, extended the deadline, and closed the survey in mid-August.

A total of 21 companies completed the survey sufficiently to be included, with some companies submitting the survey by filling out the PDF and sending it by email. We then validated and corrected the responses in some cases, e.g., so that all responses were in the requested units and consistent with other available information about the company. In a small number of cases where responses were missing, we imputed responses using other available information about the company and average relationships between variables for the sample as a whole.

The following is the text of the initial request and the survey questionnaire:

Initial Request

Dear [recipient],

The business community is well aware of the increasing complexity of the tax system and the rising cost of complying with it. However, there is little in the way of research to shed light on the degree to which tax compliance cost has increased in recent years, and the factors that are driving it, despite the fact that business taxes in the US have changed dramatically in recent years through major legislation, such as the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act, as well as OECD rulemaking impacting international taxes. What we do know, from IRS surveys of US taxpayers, is that federal tax compliance cost is in aggregate on the order of $300 billion annually, and businesses bear the lion’s share of this cost via additional operating expenses.

Tax Foundation is researching tax compliance costs with this survey [HTML link to Survey Monkey interactive survey], and we would welcome your participation in this important work. We are asking several hundred companies with a US presence to participate.

All results will be anonymous and aggregated. Separate company data will not be disclosed. A final published analysis is planned for this September. While not required, please share your contact information in the survey for any follow-up questions.

Please complete the survey by July 12. If you have any questions, please contact Will McBride ([email protected]). Thank you.

Daniel Bunn, President and CEO

Download Survey Questionnaire

[1] Joel Slemrod and Marsha Blumenthal, “The Income Tax Compliance Cost of Big Business,” Tax Foundation, Nov. 1, 1993, https://taxfoundation.org/research/all/federal/income-tax-compliance-cost-big-business/ .

[1] Youssef Benzarti and Luisa Wallossek, “Rising Income Tax Complexity,” NBER Working Paper 31944, December 2023, https://www.nber.org/papers/w31944 .

[2] John Guyton, Pat Langetieg, Pete Rose, Brenda Schafer, and Sherri Edelman, “Taxpayer Compliance Burden,” IRS Publication 5743, February 2023, https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p5743.pdf .

[3] Scott Hodge and Claire Rock, “Tax Complexity Now Costs the U.S. Economy Over $546 Billion Annually,” Tax Foundation, Aug. 6, 2024, https://taxfoundation.org/data/all/federal/irs-tax-compliance-costs/ . For a review of related studies and a discussion of the larger topic of deadweight loss associated with the tax code, see Jason J. Fichtner and Jacob M. Feldman, “The Hidden Costs of Tax Compliance,” Mercatus Center, May 20, 2013, http://mercatus.org/sites/default/files/Fichtner_TaxCompliance_v3.pdf .

[4] Diego D’Andria and Mareike Heinemann, “Overview on the Tax Compliance Costs Face by European Enterprises – with a Focus on SMEs,” European Parliament, February 2023, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2023/642353/IPOL_STU(2023)642353_EN.pdf ; World Bank Group and PwC, Paying Taxes 2020 , Nov. 26, 2019, https://archive.doingbusiness.org/en/reports/thematic-reports/paying-taxes-2020; Alex Mengden, “International Tax Competitiveness Index 2023,” Tax Foundation, Oct. 18, 2023, https://taxfoundation.org/research/all/global/2023-international-tax-competitiveness-index/ ; William McBride, Huaqun Li, Garrett Watson, Alex Durante, Erica York, Alex Muresianu, “Details and Analysis of a Tax Reform Plan for Growth and Opportunity,” Tax Foundation, Jun. 29, 2023, https://taxfoundation.org/research/all/federal/growth-opportunity-us-tax-reform-plan/ ; William McBride, Garrett Watson, and Erica York, “Taxing Distributed Profits Makes Business Taxation Simple and Efficient,” Tax Foundation, Mar. 1, 2023, https://taxfoundation.org/blog/distributed-profits-tax-us-businesses/.

[5] William McBride, Alex Muresianu, Erica York, and Michael Hartt, “Inflation Reduction Act One Year After Enactment,” Tax Foundation, Aug. 16, 2023, https://taxfoundation.org/research/all/federal/inflation-reduction-act-taxes/.

[6] Isabella Sara and Sean Bray, “Pillar Two’s Unintended Consequences,” Tax Foundation, Aug. 22, 2024, https://taxfoundation.org/blog/pillar-two-unintended-consequences/ ; Daniel Bunn, “Weeding the Garden of International Tax,” Tax Foundation, Jul. 19, 2023, https://taxfoundation.org/blog/decluttering-international-tax-rules/.

[7] Deloitte, “2024 Global Tax Policy Survey,” Jul. 29, 2024, https://www.deloitte.com/global/en/about/press-room/deloittes-2024-global-tax-policy-survey-reveals-executives-navigating-priorities.html .

[8] Deloitte, “Committed to Compliance: Preparing for Pillar Two,” Jul. 31, 2024, https://www.deloitte.com/content/dam/assets-shared/docs/services/tax/2024/dttl-pillar-two-research-report.pdf .

[9] Joel Slemrod and Marsha Blumenthal, “The Income Tax Compliance Cost of Big Business,” Tax Foundation, Nov. 1, 1993, https://taxfoundation.org/research/all/federal/income-tax-compliance-cost-big-business/ ; See also Arthur P. Hall, “The High Cost of Tax Compliance for U.S. Business,” Tax Foundation, Nov. 1, 1993, https://taxfoundation.org/data/all/federal/high-cost-tax-compliance-us-business/ ; Joel Slemrod and Varsha Venkatesh, “The Income Tax Compliance Cost of Large and Mid-Size Businesses,” Ross School of Business Paper No. 914, September 2002, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=913056 ; Chris Evans, Philip Lignier, and Binh Tran-Nam, “The Tax Compliance Costs of Large Corporations: An Empirical Inquiry and Comparative Analysis,” Canadian Tax Journal 64:4 (2016), https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2909028 .

[10] US employment measured in full-time equivalents was 141.7 million as of 2022. See Bureau of Economic Analysis, “Table 6.5D Full-Time Equivalent Employees by Industry,” https://www.bea.gov/itable/national-gdp-and-personal-income .

[11] One respondent indicated they also filed partnership returns, and another indicated they also filed an insurance return. All but five respondents indicated they also filed one or more unconsolidated tax returns.

[12] For example, a recent study finds that about 80 companies are expected to pay incremental tax under the CAMT rules but a total of about 268 are expected to be in scope. See Jennifer Blouin and Nathan Born, “The Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax: A Congressional Folly,” National Tax Journal 77:2 (June 2024), https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/730211 .

[13] Joel Slemrod and Marsha Blumenthal, “The Income Tax Compliance Cost of Big Business,” Tax Foundation, Nov. 1, 1993, https://taxfoundation.org/research/all/federal/income-tax-compliance-cost-big-business/ ; Diego D’Andria and Mareike Heinemann, “Overview on the Tax Compliance Costs Face by European Enterprises – with a Focus on SMEs,” European Parliament, February 2023, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2023/642353/IPOL_STU(2023)642353_EN.pdf

[14] Because of the variation in compliance costs by company size, as well as the small sample size, it would not be appropriate to scale the results of the survey to a larger population of companies.

[15] A similar result came out of the original survey by Slemrod and Blumenthal.

[16] A similar share of companies indicated they were currently under examination by or have tax years before appeals or under litigation with both state and foreign revenue agencies.

[17] William McBride, Huaqun Li, Garrett Watson, Alex Durante, Erica York, and Alex Muresianu, “Details and Analysis of a Tax Reform Plan for Growth and Opportunity,” Tax Foundation, Jun. 29, 2023, https://taxfoundation.org/research/all/federal/growth-opportunity-us-tax-reform-plan/ ; William McBride, Garrett Watson, and Erica York, “Taxing Distributed Profits Makes Business Taxation Simple and Efficient,” Tax Foundation, Mar. 1, 2023, https://taxfoundation.org/blog/distributed-profits-tax-us-businesses/.

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Application of Nanomaterials in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer

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Breast cancer, the most prevalent malignancy among women globally, poses a significant threat to women's health. With over 2.3 million new cases and 670,000 deaths in 2022, advancements in treatment are urgently needed. Traditional therapies, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, have shown promise but face challenges due to tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance. Additionally, implant-related complications in breast reconstruction add to patient concerns. Thus, developing novel diagnostics and therapies is imperative. Nanomaterials, with their unique properties, offer potential solutions. They have demonstrated promise in breast cancer research, enhancing detection, diagnosis, and treatment. By conjugating with specific ligands/receptors, nanomaterials can improve diagnostic accuracy and enable molecular typing of breast cancer. Nanodelivery systems enhance drug targeting and stability, while nanotechnologies like phototherapy and hyperthermia provide new treatment strategies. Notably, several nanoplatforms have already been licensed for cancer therapy, with numerous others in clinical trials. However, challenges remain. Ensuring biocompatibility and safety, achieving precision targeting and smart drug release, designing multi-functional nanoplatforms, addressing production costs and clinical application, overcoming interdisciplinary research shortages, and realizing personalized treatment are urgent issues. Enhancing the performance of nanomaterials and deepening the understanding of nano-biology (tumor) are expected to drive the development of nanoscience and clinical medicine, thereby improving the current status of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. The goal of this Research Topic is to explore the application of nanomaterials in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, addressing key challenges such as biocompatibility, safety, precise targeting, drug loading and release efficiency, and clinical translation. By harnessing nanotechnology, we aim to develop innovative solutions that overcome these obstacles, ultimately achieving widespread and effective use of nanomaterials in breast cancer care. The current Research Topic will focus on the latest applications of nanomaterials in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, exploring the underlying molecular mechanisms. This exploration aims to offer a fresh perspective on clinical advancements in breast cancer management and nanomaterials technology innovation. We welcome original research articles and comprehensive reviews on the following nanomaterials-related topics, among others: • Imaging Diagnosis of Breast Cancer • Detection of Breast Cancer Biomarkers • Breast Cancer Vaccines • Real-Time Navigation in Breast Cancer Surgery • Drug/Gene/Micromolecule Delivery Systems Targeting Breast Cancer • Postoperative Reconstruction for Breast Cancer.

Keywords : Nanomaterials, Breast Cancer, Endocrinology

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Nigp annual forum and products exposition 2022, discover a network of colleagues, explore bold ideas, and gain new experiences that accelerate your long-term professional goals..

NIGP Forum brings together professionals at all levels and from all career stages to learn from and support one another. It’s where innovative ideas are shared and worked on collaboratively. It’s where our profession is exposed to new thinking and prepared to develop new solutions to reshape our work. It’s where relationships are forged to support you through your next three titles. It’s where you can find the vetted, trusted, and indispensable partners to meet current and future challenges head-on.

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BidPrime and Beacon Collaborate to Sponsor, Exhibit and Enjoy NIGP Forum 2022

Excitement, networking, fellowship and learning were on full display and some of the words used to describe NIGP Forum 2022, in Boston, Massachusetts. Throughout the week, another conspicuous topic was the announcement that is sure to resonate throughout the government agency purchasing and vendor/supplier spheres. BidPrime , an Austin-based technology company, made it official and quite public concerning their integration with Beacon , a new and innovative e-procurement solution.

Beacon representatives spent the week sharing how the goal is to expand bidder outreach. This e-procurement solution and service enables agencies to more easily create, post, distribute, and share solicitations with a large potential vendor market. Beacon allows prospective suppliers to benefit from a streamlined user experience without going through exhaustive registration processes that too often negatively impact vendor participation in the public sector.

Inspiration for Beacon

BidPrime acquired Beacon to make a difference for agencies and suppliers and change the status quo in e-procurement. BidPrime has been around for the past thirteen years and in this time has specialized in the contractor side of the industry. During that time, BidPrime has witnessed a lot of transition, consolidation, and red flags on the e-procurement side and a plan was developed, and decisions were made, to contribute to making things better. The result is Beacon.

Why is this acquisition important?

The engineering and design teams took everything that suppliers told them was, and was not, working, communicated with agencies for their invaluable input, had follow up conversations with a variety of planholders about their dislikes, inconveniences, and frustrations with current systems, and then rolled up their sleeves to do additional research and fact finding. At that point, Beacon leveraged the same design approach used to build BidPrime, which has worked out well for us to date.

BidPrime and Beacon teams recognized that every time there is one of those consolidations, there seems to be a backward movement in the creation of products that are useful to both the agencies and the suppliers. Technology, guardrails and gatekeeping are not doing the job of enabling or reaching into the vendor markets - specifically those that agencies want to support and engage. Examples of suppliers that are too often discouraged from participating in the process are local businesses, small businesses, minorities, women-owned, and veteran-owned businesses. Others have shared the same disappointments.

In the past, contractors have always had problems with the cumbersome nature of some government websites and available e-procurement systems, in particular. Time consuming and complicated registrations, download fees, the necessity to download how-to guides, including “learn how to view or respond to bids” are too often daunting and intimidating to potential bidders. Beacon understood it is preferable to make a better system, instead of the need to create and distribute numerous guides.

B.C.E.C. *clap, clap* BCEC equals fun for you and me!

In a lead-up to the above groundbreaking announcement, Beacon, with assistance from BidPrime, was front and center and actively involved in NIGP Forum 2022. The annual NIGP Forum is the largest North American educational conference designed specifically for individuals in public procurement. In Boston, from August 20th-24th, this latest version of the conference, which had the highest attendance ever for the Forum, played host to more than 200 vendors, drawn from a wide variety of industries, and over 1,000 attendees, from across a variety of levels within public purchasing.

At the end of the event, to help drop the curtain on NIGP Forum 2022, BidPrime and Beacon partnered to host a social event that had everyone entertained, relaxed, smiling and looking forward to more in the future.

Here is a recap and behind the scenes look at the week that was in Boston.

As promised, to include a number of social-related events, the Forum brought people together to network, learn from and support one another, and to facilitate the sharing of ideas and services. From the opening, through to the final hugs and handshakes, there was a palpable electricity in the air.

Beacon, with assistance from BidPrime, was proud to serve as a featured sponsor for the Opening Night and Awards Ceremony held on Saturday, August 20th, at the Boston Convention and Exhibition Center. Our team was honored to witness so many incredible, dedicated, talented professionals being applauded for their impressive accomplishments and impactful contributions.

On Sunday, August 21st and Monday, August 22nd, Beacon was a featured exhibitor at the Forum Expo and used this platform to demonstrate Beacon’s various tools available to agencies. A substantial number of attendees, across a broad spectrum of agencies, learned how to take advantage of Broadcaster to publish and distribute solicitations, Tracker to communicate updates to planholders, and E-Bid which allows bidders to easily submit responses and agencies to collect them for evaluation.

Most certainly, a definite “star of the show” was RFP Archive . This robust tool is a massive, searchable database of RFP specifications used to help agencies to more quickly write better RFPs. Rave reviews.

Make no mistake, BidPrime had a presence as well and did not stand idly by on the sidelines. Our team was able to connect directly with a large number of current customers and meet and have important conversations with new friends.

Royale and Sporting Celebrations

On the evening of August 22nd, Beacon, again with the support of the BidPrime team, proudly served as a featured sponsor at NIGP’s Social Event hailed as “2022 Meets the 1920’s at the Historic Royale!” .

Attendees were transported to downtown Boston, and most certainly back in time, for an evening full of interaction, amazing music, casino and party-like atmosphere, with samples of Boston’s best, local fare. It was all part of a magical evening in the heart of Beantown. Beacon and BidPrime representatives were able to mix and mingle, further solidifying relationships forged within the BCEC Exhibit Hall.

Did we mention relationships and mix and mingle? On the next night, Tuesday, August 23rd, Beacon and BidPrime combined to host another social event, this time at The Sporting Club, Omni Seaport. The full cadre of BidPrime/Beacon team members, led by our co-founders, Stephen Hetzel and Josh Schwartzbeck, hosted agency and vendor friends, for a night of laughs, prizes, photo booth, “hot raffles!” and more delicious Boston fare.

Without a doubt, we can assure you that there is no such thing as too much “Boston fare”.

All told, there were 80 people who joined in the fun and fellowship, with multiple exclamations of, “can’t wait to see what you do in Louisville!”. As a notable sidenote, this party served the additional purpose as a celebration of BidPrime’s 13th anniversary, since we first began helping others.

Beacon gets around Beacon Hill

We took some time for some team time. BidPrime and Beacon, as a team, also took some time to enjoy the sights, sounds, and activities found in Boston. From the waterfront, to nearby museums, a guided tour of the Freedom Trail, venerable Fenway Park, incredible dining options, and more, with everyone partaking of the gifts within the host city. The schedule included a night of team bonding, frivolity, and food at Union Oyster House, which holds the distinction of being the oldest restaurant in continuous service in the United States. Kind of appropriate as Beacon launches towards new and exciting horizons?

'The Big Bid Theory' in Boston

Speaking of getting around and speaking. Bill Culhane, the host of 'The Big Bid Theory', and Jim Ward, a founding father of the show, invested some time promoting the show, spending time with long time listeners, and meeting past and future guests. In the 8th season, the show continues to grow and welcome in special guests to discuss topics related to government purchasing, business, and cool and interesting industries.

How convenient? While in Boston, Bill interviewed the co-founders of Beacon (and BidPrime). For the story on Beacon, you do not want to miss this episode.

Spoiler alert: In the subsequent episode, Bill sat down with Dave Nash, NIGP-CPP, CPPO, CPPB, who is a presenter, trainer, and decades-long veteran of government purchasing. Find 'The Big Bid Theory' on your favorite podcast platform or visit YouTube for the video version of the big show.

The Takeaways

In a word, incredible. Although having attended NIGP Forum previously, this was the debut for BidPrime, and Beacon obviously, to serve as exhibitors and sponsors of this exceptional event. While striving of course to make a positive impression at the Expo, the results dramatically exceeded each and every expectation. Since NIGP Forum is indeed the largest North American educational conference with numerous vendors and attendees on hand, it was very much a big deal for BidPrime and Beacon to be a part of this big event.

Notably, Beacon welcomed a consistent, steady stream of inquisitive and engaged visitors to Booth 1231. By multiple orders of magnitude, the team received and appreciated extensive positive feedback on the RFP Archive (Beacon’s enormous, searchable database of previously published bids and RFPs), the other products, and future roadmap for the Beacon solution.

As far as BidPrime specifically, the company further enhanced their well earned reputation that speaks for itself. BidPrime enjoys the highest customer satisfaction rating in the industry and BidPrime was recognized, welcomed and very well received by vendors/suppliers.

One of the messages, agreed upon by all involved, is that with BidPrime’s broad vendor network of more than 100,000 suppliers and providing comprehensive and real-time access to solicitation and documentation across North America, bidders will continue to have access to more opportunities to support their business goals within the public sector.

The Verdict

Josh Schwartzbeck, the CTO for BidPrime and Beacon, did very well in summarizing the week in Boston, “We were absolutely delighted to connect with a lot of agencies that expressed interest in Beacon. In addition, it was an opportunity to meet a lot of people in person. It was a fun-filled atmosphere in the Exhibit Hall, with so much to learn. As we received helpful feedback, most of all, we had the platform to display our groundbreaking tools to the industry. The social event we hosted was also hugely successful with an unprecedented number of attendees. We had so much fun and the energy was through the roof.” Well said and so true, Josh!

Until next time, be safe and be well. We look forward to seeing you in Louisville!

If you are a vendor/supplier, go here to learn more about BidPrime. For agencies, visit Beacon to schedule a quick overview on how you can get more bidders, try RFP Archive, and more.

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The University of Chicago The Law School

Innovation clinic—significant achievements for 2023-24.

The Innovation Clinic continued its track record of success during the 2023-2024 school year, facing unprecedented demand for our pro bono services as our reputation for providing high caliber transactional and regulatory representation spread. The overwhelming number of assistance requests we received from the University of Chicago, City of Chicago, and even national startup and venture capital communities enabled our students to cherry-pick the most interesting, pedagogically valuable assignments offered to them. Our focus on serving startups, rather than all small- to medium-sized businesses, and our specialization in the needs and considerations that these companies have, which differ substantially from the needs of more traditional small businesses, has proven to be a strong differentiator for the program both in terms of business development and prospective and current student interest, as has our further focus on tackling idiosyncratic, complex regulatory challenges for first-of-their kind startups. We are also beginning to enjoy more long-term relationships with clients who repeatedly engage us for multiple projects over the course of a year or more as their legal needs develop.

This year’s twelve students completed over twenty projects and represented clients in a very broad range of industries: mental health and wellbeing, content creation, medical education, biotech and drug discovery, chemistry, food and beverage, art, personal finance, renewable energy, fintech, consumer products and services, artificial intelligence (“AI”), and others. The matters that the students handled gave them an unparalleled view into the emerging companies and venture capital space, at a level of complexity and agency that most junior lawyers will not experience until several years into their careers.

Representative Engagements

While the Innovation Clinic’s engagements are highly confidential and cannot be described in detail, a high-level description of a representative sample of projects undertaken by the Innovation Clinic this year includes:

Transactional/Commercial Work

• A previous client developing a symptom-tracking wellness app for chronic disease sufferers engaged the Innovation Clinic again, this time to restructure its cap table by moving one founder’s interest in the company to a foreign holding company and subjecting the holding company to appropriate protections in favor of the startup.
• Another client with whom the Innovation Clinic had already worked several times engaged us for several new projects, including (1) restructuring their cap table and issuing equity to an additional, new founder, (2) drafting several different forms of license agreements that the company could use when generating content for the platform, covering situations in which the company would license existing content from other providers, jointly develop new content together with contractors or specialists that would then be jointly owned by all creators, or commission contractors to make content solely owned by the company, (3) drafting simple agreements for future equity (“Safes”) for the company to use in its seed stage fundraising round, and (4) drafting terms of service and a privacy policy for the platform.
• Yet another repeat client, an internet platform that supports independent artists by creating short films featuring the artists to promote their work and facilitates sales of the artists’ art through its platform, retained us this year to draft a form of independent contractor agreement that could be used when the company hires artists to be featured in content that the company’s Fortune 500 brand partners commission from the company, and to create capsule art collections that could be sold by these Fortune 500 brand partners in conjunction with the content promotion.
• We worked with a platform using AI to accelerate the Investigational New Drug (IND) approval and application process to draft a form of license agreement for use with its customers and an NDA for prospective investors.
• A novel personal finance platform for young, high-earning individuals engaged the Innovation Clinic to form an entity for the platform, including helping the founders to negotiate a deal among them with respect to roles and equity, terms that the equity would be subject to, and other post-incorporation matters, as well as to draft terms of service and a privacy policy for the platform.
• Students also formed an entity for a biotech therapeutics company founded by University of Chicago faculty members and an AI-powered legal billing management platform founded by University of Chicago students.
• A founder the Innovation Clinic had represented in connection with one venture engaged us on behalf of his other venture team to draft an equity incentive plan for the company as well as other required implementing documentation. His venture with which we previously worked also engaged us this year to draft Safes to be used with over twenty investors in a seed financing round.

More information regarding other types of transactional projects that we typically take on can be found here .

Regulatory Research and Advice

• A team of Innovation Clinic students invested a substantial portion of our regulatory time this year performing highly detailed and complicated research into public utilities laws of several states to advise a groundbreaking renewable energy technology company as to how its product might be regulated in these states and its clearest path to market. This project involved a review of not only the relevant state statutes but also an analysis of the interplay between state and federal statutes as it relates to public utilities law, the administrative codes of the relevant state executive branch agencies, and binding and non-binding administrative orders, decisions and guidance from such agencies in other contexts that could shed light on how such states would regulate this never-before-seen product that their laws clearly never contemplated could exist. The highly varied approach to utilities regulation in all states examined led to a nuanced set of analysis and recommendations for the client.
• In another significant research project, a separate team of Innovation Clinic students undertook a comprehensive review of all settlement orders and court decisions related to actions brought by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau for violations of the prohibition on unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts and practices under the Consumer Financial Protection Act, as well as selected relevant settlement orders, court decisions, and other formal and informal guidance documents related to actions brought by the Federal Trade Commission for violations of the prohibition on unfair or deceptive acts or practices under Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act, to assemble a playbook for a fintech company regarding compliance. This playbook, which distilled very complicated, voluminous legal decisions and concepts into a series of bullet points with clear, easy-to-follow rules and best practices, designed to be distributed to non-lawyers in many different facets of this business, covered all aspects of operations that could subject a company like this one to liability under the laws examined, including with respect to asset purchase transactions, marketing and consumer onboarding, usage of certain terms of art in advertising, disclosure requirements, fee structures, communications with customers, legal documentation requirements, customer service and support, debt collection practices, arrangements with third parties who act on the company’s behalf, and more.

Miscellaneous

• Last year’s students built upon the Innovation Clinic’s progress in shaping the rules promulgated by the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) pursuant to the Corporate Transparency Act to create a client alert summarizing the final rule, its impact on startups, and what startups need to know in order to comply. When FinCEN issued additional guidance with respect to that final rule and changed portions of the final rule including timelines for compliance, this year’s students updated the alert, then distributed it to current and former clients to notify them of the need to comply. The final bulletin is available here .
• In furtherance of that work, additional Innovation Clinic students this year analyzed the impact of the final rule not just on the Innovation Clinic’s clients but also its impact on the Innovation Clinic, and how the Innovation Clinic should change its practices to ensure compliance and minimize risk to the Innovation Clinic. This also involved putting together a comprehensive filing guide for companies that are ready to file their certificates of incorporation to show them procedurally how to do so and explain the choices they must make during the filing process, so that the Innovation Clinic would not be involved in directing or controlling the filings and thus would not be considered a “company applicant” on any client’s Corporate Transparency Act filings with FinCEN.
• The Innovation Clinic also began producing thought leadership pieces regarding AI, leveraging our distinct and uniquely University of Chicago expertise in structuring early-stage companies and analyzing complex regulatory issues with a law and economics lens to add our voice to those speaking on this important topic. One student wrote about whether non-profits are really the most desirable form of entity for mitigating risks associated with AI development, and another team of students prepared an analysis of the EU’s AI Act, comparing it to the Executive Order on AI from President Biden, and recommended a path forward for an AI regulatory environment in the United States. Both pieces can be found here , with more to come!

Innovation Trek

Thanks to another generous gift from Douglas Clark, ’89, and managing partner of Wilson, Sonsini, Goodrich & Rosati, we were able to operationalize the second Innovation Trek over Spring Break 2024. The Innovation Trek provides University of Chicago Law School students with a rare opportunity to explore the innovation and venture capital ecosystem in its epicenter, Silicon Valley. The program enables participating students to learn from business and legal experts in a variety of different industries and roles within the ecosystem to see how the law and economics principles that students learn about in the classroom play out in the real world, and facilitates meaningful connections between alumni, students, and other speakers who are leaders in their fields. This year, we took twenty-three students (as opposed to twelve during the first Trek) and expanded the offering to include not just Innovation Clinic students but also interested students from our JD/MBA Program and Doctoroff Business Leadership Program. We also enjoyed four jam-packed days in Silicon Valley, expanding the trip from the two and a half days that we spent in the Bay Area during our 2022 Trek.

The substantive sessions of the Trek were varied and impactful, and enabled in no small part thanks to substantial contributions from numerous alumni of the Law School. Students were fortunate to visit Coinbase’s Mountain View headquarters to learn from legal leaders at the company on all things Coinbase, crypto, and in-house, Plug & Play Tech Center’s Sunnyvale location to learn more about its investment thesis and accelerator programming, and Google’s Moonshot Factory, X, where we heard from lawyers at a number of different Alphabet companies about their lives as in-house counsel and the varied roles that in-house lawyers can have. We were also hosted by Wilson, Sonsini, Goodrich & Rosati and Fenwick & West LLP where we held sessions featuring lawyers from those firms, alumni from within and outside of those firms, and non-lawyer industry experts on topics such as artificial intelligence, climate tech and renewables, intellectual property, biotech, investing in Silicon Valley, and growth stage companies, and general advice on career trajectories and strategies. We further held a young alumni roundtable, where our students got to speak with alumni who graduated in the past five years for intimate, candid discussions about life as junior associates. In total, our students heard from more than forty speakers, including over twenty University of Chicago alumni from various divisions.

The Trek didn’t stop with education, though. Throughout the week students also had the opportunity to network with speakers to learn more from them outside the confines of panel presentations and to grow their networks. We had a networking dinner with Kirkland & Ellis, a closing dinner with all Trek participants, and for the first time hosted an event for admitted students, Trek participants, and alumni to come together to share experiences and recruit the next generation of Law School students. Several speakers and students stayed in touch following the Trek, and this resulted not just in meaningful relationships but also in employment for some students who attended.

More information on the purposes of the Trek is available here , the full itinerary is available here , and one student participant’s story describing her reflections on and descriptions of her experience on the Trek is available here .

The Innovation Clinic is grateful to all of its clients for continuing to provide its students with challenging, high-quality legal work, and to the many alumni who engage with us for providing an irreplaceable client pipeline and for sharing their time and energy with our students. Our clients are breaking the mold and bringing innovations to market that will improve the lives of people around the world in numerous ways. We are glad to aid in their success in any way that we can. We look forward to another productive year in 2024-2025!

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【学内通知】「埼玉大学 研究シーズ集2025-27」研究紹介原稿作成について

2024/9/2 教員各位

「埼玉大学 研究シーズ集2025-27」作成に係る研究紹介原稿作成について(お願い)

平素より当センターに対し、ご理解ご協力をいただき感謝申し上げます。 オープンイノベーションセンターでは、企業、経済団体、産業支援機関、金融機関、自治体等と連携して産学官連携活動の活性化を進め、外部研究資金による研究や共同研究を推進することにより、大学の研究成果を広く社会に還元を図る活動を進めています。 その一環として、前回同様、研究テーマ（シーズ）に焦点を当て、学外の方、特に企業等担当者にわかりやすく、興味関心を持っていただけることを主眼とし、「埼玉大学　研究シーズ集2025-27」を発行することといたしました。 「埼玉大学　研究シーズ集2022-23」をきっかけとした個別相談は多くの共同研究等へとつながっております。 ついては、是非ともより多くの先生方に、作成趣旨をご理解いただき、下記のとおり原稿作成にご協力くださるよう、よろしくお願いいたします。

○提出方法 「 原稿記入シート 」を 提出フォーム よりアップロードをお願いします。 なお、原稿収集業務について、(株)コームラへ委託しております。 ○提出期限 2024年10月4日(金) [本件に関する問合せ] オープンイノベーションセンター 今、山田、平野 coic[at]gr.saitama-u.ac.jp ([at]は半角記号@に直してください） 内線：712004　外線：048-858-3849

「埼玉大学 研究シーズ集2025-27」作成に係る研究紹介原稿作成について（依頼）

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2022 NIGP Forum & Product Exposition - National Institute Of Governmental Purchasing

• Trade Shows
• Boston Convention & Exhibition Center, Boston, Massachusetts
• Aug 20 - 24, 2022

NIGP’s Forum and Products Exposition is the largest conference for public procurement professionals in North America.

Why Attend – 2022

The Forum will provide attendees the opportunity to interact with the full range of public sector procurement departments, as well as a diverse spectrum of suppliers who enable community growth.

Program highlights include 5 keynote experiences, 70+ live learning sessions, 10 interactive workshops, 16 critical conversations, 300+ exhibitors at face-to-face products expo, 12 supplier topical networking sessions, and fun social events.

Attendees also will be able to earn 20.5 contact hours.

Why Exhibit – 2022

The largest educational conference will be attended by government purchasing officials representing diverse agencies from the U.S. and Canada.

The expo is the premier event for government suppliers to showcase their products and services. For suppliers, the Forum is an excellent opportunity to engage in professional development and to discover new products and services.

National Institute of Governmental Purchasing, Inc. (NIGP) is a 501(c)3 not-for-profit educational association. In 2011, they adopted NIGP: The Institute for Public Procurement as the go-to-market identity for the Institute to promote their leadership role in supporting public procurement practitioners.

Source: Event Website

Source : Event Website

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• Learning Overview
• What is Pathways?
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• Certificates
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• Bring Pathways to your Agency
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AUGUST 25 - 28, 2024

for a maximum of 24.25 contact hours

for a maximum of 23.75 contact hours

All times listed below are in Eastern Standard Time

All activities will take place at the Charlotte Convention Center

Session titles, descriptions, speakers, etc. will be added as plans are finalized.

Download PDF of Schedule at a Glance  

View Session Descriptions

Saturday, August 24

Sunday, August 25

Monday, August 26

Tuesday, August 27

Wednesday, August 28