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Bio Differences

Learn the Biological Differences

Difference Between Plants and Animals

October 10, 2018 by Rachna C 6 Comments

Plants and animals are easy to differentiate by their appearance and unique characteristics.

Plants are the only living entity that has the potential for photosynthesis. And thus they are the most precious pillar of the ecosystem. They use the naturally available raw stuff like water and carbon dioxide to prepare carbohydrates. For this reaction, the sunlight acts as an energy source that is trapped by chlorophyll.

In contrast, animals are devoid of photosynthetic ability. This is because they lack chlorophyll pigment. They rely on plants or other different organisms for nutrition.

We refer to plants as autotrophs due to their autotrophic mode of nutrition. And animals as heterotrophs because of the heterotrophic mode of nutrition.

In the following section, we will learn the primary differences between plants and animals.

Content: Plants Vs Animals

Comparison chart, what are plants, what are animals.

Key Differences

Similarities

Plants cover about 4.5 billion hectares of our earth’s surface. It is estimated that there are around 390,880 species of plants found till date, and there are more in counting.

We often refer to plants as autotrophs or producers of the environment. They are the most significant element in the running the proper functioning of the environment. This is due to their unique ability to synthesize food with naturally present inorganic matter.

The plants absorb the solar energy from the sun. And transform it into chemical energy with the process called photosynthesis. They are present at the start point of almost all kinds of chains for this exceptional quality.

The plants come under the kingdom Plantae. They are multicellular entities comprised of differential eukaryotic cells. Looking at their structure, they have a distinct root and shoot system.

Note: The study of plants is called botany. And those who study botany are called a botanist.

Cellular Characteristics of Plants

Cell wall : The plants have a cell wall that is made from cellulose. It is the outermost covering of plant cells that make it firm and rigid.
Plastids : These are the specialized organelles to store different pigments. The chloroplast that stores chlorophyll is also a plastid.
Vacuoles : Cells of plants have gigantic vacuoles. Sometimes the vacuole covers more than half of the cell’s area.
Centrosomes : The centrosomes are absent in the plant cells.

Physiological Characteristics of Plants

1. nutrition.

The plants have an autotrophic mode of nutrition.
They perform photosynthesis by using carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.
The growth of a plant is limited to the regions where the meristematic tissues lie. These tissues are generally located at the tips of the shoot and root or in the peripheral edges of the stem. This means that the entire plant body cannot grow in size.
The growth of plants is not restricted with time. They can constantly grow until they ultimately die.

3. Respiration

The plants exchange the gases for respiration through small pores called stomata.
They intake carbon dioxide while they give out oxygen.

4. Movement

The plants are fixed in the soil and cannot locomote from their places.
Some plants like algae and some hydrophytes are exceptional that float over water.

5. Digestion

They do not have the digestive system as they don’t require it.
Since they make their own food, there is no case of digesting it.

6. Food Storage

The plant stores the extra food, i.e., carbohydrates, in the form of starch.
This food might be present in any plant part like roots, stem etc.

7. Excretion

Plants secrete some harmless chemical compounds, which are generally produced as a by-product.
Some common secretions include resins, latex, rubber, gum etc.

8. Reproduction

They can reproduce via a sexual or asexual (vegetative) method.
Depending upon the level of organization, the complexity of reproduction increases.

9. Responses

The plant body lacks the responsive sense organs. Thus they deprive the fundamental skill to sense.
In contrast, they respond to external stimuli like light and touch.

Types of Plants

There are five categories of plants: Herbs, shrubs, trees, creepers and climbers.

These are the shortest plant with a small size and delicate appearance. They are so gentle that they might get uprooted easily with a sudden jerk or even fast winds. Herbs have a simple and short life cycle that completes in one or two seasons. Most of the herbs have high nutritional values with medicinal use. Example : Rosemary, grass, coriander, mint etc.

These are mediocre sized plants that are more firm and rigid. Shrubs are larger than herbs, with a height lying between 6 to 10 meters. Most of the shrubs have a woody appearance having numerous branches. Their life span varies with the respective species. Example : Basil, rose, hibiscus, lemon etc.

The trees are the largest, tallest and strongest types of plants. They have a rigid and thick structure with an enlarged body surface.

The main middle stem is hard and woody. It further splits into many big and small branches. Trees have the most complex structural organization among all the plants. Their life cycle is an elongated one that lasts for hundreds of years. Example : Apple, mango, peepal, neem, banyan etc.

4. Climbers

These are delicate plants that are unable to stand on their own. Thus they need the support to grow and carry their weight. In order to grow vertically, they climb on the external support therefore, we refer to them as climbers. Examples : Money plants, bitter guard, jasmine, peas etc.

5. Creepers

These are the most vulnerable plants that are fragile and slender stems. Alike climbers, they also cannot stand on their own. But they lack the ability to utilize the external support to stand and grow vertically. For this reason, they creep on the ground and grow horizontally. Thus, we refer to them as creepers. Examples : watermelon, sweet potatoes, pumpkin etc.

Importance of Plants

The plants serve a very critical role of producer in any ecosystem. They provide the fundamental kickstart to a food chain. All the animals either directly or indirectly rely on the plants for their survival.

They fulfil the basic needs of oxygen, food and shelter to many animals. Plants also have great medicinal value. Altogether, they are the strong foundation over which the structure of the environment is constructed.

The animals belong to the Animalia kingdom. Their level of organization varies greatly as per the type of species.

Our planet earth consists of several million different varieties of animals. They have a broad range of habitats, i.e., from aqueous to terrestrial.

The animals lack the ability to survive on their own. This is because they do not possess chlorophyll thus can’t make food with naturally available inorganic stuff. They have a heterotrophic mode of nutrition, and we refer to them as heterotrophs.

Their body is multicellular that comprise finely distinguishable eukaryotic cells. Different cells are assigned with various purposes needed for the optimal functioning of the animal body.

Cellular Characteristics of Animals

Cell wall : The animal cell is devoid of cell walls. Thus, the outermost layer of an animal cell is the cell membrane.
Plastids : These are absent in animal cells. Due to this, they lack the ability to photosynthesis.
Vacuoles : The vacuoles are either very small or completely absent.
Centrosomes : They are present in animal cells.

Physiological Characteristics of Animals

They have a heterotrophic mode of nutrition.
The animals depend either on plants or on other animals for sufficing their food requirement.
An animal’s body grows from all directions, unlike plants. Their growth is not restricted to particular regions only. Instead, all the body parts and organs grow equally in animals.
The growth of the animal body is paused with time at maturity.
The animals have well-defined respiratory mechanisms involving the nose, windpipe, lungs, bronchioles and alveoli.
They intake oxygen while giving out carbon dioxide.
Most of the animals can locomote.
Lower animals might not possess specialized locomotory organs. But they move by actions like crawling, creeping, floating, summer salting etc.
Animal intake the plants or other animals as food. Thus, there is an intense need to extract energy from the taken food.
For this reason, they have a sophisticated digestive tract.
There are few exceptions, like lower animals and parasitic animals that lack the digestive system.
The animals do not require to store a large amount of food.
Only the extra carbohydrates are stored in the form of glycogen. The body uses this glycogen in case of additional demand for energy.
Also, the adipose tissues that are present below the skin store fat.
The animals produce the waste materials like uric acid, ammonia, urea etc.
The animals can reproduce sexually as well as asexually.
Mainly the lower organisms reproduce asexually, and the higher ones can only reproduce sexually.
They have a highly efficient nervous system that produces a response to the stimulus.
Also, they bear sense organs for sensing smell, touch, sound, taste and vision.

Classification of Animals

Based on the vertebral column.

On the basis of the presence or absence of vertebral column, we can classify the animals as:

1. Invertebrates : Around 97% of the total animal count are invertebrates. These are lower animals with less developed structural organization. They lack the vertebral column.

2. Vertebrates : They are higher animals with well-defined vertebrae. Their structural organization is more advanced than that of invertebrates.

Based on the blood type

1. Homeothermal : These are warm-blooded animals. They can maintain the body temperature irrespective of the external weather conditions.

2. Poikilothermal : Animals with cold blood are poikilothermic. They cannot maintain their body temperature. And thus, the temperature of their blood rises and fall with the change in environmental conditions.

Based on the Embryo Development

1. Oviparous : Those animals that lay an egg. All the embryonic development of the embryo occurs outside the mother’s body. And when the egg hatches, a developed offspring comes out.

2. Viviparous : Here, embryonic development takes place inside the mother’s womb. A completely developed organism comes out from the mother’s body. These are often referred to as mammals.

Importance of Animals

The animals are equally significant for balancing the environment and its components. They play the part of consumers, and thus, they aid the proper functioning of the food chain. Also, they provide stability to the environment.

Animals meet our needs for many products like leather, meat, milk, eggs etc.

Key Differences Between Plants and Animals

The plants have the unique ability to photosynthesize their own food. But animals lack this mechanism and are dependent on plants or other animals for food.
Due to the ability of photosynthesis the plants are autotrophic. And as the animals cannot perform photosynthesis they are heterotrophic in nature.
Plants contain a large amount of chlorophyll that aids the process of photosynthesis. While animals don’t have chlorophyll at all.
Animals have the ability to locomote from one place to another. But the plants are stationary bodies that remain fixed in the soil.
For the storage of food, oils, excreta, etc. the plants bear large-sized vacuoles. Whereas, the vacuoles are either small or absent in animals.
The plants intake carbon dioxide and release oxygen via a stomatal opening. While the animals intake oxygen and give out carbon dioxide through nostrils.
The growth in plants is not halted with time and thus they keep on growing their entire life. In contrast, time and maturity pause the growth of an animal.
Plants respond to stimuli like touch, light etc. and are less sensitive as they lack the sense organs. Animals have the proper nervous system and sense organs. Due to this, they respond to any stimuli in a fraction of seconds.
Both of them respond to stimuli.
Being living entities both breathe, reproduce, grow.
Plant and animals try to adapt according to changes in the environment.
The basic unit of their structure is the eukaryotic cell.
Air and water are the basic need for survival.
They proper grow and develop.

In this context, we studied the ground points on which the plants differ from the animal. We can say that, after having a few characters similar, both plants and animals show a lot of variations. Another thing is that they both have a mutual relationship to maintain the ecosystem. So they are equally important and play a significant role in the environment.

More Comparisons:

Difference Between Plants and Trees
Difference Between Vascular and Non-Vascular Plants
Difference Between Chlorophyll and Chloroplast
Difference Between Creepers and Climbers Plants
Difference Between Plant Cell and Animal Cell

Reader Interactions

Junior L. Zoker says

October 22, 2019 at 9:31 pm

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October 29, 2022 at 2:36 pm

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Difference Between Plant and Animal Cells

Plant and animal cells both are eukaryotic cells , meaning they have a defined nucleus and complex structures encased within membranes (organelles). Both cell types share common cellular machinery such as a nucleus, mitochondria , endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and the Golgi apparatus. However, they also exhibit distinct structural differences that define their functions and responses to their environment. Some of these differences include the presence of cell walls and chloroplasts in plant cells, and centrioles and lysosomes in animal cells. The following article delves deep into the nuanced differences between plant and animal cells.

Why Are Plant and Animal Cells Different?

Remembering the key differences between plant and animal cells is easier when you think about the roles these cells play.

Plant cells are rigid because the stacked cells act as their skeletal system and because they store water and nutrients both for energy and to maintain their structure. Plants are photosynthetic or autotrophs , so their cells contain the necessary organelles for photosynthesis. So, plant cells have a cell wall, a large central storage vacuole, and chloroplasts.

Animals, on the other hand, are motile (can move). Movement requires flexibility, so animal cells are not rigid. While they naturally assume a round shape, but allow for changes. Because they lack a cell wall that would give the cells a fixed shape, animal cells need help making certain the chromosomes and cell contents align perfectly for mitosis and meiosis . So, they have centrioles and centrosomes. Animals are heterotrophs, meaning they get their food by eating plants or other animals. So, they lack chloroplasts. Animal cells several smaller vacuoles. Lysosomes in animal cells break down debris. Although plant cells perform this function, they do it a bit differently.

Plant vs Animal Cells: Comparing the Differences

Plant and animals cells contain somewhat different organelles, plus there are distinctions between some that they share in common:

Plant cells are encased in a rigid cell wall composed mainly of cellulose. This wall not only provides structural support but also protects the cell from mechanical damage. It has a role in preventing excessive water uptake and gives shape to the cell. Animal cells lack this rigid structure; instead, they have a more flexible cell membrane which provides for diverse shapes and facilitates movement in some cells. (Plant cells also have a cell membrane.)

Intermediate Filaments

Intermediate filaments form the cytoskeleton of many animal cells. For the most part, plant cells lack intermediate filaments because the cell wall and central vacuole keep cell contents in place. In plants cells with intermediate filaments, the structure and function differs from anima cells. In a way, plant cells have an exoskeleton, while animal cells have an endoskeleton.

Chloroplasts

One of the primary distinctions between plant and animal cells is the presence of chloroplasts and other plastids in plant cells. Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis, where light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of glucose. Containing the pigment chlorophyll, these organelles enable plants to capture light energy. Animal cells do not possess chloroplasts and rely on the intake of organic compounds for energy.

Centrioles and Centrosomes

Animal cells often contain a centrosome, which includes a pair of centrioles located near the nucleus and cylinders of microtubules. These organelles play a crucial role in cell division by helping in the formation of the spindle fibers that separate chromosomes during mitosis . Although some plant cells have structures similar to centrioles, they generally lack these organelles and have alternative mechanisms for spindle formation during cell division .

While both plant and animal cells contain vacuoles, the size, function, and number can differ significantly. In plant cells, a central vacuole often occupies up to 90% of the cell’s volume. This vacuole stores nutrients, waste products, and helps in maintaining turgor pressure. Animal cells may have several smaller vacuoles that mainly function in storage, excretion, and intracellular digestion.

Predominantly found in animal cells, lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes. These enzymes are essential for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris. Plant cells, on the other hand, have similar structures called lytic vacuoles, which serve a similar function but are structurally different.

Both plant and animal cells have ribosomes, which are the site of protein synthesis. However, the ribosomes in chloroplasts of plant cells, which are responsible for synthesizing proteins needed for photosynthesis, are more similar to those found in prokaryotic cells than the ribosomes in the cytoplasm of either plant or animal cells.

Plasmodesmata vs. Gap Junctions

Plasmodesmata are tiny channels found in plant cells that allow for communication and transport between neighboring cells. Animal cells don’t have plasmodesmata; instead, they use structures called gap junctions to facilitate intercellular communication.

Glyoxysomes

Present in plant cells, especially in the germinating seeds, glyoxysomes play a pivotal role in lipid conversion to carbohydrates. These specialized peroxisomes are absent in animal cells.

Cilia and Flagella

Cilia and flagella aid in cell motility. Mainly animal cells have these structures (but not all animal cells). So do some plant cells, too, but they are absent in higher plants.

Summary of the Difference Between Plant and Animal Cells

In conclusion, while plant and animal cells share a foundational cellular structure and machinery, the differences in their organelles and structural components are adaptations to their unique roles in nature. These differences underscore the complexity and adaptability of life at the cellular level.

Alberts, B.; Johnson, A.; et al. (2015). Molecular Biology of the Cell (6th ed.). Garland Science. ISBN 978-0815344322.
Blair, D.F.; Dutcher, S.K. (October 1992). “Flagella in prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes”. Current Opinion in Genetics & Development . 2 (5): 756–767. doi: 10.1016/S0959-437X(05)80136-4
Campbell, N.A.; Williamson, B,; Heyden, R.J. (2006). Biology: Exploring Life . Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0132508827.
Raven, J.A. (1987). “The role of vacuoles”. New Phytologist . 106 (3): 357–422. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1987.tb00149.x
Raven, P.H.; Johnson, G.B. (2002). Biology . McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN 978-0071122610.

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Cell (Biology): An Overview of Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Animal vs Plant Cells: Similarities & Differences (with Chart)

Plant and animal cells have many similarities, but they differ in several ways, too. Although there are a number of ways in which they diverge, three key features differentiate cells from the plant and animal kingdoms.

Animals lack many of the features of cell anatomy that plants possess and are required to hunt, gather or scavenge for food; find mates (in many cases) for sexual reproduction; and engage in other life-sustaining activities that plants do not perform. The differences between the two cell types are a fundamental part of what make animals and plants what they are.

TL;DR (Too Long; Didn't Read)

There are many similarities between plant and animal cells, as well as three key differences. Both kinds of cells are eukaryotic, which means that they are larger than bacteria and microbes, and their processes of cell division make use of mitosis and meiosis.

Unlike animal cells, plant cells have cell walls and organelles called chloroplasts. Plant cells also have a large central vacuole, while animal cells either have small vacuoles or none. These differences result in functional differences, such as plants' ability to get energy from the sun instead of from organic matter.

Similarities Between Plant and Animal Cells

Both plant and animal cells are eukaryotic . The highest rank of biological taxonomy is called a domain . In other words, all living organisms can be grouped into three domains:

All multicellular organisms in the five kingdoms are in the Eukarya domain, including all plants and animals. Unlike their smaller single-celled counterparts, the prokaryotes in the Archaea and Bacteria domains, eukaryotes have a nucleus enclosed by a nuclear membrane as well as other membrane-bound organelles. In addition, their processes of cell division occur via mitosis and meiosis, rather than binary fission.

Most of the similarities between plant and animal cells have to do with the many organelles they share. In addition to both having membrane-bound nuclei, organelles that exist in both plant and animal cells include:

Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus

Specialized Organelles: Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts are present in plant and algae cells, but not in animal cells (although various researchers are attempting to create “plantimals” by injecting chloroplasts into the embryonic cells of zebra fish and other species).

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which is important for photosynthesis. Plants use photosynthesis to derive energy from sunlight. Plants are called autotrophs because they produce their own food from sunlight. Animals and other heterotrophs rely on organic matter to survive.

Chloroplasts have their own DNA and are very similar to prokaryotic bacteria; scientists believe that 1.5 billion years ago, chloroplasts may have been prokaryotic bacteria, living inside of algae. This is known as an endosymbiotic relationship. Over time, the prokaryotes became chloroplasts within the eukaryotic cells, and these cells gave rise to many species of algae and later, to plants.

Organelles: Vacuoles

A vacuole is another organelle. Plant cells tend to have one large central vacuole, but animal cells either have a scatter of small vacuoles or none. The vacuole is a large, membrane-bound sac that serves numerous functions, especially to provide storage of certain substances.

This organelle is vital to plants for a few reasons. Notably, the vacuole stores sugars to increase the flow of water into the cell by osmosis, increasing the turgor pressure in the plant cell. Greater turgor pressure means it is more rigid, which helps the plant to hold its structure.

Vacuoles are also able to store nutritious substances to save for later, or waste chemicals that the plant needs to excrete but is unable to. Vacuoles can even store toxins for self-defense against herbivores.

The Cell Wall

Plant cells do not move; they become fixed in place with cell walls, which are composed of many substances, particularly cellulose. Unlike plant cells, animal cells only have a plasma membrane, and no cell wall.

One benefit of cell walls has to do with the increased turgor pressure caused by vacuoles. Without cell walls, plant cells would continue to absorb water by osmosis until they burst, but the rigid cell walls place a limit on how much water can be absorbed.

Cell walls also provide cell structure and rigidity to the plant as a whole. This kind of rigidity would prevent animals from moving sufficiently. The cell wall also uses chemicals in its various layers to protect the cell from attacks, and to signal other cells to launch a defense.

Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells

The differences between plant and animal cells cannot the naked eye. However, the impacts of these differences on the morphology (form and features) of plants and animals is noticeable. Without chloroplasts, a cell wall and a central vacuole, animals cells are able to do certain things that plant cells cannot, and vice versa.

As connected units, such as body tissue, animal cells are able to allow for more fluid movement than plant cells, which are stiffly attached to their neighbors by cell walls. As individual units, animal cells are also able to move freely about the organism when necessary, or switch roles to specialize in another task. Plant cells are less able to do this because of the plant cell walls keeping them in place.

What plant cells (and plants) lose in physical freedom from cell walls and central vacuoles, they gain in self-reliance and security. Cell walls, central vacuoles and chloroplasts all contribute to plant cells' autotrophism, which frees them from reliance on the need for organic matter for nutrition. Plants do not need to scavenge, hunt or or forage for food. While animals battle for resources and engage in sexual reproduction, plants stay rooted and grow toward the sun.

Is algae a decomposer, a scavenger or a producer, do plant cells have flagella, difference between bacterial & plant cell wall, how to compare the cells of plants, animals & unicellular..., what are the three main differences between a plant..., the structure that surrounds the cytoplasm in a bacterial..., differences between protista & monera, the importance of plant cells, in what type of habitat would you find a protist, characteristics of plants & animals, cell characteristics, organelles found in both plant & bacterial cells, where is starch stored in plant cells, what are the characteristics of the protista kingdom, facts about the pitcher plant, what role do decomposers play in a food chain, lithium ion batteries vs. nicad batteries, how have plants adapted to the coral reef to survive.

Western Oregon University: Chapter 1 – Introduction to Biological Systems
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: Animal Cells
Arizona State University: Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
Arizona State University: The Story of Chlorophyll and Chloroplasts

About the Author

Rebecca E. received a degree in human development before attending graduate school in writing. She has an extensive background in cognition and behavior research, particularly the neurological bases for personality traits and psychological illness. As a freelance writer, her specialty is science and medical writing. She's written for Autostraddle, The Griffith Review and The Sycamore Review.

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Compare/Contrast Essay

Writing for success: compare/contrast, learning objectives.

This section will help you determine the purpose and structure of comparison/contrast in writing.

The Purpose of Compare/Contrast in Writing

Comparison in writing discusses elements that are similar, while contrast in writing discusses elements that are different. A compare-and-contrast essay, then, analyzes two subjects by comparing them, contrasting them, or both.

The key to a good compare-and-contrast essay is to choose two or more subjects that connect in a meaningful way. The purpose of conducting the comparison or contrast is not to state the obvious but rather to illuminate subtle differences or unexpected similarities. For example, if you wanted to focus on contrasting two subjects you would not pick apples and oranges; rather, you might choose to compare and contrast two types of oranges or two types of apples to highlight subtle differences. For example, Red Delicious apples are sweet, while Granny Smiths are tart and acidic. Drawing distinctions between elements in a similar category will increase the audience’s understanding of that category, which is the purpose of the compare-and-contrast essay.

Similarly, to focus on comparison, choose two subjects that seem at first to be unrelated. For a comparison essay, you likely would not choose two apples or two oranges because they share so many of the same properties already. Rather, you might try to compare how apples and oranges are quite similar. The more divergent the two subjects initially seem, the more interesting a comparison essay will be.

The Structure of a Compare/Contrast Essay

The compare-and-contrast essay starts with a thesis that clearly states the two subjects that are to be compared, contrasted, or both and the reason for doing so. The thesis could lean more toward comparing, contrasting, or both. Remember, the point of comparing and contrasting is to provide useful knowledge to the reader. Take the following thesis as an example that leans more toward contrasting:

Thesis Statement: Organic vegetables may cost more than those that are conventionally grown, but when put to the test, they are definitely worth every extra penny.

Here the thesis sets up the two subjects to be compared and contrasted (organic versus conventional vegetables), and it makes a claim about the results that might prove useful to the reader.

You may organize compare-and-contrast essays in one of the following two ways:

According to the subjects themselves, discussing one then the other
According to individual points, discussing each subject in relation to each point

The organizational structure you choose depends on the nature of the topic, your purpose, and your audience.

Given that compare-and-contrast essays analyze the relationship between two subjects, it is helpful to have some phrases on hand that will cue the reader to such analysis.

Phrases of Comparison and Contrast

Writing an Compare/Contrast Essay

First choose whether you want to compare seemingly disparate subjects, contrast seemingly similar subjects, or compare and contrast subjects. Once you have decided on a topic, introduce it with an engaging opening paragraph. Your thesis should come at the end of the introduction, and it should establish the subjects you will compare, contrast, or both as well as state what can be learned from doing so.

The body of the essay can be organized in one of two ways: by subject or by individual points. The organizing strategy that you choose will depend on, as always, your audience and your purpose. You may also consider your particular approach to the subjects as well as the nature of the subjects themselves; some subjects might better lend themselves to one structure or the other. Make sure to use comparison and contrast phrases to cue the reader to the ways in which you are analyzing the relationship between the subjects.

After you finish analyzing the subjects, write a conclusion that summarizes the main points of the essay and reinforces your thesis.

Compare/Contrast Essay Example

Comparing and Contrasting London and Washington, DC

By Scott McLean in Writing for Success

Both Washington, DC, and London are capital cities of English-speaking countries, and yet they offer vastly different experiences to their residents and visitors. Comparing and contrasting the two cities based on their history, their culture, and their residents show how different and similar the two are.

Both cities are rich in world and national history, though they developed on very different time lines. London, for example, has a history that dates back over two thousand years. It was part of the Roman Empire and known by the similar name, Londinium. It was not only one of the northernmost points of the Roman Empire but also the epicenter of the British Empire where it held significant global influence from the early sixteenth century on through the early twentieth century. Washington, DC, on the other hand, has only formally existed since the late eighteenth century. Though Native Americans inhabited the land several thousand years earlier, and settlers inhabited the land as early as the sixteenth century, the city did not become the capital of the United States until the 1790s. From that point onward to today, however, Washington, DC, has increasingly maintained significant global influence. Even though both cities have different histories, they have both held, and continue to hold, significant social influence in the economic and cultural global spheres.

Both Washington, DC, and London offer a wide array of museums that harbor many of the world’s most prized treasures. While Washington, DC, has the National Gallery of Art and several other Smithsonian galleries, London’s art scene and galleries have a definite edge in this category. From the Tate Modern to the British National Gallery, London’s art ranks among the world’s best. This difference and advantage has much to do with London and Britain’s historical depth compared to that of the United States. London has a much richer past than Washington, DC, and consequently has a lot more material to pull from when arranging its collections. Both cities have thriving theater districts, but again, London wins this comparison, too, both in quantity and quality of theater choices. With regard to other cultural places like restaurants, pubs, and bars, both cities are very comparable. Both have a wide selection of expensive, elegant restaurants as well as a similar amount of global and national chains. While London may be better known for its pubs and taste in beer, DC offers a different bar-going experience. With clubs and pubs that tend to stay open later than their British counterparts, the DC night life tend to be less reserved overall.

Both cities also share and differ in cultural diversity and cost of living. Both cities share a very expensive cost of living—both in terms of housing and shopping. A downtown one-bedroom apartment in DC can easily cost $1,800 per month, and a similar “flat” in London may double that amount. These high costs create socioeconomic disparity among the residents. Although both cities’ residents are predominantly wealthy, both have a significantly large population of poor and homeless. Perhaps the most significant difference between the resident demographics is the racial makeup. Washington, DC, is a “minority majority” city, which means the majority of its citizens are races other than white. In 2009, according to the US Census, 55 percent of DC residents were classified as “Black or African American” and 35 percent of its residents were classified as “white.” London, by contrast, has very few minorities—in 2006, 70 percent of its population was “white,” while only 10 percent was “black.” The racial demographic differences between the cities is drastic.

Even though Washington, DC, and London are major capital cities of English-speaking countries in the Western world, they have many differences along with their similarities. They have vastly different histories, art cultures, and racial demographics, but they remain similar in their cost of living and socioeconomic disparity.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

A compare-and-contrast essay analyzes two subjects by either comparing them, contrasting them, or both.
The purpose of writing a comparison or contrast essay is not to state the obvious but rather to illuminate subtle differences or unexpected similarities between two subjects.
The thesis should clearly state the subjects that are to be compared, contrasted, or both, and it should state what is to be learned from doing so.
There are two main organizing strategies for compare-and-contrast essays.
Organize by the subjects themselves, one then the other.
Organize by individual points, in which you discuss each subject in relation to each point.
Use phrases of comparison or phrases of contrast to signal to readers how exactly the two subjects are being analyzed.
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Comparing and Contrasting London and Washington, DC. Authored by : Scott McLean. Located at : http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/successful-writing/s14-07-comparison-and-contrast.html . License : CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike

A Brief Discussion of Animal and Plant Cells Essay

In a layman’s language, cells can be described as the essential structural and functional units of both animals and plants. Most cells found in animals and plants cannot be observed with the naked eye. However, with the invention of microscopes, animal and plant cells can be easily viewed and studied. Cells are the most minuscule units of a living organism capable of surviving independently. But it should be noted that not all cells are capable of living independently as some must combine to form tissues, which then works in dependence to each other to form organs. (MedicineNet.Com para. 1).

These organs combine with other organs to form systems. It is these systems that work together to form the living organisms. Cells act as small reservoirs of fundamental chemicals and water enfolded in a membrane. It is thought that the human body contains close to 100 trillion individual cells.

The importance of cells in all living organisms can never be underestimated. Individual cells have the capacity to specialize in different vital areas that keeps both animals and plants alive. Some cells are charged with the responsibility of getting and synthesising essential materials such as oxygen, food and water, while other cells combine to form tissues and body organs charged with the responsibility of digesting food, assisting in respiration and removing waste.

In plants, important cells such as the parenchyma cells help to store materials and support the process of photosynthesis (Teacher’s Domain para 4). Cells found in the leaves of most plants fundamentally assist the plant to absorb the necessary light and regulate gas exchange.

Animal and plant cells have strikingly similar characteristics and some noted differences. Both plant and animal cells have a nucleus, enclosed within the cell’s structure (WiseGEEK para 2). The nucleus contains the cell’s genetic information, otherwise known as DNA. Also, animal and plant cells have similar organelles that float in the watery or gel-like region between the cell membrane and the nucleus. In scientific terms, this gel-like region is known as the cytoplasm (Teacher’s Domain para. 2).

Another similar characteristic is that both cells have well formulated mitochodria and ribosomes. In both cells, the fundamental function of the mitochodria is to generate energy through aerobic respiration, while the ribosomes are chiefly entrusted with the function of synthesizing proteins. The Golgi bodies found in both animal and plant cells are responsible for transforming proteins into more complex molecules.

One of the fundamental differences between the two pairs of cells is that the plants’ cell walls are mainly made up of cellulose while the walls of animal cells are made up of a permeable membrane (WiseGEEK para. 3). The rather hardened cell wall found in plant cells functions to tolerate high pressure to build inside the cell without a chance of bursting. This is an important characteristic as the plant cell must have the capacity to accept large volumes of liquid through a process known as osmosis.

An animal cell lacks this type of cell wall, and will eventually burst if it is filled with large volumes of liquid. Another difference is that plant cells have chloroplasts, which they utilize to convert sunlight into the much needed food through the process of photosynthesis (Keagan para. 1-2). Also, plant cells contains an elongated vacuole, which resides in the cell’s cytoplasm and contains waste elements, water, and key nutrients that can be utilized or secreted as deemed necessary.

There exist many similarities and variations between the animal cells and plant cells. The functions of many of the elements found within the cells may also vary in nature and the extent of their importance. But one thing is clear; both animals and plants can never exist without these microscopic components known as cells. Indeed, their importance supersedes every fundamental organ or system found in the organism since they are the ones entrusted with the responsibility of making the organs and systems to function as desired.

Works Cited

Keagan, A. Plant Cells. (n.d.). Web.

MedicineNet. Definition of Cell. 2009. Web.

Teacher’s Domain. Animal and Plant Cell. Web.

WiseGEEK. What are some Differences between Plants and Animal Cells? Web.

Chemical Evidence for a Prokaryotic Origin of Subcellular Organelles
Insect Evolution
Eukaryotes: Infections in Travelers and Migrants
Recent Advances in Artificial Photosynthesis
The Photosynthesis Rate of Waterweed
Protein Functional Site and Surface Matching
The Close Symbiotic Proximity of Omphalea and Chrysiridia
Canary Pine Distribution in the Area of the West Coast of Africa
Biogeography: Kary Mullis’ Development
The Study of the Southern Hemisphere
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5 Compare and Contrast Essay Examples (Full Text)

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A compare and contrast essay selects two or more items that are critically analyzed to demonstrate their differences and similarities. Here is a template for you that provides the general structure:

A range of example essays is presented below.

Compare and Contrast Essay Examples

#1 jean piaget vs lev vygotsky essay.

1480 Words | 5 Pages | 10 References

(Level: University Undergraduate)

Thesis Statement: “This essay will critically examine and compare the developmental theories of Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky, focusing on their differing views on cognitive development in children and their influence on educational psychology, through an exploration of key concepts such as the role of culture and environment, scaffolding, equilibration, and their overall implications for educational practices..”

#2 Democracy vs Authoritarianism Essay

Thesis Statement: “The thesis of this analysis is that, despite the efficiency and control offered by authoritarian regimes, democratic systems, with their emphasis on individual freedoms, participatory governance, and social welfare, present a more balanced and ethically sound approach to governance, better aligned with the ideals of a just and progressive society.”

#3 Apples vs Oranges Essay

1190 Words | 5 Pages | 0 References

(Level: 4th Grade, 5th Grade, 6th Grade)

Thesis Statement: “While apples and oranges are both popular and nutritious fruits, they differ significantly in their taste profiles, nutritional benefits, cultural symbolism, and culinary applications.”

#4 Nature vs Nurture Essay

1525 Words | 5 Pages | 11 References

(Level: High School and College)

Thesis Statement: “The purpose of this essay is to examine and elucidate the complex and interconnected roles of genetic inheritance (nature) and environmental influences (nurture) in shaping human development across various domains such as physical traits, personality, behavior, intelligence, and abilities.”

#5 Dogs vs Cats Essay

1095 Words | 5 Pages | 7 Bibliographic Sources

(Level: 6th Grade, 7th Grade, 8th Grade)

Thesis Statement: “This essay explores the distinctive characteristics, emotional connections, and lifestyle considerations associated with owning dogs and cats, aiming to illuminate the unique joys and benefits each pet brings to their human companions.”

How to Write a Compare and Contrast Essay

I’ve recorded a full video for you on how to write a compare and contrast essay:

Get the Compare and Contrast Templates with AI Prompts Here

In the video, I outline the steps to writing your essay. Here they are explained below:

1. Essay Planning

First, I recommend using my compare and contrast worksheet, which acts like a Venn Diagram, walking you through the steps of comparing the similarities and differences of the concepts or items you’re comparing.

I recommend selecting 3-5 features that can be compared, as shown in the worksheet:

Grab the Worksheet as Part of the Compare and Contrast Essay Writing Pack

2. Writing the Essay

Once you’ve completed the worksheet, you’re ready to start writing. Go systematically through each feature you are comparing and discuss the similarities and differences, then make an evaluative statement after showing your depth of knowledge:

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How to Write a Compare and Contrast Thesis Statement

Compare and contrast thesis statements can either:

Remain neutral in an expository tone.
Prosecute an argument about which of the items you’re comparing is overall best.

To write an argumentative thesis statement for a compare and contrast essay, try this AI Prompts:

💡 AI Prompt to Generate Ideas I am writing a compare and contrast essay that compares [Concept 1] and [Concept2]. Give me 5 potential single-sentence thesis statements that pass a reasonable judgement.

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34 Compelling Compare and Contrast Essay Examples

Topics cover education, technology, pop culture, sports, animals, and more.

write a compare and contrast essay on plants and animals

Do your writers need some inspiration? If you’re teaching students to write a compare and contrast essay, a strong example is an invaluable tool. This round-up of our favorite compare and contrast essays covers a range of topics and grade levels, so no matter your students’ interests or ages, you’ll always have a helpful example to share. You’ll find links to full essays about education, technology, pop culture, sports, animals, and more. (Need compare-and-contrast essay topic ideas? Check out our big list of compare and contrast essay topics! )

What is a compare and contrast essay?

Education and parenting essays
Technology essays
Pop culture essays
Historical and political essays
Sports essays
Lifestyle essays
Healthcare essays
Animal essays

When choosing a compare and contrast essay example to include on this list, we considered the structure. A strong compare and contrast essay begins with an introductory paragraph that includes background context and a strong thesis. Next, the body includes paragraphs that explore the similarities and differences. Finally, a concluding paragraph restates the thesis, draws any necessary inferences, and asks any remaining questions.

A compare and contrast essay example can be an opinion piece comparing two things and making a conclusion about which is better. For example, “Is Tom Brady really the GOAT?” It can also help consumers decide which product is better suited to them. Should you keep your subscription to Hulu or Netflix? Should you stick with Apple or explore Android? Here’s our list of compare and contrast essay samples categorized by subject.

Education and Parenting Compare and Contrast Essay Examples

Private school vs. public school.

Sample lines: “Deciding whether to send a child to public or private school can be a tough choice for parents. … Data on whether public or private education is better can be challenging to find and difficult to understand, and the cost of private school can be daunting. … According to the most recent data from the National Center for Education Statistics, public schools still attract far more students than private schools, with 50.7 million students attending public school as of 2018. Private school enrollment in the fall of 2017 was 5.7 million students, a number that is down from 6 million in 1999.”

Read the full essay: Private School vs. Public School at U.S. News and World Report

Homeschool vs. Public School: How Home Schooling Will Change Public Education

Sample lines: “Home schooling, not a present threat to public education, is nonetheless one of the forces that will change it. If the high estimates of the number of children in home schools (1.2 million) is correct, then the home-schooling universe is larger than the New York City public school system and roughly the size of the Los Angeles and Chicago public school systems combined. … Critics charge that three things are wrong with home schooling: harm to students academically; harm to society by producing students who are ill-prepared to function as democratic citizens and participants in a modern economy; and harm to public education, making it more difficult for other parents to educate their children. … It is time to ask whether home schooling, charters, and vouchers should be considered parts of a broad repertoire of methods that we as a society use to educate our children.”

Read the full essay: Homeschool vs. Public School: How Home Schooling Will Change Public Education at Brookings

Which parenting style is right for you?

Sample lines: “The three main types of parenting are on a type of ‘sliding scale’ of parenting, with permissive parenting as the least strict type of parenting. Permissive parenting typically has very few rules, while authoritarian parenting is thought of as a very strict, rule-driven type of parenting.”

Read the full essay: What Is Authoritative Parenting? at Healthline ADVERTISEMENT

Masked Education? The Benefits and Burdens of Wearing Face Masks in Schools During the Pandemic

Sample lines: “Face masks can prevent the spread of the virus SARS-CoV-2. … However, covering the lower half of the face reduces the ability to communicate. Positive emotions become less recognizable, and negative emotions are amplified. Emotional mimicry, contagion, and emotionality in general are reduced and (thereby) bonding between teachers and learners, group cohesion, and learning—of which emotions are a major driver. The benefits and burdens of face masks in schools should be seriously considered and made obvious and clear to teachers and students.”

Read the full essay: Masked Education? The Benefits and Burdens of Wearing Face Masks in Schools During the Pandemic at National Library of Medicine

To Ban or Not: What Should We Really Make of Book Bans?

Sample lines: “In recent years, book bans have soared in schools, reaching an all-time high in fall 2022. … The challenge of balancing parent concerns about ‘age appropriateness’ against the imperative of preparing students to be informed citizens is still on the minds of many educators today. … Such curricular decision-making should be left to the professionals, argues English/language arts instructional specialist Miriam Plotinsky. ‘Examining texts for their appropriateness is not a job that noneducators are trained to do,’ she wrote last year, as the national debate over censorship resurged with the news that a Tennessee district banned the graphic novel Maus just days before Holocaust Remembrance Day.”

Read the full essay: To Ban or Not: What Should We Really Make of Book Bans? at Education Week

Technology Compare and Contrast Essay Examples

Netflix vs. hulu 2023: which is the best streaming service.

Sample lines: “Netflix fans will point to its high-quality originals, including The Witcher , Stranger Things , Emily in Paris , Ozark , and more, as well as a wide variety of documentaries like Cheer , The Last Dance , My Octopus Teacher , and many others. It also boasts a much larger subscription base, with more than 222 million subscribers compared to Hulu’s 44 million. Hulu, on the other hand, offers a variety of extras such as HBO and Showtime—content that’s unavailable on Netflix. Its price tag is also cheaper than the competition, with its $7/mo. starting price, which is a bit more palatable than Netflix’s $10/mo. starting price.”

Read the full essay: Netflix vs. Hulu 2023: Which is the best streaming service? at TV Guide

Kindle vs. Hardcover: Which is easier on the eyes?

Sample lines: “In the past, we would have to drag around heavy books if we were really into reading. Now, we can have all of those books, and many more, stored in one handy little device that can easily be stuffed into a backpack, purse, etc. … Many of us still prefer to hold an actual book in our hands. … But, whether you use a Kindle or prefer hardcover books or paperbacks, the main thing is that you enjoy reading. A story in a book or on a Kindle device can open up new worlds, take you to fantasy worlds, educate you, entertain you, and so much more.”

Read the full essay: Kindle vs. Hardcover: Which is easier on the eyes? at Books in a Flash

iPhone vs. Android: Which is better for you?

Sample lines: “The iPhone vs. Android comparison is a never-ending debate on which one is best. It will likely never have a real winner, but we’re going to try and help you to find your personal pick all the same. iOS 17 and Android 14—the latest versions of the two operating systems—both offer smooth and user-friendly experiences, and several similar or identical features. But there are still important differences to be aware of. … Owning an iPhone is a simpler, more convenient experience. There’s less to think about. … Android-device ownership is a bit harder. … Yet it’s simultaneously more freeing, because it offers more choice.”

Read the full essay: iPhone vs. Android: Which is better for you? at Tom’s Guide

Cutting the cord: Is streaming or cable better for you?

Sample lines: “Cord-cutting has become a popular trend in recent years, thanks to the rise of streaming services. For those unfamiliar, cord cutting is the process of canceling your cable subscription and instead, relying on streaming platforms such as Netflix and Hulu to watch your favorite shows and movies. The primary difference is that you can select your streaming services à la carte while cable locks you in on a set number of channels through bundles. So, the big question is: should you cut the cord?”

Read the full essay: Cutting the cord: Is streaming or cable better for you? at BroadbandNow

PS5 vs. Nintendo Switch

Sample lines: “The crux of the comparison comes down to portability versus power. Being able to migrate fully fledged Nintendo games from a big screen to a portable device is a huge asset—and one that consumers have taken to, especially given the Nintendo Switch’s meteoric sales figures. … It is worth noting that many of the biggest franchises like Call of Duty, Madden, modern Resident Evil titles, newer Final Fantasy games, Grand Theft Auto, and open-world Ubisoft adventures like Assassin’s Creed will usually skip Nintendo Switch due to its lack of power. The inability to play these popular games practically guarantees that a consumer will pick up a modern system, while using the Switch as a secondary device.”

Read the full essay: PS5 vs. Nintendo Switch at Digital Trends

What is the difference between Facebook and Instagram?

Sample lines: “Have you ever wondered what is the difference between Facebook and Instagram? Instagram and Facebook are by far the most popular social media channels used by digital marketers. Not to mention that they’re also the biggest platforms used by internet users worldwide. So, today we’ll look into the differences and similarities between these two platforms to help you figure out which one is the best fit for your business.”

Read the full essay: What is the difference between Facebook and Instagram? at SocialBee

Digital vs. Analog Watches—What’s the Difference?

Sample lines: “In short, digital watches use an LCD or LED screen to display the time. Whereas, an analog watch features three hands to denote the hour, minutes, and seconds. With the advancement in watch technology and research, both analog and digital watches have received significant improvements over the years. Especially in terms of design, endurance, and accompanying features. … At the end of the day, whether you go analog or digital, it’s a personal preference to make based on your style, needs, functions, and budget.”

Read the full essay: Digital vs. Analog Watches—What’s the Difference? at Watch Ranker

AI Art vs. Human Art: A Side-by-Side Analysis

Sample lines: “Art has always been a reflection of human creativity, emotion, and cultural expression. However, with the rise of artificial intelligence (AI), a new form of artistic creation has emerged, blurring the lines between what is created by human hands and what is generated by algorithms. … Despite the excitement surrounding AI Art, it also raises complex ethical, legal, and artistic questions that have sparked debates about the definition of art, the role of the artist, and the future of art production. … Regardless of whether AI Art is considered ‘true’ art, it is crucial to embrace and explore the vast possibilities and potential it brings to the table. The transformative influence of AI art on the art world is still unfolding, and only time will reveal its true extent.”

Read the full essay: AI Art vs. Human Art: A Side-by-Side Analysis at Raul Lara

Pop Culture Compare and Contrast Essay Examples

Christina aguilera vs. britney spears.

Sample lines: “Britney Spears vs. Christina Aguilera was the Coke vs. Pepsi of 1999 — no, really, Christina repped Coke and Britney shilled for Pepsi. The two teen idols released debut albums seven months apart before the turn of the century, with Britney’s becoming a standard-bearer for bubblegum pop and Aguilera’s taking an R&B bent to show off her range. … It’s clear that Spears and Aguilera took extremely divergent paths following their simultaneous breakout successes.”

Read the full essay: Christina Aguilera vs. Britney Spears at The Ringer

Harry Styles vs. Ed Sheeran

Sample lines: “The world heard our fantasies and delivered us two titans simultaneously—we have been blessed with Ed Sheeran and Harry Styles. Our cup runneth over; our bounty is immeasurable. More remarkable still is the fact that both have released albums almost at the same time: Ed’s third, Divide , was released in March and broke the record for one-day Spotify streams, while Harry’s frenziedly anticipated debut solo, called Harry Styles , was released yesterday.”

Read the full essay: Harry Styles versus Ed Sheeran at Belfast Telegraph

The Grinch: Three Versions Compared

Sample lines: “Based on the original story of the same name, this movie takes a completely different direction by choosing to break away from the cartoony form that Seuss had established by filming the movie in a live-action form. Whoville is preparing for Christmas while the Grinch looks down upon their celebrations in disgust. Like the previous film, The Grinch hatches a plan to ruin Christmas for the Who’s. … Like in the original Grinch, he disguises himself as Santa Claus, and makes his dog, Max, into a reindeer. He then takes all of the presents from the children and households. … Cole’s favorite is the 2000 edition, while Alex has only seen the original. Tell us which one is your favorite.”

Read the full essay: The Grinch: Three Versions Compared at Wooster School

Historical and Political Compare and Contrast Essay Examples

Malcolm x vs. martin luther king jr.: comparison between two great leaders’ ideologies .

Sample lines: “Although they were fighting for civil rights at the same time, their ideology and way of fighting were completely distinctive. This can be for a plethora of reasons: background, upbringing, the system of thought, and vision. But keep in mind, they devoted their whole life to the same prospect. … Through boycotts and marches, [King] hoped to end racial segregation. He felt that the abolition of segregation would improve the likelihood of integration. Malcolm X, on the other hand, spearheaded a movement for black empowerment.”

Read the full essay: Malcolm X vs. Martin Luther King Jr.: Comparison Between Two Great Leaders’ Ideologies at Melaninful

Contrast Between Obama and Trump Has Become Clear

Sample lines: “The contrast is even clearer when we look to the future. Trump promises more tax cuts, more military spending, more deficits and deeper cuts in programs for the vulnerable. He plans to nominate a coal lobbyist to head the Environmental Protection Agency. … Obama says America must move forward, and he praises progressive Democrats for advocating Medicare for all. … With Obama and then Trump, Americans have elected two diametrically opposed leaders leading into two very different directions.”

Read the full essay: Contrast Between Obama and Trump Has Become Clear at Chicago Sun-Times

Sports Compare and Contrast Essay Examples

Lebron james vs. kobe bryant: a complete comparison.

Sample lines: “LeBron James has achieved so much in his career that he is seen by many as the greatest of all time, or at least the only player worthy of being mentioned in the GOAT conversation next to Michael Jordan. Bridging the gap between Jordan and LeBron though was Kobe Bryant, who often gets left out of comparisons and GOAT conversations. … Should his name be mentioned more though? Can he compare to LeBron or is The King too far past The Black Mamba in historical rankings already?”

Read the full essay: LeBron James vs. Kobe Bryant: A Complete Comparison at Sportskeeda

NFL: Tom Brady vs. Peyton Manning Rivalry Comparison

Sample lines: “Tom Brady and Peyton Manning were largely considered the best quarterbacks in the NFL for the majority of the time they spent in the league together, with the icons having many head-to-head clashes in the regular season and on the AFC side of the NFL Playoffs. Manning was the leader of the Indianapolis Colts of the AFC South. … Brady spent his career as the QB of the AFC East’s New England Patriots, before taking his talents to Tampa Bay. … The reality is that winning is the most important aspect of any career, and Brady won more head-to-head matchups than Manning did.”

Read the full essay: NFL: Tom Brady vs. Peyton Manning Rivalry Comparison at Sportskeeda

The Greatest NBA Franchise Ever: Boston Celtics or Los Angeles Lakers?

Sample lines: “The Celtics are universally considered as the greatest franchise in NBA history. But if you take a close look at the numbers, there isn’t really too much separation between them and their arch-rival Los Angeles Lakers. In fact, you can even make a good argument for the Lakers. … In 72 seasons played, the Boston Celtics have won a total of 3,314 games and lost 2,305 or a .590 winning mark. On the other hand, the Los Angeles Lakers have won 3,284 of 5,507 total games played or a slightly better winning record of .596. … But while the Lakers have the better winning percentage, the Celtics have the advantage over them in head-to-head competition.”

Read the full essay: The Greatest NBA Franchise Ever: Boston Celtics or Los Angeles Lakers? at Sport One

Is Soccer Better Than Football?

Sample lines: “Is soccer better than football? Soccer and football lovers have numerous reasons to support their sport of choice. Both keep the players physically fit and help to bring people together for an exciting cause. However, soccer has drawn more numbers globally due to its popularity in more countries.”

Read the full essay: Is Soccer Better Than Football? at Sports Brief

Lifestyle Choices Compare and Contrast Essay Examples

Mobile home vs. tiny house: similarities, differences, pros & cons.

Sample lines: “Choosing the tiny home lifestyle enables you to spend more time with those you love. The small living space ensures quality bonding time rather than hiding away in a room or behind a computer screen. … You’ll be able to connect closer to nature and find yourself able to travel the country at any given moment. On the other hand, we have the mobile home. … They are built on a chassis with transportation in mind. … They are not built to be moved on a constant basis. … While moving the home again *is* possible, it may cost you several thousand dollars.”

Read the full essay: Mobile Home vs. Tiny House: Similarities, Differences, Pros & Cons at US Mobile Home Pros

Whole Foods vs. Walmart: The Story of Two Grocery Stores

Sample lines: “It is clear that both stores have very different stories and aims when it comes to their customers. Whole Foods looks to provide organic, healthy, exotic, and niche products for an audience with a very particular taste. … Walmart, on the other hand, looks to provide the best deals, every possible product, and every big brand for a broader audience. … Moreover, they look to make buying affordable and accessible, and focus on the capitalist nature of buying.”

Read the full essay: Whole Foods vs. Walmart: The Story of Two Grocery Stores at The Archaeology of Us

Artificial Grass vs. Turf: The Real Differences Revealed

Sample lines: “The key difference between artificial grass and turf is their intended use. Artificial turf is largely intended to be used for sports, so it is shorter and tougher. On the other hand, artificial grass is generally longer, softer and more suited to landscaping purposes. Most homeowners would opt for artificial grass as a replacement for a lawn, for example. Some people actually prefer playing sports on artificial grass, too … artificial grass is often softer and more bouncy, giving it a feel similar to playing on a grassy lawn. … At the end of the day, which one you will choose will depend on your specific household and needs.”

Read the full essay: Artificial Grass vs. Turf: The Real Differences Revealed at Almost Grass

Minimalism vs. Maximalism: Differences, Similarities, and Use Cases

Sample lines: “Maximalists love shopping, especially finding unique pieces. They see it as a hobby—even a skill—and a way to express their personality. Minimalists don’t like shopping and see it as a waste of time and money. They’d instead use those resources to create memorable experiences. Maximalists desire one-of-a-kind possessions. Minimalists are happy with duplicates—for example, personal uniforms. … Minimalism and maximalism are about being intentional with your life and belongings. It’s about making choices based on what’s important to you.”

Read the full essay: Minimalism vs. Maximalism: Differences, Similarities, and Use Cases at Minimalist Vegan

Vegetarian vs. Meat Eating: Is It Better To Be a Vegetarian?

Sample lines: “You’ve heard buzz over the years that following a vegetarian diet is better for your health, and you’ve probably read a few magazine articles featuring a celeb or two who swore off meat and animal products and ‘magically’ lost weight. So does ditching meat automatically equal weight loss? Will it really help you live longer and be healthier overall? … Vegetarians appear to have lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, lower blood pressure and lower rates of hypertension and type 2 diabetes than meat eaters. Vegetarians also tend to have a lower body mass index, lower overall cancer rates and lower risk of chronic disease. But if your vegetarian co-worker is noshing greasy veggie burgers and fries every day for lunch, is he likely to be healthier than you, who always orders the grilled salmon? Definitely not!”

Read the full essay: Vegetarian vs. Meat Eating: Is It Better To Be a Vegetarian? at WebMD

Healthcare Compare and Contrast Essay Examples

Similarities and differences between the health systems in australia & usa.

Sample lines: “Australia and the United States are two very different countries. They are far away from each other, have contrasting fauna and flora, differ immensely by population, and have vastly different healthcare systems. The United States has a population of 331 million people, compared to Australia’s population of 25.5 million people.”

Read the full essay: Similarities and Differences Between the Health Systems in Australia & USA at Georgia State University

Universal Healthcare in the United States of America: A Healthy Debate

Sample lines: “Disadvantages of universal healthcare include significant upfront costs and logistical challenges. On the other hand, universal healthcare may lead to a healthier populace, and thus, in the long-term, help to mitigate the economic costs of an unhealthy nation. In particular, substantial health disparities exist in the United States, with low socio-economic status segments of the population subject to decreased access to quality healthcare and increased risk of non-communicable chronic conditions such as obesity and type II diabetes, among other determinants of poor health.”

Read the full essay: Universal Healthcare in the United States of America: A Healthy Debate at National Library of Medicine

Pros and Cons of Physician Aid in Dying

Sample lines: “Physician aid in dying is a controversial subject raising issues central to the role of physicians. … The two most common arguments in favor of legalizing AID are respect for patient autonomy and relief of suffering. A third, related, argument is that AID is a safe medical practice, requiring a health care professional. … Although opponents of AID offer many arguments ranging from pragmatic to philosophical, we focus here on concerns that the expansion of AID might cause additional, unintended harm through suicide contagion, slippery slope, and the deaths of patients suffering from depression.”

Read the full essay: Pros and Cons of Physician Aid in Dying at National Library of Medicine

Animals Compare and Contrast Essay Examples

Compare and contrast paragraph—dogs and cats.

Sample lines: “Researchers have found that dogs have about twice the number of neurons in their cerebral cortexes than what cats have. Specifically, dogs had around 530 million neurons, whereas the domestic cat only had 250 million neurons. Moreover, dogs can be trained to learn and respond to our commands, but although your cat understands your name, and anticipates your every move, he/she may choose to ignore you.”

Read the full essay: Compare and Contrast Paragraph—Dogs and Cats at Proofwriting Guru via YouTube

Giddyup! The Differences Between Horses and Dogs

Sample lines: “Horses are prey animals with a deep herding instinct. They are highly sensitive to their environment, hyper aware, and ready to take flight if needed. Just like dogs, some horses are more confident than others, but just like dogs, all need a confident handler to teach them what to do. Some horses are highly reactive and can be spooked by the smallest things, as are dogs. … Another distinction between horses and dogs … was that while dogs have been domesticated , horses have been tamed. … Both species have influenced our culture more than any other species on the planet.”

Read the full essay: Giddyup! The Differences Between Horses and Dogs at Positively Victoria Stilwell

Exotic, Domesticated, and Wild Pets

Sample lines: “Although the words ‘exotic’ and ‘wild’ are frequently used interchangeably, many people do not fully understand how these categories differ when it comes to pets. ‘A wild animal is an indigenous, non-domesticated animal, meaning that it is native to the country where you are located,’ Blue-McLendon explained. ‘For Texans, white-tailed deer, pronghorn sheep, raccoons, skunks, and bighorn sheep are wild animals … an exotic animal is one that is wild but is from a different continent than where you live.’ For example, a hedgehog in Texas would be considered an exotic animal, but in the hedgehog’s native country, it would be considered wildlife.”

Read the full essay: Exotic, Domesticated, and Wild Pets at Texas A&M University

Should Zoos Be Banned? Pros & Cons of Zoos

Sample lines: “The pros and cons of zoos often come from two very different points of view. From a legal standard, animals are often treated as property. That means they have less rights than humans, so a zoo seems like a positive place to maintain a high quality of life. For others, the forced enclosure of any animal feels like an unethical decision. … Zoos provide a protected environment for endangered animals, and also help in raising awareness and funding for wildlife initiatives and research projects. … Zoos are key for research. Being able to observe and study animals is crucial if we want to contribute to help them and repair the ecosystems. … Zoos are a typical form of family entertainment, but associating leisure and fun with the contemplation of animals in captivity can send the wrong signals to our children.”

Read the full essay: Should Zoos Be Banned? Pros & Cons of Zoos at EcoCation

Do you have a favorite compare and contrast essay example? Come share in the We Are Teachers HELPLINE group on Facebook .

Plus, if you liked these compare and contrast essay examples check out intriguing compare and contrast essay topics for kids and teens ..

A good compare and contrast essay example, like the ones here, explores the similarities and differences between two or more subjects.

First day of school vs. the last day of school.

125 Intriguing Compare and Contrast Essay Topics for Kids and Teens

Android vs. iPhone? Capitalism vs. communism? Hot dog vs. taco? Continue Reading

Essay Papers Writing Online

Tips for crafting effective compare and contrast essays.

Comparing and contrasting is a common method used in academic writing to analyze the similarities and differences between two or more subjects. Whether you are a student working on an assignment or a professional writing a research paper, mastering the art of compare and contrast essays can greatly enhance your writing skills.

In this article, we will explore useful tips and provide examples to help you create compelling and well-structured compare and contrast essays. From understanding the purpose of the essay to organizing your thoughts and arguments effectively, we’ll cover key strategies to ensure your essay is clear, concise, and engaging.

Guide to Writing Successful Compare and Contrast Essays

Compare and contrast essays can be a challenging but rewarding type of academic writing. By comparing and contrasting two or more subjects, you can deepen your understanding of complex topics and improve your critical thinking skills. To help you write effective compare and contrast essays, follow these tips:

1. Choose an appropriate topic: Select two or more subjects that have some similarities and differences. This will make it easier to compare and contrast them effectively.

2. Develop a clear thesis statement: Your thesis statement should clearly state the purpose of your essay and the main points you will be comparing and contrasting.

3. Create a structure: Organize your essay in a way that makes it easy for the reader to follow. You can use a point-by-point or block structure, depending on your preference.

4. Provide evidence: Support your comparisons with evidence from the subjects you are analyzing. This could include quotes, statistics, or examples.

5. Use transitions: Transition words and phrases help to guide the reader through your essay and make it easier to follow your arguments.

6. Revise and edit: After you have written your essay, be sure to revise and edit it carefully. Check for grammar and spelling errors, as well as clarity and coherence.

By following these tips, you can write successful compare and contrast essays that impress your readers and demonstrate your understanding of the subjects you are analyzing.

Understanding the Essay Structure

When writing a compare and contrast essay, it is crucial to follow a clear structure to ensure that your arguments are presented effectively. The basic structure of this type of essay typically includes an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.

Introduction: This section provides an overview of the topics being compared and contrasted. It should also include a thesis statement that highlights the main point of the essay.

Body Paragraphs: The body of the essay is where you provide detailed comparisons and contrasts between the two subjects. Each paragraph should focus on a specific point of comparison and include evidence to support your arguments.

Conclusion: In the conclusion, you should summarize the main points of the essay and restate the thesis. This section should also provide a final thought or insight to leave a lasting impression on the reader.

By following this structure, you can ensure that your compare and contrast essay is well-organized and easy for readers to follow.

Choosing the Right Topics

When it comes to writing a compare and contrast essay, choosing the right topics is crucial. The topics you select will determine the focus of your essay and set the tone for the rest of your writing. Here are some tips for choosing the right topics:

Choose topics that have a clear connection: Make sure the topics you choose have some similarities and differences that you can explore in your essay. This will help you create a meaningful comparison.
Opt for topics that interest you: Select topics that you find engaging and meaningful. This will make the writing process more enjoyable and will help you stay motivated throughout.
Consider your audience: Think about who will be reading your essay and choose topics that will resonate with them. Consider their interests and preferences when selecting your topics.
Avoid overly broad topics: Make sure the topics you choose are specific enough to allow for a focused comparison. Overly broad topics can lead to a lack of depth in your analysis.
Look for unique angles: Try to find topics that offer a fresh perspective or unique angle for comparison. This will make your essay more interesting and engaging to your readers.

Gathering and Organizing Information

Before you start writing a compare and contrast essay, it is essential to gather and organize all the necessary information. Begin by selecting the subjects you want to compare and contrast. Make sure they have enough similarities and differences to make your essay informative and engaging.

Once you have chosen your topics, gather relevant information from credible sources. This can include books, academic journals, articles, and reputable websites. Take detailed notes and highlight key points that you can use in your essay. Organize your information in a systematic way to make it easier to reference and use while writing.

Consider creating a T-chart or Venn diagram to visually map out the similarities and differences between your subjects. This can help you see the relationships between the two topics more clearly and guide your essay structure.

By effectively gathering and organizing information, you will set a strong foundation for your compare and contrast essay and ensure that your arguments are well-supported and coherent.

Developing a Strong Thesis Statement

One of the key elements of a successful compare and contrast essay is a strong thesis statement. Your thesis statement should clearly outline the main points you will compare and contrast in your essay. It should also convey your overall argument and the significance of the comparison. Here are some tips for developing a strong thesis statement:

By following these tips, you can develop a strong thesis statement that sets the foundation for a well-organized and effective compare and contrast essay.

Writing the Essay: Tips and Tricks

When writing a compare and contrast essay, it’s important to keep in mind a few tips and tricks to make your essay effective and engaging. Here are some strategies to help you craft a compelling piece:

1. Begin with a Strong Thesis Statement:

Start your essay with a clear and concise thesis statement that highlights the main points of comparison and contrast. This will help guide your reader through the rest of the essay and provide a roadmap for your argument.

2. Organize Your Essay Carefully:

Structure your essay in a logical and coherent manner. You can choose to arrange your points by subject or point-by-point, but make sure your essay flows smoothly from one section to the next.

3. Use Transition Words:

Transition words and phrases like “similarly,” “in contrast,” and “however” can help signal the relationship between different ideas and improve the overall coherence of your essay.

4. Provide Concrete Examples:

To illustrate your points effectively, include specific examples and evidence to support your comparisons. This will add depth and credibility to your argument.

5. Revise and Edit:

Finally, don’t forget to revise and edit your essay before submitting it. Check for spelling and grammar errors, ensure your ideas are clear and well-supported, and make any necessary adjustments to improve the overall quality of your writing.

By following these tips and tricks, you can write an effective compare and contrast essay that engages your reader and effectively communicates your ideas.

Examples of Compare and Contrast Essays

1. Online Learning vs. Traditional Classroom Learning

This essay compares and contrasts the benefits and drawbacks of online learning and traditional classroom learning. It discusses factors such as convenience, interaction with instructors, and learning outcomes.

2. iOS vs. Android: A Comparison of Smartphone Operating Systems

This essay delves into the differences between iOS and Android operating systems, comparing their user interface, app availability, customization options, and overall performance. It aims to help readers make informed decisions when choosing a smartphone.

3. Vegetarianism vs. Veganism: Contrasting Plant-Based Diets

This essay explores the distinctions between vegetarianism and veganism, focusing on their dietary restrictions, ethical considerations, environmental impact, and health benefits. It aims to assist individuals in understanding the differences and choosing the diet that aligns with their values and goals.

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Write a Compare and Contrast Essay

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Before you begin to draft a compare and contrast essay, you should brainstorm by creating a Venn diagram or a chart to list the pros and cons of each subject you are comparing to another.

The first paragraph of your compare and contrast essay should contain references to both sides of your comparison. This paragraph should end with a thesis sentence that sums up your overall purpose or results, like this:

While city life brings many social opportunities, country life can provide the best of both worlds.

Comparison essays can be constructed in two ways. You can focus on one side of your comparison at a time, describing the pros and cons of one topic first and then moving on to the next topic, like the example here:

Cities have lots of great restaurants.
City life offers culturally diverse populations.
Cities contain theaters, sporting events, and other activities.
Country life brings fresh produce within easy reach.
Country life is quiet living with the opportunity to travel into cities for cultural exposure.
Entertainment opportunities exist in the country, as well.
Summary paragraph

You could instead alternate your focus, covering one after the other in a back-and-forth pattern.

On the other hand, country life brings fresh produce within easy reach.
But entertainment opportunities exist in the country, as well.
However, country life is quiet living with the opportunity to travel into cities for cultural exposure.

Make sure that each paragraph contains a smooth transition statement , and end your essay with a sound conclusion.

Country Life or City Life?

Some ideas for your compare and contrast essay might make your work easier. Think about the following topics and see if one feels right for you.

middle school and high school experience
pizza and spaghetti
doing household chores or doing homework
private school and public school
attending big university and attending small college
comparing two games
comparing two types of phones
laptops to tablets
comparing two teaching styles
comparing English to Spanish
owning a dog and owning a cat
travel abroad and domestic travel
growing up rich and growing up poor
talking to dad and talking to mom
having a sister and having a brother

If the list above doesn't appeal to you, it may spark an original idea that fits your situation. This type of essay can be a lot of fun!

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Plant and Animal Reproduction

While all organisms reproduce, not all organisms reproduce the same way. Explore the similar and different ways that plants and animals pass on their genes.

Biology, Genetics

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All organisms reproduce, which is the biological process where an organism produces and/or gives birth to another organism. Both plants and animals reproduce, though they have evolved the processes so that they overlap and diverge from each other in several ways. Types of Reproduction There are two types of reproduction: asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction . A sexual reproduction involves a single parent that produces a genetically identical offspring. Sexual reproduction involves two parents of the opposite sex. A male plant or animal contributes genetic material in the form of sperm or pollen to a female plant or animal's egg. The offspring then has genetic material from both parents. Different plants and animals can reproduce either asexually or sexually; however, a sexual reproduction is more common among plants than animals. Asexual and sexual reproduction each have benefits and drawbacks. Organisms that reproduce asexually have the advantage of producing several genetically identical offspring quickly and with little energy. On the other hand, the lack of genetic diversity among asexual offspring means they have a lower chance of adapting to an unstable environment. By contrast, organisms that reproduce sexually have the advantage of producing a genetically diverse offspring, which is able to adapt to its environment. But sexual reproduction comes at a cost, requiring more time and energy to produce an offspring than a sexual reproduction . Asexual Reproduction There are a variety of ways plants can reproduce asexually, or without a partner. For example, some nonflowering plants, such as moss and algae, reproduce by spore formation. Spores grow on a plant, then break off and grow into separate organisms. Other plants, such as strawberries, are able to reproduce asexually through vegetative propagation . This process involves using a part of a plant, such as a root or stem, to produce a new plant, and can happen either naturally or artificially. Other artificial methods, such as grafting , involve combining two plants into one by attaching the top part of a plant, called a scion , to the lower part of a plant, called a rootstock . Sexual Reproduction and Fertilization Many plants and most animals require partners to reproduce. Plants and animals share their genetic material in a process called fertilization . In plants, fertilization happens when the male shares pollen , which contains its genetic material, with a female plant's egg. In flowering plants, an egg is fertilized by cross- pollination . This process often requires an insect, such as a bee, that transfers grains of pollen from the male part of a flower, which is called the anther , to the female part of a flower, which is called the stigma . Once the pollen lands on the stigma , it passes through a long, tube-like structure called a style to reach the plant's ovaries. This part of the reproductive organ is where fertilization takes place. Some plants, called hermaphrodites , have male and female parts on the same plant, and are able to self-pollinate. Animals, by contrast, do not depend on third parties like insects for fertilization . As mobile creatures, animals can directly transfer sperm to an egg by physically interacting with each other. They often perform various mating rituals in order to attract a potential partner. Embryonic Development Once a plant or animal egg is fertilized, it starts developing into a multicellular organism. During this early stage, the fertilized egg is called an embryo. Despite differences in the fertilization process, the development of plant and animal embryos is similar. A plant embryo is contained within a seed, which provides the nutrients it needs to grow, while an animal embryo develops within an egg, outside the organism, or within a uterus, inside the female parent organism. Birth and Germination Plants and animals also differ with respect to how they give birth. Animals exit the female's uterus as a newborn or hatch from an egg that has already left the female's body. A plant, by contrast, begins its life by sprouting from a seed. The plant releases the seed, which begins to grow once it is in the soil and the conditions are right. After the seed has sprouted into a plant, it can collect additional nutrients through its roots.

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Comparing and Contrasting: A Guide to Improve Your Essays

By Walter Akolo

Essays that require you to compare and contrast two or more subjects, ideas, places, or items are common.

They call for you to highlight the key similarities (compare) and differences (contrast) between them.

This guide contains all the information you need to become better at writing comparing and contrasting essays.

This includes: how to structure your essay, how to decide on the content, and some examples of essay questions.

Let’s dive in.

What Is Comparing and Contrasting?

Is compare and contrast the same as similarities and differences, what is the purpose of comparing and contrasting, can you compare and contrast any two items, how do you compare and contrast in writing, what are some comparing and contrasting techniques, how do you compare and contrast in college level writing, the four essentials of compare and contrast essays, what can you learn from a compare and contrast essay.

At their most basic, both comparing and contrasting base their evaluation on two or more subjects that share a connection.

The subjects could have similar characteristics, features, or foundations.

But while a comparison discusses the similarities of the two subjects, e.g. a banana and a watermelon are both fruit, contrasting highlights how the subjects or items differ from each other, e.g. a watermelon is around 10 times larger than a banana.

Any question that you are asked in education will have a variety of interesting comparisons and deductions that you can make.

Compare is the same as similarities.

Contrast is the same as differences.

This is because comparing identifies the likeness between two subjects, items, or categories, while contrasting recognizes disparities between them.

When you compare things, you represent them regarding their similarity, but when you contrast things, you define them in reference to their differences.

As a result, if you are asked to discuss the similarities and differences between two subjects, you can take an identical approach to if you are writing a compare and contrast essay.

In writing, the purpose of comparing and contrasting is to highlight subtle but important differences or similarities that might not be immediately obvious.

By illustrating the differences between elements in a similar category, you help heighten readers’ understanding of the subject or topic of discussion.

For instance, you might choose to compare and contrast red wine and white wine by pointing out the subtle differences. One of these differences is that red wine is best served at room temperature while white is best served chilled.

Also, comparing and contrasting helps to make abstract ideas more definite and minimizes the confusion that might exist between two related concepts.

Can Comparing and Contrasting Be Useful Outside of Academia?

Comparing enables you to see the pros and cons, allowing you to have a better understanding of the things under discussion. In an essay, this helps you demonstrate that you understand the nuances of your topic enough to draw meaningful conclusions from them.

Let's use a real-word example to see the benefits. Imagine you're contrasting two dresses you could buy. You might think:

Dress A is purple, my favorite color, but it has a difficult zip and is practically impossible to match a jacket to.
Dress B is more expensive but I already have a suitable pair of shoes and jacket and it is easier to move in.

You're linking the qualities of each dress to the context of the decision you're making. This is the same for your essay. Your comparison and contrast points will be in relation to the question you need to answer.

Comparing and contrasting is only a useful technique when applied to two related concepts.

To effectively compare two or more things, they must feature characteristics similar enough to warrant comparison.

In addition to this they must also feature a similarity that generates an interesting discussion. But what do I mean by “interesting” here?

Let’s look at two concepts, the Magna Carta and my third grade poetry competition entry.

They are both text, written on paper by a person so they fulfil the first requirement, they have a similarity. But this comparison clearly would not fulfil the second requirement, you would not be able to draw any interesting conclusions.

However, if we compare the Magna Carta to the Bill of Rights, you would be able to come to some very interesting conclusions concerning the history of world politics.

To write a good compare and contrast essay, it’s best to pick two or more topics that share a meaningful connection .

The aim of the essay would be to show the subtle differences or unforeseen similarities.

By highlighting the distinctions between elements in a similar category you can increase your readers’ understanding.

Alternatively, you could choose to focus on a comparison between two subjects that initially appear unrelated.

The more dissimilar they seem, the more interesting the comparison essay will turn out.

For instance, you could compare and contrast professional rugby players with marathon runners.

Can You Compare and Contrast in an Essay That Does Not Specifically Require It?

As a writer, you can employ comparing and contrasting techniques in your writing, particularly when looking for ideas you can later apply in your argument.

You can do this even when the comparison or contrast is not a requirement for the topic or argument you are presenting. Doing so could enable you to build your evaluation and develop a stronger argument.

Note that the similarities and differences you come up with might not even show up in the final draft.

While the use of compare and contrast can be neutral, you can also use it to highlight one option under discussion. When used this way, you can influence the perceived advantages of your preferred option.

As a writing style, comparing and contrasting can encompass an entire essay. However, it could also appear in some select paragraphs within the essay, where making some comparisons serves to better illustrate a point.

What Should You Do First?

Before you compare two things, always start by deciding on the reason for your comparison, then outline the criteria you will use to compare them.

Words and phrases commonly used for comparison include:

In writing, these words and phrases are called transitions . They help readers to understand or make the connection between sentences, paragraphs, and ideas.

Without transition words writing can feel clumsy and disjointed making it difficult to read. ProWritingAid’s transition report highlights all of a documents transitions and suggests that 25% of any sentences in a piece include a transition.

So, how do you form all of this into a coherent essay? It's a good idea to plan first, then decide what your paragraph layout will look like.

Venn diagrams are useful tool to start generating ideas. The, for your essay, you need to choose between going idea by idea and going point by point.

Using a Venn Diagram

A Venn diagram helps you to clearly see the similarities and differences between multiple objects, things, or subjects.

The writing tool comprises two, or more, simple, overlapping circles in which you list down the things that are alike (within the overlapping area) and those that differ (outside the overlapping area).

It’s great for brainstorming ideas and for creating your essay’s outline. You could even use it in an exam setting because it is quick and simple.

Going Subject by Subject

Going subject by subject is a structural choice for your essay.

Start by saying all you have to say on the first subject, then proceed to do the same about the second subject.

Depending on the length of your essay, you can fit the points about each subject into one paragraph or have several sections per each subject, ending with a conclusion.

This method is best for short essays on simple topics. Most university-level essays will go point by point instead.

Going Point by Point

Going point by point, or alternating, is the opposite essay structure from going subject by subject. This is ideal when you want to do more direct comparing and contrasting. It entails discussing one comparison point at a time. It allows you to use a paragraph to talk about how a certain comparing/contrasting point relates to the subjects or items you are discussing.

Alternatively, if you have lots of details about the subject, you might decide to use a paragraph for each point.

An academic compare and contrast essay looks at two or more subjects, ideas, people, or objects, compares their likeness, and contrasts their differences.

It’s an informative essay that provides insights on what is similar and different between the two items.

Depending on the essay’s instructions, you can focus solely on comparing or contrasting, or a combination of the two.

Examples of College Level Compare and Contrast Essay Questions

Here are eleven examples of compare and contrast essay questions that you might encounter at university:

Archaeology: Compare and contrast the skulls of homo habilis, homo erectus, and homo sapiens.
Art: Compare and contrast the working styles of any two Neoclassic artists.
Astrophysics: Compare and contrast the chemical composition of Venus and Neptune.
Biology: Compare and contrast the theories of Lamarck and Darwin.
Business: Compare and contrast 2 or more business models within the agricultural industry.
Creative writing: Compare and contrast free indirect discourse with epistolary styles.
English Literature: Compare and contrast William Wordsworth with Robert Browning.
Geography: Compare and contrast the benefit of solar panels with the benefit of wind turbines.
History: Compare and contrast WWI to WWII with specific reference to the causes and outcomes.
Medicine: Compare and contrast England’s health service with America’s health service.
Psychology: Compare and contrast the behaviorist theory with the psychodynamic theory.

So, the key takeaways to keep in mind are:

Have a basis for comparison. The two things need to have enough in common to justify a discussion about their similarities and disparities.

Don’t go back and forth when using the block method. The best way to write your essay is to begin with a paragraph discussing all the facets of the first topic. Then, move on to another paragraph and talk through all the aspects of the second subject.

You can use both alternating and blocking techniques. Combining the two approaches is also an option. You can apply the alternating method in some paragraphs, then switch and use the block method. This method will help you offer a much deeper analysis of the subjects.

Have a reason for comparing the two things. Only select the points of comparison that resonate with your purpose.

Comparing and contrasting are essential analytical skills in academic writing. When your professor issues you with such an essay, their primary goal is to teach you how to:

Engage in critical thinking
See and make connections between words or ideas
Move beyond mere descriptions or summaries to developing interesting analysis
Get a deeper understanding of the subjects or items under comparison, their key features, and their interrelationships with each other.

The benefits of comparing and contrasting

Ultimately, your essay should enlighten readers by providing useful information.

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Walter Akolo

Walter Akolo is a freelance writer, internet marketer, trainer, and blogger for hire. He loves helping businesses increase their reach and conversion through excellent and engaging content. He has gotten millions of pageviews on his blog, FreelancerKenya, where he mentors writers. Check out his website walterakolo.com.

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Writing Tips

How to Write a Compare and Contrast Essay

5-minute read

9th March 2021

In a compare and contrast essay , you look at the similarities and differences between two subjects. How do you write one, though? Key steps include:

Pick two things to compare based on the assignment you were given.
Brainstorm the similarities and differences between your chosen subjects.
Choose a structure for your essay and plan how you will write it.
Write up your comparison and use evidence to support your argument.
Revise and proofread your essay to make sure it is perfect.

For more advice on each stage, check out our guide below.

1. Pick Two Subjects to Compare and Contrast

A compare and contrast assignment will ask you, unsurprisingly, to compare and contrast two things. In some cases, the assignment question will make this clear. For instance, if the assignment says “Compare how Mozart and Beethoven use melody,” you will have a very clear sense of what to write about!

Other times, you will have a choice of what to compare. In this case, you will want to pick two things that are similar enough to make a useful comparison.

For example, comparing Mozart and Beethoven makes sense because both are classical composers. This means there will be lots of points of comparison between them. But comparing Mozart to a Ferrari SF90 Stradale would just be confusing: one is a renowned composer and musician, the other is a high-end sports car, so they have very little in common that we could usefully compare.

At the same time, the things you pick should be different enough that you can find points of contrast. Were you asked to compare the calorific content of two types of fast food, for example, it might not make sense to compare hamburgers and cheeseburgers as they are too similar. But you could compare hamburgers and pizzas since both are forms of fast food but they differ in other respects.

As such, if you need to pick the subjects of your essay, read your assignment question carefully and try to find two things that will produce a helpful comparison.

2. Brainstorm Their Similarities and Differences

The next step is to brainstorm similarities and differences between your chosen subjects. You can do this as a simple list, but you could also use a Venn diagram .

This is a set of overlapping circles, each of which represents one subject. You can then add characteristics to each circle, with anything your subjects have in common going in the overlapping bit in the middle.

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Once you’ve listed characteristics, you’ll need to pick out the similarities and differences relevant to your essay. If you were assigned a question, use this to guide your choices. Otherwise, look for features that seem surprising or interesting and plan your essay around these. The key is to pick points of comparison that help us to understand each thing better, or where the similarities and differences show us something that we might not have expected or noticed otherwise.

3. Choose a Structure for Your Essay

As with any essay, you will want to start with a short introduction where you introduce your topic and what you will argue. Beyond this, most compare and contrast essays are structured in one of two ways. Decide which approach to take before you write your essay outline :

Divide by subject – Cover each subject in turn, looking at the key features you’ve identified in the previous step. You can then include a final section where you highlight what comparing the subjects tell us.
Divide by individual points – Break your essay down into a series of sections. Each section will then focus on one of the key features you’ve identified, explaining the similarities and differences between your chosen subjects.

For instance, if you were comparing two novels, you could write about each novel in turn and then compare them at the end. Alternatively, you could structure your essay so that each section covers an individual idea (e.g., one on structure, one on characters, one on language), looking at how each book uses these things.

In either case, you will want to end on a conclusion where you summarize what the comparison has shown us about the two subjects.

4. Use Supporting Evidence for Your Argument

It is important that you also back up your statements with supporting evidence. In some cases, this will simply involve pointing to the features of each subject that you’re discussing (e.g., citing specific parts of the novels you’re comparing).

However, you can also do extra research to back up your arguments. Were you comparing two countries’ economic performance, for example, you could use statistics from other studies or reports to show the similarities and differences.

5. Proofread Your Compare and Contrast Essay

Once you have a first draft of your compare and contrast essay, take a break. If you have time, leave it overnight. The aim is to come back to it with fresh eyes and reread it, looking for any areas you could improve. After this, you can redraft your essay to make sure your argument is clear, concise, and convincing.

It is also a good idea to have your essay proofread before submitting it. This will ensure your work is error free and help you get the marks you deserve.

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Difference Between Plants and Animals

Content: Plants Vs Animals

Similarities

Cellular Characteristics of Plants

Physiological Characteristics of Plants

3. Respiration

4. Movement

5. Digestion

6. Food Storage

7. Excretion

8. Reproduction

9. Responses

Types of Plants

4. Climbers

5. Creepers

Importance of Plants

Cellular Characteristics of Animals

Physiological Characteristics of Animals

Classification of Animals

Based on the blood type

Based on the Embryo Development

Importance of Animals

Key Differences Between Plants and Animals

More Comparisons:

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Difference Between Plant and Animal Cells

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Intermediate Filaments

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