research paper about mechanical engineering

• ASME Foundation
• Sections & Divisions
• Sign In/Create Account
• Publications & Submissions

ASME Journals provide essential resources for engineers looking to keep abreast of the latest research, current theory, practice, and application.

Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology

Read to publish, journal of risk & uncertainty in engng systems, find a journal, more about journals.

High-quality research papers from thought-leaders in all areas of specialization within mechanical engineering are made available through ASME Journals.

Information for Authors

Subscriptions, journal program awards, journal administration.

Browse broader subjects

• Engineering

Quick links

• Explore articles by subject
• Guide to authors
• Editorial policies

Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics Open Access Journals

Our open access Journals in Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics cover topics such as Modelling and Simulation, Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Friction, Mechanics of Advanced Materials, and Visualization in Engineering, to name a few.  Find a list of all journals here: 

Advanced Modeling and Simulation in Engineering Sciences

The journal covers the vast domain of the advanced modeling and simulation of materials, processes, and structures governed by the laws of mechanics. 

More about the journal  | Read all articles |  Submission guidelines

Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering

CJME mainly contains articles which study the basic theories and their applications in the field of mechanical engineering. 

The journal covers all aspects of theoretical and experimental research works related to friction, lubrication, wear, surface engineering and basic sciences. 

International Journal of Advanced Structural Engineering

The aim of the journal is to provide a unique forum for the publication and rapid dissemination of original research on structural engineering. 

More about the journal  | Read all articles | Submission guidelines

International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials

The journal covers various topics related to concrete, concrete structures and other allied materials 

International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering

The journal provides a forum for cross-disciplinary research contributions covering a broad spectrum of issues pertaining to the mechanical and machining properties of materials as well as materials science.

Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Modern Processes

The journal publishes results of current analytical, experimental and numerical research in the broad area of mechanics of advanced materials, with a special emphasis on underpinning interrelations between physics of deformation, damage, and fracture with mechanics of manufacturing processes. 

Micro and Nano Systems Letters

The journal offers an express online publication of short research papers containing the latest advances in micro and nano-scaled devices and systems.  

Visualization in Engineering

The journal publishes original research results regarding visualization paradigms, models, technologies, and applications that contribute significantly to the advancement of engineering in all branches. 

Not sure which open access journal is the most suitable one for your manuscript? Try our Journal Suggester, and don't forget to select "Fully Open Access journals". 

• Galvin Library

Mechanical Engineering

• Research Papers & Journal Articles
• Getting Started

Finding Research Papers and Journal Articles in Mechanical Engineering

Alphabetical listing.

• Data & Properties
• Codes & Standards
• Product Information
• Resources for Alumni & Others
• Search Tips and Tricks for Reserch Databases
• Research Misconduct
• More Information

Mechanical Engineering Librarian

Aric Ahrens

Email: [email protected] Introductory Video My Subject Areas

Related Subjects

• Aerospace Engineering
• Manufacturing Engineering
• Materials Science & Engineering

This is a more complete listing of research databases for finding research papers and journal articles. It includes both restricted access subscription databases that are only available to current Illinois Tech students, faculty, and staff as well as some of the best and highest quality free public databases.

Academic Search Complete is a multidisciplinary database offering full-text access to thousands of peer-reviewed journals, magazines, newspapers, and other publications across a wide range of academic disciplines, including social science, humanities, computer science, engineering, physics, chemistry, and more. A good place to begin researching a topic.

ProQuest Dissertations and Theses is a database containing millions of doctoral dissertations and master's theses from universities around the world. It provides researchers with access to original scholarly work across numerous disciplines, offering full-text downloads for many recent submissions and abstracts for older works, making it an essential resource for in-depth academic research and literature reviews. 

The ProQuest SciTech Collection is a database providing access to scientific and technical literature across various disciplines. It offers full-text articles, abstracts, and citations from journals, conference proceedings, and technical reports in fields such as engineering, computer science, physics, and environmental science. 

The SciTech Premium Collection includes the Natural Science Collection and the Technology Collection and provides full-text titles from around the world, including scholarly journals, trade and industry journals, magazines, technical reports, conference proceedings, government publications, and more. For those researchers who need to conduct comprehensive literature reviews, this database includes specialized, editorial-controlled A&I resources for discovery of relevant scholarly research and technical literature critical to the discipline.

Web of Science is a multidisciplinary citation indexing database that provides coverage of high-impact scholarly literature across the sciences, technology, engineering, and math. It offers powerful tools for tracking research trends, analyzing citation networks, and evaluating research impact. 

• << Previous: Resources for Current Students, Faculty, & Staff
• Next: Data & Properties >>
• Last Updated: Jul 30, 2024 3:06 PM
• URL: https://guides.library.iit.edu/mechanicalengineering

Top 150 Mechanical Engineering Research Topics [Updated]

Mechanical engineering is an intriguing discipline that holds significant sway in shaping our world. With a focus on crafting inventive machinery and fostering sustainable energy initiatives, mechanical engineers stand as pioneers in driving technological progress. However, to make meaningful contributions to the field, researchers must carefully choose their topics of study. In this blog, we’ll delve into various mechanical engineering research topics, ranging from fundamental principles to emerging trends and interdisciplinary applications.

How to Select Mechanical Engineering Research Topics?

Table of Contents

Selecting the right mechanical engineering research topics is crucial for driving impactful innovation and addressing pressing challenges. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you choose the best research topics:

• Identify Your Interests: Start by considering your passions and areas of expertise within mechanical engineering. What topics excite you the most? Choosing a subject that aligns with your interests will keep you motivated throughout the research process.
• Assess Current Trends: Stay updated on the latest developments and trends in mechanical engineering. Look for emerging technologies, pressing industry challenges, and areas with significant research gaps. These trends can guide you towards relevant and timely research topics.
• Conduct Literature Review: Dive into existing literature and research papers within your field of interest. Identify gaps in knowledge, unanswered questions, or areas that warrant further investigation. Building upon existing research can lead to more impactful contributions to the field.
• Consider Practical Applications: Evaluate the practical implications of potential research topics. How will your research address real-world problems or benefit society? Choosing topics with tangible applications can increase the relevance and impact of your research outcomes.
• Consult with Advisors and Peers: Seek guidance from experienced mentors, advisors, or peers in the field of mechanical engineering. Discuss your research interests and potential topics with them to gain valuable insights and feedback. Their expertise can help you refine your ideas and select the most promising topics.
• Define Research Objectives: Clearly define the objectives and scope of your research. What specific questions do you aim to answer or problems do you intend to solve? Establishing clear research goals will guide your topic selection process and keep your project focused.
• Consider Resources and Constraints: Take into account the resources, expertise, and time available for your research. Choose topics that are feasible within your constraints and align with your available resources. Balancing ambition with practicality is essential for successful research endeavors.
• Brainstorm and Narrow Down Options: Generate a list of potential research topics through brainstorming and exploration. Narrow down your options based on criteria such as relevance, feasibility, and alignment with your interests and goals. Choose the most promising topics that offer ample opportunities for exploration and discovery.
• Seek Feedback and Refinement: Once you’ve identified potential research topics, seek feedback from colleagues, advisors, or experts in the field. Refine your ideas based on their input and suggestions. Iteratively refining your topic selection process will lead to a more robust and well-defined research proposal.
• Stay Flexible and Open-Minded: Remain open to new ideas and opportunities as you progress through the research process. Be willing to adjust your research topic or direction based on new insights, challenges, or discoveries. Flexibility and adaptability are key qualities for successful research endeavors in mechanical engineering.

By following these steps and considering various factors, you can effectively select mechanical engineering research topics that align with your interests, goals, and the needs of the field.

Top 50 Mechanical Engineering Research Topics For Beginners

• Analysis of the efficiency of different heat exchanger designs.
• Optimization of airfoil shapes for enhanced aerodynamic performance.
• Investigation of renewable energy harvesting using piezoelectric materials.
• Development of smart materials for adaptive structures in aerospace applications.
• Study of vibration damping techniques for improving vehicle ride comfort.
• Design and optimization of suspension systems for off-road vehicles.
• Analysis of fluid flow characteristics in microchannels for cooling electronics.
• Evaluation of the performance of different brake systems in automotive vehicles.
• Development of lightweight materials for automotive and aerospace industries.
• Investigation of the effects of friction stir welding parameters on joint properties.
• Design and testing of a small-scale wind turbine for rural electrification.
• Study of the dynamics of flexible multibody systems in robotics.
• Development of a low-cost prosthetic limb using 3D printing technology.
• Analysis of heat transfer in electronic packaging for thermal management.
• Investigation of energy harvesting from vehicle suspension systems.
• Design and optimization of heat sinks for electronic cooling applications.
• Study of material degradation in composite structures under various loading conditions.
• Development of bio-inspired robotic mechanisms for locomotion.
• Investigation of the performance of regenerative braking systems in electric vehicles.
• Design and analysis of an autonomous agricultural robot for crop monitoring.
• Optimization of gas turbine blade profiles for improved efficiency.
• Study of the aerodynamics of animal-inspired flying robots (bio-drones).
• Development of advanced control algorithms for robotic manipulators.
• Analysis of wear mechanisms in mechanical components under different operating conditions.
• Investigation of the efficiency of solar water heating systems.
• Design and optimization of microfluidic devices for biomedical applications.
• Study of the effects of additive manufacturing parameters on part quality.
• Development of assistive devices for individuals with disabilities.
• Analysis of the performance of different types of bearings in rotating machinery.
• Investigation of the feasibility of using shape memory alloys in actuator systems.
• Design and optimization of a compact heat exchanger for space applications.
• Study of the effects of surface roughness on friction and wear in sliding contacts.
• Development of energy-efficient HVAC systems for buildings.
• Analysis of the performance of different types of fuel cells for power generation.
• Investigation of the feasibility of using biofuels in internal combustion engines.
• Design and testing of a micro-scale combustion engine for portable power generation.
• Study of the mechanics of soft materials for biomedical applications.
• Development of exoskeletons for rehabilitation and assistance in mobility.
• Analysis of the effects of vehicle aerodynamics on fuel consumption.
• Investigation of the potential of ocean wave energy harvesting technologies.
• Design and optimization of energy-efficient refrigeration systems.
• Study of the dynamics of flexible structures subjected to dynamic loads.
• Development of sensors and actuators for structural health monitoring.
• Analysis of the performance of different cooling techniques in electronics.
• Investigation of the potential of hydrogen fuel cells for automotive applications.
• Design and testing of a small-scale hydroelectric power generator.
• Study of the mechanics of cellular materials for impact absorption.
• Development of unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) for environmental monitoring.
• Analysis of the efficiency of different propulsion systems in space exploration.
• Investigation of the potential of micro-scale energy harvesting technologies for powering wireless sensors.

Top 50 Mechanical Engineering Research Topics For Intermediate

• Optimization of heat exchanger designs for enhanced energy efficiency.
• Investigating the effects of surface roughness on fluid flow in microchannels.
• Development of lightweight materials for automotive applications.
• Modeling and simulation of combustion processes in internal combustion engines.
• Design and analysis of novel wind turbine blade configurations.
• Study of advanced control strategies for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
• Analysis of wear and friction in mechanical components under varying operating conditions.
• Investigation of thermal management techniques for high-power electronic devices.
• Development of smart materials for shape memory alloys in actuator applications.
• Design and fabrication of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) for biomedical applications.
• Optimization of additive manufacturing processes for metal 3D printing.
• Study of fluid-structure interaction in flexible marine structures.
• Analysis of fatigue behavior in composite materials for aerospace applications.
• Development of energy harvesting technologies for sustainable power generation.
• Investigation of bio-inspired robotics for locomotion in challenging environments.
• Study of human factors in the design of ergonomic workstations.
• Design and control of soft robots for delicate manipulation tasks.
• Development of advanced sensor technologies for condition monitoring in rotating machinery.
• Analysis of aerodynamic performance in hypersonic flight vehicles.
• Study of regenerative braking systems for electric vehicles.
• Optimization of cooling systems for high-performance computing (HPC) applications.
• Investigation of fluid dynamics in microfluidic devices for lab-on-a-chip applications.
• Design and optimization of passive and active vibration control systems.
• Analysis of heat transfer mechanisms in nanofluids for thermal management.
• Development of energy-efficient HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems.
• Study of biomimetic design principles for robotic grippers and manipulators.
• Investigation of hydrodynamic performance in marine propeller designs.
• Development of autonomous agricultural robots for precision farming.
• Analysis of wind-induced vibrations in tall buildings and bridges.
• Optimization of material properties for additive manufacturing of aerospace components.
• Study of renewable energy integration in smart grid systems.
• Investigation of fracture mechanics in brittle materials for structural integrity assessment.
• Development of wearable sensors for human motion tracking and biomechanical analysis.
• Analysis of combustion instability in gas turbine engines.
• Optimization of thermal insulation materials for building energy efficiency.
• Study of fluid-structure interaction in flexible wing designs for unmanned aerial vehicles.
• Investigation of heat transfer enhancement techniques in heat exchanger surfaces.
• Development of microscale actuators for micro-robotic systems.
• Analysis of energy storage technologies for grid-scale applications.
• Optimization of manufacturing processes for lightweight automotive structures.
• Study of tribological behavior in lubricated mechanical systems.
• Investigation of fault detection and diagnosis techniques for industrial machinery.
• Development of biodegradable materials for sustainable packaging applications.
• Analysis of heat transfer in porous media for thermal energy storage.
• Optimization of control strategies for robotic manipulation tasks in uncertain environments.
• Study of fluid dynamics in fuel cell systems for renewable energy conversion.
• Investigation of fatigue crack propagation in metallic alloys.
• Development of energy-efficient propulsion systems for unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs).
• Analysis of airflow patterns in natural ventilation systems for buildings.
• Optimization of material selection for additive manufacturing of biomedical implants.

Top 50 Mechanical Engineering Research Topics For Advanced

• Development of advanced materials for high-temperature applications
• Optimization of heat exchanger design using computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
• Control strategies for enhancing the performance of micro-scale heat transfer devices
• Multi-physics modeling and simulation of thermoelastic damping in MEMS/NEMS devices
• Design and analysis of next-generation turbofan engines for aircraft propulsion
• Investigation of advanced cooling techniques for electronic devices in harsh environments
• Development of novel nanomaterials for efficient energy conversion and storage
• Optimization of piezoelectric energy harvesting systems for powering wireless sensor networks
• Investigation of microscale heat transfer phenomena in advanced cooling technologies
• Design and optimization of advanced composite materials for aerospace applications
• Development of bio-inspired materials for impact-resistant structures
• Exploration of advanced manufacturing techniques for producing complex geometries in aerospace components
• Integration of artificial intelligence algorithms for predictive maintenance in rotating machinery
• Design and optimization of advanced robotics systems for industrial automation
• Investigation of friction and wear behavior in advanced lubricants for high-speed applications
• Development of smart materials for adaptive structures and morphing aircraft wings
• Exploration of advanced control strategies for active vibration damping in mechanical systems
• Design and analysis of advanced wind turbine blade designs for improved energy capture
• Investigation of thermal management solutions for electric vehicle batteries
• Development of advanced sensors for real-time monitoring of structural health in civil infrastructure
• Optimization of additive manufacturing processes for producing high-performance metallic components
• Investigation of advanced corrosion-resistant coatings for marine applications
• Design and analysis of advanced hydraulic systems for heavy-duty machinery
• Exploration of advanced filtration technologies for water purification and wastewater treatment
• Development of advanced prosthetic limbs with biomimetic functionalities
• Investigation of microscale fluid flow phenomena in lab-on-a-chip devices for medical diagnostics
• Optimization of heat transfer in microscale heat exchangers for cooling electronics
• Development of advanced energy-efficient HVAC systems for buildings
• Exploration of advanced propulsion systems for space exploration missions
• Investigation of advanced control algorithms for autonomous vehicles in complex environments
• Development of advanced surgical robots for minimally invasive procedures
• Optimization of advanced suspension systems for improving vehicle ride comfort and handling
• Investigation of advanced materials for 3D printing in aerospace manufacturing
• Development of advanced thermal barrier coatings for gas turbine engines
• Exploration of advanced wear-resistant coatings for cutting tools in machining applications
• Investigation of advanced nanofluids for enhanced heat transfer in cooling applications
• Development of advanced biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
• Exploration of advanced actuators for soft robotics applications
• Investigation of advanced energy storage systems for grid-scale applications
• Development of advanced rehabilitation devices for individuals with mobility impairments
• Exploration of advanced materials for earthquake-resistant building structures
• Investigation of advanced aerodynamic concepts for reducing drag and improving fuel efficiency in vehicles
• Development of advanced microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) for biomedical applications
• Exploration of advanced control strategies for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)
• Investigation of advanced materials for lightweight armor systems
• Development of advanced prosthetic interfaces for improving user comfort and functionality
• Exploration of advanced algorithms for autonomous navigation of underwater vehicles
• Investigation of advanced sensors for detecting and monitoring air pollution
• Development of advanced energy harvesting systems for powering wireless sensor networks
• Exploration of advanced concepts for next-generation space propulsion systems.

Mechanical engineering research encompasses a wide range of topics, from fundamental principles to cutting-edge technologies and interdisciplinary applications. By choosing the right mechanical engineering research topics and addressing key challenges, researchers can contribute to advancements in various industries and address pressing global issues. As we look to the future, the possibilities for innovation and discovery in mechanical engineering are endless, offering exciting opportunities to shape a better world for generations to come.

Related Posts

Step by Step Guide on The Best Way to Finance Car

The Best Way on How to Get Fund For Business to Grow it Efficiently

• USF Research
• USF Libraries

Digital Commons @ USF > College of Engineering > Mechanical Engineering > Theses and Dissertations

Mechanical Engineering Theses and Dissertations

Theses/dissertations from 2024 2024.

Under Pressure: The Soft Robotic Clap-and-Fling of Cuvierina atlantica , Daniel Mead

Human Motion-Inspired Inverse Kinematics Algorithm for a Robotics-Based Human Upper Body Model , Urvish Trivedi

Theses/Dissertations from 2023 2023

Metachronal Locomotion: Swimming, Scaling, and Schooling , Kuvvat Garayev

A Human-in-the-Loop Robot Grasping System with Grasp Quality Refinement , Tian Tan

Theses/Dissertations from 2022 2022

Fragmentation of Chemically Herded Oil Slicks by Obstacles: Visualizations, Flow Measurements, and Spatial Distributions , Ali Alshamrani

Bulk Glass as Compressive Reinforcement in Structural Elements , John Cotter

Health Effects of Oil Spills and Dispersal of Oil Droplets and Zooplankton by Langmuir Cells , Sanjib Gurung

Interaction of Sequentially Applied Interventions for Gait Symmetry , Adila Hoque

4D Printing of Smart Hydrogel Scaffold to Program Neural Stem Cell Differentiation , Omar Khater

Estimating the As-Placed Grout Volume of Auger Cast Piles , Tristen Mee

Quantifying Functional Performance of Manual Force Perception and Dynamic Force Control , Benjamin Rigsby

Hybrid RANS-LES Hemolytic Power Law Modeling of the FDA Blood Pump , Joseph Tarriela

Theses/Dissertations from 2021 2021

Dynamic Loading Directed Neural Stem Cell Differentiation , Abdullah Revaha Akdemir

An Investigation of Cross-links on Crystallization and Degradation in a Novel, PhotoCross-linkable Poly (Lactic Acid) System , Nicholas Baksh

A Framework to Aid Decision Making for Smart Manufacturing Technologies in Small-and Medium-Sized Enterprises , Purvee Bhatia

Formation of Gas Jets and Vortex Rings from Bursting Bubbles: Visualization, Kinematics, and Fluid Dynamics , Ali A. Dasouqi

Development of Carbon and Silicon Carbide Based Microelectrode Implantable Neural Interfaces , Chenyin Feng

Sulfate Optimization in the Cement-Slag Blended System Based on Calorimetry and Strength Studies , Mustafa Fincan

Interrelation of Thermal Stimulation with Haptic Perception, Emotion, and Memory , Mehdi Hojatmadani

Modeling the Ambient Conditions of a Manufacturing Environment Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) , Yang Liu

Flow Visualization and Aerosol Characterization of Respiratory Jets Exhaled from a Mannequin Simulator , Sindhu Reddy Mutra

A Constitutive-Based Deep Learning Model for the Identification of Active Contraction Parameters of the Left Ventricular Myocardium , Igor Augusto Paschoalotte Nobrega

Sensible/Latent Hybrid Thermal Energy Storage for the Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle , Kelly Osterman

Evaluating the Performance of Devices Engineering to Quantify the FARS Test , Harsh Patel

Event-Triggered Control Architectures for Scheduling Information Exchange in Uncertain and Multiagent Systems , Stefan Ristevski

Theses/Dissertations from 2020 2020

Experimental Investigation of Liquid Height Estimation and Simulation Verification of Bolt Tension Quantification Using Surface Acoustic Waves , Hani Alhazmi

Investigation of Navigation Systems for Size, Cost, and Mass Constrained Satellites , Omar Awad

Simulation and Verification of Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage , Marwan Mosubah Belaed

Control of a Human Arm Robotic Unit Using Augmented Reality and Optimized Kinematics , Carlo Canezo

Manipulation and Patterning of Mammalian Cells Using Vibrations and Acoustic Forces , Joel Cooper

Stable Adaptive Control Systems in the Presence of Unmodeled and Actuator Dynamics , Kadriye Merve Dogan

The Design and Development of a Wrist-Hand Orthosis , Amber Gatto

ROBOAT - Rescue Operations Bot Operating in All Terrains , Akshay Gulhane

Mitigation of Electromigration in Metal Interconnects Passivated by Ångstrom-Thin 2D Materials , Yunjo Jeong

Swimming of Pelagic Snails: Kinematics and Fluid Dynamics , Ferhat Karakas

Functional Gait Asymmetries Achieved Through Modeling and Understanding the Interaction of Multiple Gait Modulations , Fatemeh Rasouli

Distributed Control of Multiagent Systems under Heterogeneity , Selahattin Burak Sarsilmaz

Design and Implementation of Intuitive Human-robot Teleoperation Interfaces , Lei Wu

Laser Micropatterning Effects on Corrosion Resistance of Pure Magnesium Surfaces , Yahya Efe Yayoglu

Theses/Dissertations from 2019 2019

Synthesis and Characterization of Molybdenum Disulfide/Conducting Polymer Nanocomposite Materials for Supercapacitor Applications , Turki S. Alamro

Design of Shape-Morphing Structures Consisting of Bistable Compliant Mechanisms , Rami Alfattani

Low Temperature Multi Effects Desalination-Mechanical Vapor Compression Powered by Supercritical Organic Rankine Cycle , Eydhah Almatrafi

Experimental Results of a Model Reference Adaptive Control Approach on an Interconnected Uncertain Dynamical System , Kemberly Cespedes

Modeling of Buildings with Electrochromic Windows and Thermochromic Roofs , Hua-Ting Kao

Design and Testing of Experimental Langmuir Turbulence Facilities , Zongze Li

Solar Thermal Geothermal Hybrid System With a Bottoming Supercritical Organic Rankine Cycle , Francesca Moloney

Design and Testing of a Reciprocating Wind Harvester , Ahmet Topcuoglu

Distributed Spatiotemporal Control and Dynamic Information Fusion for Multiagent Systems , Dzung Minh Duc Tran

Controlled Wetting Using Ultrasonic Vibration , Matthew A. Trapuzzano

On Distributed Control of Multiagent Systems under Adverse Conditions , Emre Yildirim

Theses/Dissertations from 2018 2018

Synthesis and Characterization of Alpha-Hematite Nanomaterials for Water-Splitting Applications , Hussein Alrobei

Control of Uncertain Dynamical Systems with Spatial and Temporal Constraints , Ehsan Arabi

Simulation and Optimization of a Sheathless Size-Based Acoustic Particle Separator , Shivaraman Asoda

Simulation of Radiation Flux from Thermal Fluid in Origami Tubes , Robert R. Bebeau

Toward Verifiable Adaptive Control Systems: High-Performance and Robust Architectures , Benjamin Charles Gruenwald

Developing Motion Platform Dynamics for Studying Biomechanical Responses During Exercise for Human Spaceflight Applications , Kaitlin Lostroscio

Design and Testing of a Linear Compliant Mechanism with Adjustable Force Output , William Niemeier

Investigation of Thermal History in Large Area Projection Sintering, an Additive Manufacturing Technology , Justin Nussbaum

Acoustic Source Localization with a VTOL sUAV Deployable Module , Kory Olney

Defect Detection in Additive Manufacturing Utilizing Long Pulse Thermography , James Pierce

Design and Testing of a Passive Prosthetic Ankle Foot Optimized to Mimic an Able-Bodied Gait , Millicent Schlafly

Simulation of Turbulent Air Jet Impingement for Commercial Cooking Applications , Shantanu S. Shevade

Materials and Methods to Fabricate Porous Structures Using Additive Manufacturing Techniques , Mohsen Ziaee

Theses/Dissertations from 2017 2017

Large Area Sintering Test Platform Design and Preliminary Study on Cross Sectional Resolution , Christopher J. Gardiner

Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Remediation of Organics in Water Using Zinc Oxide and Titanium Oxide Nanostructures , Srikanth Gunti

Heat Flux Modeling of Asymmetrically Heated and Cooled Thermal Stimuli , Matthew Hardy

Simulation of Hemiparetic Function Using a Knee Orthosis with Variable Impedance and a Proprioception Interference Apparatus , Christina-Anne Kathleen Lahiff

Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Molybdenum Oxide Nanomaterials , Michael S. McCrory

Effects of Microstructure and Alloy Concentration on the Corrosion and Tribocorrosion Resistance of Al-Mn and WE43 Mg Alloys , Hesham Y. Saleh Mraied

Novel Transducer Calibration and Simulation Verification of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Channels on Acoustic Microfluidic Devices , Scott T. Padilla

Force Compensation and Recreation Accuracy in Humans , Benjamin Rigsby

Experimental Evaluation of Cooling Effectiveness and Water Conservation in a Poultry House Using Flow Blurring ® Atomizers , Rafael M. Rodriguez

Media Velocity Considerations in Pleated Air Filtration , Frederik Carl Schousboe

Orthoplanar Spring Based Compliant Force/Torque Sensor for Robot Force Control , Jerry West

Experimental Study of High-Temperature Range Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage , Chatura Wickramaratne

Theses/Dissertations from 2016 2016

Al/Ti Nanostructured Multilayers: from Mechanical, Tribological, to Corrosion Properties , Sina Izadi

Molybdenum Disulfide-Conducting Polymer Composite Structures for Electrochemical Biosensor Applications , Hongxiang Jia

Waterproofing Shape-Changing Mechanisms Using Origami Engineering; Also a Mechanical Property Evaluation Approach for Rapid Prototyping , Andrew Jason Katz

Hydrogen Effects on X80 Steel Mechanical Properties Measured by Tensile and Impact Testing , Xuan Li

Application and Analysis of Asymmetrical Hot and Cold Stimuli , Ahmad Manasrah

Droplet-based Mechanical Actuator Utilizing Electrowetting Effect , Qi Ni

Experimental and Computational Study on Fracture Mechanics of Multilayered Structures , Hai Thanh Tran

Designing the Haptic Interface for Morse Code , Michael Walker

Optimization and Characterization of Integrated Microfluidic Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors and Transducers , Tao Wang

Corrosion Characteristics of Magnesium under Varying Surface Roughness Conditions , Yahya Efe Yayoglu

Theses/Dissertations from 2015 2015

Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Emissions, Human Energy, and Cultural Perceptions Associated with Traditional and Improved Methods of Shea Butter Processing in Ghana, West Africa , Emily Adams

Experimental Investigation of Encapsulated Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage , Tanvir E. Alam

Design Of Shape Morphing Structures Using Bistable Elements , Ahmad Alqasimi

Heat Transfer Analysis of Slot Jet Impingement onto Roughened Surfaces , Rashid Ali Alshatti

Systems Approach to Producing Electrospun Polyvinylidene Difluoride Fiber Webs with Controlled Fiber Structure and Functionality , Brian D. Bell

Self-Assembly Kinetics of Microscale Components: A Parametric Evaluation , Jose Miguel Carballo

Measuring Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Mechanical Properties Using Flat Punch Nanoindentation Focusing on Obtaining Full Contact , Federico De Paoli

A Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Flow Induced Noise In Hydraulic Counterbalance Valves , Mutasim Mohamed Elsheikh

An Experimental Study on Passive Dynamic Walking , Philip Andrew Hatzitheodorou

Use of Anaerobic Adhesive for Prevailing Torque Locking Feature on Threaded Product , Alan Hernandez

Viability of Bismuth as a Green Substitute for Lead in Jacketed .357 Magnum Revolver Bullets , Joel A. Jenkins

A Planar Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model for Cantilevers Experiencing Combined Endpoint Forces and Uniformly Distributed Loads Acting in Parallel , Philip James Logan

Kinematic Control of Redundant Mobile Manipulators , Mustafa Mashali

Passive Symmetry in Dynamic Systems and Walking , Haris Muratagic

Mechanical Properties of Laser-Sintered-Nylon Diamond Lattices , Clayton Neff

Advanced Search

• Email Notifications and RSS
• All Collections
• USF Faculty Publications
• Open Access Journals
• Conferences and Events
• Theses and Dissertations
• Textbooks Collection

Useful Links

• Rights Information
• SelectedWorks
• Submit Research

Home | About | Help | My Account | Accessibility Statement | Language and Diversity Statements

Privacy Copyright

Information

• Author Services

Initiatives

You are accessing a machine-readable page. In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader.

All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess .

Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications.

Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive positive feedback from the reviewers.

Editor’s Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal.

Original Submission Date Received: .

• Active Journals
• Find a Journal
• Proceedings Series
• For Authors
• For Reviewers
• For Editors
• For Librarians
• For Publishers
• For Societies
• For Conference Organizers
• Open Access Policy
• Institutional Open Access Program
• Special Issues Guidelines
• Editorial Process
• Research and Publication Ethics
• Article Processing Charges
• Testimonials
• Preprints.org
• SciProfiles
• Encyclopedia

Journal Menu

• Electronics Home
• Aims & Scope
• Editorial Board
• Reviewer Board
• Topical Advisory Panel
• Instructions for Authors
• Special Issues
• Sections & Collections
• Article Processing Charge
• Indexing & Archiving
• Editor’s Choice Articles
• Most Cited & Viewed
• Journal Statistics
• Journal History
• Journal Awards
• Society Collaborations
• Conferences
• Editorial Office

Journal Browser

• arrow_forward_ios Forthcoming issue arrow_forward_ios Current issue
• Vol. 13 (2024)
• Vol. 12 (2023)
• Vol. 11 (2022)
• Vol. 10 (2021)
• Vol. 9 (2020)
• Vol. 8 (2019)
• Vol. 7 (2018)
• Vol. 6 (2017)
• Vol. 5 (2016)
• Vol. 4 (2015)
• Vol. 3 (2014)
• Vol. 2 (2013)
• Vol. 1 (2012)

Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website.

Please let us know what you think of our products and services.

Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI.

Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering

Special issue editors, special issue information, benefits of publishing in a special issue.

• Published Papers

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section " Computer Science & Engineering ".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2024) | Viewed by 4955

Share This Special Issue

Dear Colleagues,

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, we find ourselves at the forefront of a technological revolution poised to profoundly transform our understanding and application of mechanical engineering. Mechanical engineering, as a crucial discipline within the field of engineering, encompasses a wide array of domains, ranging from advanced manufacturing techniques to engineering design and reliability analysis. Each of these domains is continuously benefiting from breakthroughs in artificial intelligence. Emerging technologies such as deep learning, neural networks, and big data analytics are progressing at an unprecedented pace, presenting mechanical engineering with unprecedented opportunities and challenges. This Special Issue is dedicated to focusing on the extensive applications of artificial intelligence in the field of mechanical engineering, showcasing the latest research outcomes in this interdisciplinary domain.

Dr. Haibo Huang Dr. Yawen Wang Dr. Shaogan Ye Dr. Jun Wu Guest Editors

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website . Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form . Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

• data-driven applications
• big data analysis
• active and passive control
• noise, vibration and harshness
• prognostics health management
• Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
• Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
• Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
• External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
• e-Book format: Special Issues with more than 10 articles can be published as dedicated e-books, ensuring wide and rapid dissemination.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here .

Published Papers (5 papers)

Further Information

Mdpi initiatives, follow mdpi.

Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals

RESEARCH @ MIT MECHE

Cutting-edge research at the interface of ideas.

We coordinate research in the department across seven collaborative disciplinary areas.

Scroll to Explore

The one who is manufacturing the great ideas is the one making the money. So I look at it and wonder, how could you ever have an economy without manufacturing?

Explore Research

• Research Areas
• Research in the News

Investigate the Areas of Research

The MIT Department of Mechanical Engineering researches and teaches at the interfaces of ideas, where several disciplines such as physics, math, electronics, and computer science, and engineering intersect in the nimble hands of broadly trained MIT mechanical engineers.

Design + Manufacturing

Controls, Instrumentation + Robotics

Energy Science + Engineering

Ocean Science + Engineering

Bioengineering

Micro + Nano Engineering

News + Media

Harnessing the Full Potential of the Sun

MechE researchers, led by Associate Professor Evelyn Wang, have developed a solar thermophotovoltaic device that experimentally demonstrates a three-fold increase in energy conversion efficiency.

Artificial reef designed by MIT engineers could protect marine life, reduce storm damage

An MIT team led by Professor Michael Triantafyllou & Edvard Ronglan SM ’23 have engineered structures that are engineered to mimic the wave-buffering effects of natural reefs while also providing pockets for marine life.

MIT engineers find a way to protect microbes from extreme conditions

Prof. Giovanni Traverso has developed a new way to make microbes hardy enough to withstand extreme conditions which could make it easier to harness the benefits of microorganisms used as medicines and in agriculture.

Meet Some of Our Faculty

MechE faculty are passionate, out-of-the-box thinkers who love to get their hands dirty.

• bioengineering

Not the News You Were Looking For?

• Mechanical Engineering Research
• Announcements

Mechanical Engineering Research: Call for Paper

Posted on Feb 16, 2023 We are now seeking submissions for Vol. 11, No. 1, 2023 issue. Please find the journal’s profile at http://mer.ccsenet.org and submit your manuscripts online. You may also e-mail submissions to... Read More

Policy Change of Free Print Journals

Posted on Jan 23, 2018 As you are aware, printing and delivery of journals results in causing a significant amount of detrimental impact to the environment. Being a responsible publisher and being considerate for the envi.. Read More

Current: Vol. 12, No. 1 (2024)

• Thermodynamic Evaluation of Low-GWP and Environmentally Friendly Alternative Refrigerants
•   Mahmood H. Khaleel    
•   Mohammad S. Hassan    
•   Otabeh Al-Oran    
•   Salwa O. Mohammed    
•   Sherwan Mohammed Najm    

Paper Selection and Publication Process

a). Upon receipt of paper submission, the Editor sends an E-mail of confirmation to the corresponding author within 1-3 working days. If you fail to receive this confirmation, your submission/e-mail may be missed. Please contact the Editor in time for that ([email protected]).

b). Peer review. We use  double-blind system for peer-review; both reviewers and authors’ identities remain anonymous. The paper will be peer-reviewed by three experts; two reviewers from outside and one editor from the journal typically involve in reviewing a submission. The review process may take 4-10 weeks.

c). Notification of the result of review by E-mail.

d). The authors revise paper and  pay Article Processing Charge (Formatting and Hosting, 300USD).

e) A PDF version of the article is available for download on the journal's webpage free of charge.

f) From July 1, 2018, we will not automatically provide authors free print journals. We will provide free print copies for authors who really need them. Authors are requested to kindly fill  an application form  to request free print copies. Additionally, we are happy to provide the journal’s eBook in PDF format for authors, free of charge. This is the same as the printed version.

The publisher and journal have a policy of "Zero Tolerance on the Plagiarism". We check the plagiarism issue through two methods: reviewer check and plagiarism prevention tool (ithenticate.com).

All submissions will be checked by iThenticate before being sent to reviewers.

Each paper published in Mechanical Engineering Research is assigned a  DOI ® number , which appears beneath the author's affiliation in the published paper. Click  HERE to know what is DOI (Digital Object Identifier)? Click  HERE to retrieve Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) for journal articles, books, and chapters.

• ISSN(Print): 1927-0607
• ISSN(Online): 1927-0615
• Started: 2011
• Frequency: annual
• CNKI Scholar
• Google Scholar
• PKP Open Archives Harvester
• SHERPA/RoMEO
• Standard Periodical Directory
• Lenna Bai Editorial Assistant
• [email protected]
• Journal Home
• Editorial Team
• Order Hard Copies

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to  upgrade your browser .

•  We're Hiring!
•  Help Center

Mechanical Engineering

• Most Cited Papers
• Most Downloaded Papers
• Newest Papers
• Last »
• Engineering Follow Following
• Renewable Energy Follow Following
• Materials Science Follow Following
• Finite Element Methods Follow Following
• Robotics Follow Following
• Computational Fluid Dynamics Follow Following
• Fracture Mechanics Follow Following
• Computational Mechanics Follow Following
• Physics Follow Following
• Materials Engineering Follow Following

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

• Academia.edu Journals
•   We're Hiring!
•   Help Center
• Find new research papers in:
• Health Sciences
• Earth Sciences
• Cognitive Science
• Mathematics
• Computer Science
• Academia ©2024

Mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete incorporating supplementary cementitious materials as binding agents

• Open access
• Published: 28 August 2024
• Volume 1 , article number  62 , ( 2024 )

Cite this article

You have full access to this open access article

• Sandeep Thapa 1 ,
• Suman Debnath 1 ,
• Suhasini Kulkarni 1 ,
• Hardik Solanki 1 &
• Snehansu Nath 1  

This research investigates the environmental impact of cement production by exploring eco-friendly geopolymer binders as alternatives. Geopolymer concrete, developed using silica and alumina-rich precursors such as pozzolanic materials, achieves high compressive strength, up to 43.6 N/mm 2 with a 16 M concentration and integrated steel fibers. Utilizing manual mixing and industrial by-products, the study pioneers cast-in-situ geopolymers with innovative curing techniques. The paper presents experimental results on the engineering properties of geopolymer concretes of 40 MPa, cured at 100 °C and 60 °C. The study systematically varies binder content, examining proportions of fly ash, GGBS, metakaolin, and silica fume, along with different mix ratios and molar concentrations. Key findings include increased compressive strength with higher NaOH concentration, peaking at 35.2 N/mm 2 and 34.22 N/mm 2 for 14 M mixes at 7 and 28 days, and 40.29 N/mm 2 for 16 M mixes at 7 days. Optimal results were observed at higher curing temperatures, especially with 14 M and 16 M compositions at 100 °C. The study recommends mechanized mixing for efficiency and calls for further investigation into the microstructure and chemistry of geopolymers to advance sustainable construction practices. This research represents a significant step towards eco-conscious building materials, reducing the environmental impact of the construction industry.

Similar content being viewed by others

Advancements in Geopolymer Concrete: A State-of-the-Art Analysis of Its Mechanical and Durability Features

Ecofriendly geopolymer concrete: a comprehensive review

Effects of alkaline concentration on workability and strength properties of ambient cured green geopolymer concrete

Explore related subjects.

• Environmental Chemistry

Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.

1 Introduction

The production of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) significantly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, as it releases a substantial amount of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into the atmosphere. For every ton of OPC manufactured, one ton of CO 2 is emitted, making OPC production a major environmental concern [ 1 ]. As OPC ranks as the second most commonly used material globally, just after water, the development of sustainable cement substitutes is imperative. This can be achieved by combining natural resources like kaolin with the cementitious qualities of industrial byproducts such as fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) [ 2 , 3 ]. Geopolymer concrete (GPC) emerges as a promising alternative to traditional cement due to its environmentally benign nature. Named for Davidovits, "geopolymer" refers to an alternate cementitious material that resembles ceramic. Unlike OPC, the polymerization process of geopolymers does not release greenhouse gases. Geopolymers are produced by mixing alkaline solutions with pozzolanic compounds or aluminosilicate sources [ 4 ]. Common materials like fly ash and GGBS, which are rich in silica and alumina, can replace cement in GPC, thereby reducing CO 2 emissions and enhancing mechanical strength and durability [ 5 , 6 ].

Numerous studies have explored the properties and performance of GPC made from supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs): Palomo et al. [ 7 ] Investigated GPC using Class F fly ash and tested various ratios of alkaline activator to fly ash. The mixtures activated with sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate achieved compressive strengths exceeding 60 MPa after curing for 24 hours at 65 °C. Xu and van Deventer [ 8 ] found that an ideal ratio of 0.33 between alkali solution and alumina-silicate yielded a maximum compressive strength of 19 MPa after a 72-hour curing period at 35°C. Hardjito and Rangan [ 9 ] studied GPC composition by varying sodium hydroxide concentrations from 8M to 16M and adjusting the sodium hydroxide to sodium silicate ratio. Higher NaOH molarity and Na 2 SiO 3 to NaOH ratio enhanced compressive strength, reaching 67 MPa after 24 hours of curing at 60 °C. Januarti Jaya Ekaputri et al. [ 10 ] examined the mechanical properties of GPC made from Jawa Power Paiton fly ash. The highest compressive strength of 48.59 MPa was achieved with a 10 M activator solution and a sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio of 1.5. Tabassum et al. [ 11 ] found that different sodium hydroxide solution concentrations have distinct effects on geopolymer concrete mixtures. Rovnanik [ 12 ] investigated how curing temperature and duration affect metakaolin-based geopolymer, finding higher temperatures hasten dense structure formation and geopolymerization. Liew et al. [ 13 ] explored curing conditions' impact on metakaolin geopolymer pastes, emphasizing heat curing's necessity. Therefore, Geopolymer concrete requires heat curing. Low temperatures hinder geopolymerization, reducing mechanical properties. Geopolymer concrete's strength qualities were shown to be enhanced by an ideal NaOH content of 12 M. A maximum compressive strength of 40.21 MPa was reached by the concrete after 28 days [ 14 ]. Achieving sufficient strength also necessitates proper curing. Various studies have demonstrated that the compressive strength of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete (GPC) specimens cured in an oven is higher than that of those cured under ambient conditions [ 15 ]. The majority of research has demonstrated that geopolymer concrete is typically produced using sodium hydroxide solution molarities within the range of 8 M to 16 M. Optimal strengths, as indicated by various studies, is generally noted within the concentration range of 12 M to 16 M. [ 16 , 17 , 18 ].

Despite the extensive research on GPC, there is a need to consolidate and build upon the existing knowledge to develop more practical and cost-effective formulations. The core problem addressed in this study is to identify the optimal mix designs and curing conditions that maximize the strength of GPC. The research aims to fill gaps in understanding the interplay between different SCMs and alkaline activators, as well as the influence of curing regimes on the mechanical properties of GPC. The promise of GPC made by SCMs is found in both its enhanced compressive strength and environmental advantages. This research aims to improve the development of high-performance and sustainable GPC, thereby reducing carbon emissions in the construction sector, by drawing on and expanding upon the findings of earlier studies.

This experimental research focused on the process of making the geopolymer concrete, which is notable for its exceptional characteristics, including strong adhesion, uniformity during mixing, and high slump levels. Initially, the workability of geopolymer concrete decreases during manual mixing due to its high viscosity, primarily because the alkaline-to-geopolymer solids ratio drops according to the mix design. However, by adjusting the alkaline/binder (a/b) ratio to 0.42 and incorporating additional alkaline liquid, the workability of the concrete can be significantly improved. Moreover, a slight increase in the alkali solution content during mixing enhances the desired slump value across different mix proportions of geopolymer concrete. Introducing extra activator to the mix results in a higher concentration of alkali solution, reducing viscosity and cohesion during manual mixing, ultimately facilitating the achievement of necessary workability and strength, especially in higher grades of concrete. Previous studies suggest that sufficient strength also requires curing, as various investigations have demonstrated that the compressive strength of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete (GPC) specimens cured in an oven is higher than that of those cured under ambient conditions. This underscores the importance of controlled curing processes to optimize the mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete.

The primary objective of this study is to explore the compressive strength characteristics of geopolymer concrete by examining how adjustments in the composition of binders impact its performance. The study systematically investigates various combinations of fly ash and GGBS at different proportions, ranging from 10% to 20% for fly ash and 40% to 60% for GGBS, while keeping metakaolin constant at 10%. Silica fume is also included in proportions ranging from 18% to 28%, with the curing procedure involving oven temperatures between 60°C and 100°C. To comprehensively explore the effects on compressive strength, the study considers three different mix proportions and two different molar concentrations (14 and 16 M). By analyzing these different compositions, the researchers aim to gain insights into optimizing the properties of geopolymer concrete for enhanced compressive strength. The implications of this study are significant for advancing the field of geopolymer concrete technology, contributing to the development of more efficient and effective mix designs that exceed current performance standards and providing a deeper understanding of the interactions between different binder components for more sustainable and high-performance concrete solutions.

2 Experimental work

2.1 materials used.

This study utilized various types of binders as the primary alumina-silicon source materials for geopolymer concrete. These binders included class F fly ash (in accordance with IS 3812-2003 [ 19 ]) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) (in accordance with IS 16714:2018 [ 20 ]), with specific gravities of 2.00 and 2.87, respectively, sourced from Suyog Elements Pvt Ltd in Baruch, Gujarat, India. Additionally, metakaolin from AJ Corporation in Mumbai, India, and silica fume from Astra Chemicals in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, with specific gravities of 2.6 and 2.64, respectively, were used. The chemical compositions of the fly ash, GGBS, metakaolin, and silica fume are detailed in Table 1 . Coarse aggregate with a maximum size of 4.75 mm, a specific gravity of 2.53, and a 24-hour water absorption rate of 4.32% was employed. Fine aggregate, with a maximum size of 600 microns, a specific gravity of 2.63, a 24-hour water absorption rate of 0.6%, and a fineness modulus of 2, was also used. Both aggregates conform to the standards outlined in IS 383-2016 [ 21 ] and meet the criteria for zone II.

This investigation utilized commercially available sodium hydroxide (NaOH) pellets with a purity of 98%. Additionally, we utilized liquid sodium silicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ), commonly known as Waterglass, which is easily obtainable in the market. The detailed chemical composition of sodium silicate is presented in Table 2 . It is essential to note that the choice of both sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate was made based on their availability and well-established properties in relevant applications. Demineralized (DM) water is recommended for diluting sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The use of DM water in the mixing process eliminates mineral impurities, resulting in a cleaner and more effective final sodium hydroxide solution.

In this experimental study, a unique variety of fiber known for its outstanding resilience and lasting quality, namely brass-coated micro steel fiber, is employed. This fiber adheres to the standards outlined in ASTM A-820 Type-1 [ 22 ]. The dimensions of the fiber utilized in this research are 0.26 mm in diameter and 13 mm in length, exhibiting a straight configuration. Further specifications of the steel fiber are provided in Table 3 .

The Conplast SP550, known for its exceptional water-reducing properties, is widely used, especially in micro silica concrete applications. It adheres to the IS: 9103:1999(2007) [ 23 ], and ASTM-C-494 Type 'G' [ 24 ] standards. Characterized by its brown liquid form and easy dispersal in water, it possesses a specific gravity of 1.24. This additive, containing Sulphonated Naphthalene Superplasticizer, plays a vital role in the current study. Its adaptability and adherence to industry norms make it a valuable choice for enhancing concrete performance. Here, fig. 1 presents photographs of the materials used in the experiment.

Photographs of materials used in the experiment. a Fly ash. b GGBS. c Metakaolin. d Silica Fume. e Sodium Hydroxide Pellets. f Sodium Silicate Gel. g Brass Steel Fiber. h Superplasticizer. i Coarse Aggregates. j Fine Aggregate

2.2 Alkaline liquid

Alkaline liquids are typically formulated by blending a solution of sodium hydroxide with sodium silicate at room temperature. As these two solutions combine, they undergo a reaction known as polymerization, resulting in the release of a substantial amount of heat. It is advisable to allow the mixture to stand for approximately 24 hours. This resting period ensures that the alkaline liquid, serving as a binding agent, is fully prepared [ 25 ].

2.3 Preparation of alkaline liquid

2.3.1 sodium hydroxide.

Two separate concentrations of sodium hydroxide pellets are dissolved in water, specifically at 14 and 16 molars. It's strongly recommended to prepare the sodium hydroxide solution at least 24 hours before use. Moreover, if this preparation exceeds a 36-hour duration, the solution tends to transition into a semi-solid state. Thus, it's crucial to utilize the prepared solution within this prescribed time limit [ 26 , 27 , 28 ].

2.3.2 Molarity calculation

Consider two concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution: 14 and 16 mol per liter. This translates to 560 g (14 × 40) and 640 g (16 × 40) of NaOH solids per liter of water for each molarity, with 40 representing NaOH's molecular weight. It's important to emphasize that water remains the primary constituent in both alkaline solutions. Notably, the NaOH concentration directly influences the quantity of solid NaOH in each solution, with the 16 Molar solution containing a greater mass compared to the 14 Molar solution.

The correct method involves adding 560 g of sodium hydroxide solids gradually to a specified amount of water, such as 500 ml. After ensuring complete dissolution, the volume of Sodium Hydroxide Solution (SHS) is measured to confirm it reaches one liter. If the solution falls short of this volume, additional water is added to reach exactly one liter. Conversely, if the SHS exceeds one liter, 560 g of sodium hydroxide solids are added to a smaller volume of water than previously used, and the process is repeated [ 29 ].

2.4 Mixing, casting and curing

A framework and code of practice exist for conventional concrete mixes, but not for geopolymer concrete. Thus, creating a geopolymer concrete mix must be based on conventional mix design concepts. Various mix proportioning methods are used to achieve the necessary concrete strength, considering the task, material properties, availability, field conditions, and requirements for durability and workability. Rangan [ 25 ] proposed a fly ash-based technique for geopolymer concrete, while Anuradha et al. [ 26 ] provided updated guidelines based on the Indian standard code. In this experimental geopolymer concrete mix was created utilizing the mix design technique specified in IS 10262-2019 [ 30 ]. In this study, the geopolymer mixing procedure encompassed five sequential stages. Initially, an alkaline solution was prepared by dissolving sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solids in demineralized water to achieve the desired concentration. This solution was then blended with sodium silicate solution before a 24-hour period prior to casting. Secondly, coarse and fine aggregates were meticulously mixed with the binder manually to create a well-blended dry mixture. The third step involved combining the prepared alkaline solution with a superplasticizer. In the fourth step, the liquid component was gradually incorporated into the dry mix, and the mixing process persisted for approximately 10-15 minutes until a uniform concrete mix was obtained. Finally, steel fibers were introduced and continuously mixed for 3-5 minutes. The workability of the freshly mixed concrete was assessed using the slump cone test, similar to that used for cement concrete. After the flow test, the fresh concrete was placed in the mold according to IS 1199-1959 [ 31 ]. Then the concrete was promptly poured into 150mm x 150mm x 150mm molds, followed by compaction using a tampering rod with approximately 45-50 blows to ensure proper compaction. After a 24-hour curing period, the specimens were demolded and subjected to further curing in a hot air oven for an additional 24 hours at various temperatures, alongside being maintained at ambient temperature (25–27°C) until testing. The curing temperatures differ according to the raw material utilized for fly ash-based geopolymer concrete, curing occurs at 60°C [ 26 , 32 ]. Furthermore, to determine the compressive strengths, geopolymer concrete cubes were tested according to the guidelines specified in IS 516-1959 [ 33 ].

Table 4 provides a detailed breakdown of the compositions of the binder mixes, expressed as percentages, and specifies the molar concentrations for three distinct mix designations: Geopolymer -1 (GP1), Geopolymer -2 (GP2), and Geopolymer -3 (GP3). Each mix designation is characterized by concentrations of 14 M and 16 M. In the experimental phase, a total of 72 cubes were cast, with twelve specimens allocated to each mix designation. These cubes underwent curing at various temperatures, as depicted in fig 2 . Following an initial 24-hour curing period in an oven, the casted cube specimens were transferred to a laboratory environment and left at room temperature until the conclusion of the testing day, in accordance with the procedure outlined in Fig 3 . Subsequently, compression tests were conducted on the cube specimens of geopolymer concrete using a testing machine with a capacity of 2000 KN shown in fig 4 . Notably, the results reported represent the average strength derived from three cube measurements. Furthermore, Table 5 presents a summary of the proportions of binder mix designs, detailing the quantities in kilograms per cubic meter (Kg/m 3 ). This comprehensive overview aids in understanding the precise formulation of the geopolymer concrete and its experimental parameters.

Specimens oven-cured at ( a ) 60 and ( b ) 100 °C for a 24-h duration

Cube cured under ambient conditions

Cube specimen compression testing ( a ) under applied loading conditions ( b ) during cube failure conditions

3 Results and discussion

3.1 workability.

The changes in workability for the different mixes are shown in Fig. 5 . The data reveal that the slump value decreased with an increase in GGBS content, consistent with previous studies [ 34 ]. Mix no. GP1 exhibited the highest workability with a slump value of 55 mm. Mixes GP2 and GP3 showed the smallest variation in workability values for both molars of GPC. There was no additional water added to the alkaline solution during the GPC casting process. However, adding more GGBFS affected the workability of the trial mixes [ 16 ]. Das et al. [ 35 ] has identified that the low workability is due to irregular shapes of fly ash and angular GGBFS. These shapes lead to significant particle interlocking, thereby decreasing workability. Greater amounts of CaO in GGBS accelerate hydration and the formation of C-A-S-H/C-S-H gel, leading to quicker setting times and decreased workability [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. When metakaolin was added or replaced by other materials, the slump value decreased due to its plate-like shape, which required more water or superplasticizers. The increased surface area and high fineness of slag also contributed to this need for additional water or superplasticizers to maintain workability [ 39 ]. With higher silica fume content, the slump in geopolymer concrete decreased. Their high viscosity results in low workability, making them more cohesive and viscous than OPC concrete [ 40 , 41 ].

Workability of various mixtures

3.2 Compressive strength

Following a thorough examination conducted over a period of 7 days, it was discerned that the highest levels of strength were attained under specific conditions. For instance, in the case of the 14 M concentration, the GP3 mixture displayed a remarkable strength of 35.2 N/mm 2 after 7 days, while the GP2 mixture exhibited a slightly lower but still notable strength of 34.22 N/mm 2 after 28 days. The findings suggest that increasing the GGBS content in the GPC mixtures resulted in higher compressive strength. This improvement is due to the significant production of calcium silicate hydrate gel [ 42 ]. Similarly, for the 16 M concentration, the GP2 mixture demonstrated a notable compressive strength of approximately 40.29 N/mm 2 after 7 days, while the GP1 mixture showcased an even higher strength of 43.6 N/mm 2 after 28 days. Okoye et al., conducted research on the impact of silica fume on the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete. The study revealed that the strength consistently increased with the addition of silica fume, achieving the maximum improvement at a 40% addition, which was the highest amount tested in the experiment [ 43 ]. It is crucial to note that all these mixtures underwent initial curing at a temperature of 100°C, indicating a standardized initial condition. This controlled environment ensures consistency in the experimental setup, allowing for accurate comparison and analysis of the results. The compressive strength results for 14 molar mixtures at 7 and 28 days are shown in Fig. 6 , illustrating the early-stage performance of each mixture. Meanwhile, Fig. 7 present the compressive strength results for 16 molar mixtures at 7 and 28 days, providing insights into the longer-term performance of the mixes. By encompassing data from the three provided mixes (GP1, GP2, and GP3) across two different molar concentrations (14M and 16M), these figures provide a comprehensive overview of the experimental findings. This comprehensive approach facilitates a deeper understanding of how varying factors such as mix composition and molar concentration impact the compressive strength of the materials over time.

14 Molar concrete compressive strength at 7 and 28 days for GP1, GP2, GP3 Mix

16 Molar concrete compressive strength at 7 and 28 days for GP1, GP2, GP3 Mix

When the GP2 blend with a molarity of 16 was subjected to a curing temperature of 60°C, it exhibited exceptional performance characteristics. Specifically, it achieved an impressive compressive strength of 29.65 N/mm 2 within a remarkably short period of just 7 days. This rapid development of strength highlights the effectiveness of the curing process at this temperature. Furthermore, even after the initial 7-day period, the GP2 mixture, still maintained at a molarity of 16, continued to display its strength. Over the course of a 28-day curing period, it further improved its compressive strength, eventually reaching a peak value of 31.48 N/mm 2 . This sustained enhancement in strength suggests that the curing process not only initiates rapid development but also facilitates continued improvement in the material's mechanical properties over time.

Conversely, the GP1 mix, despite sharing the same molarity (16 Molar), displayed notably lower performance, registering a compressive strength of only 10.44 N/mm 2 within the initial 7 days. This value notably lagged behind the corresponding results for both different molarities during the same period. Moreover, for the GP1 mix with a slightly lower molarity of 14 M, the compressive strength recorded after 28 days was similarly inferior, reaching only 16.23 N/mm 2 . In summary, the GP2 blend, particularly with a molarity of 16, exhibited superior compressive strength characteristics compared to the GP1 mix under similar conditions, showcasing its potential for robust performance in concrete applications.

Figures. 5 , 6 illustrate the changes in compressive strength for 14 M and 16 M NaOH concentration solutions. Both figures indicate that increasing the molarity of the NaOH solution leads to a slight rise in compressive strength. Notably, the 16 M mixture, containing 40% GGBFS and 28% silica fume, shows higher compressive strength compared to the 14 M mixture. While the compressive strength of 16 M NaOH solution mixtures increase steadily, the 14 M NaOH mixtures exhibit erratic increments. The higher molarity may facilitate more Al atoms receiving electrons from Na atoms, leading to increased sialate bond formation [ 44 , 45 ].

4 Conclusions

4.1 findings.

This research focused on developing eco-friendly geopolymer concrete (GPC) using fly ash, GGBS, metakaolin, and silica fume. The study identified optimal mix designs and curing conditions to maximize the compressive strength of GPC. Specifically, the highest compressive strengths were achieved under certain conditions: for 14 M NaOH, the GP3 mixture reached 35.2 N/mm 2 after 7 days, and the GP2 mixture reached 34.22 N/mm 2 after 28 days. For 16 M NaOH, the GP2 mixture achieved 40.29 N/mm 2 after 7 days, and the GP1 mixture reached 43.6 N/mm 2 after 28 days. The GP2 blend, with 16 M NaOH and a 60 °C curing temperature, achieved 29.65 N/mm 2 in 7 days and 31.48 N/mm 2 in 28 days, while the GP1 mix performed poorly, reaching only 10.44 N/mm 2 in 7 days and 16.23 N/mm 2 in 28 days. Initial curing at 100 °C was essential for consistency. The research demonstrated that GPC offers significant environmental benefits by reducing carbon emissions and supports sustainable construction practices.

4.2 Research Limitations

The study was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions, which may not fully capture real-world applications. It primarily addressed mechanical properties, environmental impacts, and practical scalability. The specific focus on high molarity NaOH solutions and selected binder contents may not represent the full spectrum of possible formulations.

4.3 Recommendations for Future Research

Future studies should focus on consolidating and expanding existing knowledge to develop more practical and cost-effective GPC formulations. Investigations should include a broader range of SCMs, mix proportions, and curing methods, such as ambient curing. Further research should explore the long-term durability and environmental benefits of GPC, optimizing formulations for high-performance and sustainable construction applications. Understanding the microstructural and chemical interactions in GPC will further enhance its development and practical use.

4.4 Implications

Despite the extensive research on GPC, there is a need to consolidate and build upon the existing knowledge to develop more practical and cost-effective formulations. The core problem addressed in this study is to identify the optimal mix designs and curing conditions that maximize the strength of GPC. The research aims to fill gaps in understanding the interplay between different SCMs and alkaline activators, as well as the influence of curing regimes on the mechanical properties of GPC. This study highlights the potential of GPC to significantly reduce carbon emissions in the construction sector, offering a viable alternative to traditional Portland cement. The findings underscore the promise of GPC, particularly in its enhanced compressive strength and environmental advantages, thus contributing to the development of high-performance, sustainable GPC. This work lays the foundation for further advancements in eco-friendly building materials, promoting a more sustainable approach in the construction industry.

Data availability

The data supporting this research is enclosed within this paper and does not need to be referred from an external source.

Davidovits J. Geopolymers: man-made rock geosynthesis and the resulting development of very early high strength cement. J Mater Educ. 1994;16:91–91.

Google Scholar  

Nath P, Sarker PK. Effect of GGBFS on setting, workability and early strength properties of fly ash geopolymer concrete cured in ambient condition. Const Buil Mater. 2014;66:163–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.05.080 .

Article   Google Scholar  

Deb PS, Nath P, Sarker PK. The effects of ground granulated blast-furnace slag blending with fly ash and activator content on the workability and strength properties of geopolymer concrete cured at ambient temperature. Mater Design. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.05.001 .

Davidovits J. Geopolymers: inorganic polymeric new materials. J Therm Anal Calorim. 1991;37(8):1633–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01912193 .

Davidovits J. Global warming impact on the cement and aggregates industries. World Res Rev. 1994;6(2):263–78.

Motorwala A, Shah V, Kammula R, Nannapaneni P, Raijiwala DB. Alkali activated fly-ash based geopolymer concrete. Int J Emerg Technol Adv Eng. 2013;3(1):159–66.

Palomo A, Grutzeck MW, Blanco MT. Alkali-activated fly ashes. Cement Conc Res. 1999. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0008-8846(98)00243-9 .

Xu, Hua. "The geopolymerisation of alumino-silicate minerals [thesis]." University of Melbourne (2002).

Hardjito, Djwantoro, and B. Vijaya Rangan. "Development and properties of low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete.", provided by Curtin University of Technology. (2005). http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/5594

Ekaputri JJ, Damayanti O. Sifat mekanik beton geopolimer berbahan dasar fly ash jawa power paiton sebagai material alternatif. J Pondasi. 2007;13(2):124–34.

Tabassum RK, Khadwal A, Ash F. Effect of sodium hydroxide concentration on various properties of geopolymer concrete. IJETR. 2015;3(10):2454–4698.

Rovnaník P. Effect of curing temperature on the development of hard structure of metakaolin-based geopolymer. Const Buil Mater. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.12.023 .

Liew YM, Hussin K, Al Bakri Abdullah MM, Binhussain M, Musa L, Khairul Nizar I, Ghazali CMR, Heah CY. Effect of curing regimes on metakaolin geopolymer pastes produced from geopolymer powder. Adv Mater Res. 2013;626:931–6.

Djobo JNY, Tchakouté HK, Ranjbar N, Elimbi A, Tchadjié LN, Njopwouo D. Gel composition and strength properties of alkali-activated oyster shell-volcanic ash: effect of synthesis conditions. J Am Ceram Soc. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.14332 .

Bakria AMMA, Kamarudin H, BinHussain M, Nizar IK, Zarina Y, Rafiza AR. The effect of curing temperature on physical and chemical properties of geopolymers. Phys Procedia. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2011.11.045 .

Aliabdo AA, Abd Elmoaty AEM, Salem HA. Effect of water addition, plasticizer and alkaline solution constitution on fly ash based geopolymer concrete performance. Const Buil Mater. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.06.062 .

Bidwe SS, Hamane AA. Effect of different molarities of sodium hydroxide solution on the strength of geopolymer concrete. Am J Eng Res. 2015;4(3):139–45.

Raijiwala DB, Patil HS. Geopolymer concrete: a concrete of next decade. J Eng Res Stud. 2011;2(1):19–25.

IS 3812–1: 2003. Specification for Pulverized Fuel Ash, Part 1: For Use as Pozzolana in Cement, Cement Mortar and Concrete (2003).

IS 16714, Specification for Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag for Use in Cement, Mortar & Concrete 2018.

Bureau of Indian Standard, DS. "Coarse and Fine Aggregate for Concrete Specification." (2016).

ASTM A820–01. Specification for steel fibers for fiber-reinforced concrete. ASTM International.

IS: 9103:1999, specification for admixtures for concrete (2007).

ASTM-C-494 Type 'G' standard specification for admixtures for concrete.

Rangan BV. Mix design and production of flyash based geopolymer concrete. Indian Conc J. 2008;82(5):7–15.

Anuradha RV, Sreevidya R, Venkatasubramani, B Vijaya Rangan. Modified guidelines for geopolymer concrete mix design using Indian standard. Asian Journal of Civil Engineering. 357–368. 2012

Aisheh YIA, Atrushi DS, Akeed MH, Qaidi S, Tayeh BA. Influence of steel fibers and microsilica on the mechanical properties of ultra-high-performance geopolymer concrete (UHP-GPC). Case Stud Const Mater. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01245 .

Abdellatief M, Alanazi H, Radwan MKH, Tahwia AM. Multiscale characterization at early ages of ultra-high performance geopolymer concrete. Polymers. 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14245504 .

Rajamane NP, Jeyalakshmi R. Quantities of sodium hydroxide solids and water to prepare sodium hydroxide solution of given molarity for geopolymer concrete mixes. Indian Concrete Institute Technical Paper: SRM University, India; 2014.

IS 10262–2019 Recommended guidelines for concrete mix design.

IS 1199–1959. Methods of Sampling and Analysis of Concrete. Bureau of Indian Standard: New Delhi, India (2004)

Bernal SA, Mejía de Gutiérrez R, Provis JL. Engineering and durability properties of concretes based on alkali-activated granulated blast furnace slag/metakaolin blends. Const Buil Mater. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.01.017 .

IS 516–1959. Methods of Tests for Strength of Concrete. New Delhi, India: Bureau of Indian Standards. 1999.

Nath P, Sarker PK. Effect of GGBFS on setting, workability and early strength properties of fly ash geopolymer concrete cured in ambient condition. Const Buil Mater. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.05.080 .

Das SK, Shrivastava S. Siliceous fly ash and blast furnace slag based geopolymer concrete under ambient temperature curing condition. Struct Conc. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201900201 .

Kumar S, Kumar R, Mehrotra SP. Influence of granulated blast furnace slag on the reaction, structure and properties of fly ash based geopolymer. J Mater Sci. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-3934-5 .

Koenig A, Herrmann A, Overmann S, Dehn F. Resistance of alkali-activated binders to organic acid attack: assessment of evaluation criteria and damage mechanisms. Const Buil Mater. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.117 .

Li X, Ma X, Zhang S, Zheng E. Mechanical properties and microstructure of class c fly ash-based geopolymer paste and mortar. Materials. 2013. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma6041485 .

Ali A, Al-Attar T, Abbas WA. Mechanical performance of blended fly ash-based geopolymer concrete with GGBS and metakaolin. Eng Technol J. 2022. https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.2022.132647.1135 .

Rangan BV. Low-calcium, fly-ash-based geopolymer concrete. In: Nawy E, editor. Concrete construction engineering handbook. Florida: CRC Press; 2008. p. 26–31.

Chindaprasirt P, Chareerat T, Sirivivatnanon V. Workability and strength of coarse high calcium fly ash geopolymer. Cement Concrete Comp. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2006.11.002 .

Yip CK, Lukey GC, van Deventer JSJ. The coexistence of geopolymeric gel and calcium silicate hydrate at the early stage of alkaline activation. Cement Conc Res. 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.10.042 .

Okoye FN, Durgaprasad J, Singh NB. Effect of silica fume on the mechanical properties of fly ash based-geopolymer concrete. Ceram Int. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.10.084 .

Al Bakri Abdullah MM, Kamarudin H, Abdulkareem OAKA, Ghazali CMR, Rafiza AR, Norazian MN. Optimization of alkaline activator/fly ash ratio on the compressive strength of manufacturing fly ASH-BASED geopolymer. Appl Mecha Mater. 2011. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.734 .

Abdullah MMAB, Kamarudin H, Bnhussain M, Ismail KN, Rafiza AR, Zarina Y. The relationship of NaOH molarity, Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio, fly ash/alkaline activator ratio, and curing temperature to the strength of fly ash-based geopolymer. Adv Mater Res. 2011;328:1475–82. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.1475 .

Download references

Acknowledgements

I extend my heartfelt thanks to Dr. Suhasini Kulkarni and Dr. Hardik Solanki for their invaluable support and guidance throughout this academic endeavor, without which its successful completion would not have been possible. I also wish to acknowledge the assistance provided by Parul Universi-ty, Vadodara, in facilitating and supporting this research project. Additionally, I am sincerely grate-ful to Suyog Elements Pvt Ltd, Bharuch, Gujarat, India, and Mangalmurti Conchem Pvt Ltd, Vadoda-ra, Gujarat, for supplying essential materials such as Fly ash, GGBS, and Fosroc Conplast SP550 for my study. Finally, I would like to express my appreciation to Mr. Punit Patel, Mr. Joy Amit Sanghavi, Mr. Jenish Patel, and Mr. Roshan Badadwal, undergraduate students at Parul University, for their valuable assistance in sample preparation.

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

Department of Civil Engineering, Parul University, Limda, Vadodara, 391760, Gujarat, India

Sandeep Thapa, Suman Debnath, Suhasini Kulkarni, Hardik Solanki & Snehansu Nath

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Contributions

Conceptualization, Sandeep Thapa; Methodology, Sandeep Thapa; Validation, Sandeep Thapa, Investigation, Sandeep Thapa, Resource, Sandeep Thapa; Writing Orginal Draft Preperation, Sandeep Thapa; Supervision, Dr. Suhasini Kulkarni and Dr. Hardik Solanki.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Sandeep Thapa or Suhasini Kulkarni .

Ethics declarations

Competing interests.

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's note.

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ .

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Thapa, S., Debnath, S., Kulkarni, S. et al. Mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete incorporating supplementary cementitious materials as binding agents. Discov Civ Eng 1 , 62 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44290-024-00064-0

Download citation

Received : 17 April 2024

Accepted : 21 August 2024

Published : 28 August 2024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s44290-024-00064-0

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

• Compressive strength
• Environmentally friendly
• Silica fume
• Sustainable
• Find a journal
• Publish with us
• Track your research