essay questions about war

Vietnam War

Vietnam war essay questions, vietnam to world war ii.

1. Describe the politics, economics, social structures and culture of medieval Vietnam. How did ordinary Vietnamese people live prior to the arrival of Europeans?

2. Discuss Vietnam’s contact and relationship with the West, up to 1850. How did this contact shape or affect Vietnamese society?

3. Explain how the French assumed control of Vietnam in a relatively short space of time. What methods and justifications did they use to increase their power?

4. How did the Nguyen emperors attempt to rid their country of foreign influence, particularly religion, in the 19th century?

5. “French colonialism in Indochina was motivated by a desire to civilise and develop the local population.” To what extent is this statement true?

6. Explain how the French colonial regime maintained its political, economic and social control over Vietnam. What role was played by Francophile Vietnamese?

7. What was life like for Vietnamese peasants and workers during the French colonial period? What problems and conditions did they face?

8. Referring to at least three movements or leaders, explain how some Vietnamese resisted the French colonial regime. How successful was this resistance?

9. Why did Vietnamese nationalists like Ho Chi Minh turn to communism after World War I?

10. Why did the Japanese invade Vietnam in 1940? What methods did they use to assert and expand their control?

The struggle for control: 1945 to 1954

1. Investigate the growth of the Viet Minh in the mid-1940s. How was this group formed? Who provided its leadership and its membership?

2. When the Japanese surrendered in August 1945, what arrangements were made for the transition of power in Vietnam?

3. Explain why Ho Chi Minh declared Vietnamese independence in September 1945. In doing so, why did he refer to the United States Declaration of Independence?

4. During World War II the United States provided material support to Ho Chi Minh and the Viet Minh. Why did the American position change after 1945?

5. Discuss how the communist victory in China in October 1949 affected Western policies and attitudes to south-east Asia.

6. Explain the metaphor of “the elephant and the tiger” and how it shaped the outcomes of the First Indochina War.

7. How did Vo Nguyen Giap and the Viet Minh engineer a victory over French forces at Dien Bien Phu?

8. What were the terms of the Geneva Accords pertaining to Vietnam? What were they intended to achieve?

9. Many historians trace the origins of the Vietnam War to the failure of the Geneva Accords. Did the Accords have any chance or success or were they destined to fail?

10. Discussing similarities and differences, compare the development of Korea and Vietnam in the decade following World War II.

The two Vietnams: 1954 to 1963

1. Describe the political evolution of North Vietnam during the mid-1950s. Who ruled the North and what were their objectives?

2. Evaluate North Vietnam’s policy of land reform during the mid to late 1950s. Did these reforms make life better for the majority of people?

3. Investigate the background and political views of Ngo Dinh Diem. How did he become the leader of South Vietnam in 1954?

4. Western nations described Ngo Dinh Diem as the “Asian Churchill” and “our man in Saigon”. Was Diem a Western puppet, an Asian nationalist or a loose cannon?

5. Discuss the ‘Agroville’ and ‘Strategic Hamlets’ programs, initiated by Ngo Dinh Diem with Western backing. What were these programs intended to achieve and why did they fail?

6. Explain why the government of Ngo Dinh Diem failed to gain popular support in South Vietnam.

7. Investigate the role of Ngo Dinh Nhu and his wife Tran Le Xuan in the Ngo Dinh Diem regime.

8. Evaluate the Kennedy administration’s policy with regard to Vietnam, between January 1961 and November 1963.

9. Why did Ngo Dinh Diem and his followers target South Vietnam’s Buddhists? What effects did this persecution have on Diem’s own regime?

10. Evaluate the origins, structure and ideology of the National Liberation Front (NLF). Why was this group formed and what methods did it employ?

The Vietnam War: 1964-75

1. Why did Lyndon Johnson decide to commit American forces to the conflict in Vietnam? What people, advice and factors influenced Johnson’s decision?

2. Explain why Thailand, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand contributed military forces to the war in Vietnam.

3. The Gulf of Tonkin incident provided a pretext for American military involvement in Vietnam. To what extent was this justified?

4. Evaluate the leadership of General William Westmoreland between 1964 and 1968. What was Westmoreland’s strategy for protecting South Vietnam? How successful was this?

5. Describe the challenges faced by American combat soldiers in Vietnam. What conditions and factors blunted the effectiveness of the American military?

6. Consider the causes and effects of the My Lai massacre of March 1968. What did this incident reveal about America’s military involvement in Vietnam?

7. Explain why the Tet Offensive was a victory and a defeat for both the Americans and the NVA-Viet Cong.

8. Discuss the objectives of Richard Nixon’s policy of Vietnamisation. How successful was this policy in achieving its goals?

9. Investigate American media coverage of the war in Vietnam. How was the war reported between 1964 and 1975 and how did this shape public attitudes and opinions?

10. Referring to data like opinion polls, evaluate American attitudes to the Vietnam War between 1964 and 1975. Which policies, developments or events caused significant shifts in public opinion?

11. What ideas, tactics and methods were used by individuals and groups opposed to Western involvement in Vietnam?

12. Evaluate the role of art, music and literature in the anti-Vietnam War movement.

Effects and aftermath

1. Compare and contrast the policies of presidents Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon with regard to Vietnam. Which of these leaders was most responsible for entangling the United States in the Vietnam War?

2. Evaluate the development of Vietnam in the two years after the fall of Saigon in April 1975. How did the communist victory affect the lives of ordinary Vietnamese?

3. Describe the difficulties faced by Vietnam veterans as they returned to civilian life in the United States or Australia.

4. Evaluate the claim made by some leaders, including General William Westmoreland, that the United States did not lose the Vietnam War.

5. Was the Domino Theory validated or refuted by the progress and outcomes of the Vietnam War?

6. Position the Vietnam conflict in the broader Cold War. How did the Vietnam War shape or affect the relationship between the United States, the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China?

7. What effects did the Vietnam War have on American government and society between 1965 and 1975? Consider changes to political, social and cultural attitudes.

8. What effect did American military intervention have on nearby Cambodia between 1969 and 1975?

9. Discuss how events in Vietnam shaped the development of neighbouring Laos from 1957 onwards.

10. Who were the Khmer Rouge and what was their vision for Cambodia? How did they go about implementing this vision?

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100+ Suggested War Essay Topics for Your Research

Updated 19 Jun 2024

Essays on war & conflict can be portrayed from different perspectives. Thus, your paper may deal with the war in terms of politics, heroism, or describe its impact on ordinary people’s life. Besides, you might be asked for a more precise topic for your History class essay, for instance, about diplomacy, tactics, propaganda, weapons, and the causes and effects of such conflicts. This is where our essay help service comes in!

Whether your research paper is about WWI, WW2, Civil, Vietnam or Iraq War, you first need to decide what period to describe and approach to use and then to choose some specific war essay topics for your writing. To be certain that your topic is just right, make sure that:

Your topic is not too broad (for instance, it concentrates on WW2 in general);
Your topic is not too narrow (if it deals with one political figure only);
You can find some research material online including videos, thematic websites, etc), it means that your subject is topical and discussed;
You can find books about your topic in your local library;
The topic is catchy and interesting (not only for your professor but for other students as well);
The topic covers one of the burning issues in history;
You can answer the question of the topic (if any) in the essay.

Covering all these seven steps is vital if you want to come up with a great topic, as it’s a half-way to a successful academic essay. After all, we all write essays intending to resolve some burning issues and catch the reader’s attention.

✍️ Tips for Writing a War Essay

College students who are required to create an essay on this topic should first be well acquainted with the historical background of the conflict they intend to write about. Secondly, they should make sure that essays are informative and cover the causes, consequences, and deprivation that the war caused.

To write a good war essay, consider the following tips:

Do extensive research on the topic before you start writing your essay. The easiest thing you can do is simply google your desired topic and check whether there are discussions and materials on the topic available. You’ll need to make your topic argumentative, so make sure there are enough reliable sources you can use when writing your essay.
Choose a compelling topic that will grab the reader’s attention. Once you’ve done research you might want to change the angle of your topic slightly and then move on to creating an outline for your writing.
Start your essay from the main body. We recommend starting with the main problems your future essay will be concentrated on. Provide arguments, support them with evidence and corresponding citations, and make emphasis on structuring your paper properly.
“Frame” and proofread you final essay. Introduction and conclusion sections frame your writing making it complex and complete. Writing then at the very end will help you to concentrate more on the context of your writing and include only those aspects that matter. Then, proofread your essay, making sure it has a nice flow.

📝 List of General War Essay Topics

Here’s a list of creative topic ideas that can help you understand what to write about. They are listed in no particular historical or chronological order:

The concept of "just war" and its ethical implications.
The impact of war on civilian populations.
The role of women in war throughout history.
The psychological effects of war on soldiers and societies.
The evolution of warfare technology and its impact on strategy.
The role of diplomacy in preventing and ending wars.
The impact of war on the environment.
The portrayal of war in film and literature.
The role of child soldiers in contemporary conflicts.
The impact of war on economic development.
The role of international law in regulating warfare.
The impact of war on cultural heritage and historical sites.
The role of media in shaping public perception of war.
The ethics of drone warfare and targeted killings.
The role of mercenaries and private military companies in conflicts.
The impact of war on global migration and refugee crises.
The role of peacekeeping forces in post-conflict regions.
The challenges of post-war reconciliation and nation-building.
The role of war memorials in remembering and interpreting conflict.
The impact of cyber warfare on national security.

📜 Civil War Research Topics

The topics dedicated to this historical period are probably the most popular ones. The Civil War was a stepping stone that showed just how much the place and time influence people’s views and how different opinions on this can sometimes make a solid ground for some major conflicts.

The economic factors leading to the American Civil War.
The role of slavery in precipitating the Civil War.
The impact of the Emancipation Proclamation on the war's course.
The significance of the Battle of Gettysburg in the Civil War.
The contributions of African American soldiers in the Civil War.
The effects of the Civil War on civilian life in the North and South.
The role of women during the Civil War.
The influence of foreign powers on the outcome of the Civil War.
The evolution of military technology in the Civil War.
The reconstruction era: Successes and failures post-Civil War.
The legacy of the Civil War in American memory and culture.
The impact of the Civil War on the American political system.
The role of naval warfare in the Civil War.
The significance of the Gettysburg Address in American history.
The psychological effects of the Civil War on soldiers and families.
The use of propaganda during the Civil War.
The role of espionage and intelligence in the Civil War.
The impact of the Civil War on American literature and art.
The treatment of prisoners of war during the Civil War.
The role of railroads in the Civil War logistics and strategy.

📖 Cold War Paper Topics

The origins of the Cold War: Ideological differences between the US and USSR.
The impact of the Cuban Missile Crisis on Cold War dynamics.
The role of espionage and intelligence in the Cold War.
The influence of the Cold War on global decolonization movements.
The effects of the Cold War on American domestic policy.
The significance of the Berlin Wall in Cold War history.
The role of nuclear arms race in escalating Cold War tensions.
The impact of the Cold War on the development of space exploration.
The role of the United Nations during the Cold War.
The influence of the Cold War on popular culture and media.
The Korean War as a proxy battle of the Cold War.
The Vietnam War and its significance in the Cold War context.
The role of NATO and the Warsaw Pact in the Cold War.
The impact of the Cold War on the Middle East.
The dissolution of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War.
The role of propaganda in shaping public opinion during the Cold War.
The impact of the Cold War on science and technology.
The role of non-aligned movement countries during the Cold War.
The effects of the Cold War on Africa's political landscape.
The legacy of the Cold War in contemporary international relations.

Vietnam War Essay Ideas

The causes of the Vietnam War and its justification.
The impact of the Tet Offensive on American public opinion.
The role of media coverage in shaping the narrative of the Vietnam War.
The effects of Agent Orange and other chemical warfare.
The experiences of Vietnamese civilians during the war.
The anti-war movement in the United States and its influence on policy.
The legacy of the Vietnam War on American military and foreign policy.
The psychological effects of the war on returning veterans.
The role of the Viet Cong and guerrilla warfare tactics.
The significance of the Paris Peace Accords in ending the Vietnam War.
The impact of the war on Vietnamese society and economy.
The role of women in the Vietnam War.
The influence of the Cold War on the Vietnam conflict.
The challenges of post-war reconciliation and recovery in Vietnam.
The portrayal of the Vietnam War in film and literature.
The strategic mistakes made by the United States in Vietnam.
The role of international allies and support for both sides.
The impact of the war on American public and political life.
The use of music as a form of protest and expression during the Vietnam era.
The lessons learned from the Vietnam War for future conflicts.

🌎 World War I Essay Topics

The causes of World War I: Nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and alliances.
The impact of trench warfare on military strategy and soldier experiences.
The role of technology and innovation in World War I.
The effects of World War I on the home front: Women, work, and society.
The significance of the Battle of the Somme.
The consequences of World War I on the global political landscape.
The Treaty of Versailles: Terms, criticisms, and long-term effects.
The role of propaganda in World War I.
The impact of World War I on art and literature.
The experiences of colonial troops in World War I.
The role of the Russian Revolution in World War I.
The impact of World War I on the Middle East.
The legacy of World War I in contemporary international relations.
The role of naval warfare in World War I.
The psychological effects of World War I on soldiers.
The use of chemical weapons in World War I.
The role of the United States in World War I.
The impact of World War I on medical advancements.
The economic consequences of World War I.
The role of aviation in World War I.

🌍 World War II Essay Topics

When you choose to write about World War 2, always check the dates and the facts. Remember that it is an important topic to explore, which is why you can compare and check with how it is explored in Europe or in Russia to get more information. Remember to provide citations for each resource used.

The causes of World War II: The failure of peace efforts and the rise of dictatorships.
The role of the Holocaust in World War II.
The significance of the Battle of Stalingrad.
The impact of World War II on women and minorities.
The use of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki: Justifications and consequences.
The role of intelligence and code-breaking in World War II.
The impact of World War II on the formation of the United Nations.
The experiences of soldiers in different theaters of World War II.
The role of propaganda in World War II.
The impact of World War II on post-war European reconstruction.
The significance of the D-Day invasion.
The role of resistance movements in World War II.
The impact of World War II on colonial empires.
The legacy of World War II in contemporary international relations.
The psychological effects of World War II on survivors.
The role of technology and innovation in World War II.
The impact of World War II on civilian populations.
The role of the United States in World War II.
The economic consequences of World War II.
The trials of war criminals and the establishment of international law.

- What are some examples of powerful war research topics?

A research essay topic can be considered successful in case it is topical and well-researched. Historical events have a tendency to repeat from time to time, so that modern politicians and ordinary people can treat them as valuable lessons. A powerful topic is the one that can help us understand our past and make an output for the future; the impact of conflicts on our history, propaganda approaches, things that cause wars are some nice examples of timeless topics.

- What's the best way to start a war essay?

The beginning of each lengthy essay should clearly state what major concerns the essay will cover. If you are making a comparison between WW1 and the Cold War, you should tackle both in the introduction and focus on each of them separately in the body of the essay. In case your topic is connected with the importance of technological progress on weapons, make this statement in the paper’s intro.

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30 Questions About War And Conflict | Discussion Questions For Your ESL Class

War has been a recurring feature of human history, and its impacts are felt by millions of people around the world. It causes immeasurable human suffering, destroys infrastructure, and disrupts economies and societies. Having meaningful conversations about war can help us understand its causes and consequences, explore different perspectives, and foster empathy and compassion for those affected by it. Below you’ll find 30 Conversation Questions About War that you can use to spark thoughtful discussions about war and its impact on individuals and societies. Whether you’re a student, teacher, peace activist, or simply interested in learning more about this complex topic, we hope these questions will help you engage in meaningful and insightful conversations with others.

War – Conversation Questions

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Topic Collections

500 Original War Essay Topics: From Antiquity to Present

Human history is the history of wars. At least, as it is written now. Wars are documented, explained, classified, and justified. Wars are given as inevitable facts. We would like to change this narrative by giving you various essay topics about war to investigate its cultural, psychological, and economic dimensions. By exploring those topics, you can study wars as mistakes of the past that could be avoided. You could focus on devastating consequences instead and humanitarian costs of war conflicts.

In these troubled times, essay writers stand for peace. We offer you these prompts so you could understand through writing all the immensity of how wrong the war is. May the only war you know be in these war paper topics.

Persuasive and Argumentative Essay Topics on War

If you seek to write an essay about war as a phenomenon rather than a historical account of a particular conflict, look for a topic in this section. Here we also suggest some argumentative and persuasive topics on wars that didn’t receive enough attention in the following categories.

Is war ever justifiable?
American wars in 20 th and 21 st centuries: were they successful?
Progressive vs. Traditional: what forces emerge in war conflict?
Armenian genocide or war victims: how plausible is the Turkish version of events?
Was the War on Terror justified?
Significance of leadership in combat compliance
Nuclear proliferation: global conflict vs. security
The role of the U.S. armed forces in international conflict
Terrorism as a strategy in a new type of warfare
What was Assad’s motivation for using chemical weapons in Syria?
The role of diplomacy in creating and maintaining peace
Valor, honor, trumpets: war glorification through history
How literature teaches us about history: war novels, memoirs, and letter collections
What are the similarities and differences between the Armenian genocide and the Jewish Holocaust?
Obedience to authority and dehumanization of the enemy
Why are trials of war criminals necessary for both sides of a conflict?
Iran hostage crisis and its impact on American politics
Radical peace activism of William Sloane Coffin
Do you agree with Jacques Mallet du Pan’s statement, “Like Saturn, the Revolution devours its children”?
The War of 1812: America’s vaguest conflict
Does America need to help others, if it means intervening militarily to push events in the desired direction? (use Korean War, Vietnam War, other smaller conflicts as examples to prove your point)
Do you believe “Cold War II” is possible? Explain your position.
Ethical dilemmas of war journalism
Self-censorship of state media while reporting international conflicts
War and religion: “Thou shalt not kill” and other dilemmas

Russia-Ukraine War Essay Topics

Already named the most significant war conflict in Europe since World War II, the Russian invasion in Ukraine has been gripping people’s attention worldwide. It has shown how fragile peace really is, even in the 21 st century, and how dependent we all are on each other.

The long prelude to the Russia and Ukraine war: how did the world miss it?
Russian invasion: central tenets of Putin’s doctrine
Should NATO interfere in the Russian-Ukraine war?
The effectiveness of S. sanctions against Russia
The broader implications of Putin’s aggression for Europe and the world
Russia and Ukraine: a historical perspective of Putin’s invasion
Ukraine 2022: Possible scenarios of war development
Cyber fonts of war in Ukraine: the resistance of ethical hackers
Fake wars: Putin’s front on social media
Denial: why the Russian public believes rampant propaganda?
Russia 2022 vs. Germany 1939: compare and contrast
Deluded or downright evil: Putin’s possible mental health issues
What were Putin’s strategic miscalculations when attacking Ukraine?
What war in Ukraine will mean for the world’s food security?
Confirmed war crimes committed by the Russian troops in Ukraine
Public statements from POW: should they be protected by anonymity?
Could a Russian oil and gas ban be the push we needed for greener energy?
War in Ukraine: an ultimate test for a “Global Village” theory
Nation united: how Ukrainian society self-organized for resistance
Compare and contrast Russian tactics in Syria and Ukraine
Nuclear threat: compare and contrast Cuban Missile Crisis and Russian power plants blackmail
The world stands with Ukraine: how artists express their solidarity
Reputation over gain: why are big brands choosing sides so decisively in the Russo-Ukraine war?
Ukrainian volunteer battalions: why veterans choose to fight again
Doing your bit: a wave of grassroots humanitarianism in support of Ukraine

War in Antiquity Essay Topics

We can confidently say that war is as old as humanity itself, if not older. However, the first recorded war in history was waged in 2700 BCE. Hence, we have almost 5 thousand years of history and facts to dig into. Scratch the surface by picking one of the essay topics below.

The tribe mentality and war
Early warfare and military tactics
The concept of war in Ancient Mesopotamia
Warfare in Sumer: weapons and tactics
Assyrian warfare and methods
Akkadian warfare and Sargon’s conquest
Hammurabi and Babylonian warfare
Chariots, Archers, and Infantry: the development of professional warfare in Ancient Egypt
Weapons and tactics of the Old Kingdom
The warrior-king Senusret III and warfare of the Middle Kingdom
Hatshepsut, Ramesses II, and the army of the Empire
Warfare in Ancient India
The Warring States Period of Zhou Dynasty in Ancient China
Greek warfare in the Archaic period
The formation of phalanx at the Battle of Marathon
Weapons and tactics of the Peloponnesian War
Philip II of Macedon’s military reforms
The conquest of Persia by Alexander the Great
Greek war at sea: ships and battle strategies
Martial values in Roman culture
Roman-Etruscan Wars
Structure and command of the Roman Army
Sieges and logistics in Roman warfare
Caesar’s Civil War
Roman-Gallic wars

Medieval Warfare Essay Topics

The Middle Ages are a cradle of modernity. In this period’s technological, cultural, and social advancements, we can see the transition from antiquity and discern seeds of the systems we live in today. Medieval warfare is not an exception. Learn more about it by working on one of the research topics below.

The battle of Hulao and its consequences
The Battle of the Court of Martyrs
Byzantine naval force and its role in the state’s survival
Civil wars, barbarian invasions, and the fall of the Roman Empire
Viking expansion and warfare tactics
The Battle of Hastings and the end of the Anglo-Saxon rule
Armored knights and castles: two staples of Medieval warfare
Fortifications and siege warfare
Recruiting and mercenaries in Middle Ages
Supplies and logistics of Medieval warfare
The rise of infantry: Crossbows and longbows in the battlefields
The First Crusade and the Battle of Hattin
The Battle of Bouvines and its broader socio-political implications
What made Mongol invasions and conquests of the 13 th and 14 th centuries so expansive?
Turco-Mongol rule and conflicts in Eastern Europe
Innovative tactics during the Battle of Mohi
The introduction of guns and its influence on naval warfare
The Crusade of Nicopolis and the fall of the Second Bulgarian Empire
The Battle of Grunwald and the defeat of Teutonic Knights
Joan of Arc and the Siege of Orleans
The Battle of Castillon and the end of the Hundred Years’ War
Muslim conquests and Arab expansion
Hungarian invasions of Europe
Slighting in Medieval warfare and in modernity
Timeline of women in Medieval warfare

American-Indian Wars Essay Topics

Listing about 40 named conflicts, American-Indian Wars were fought by European governments, settlers, and the U.S. government against American Indian and First Nation tribes. We cannot change the past, but we can learn from it. Explore the raw reality of the Frontier with these essay topics.

Battle of Mabila and its consequences for the Mississippian culture
Tiguex War between Spaniards and Puebloans
Main consequences of the Mixtón War for Caxcan natives
Changes to Spanish indigenous policies as a result of the Chichimeca War
The timeline of the Spanish-Navajo War
Battles of the Mexican-Navajo War
Why was the Beas Springs Treaty of 1846 broken?
The Washington Expedition of 1849 and its results
Why didn’t the Laguna Negra treaty stand?
Colonel Edwin Summers’s campaign of 1851
Second Battle of Fort Defiance
Carson’s Campaign of 1863
The Long Walk of the Navajo
The reasons for the First Anglo-Powhatan War
The Peace of Pocahontas
The timeline of the Second Anglo-Powhatan War
The palisade of the Virginia Peninsula
The Third Anglo-Powhatan War and its aftermath
Conditions of the Treaty of 1646
The Cherokee War of 1776
The results of the Northwest Indian War of 1785-95
The timeline of the Bald Hills War
The results of the Black Hawk War
Geronimo’s War and its effects
Crazy Snake Rebellion and other 20 th Conflicts

Insurrections and Slave Revolts Essay Topics

Not every armed conflict is glorified or even remembered as a “war.” That doesn’t mean those events are insignificant. Study the less famous wars of U.S. history that inconspicuously shaped the country we live in today.

Virginia Slave Rebellion in the Gloucester County
Reasons leading to the Bacon’s Rebellion of 1676-1677
The aftermath of the Leisler’s Rebellion
The timeline of the Cato’s Rebellion
Siege of Fort Detroit and the Battle of Bloody Run
The siege of Fort Pitt
The results of the Pontiac War
The reasons behind the Regulator Movement
The economic background of Shay’s Rebellion
The aftermath of the Whiskey Insurrection
The effects of the John Fries’s Rebellion
The timeline of the Louisiana Territory Slave Rebellion
Nat Turner: the man behind the Southampton Insurrection
Events leading up to the Buckshot war
The timeline of the Patriot War
The results of the Helderberg War
Precursors and causes of the Dorr’s War
The aftermath of the Taos Revolt
Causes and effects of the Utah War
John Brown’s Raid on Federal Armory and its significance for the abolitionist movement
Background and causes of the Green Corn Rebellion in Oklahoma
The timeline of the Coal Wars
Historical interpretations of the Battle of Blair Mountain
The Bonus Army March
The Wounded Knee occupation

The U.S. War of Independence Essay Topics

Forever ingrained in American identity, the American War of Independence provides us all a sense of who we are as a nation – or at least what we should strive to be. Follow the glorious pages of our history with these research topics.

The U.S. regional development in the 17 th century and the formation of national identity
Religious impact on the colonies that created the United States
The timeline of the American Revolutionary War
The “Founding Fathers” and Neoclassicism: symbols and ideas
Benjamin Franklin: The quintessential American
The historical character of James Gray and his role in the Boston Tea Party
Black Americans in the Revolutionary era
Scotch-Irish Americans in the Revolutionary War
Poles in the American Revolution
The war of 1812 (the Second American War of Independence)
The adoption of the Articles of Confederation
In your opinion, what was the most critical factor leading to American victory in the Revolution War?
Enlightenment as an ideological foundation for the American Revolution
The Texas Revolution
Arizona statehood and Constitution
Nova Scotia in the American Revolution
Quakers in the American Revolution
The formation of the U.S. Federal Government
Naval operation in the American Revolutionary War
Flags of the American Revolution
Review the movie How accurately does it depict the historical events?
Compare and contrast American and Mexican War of Independence
Edmund Burkes 1775 speech on the conciliation of America
S. Government and Federalism according to the Constitution
The terms and consequences of the Treaty of Paris (1783)

American Civil War Essay Topics

One of the defining pages in U.S. history, Civil War takes an important place in the curriculum. Here, you will find some interesting, less conventional Civil War research paper topic ideas.

Is it true that the question of labor made the Civil War unavoidable?
What events have led to the breakout of the Civil War?
Causes of secession and the territorial crisis
Innovative naval tactics during the Civil War
Social, cultural, and economic changes in the aftermath of the Civil War
Compare and contrast two of the Civil War leaders
Technological advancement during the Civil War
Advancement in medicine during the American Civil War
Generals in the Civil War
Fort Sumpter and the Civil War
General Scott’s “Anaconda Plan” and the Union blockade
The diplomacy of the Civil War
Main battles of the Eastern theater of the American Civil War
Main battles of the Western theater of the American Civil War
Main battles of the Trans-Mississippi theater of the American Civil War
Main battles of the Lower Seaboard theater of the American Civil War
Main battles of the Pacific Coast theater of the American Civil War
Mathew Brady’s Impact on the Civil War
The role of Georgia in the Civil War
What were the most important factors that led to the defeat of the Confederacy in the Civil War
Why did the Reconstruction era fail to live up to its promise?
The politics of the Civil War
The importance of logistics during the Civil War
American Civil War is sometimes called The Second Revolution. Do you agree or disagree? Why?
America’s Post-Civil War growing pains

World War 1 Topics for Essay

Even over 100 years later, it retains the name of the Great War in the memory of most participating countries. In this section, find WWI essay topics and research paper topics.

The causes and the events leading to World War 1
Understanding the alliances and their intro to World War I
Was World War I inevitable? If not, how might it have been avoided?
The optimism of 1914 and the elusive victory
Effects of World War 1 on civilians at home fronts
Soldier life in the trenches of World War 1
Review John Ellis’ Eye-Deep in Hell: Trench Warfare in World War I
Impact of advanced weapons and technology in World War I
The industrial revolution and World War 1
S. military in World War 1
Naval warfare of World War I
First Nations men in World War 1
The Middle East in the World War 1
World War I and the Russian Civil War
The mobilization of Russia in World War I and Germany’s response
Impact of the First World War on the Western world
The power of propaganda in World War I
The Battle at Belleau Wood
Biography of Paul Von Hindenburg
Do you agree with General Hindenburg’s statement, “The Americans in the Argonne won the war”?
World War I and the post-war years in America
What was the red scare after World War I, and what caused it?
Post World War I situation in the world
The impact of World War 1 on European and world history
The establishment of the League of Nations

World War 2 Essay Topics

Being the most recent global conflict, World War 2 often serves as an introduction to war for many young people. It permeates film, literature, memorials, and the family lore of people all over the world. Possibly, it was one of the first war-connected assignments you had to do in school when you didn’t even know how to conduct research properly. This section suggests a selection of WW2 essay topics on a college level.

World War II causes and effects
Compare and contrast Gustav Stresemann’s and Adolf Hitler’s policies and personalities
Japan and Germany: Foreign policy before World War 2
American neutrality during World War 2
Pearl Harbor attack: an example of strategic surprise
Military leadership in World War II
The impact of technological advancement on military tactics during World War Two
Winston Churchill and his extraordinary qualities as a modern diplomat
Biography of Benito Mussolini
Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s leadership skills
Hitler’s personality in table-talk statements
The U.S. attack on Germany in World War II
Pacific Theater during at the end of World War 2
Timeline of the European Theater of the World War II
American air force in WW2
How did World War 2 change Americans’ views of their nation’s role in the world?
The defeat of Japan toward the end of World War 2
The Battle of the Atlantic and the Battle of Britain
The significance of the Battle of Stalingrad for the outcome of the WWII
The importance of the Normandy landings for the development of the WWII
What positions did Australians adopt towards the problem of Japanese expansionism 1931-1941?
The influence of World War II on India’s resistance to the colonial rule
Life and Conditions at the Japanese internment camps during the World War II
Analyze the film Der Untergang (Downfall) by Olivier Hirschbiegel
Why did the United States want to rebuild Japan after World War 2?

Korean War Essay Topics

Overshadowed by later and bloodier conflicts, the Korean War is often dubbed “The Forgotten War.” Yet, we believe that remembering it can still teach us a lot.

Causes and outcomes of the Korean War
The United Nations during the Korean War
Factors in U.S. intervention in Korean War
Influence of the Korean War on art
The Battle of Chipyong-Ni
The Battle of Incheon
Sinchon Massacre during the Korean War
Ho Chi Minh’s Vietcong army’s guerilla tactics
The Battle Of The Chosin Reservoir
Compare and contrast America’s combat tactics during the Korean and Vietnam Wars
History of the conflict between North Korea and South Korea
The major milestone of General Douglas MacArthur’s military career
The United States Marine Corps in the Korean War
The effect of the Korean War on Japan’s “Economic Miracle”
Why do historians often refer to Korean War as the “Unknown War” or “Forgotten War”? Do you believe this opinion is justified?
Intelligence during the Korean War
Evolution of aircraft performance during the Korean War
Atrocities against American POWs in the Korean war
Using North Korea and China as examples, why do some leaders construct a personality cult around their rule?
National security and constitutional rights during the Korean War
Korean War influence on Edward Kienholz’s art
The division of Korea and its implications
North Korean intelligence apparatus
Urbanization of South Korea
The impact of the Korean War on religion in Korea

Vietnam War Essay Topics

The most controversial and traumatic in the recent history of the USA, the war in Vietnam, looms in national memory. Find here original and piercing Vietnam War research topics.

Do you agree with Gregory Pemberton’s statement, “Ultimately it was Australia’s dependence on the United States that led it into Vietnam”?
The beginning of the Vietnam War
Vietnam War and the U.S. involvement
The timeline of the 1964 offensive
The Buddhist Uprising and American ground war
S. domestic controversies and G.I. movement in the Vietnam War
Hanoi’s war strategy and its influence on the course of the Vietnam War
Analyze American foreign policy during the Vietnam War
Political and societal ramifications of the Vietnam war
The American experience in Vietnam War
The use of agent orange in the Vietnam War
Was the Vietnam War doomed to fail?
The end of the Vietnam War and the aftermath
The 1968 Tet Offensive during the Vietnam War: Who won the most?
The introduction and use of helicopters in Vietnam
The use of drugs and its effects on the soldiers at the Vietnam War
Why did the United States fight in the Vietnam War?
The impact of insurgency efforts during the Vietnam War
The international relations during the Vietnam War
President Richard Nixon’s policy of Vietnamization
Effects of Truman Doctrine on Vietnam Exploration of the major foreign policy disaster in David Halberstam’s The Making of a Quagmire
Military lessons learned from the Vietnam War
The attack of USS Maddox in the Gulf of Tonkin in 1964
Operation Freedom Deal and its outcomes
Historical investigation on the My Lai massacre

Cold War Essay Topics

Cold War might not have been a war in the strictest sense of the word, but it was long and grueling, leaving a lingering impact on our culture. Find here inquisitive Cold War topics for an essay.

What factors led to the emergence of the Cold War? Was Cold War inevitable?
What were the main historical and political conditions of the Cold War?
Nationalism and the Cold War
How did Cold War develop over its first three decades?
What was McCarthyism, and what led to its downfall?
From Truman to Nixon: How did different presidential administrations handle Cold War affairs?
Truman Doctrine 1945–53 and its impact on the Cold War
How did different approaches by presidential administrations affect foreign policy during the Cold War?
Economic and political differences during the Cold War
The struggle to control decolonized nations as a moving force of the Cold War
Hot spots of the Cold War: Vietnam and other proxy wars
Cuban missile crisis of 1962
The effects of the Cold War on American society
Analyze the impact of the Cold War on the domestic home front
Cold War liberalism
Home and the family as a bastion of safety for Americans in an insecure world of the Cold War
What is “domestic containment”? How and why did the Americans utilize domestic containment as a bulwark against communism?
What impact did the Cold War have on sexuality, marriage, and traditional gender roles?
The Cold War and the U.S. Diplomacy
Military nervousness and civilian anxiety during the Cold War
How were men, women, and minorities each affected by the stresses of the Cold War?
The ideological and geopolitical struggle during the Cold War
The fall of the Berlin Wall
How did the Cold War change American society and culture?
Why was the Cold War called a “war”?

War in Afghanistan Essay Topics

Starting under the name “Operation Enduring Freedom,” the war in Afghanistan was fought to remove a “regime that supported terrorists” and avenge the 9/11 attacks. It has cost the lives of over 2,400 American soldiers and intelligence operatives, becoming growingly confusing and controversial. Investigate the details with these topics.

What was the cause of the war in Afghanistan?
The results of the twelve-year war fought in Afghanistan
Unemployment and insurgency during America’s war on terror
Timeline of the Operation Enduring Freedom
The Battle of Tora Bora
Operation Anaconda
Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Taliban Emirate vs. Northern Alliance
Al-Qaeda’s foundation and strategies
The Religious and political motivations of Anwar Al-Awlaki and Osama Bin Laden for overthrowing regimes in Muslim countries
Al-Qaeda and ISIS: the history of two jihads
The long-term impact of 9/11 on American society
Limitations placed on freedom after 9/11
Political advertisement during the Iraqi War
Analyze Barack Obama’s speech on Afghanistan given on May 1, 2012, in Kabul
Review the BBC World documentary Taxi to the Dark Side
S. military’s use of torture during the War in Afghanistan
Review the documentary Restrepo: One Platoon, One Valley, One Year
The use of American volunteer forces in Afghanistan
The militarization of American foreign policy under President George Bush, Jr.
Are there any parallels between President Johnson’s actions in Vietnam and President Obama’s in Afghanistan?
A paradigm shift in U.S. Foreign Policy as illustrated by the war in Afghanistan
Photography and death: review Luc Delahaye’s exhibition “History” dedicated to struggles of the Afghan War
The relationship between foreign contractors and Afghans and its influence on Afghanistan Reconstruction
How the phrase “War on Terror” was used and developed? Why was it controversial?

War in Iraq Essay Topics

One of the most controversial events in American war history, the Iraqi War’s justification remains unclear. Explore this complicated topic with these prompts.

Reasons given by President Bush to Americans for the War in Iraq
In your opinion, what was the real reason for the War in Iraq?
Anti-war protests against the War in Iraq
Compare and contrast the Iraq and Vietnam Wars
Life in Iraq since the beginning of war in 2003
Timeline of the 2003 invasion of Iraq
Iraq Spring Fighting of 2008
S. drawdown and Operation New Dawn
How did media exacerbate/contribute to conflict resolution during the War in Iraq?
Sexualizing terrorism: gendered political discourse justifying War in Iraq
Islamophobia: the role of media in manipulation public opinion
Consequences of the War in Iraq for the United States image in the world
Effect of the war on terrorism rate in Iraq
Improvised explosive devices (IED) in Iraq War
Impact of the Iraq War on American society
What were the successes and failures of the Iraq War?
How has the Arab Spring reshaped U.S. foreign policy?
Analyze President Obama’s Iowa Victory speech
Moral decisions in war documentary Soldiers of Conscience (2007)
Review the film About Baghdad
Public distrust and conspiracy theories instigated by the War in Iraq
Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) Vehicles in Iraq War
Review My Men Are My Heroes: The Brad Kasal Story by Nathaniel R. Helms
Post-war experiences of Iraq War veterans in interviews and memoirs
Compare and contrast the Cheney Vice-Presidency and the Biden Vice-Presidency: views on terrorists, war, and foreign policy

War Medicine Essay Topics

Treating a wounded soldier and keeping him fit for fighting is as old as the war itself. However, over the years, war medicine has expanded to rehabilitation and continuing care for those left with chronic conditions in the aftermath of war. Explore the unique field of military medicine with these topics.

Military and veteran affairs social work
Wartime medical innovation
Medicine and the development of modern weapons
History of Revolutionary War medicine
Napoleon’s chief surgeon Dominique Larrey and his “Flying Ambulance”
Advancement of medicine during the American Civil War
Florence Nightingale’s experiences during the Crimean War and sanitation reforms
Influenza in the World War 1 military camps
Harmful effects of the mustard gas in World War I
Triage in the First World War
Ambulance trains of World War 1
Facial reconstructive surgery in the First World War
Advances in nursing during the World War II
Addictions in returning veterans
Injured and disabled veterans in the United States
Treating the wounded at wartime
Medicine in the aftermath of war
Challenges of sickness in the ranks in wartimes
Medical transport for the wounded and portable equipment
The military chain of evacuation developed during the Korean War
Prosthetic limbs and rehabilitation of veterans
Battle fatigue
PTSD: Not all wounds are visible
Review John Laffin’s Combat surgeons
Review Between Flesh and Steel by Richard A. Gabriel

The War and its Impact on Society Essay Topics

Evolutionary anthropologists try to understand what makes people wage wars. All they know is that there is no single “war instinct.” Instead, there is a complicated relationship of psychological mechanisms, social conditions, cultural, political, and economic factors. Take a closer look at the emergent phenomenon with these essay and research paper topics.

Guerilla warfare and its impact on culture
The effects of the Civil War on modern American society
The impact of World War 1 on race and ethnicity relations in the USA
The impact of World War 1 on the feminist movement
Female voices for peace: Jane Addams and other leaders
The influence of wars on beauty standards and perceptions
Review the book An American Soldier in World War I
The impact of World War 1 and 2 experiences on William Edward Burghardt Du Bois and his works
Compare and contrast two or three memoirs of the Vietnam veterans
Contributions of Women in the Vietnam War and Society
Impact of Vietnam War on American Culture
The effect of the Vietnam War on Martin Luther King, Jr
The role of the Vietnam War in college grade inflation
Why the book Steel My Soldier’s Hearts is so controversial?
Review The Weather Underground documentary
Review the book Fields of Fire
Exploration of cowardice in The Things They Carried by Tim O’Brien
Analyze and compare the characters of Lieutenant Jimmy Cross and Oedipus the King of Thebes
Violence and transformation in When Heaven and Earth Changed Places memoir by Le Ly Hayslip
World War I as a background to the rise of Nazism in the 1920s
The impact of World War 1 on the Lost Generation of the Americans
How Leni Riefenstahl conveys the theme of power in Triumph des Willens (1935)?
Constructivism as a direct result of World War 1
Ludwig Wittgenstein’s soldier experience in World War 1 and its influence on his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
African-American experiences in World War 1 and World War 2 as precursors to the Civil Rights Movement

The Psychology of War Essay Topics

It seems that humans just cannot live in peace with each other, despite claiming peace is all they want. Why? Is it a fundamental flaw in human nature? Let’s ponder on it together while working on the following essay topics.

Sublimations of the belligerent instinct in peaceful times
Human behavior in times of war: cruelty and evil as a shift in cognition
War as a collective action
Evolutionary war psychology: offense and defense as adaptations
Psychological phenomena of society before and during the war
Survivor’s guilt as a response to trauma
History of posttraumatic stress disorder
Challenges of peace negotiations during civil wars
Physical objects as symbols of emotional scars in Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried
Mental health, PTSD, and law in the Dillon vs. Legg case from 1968
Korean War PTSD in Home by Toni Morrison
Mental, physical, psychological conditions of soldiers during and after the Vietnam war in The Village by Bing West
Shell-shock and trauma in Pat Barker’s Regeneration
Review How Full Is Your Bucket by Tom Rath and Don Clifton , “Negativity Kills” chapter. How does psychological torture suffered by American POWs affect them?
Review William James’ essay The Moral Equivalent of War
Review Steve Taylor’s book Back to Sanity
Review Steven Pinker’s book The Better Angels of Our Nature
Review Lawrence Leshan’s The Psychology of War: Comprehending Its Mystique and Its Madness
What did Hannah Arendt mean by the “banality of evil”? Why is her case study so controversial?
Stanford Prison Experiment: the truth and the myth
The history of psychological tactics in warfare
Theories of warfare as pathological behavior
War as a way to increase wealth, status, and power
War and group identity
The decline of warfare

War Economy Essay Topics

War economy is the economy of a country at war. Its most pressing task is to decide how to better allocate resources for defense, support of the army, and basic necessities for civilians. Look at how war economies functioned throughout history with these topics.

Industrial, technological, and medical advancements sparked by war economies
Financial costs of the American Revolutionary War
Economic history of the U.S.: Colonial economy to 1780
Compare and contrast Afghanistan War and Vietnam War and their respective impact on the United States economy
Compare and contrast the Iraq and Vietnam Wars and their impact on the American economy
Compare and contrast the Spanish-American War and World War I on the United States economy
S. involvement in the world since the late 19 th century
The “roaring twenties” in the wake of the World War 1: economic and political aspects
How and why saving bonds were used in America during World War 1 and 2
Deficits and surpluses in the U.S. Federal budget and correlation with wars
How wars and recessions influence public tolerance of immigrants
United States stock market fluctuations in correlation with conflicts of the 20 th
How did World War 1 change the movement of capital between the rich and the poor countries?
The economic relationship between the USA and Europe in the wake of World War 1
Postwar and Cold War economic recovery (1945–1970)
Macy’s in the years of the Great Depression and World War 2
The significance of global factors shaping national businesses
Financial competition during the Cold War
Episodes of hyperinflation associated with the U.S. War of Independence and the Civil War
The department of defense budget during the war in Afghanistan
Equipment expenditure and holdings of the war in Afghanistan on WikiLeaks
Consequences of the War in Iraq for the American economy
How the U.S. military funding affects world politics and justice
Is ethical or non-ethical business more beneficial from a long-term perspective? (on the example of Halliburton oil company and its involvement in Iraq War)
Ukraine’s war economy: how state and society team up under threat to freedom and existence

War in Media and Culture

Media shapes our perception of the world – and war is not an exception. In our increasingly mediated age, journalists and artists become critical to understanding the reality behind political narratives.

How media affect people’s perception of war and willingness to wage it
Northern ladies’ fashion as a political statement during the American Civil War
How is the role of media in the coverage of war depicted in Weapons of Mass Deception ?
Chaos and havoc in music as an expression of World War I
Protest music in reaction to the Vietnam War
The reality of war in Erich Maria Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front
Does Gone with the Wind support or debunk the “Lost Cause” mythology?
Recording horror, preserving history: The development of modern film during World War I
Compare Ernest Hemingway’s Soldier’s Home and its 1977 film adaptation
Compare and contrast The Vietnam War Memorial by Maya Lin and The Three Soldiers by Fredrick Hart
“The most detested war”: Vietnam War and the media
Identity and linguistic dynamics in a group setting on the example of old comrades-in-arms
Opinions supporting the U.S. use of power in the Vietnam War
Slaughterhouse-Five, World War II, and the Vietnam War
MASH TV show tonal shift and the anti-war message
The Vietnam War poetry
Review the documental Heart of Darkness: Vietnam War Chronicles
Review the Green Berets movie
Review the Apocalypse Now by Francis Ford Coppola
Review the Platoon movie
Analyze the film Saving Private Ryan
Review Laura Hillenbrand’s book Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption
Review the movie Casablanca
Metafiction, language, and symbols in Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried
Compare and contrast two poems about war: Dulce et Decorum Est and The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner

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Home — Essay Samples — War — Effects of War — The Many Aspects of War

The Many Aspects of War

Categories: Effects of War

About this sample

Words: 822 |

Published: Jan 30, 2024

Words: 822 | Pages: 2 | 5 min read

Historical perspectives of war, causes of war, types of war, impacts of war on society, ethical and moral aspects of war, role of media in war, international institutions and peacekeeping efforts.

Ndulo, M., & Chan, A. K. (2017). The meaning and nature of war: An introduction. In War, aggression, and self-defense (pp. 3-14). Routledge.
Gatzke, H. W. (2004). The history of the ancient world: From the earliest accounts to the fall of Rome. Routledge.
Murray, J., & Huges, W. (2013). The Oxford handbook of medieval warfare. Oxford University Press.
Freedman, L. (2013). The evolution of nuclear strategy. Palgrave Macmillan.
Koha, A., & Samiullah, Y. (2018). Causes of war: A theoretical analysis. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, 6(2), 25-31.
Kaldor, M. (2012). New and old wars: Organized violence in a global era. John Wiley & Sons.
Stolleis, M., & Simon, R. S. (2009). The Oxford handbook of international human rights law. Oxford University Press.
Belli, R. F., & Schroeder, M. L. (2017). The international community and the United Nations: Challenges and opportunities. Routledge.

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9 big questions about Russia’s war in Ukraine, answered

Addressing some of the most pressing questions of the whole war, from how it started to how it might end.

by Zack Beauchamp

A Ukrainian woman stands with her belongings outside a bombed maternity hospital in Mariupol.

The Russian war in Ukraine has proven itself to be one of the most consequential political events of our time — and one of the most confusing.

From the outset, Russia’s decision to invade was hard to understand; it seemed at odds with what most experts saw as Russia’s strategic interests. As the war has progressed, the widely predicted Russian victory has failed to emerge as Ukrainian fighters have repeatedly fended off attacks from a vastly superior force. Around the world, from Washington to Berlin to Beijing, global powers have reacted in striking and even historically unprecedented fashion.

What follows is an attempt to make sense of all of this: to tackle the biggest questions everyone is asking about the war. It is a comprehensive guide to understanding what is happening in Ukraine and why it matters.

1) Why did Russia invade Ukraine?

In a televised speech announcing Russia’s “special military operation” in Ukraine on February 24 , Russian President Vladimir Putin said the invasion was designed to stop a “genocide” perpetrated by “the Kyiv regime” — and ultimately to achieve “the demilitarization and de-Nazification of Ukraine.”

Though the claims of genocide and Nazi rule in Kyiv were transparently false , the rhetoric revealed Putin’s maximalist war aims: regime change (“de-Nazification”) and the elimination of Ukraine’s status as a sovereign state outside of Russian control (“demilitarization”). Why he would want to do this is a more complex story, one that emerges out of the very long arc of Russian-Ukrainian relations.

Ukraine and Russia have significant, deep, and longstanding cultural and historical ties; both date their political origins back to the ninth-century Slavic kingdom of Kievan Rus. But these ties do not make them historically identical, as Putin has repeatedly claimed in his public rhetoric. Since the rise of the modern Ukrainian national movement in the mid- to late-19th century , Russian rule in Ukraine — in both the czarist and Soviet periods — increasingly came to resemble that of an imperial power governing an unwilling colony .

Russian imperial rule ended in 1991 when 92 percent of Ukrainians voted in a national referendum to secede from the decaying Soviet Union. Almost immediately afterward , political scientists and regional experts began warning that the Russian-Ukrainian border would be a flashpoint, predicting that internal divides between the more pro-European population of western Ukraine and relatively more pro-Russian east , contested territory like the Crimean Peninsula , and Russian desire to reestablish control over its wayward vassal could all lead to conflict between the new neighbors.

It took about 20 years for these predictions to be proven right. In late 2013, Ukrainians took to the streets to protest the authoritarian and pro-Russian tilt of incumbent President Viktor Yanukovych, forcing his resignation on February 22, 2014. Five days later, the Russian military swiftly seized control of Crimea and declared it Russian territory, a brazenly illegal move that a majority of Crimeans nonetheless seemed to welcome . Pro-Russia protests in Russian-speaking eastern Ukraine gave way to a violent rebellion — one stoked and armed by the Kremlin , and backed by disguised Russian troops .

Protesters carrying a huge European Union flag.

The Ukrainian uprising against Yanukovych — called the “Euromaidan” movement because they were pro-EU protests that most prominently took place in Kyiv’s Maidan square — represented to Russia a threat not just to its influence over Ukraine but to the very survival of Putin’s regime. In Putin’s mind, Euromaidan was a Western-sponsored plot to overthrow a Kremlin ally, part of a broader plan to undermine Russia itself that included NATO’s post-Cold War expansions to the east.

“We understand what is happening; we understand that [the protests] were aimed against Ukraine and Russia and against Eurasian integration,” he said in a March 2014 speech on the annexation of Crimea. “With Ukraine, our Western partners have crossed the line.”

Beneath this rhetoric, according to experts on Russia, lies a deeper unstated fear: that his regime might fall prey to a similar protest movement . Ukraine could not succeed, in his view, because it might create a pro-Western model for Russians to emulate — one that the United States might eventually try to covertly export to Moscow. This was a central part of his thinking in 2014 , and it remains so today.

“He sees CIA agents behind every anti-Russian political movement,” says Seva Gunitsky, a political scientist who studies Russia at the University of Toronto. “He thinks the West wants to subvert his regime the way they did in Ukraine.”

Beginning in March 2021, Russian forces began deploying to the Ukrainian border in larger and larger numbers. Putin’s nationalist rhetoric became more aggressive: In July 2021, the Russian president published a 5,000-word essay arguing that Ukrainian nationalism was a fiction, that the country was historically always part of Russia, and that a pro-Western Ukraine posed an existential threat to the Russian nation.

Europe’s embrace of Ukrainian refugees, explained in six charts and one map

“The formation of an ethnically pure Ukrainian state, aggressive towards Russia, is comparable in its consequences to the use of weapons of mass destruction against us,” as he put it in his 2021 essay .

Why Putin decided that merely seizing part of Ukraine was no longer enough remains a matter of significant debate among experts. One theory, advanced by Russian journalist Mikhail Zygar , is that pandemic-induced isolation drove him to an extreme ideological place.

But while the immediate cause of Putin’s shift on Ukraine is not clear, the nature of that shift is. His longtime belief in the urgency of restoring Russia’s greatness curdled into a neo-imperial desire to bring Ukraine back under direct Russian control. And in Russia, where Putin rules basically unchecked, that meant a full-scale war.

2) Who is winning the war?

On paper , Russia’s military vastly outstrips Ukraine’s. Russia spends over 10 times as much on defense annually as Ukraine; the Russian military has a little under three times as much artillery as Ukraine and roughly 10 times as many fixed-wing aircraft. As a result, the general pre-invasion view was that Russia would easily win a conventional war. In early February, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs Mark Milley told members of Congress that Kyiv, the capital, could fall within 72 hours of a Russian invasion .

But that’s not how things have played out . A month into the invasion, Ukrainians still hold Kyiv. Russia has made some gains, especially in the east and south, but the consensus view among military experts is that Ukraine’s defenses have held stoutly — to the point where Ukrainians have been able to launch counteroffensives .

A soldier walks in front of a destroyed Russian tank in Kharkov, Ukraine, on March 14.

The initial Russian plan reportedly operated under the assumption that a swift march on Kyiv would meet only token resistance. Putin “actually really thought this would be a ‘special military operation’: They would be done in a few days, and it wouldn’t be a real war,” says Michael Kofman, an expert on the Russian military at the CNA think tank.

This plan fell apart within the first 48 hours of the war when early operations like an airborne assault on the Hostomel airport ended in disaster , forcing Russian generals to develop a new strategy on the fly. What they came up with — massive artillery bombardments and attempts to encircle and besiege Ukraine’s major cities — was more effective (and more brutal). The Russians made some inroads into Ukrainian territory, especially in the south, where they have laid siege to Mariupol and taken Kherson and Melitopol.

Assessed territory in Ukraine controlled by Russian military (in red).

But these Russian advances are a bit misleading. Ukraine, Kofman explains, made the tactical decision to trade “space for time” : to withdraw strategically rather than fight for every inch of Ukrainian land, confronting the Russians on the territory and at the time of their choosing.

As the fighting continued, the nature of the Ukrainian choice became clearer. Instead of getting into pitched large-scale battles with Russians on open terrain, where Russia’s numerical advantages would prove decisive, the Ukrainians instead decided to engage in a series of smaller-scale clashes .

Ukrainian forces have bogged down Russian units in towns and smaller cities ; street-to-street combat favors defenders who can use their superior knowledge of the city’s geography to hide and conduct ambushes. They have attacked isolated and exposed Russian units traveling on open roads. They have repeatedly raided poorly protected supply lines.

This approach has proven remarkably effective. By mid-March, Western intelligence agencies and open source analysts concluded that the Ukrainians had successfully managed to stall the Russian invasion. The Russian military all but openly recognized this reality in a late March briefing, in which top generals implausibly claimed they never intended to take Kyiv and were always focused on making territorial gains in the east.

“The initial Russian campaign to invade and conquer Ukraine is culminating without achieving its objectives — it is being defeated, in other words,” military scholar Frederick Kagan wrote in a March 22 brief for the Institute for the Study of War (ISW) think tank.

Currently, Ukrainian forces are on the offensive. They have pushed the Russians farther from Kyiv , with some reports suggesting they have retaken the suburb of Irpin and forced Russia to withdraw some of its forces from the area in a tacit admission of defeat. In the south, Ukrainian forces are contesting Russian control over Kherson .

And throughout the fighting, Russian casualties have been horrifically high.

It’s hard to get accurate information in a war zone, but one of the more authoritative estimates of Russian war dead — from the US Defense Department — concludes that over 7,000 Russian soldiers have been killed in the first three weeks of fighting, a figure about three times as large as the total US service members dead in all 20 years of fighting in Afghanistan. A separate NATO estimate puts that at the low end, estimating between 7,000 and 15,000 Russians killed in action and as many as 40,000 total losses (including injuries, captures, and desertions). Seven Russian generals have been reported killed in the fighting, and materiel losses — ranging from armor to aircraft — have been enormous. (Russia puts its death toll at more than 1,300 soldiers, which is almost certainly a significant undercount.)

This all does not mean that a Russian victory is impossible. Any number of things, ranging from Russian reinforcements to the fall of besieged Mariupol, could give the war effort new life.

It does, however, mean that what Russia is doing right now hasn’t worked.

“If the point is just to wreak havoc, then they’re doing fine. But if the point is to wreak havoc and thus advance further — be able to hold more territory — they’re not doing fine,” says Olga Oliker, the program director for Europe and Central Asia at the International Crisis Group.

3) Why is Russia’s military performing so poorly?

Russia’s invasion has gone awry for two basic reasons: Its military wasn’t ready to fight a war like this, and the Ukrainians have put up a much stronger defense than anyone expected.

Russia’s problems begin with Putin’s unrealistic invasion plan. But even after the Russian high command adjusted its strategy, other flaws in the army remained.

“We’re seeing a country militarily implode,” says Robert Farley, a professor who studies air power at the University of Kentucky.

One of the biggest and most noticeable issues has been rickety logistics. Some of the most famous images of the war have been of Russian armored vehicles parked on Ukrainian roads, seemingly out of gas and unable to advance. The Russian forces have proven to be underequipped and badly supplied, encountering problems ranging from poor communications to inadequate tires .

Part of the reason is a lack of sufficient preparation. Per Kofman, the Russian military simply “wasn’t organized for this kind of war” — meaning, the conquest of Europe’s second-largest country by area. Another part of it is corruption in the Russian procurement system. Graft in Russia is less a bug in its political system than a feature; one way the Kremlin maintains the loyalty of its elite is by allowing them to profit off of government activity . Military procurement is no exception to this pattern of widespread corruption, and it has led to troops having substandard access to vital supplies .

The same lack of preparation has plagued Russia’s air force . Despite outnumbering the Ukrainian air force by roughly 10 times, the Russians have failed to establish air superiority: Ukraine’s planes are still flying and its air defenses mostly remain in place .

“The Russian Army was not prepared to fight this war” —Jason Lyall, Dartmouth political scientist

Perhaps most importantly, close observers of the war believe Russians are suffering from poor morale. Because Putin’s plan to invade Ukraine was kept secret from the vast majority of Russians, the government had a limited ability to lay a propaganda groundwork that would get their soldiers motivated to fight. The current Russian force has little sense of what they’re fighting for or why — and are waging war against a country with which they have religious, ethnic, historical, and potentially even familial ties. In a military that has long had systemic morale problems, that’s a recipe for battlefield disaster.

“Russian morale was incredibly low BEFORE the war broke out. Brutal hazing in the military, second-class (or worse) status by its conscript soldiers, ethnic divisions, corruption, you name it: the Russian Army was not prepared to fight this war,” Jason Lyall, a Dartmouth political scientist who studies morale, explains via email. “High rates of abandoned or captured equipment, reports of sabotaged equipment, and large numbers of soldiers deserting (or simply camping out in the forest) are all products of low morale.”

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy delivers a speech via videoconference to the US Congress at the Capitol on March 16.

The contrast with the Ukrainians couldn’t be starker. They are defending their homes and their families from an unprovoked invasion, led by a charismatic leader who has made a personal stand in Kyiv. Ukrainian high morale is a key reason, in addition to advanced Western armaments, that the defenders have dramatically outperformed expectations.

“Having spent a chunk of my professional career [working] with the Ukrainians, nobody, myself included and themselves included, had all that high an estimation of their military capacity,” Oliker says.

Again, none of this will necessarily remain the case throughout the war. Morale can shift with battlefield developments. And even if Russian morale remains low, it’s still possible for them to win — though they’re more likely to do so in a brutally ugly fashion.

4) What has the war meant for ordinary Ukrainians?

As the fighting has dragged on, Russia has gravitated toward tactics that, by design, hurt civilians. Most notably, Russia has attempted to lay siege to Ukraine’s cities, cutting off supply and escape routes while bombarding them with artillery. The purpose of the strategy is to wear down the Ukrainian defenders’ willingness to fight, including by inflicting mass pain on the civilian populations.

The result has been nightmarish: an astonishing outflow of Ukrainian refugees and tremendous suffering for many of those who were unwilling or unable to leave.

According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees , more than 3.8 million Ukrainians fled the country between February 24 and March 27. That’s about 8.8 percent of Ukraine’s total population — in proportional terms, the rough equivalent of the entire population of Texas being forced to flee the United States.

Another point of comparison: In 2015, four years into the Syrian civil war and the height of the global refugee crisis, there were a little more than 4 million Syrian refugees living in nearby countries . The Ukraine war has produced a similarly sized exodus in just a month, leading to truly massive refugee flows to its European neighbors. Poland, the primary destination of Ukrainian refugees, is currently housing over 2.3 million Ukrainians, a figure larger than the entire population of Warsaw, its capital and largest city.

The map shows the escape routes for people fleeing the Ukraine crisis. It includes 31 border checkpoints to neighboring countries, and six humanitarian corridors.

For those civilians who have been unable to flee, the situation is dire. There are no reliable estimates of death totals; a March 27 UN estimate puts the figure at 1,119 but cautions that “the actual figures are considerably higher [because] the receipt of information from some locations where intense hostilities have been going on has been delayed and many reports are still pending corroboration.”

The UN assessment does not blame one side or the other for these deaths, but does note that “most of the civilian casualties recorded were caused by the use of explosive weapons with a wide impact area, including shelling from heavy artillery and multiple-launch rocket systems, and missile and airstrikes.” It is the Russians, primarily, who are using these sorts of weapons in populated areas; Human Rights Watch has announced that there are “early signs of war crimes” being committed by Russian soldiers in these kinds of attacks, and President Joe Biden has personally labeled Putin a “war criminal.”

Nowhere is this devastation more visible than the southern city of Mariupol, the largest Ukrainian population center to which Russia has laid siege. Aerial footage of the city published by the Guardian in late March reveals entire blocks demolished by Russian bombardment:

In mid-March, three Associated Press journalists — the last international reporters in the city before they too were evacuated — managed to file a dispatch describing life on the ground. They reported a death total of 2,500 but cautioned that “many bodies can’t be counted because of the endless shelling .” The situation is impossibly dire:

Airstrikes and shells have hit the maternity hospital, the fire department, homes, a church, a field outside a school. For the estimated hundreds of thousands who remain, there is quite simply nowhere to go. The surrounding roads are mined and the port blocked. Food is running out, and the Russians have stopped humanitarian attempts to bring it in. Electricity is mostly gone and water is sparse, with residents melting snow to drink. Some parents have even left their newborns at the hospital, perhaps hoping to give them a chance at life in the one place with decent electricity and water.

The battlefield failures of the Russian military have raised questions about its competence in difficult block-to-block fighting; Farley, the Kentucky professor, says, “This Russian army does not look like it can conduct serious [urban warfare].” As a result, taking Ukrainian cities means besieging them — starving them out, destroying their will to fight, and only moving into the city proper after its population is unwilling to resist or outright incapable of putting up a fight.

5) What do Russians think about the war?

Vladimir Putin’s government has ramped up its already repressive policies during the Ukraine conflict, shuttering independent media outlets and blocking access to Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram . It’s now extremely difficult to get a sense of what either ordinary Russians or the country’s elite think about the war, as criticizing it could lead to a lengthy stint in prison.

But despite this opacity, expert Russia watchers have developed a broad idea of what’s going on there. The war has stirred up some opposition and anti-Putin sentiment, but it has been confined to a minority who are unlikely to change Putin’s mind, let alone topple him.

The bulk of the Russian public was no more prepared for war than the bulk of the Russian military — in fact, probably less so. After Putin announced the launch of his “special military operation” in Ukraine on national television, there was a surprising amount of criticism from high-profile Russians — figures ranging from billionaires to athletes to social media influencers. One Russian journalist, Marina Ovsyannikova, bravely ran into the background of a government broadcast while holding an antiwar sign.

“It is unprecedented to see oligarchs, other elected officials, and other powerful people in society publicly speaking out against the war,” says Alexis Lerner, a scholar of dissent in Russia at the US Naval Academy.

There have also been antiwar rallies in dozens of Russian cities. How many have participated in these rallies is hard to say, but the human rights group OVD-Info estimates that over 15,000 Russians have been arrested at the events since the war began.

Could these eruptions of antiwar sentiment at the elite and mass public level suggest a coming coup or revolution against the Putin regime? Experts caution that these events remain quite unlikely.

Putin has done an effective job engaging in what political scientists call “coup-proofing.” He has put in barriers — from seeding the military with counterintelligence officers to splitting up the state security services into different groups led by trusted allies — that make it quite difficult for anyone in his government to successfully move against him.

“Putin has prepared for this eventuality for a long time and has taken a lot of concerted actions to make sure he’s not vulnerable,” says Adam Casey, a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Michigan who studies the history of coups in Russia and the former communist bloc.

Similarly, turning the antiwar protests into a full-blown influential movement is a very tall order.

“It is hard to organize sustained collective protest in Russia,” notes Erica Chenoweth, a political scientist at Harvard who studies protest movements . “Putin’s government has criminalized many forms of protests, and has shut down or restricted the activities of groups, movements, and media outlets perceived to be in opposition or associated with the West.”

Underpinning it all is tight government control of the information environment. Most Russians get their news from government-run media , which has been serving up a steady diet of pro-war content. Many of them appear to genuinely believe what they hear: One independent opinion poll found that 58 percent of Russians supported the war to at least some degree.

Prior to the war, Putin also appeared to be a genuinely popular figure in Russia. The elite depend on him for their position and fortune; many citizens see him as the man who saved Russia from the chaos of the immediate post-Communist period. A disastrous war might end up changing that, but the odds that even a sustained drop in his support translates into a coup or revolution remain low indeed.

6) What is the US role in the conflict?

The war remains, for the moment, a conflict between Ukraine and Russia. But the United States is the most important third party, using a number of powerful tools — short of direct military intervention — to aid the Ukrainian cause.

Any serious assessment of US involvement needs to start in the post-Cold War 1990s , when the US and its NATO allies made the decision to open alliance membership to former communist states.

Many of these countries, wary of once again being put under the Russian boot, clamored to join the alliance, which commits all involved countries to defend any member-state in the event of an attack. In 2008, NATO officially announced that Georgia and Ukraine — two former Soviet republics right on Russia’s doorstep — “ will become members of NATO ” at an unspecified future date. This infuriated the Russians, who saw NATO expansion as a direct threat to their own security.

There is no doubt that NATO expansion helped create some of the background conditions under which the current conflict became thinkable, generally pushing Putin’s foreign policy in a more anti-Western direction. Some experts see it as one of the key causes of his decision to attack Ukraine — but others strongly disagree, noting that NATO membership for Ukraine was already basically off the table before the war and that Russia’s declared war aims went far beyond simply blocking Ukraine’s NATO bid .

“NATO expansion was deeply unpopular in Russia. [But] Putin did not invade because of NATO expansion,” says Yoshiko Herrera, a Russia expert at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Regardless of where one falls on that debate, US policy during the conflict has been exceptionally clear: support the Ukrainians with massive amounts of military assistance while putting pressure on Putin to back down by organizing an unprecedented array of international economic sanctions.

Antiwar activists march during a protest against the Russian invasion of Ukraine in Times Square, New York City, on March 26.

On the military side, weapons systems manufactured and provided by the US and Europe have played a vital role in blunting Russia’s advance. The Javelin anti-tank missile system, for example, is a lightweight American-made launcher that allows one or two infantry soldiers to take out a tank . Javelins have given the outgunned Ukrainians a fighting chance against Russian armor, becoming a popular symbol in the process .

Sanctions have proven similarly devastating in the economic realm .

The international punishments have been extremely broad, ranging from removing key Russian banks from the SWIFT global transaction system to a US ban on Russian oil imports to restrictions on doing business with particular members of the Russian elite . Freezing the assets of Russia’s central bank has proven to be a particularly damaging tool, wrecking Russia’s ability to deal with the collapse in the value of the ruble, its currency. As a result, the Russian economy is projected to contract by 15 percent this year ; mass unemployment looms .

There is more America can do, particularly when it comes to fulfilling Ukrainian requests for new fighter jets. In March, Washington rejected a Polish plan to transfer MiG-29 aircraft to Ukraine via a US Air Force base in Germany, arguing that it could be too provocative.

But the MiG-29 incident is more the exception than it is the rule. On the whole, the United States has been strikingly willing to take aggressive steps to punish Moscow and aid Kyiv’s war effort.

7) How is the rest of the world responding to Russia’s actions?

On the surface, the world appears to be fairly united behind the Ukrainian cause. The UN General Assembly passed a resolution condemning the Russian invasion by a whopping 141-5 margin (with 35 abstentions). But the UN vote conceals a great deal of disagreement, especially among the world’s largest and most influential countries — divergences that don’t always fall neatly along democracy-versus-autocracy lines.

The most aggressive anti-Russian and pro-Ukrainian positions can, perhaps unsurprisingly, be found in Europe and the broader West. EU and NATO members, with the partial exceptions of Hungary and Turkey , have strongly supported the Ukrainian war effort and implemented punishing sanctions on Russia (a major trading partner). It’s the strongest show of European unity since the Cold War, one that many observers see as a sign that Putin’s invasion has already backfired.

Germany, which has important trade ties with Russia and a post-World War II tradition of pacifism, is perhaps the most striking case. Nearly overnight, the Russian invasion convinced center-left Chancellor Olaf Scholz to support rearmament , introducing a proposal to more than triple Germany’s defense budget that’s widely backed by the German public.

“It’s really revolutionary,” Sophia Besch, a Berlin-based senior research fellow at the Centre for European Reform, told my colleague Jen Kirby . “Scholz, in his speech, did away with and overturned so many of what we thought were certainties of German defense policy.”

Thousands of people take part in an antiwar demonstration in Dusseldorf, Germany, on March 5.

Though Scholz has refused to outright ban Russian oil and gas imports, he has blocked the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline and committed to a long-term strategy of weaning Germany off of Russian energy. All signs point to Russia waking a sleeping giant — of creating a powerful military and economic enemy in the heart of the European continent.

China, by contrast, has been the most pro-Russia of the major global powers.

The two countries, bound by shared animus toward a US-dominated world order, have grown increasingly close in recent years. Chinese propaganda has largely toed the Russian line on the Ukraine war. US intelligence, which has been remarkably accurate during the crisis, believes that Russia has requested military and financial assistance from Beijing — which hasn’t been provided yet but may well be forthcoming.

That said, it’s possible to overstate the degree to which China has taken the Russian side. Beijing has a strong stated commitment to state sovereignty — the bedrock of its position on Taiwan is that the island is actually Chinese territory — which makes a full-throated backing of the invasion ideologically awkward . There’s a notable amount of debate among Chinese policy experts and in the public , with some analysts publicly advocating that Beijing adopt a more neutral line on the conflict.

Most other countries around the world fall somewhere on the spectrum between the West and China. Outside of Europe, only a handful of mostly pro-American states — like South Korea, Japan, and Australia — have joined the sanctions regime. The majority of countries in Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America do not support the invasion, but won’t do very much to punish Russia for it either.

Why India isn’t denouncing Russia’s Ukraine war

India is perhaps the most interesting country in this category. A rising Asian democracy that has violently clashed with China in the very recent past , it has good reasons to present itself as an American partner in the defense of freedom. Yet India also depends heavily on Russian-made weapons for its own defense and hopes to use its relationship with Russia to limit the Moscow-Beijing partnership. It’s also worth noting that India’s prime minister, Narendra Modi, has strong autocratic inclinations .

The result of all of this is a balancing act reminiscent of India’s Cold War approach of “non-alignment” : refusing to side with either the Russian or American positions while attempting to maintain decent relations with both . India’s perceptions of its strategic interests, more than ideological views about democracy, appear to be shaping its response to the war — as seems to be the case with quite a few countries around the world.

8) Could this turn into World War III?

The basic, scary answer to this question is yes: The invasion of Ukraine has put us at the greatest risk of a NATO-Russia war in decades.

The somewhat more comforting and nuanced answer is that the absolute risk remains relatively low so long as there is no direct NATO involvement in the conflict, which the Biden administration has repeatedly ruled out . Though Biden said “this man [Putin] cannot remain in power” in a late March speech, both White House officials and the president himself stressed afterward that the US policy was not regime change in Moscow.

“Things are stable in a nuclear sense right now,” says Jeffrey Lewis, an expert on nuclear weapons at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies. “The minute NATO gets involved, the scope of the war widens.”

In theory, US and NATO military assistance to Ukraine could open the door to escalation: Russia could attack a military depot in Poland containing weapons bound for Ukraine, for instance. But in practice, it’s unlikely: The Russians don’t appear to want a wider war with NATO that risks nuclear escalation, and so have avoided cross-border strikes even when it might destroy supply shipments bound for Ukraine.

In early March, the US Department of Defense opened a direct line of communication with its Russian peers in order to avoid any kind of accidental conflict. It’s not clear how well this is working — some reporting suggests the Russians aren’t answering American calls — but there is a long history of effective dialogue between rivals who are fighting each other through proxy forces.

“States often cooperate to keep limits on their wars even as they fight one another clandestinely,” Lyall, the Dartmouth professor, tells me. “While there’s always a risk of unintended escalation, historical examples like Vietnam, Afghanistan (1980s), Afghanistan again (post-2001), and Syria show that wars can be fought ‘within bounds.’”

President Biden meets NATO allies in Poland on March 25 as they coordinate reaction to Russia’s war in Ukraine.

If the United States and NATO heed the call of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy to impose a so-called “no-fly zone” over Ukrainian skies, the situation changes dramatically. No-fly zones are commitments to patrol and, if necessary, shoot down military aircraft that fly in the declared area, generally for the purpose of protecting civilians. In Ukraine, that would mean the US and its NATO allies sending in jets to patrol Ukraine’s skies — and being willing to shoot down any Russian planes that enter protected airspace. From there, the risks of a nuclear conflict become terrifyingly high.

Russia recognizes its inferiority to NATO in conventional terms; its military doctrine has long envisioned the use of nuclear weapons in a war with the Western alliance . In his speech declaring war on Ukraine, Putin all but openly vowed that any international intervention in the conflict would trigger nuclear retaliation.

“To anyone who would consider interfering from the outside: If you do, you will face consequences greater than any you have faced in history,” the Russian president said. “I hope you hear me.”

The Biden administration is taking these threats seriously. Much as the Kremlin hasn’t struck NATO supply missions to Ukraine, the White House has flatly rejected a no-fly zone or any other kind of direct military intervention.

“We will not fight a war against Russia in Ukraine,” Biden said on March 11 . “Direct conflict between NATO and Russia is World War III, something we must strive to prevent.”

This does not mean the risk of a wider war is zero . Accidents happen, and countries can be dragged into war against their leaders’ best judgment. Political positions and risk calculi can also change: If Russia starts losing badly and uses smaller nukes on Ukrainian forces (called “tactical” nuclear weapons), Biden would likely feel the need to respond in some fairly aggressive way. Much depends on Washington and Moscow continuing to show a certain level of restraint.

9) How could the war end?

Wars do not typically end with the total defeat of one side or the other. More commonly, there’s some kind of negotiated settlement — either a ceasefire or more permanent peace treaty — where the two sides agree to stop fighting under a set of mutually agreeable terms.

It is possible that the Ukraine conflict turns out to be an exception: that Russian morale collapses completely, leading to utter battlefield defeat, or that Russia inflicts so much pain that Kyiv collapses. But most analysts believe that neither of these is especially likely given the way the war has played out to date.

“No matter how much military firepower they pour into it, [the Russians] are not going to be able to achieve regime change or some of their maximalist aims,” Kofman, of the CNA think tank, declares.

A negotiated settlement is the most likely way the conflict ends. Peace negotiations between the two sides are ongoing, and some reporting suggests they’re bearing fruit. On March 28, the Financial Times reported significant progress on a draft agreement covering issues ranging from Ukrainian NATO membership to the “de-Nazification” of Ukraine. The next day, Russia pledged to decrease its use of force in Ukraine’s north as a sign of its commitment to the talks.

American officials, though, have been publicly skeptical of Russia’s seriousness in the talks. Even if Moscow is committed to reaching a settlement, the devil is always in the details with these sorts of things — and there are lots of barriers standing in the way of a successful resolution.

Ukrainian evacuees stand in line as they wait for further transport at the Medyka border crossing near the Ukrainian-Polish border on March 29.

Take NATO. The Russians want a simple pledge that Ukraine will remain “neutral” — staying out of foreign security blocs. The current draft agreement, per the Financial Times, does preclude Ukrainian NATO membership, but it permits Ukraine to join the EU. It also commits at least 11 countries, including the United States and China, to coming to Ukraine’s aid if it is attacked again. This would put Ukraine on a far stronger security footing than it had before the war — a victory for Kyiv and defeat for Moscow, one that Putin may ultimately conclude is unacceptable.

What, exactly, is a “neutral” Ukraine?

Another thorny issue — perhaps the thorniest — is the status of Crimea and the two breakaway Russian-supported republics in eastern Ukraine. The Russians want Ukrainian recognition of its annexation of Crimea and the independence of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions; Ukraine claims all three as part of its territory. Some compromise is imaginable here — an internationally monitored referendum in each territory, perhaps — but what that would look like is not obvious.

The resolution of these issues will likely depend quite a bit on the war’s progress. The more each side believes it has a decent chance to improve its battlefield position and gain leverage in negotiations, the less reason either will have to make concessions to the other in the name of ending the fighting.

And even if they do somehow come to an agreement, it may not end up holding .

On the Ukrainian side, ultra-nationalist militias could work to undermine any agreement with Russia that they believe gives away too much, as they threatened during pre-war negotiations aimed at preventing the Russian invasion .

On the Russian side, an agreement is only as good as Putin’s word. Even if it contains rigorous provisions designed to raise the costs of future aggression, like international peacekeepers, that may not hold him back from breaking the agreement.

This invasion did, after all, start with him launching an invasion that seemed bound to hurt Russia in the long run. Putin dragged the world into this mess; when and how it gets out of it depends just as heavily on his decisions.

Russia-Ukraine war
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105 Civil War Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

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The Civil War was a defining moment in American history, shaping the nation we know today. With its profound impact on politics, society, and the economy, it remains a fascinating subject for academic research and essay writing. If you're looking for inspiration for your next Civil War essay, we've compiled a list of 105 topic ideas and examples to get you started.

The Causes of the American Civil War: Analyzing the underlying factors that led to the conflict.
Abraham Lincoln's Role in the Civil War: Assessing Lincoln's leadership and decision-making during the war.
The Impact of the Emancipation Proclamation: Examining the significance of Lincoln's proclamation on slavery.
The Role of Women in the Civil War: Exploring the contributions and challenges faced by women during the war.
African Americans in the Civil War: Evaluating the experiences of African American soldiers and their impact on the war effort.
The Battle of Gettysburg: Analyzing the significance and consequences of this pivotal battle.
The Military Strategies of the Civil War: Comparing and contrasting the strategies employed by the Union and Confederate armies.
The Role of Technology in the Civil War: Investigating the impact of new technologies, such as railroads and telegraphs, on the war.
The Role of Foreign Powers in the Civil War: Examining the involvement of European powers and their influence on the conflict.
The Economic Consequences of the Civil War: Assessing the long-term economic effects of the war on the United States.
The Role of Religion in the Civil War: Exploring the influence of religious beliefs and institutions on the conflict.
Espionage and Intelligence in the Civil War: Investigating the use of spies and intelligence-gathering during the war.
The Impact of Photography on the Civil War: Analyzing the role of photography in shaping public perception of the war.
The Home Front during the Civil War: Examining the experiences and challenges faced by civilians during the war.
The Battle of Antietam: Assessing the significance of this bloody battle and its impact on the war.
The Role of Guerrilla Warfare in the Civil War: Exploring the tactics employed by irregular forces during the conflict.
The Role of Native Americans in the Civil War: Investigating the participation and experiences of Native American tribes during the war.
The Role of Religion in the Confederate States: Analyzing the influence of religion on the Confederate cause.
The Impact of Disease on the Civil War: Examining the role of diseases, such as dysentery and smallpox, in the war's outcome.
The Battle of Bull Run: Assessing the significance of the first major battle of the Civil War.
The Aftermath of the Civil War: Analyzing the political, social, and economic consequences of the war's end.
The Role of Abraham Lincoln's Assassination in Shaping Reconstruction: Exploring how Lincoln's assassination affected the post-war period.
The Role of Slavery in the Southern Economy: Investigating the economic dependence on slavery in the Confederate states.
The Impact of Sherman's March to the Sea: Assessing the consequences of General Sherman's devastating campaign.
The Confederate Constitution: Analyzing the similarities and differences between the Confederate and United States constitutions.
The Role of Women as Spies during the Civil War: Investigating the contributions of female spies to the war effort.
The Role of Border States in the Civil War: Exploring the challenges faced by states that remained loyal to the Union but allowed slavery.
The Battle of Vicksburg: Assessing the significance of this Union victory in the Western Theater.
The Political Leadership of Jefferson Davis: Analyzing Davis's presidency and its impact on the Confederate cause.
The Role of Railroads in the Civil War: Investigating the importance of rail transportation for both the Union and Confederate armies.
The Impact of the Civil War on Native American Tribes: Examining the consequences of the war for Native American lands and tribes.
The Battle of Shiloh: Assessing the significance of this bloody battle in Tennessee.
The Role of Civil War Prisons: Analyzing the conditions and treatment of prisoners on both sides of the conflict.
The Role of Politics in the Union Army: Investigating the influence of politics on military appointments and operations.
The Impact of the Civil War on American Literature: Examining how the war shaped the literary works of the time.
The Battle of Chancellorsville: Assessing the significance of this Confederate victory and the death of General Stonewall Jackson.
The Confederate Navy: Analyzing the role and effectiveness of the Confederate Navy in the war.
The Role of Women as Nurses during the Civil War: Investigating the contributions and challenges faced by women in the nursing profession.
The Impact of Draft Riots during the Civil War: Examining the social unrest and violence caused by the draft.
The Battle of Fredericksburg: Assessing the significance of this Union defeat and its impact on the war.
The Reconstruction Era: Analyzing the challenges and successes of the Reconstruction period after the war.
The Role of Foreign Diplomacy during the Civil War: Investigating the attempts by both the Union and Confederacy to gain international support.
The Impact of the Civil War on Native American Identity: Examining how the war affected Native American cultural and social traditions.
The Battle of Chickamauga: Assessing the significance of this Confederate victory in Georgia.
The Role of Medical Advancements during the Civil War: Analyzing the impact of new medical techniques and knowledge on the war's outcome.
The Impact of the Civil War on Westward Expansion: Investigating how the war influenced the settlement of the Western frontier.
The Battle of Cold Harbor: Assessing the significance of this Union defeat in Virginia.
The Role of African American Women during the Civil War: Exploring the contributions and experiences of African American women in the war effort.
The Impact of the Civil War on Native American Treaties: Examining how the war affected Native American land rights and treaties.
The Battle of Stones River: Assessing the significance of this Union victory in Tennessee.
The Role of Propaganda during the Civil War: Analyzing the use of propaganda and media manipulation by both sides of the conflict.
The Impact of the Civil War on Immigration: Investigating how the war influenced immigration patterns and attitudes toward immigrants.
The Battle of Fort Donelson: Assessing the significance of this Union victory in Tennessee.
The Role of the Telegraph in the Civil War: Analyzing the impact of telegraph communication on military operations and command.
The Impact of the Civil War on the U.S. Constitution: Examining how the war shaped constitutional interpretation and amendments.
The Battle of Spotsylvania Court House: Assessing the significance of this Confederate victory in Virginia.
The Role of African American Soldiers in the Civil War: Investigating the experiences and contributions of black soldiers in the Union Army.
The Impact of Civil War Monuments and Memorials: Analyzing the controversy surrounding Confederate monuments and their place in public memory.
The Battle of Fort Sumter: Assessing the significance of the first shots fired in the Civil War.
The Role of Military Prisons during the Civil War: Investigating the conditions and treatment of prisoners in camps such as Andersonville and Elmira.
The Impact of Civil War Photography on Public Opinion: Examining how photographs of the war influenced public perception and support.
The Role of Propaganda during the Civil War: Analy

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Tomorrow When the War Began Essay Questions

By john marsden, essay questions.

These notes were contributed by members of the GradeSaver community. We are thankful for their contributions and encourage you to make your own.

Written by Timothy Sexton

How does the story of the Hermit thematically connect to Ellie’s record of the events?

One of the themes explored in a minor key in the story is the importance of storytelling and perspective. The novel literally opens with Ellie having been chosen by the others to keep a written record of the experiences of fighting the guerilla war against the invading army. Actually writing down what has happened is important for a number of reasons, but first and foremost it is a record of their acts and thoughts from their perspective. This creates a connection to the story of the Hermit because the truth of what happened to him was wrongly misinterpreted by others and that misperception eventually created the legend which grew around him. The legend is completely at odds with the truth, revealing how the facts of history and the accounts created afterward do not always align. By leaving behind a record of their actions from their perspective, they may also one day alter the course of the misperception of legend as authentic history.

How does this novel illuminate the dramatic shift in storytelling that has taken place over the 21st century?

This novel was published in 1993. Although the year in which it takes place is not specifically identified, presumably it is intended to be contemporary. The story could not realistically unfold in the same way without significant alterations to modern life. The situational premise of being completely cut off from what was happening back home while they enjoyed the isolation of being in Hell would entail any number of unlikely scenarios allowing for their being no wireless internet connection or cell phone service. One can perhaps imagine a situation in which the invading forces acted so quickly to take over wireless communication that it could get them back to their homes without knowing what was going on, but the very lack of access would likely have stimulated concern enough to bring them home too early. The requirement for this story to play out as it does is nothing fantastical and it is that very prosaic quality of daily life that is so fundamentally different between 1993 and the modern world that makes this book excellent material for studying how technological advances impact the basic art of creating narrative.

Why is the nationality of the invading forces never identified?

All that is ever known about the war is that Australia has been invaded by a foreign country and that this country does not enjoy the same standard of living as Australia. Robyn suggests that her homeland bears some responsibility for being invaded because as a richer nation they could have chosen to do more to assist the poorer countries in the region but chose not to. Choosing not to identify the invading country allows the novel to construct is narrative in a more abstract way that does not unnecessarily demonize any actual nation as a potential aggressor. There is, of course, another reason for making the invading army ambiguous. With the exception of New Zealand—which would have no economic imperative to attack its neighbor—every other country in the region logistically capable of carrying out such a successful surprise attack is Asian. Specifically identifying the aggressors as one of the Asian countries not only carries the potential for creating distracting controversy but would also introduce themes related to specific instances of racism and prejudice that the story is not really concerned with or focused upon. Eventually, this ambiguity will be cleared up and the invasive force identified as a “coalition” of countries in Southeast Asia.

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Tomorrow When the War Began Questions and Answers

The Question and Answer section for Tomorrow When the War Began is a great resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss the novel.

Study Guide for Tomorrow When the War Began

Tomorrow When the War Began study guide contains a biography of John Marsden, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis.

About Tomorrow When the War Began
Tomorrow When the War Began Summary
Character List

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Questions about war in Ukraine added to history exam for 11th graders in Russia

The demo version of the Russian Unified State Exam in History for 2025 includes questions about the war in Ukraine and occupied territories. Specifically, students are expected to know the name of the commander of the Sparta Battalion, a unit of the Russian Armed Forces that has been engaged in the war against Ukraine since 2014.

Source : Russian online news outlet Verstka , citing drafts of new exam variants released by Russia's Federal Institute for Pedagogical Measurement

Details : One of the tasks requires students to match geographical locations with historical events and dates. In particular, 11th graders are expected to identify that " the city of Kherson became part of the Russian Federation during the SVO in the 2020s ." ["SVO," or "special military operation," is the term used by Russian propagandists to describe the war against Ukraine – ed.]

In a question requiring students to match historical events with their participants, Vladimir Zhoga, the commander of the Sparta Battalion in the Russian-backed "Donetsk People's Republic" terrorist organisation who was killed in the war in March 2022, is included on the list. Students are expected to link his name with the war against Ukraine.

Questions about the war in Ukraine and annexed territories first appeared in the Russian Unified State History Exam in 2023. One of the questions required students to place in chronological order the signing of "agreements on the acceptance of the DPR, LPR, [Russian-backed ‘Donetsk/Luhansk People's Republic’ terrorist organisations] Zaporizhzhia and Kherson oblasts into Russia", the launch of the world's first nuclear power plant, and Magellan expedition.

Another task requires 11th-graders to relate the 1242 Battle on the Ice, the ongoing war against Ukraine, the 1709 Battle of Poltava and the 1941 Battle of Moscow to the participants in these events.

Background : Beginning with the new school year, the Russians plan to increase the number of so-called "Cossacks" involved in the "education process" in schools in Ukraine's temporarily-occupied territory. [The so-called "Cossacks" are employees of the private security organisation Kazachya Sotnya ("Cossack Company") in Russia’s Belgorod Oblast, which consists of "registered Cossacks" of the "Central Cossack Army", and former employees of security and law enforcement agencies – ed.].

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Watch | PM Modi in Ukraine: Will it change India’s stand on Russia conflict?

Pm modi did what many saw as a major u-turn in foreign policy - arriving in kyiv for a visit western countries have been pressing him to do since the russia-ukraine war began.

Updated - August 23, 2024 11:09 pm IST

Published - August 23, 2024 11:05 pm IST

Six weeks after his Moscow move , PM Narendra Modi arrived in Kyiv . Was the Prime Minister’s mission in Ukraine just about geopolitical balancing, or does New Delhi now essay a more ambitious role in mediating in the Russia-Ukraine war?

This week, Mr Modi did what many saw as a major U-turn in foreign policy - arriving in Kyiv for a visit Western countries have been pressing him to do since the Russia-Ukraine war began in February 2022. The visit was not just his first - it is the first visit by an Indian Prime Minister to Ukraine since its independence in 1991.

All eyes were on the optics, and the outcomes of the visit, but also on whether Mr Modi’s formulation of the war - India’s position on the war is that here are no victors on the battlefield, solutions come from dialogue and diplomacy - something Mr Modi repeated in Poland the day before the Kyiv visit, where he paid respects at World War 2 memorials, including a square named after an Indian maharajah who had sheltered about 1000 Polish children fleeing the world war.

How big was the shift implied by Modi’s Ukraine Visit? Here is how New Delhi had approached the war so far

- No criticism of Russia at the UN/Abstention on votes

- PM Modi did not accept Ukraine’s request to participate in the G20 last year

- India has not cut its trade or oil imports from Russia, in fact they grew multifold- from about 0.5% of India’s total imports to 44% this month

- India had not so far accepted Ukraine’s request to supply telecom, medical and construction equipment for help in reconstruction

- Finally, India has not been part of peace initiatives- and disassociated from June Swiss Peace summit document

So, the question. Why did PM Modi go to Kyiv now?

- In order to preserve a balanced approach to the conflict in Ukraine, after his visit to Moscow

- The visit will blunt sharp criticism from the US of the Moscow visit, and “disappointment” from Zelenskyy over Modi’s embrace of Putin- although the MEA denied the visit to Kyiv came due to pressure from the US

- With the War progressing for two and half years now- and Russia continuing to occupy Ukrainian territory- Ukraine has opened a new front in the Russian oblast of Kursk- it is clear that the best case scenario is now a frozen conflict, not an outright win for either side

- Next month, Modi will be at the UN for the Summit of the Future- and New Delhi may have felt the Kyiv visit is important if India’s voice is to be heard on global conflict

- While the government has maintained India’s strategic autonomy, the fact is that India’s perceived bias in favour of Russia in the war has been bleeding into other ties with European countries- and it is hoped that the visit to Poland and Ukraine will stem that

What should we watch most closely now?

- Russia’s reaction

- India’s position on War- and whether there is any shift

- Efforts at mediation/ Peace process in November -

Supplies to Ukraine- as per Kyiv’s requests

Modi’s next visit to Russia for BRICS

Worldview take

By travelling to Kyiv at this time, PM Modi has attempted a tricky balance that was perhaps necessitated by his visit to Moscow in July. While personal travel, and face to face summits have some importance, foreign policy is built on a much longer-term pattern of actions, and it remains to be seen whether New Delhi is shifting its position on Ukraine in a broader context as well. Remember- a balanced position on the war does not indicate a balance in ties with Kyiv and Moscow- as India’s ties with Russia are far deeper and broader.

Reading recommendations

The Zelensky Effect By Olga Onuch and Henry E. Hale

War in Ukraine: Making Sense of a Senseless Conflict by Medea Benjamin and Nicolas J. S. Davies

Displaced: Civilians in the Russia-Ukraine War by Valery Panyushkin

Russia- Ukraine War: The Conflict and Its Global Impact by Ajay Singh

Indian Diplomacy: Beyond Strategic Autonomy Kindle Edition by Rajendra Abhyankar

India at the Global High Table The Quest for Regional Primacy and Strategic Autonomy Teresita C. Schaffer and Howard B. Schaffer

The Second Homeland: Polish Refugees in India by Anuradha Bhattacharjee

Presentation: Suhasini Haidar

Production: Shibu Narayan, Kanishkaa Balachandran

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248 Civil War Essay Topics & Examples

In case you’re looking for original Civil War research topics, you are on the right page.

📃 7 Tips for Writing Civil War Essay

☝️ 10 Best Civil War Argumentative Essay Topics

🏆 best civil war topic ideas & essay examples, 🥇 most interesting civil war topics to write about, 📑 creative civil war essay topics, 🎓 good civil war research topics, ⭐ simple & easy civil war essay titles, ✍️ civil war essay topics for college, ❓ civil war research questions.

Our team has collected a list of ideas for various assignments and complexity levels. Besides, you will find tips on writing a paper, be it for social studies course or a school project. So, get your Civil War topic to write about, and good luck!

📃 7 Tips for Writing a Civil War Essay

Every student of politics or history has to write a Civil War essay at some point. To make the process easier, we have collected the best tips on nailing the content, research, and structure! Here is how to earn an excellent mark on your paper:

Tip 1: Check the instructions carefully. You would be surprised to know how many students earn a C or less because they missed something in the instructions.

To avoid making this mistake, check all the materials provided by your tutor, including civil war essay topics, titles, and the grading rubric. Highlight the most important parts of the instructions to memorize them better.

Tip 2: Select a particular topic. Obviously, you will be focusing on the Civil War for this assignment. However, to make your paper stand out, try digging deeper and examining a specific aspect of the Civil War that interests you.

Would you be interested to evaluate how slavery impacted the Civil War? Or would you like to examine the causes and effects of this period? Pursuing your interests will aid you in adding more depth to your essay, and your tutor will certainly appreciate the effort!

Tip 3: Browse sample papers on the Civil War. Whether or not you are struggling with the first two tips, this process will be beneficial. There are plenty of resources on the Internet that you could search to find Civil War essay prompts and examples.

Reading those will aid you in defining the focus of your paper and structuring it well. Make sure to note what works well and what doesn’t in each paper you read. This way, you’ll know how to avoid making the same mistakes while writing your essay.

Tip 4: Do extensive research before you start writing. While you may have some basic information about the Civil War in your textbook, your tutor probably expects you to go beyond that and add more details.

In order to do that, you should search online resources or your institution’s library for books and articles about the Civil War. Be creative about your search! Try to examine all possible keywords and their combinations.

For instance, instead of merely typing in “civil war,” consider other search phrases, such as “civil war causes and effects,” “civil war politics,” and more. The more topics you include in your research, the more high-quality resources you will be able to find.

Tip 5: Avoid using unverified sources. While you may find a lot of useful information about the Civil War on various web pages, don’t be tempted to use them in the paper. The information contained in a blogs, non-academic website, or a civil war essay example may be unverified, false, or biased.

Don’t worry, the Internet still has a great selection of reputable articles and publications that you could rely on.

Hence, try limiting your search to peer-review journals, publications by universities, museums, or government entities, and history books. Doing so will help you to show your proficiency in secondary research while also preventing your tutor from taking away the deserved marks.

Tip 6: Structure your essay well. Each paragraph of your essay should have one central idea, and all of your statements should follow in a logical sequence.

For instance, if you are writing a paragraph on the events that led to emancipation proclamation, you should not mention the Great Depression there. Re-read each paragraph after completion to ensure that its content is relevant and there are no gaps.

Tip 7: Cite your sources correctly. Whenever you write down ideas that are not your own, include an in-text citation. Make sure to check the instructions to see which citation format is acceptable with your tutor!

If you are unfamiliar with a particular citation style, you can always search out website for formatting tips and guidelines, as well as for Civil War essay titles.

The Role of Gettysburg in the American Civil War.
Discussing the Ongoing War in Yemen.
Who Is Likely to Become Soldiers in a Civil War Today?
Syrian Civil War: Critical Events & Timeline.
International Military Intervention in Civil Wars.
Controversial Civil War Opinions.
How Abraham Lincoln Finished the US Civil War.
Political Reasons for the Russian Civil War in the 20th Century.
How Newspapers Influence the Perception of Current Civil Wars.
The Most Crucial Battles of the Spanish Civil War.
The Conclusion of The Civil War The main reason that the Confederacy succeeded from the Union was the issue of States’ rights which are guaranteed by the Constitution but were almost completely lost following the Civil War.
American History: The Civil War (1861-1865) It was a belief of Federalists that in order to ensure the union does not collapse, there was need for the federal government to hold on to power.
Why the Reconstruction After the Civil War Was a Failure The reconstruction era refers to the period following the civil war whereby the numerous different affiliations in the government intended to find a solution to the socio-economic and political problems imposed by the civil war, […]
How Was the Economy of New York Transformed by the Civil War? The economy in the post-Civil War was favored by the construction of railroads which connected the industrial cities of the northeast and the agricultural areas of the Midwest and the plains.
Impacts of English Civil War This was as a result of the growth of the colonies in terms of strength and liberty due to the authority Cromwell and the Puritans had bestowed to them which were against England’s laws3.
The American Civil War Causes and Outcomes In this deadly war, the Northern States went into battle against the Southern States for the sake of preserving the unity of the Union of States.
First Fitna: Islamic Civil War Evaluating the situation, it appears that the First Islamic Civil war led to the split in the Muslim religion caused by the effects of the Arbitration Agreement developed after the battle of Siffin.
The English Civil War: Causes, Costs and Benefits The final stage occurred in 1649 1651 and involved the Rump Legislature and the Royal leadership under King Charles the second.
The Causes of the Islamic Civil War The power was passed from father and son, and the Quraish of the Hashemites handed power to the Umayyads after the murder of Muttalib.
Underlying Causes of the Sierra Leone Civil War The unfortunate outcomes of the war, both in numbers and in the reality of the situation, raise the question of what other factors may have further contributed to the war.
The Chinese Civil War in the 20th Century The Chinese Civil War was one of the key conflicts in the 20th century and had a lasting impact on the development of the country and the lives of future generations of Chinese.
Freedom in Antebellum America: Civil War and Abolishment of Slavery The American Civil War, which led to the abolishment of slavery, was one of the most important events in the history of the United States.
Role of the Woman During the Spanish Civil War This impact of the Spanish war is even clearer by consideration of the fact that the war had the implications of making women take up the jobs that originally belonged to men in the industries […]
Causes of the Civil War: Battle on the Bay The central issue in the Civil War was the question of the spread of slavery. The growing discontent of the southerners and the abolition of slavery in the country prompted them to take extreme measures.
The Factors That Led to the Outbreak of the Yemeni Civil War Saudi Arabia borders it to the north, the Red Sea, and the Gulf of Aden to the west and south. Terror groups such as al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula and the Islamic State have […]
The Spanish Civil War in Picasso’s, Siqueiros’, Dali’s Paintings The piece conveys the horrors and losses of the event dead adults and children, a horse in agony as an important symbol in Spain, and the suffering of survivors are present here. In various ways, […]
The Post-Civil War Era in the Lives of African Americans In the post-Civil War era, African Americans faced significant barriers to homeownership, as they were often denied access to mortgages and other forms of financing.
The Role of Women in the Civil War However, the Civil War was a major turning point for women, as they were allowed into new professions and helped the front from both sides of the conflict.
The American Civil War Period The overall worth of all the farms and outbuildings in the South was equivalent to the capital invested in enslaved individuals.
The Civil War by K. Burns Film Review The Civil War is now considered one of the landmark events in the history of the United States that established the foundation for the country’s principles of equality of opportunity and democracy.
The American Civil War and Its Main Stages On the other hand, the army of the North was precisely to overthrow the power of the Confederacy, eliminate the system of slavery and seize the territories of the South under the rule of the […]
Women Who Fought in the American Civil War The generally accepted point of view is the idea of the American Civil War as a war of men. The American Civil War was one of the major armed conflicts in the history of the […]
Civil War in Shaara’s The Killer Angels and Glory Film 1 The film Glory links the Civil War to slavery, on the other hand, The Killer Angels defines the war as an event to gain control.
The American Civil War: Pro- & Anti-Slavery Forces The pro-slavery forces argued that slavery was the right thing to do, promoting abolitionists and the anti-slavery forces as terrible villains because they wanted to abolish slavery.
The Election of 1860: The Final Step to Civil War However, the presidential election of 1860 was the last spark that fuelled the flames of the Civil War. The 1860 election outcome revealed that the opposition had no hope of beating Lincoln and the Republicans […]
The Life of the US After the Civil War Such ideas were able to change in the future but speaking of the time when the events of the Civil War took place, the economy, tired of the war, was in horrible shape and needed […]
American Cities and Urbanization After the Civil War American cities’ central development and urbanization occurred in the years after the end of the Civil War. Firstly, the active development of urbanization was caused by the fact that people began to move to cities […]
African American Soldiers in the Civil War The intensity of the War led to the collisions that led to the enslavement of many black soldiers until President Lincoln had to pass a General Order 233, which barred any threat that would lead […]
Lincoln’s Views on Ending the Civil War The Emancipation Proclamation brought about by the Civil War led to important milestones in ending slavery in the US. He decided to transform from the extension of slavery to the eradication of the Peculiar Institution.
The American Civil War’s Causes and Inevitability Using the example of a deceived and suffering enslaved person, the author showed the cowardice, hypocrisy, and lies of the entire system and its defenders in particular.
Emory Upton in the Battle of Columbus in the Civil War From this point of view it is necessary to conduct a detailed analysis of his strategy, and to identify the reasons for the failure of the most significant battle in the history of the general.
A Civil War with Former Ethiopian Rulers The aim of this paper is to analyze the reasons and possible ways to end this conflict regarding the concepts of peacemaking and peacebuilding.
Civil War: Causes, Technology, and Justification The factors that contributed to the war were multi-varied and complex, mostly stemming from the fact that the Southern economy was dependent on agricultural slave labor and thus protested the federal abolition of slavery as […]
Generals of the American Civil War Ulysses Grant and Robert Lee They made major contributions to the period as military commanders Lee leading the Army of Northern Virginia and Grant commanding various forces in the Western theater and then the Army of the Potomac.
Stepping Stones to the American Civil War Due to the obvious huge enslavement, Scott and several others were compelled to migrate, and he was transferred to Missouri. Douglas sided with the original founders and their work, claiming that Lincoln was harm to […]
Kongo’s Fourteen-Year Civil War Two of the threats that are recognized as most important are disease and climate change. Considering the facts mentioned above, it is possible to suggest that humans and their actions are the major underlying issue […]
Civil War and Horton’s Review It became the bloodiest in history and led to the consolidation of the 13th amendment to the US Constitution and the abolition of slavery.
American History From Civil War to 20th Century The weakness of the federal government is regarded as the major reason behind the hardships of the nation during the post-war decades.
Social Aspect in the Attitude Towards the American Civil War The analysis of the American Civil War requires the observation of various views to understand how different scientists regard the causes, progress, and the consequences of the conflict.
Online Resources on the American Civil War Topic The website mainly publishes information about the American battlegrounds of the Civil War, the Revolutionary War and the 1812 War. Also, the website design is appealing and appears captivating to the reader, and it meets […]
A Turning Point During the Civil War True to his words, President Lincoln signed the Proclamation of Emancipation on January 1, 1863, which changed the cause of the war in favor of the Union.
Researching of Civil War Causes In addition, in the modern world, it is challenging to accept that the consequences of the war regarded the death of numerous people.
The Early Republic and the American Civil War The main reason for the rise of the first parties in the Early Republic was the establishment of the central government by the declaration of the Constitution in 1787.
The American Civil War: Key Points It was actually a civil war between the states of the United States of America. The republicans had been fighting for the stop of the expansion of slave trade that was in existence in some […]
Slaves in the Civil War and Free Blacks After It The Compromise of 1850 was a set of five bills the Congress passed to solve political confrontations between the free states and the states promoting slavery.
Brigadier-General Mosby Monroe Parsons in the Civil War As an experienced army commander who fought in the Mexican-American War, Parsons was given the command of the Sixth Division of the Missouri State Guard. Under the higher command of General Price, Parsons was involved […]
Effects of the Civil War in Western North Carolina Communities in Appalachian Mountains The political and social life of people inhabiting the western North Carolina communities in Appalachian Mountains was also considerably affected by the Civil War, and this paper focuses at the specific analysis of the Civil […]
Not Set in Stone: Ethnicity and Civil War Thus, when analyzing civil wars or other conflicts in split ethnic homelands, one should pay careful attention to the dynamics of ethnic identity rather than presume that ethnicity is non-malleable and set in stone.
American Civil War and Fiji Coups Historically, civil war and revolutions are intertwined with one following the other. However, there are substantial differences.
States’ Rights as the Main Cause of the Civil War The presentation offers an overview of the main causes of the Civil War of 1861–1865 in America. The war was the main disaster breaking up the successful history of the USA.
Abolition vs. Equality in the American Civil War The Resolution was signed by Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States who believed the annihilation of slavery and preserving the Union to be the core targets of the war.
Generals and Technological Advancements in Civil War This makes it paramount to review the approaches to the war of two major war generals such as Gant and McClellan and comment on the use of technology on and off the battlefield.
The U.S. Medicine During the Civil War: A Response to the Discussion The vast amount of the soldiers who became victims of such a treatment can be visible on the pictures of the exhibition.
Civil War Effect on Medicine and Public Health Firstly, one should mention that the Civil War reshaped the role of nurses. In conclusion, it is possible to mention that the Civil War has a controversial impact on medicine and public health.
Horace Greeley’s Significance to the U.S. Civil War Era The purpose of this paper is to describe the biography of Horace Greeley from birth to death and analyze his influence and significance to the U.S.
Divergences Between North and South as Major Causes of the American Civil War The inequalities in the labor market and in the spread of democracy are some of the initial divergences between the southern and northern states.
The Main Cause of the Civil War Texas, upon separating, has deemed the notion of abolition to be “the debasing doctrine of the equality of all men, irrespective of race and color a doctrine at war with nature, in opposition to the […]
“Prelude to the Civil War” by William Freehling: America’s Historic Legacy There is no limit to perfection; therefore, we can hardly stop the historical researches and the search of the essence and the grounds of all the historical events that humanity has been through.
Slavery, Civil War, and Abolitionist Movement in 1850-1865 They knew they were free only they had to show the colonists that they were aware of that.[1] The slaves were determined and in the unfreed state they still were in rebellion and protested all […]
Fort Sumter, South Carolina – Civil War The 1812 war spurred the need for construction of a fort to strengthen the United States military along the coast which led to construction of fort Sumter.
Individualism as an Ideal of Civil War in America Most of the Americans believe that James town is the birth place of the distinctive, secular and unique ideals of America that led to America’s freedom and prosperity.
Soldiers’ Letters From American Civil War Even before the war, the South or the confederates had wanted to secede from the Union or the United States of America.
The China Civil War: Key Aspects This civil war was mainly a conflict between the nationalists and the communists and led to the formation of the People’s Republic of China.
Civil War and Reconstruction: War Strategy and Economic Policy The War resulted in the Reconstruction of the whole economic system of the United States with the indispensable condition of slavery abolition.
Civil Rights in America From the Civil War to 1974 Energized and encouraged by the successes of the civil rights movement, activists worked to reverse the discriminatory laws restricting the influx of darker-skinned peoples into the U.S.
American Civil War: Brief Retrospective This resulted in the divide between the free territory in the North and the practice of slavery in the South, an issue which the federal authority was unable to resolve hence, creating a boundary between […]
Culture Shock: Civil War in Bosnia This can b described as the state of emotional, physical and psychological discomfort one undergoes when interacts with new culture as opposed to the old culture which comes about as a result in the change […]
The Spanish Civil War, Franco vs. Hitler, Juan Pujol, Double Agents The war ended with the conquest of the revolutionaries and the dawning of the authoritarianism led by General Francisco Franco, a fascist.
American Civil War as a Historical Topic The Southern faction’s worries of relinquishing control of the federal administration to antislavery groups, and the Northern faction’s qualms relating to the power of the slaveholding states of the south in the regime, amplified the […]
American Civil War Causes Analysis The first position was formulated by David Wilmot who opined that the Congress had the power to abolish slavery leading to the declaration of the Ordinance of 1787, also known as the Wilmot Proviso stating […]
Civil War and Strategy in Lebanon Egypt was considered to be a powerful supporter of the front which is located on the left wing in the area.
English Civil War and Glorious Revolution This war led to the introduction of the parliamentary democracy system of governance in England and the abolition of absolute power by the monarch.
Why Germany and Italy Supported Nationalists During the Spanish Civil War The Republican government won by narrow margins which lead to the emergence of the Spanish Civil war. The war also weakened the power of the countries which were considered to be superpowers.
The Civil War: The Course of Events and Reasons This paper also hypothesizes that due to the differences and political conflict between the North and the South, the Civil War erupted.
“Victims: A True Story of the Civil War” by Phillip Shaw Paludan The course of this war and the way it affected the people who suffered from it presents the main concern for the author of the book.
”Drawn With the Sword: Reflections on the American Civil War” by McPherson It also deconstructs assumptions made about the battles that took place and the consequences of the war for the United States and the world in general.
Civil War in USA: The North and the South The differences in the lifestyles and ethics of the North and the South are one of the main reasons for the start of the Civil War.
The Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939 The main reasons were the reformist and the conservatives. This was the Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right.
The Black Confederate Soldier in the Civil War The free blacks of New Orleans who created a regiment of “Native Guards” for the Louisiana armed force and the Confederate effort late in the war were to employ slaves as soldiers”.
World Cultures: Somali Civil War The Somali National Movement gained control of the north, while in the capital of Mogadishu and most of southern Somalia the United Somali Congress achieved control.
Civil War Effect on American Industrialization The “Beard-Hacker Thesis” had become the most widely accepted interpretation of the economic impact of the Civil War which believed that the impact of the war on American industrialization was profound.
Yugoslav Wars: Ethnic Conflicts and the Collapse of Power However, the collapse of the Soviet Union meant the end of this era and the start of the post-Cold War period, with its unique peculiarities of the international discourse.
Military Conflicts at the Civil War With regard to the case of humanitarian assistance to the people of Somalia, it is important to consider the factor of the effectiveness of the measures taken in terms of their impact on the domestic […]
“The Civil War” Documentary: Strengths and Weaknesses Therefore, the attention to detail and the inclusion of a vast variety of documentary items may be considered as the biggest advantage of the movie.
The Battle of Chickamauga in the American Civil War The topic that is the focus of this paper is the battle of Chickamauga and its influence on the course of the Civil War.
Civil War in Mississippi. “Free State of Jones” Film He narrates about the deportations of Mexicans from the USA in the first half of the 19th century that was organized to foster Euro-American colonization of the Texas territory. One of the differences between the […]
American History, the Civil War and Reconstruction In this context, his first inaugural address can be seen as a call for the South to avoid civil war, as opposed to a call upon the North to start one, and the second inaugural […]
Private Security Strategy in the US Since the Civil War Based on the factors provided above, it could be concluded that the modern definition of security and its purposes as defined by the consequences of the Civil War due to the presence of the accumulation […]
History of the United States Since the Civil War Basically, the student touched on entirely every aspect that was a thorn in the flesh of Americans: social, economical, and political.
Battle of Chancellorsville in American Civil War Although the Confederate Army was outnumbered two to one, General Robert Lee’s ability to devise a simple plan and accept risk by splitting his force to counterattack his opponent’s flank, resulted in the significant defeat […]
Medicine During the American Civil War The reason why the disease was prevalent among the army was partly because of the lax recruitment processes that admitted underage and overage men into the army. The most common treatment during the Civil War […]
American Industrialization, Romanticism and Civil War In the article, the Romantic Movement Romantic impulse meant the liberation of the Americans to a point of freedom regarding respect and love.
Sri Lankan Civil War as 20th-Century’s Inhumanity The 20th century is considered one of the worst centuries in human history in terms of human-made atrocities that resulted in the deaths of millions of people.
Industrial Revolution Influence on US Civil War Furthermore, both sides, the Union and the Confederacy had to mobilize their economies and engage business in the war due to their dependency on different industries and suppliers.ii The industrial revolution changed warfare by introducing […]
Reconstruction Era After American Civil War The Reconstruction Era in the US refers to the period after the Union victory in the Civil War when slaves were freed and given the opportunity to change their future.
Post-Civil War America: Political and Economic Changes The main objective of the act was to eliminate the social and cultural traditions of native residents and make them a part of an established system.
American People II: Post Civil War Era In most of the wars associated with the United States, it is evident that the ultimate objective has always been to pursue its national interests.
Civil War in the Film “Gone With the Wind” The American Civil War and Reconstruction era together had a significant impact on the entire history of the USA and a number of major changes that happened in the states of the Old South.
Industrial Revolution After the Civil War The cause of America’s industrial revolution can be attributed to the creation of the first factories in the country, its westward expansion in the territory, the rise of the railroad industry as well as the […]
Union Soldiers in the Civil War In this way, it was hoped to assure the popular support of the army, which was consistent with the decentralized nature of the country of the time.
Reconstruction After the Civil War: Enforcement Acts The analysis of the reactions to the acts adopted throughout the Reconstruction Era helps to reveal the views and societal beliefs that prevailed during that time in the country and complicated the attempts to improve […]
Illustrations After the American Civil War The underlying argument of this paper is that illustrations were used to shape the opinion of the public towards the support of the American civil war.
The American Civil War’ Issues There are a lot of reasons why the North won the Civil War and the South lost. The North had a strong merchant marine fleet and a lot of naval ships that managed to blockade […]
Poverty as a Cause of the Sudanese Civil War The connection between poverty and conflict has been analyzed in the West African region where “11 of the world’s 25 poorest countries are contained and is currently one of the most unstable regions of the […]
American Civil War in “Glory” and “Lincoln” Films The movie Glory is a biography drama film reflecting the events during the Civil War between 1861 and 1865, as well as the contribution of the Captain Robert Gould Shaw to the abolition of slavery […]
American Civil War in the “Glory” Movie Glory is a movie that depicts the story of the very first troop to fight in the Civil War for the Northern America.
Great Awakening, American Civil War, and Feminism In this regard, the anti-federalists implied that the bill of rights was not added to the original text of the constitution.
Syrian Civil War and Need for Mediation With this in mind, it is possible to say that the conflict is very tensed as a great number of countries are involved in it.
Military Technology in the American Civil War During this time, victory largely depended on the size of the army, the effectiveness of the generals to plan and execute ambush, and the morale of the military unit.
US Army’s Challenges After the American Civil War The problem was caused by the use of contaminated water, poor sanitation at the camps, and general lack of hygiene among the soldiers because of the nature of the battle.
Battle of Antietam in the American Civil War It emphasized the legitimacy of the Union forces in the country. It meant that the Union forces achieved their primary aim of going to war.
Reconstruction in the US After the Civil War It was rather hard to implement the Reconstruction, as the Congress and presidents had different views on the situation and saw different ways of reaching the goal.
American Civil War in “Classmates Divided” This article covers the story of the soldiers before, during and after the war, “the cadets were almost completely dependent on their classmates for companionship, and the friendships they formed would last a lifetime of […]
Industrialization After the American Civil War Industrialization that occurred in the USA in the 19th-20th centuries changed the face of the country. At the same time, development of business, unfair practices of entrepreneurs and various deadly accidents led to creation of […]
The Civil War’s Real Causes: McPherson’s View In his essays McPherson studies various views of the causes of the Civil War and namely the role of slavery as one of the reasons of rupture of the armed conflict.
Syrian Uprisings and Civil War Breaking out in the city of Deraa, the uprising preaching the ideals of nonviolence and social justice and democracy in Syria has evolved to spread across the territory of the country and become an organized […]
Libya Civil War Since 2011 Until Today Following the ouster of the Tunisian and Egyptian presidents, Libya reported small political revolts in some parts of the country. However, experts believe that France was at the forefront in demanding a forceful intervention of […]
American Civil War: Factors and Compromises By the end of the eighteenth century, the southern states of the country had already acquired the status of pro-slavery ones.
The Inner Civil War: The Lost Cause System The Lost Cause was a mechanism that they developed to make sense of the aftermath of the U.S. The Lost Cause grew in the soil of a Southern culture that was steeped in the admixture […]
American Civil War Issues In the following weeks after the capture, both the Union army and the Union navy worked together, gaining ground upstream till the clash that later would be named the Battle of Shilloh.
Industrialisation After the Civil War In other words, industrialisation shaped political and economic aspects in the country, as the country’s leadership was forced to allow some openness in the way public affairs were conducted.
Was the Civil War Inevitable? The Civil War in the United States continues to attract the interest of many historians who want to discuss the underlying causes of this conflict and its effects.
US Progress in Freedom, Equality and Power Since Civil War When it comes to the pursuit of freedom and ideals of democracy, progress since the Civil War can be seen in the establishment of a sufficiently capable Federal government, efficient judiciary and presidency systems with […]
American Foreign Policy on Syrian Civil War Further, it is important for business people to understand countries that actively fight cyber-crime in order to predict the success of their investment.
The Civil War in America The main origin of the civil war in America was the declaration of seven states that had split from the U.
Modern Civil War in Ukraine The event selected for this paper is the current conflict on the territory of Ukraine. The portal demonstrates how the conflict appeared and escalated, how it moved from the center, to the West, to the […]
American History: The Road to Civil War Though the Civil War occurred in the 19th century, the roadmap to the war began back in the 17th century. In 1807, the United States senate passed a law that led to the abolition of […]
How to End the Syrian Civil War? In the meantime, the war continues and innocent civilians, especially women and children continue to pay the price for the war.
Slavery and the Civil War Thus, the main impact of the Civil War was the abolition of slavery which changed the economic and social structures of the South and contributed to shifting the focus on the role of federal government.
Causes of Civil War in America The southern politicians managed to maintain the control of the federal government throughout the first half of the 19th century by assuring the southerners to defend the abolition of the slavery in those states that […]
Effect of Civil War on Economic Growth The sources will provide data about the state of Sudan before the civil war and the state of the economy after the war.
Ethnic Polarization and the Duration of Civil War The causes of civil wars can be analyzed in relation to their onsets, the duration of the wars, as well as the incidence of civil wars.
Effect of Civil War on Economic Growth: Evidence From Sudan Of greater essence in the paper is the collection of a set of data and literature that will help in linking the scale of violence and instability caused by the civil war in Sudan and […]
Post-Civil War Reconstruction in the American History Prior to the American Civil War of the 1860s, the American economy, particularly the Southern States, was driven by agricultural production.
Bosnia and Herzegovina: Civil War or Religious Conflict and the Role of Women This paper therefore, provides an historical overview of the conflict witnessed in Bosnia between the Croats, Serbs and Bosniaks, the role of women in this conflict, and an analysis of the role of both national […]
Syrian Civil War and Its Possible Ramification on Turkey’s National Security Interests Not only that, tensions between the two states have become considerably strained as Syrian rebels often utilize the border between Syria and Turkey as a staging ground for their attacks on the regime of Bashir […]
How Did Reconstruction Change the United States After the Civil War? Reconstruction can as well refer to a period in which the southern states were to be transformed with the aim of reintroducing them back to the union.
The U.S. Civil War and Its Aftermath In the aftermath of the bloody war, the South was devastated by the scorch earth policy of the North. Many of the abolitionists believe in the power of the written word to influence and open […]
Reconstructing the United States After the Civil War Basically, the rationale behind acquiring knowledge about the history of the past is because one will stand at a better position to understand the people and the societies we live in today and, hence, appreciate […]
Religious Ethnic Factions of Syrian Civil War In addition to this, Syria experienced a drought of astonishing proportions in 2008 especially in the northern regions; with effects including seventy percent of livestock and eighty percent of people living in these regions moving […]
“Reconstruction: The Second Civil War, Parts I and II”: Revealing Narratives and Lesser-Known Lives
The United States in the Aftermath of 1860-1870’s Civil War
Sierra Leone’s 1991 Civil War
Civil War and Poverty: “The Bottom Billion” by Paul Collier
The Main Impacts of the Civil War in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Blood Diamonds and Financing Civil Wars in West and Central Africa
The Political Aftermath of the Sri Lankan Civil War
The Civil War and Its Aftermath
The American Civil War as the Turning Point in American History
Gone With Wind: The Ideas of the Civil War in the Movie
The Civil War Dilemmas: Slave-Owner Relations
The American Civil War: Rules, Chronology and Turning Points
Racial Injustices and the Cost of Civil War: The African American Perspective
Ghost of Civil War Past 1850-1859
American Civil War Strategy and Leadership
The American Civil War: Causes and Aftermath
How and Why the Union Was the Civil War
Civil War in United States
What Led up to the Civil War and Could It Have Been Prevented?
Period of Civil War in the American History
Civil War in America: “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge” by Ambrose Bierce
Causes of Civil War
Civil War Paper: Valley of the Shadow
The Role That the Northern and Southern Women Played in the Civil War
Liberia: A Country Struggling From the Effects of Civil War
Racism in America After the Civil War up to 1900
Why Confederate and Union Soldiers Fought?
The United States Civil War
The Most Disastrous Civil Conflict in American History
The Aftermath of the American Civil War
Slavery, the Civil War & Reconstruction
Letters From the Civil War
Industrialization After the Civil War
Why Should the United States Intervene in the Syrian Civil War?
Why Did the English Civil War Begin?
How Did the 1975 Lebanese Civil War Start?
How Did the Civil War Affect African Americans?
Why Did North America Win the Civil War?
Which Was the Most Important Reason for the Outbreak of the English Civil War?
What Is the Role of Women During the Civil War?
What Degree Did Slavery Really Play in the Civil War?
Why Did the Bolsheviks Win the Russian Civil War?
Was the Irish Civil War a “Natural” Conclusion to Previous Years Events?
Could the South Have Won the Civil War?
Why Did the Communists Win the Chinese Civil War?
Why Was the Civil War So Long and So Bloody?
Who Caused the English Civil War?
Which Ethnicity Factors Can Explain the Escalation of an Ethnic Conflict to a Civil War?
Why Did the Communists Win the Civil War?
How Close Did Britain Come to Civil War in 1912-1914?
How Did the Constitution Set the Precedent for the Civil War?
What Are the Reasons for the Success of the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War 1918-1920?
Was Slavery the Only Cause of the Civil War?
Why Did the Reds Win the Russian Civil War?
Why Did Great Britain and France Pursue a Policy of Non-intervention During the Spanish Civil War?
Who Controlled the Mississippi River During the Civil War?
Why the American Civil War Lasted for Longer Than 90 Days?
Can the United States Justify the Civil War?
Syrian Civil War: Could It Have Been Avoided and How Vast Did the Conflict Become?
Was the English Civil War a War of Religion?
Why Did the Union North Win the Civil War?
The Problems That America Faced During the Reconstruction Period After the Civil War?
Why Could the South Not Win the Civil War?
American Revolution Topics
Cuban Revolution Ideas
World History Topics
Rwandan Genocide Research Ideas
Vietnam War Paper Topics
Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Research Topics
International Politics Questions
French Revolution Paper Topics
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248 Civil War Essay Topics & Examples
248 Civil War Essay Topics & Examples. In case you're looking for original Civil War research topics, you are on the right page. Our team has collected a list of ideas for various assignments and complexity levels. Besides, you will find tips on writing a paper, be it for social studies course or a school project.