4.4 out of 5 stars
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Customers like the quality, value, and mix of the protein supplement powder. For example, they mention it's very good, great value for money, and easy to mix. They appreciate the protein content, filling, and nutritional profile. That said, opinions are mixed on taste and texture.
AI-generated from the text of customer reviews
Customers are mixed about the taste of the protein supplement powder. Some mention that it has a very nice taste, and mixes well with water. They also say that the shake is genuinely delicious, and makes for a great breakfast. However, others say that it had a pretty bad after taste, is overpowering, and is a bit sickly.
"I use this to make up overnight oats with Greek yogurt, it makes for a great breakfast with some nuts and berries." Read more
" Great taste , easy to mix." Read more
"...CHERRY BAKEWELL: Avoid! I have a sweet tooth but this was beyond sickly and very difficult to get down- in fact I still have some left!..." Read more
"It has little sugar content yet tastes fine . Good quality" Read more
Customers are satisfied with the quality of the protein supplement powder. They mention that it is very good, amazing, and works well. Some say that the product is nice and has no lumps. They also say that it works great with keto diets and that it tastes good.
"...4 ice cubes- once whizzed there's no lumps and you get a really thick, cool , luxurious shake after about 10 seconds!!..." Read more
"It has little sugar content yet tastes fine. Good quality " Read more
"...In every recipe I’ve made, this has been a key ingredient and really useful . I haven’t used it for a drink, but I’ve no doubt it would be good...." Read more
"...Not extortionate in terms of price and very good results , nothing much to say :)" Read more
Customers find the protein supplement powder excellent value for money. They say it's a cost effective way of upping your protein and helping weight loss.
"...So at £16 for a 2kg bag, using PhD whey is a really cost effective way of upping your protein and helping weight loss by taking once a day- along..." Read more
"...Good consistency, and definitely great value for money compared to many other brands." Read more
"Great for calories, good value for money , resealable, good size for the money." Read more
"...This order from this Amazon supplier was at a very good price and arrived before the predicted date...." Read more
Customers like the mix. They say it mixes well, and doesn't leave lumps at the bottom of their shake. They also say it blends well with water, yoghurt, and milk. Customers also mention that it's great for mixing with overnight oats.
"Great taste, easy to mix ." Read more
"...yogurt, almond milk, granola, and fresh berries its heaven, lovely as a milk shake too" Read more
"...Mixing - it mixed very well in yoghurt . Have not tried with milk yet...." Read more
"...However it's flavour was a tad overpowering and its struggled to mix throughly even using a nutribullet...." Read more
Customers like the protein content of the protein supplement powder. They say it has a high protein content and low calorie. Some customers also say it's a great protein shake with the right amount of protein per serving. They also say that it contains BCAAs and that it makes amazing fluffy protein pancakes.
"...In every recipe I’ve made, this has been a key ingredient and really useful. I haven’t used it for a drink, but I’ve no doubt it would be good...." Read more
" great quality protein mixed well with almond milk and berries to make a good mid morning snack :)" Read more
"...Decent price-point, nothing lost in terms of nutrition , and it also contains BCAAs (have EAAs as well to have all the essentials)." Read more
"...and price is very decent vs all others out there... low sugar and vegan too which is plus nowerdays...." Read more
Customers like the filling of the protein supplement powder. They say it does fill them up, and it keeps them satisfied for a long time. Some mention that it thickens up more and keeps them going for ages.
"...oat milk and will use one scoop, this not only tasted great but becomes very filling , one thing to note is that it gets thicker if i use the..." Read more
"...chosen cup ( I use a double walled cup to keep it cold ) .. it’s very filling .." Read more
"Love this chocolate orange flavour. This stuff is very filling and one for breakfast and one for lunch keeps me full till tea without needing..." Read more
"...It has also helped me recognise the feeling that I am no longer hungry rather than eating until I feel full and unconfortable....which I used to..." Read more
Customers are satisfied with the nutritional profile of the protein supplement powder. They mention that it is sweet without adding empty calories, it is lower on fat and sugar than others, and it helps them stay away from random carbs. They also say that it helps keep hunger at bay and helps them avoid sweets and chocolate.
"...me they are really helping me to control my daily eating and keep the weight loss going at a realistic and steady rate- unlike other 'quick fix'..." Read more
"It has little sugar content yet tastes fine. Good quality" Read more
" Great for calories , good value for money, resealable, good size for the money." Read more
"...protein mixed well with almond milk and berries to make a good mid morning snack :)" Read more
Customers are mixed about the texture of the protein supplement powder. Some mention that it's quite smooth, creamy, and mixes easily in a shaker bottle. However, others say that it doesn't mix too well and is clumpy, grainy, and thick.
"...The "easy" seal doesn't really work as the protein powder gets clogged up in it...." Read more
"It tastes good, with a slight chemical aftertaste. Texture is alright , but it did give me acne which worried me about potential contamination with..." Read more
"...Always leaves small clumps at the bottom .Taste is poor, like powder unfortunately 😕..." Read more
"...I find that there are lumps and bits floating . Not sure if anyone else has had this in their shakes?" Read more
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Whey protein has become a popular supplement for body builders and anyone who wants to get rid of fat and turn it into muscle. The protein itself, which comes from cow’s milk and was once was regarded as useless by cheese farmers, has now been discovered to provide so many different benefits to the human body; it’s a vital component to any compositional training and has become a popular supplement for so many people.
So what exactly is it? And how does it work? As one of the two proteins found in cow’s milk, whey is actually very common and most people have had whey in their diet all their lives. Whey provides essential amino acids, which are the body’s building blocks for muscle tissue, energy production, brain metabolism, cardiovascular function, immune system function and more.
PHD Diet Whey is designed for anyone looking to lose weight as well as maintaining muscle mass . As well as a high protein blend, Diet Whey from PHD also contains barley starch as a source of healthy complex carbs.
If you want to make sure you get the most out of your diet whey protein, here’s how:
If you would like to find out more about PHD Diet Whey, visit DynamicSportsNurtrition.co.uk today.
Related », pack in the protein with proats, sports nutrition & running, improving your physical strength, four convenient supplements, leave a response ».
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I am looking to burn fat and gain muscle during my sports off season. I gym about 3 times a week, and take PHD diet whey.
I have one in the morning and one after going to the gym in the evening.
When is the best time to take another shake on non-gym days?
I don't understand why all the answers saying timing doesn't matter are being downvoted.
There is no link between time of protein ingestion in relation to working out that has any substantial effect. Please see this paper.
You drink protein shake to complement your protein intake, regardless of training days or times, unless you are very experienced timing doesn't really matter.
I think that you are absolutely on the right track as far as when you are taking them on your workout days.
As far as non workout days go, the best thing to do, IMO, is to have one in the morning within a half hour of waking up and if you want a second one, go for it. I honestly don't think the timing is that important. You really need to listen to what your body wants if you are craving more food. DO you want carbs, sugar, etc... There are healthy foods that will solve those needs. If your body wants protein have another shake. I don't think that you will be getting full benefits from a nutritional shake just by taking it because you think you need to. They are best in the morning and after working out.
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John a. batsis.
a Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, and the Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, 5017 Old Clinic Building, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
b Dartmouth-Hitchcock, Geisel School of Medicine, and The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy Dartmouth College, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH
d Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutirtion Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street Boston, MA 02111
c Department of Kinesiology, University of New Hampshire, New Hampshire Hall, 124 Main Street, Durham, NH 03824
Tiffany driesse, dawna pidgeon, roger fielding.
STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP
Background & aims:.
Weight loss in older adults enhances physical function, but may lead to sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Whey protein is a low cost rich source of essential amino acids, may improve physical function. We evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of consuming whey protein in the context of a weight-loss intervention in older adults with obesity.
A 12-week pilot feasibility, non-randomized weight loss study of 28 older adults was conducted, consisting of individualized, weekly dietitian visits with twice weekly physical therapist-led group strengthening classes. Half consumed whey protein, three times weekly, following exercise. Preliminary efficacy measures of body composition, sit-to-stand, 6-minute walk and grip strength and subjective measures of self-reported health and function were also evaluated.
Of the 37 enrolled, 28 completed the study (50% in the protein group). Attendance rates for protein vs. non-protein groups were 89.9±11.1% vs. 95.6±3.4% (p=0.08). Protein consumption was high in those attending classes (90.3%) as was compliance at home (82.6%). Whey was pleasant (67.3±22.1, range 30-100, above average), had little aftertaste, and was neither salty or sticky. All were compliant (0.64±0.84, range 0-5, low = higher compliance). Both groups lost significant weight (protein vs. no protein, −3.45±2.86 vs. −5.79±3.08, p=0.47); Sit-to-stand, six-minute walk, and gait speed were no different, grip strength was improved in the protein compared to the non-protein group (−2.63 kg vs. 4.29 kg; p<0.001).
Our results suggest that whey protein is a low-cost and readily available nutritional supplement that can be integrated into a weight loss intervention.
The growing obesity epidemic affects over 40% of adults 65 years and older[ 1 ], and is associated with a higher risk of institutionalization[ 2 ], mortality[ 3 ], and costs[ 4 ]. Health promotion interventions in older adults, including weight loss, can enhance physical function and quality of life[ 5 ], but should be guided cautiously to prevent sarcopenia and osteoporosis[ 6 ] particularly in vulnerable older adults[ 7 ]. Energy deficits created by caloric reduction can lead to a downregulation of muscle protein synthesis and an increase in muscle proteolysis. This can contribute to reduced skeletal muscle mass which consequently may affect strength[ 8 ]. Sarcopenia developed during weight loss can threaten physical function and long-term health[ 9 ] but may be partially mitigated by increasing protein intake with a supplement. Additional protein may restore optimal anabolic signaling in aging.[ 10 , 11 ] In addition, there may be an improvement in muscle parameters during resistance training.[ 12 ] through increased muscle protein synthesis.[ 13 ]
Whey protein, a milk-derived protein, contains essential amino acids and high quantities of branched-chain amino acids.[ 14 ] As a fast-acting protein, whey can stimulate post-prandial muscle protein synthesis more efficiently through faster digestion and quicker absorption[ 15 ] compared to casein or soy.[ 14 ] Increasing daily protein intake has been recommended for older adults, and may mitigate sarcopenia during weight-loss efforts in older adults.[ 16 ] Protein supplementation has been purported to enhance muscle mass and strength within the context of weight loss interventions.[ 17 ] It has been hypothesized that this may indeed improve physical function and preserve changes in body composition in behavior-based obesity treatments.[ 18 ]
Whey supplementation comes in tablet, liquid, or powder-based formulations. Older adults often are prescribed supplementation during unintentional weight loss or following an acute illness.[ 19 ] Palatability of supplementation is a key driver of compliance.[ 20 ] Hence, it is critical that the supplement within the context of a weight loss intervention is feasible, tolerable, and patient’s exhibit compliance prior to a large-scale clinical trial. Only then can the effectiveness of high-dose whey protein (>20g) be evaluated whether it can attenuate muscle catabolism. Our objective was: a) to ascertain the feasibility of providing whey protein supplementation during a 12-week weight loss intervention in older adults with obesity; b) determine the acceptability of consuming the supplement; and c) evaluate in an exploratory manner whether there were preliminary signals of efficacy between our comparison groups. This information can provide preliminary data prior to investing resources in conducting a large-scale trial evaluating the efficacy of such a supplement on changes in body composition or physical function observed with weight loss.
Study design and setting.
We conducted a non-randomized study of older adults with obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m 2 ) residing in rural Northern New England. Dartmouth-Hitchcock is an academic medical center located on the New Hampshire and Vermont border, serving >1.5 million patients yearly. Study activities took place at a community-based aging center serving older adults. The study was approved by the Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects at Dartmouth College, the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Institutional Review Board, and the Institutional Review Board at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and registered on clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT#03104192 ). Informed consent was obtained for experimentation with human subjects.
A series of studies consisted of 6-8 participants at each time were conducted over an 18-month period. Briefly, each set of participants received a 12-week, on-site, diet and exercise intervention consisting of individual, weekly, 30-minute registered dietitian nutrition sessions, and twice-weekly, 75-minute physical therapist-based group exercise sessions based on the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine.[ 21 ] An individualized program consisting of resistance, flexibility and balance exercise plans were developed as previously described [ 22 , 23 ]. All participants were provided a wearable fitness device (Fitbit Flex 2) and a Samsung Galaxy Tab A tablet to permit remote monitoring of their aerobic activity. Participants were evaluated weekly as to whether they completed a third session of resistance exercises weekly.
Participants were recruited from both primary care clinics and community settings as previously described.[ 22 ] Adults aged ≥ 65 years with a BMI ≥ 30kg/m 2 were eligible, but excluded if there was an electronic medical record diagnosis of dementia, uncontrolled psychiatric illness, bariatric surgery, life-threatening or end-of-life illness, participation in other weight-loss endeavors, on obesogenic medications, advanced systemic illness, or an intentional weight loss of ≥5% in the past six months. Information was also obtained from self-reported survey questionnaires. Participants required a score of ≥3 on the Callahan Cognitive questionnaire[ 24 ], and scores of ≥71.2 and ≥56.4 on the Functional Status questionnaire for basic and instrumental activities of daily living[ 25 ]. All 37 participants consented were compensated $25 for each assessment completed, of which 28 completed the intervention.
Half of the participants (n=14) were asked to consume one serving of a whey-protein based supplement (Thorne Whey Protein Isolate, Thorne Research, Dover, ID), consisting of a choice of 27g (vanilla) or 29g (chocolate) of whey, three times per week after each exercise session. The manufacturer’s label indicated 2.2g of leucine per serving. Two servings were consumed under direct supervision by the physical therapists during the in-person sessions, while the third dose was self-administered at home. The powder was constituted in 8 oz of water and consumed within 30 min of their exercise session. Participants were provided the protein on-site from the same flavored container; each was given an individual protein container for home use. Compliance was monitored using a self-report diary. No sham protein was provided to the non-protein group. The research team conducted an analysis using mass spectroscopy of the total protein and amino acid composition of all samples (MToZ-biolabs, Boston, MA). A standard protocol evaluated a branch chain amino acid analysis. [ 14 , 26 ]
Our primary outcome was the feasibility and acceptability of whey protein consumption in the whey protein group. Drink characteristics of the whey supplement were rated on a 100-mm visual analogue scale[ 27 ], with anchors placed at 0 mm (not at all) and 100mm (extremely/extreme). Select questions from the Moriskey Medication Adherence Scale[ 28 ] scale were rated on a 0-5 Likert scale (low to high). Semi-structured interviews were related to the protein supplement and conducted by the lead author and coded independently by members of the team (See Supplementary Appendix #1 ). The purpose of these interviews was to gain insights into the consumption of the protein as part of this intervention.
Preliminary efficacy measures were based on physical function, weight and body composition measures using subjective and objective measures. Weight was measured using an A+D scale; height was assessed using a stadiometer. BMI was calculated using Quetelet’s formula. Waist circumference was measured at the level of the iliac crest using a standard tape measure. Physical function measures included gait speed, 5-times sit-to-stand test, and 6-minute walk test. A 5-m course permitted assessment of gait speed, with an acceleration/deceleration component. Three trials of grip strength in each had was measured using a JAMAR dynamometer. The maximum strength was used in the analysis. A 5-times sit-to-stand test was conducted using a standard chair with a back. Participants performed the test with their arms folded and their buttocks hitting the chair on each repetition. Surveys were administered using RedCAP with data double verified. The Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global short form 10 function (physical and mental health) and the Function component of the Late-life Function and Disability Instrument were also posed to participants as in our previous studies[ 22 , 23 ].
Body composition, including percent body and visceral fat, was assessed using the Seca mBCA bioelectrical impedance analyzer (Hamburg, Germany). This eight-point method uses a flow of low alternating current. Participants’ physical activity level (on 5 levels) was entered and they then stood barefoot for 20 seconds holding the hand electrodes. Appendicular lean mass (ALM) was defined as the sum of the upper and lower extremities and then normalized for both BMI and height (m 2 ).
A priori , we defined successful retention as a dropout rate <20%, and attendance rate of >75% of sessions as acceptable. Continuous variables are presented as means (standard deviation) or counts (percent). Paired t-tests compared pre/post characteristics within groups. We compared the pre-post change in each metric between participants in the whey protein group vs. the non-whey group using an unpaired t-test with unequal variances for continuous values, or chi-square for categorical variables. We used a mixed effects model clustering on the individual to examine the impact that protein supplementation had on the change in each metric of interest as an outcome while adjusting for baseline grip strength. The analysis was based on complete case ascertainment. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted adjusting for baseline grip strength. All quantitative analyses were conducted using R v3.6 ( www.R-project.org ). Interviews were transcribed using a commercial transcription service. Transcripts were read and open coding was conducted, a process of labeling portions of text to identify ideas and concepts. Codes were inductively- and deductively evaluated. A query tool retrieved text by code, which were reviewed for content, relevance and prevalence of themes. Qualitative data from the semi-structured interviews were evaluated using Dedoose . A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
There were 37 participants enrolled in both arms with 28 completing the study ( Table 1 ). Other than smoking status, there were no differences in demographics between the protein vs. non-protein groups. In the protein (whey) group, our completion rate was 14/17 (82.4%). Mean attendance rates were 89.9±11.1% vs. 95.6±3.4% (p=0.08), in the protein vs. non-protein groups. Protein consumption was high in those attending classes (90.3%) as was self-report compliance of whey at home (82.6%). Eleven participants consumed chocolate whey and 6 chose vanilla whey. Mean total protein (g) in each serving was no different (9.51±1.41 vs. 9.94±0.75, p=0.70), and mean leucine concentration between chocolate and vanilla was statistically different (2.49±0.29 vs. 2.25±0.07, p=0.02). Table 2 highlights the questions on drink characteristics scale. The reconstituted whey drink was pleasant (67.3±22.1, range 30-100, interpretation of above average), had little aftertaste, and was neither salty, creamy thick, sticky or fruity. Participants exhibited good compliance with consuming the drink at home as they rated forgetting to take their whey at home as low (0.64±0.84, range 0-5, low to high). The protein was not perceived as an inconvenience to consume (0.57±1.16).
Study Participant Characteristics
Protein (N=14) | No Protein (N=14) | p value | |
---|---|---|---|
72.9 (4.4) | 73.0 (6.3) | 0.94 | |
12 (85.7) | 11 (78.6) | 0.62 | |
14 (100.0) | 14 (100.0) | 1.00 | |
Single | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Married | 4 (28.6) | 10 (71.4) | |
Divorced | 9 (64.3) | 3 (21.4) | |
Widowed | 1 (7.1) | 1 (7.1) | |
0.44 | |||
Medicare | 14 (100.0) | 14 (100.0) | |
Private insurance | 8 (57.1) | 10 (71.4) | |
0.005 | |||
Non-smoker | 6 (42.9) | 13 (92.9) | |
Former smoker | 8 (57.1) | 1 (7.1) | |
0.12 | |||
High school | 2 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
Some college | 5 (35.7) | 3 (21.4) | |
College degree | 3 (21.4) | 5 (35.7) | |
Post-college degree | 4 (28.6) | 6 (42.9) | |
0.54 | |||
None | 6 (42.9) | 7 (50.0) | |
1 to 5 | 7 (50.0) | 6 (42.9) | |
6 to 10 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (7.1) | |
11 to 15 | 1 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
0.42 | |||
Less than $25,000 | 2 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
$25,000 to $49,999 | 9 (64.3) | 9 (64.3) | |
$50,000 to $74,999 | 1 (7.1) | 3 (21.4) | |
$75,000 to $99,999 | 1 (7.1) | 1 (7.1) | |
$100,000 or more | 1 (7.1) | 1 (7.1) | |
Anxiety | 2 (14.3) | 1 (7.1) | 0.55 |
Coronary artery disease | 1 (7.1) | 2 (14.3) | 0.55 |
COPD | 1 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.32 |
Depression | 3 (21.4) | 3 (21.4) | 1.00 |
Diabetes | 3 (21.4) | 2 (14.3) | 0.63 |
Fibromyalgia | 0 (0.0) | 1 (7.1) | 0.32 |
High cholesterol | 5 (35.7) | 4 (28.6) | 0.69 |
Hypertension | 7 (50.0) | 7 (50.0) | 1.00 |
Non skin cancer | 1 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.32 |
Osteoarthritis | 6 (42.9) | 6 (42.9) | 1.00 |
Rheumatologic disease | 1 (7.1) | 1 (7.1) | 1.00 |
Sleep apnea | 2 (14.3) | 4 (28.6) | 0.37 |
All variables are represented as mean (standard deviation) or counts (percent)
Abbreviations: BMI – body mass index; COPD – Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Monteyne Whey Characteristics Scale
N = 14 | Mean (SD) | Range | Range of Responses | Interpretation |
---|---|---|---|---|
How pleasant was the drink | 67.3 (22.1) | 30.0 - 100.0 | Not at all, Extreme | Above Average |
How much after taste did the drink have | 37.3 (24.1) | 4.0 - 83.0 | None, a lot | Not much |
How salty was the drink | 11.0 (15.3) | 0.0 - 54.0 | Not at all, Extreme | Little |
How creamy was the drink | 29.1 (24.3) | 0.0 - 85.0 | Not at all, Extreme | Little |
How thick was the drink | 26.9 (22.8) | 0.0 - 75.0 | Not at all, Extreme | Little |
How sticky was the drink | 17.5 (17.7) | 0.0 - 49.0 | Not at all, Extreme | Little |
How fruity was the drink | 7.4 (10.2) | 0.0 - 25.0 | Not at all, Extreme | Little |
How refreshing was the drink | 38.0 (26.3) | 0.0 - 78.0 | Not at all, Extreme | Little |
All values represented indicate mean (standard deviation), range, and the range of responses. The last column represents the interpretation of the scoring.
Key qualitative themes are represented in Table 3 . Participants did not have any pre-conceived expectations of the suitability of the protein supplement and were unsure whether the protein helped them. It tasted better than expected and would consider using it again. All participants believed protein was critical in weight management and in preserving muscle. Reportedly, participants stated they consumed the whey on their non-person days as a result of their commitment to the study.
Select Quotations of The Whey Protein Supplement
Domain/ Theme | Representative Quote |
---|---|
"Yes, it did because I used to take them on and off before and it does fill me up and when I'm on the run, it works out great." | |
"I kind of thought maybe they would help. I wanted to see, and see if I noticed any difference. But of course it's hard to tell when you're increasing your exercise and doing other things, what's really helping. But it didn't hurt me any." | |
"I thought it was great, the flavor of both. I had chocolate but I had tried the vanilla, they were both good. As long as it's cold and well-mixed I didn't find a problem with it whatsoever." | |
"At first, I thought it tasted horrible. But then, I also discovered that you have to stir it quite a bit to get it so you don't have those little lumpy things. But once you got used to remembering that you had to take it each time after you exercise, it was okay." | |
| "I think some of them are helpful. In particular, when I wasn't eating as well as I am now. I think they were good, to make up for things that I wasn't getting. |
"Well I know that it's extremely important and it tells in the individual diet how much protein we should get per day. I've truly stuck with the plan too and done everything I should." |
Table 4 reflects that both groups lost a significant amount of weight over time (protein vs. no protein, −3.45±2.86 vs. −5.79±3.08, p=0.47); however, those in the protein group lost less weight. No differences were observed in waist circumference. Neither group lost significant appendicular lean mass. In protein participants, there were no changes in body or visceral fat mass; between groups, this was statistically different. While both groups improved their sit-to-stand times, six-minute walk, and gait speed, grip strength was significantly improved in those consuming whey as compared to the non-protein group (−2.63 kg vs. 4.29 kg; p<0.001). Pre/post subjective measures of health and function improved in both groups, but no different from each other. We found minimal differences after adjusting for baseline grip strength.
Preliminary Efficacy of Functional and Body Composition Changes
Protein (n=14) | No Protein (n=14) | Group | Adjusted | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Week 12 | Difference | p value | Baseline | Week 12 | Difference | p value | p-value | p-value | |
Weight, kg | 98.0 (21.9) | 94.6 (22.3) | −3.45 (2.86) | <0.001 | 98.7 (16.4) | 92.9 (16.9) | −5.79 (3.08) | <0.001 | 0.047 | 0.047 |
Body Mass Index, kg/m | 37.6 (6.9) | 36.3 (7.1) | −1.36 (1.09) | <0.001 | 36.6 (5.5) | 34.5 (5.9) | −2.15 (1.18) | <0.001 | 0.075 | 0.08 |
Waist circumference, cm | 124.3 (45.9) | 109.5 (14.5) | −14.8 (45.5) | 0.25 | 115.8 (10.4) | 109.3 (10.3) | −6.45 (6.25) | 0.002 | 0.030 | 0.03 |
Waist to hip ratio | 0.88 (0.08) | 0.89 (0.07) | 0.02 (0.07) | 0.42 | 0.92 (0.08) | 0.92 (0.06) | −0.00 (0.04) | 0.86 | 0.44 | 0.23 |
Appendicular lean mass, kg | 12.4 (4.2) | 12.1 (4.0) | −0.35 (0.64) | 0.06 | 13.3 (2.8) | 13.1 (2.9) | −0.17 (0.57) | 0.30 | 0.44 | 0.44 |
Appendicular lean mass:height, kg/m | 4.69 (1.18) | 4.57 (1.13) | −0.13 (0.24) | 0.06 | 4.91 (0.87) | 4.85 (0.88) | −0.06 (0.22) | 0.30 | 0.47 | 0.46 |
Percent body fat, % | 50.4 (5.1) | 50.0 (5.0) | −0.46 (2.07) | 0.42 | 46.9 (6.20) | 45.0 (7.0) | −1.94 (1.62) | <0.001 | 0.046 | 0.045 |
Visceral Fat Mass, mL | 3.99 (1.90) | 3.96 (2.13) | −0.02 (0.81) | 0.92 | 4.68 (1.55) | 3.66 (1.51) | −1.02 (0.98) | 0.002 | 0.007 | 0.007 |
Sit to stand, seconds | 10.39 (2.59) | 7.78 (1.98) | −2.61 (2.18) | <0.001 | 9.14 (3.01) | 7.63 (2.42) | −1.51 (1.72) | 0.006 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
Grip strength, kg | 17.9 (6.0) | 22.2 (6.8) | 4.29 (3.43) | <0.001 | 25.0 (8.7) | 22.4 (7.7) | −2.63 (5.16) | 0.08 | <0.001 | - |
6-minute Walk Test, m | 374.5 (89.8) | 418.7 (74.5) | 31.8 (27.8) | 0.001 | 437.2 (79.7) | 476.5 (93.3) | 39.3 (51.6) | 0.01 | 0.65 | 0.71 |
Gait speed, m/s | 0.99 (0.23) | 1.04 (0.27) | 0.05 (0.21) | 0.37 | 1.28 (0.15) | 1.38 (0.20) | 0.10 (0.15) | 0.03 | 0.54 | 0.53 |
PROMIS | ||||||||||
Mental | 49.3 (8.8) | 53.4 (9.4) | 3.48 (5.20) | 0.03 | 49.6 (8.6) | 56.0 (8.2) | 6.41 (5.88) | 0.001 | 0.18 | 0.20 |
Physical | 46.6 (6.3) | 49.3 (7.5) | 2.27 (3.62) | 0.04 | 50.8 (6.0) | 57.2 (5.9) | 6.44 (5.29) | <0.001 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
Late-Life Function & Disability Index | ||||||||||
Total function score | 59.4 (5.6) | 62.1 (5.7) | 2.72 (2.98) | 0.005 | 62.9 (9.9) | 69.0 (11.8) | 6.13 (8.38) | 0.02 | 0.17 | 0.16 |
Upper extremity domain score | 79.5 (9.0) | 79.4 (11.3) | −0.13 (6.78) | 0.95 | 79.7 (12.6) | 83.3 (11.7) | 3.57 (11.98) | 0.28 | 0.33 | 0.32 |
Basic lower extremity domain score | 74.0 (13.3) | 77.7 (11.0) | 3.74 (10.73) | 0.22 | 75.4 (14.4) | 83.1 (15.0) | 7.72 (9.73) | 0.01 | 0.31 | 0.31 |
All values represented are means (Standard deviations). Baseline and week 12 aggregate scores are represented with the intra-group differences (and corresponding p-values using a paired t-test). Group p-value represents the differences between Protein and non-Protein groups.
Abbreviations: PROMIS: Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information Systems.
This study evaluating whey protein supplementation demonstrated its feasibility and acceptability. Using quantitative and qualitative data, we confirmed in a sample of 14 participants, that this supplement can be integrated in future health service interventions. Importantly, we also demonstrated preliminary efficacy of physical function measures.
Our data provides formative information to set the stage for a future trial. First, we had minimal number of dropouts in our protein cohort; this suggests that the supplement would not impact our approach and that interventionists could potentially focus on delivering a weight loss intervention rather than focusing on its palatability. Hence, we feel confident that we can proceed with a larger scale trial. Second, we have documented patient acceptability using standardized scales. Third, while whey protein supplementation physiologically is suggestive of maintaining muscle mass and strength in older adults, our results demonstrate a maintenance of appendicular lean mass. These findings approximated those found by others; however, whey was administered in exercise-only studies (following exercise) but had a higher protein dose (40g/day)[ 29 ] or only on exercise days[ 30 ] (e.g, three times weekly). Fourth, the added caloric intake from whey protein may blunt the degree of weight loss; it is unclear whether protein impacts satiety or meal consumption. Such findings need to be confirmed in larger scale studies.
A major concern at the beginning of the study was whether protein supplementation would be acceptable to participants. Our results suggest excellent compliance and tolerability which is similar to what was observed by others[ 27 , 31 ]. Palatability is a key component for any type of intervention in that unpalatable items will lead to non-compliance. Our quantitative data also confirmed the quantitative findings. We believe that future studies should be generally confident of its acceptability.
Previous studies have demonstrated that multicomponent interventions consisting of caloric restriction and resistance/aerobic exercises have led to significant weight loss.[ 32 , 33 ] The addition of whey protein in our study led to less weight loss and minimal changes in body or visceral fat. A number of reasons could explain these findings. First, the duration of treatment was short. Studies whose duration is three months have shown fewer changes in body composition[ 34 ]. Other studies last up to six months that demonstrated maintained muscle mass with accompanied improvements in muscle protein synthesis and muscle quality in the vastis lateralis[ 35 ], or reductions in intramuscular fat.[ 36 ] Second, it is unclear whether the functional status of our study population may have impacted our results. While we did not specifically incorporate the Short Physical Performance Battery as an outcome measure, our participants had a rather high level of physical function. Other authors have evaluated the impact of protein supplementation on higher risk, and more functionally impaired participants[ 37 , 38 ]; yet these authors found conflicting findings on physical function using protein. Yet, our findings did not change after adjusting for baseline grip strength. Third, this was a pilot study that was not powered to evaluate the effect of our efficacy outcomes, and only a fully powered randomized controlled trial could evaluate such. Last, while not a randomized trial, our results also corroborated a study demonstrating the limited impact of protein consumption with exercise.[ 39 ]
Our intervention findings did not find any significant changes between groups over time between protein vs. non-protein groups on key measures of 5-times sit-to-stand, 6-minute walk and gait speed. The protein group had improvements in grip strength, but this was not evident in the non-protein group. The minimal differences in body composition between remained, even after we conducted a sensitivity analysis adjusted for baseline grip strength. These results suggest that the increase in strength at follow-up may be due more to gains in neuromuscular function as a result of the upper body exercises. Another possibility may have been the small statistically significant differences observed in leucine composition (0.24 g) amongst the different flavors provided; whether this is clinically significant is unclear. Importantly, other amino acids may have contributed to the differences in overall protein composition, but future studies are needed to confirm such findings. While we adhered to the Office of Dietary Supplement Product Integrity guide, the protein composition is standardized to what is available commercially. A recent systematic review and perspective statement by the Obesity Society in fact highlighted product integrity concerns among the manufacturer’s claims [ 40 , 41 ]. Our findings may also provide additional insights in the timing of protein supplementation since we provided this following exercise. Whether consumption at other times and/or with increased amount, concentration and/or frequency require further examination.
In our study, we increased the protein allowance to 1.0–1.5 g/kg/day or a minimum of 20% of total caloric intake.[ 19 ] Older adults are at risk of developing anabolic resistance due to reduced post-prandial amino acid availability, muscle perfusion, and uptake, and digestive capacity from splanchnic sequestration of amino acids[ 20 ]. The lower degree of weight loss in the whey group suggested that caloric restriction may need to be even further limited than previously expected, despite structured meal plans and instructions to reduce caloric (mainly fat) intake on the days that they consumed the supplement.
This study had a number of limitations. First, it was non-randomized. While we compared the baseline characteristics of the two cohorts, unknown confounders may impact our primary and secondary outcomes. Second, this was a small study of 14 participants in each cohorts. Only larger, adequately powered studies could better evaluate efficacy of protein supplementation. Third, our cohort was homogeneous and the effects of protein supplementation may differ depending on ethnic and racial cohorts. Fourth, while we used commercially available standardized methods to evaluate the protein composition as a quality control measure, we did find some differences in leucine composition. Last, the study failed to evaluate perceived strength or measure lower extremity strength; hence, we were unable to mitigate the discrepancy between observed and subjective changes in strength itself. Since supplements are not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration, we could consider the protein itself as a pragmatic, commercially available product, and understand that there may be limitations in its response or action.
Strategies to optimize protein anabolism during weight loss are needed to prevent negative changes in body composition[ 5 , 6 ]. Our findings provide feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effectiveness data to conduct a large scale, adequately powered, randomized controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of a whey protein supplement within the context of a weight loss intervention in older adults. In such a trial, we would need to better oversee caloric restriction in the protein supplement group, extend the duration of the trial, and consider varying the protein supplement administration. If caloric intake was truly an issue, varying the administration schedule (e.g., twice weekly), timing (before exercise vs. after exercise), or amount (1/2 a serving vs. a full serving) could be considered. Importantly, whey did not have a negative impact on any of our subjective functional measures, nor on appendicular lean mass. Furthermore, emerging data suggests that lean mass is less important than loss of muscle strength and hence our findings confirm this potential finding.
Acknowledgements.
The authors would like to thank the staff at the Dartmouth Center for Health and Aging for their administrative support through the study.
Dr. Batsis’ research reported in this publication was supported in part by the National Institute on Aging and Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number K23AG051681 and R01AG067416. Support was also provided by the Dartmouth Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research Center supported by Cooperative Agreement Number from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the The Dartmouth Clinical and Translational Science Institute, under award number UL1TR001086 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Dr. Fielding was supported by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), under agreement No. 58-1950-4-003 and the Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (1P30AG031679). Dr. Batsis holds equity in SynchroHealth LLC. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. Mr. Petersen is supported by the Burroughs-Wellcome Fund: Big Data in the Life Sciences at Dartmouth.
BMI | body mass index |
PROMIS | Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System |
There are no conflicts of interest pertaining to this manuscript
Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Flexibility and personalization boost adherance to diet.
Participants on a self-directed dietary education program who had the greatest success at losing weight across a 25-month period consumed greater amounts of protein and fiber, a study found. Personalization and flexibility also were key in creating plans that dieters could adhere to over time.
At the one-year mark, successful dieters (41% of participants) had lost 12.9% of their body weight, compared with the remainder of the study sample, who lost slightly more than 2% of their starting weight, according to a paper on the study published in Obesity Science and Practice.
The dieters were participants in the Individualized Diet Improvement Program, which uses data visualization tools and intensive dietary education sessions to increase dieters' knowledge of key nutrients, enabling them to create a personalized, safe and effective weight-loss plan, said Manabu T. Nakamura, a professor of nutrition at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and the leader of the research.
"Flexibility and personalization are key in creating programs that optimize dieters' success at losing weight and keeping it off," Nakamura said. "Sustainable dietary change, which varies from person to person, must be achieved to maintain a healthy weight. The iDip approach allows participants to experiment with various dietary iterations, and the knowledge and skills they develop while losing weight serve as the foundation for sustainable maintenance."
The pillars of iDip are increasing protein and fiber consumption along with consuming 1,500 calories or less daily.
Based on the dietary guidelines issued by the Institutes of Medicine, the iDip team created a one-of-a-kind, two-dimensional quantitative data visualization tool that plots foods' protein and fiber densities per calorie and provides a target range for each meal. Starting with foods they habitually ate, the dieters created an individualized plan, increasing their protein intake to about 80 grams and their fiber intake to about 20 grams daily.
In tracking the participants' eating habits and their weights with Wi-Fi enabled scales, the team found strong inverse correlations between the percentages of fiber and protein eaten and dieters' weight loss.
"The research strongly suggests that increasing protein and fiber intake while simultaneously reducing calories is required to optimize the safety and efficacy of weight loss diets," said first author and U. of I. alumna Mindy H. Lee, a then-graduate student and registered dietitian-nutritionist for the iDip program.
Nakamura said the preservation of lean mass is very important while losing weight, especially when using weight-loss drugs.
"Recently, the popularity of injectable weight loss medications has been increasing," Nakamura said. "However, using these medications when food intake is strongly limited will cause serious side effects of muscle and bone loss unless protein intake is increased during weight loss."
A total of 22 people who enrolled in the program completed it, including nine men and 13 women. Most of the dieters were between the ages of 30-64. Participants reported they had made two or more prior attempts to lose weight. They also had a variety of comorbidities -- 54% had high cholesterol, 50% had skeletal problems and 36% had hypertension and/or sleep apnea. Additionally, the dieters reported diagnoses of diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cancer and depression, according to the study.
The seven dieters who reported they had been diagnosed with depression lost significantly less weight -- about 2.4% of their starting weight compared with those without depression, who lost 8.39% of their initial weight. The team found that weight loss did not differ significantly among participants with other comorbidities, or between younger and older participants or between men and women.
Body composition analysis indicated that dieters maintained their lean body mass, losing an average of 7.1 kilograms of fat mass and minimal muscle mass at the six-month interval. Among those who lost greater than 5% of their starting weight, 78% of the weight they lost was fat, according to the study.
Overall, the participants reduced their fat mass from an average of 42.6 kilograms at the beginning of the program to 35.7 kilograms at the 15-month mark. Likewise, the dieters reduced their waists by about 7 centimeters at six months and by a total of 9 centimeters at 15 months, the team found.
In tracking dieters' protein and fiber intake, the team found a strong correlation between protein and fiber consumption and weight loss at three months and 12 months.
"The strong correlation suggests that participants who were able to develop sustainable dietary changes within the first three months kept losing weight in the subsequent months, whereas those who had difficulty implementing sustainable dietary patterns early on rarely succeeded in changing their diet in the later months," Nakamura said.
The team hypothesized that this correlation could also have been associated with some dieters' early weight loss success, which may have bolstered their motivation and adherence to their program.
The project was funded by the U. S. Department of Agriculture's National Institute of Food and Agriculture, and the National Institute of Health's National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering.
The study's co-authors, all at the U. of I., were: Dr. Jennie Hsu, a clinical professor of nutritional sciences and internist with the Carle Illinois College of Medicine; professor emeritus of nutrition and food science John W. Erdman Jr.; medical student Annabelle Shaffer; Catherine C. Applegate, a postdoctoral research associate at the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology; and then-graduate student Nouf W. Alfouzan.
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Materials provided by University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, News Bureau . Original written by Sharita Forrest. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
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Participants on a self-directed dietary education program who had the greatest success at losing weight across a 25-month period consumed greater amounts of protein and fiber, a study found. Personalization and flexibility also were key in creating plans that dieters could adhere to over time.
At the one-year mark, successful dieters (41% of participants) had lost 12.9% of their body weight, compared with the remainder of the study sample, who lost slightly more than 2% of their starting weight, according to a paper on the study published in Obesity Science and Practice .
The dieters were participants in the Individualized Diet Improvement Program, which uses data visualization tools and intensive dietary education sessions to increase dieters' knowledge of key nutrients, enabling them to create a personalized, safe and effective weight-loss plan, said Manabu T. Nakamura, a professor of nutrition at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and the leader of the research.
"Flexibility and personalization are key in creating programs that optimize dieters' success at losing weight and keeping it off," Nakamura said. "Sustainable dietary change, which varies from person to person, must be achieved to maintain a healthy weight. The iDip approach allows participants to experiment with various dietary iterations, and the knowledge and skills they develop while losing weight serve as the foundation for sustainable maintenance."
The pillars of iDip are increasing protein and fiber consumption along with consuming 1,500 calories or less daily.
Based on the dietary guidelines issued by the Institutes of Medicine, the iDip team created a one-of-a-kind, two-dimensional quantitative data visualization tool that plots foods' protein and fiber densities per calorie and provides a target range for each meal. Starting with foods they habitually ate, the dieters created an individualized plan, increasing their protein intake to about 80 grams and their fiber intake to about 20 grams daily.
In tracking the participants' eating habits and their weights with Wi-Fi-enabled scales, the team found strong inverse correlations between the percentages of fiber and protein eaten and dieters' weight loss.
"The research strongly suggests that increasing protein and fiber intake while simultaneously reducing calories is required to optimize the safety and efficacy of weight loss diets," said first author and U. of I. alumna Mindy H. Lee, a then-graduate student and registered dietitian-nutritionist for the iDip program.
Nakamura said the preservation of lean mass is very important while losing weight, especially when using weight-loss drugs.
"Recently, the popularity of injectable weight loss medications has been increasing," Nakamura said. "However, using these medications when food intake is strongly limited will cause serious side effects of muscle and bone loss unless protein intake is increased during weight loss."
A total of 22 people who enrolled in the program completed it, including nine men and 13 women. Most of the dieters were between the ages of 30–64. Participants reported they had made two or more prior attempts to lose weight. They also had a variety of comorbidities—54% had high cholesterol, 50% had skeletal problems and 36% had hypertension and/or sleep apnea. Additionally, the dieters reported diagnoses of diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cancer and depression, according to the study.
The seven dieters who reported they had been diagnosed with depression lost significantly less weight—about 2.4% of their starting weight compared with those without depression, who lost 8.39% of their initial weight. The team found that weight loss did not differ significantly among participants with other comorbidities, or between younger and older participants or between men and women.
Body composition analysis indicated that dieters maintained their lean body mass , losing an average of 7.1 kilograms of fat mass and minimal muscle mass at the six-month interval. Among those who lost greater than 5% of their starting weight, 78% of the weight they lost was fat, according to the study.
Overall, the participants reduced their fat mass from an average of 42.6 kilograms at the beginning of the program to 35.7 kilograms at the 15-month mark. Likewise, the dieters reduced their waists by about 7 centimeters at six months and by a total of 9 centimeters at 15 months, the team found.
In tracking dieters' protein and fiber intake, the team found a strong correlation between protein and fiber consumption and weight loss at three months and 12 months.
"The strong correlation suggests that participants who were able to develop sustainable dietary changes within the first three months kept losing weight in the subsequent months, whereas those who had difficulty implementing sustainable dietary patterns early on rarely succeeded in changing their diet in the later months," Nakamura said.
The team hypothesized that this correlation could also have been associated with some dieters ' early weight loss success, which may have bolstered their motivation and adherence to their program.
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Home › Health & Medical News › Weight Loss News
By StudyFinds Staff
Reviewed by Chris Melore
Research led by Manabu Nakamura, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Aug 20, 2024
(Credit: Panji Dwi Risantoro/Shutterstock)
CHAMPAIGN, Ill. — What’s the secret to losing weight? Researchers at the University of Illinois believe the key is eating more protein and fiber, not less. Their novel dietary weight loss program shows promising results for some participants. However, it also highlights the challenges of sustainable weight loss.
The program, called the Individualized Diet Improvement Program (iDip), aims to help people lose weight by teaching them to make informed food choices rather than following strict diets or relying on pre-packaged meals. Along with focusing on protein and fiber, dieters also need to balance one other component — limiting their overall calories .
The study, published in the journal Obesity Science & Practice , followed 22 participants over the course of a year. While the average weight loss was modest at about 6.5% of initial body weight, the results varied dramatically between individuals. Some participants achieved impressive weight loss of nearly 13% on average, while others lost little to no weight at all .
What sets this program apart is its focus on educating participants about nutrition and helping them develop skills to create their own personalized weight loss plans. Instead of prescribing a one-size-fits-all approach, iDip uses innovative tools to help people understand the nutritional content of foods and make better choices.
“Flexibility and personalization are key in creating programs that optimize dieters’ success at losing weight and keeping it off,” says Manabu Nakamura, a professor of nutrition at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and the leader of the research, in a media release. “Sustainable dietary change, which varies from person to person, must be achieved to maintain a healthy weight . The iDip approach allows participants to experiment with various dietary iterations, and the knowledge and skills they develop while losing weight serve as the foundation for sustainable maintenance.”
One key feature is the “Protein-Fiber plot,” a visual tool that displays the protein and fiber content of foods relative to their calories. This allows participants to easily compare different food options and choose those that are more nutritionally dense. The program also emphasizes increasing protein and fiber intake while reducing overall calories, a strategy backed by research for preserving muscle mass during weight loss.
“The research strongly suggests that increasing protein and fiber intake while simultaneously reducing calories is required to optimize the safety and efficacy of weight loss diets,” reports first author and U. of I. alumna Mindy H. Lee, a then-graduate student and registered dietitian-nutritionist for the iDip program.
Another unique aspect is the use of a weekly weight chart based on daily weigh-ins rather than calorie counting. This helps participants visualize their progress and monitor their energy balance without the tedious task of logging every meal.
The study’s findings suggest that successful weight loss is closely tied to how well participants were able to implement the dietary changes taught in the program. Those who increased their protein and fiber intake relative to calories tended to lose more weight. Interestingly, weight loss in the first three months was strongly predictive of long-term success, highlighting the importance of early progress.
Nakamura adds that preserving lean mass is critical while losing weight, especially when using weight-loss drugs such as Ozempic . Simply put, keep eating your protein and fiber because these medications should not be taken on an empty stomach.
“Recently, the popularity of injectable weight loss medications has been increasing,” Nakamura concludes. “However, using these medications when food intake is strongly limited will cause serious side effects of muscle and bone loss unless protein intake is increased during weight loss.”
While the program showed promise for some, the wide variation in results underscores the complex nature of weight loss. Factors like depression, which was associated with less weight loss in this study, may play a role in outcomes. The researchers hope to refine the program based on these findings to improve its effectiveness for a broader range of people.
Methodology.
The study enrolled 30 participants with a body mass index (BMI) of 25 or higher. Over the course of a year, participants attended 19 educational sessions and three individual advising meetings. They learned about nutrition, how to use the Protein-Fiber plot and strategies for making healthier food choices. Participants weighed themselves daily using Wi-Fi-enabled scales and submitted food records periodically. Body composition was measured at the beginning, middle, and end of the study.
Of the 22 participants who completed the program, 9 achieved clinically significant weight loss of more than 5% of their initial body weight. These successful participants lost an average of 12.9% of their body weight, primarily from fat mass. The remaining 13 participants lost an average of only 2% of their body weight. Higher protein and fiber intake relative to calories was associated with greater weight loss throughout the study.
The study had a small sample size and lacked a control group, making it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. The wide variation in results also limits the program’s reliability as a weight loss treatment. Additionally, the study only followed participants for one year, so the long-term sustainability of the weight loss is unknown.
The iDip program shows potential as an alternative to traditional diets, especially for those who are able to successfully implement the dietary changes. The focus on education and personalization may help some people develop lasting healthy eating habits.
However, the varied results suggest that additional factors, such as mental health and individual circumstances, play a significant role in weight loss success. Future iterations of the program may need to address these factors to improve outcomes for a wider range of participants.
The study was funded by grants from the United States Department of Agriculture’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture and the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
About StudyFinds Staff
StudyFinds sets out to find new research that speaks to mass audiences — without all the scientific jargon. The stories we publish are digestible, summarized versions of research that are intended to inform the reader as well as stir civil, educated debate. StudyFinds Staff articles are AI assisted, but always thoroughly reviewed and edited by a Study Finds staff member. Read our AI Policy for more information.
StudyFinds publishes digestible, agenda-free, transparent research summaries that are intended to inform the reader as well as stir civil, educated debate. We do not agree nor disagree with any of the studies we post, rather, we encourage our readers to debate the veracity of the findings themselves. All articles published on StudyFinds are vetted by our editors prior to publication and include links back to the source or corresponding journal article, if possible.
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PhD Diet Whey is a protein supplement meant to help consumers achieve weight loss goals and gain lean muscles. It is a low-carb meal replacement that can be used as a replacement meal as well as a snack option to help lose extra fat and maintain a healthy lifestyle.
PhD Diet Whey is a protein supplement that can be used as part of a calorie-controlled diet to support weight loss and muscle gain. It is recommended to consume one serving of PhD Diet Whey (25g) mixed with 175-225ml of water or milk, 2-3 times per day.
Product Description. WHAT IS DIET WHEY.PhD Diet Whey: the original and ideal diet whey on the market. Our delicious Diet Whey combines protein, which is ideal for building and maintaining lean muscle and keeping satiated for longer, with fat burning ingredients such as carnitine, CLA and green tea to support any fat loss lean muscle goals.THE BENEFITS OF DIET WHEYDiet Whey delivers a multitude ...
PhD Diet Whey. PhD Diet Whey is a high protein, low carb, low calorie protein shake that assists fat loss. PhD Diet Whey has been & still is the market leading product of its kind.. Offering 12 exceptional flavours you are spoilt for choice with PhD Diet Whey protein powder.. PhD Diet Whey can be used by both men and women who are either targeting fat loss or looking to maintain a lean ...
AID WEIGHT LOSS Adding a whey protein powder to your diet can support your weight loss journey in some pretty key ways! By boosting the production of appetite suppressing hormones, whey protein can help you to feel fuller for longer. ... SHOP PHD WHEY PROTEIN Whether you're looking for a quick and easy snack, a protein powder that supports ...
The PhD Diet Whey is one of the leading high protein, low sugar, diet and slimming formulas for weight control. Diet Whey Contains Whey Protein: Derived from milk and high in amino acids such as Cysteine and Glutamine, Whey Protein Concentrate is typically comprised of various protein fractions (such as Beta Lactoglobulin) that are being regularly researched and studied for their potential ...
The latest product from PhD Nutrition is a meal replacement formula called Diet Whey Lean MRP. It is essentially a light meal supplement featuring a little more protein than carbohydrates, with the "Lean" part of its name coming from its inclusion of the weight loss ingredients carnitine and match tea. Formula
Enhanced Fat Loss: Contains flaxseeds, CLA, L-carnitine, and green tea extract; ideal for those striving to keep body fat low while building or preserving lean muscle mass ... Our PhD Diet Whey is perfect for men and women following a whey-based diet and looking to increase or maintain muscle mass as well as strength as part of good-intensity ...
Shop PhD Diet Whey Powder Vanilla at Holland & Barrett. PhD is one of the industry leading, high protein, low sugar, diet and slimming formulas for weight control. With a wide range of ingredients used in a variety of weight loss formulas, PhD Diet Whey is ideal for men and women following a weight management nutritional plan and looking to lose body fat and control calorie intake.
It is a supplement and that means you must have a healthy eating plan in place. Include 5-a-day of fruit and veg and ensure you have protein, the right amount of carbs, fibre and all the essential vitamins in your diet. Use whey post workout - the protein is designed to be absorbed quickly by your body and the best time for this to happen is ...
I think that you are absolutely on the right track as far as when you are taking them on your workout days. As far as non workout days go, the best thing to do, IMO, is to have one in the morning within a half hour of waking up and if you want a second one, go for it. I honestly don't think the timing is that important.
PhD Diet Whey is the original and best diet protein on the market. Our delicious whey protein powder combines protein, which is ideal for building and maintaining lean muscle whilst keeping you satiated for longer, with fat burning ingredients such as L-carnitine, CLA and green tea extract to support your fat loss and lean muscle goals.
Weight loss in older adults enhances physical function, but may lead to sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Whey protein is a low cost rich source of essential amino acids, may improve physical function. We evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of consuming whey protein in the context of a weight-loss intervention in older adults with obesity.
Successful dietary changes correlate with weight‐loss outcomes in a new dietary weight‐loss program. Obesity Science & Practice , 2024; 10 (3) DOI: 10.1002/osp4.764
(A) Percentage weight lost over the course of 1 year. Participants are grouped by the weight loss of >5% (n = 9) and 5% (n = 13) at 12 months.Mean of all participants, the successful group ...
The great news is that protein can definitely help you to lose more weight, and have an easier time sticking to your diet plan. As a macronutrient, protein is best-known for its role in building and maintaining muscle mass. Not many people think about how important protein is during a diet phase, when the focus is on losing body fat and getting ...
The program, called the Individualized Diet Improvement Program (iDip), aims to help people lose weight by teaching them to make informed food choices rather than following strict diets or relying on pre-packaged meals. ... While the average weight loss was modest at about 6.5% of initial body weight, the results varied dramatically between ...
Burn Pre-Workout is a performance-enhancing, fat-burning blend designed to fuel your workout. It boosts your energy levels and targets fat whilst protecting hard earned muscle tissue. BOOST OF ACETYL L-CARNITINE, YERBA MATE, CLA and CAFFEINE. ADDED L-GLUTAMINE and BCAAs. IDEAL A PART OF A FAT LOSS PLAN. AVAILABLE IN 2 DELICIOUS FLAVOURS.