cie a level economics model essays

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Economics: Model Essays Paperback – September 1, 2022

• Print length 312 pages
• Language English
• Publisher Scola Books
• Publication date September 1, 2022
• Grade level 4 - 6
• ISBN-10 9675492783
• ISBN-13 978-9675492785
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• Publisher ‏ : ‎ Scola Books; Second Edition,New edition,Second (September 1, 2022)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• Paperback ‏ : ‎ 312 pages
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 9675492783
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-9675492785
• Grade level ‏ : ‎ 4 - 6
• Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.5 pounds
• #5,458 in Children's Money & Saving Reference (Books)

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Economics Model Essays

Model Essays (Second Edition)

Economics: Model Essays is the 2nd edition best-selling revision guide that helps students gain a strong grade in the essay component of the 2023–2025 Cambridge International AS & A Level Economics (9708) examination paper.

This title is available as an e-book. To purchase, visit your preferred e-book provider.

• Description
• Authors' Profiles

This book contains over 50 new model essays covering each syllabus unit to aid understanding on how to effectively approach essay questions. Each model essay is accompanied by an essay outline that presents a clear essay structure comprising an Introduction, Body and Conclusion.

In addition to various tips, conceptual diagrams on basic economics concepts are also included in the book to give an overall insight into each subject topic.

This book is suitable for students taking Paper 2 and Paper 4 of the Cambridge International AS & A Level Economics (9708).

Acknowledgements

Introduction

How to use this book

      AS Level

1 Basic Economic Ideas and Resource Allocation

2 The Price System and the Microeconomy

3 Government Microeconomic Intervention

4 The Macroeconomy

5 Government Macroeconomic Intervention

6 International Economic Issues

      A2 Level

7 The Price System and the Microeconomy

8 Government Microeconomic Intervention

9 The Macroeconomy

10 Government Macroeconomic Intervention

11 International Economic Issues

Wong Wai Leong is an Economics lecturer at Sunway College, Malaysia with more than 25 years of teaching experience. His students have won Cambridge Top in the World and Top in Malaysia awards in A Level Economics.

Ngew Shook Ying has taught IGCSE and A Level Economics for 10 years. She is currently an examiner for Cambridge Assessment International Education.

Nedumaran Munusamy has 15 years of teaching experience in A Level Economics. He is currently a Senior Lecturer and Head of the A Level Economics department at Sunway College, Malaysia.

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• 978-967-5492-78-5 (Paperback)
• 978-967-5492-88-4 (E-book)

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Cambridge International AS & A Level Economics: Model Essays

Publisher,Gerak Budaya Publication Date, September 1, 2022 Format, Paperback Weight, 420 g No. of Pages, 312

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Economics: Model Essays is tailored to prepare students for Paper 2 and Paper 4 of the 2019-2021 Cambridge International AS & A Level Economics (9708) examination. The model essays are specially written as answers to selected past year questions, and are supported with essay outlines and notes on how students can successfully compose convincing essays.

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• Economics : Model Essays (Second Edition) Authors: Wong Wai Leong , Ngew Shook Ying , Nedumaran Munusamy
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Programmes & Qualifications

Cambridge international as & a level economics (9708).

• Syllabus overview

Students learn how to explain and analyse economic issues and arguments, evaluate economic information, and organise, present and communicate ideas and judgements clearly.

The syllabus covers a range of fundamental economic ideas, including an introduction to the price system and government intervention, international trade and exchange rates, the measurement of employment and inflation, and the causes and consequences of inflation. Students also study the theory of the firm, market failure, macroeconomic theory and policy, and economic growth and development.

The syllabus year refers to the year in which the examination will be taken.

• -->2023-2025 Syllabus update (PDF, 139KB)
• -->2026 - 2028 Syllabus (PDF, 707KB)

Syllabus updates

We revise our qualifications regularly to make sure that they continue to meet the needs of learners, schools and higher education institutions around the world and reflect current thinking. In response to teacher feedback, we have rebalanced the division of content between Cambridge International AS & A Level. We have considered the relevance of topics to real-life situations, as well as increasing the focus on international and global issues such as climate change. Please see the 2023-2025 syllabus document for full details on the changes.

What are the main changes to the syllabus?

• clarified the subject content structure, with six main topics at Cambridge International AS Level and five at A Level, including a new topic on ‘International economic issues’
• refreshed and updated the subject content, adding and removing some sub-topics
• moved content from Cambridge International AS Level to Cambridge International A Level and vice versa
• reduced the number of assessment objectives and broadened the descriptions to make them more accessible.

What are the main changes to the assessment?

• We have added a new Section C to Papers 2 and 4. Section B is a microeconomics essay and Section C is a macroeconomics essay. Learners answer one question in each section.
• Paper 2 and Paper 4 exam durations are now two hours each.

When do these changes take place?

The updated syllabus is for examination from June 2023 onwards. Examinations are available in March 2023 for India only. Please see the 2023-2025 syllabus above for full details.

We are developing a comprehensive range of materials to help you teach the updated syllabus. These resources will be available from June 2021 onwards (before first teaching) through our School Support Hub and include:

• Scheme of work
• Learner guide
• Example Candidate Responses (after first examination).

Face-to-face and online training will be available. For up-to-date information, visit our Events and training calendar .

Endorsed resources

Cambridge International AS & A Level Economics (Second edition) (Hodder Education)

Build strong subject knowledge and skills and an international outlook with expert author guidance and in-depth coverage of the revised Cambridge International AS & A Level Economics syllabus (9708). 

Read more on the Hodder Education website

Economics for Cambridge International AS & A Level (Fourth edition) (Cambridge University Press)

Introduce students to the world of economics and apply their studies to real-life scenarios with global and local case studies. Also includes bridging content between Cambridge IGCSE and International AS & A Level, plus preparing for assessment guidance.

Read more on the Cambridge University Press website

Important notices

For some subjects, we publish grade descriptions to help understand the level of performance candidates’ grades represent.

We paused the publication of grade descriptions in response to the Covid-19 pandemic and the temporary changes to the awarding standard in 2020, 2021 and 2022.

As the awarding standard has now returned to the pre-pandemic standard, we are working to produce up-to-date grade descriptions for most of our general qualifications. These will be based on the awarding standards in place from June 2023 onwards.

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CIE A Level Economics: Past Papers

Browse our range of Cambridge (CIE) A Level Economics Past Papers and Mark Schemes below. Testing yourself with A Level Economics past papers is a great way to identify which topics need more revision, so you can ensure that you are revising as effectively as possible to help you get ready for your A Level Economics exam.

Visit all of our Cambridge (CIE) A Level Past Papers here .

AS and A level Economics Past Papers

Complete as and a level economics past papers.

Through the Cambridge International AS and A Level Economics syllabus, learners study how to explain and analyse economic issues and arguments, evaluate economic information, and organise, present and communicate ideas and judgements clearly.

The syllabus covers a range of basic economic ideas, including an introduction to the price system and government intervention, international trade and exchange rates, the measurement of employment and inflation, and the causes and consequences of inflation. Learners also study the price system, the theory of the firm, market failure, macroeconomic theory and policy, and economic growth and development.

Economics – 9708 – AS and A level – Syllabus & Specimen Papers

Economics – 9708 – AS and A level – 2001

Economics – 9708 – AS and A level – 2002

Economics – 9708 – AS and A level – 2003

Economics – 9708 – AS and A level – 2004

Economics – 9708 – AS and A level – 2005

Economics – 9708 – AS and A level – 2006

Economics – 9708 – AS and A level – 2007

Economics – 9708 – AS and A level – 2008

Economics – 9708 – AS and A level – 2009

Economics – 9708 – AS and A level – 2010

Economics – 9708 – AS and A level – 2011

Economics – 9708 – AS and A level – 2012

Economics – 9708 – AS and A level – 2013

Economics – 9708 – AS and A level – 2014

Economics – 9708 – AS and A level – 2015

Economics – 9708 – AS and A level – 2016

Economics – 9708 – AS and A level – 2017

Economics – 9708 – AS and A level – 2018

Economics – 9708 – AS and A level – 2019

Tips for writing economics essays

Some tips for writing economics essays  Includes how to answer the question, including right diagrams and evaluation – primarily designed for A Level students.

1. Understand the question

Make sure you understand the essential point of the question. If appropriate, you could try and rephrase the question into a simpler version.

For example:

Q. Examine the macroeconomic implications of a significant fall in UK House prices, combined with a simultaneous loosening of Monetary Policy.

In plain English.

• Discuss the effect of falling house prices on the economy
• Discuss the effect of falling interest rates (loose monetary policy) on economy

In effect, there are two distinct parts to this question. It is a valid response, to deal with each separately, before considering both together.

It helps to keep reminding yourself of the question as you answer. Sometimes candidates start off well, but towards the end forget what the question was. Bear in mind, failure to answer the question can lead to a very low mark.

2. Write in simple sentences

For clarity of thought, it is usually best for students to write short sentences. The main thing is to avoid combining too many ideas into one sentence. If you write in short sentences, it may sound a little stilted; but it is worth remembering that there are no extra marks for a Shakespearian grasp of English. (at least in Economics Exams)

Look at this response to a question:

Q. What is the impact of higher interest rates?

Higher interest rates increase the cost of borrowing. As a result, those with mortgages will have lower disposable income. Also, consumers have less incentive to borrow and spend on credit cards. Therefore consumption will be lower. This fall in consumption will cause a fall in Aggregate Demand and therefore lead to lower economic growth. A fall in AD will also reduce inflation.

I could have combined 1 or 2 sentences together, but here I wanted to show that short sentences can aid clarity of thought. Nothing is wasted in the above example.

Simple sentences help you to focus on one thing at once, which is another important tip.

3. Answer the question

Quite frequently, when marking economic essays, you see a candidate who has a reasonable knowledge of economics, but unfortunately does not answer the question. Therefore, as a result, they can get zero for a question. It may seem harsh, but if you don’t answer the question, the examiner can’t give any marks.

At the end of each paragraph you can ask yourself; how does this paragraph answer the question? If necessary, you can write a one-sentence summary, which directly answers the question. Don’t wait until the end of the essay to realise you have answered a different question.

Discuss the impact of Euro membership on UK fiscal and monetary policy?

Most students will have revised a question on: “The benefits and costs of the Euro. Therefore, as soon as they see the Euro in the title, they put down all their notes on the benefits and costs of the Euro. However, this question is quite specific; it only wishes to know the impact on fiscal and monetary policy.

The “joke” goes, put 10 economists in a room and you will get 11 different answers. Why? you may ask. The nature of economics is that quite often there is no “right” answer. It is important that we always consider other points of view, and discuss various different, potential outcomes. This is what we mean by evaluation.

Macro-evaluation

• Depends on the state of the economy – full capacity or recession?
• Time lags – it may take 18 months for interest rates to have an effect
• Depends on other variables in the economy . Higher investment could be offset by fall in consumer spending.
• The significance of factors . A fall in exports to the US is only a small proportion of UK AD. However, a recession in Europe is more significant because 50% of UK exports go to EU.
• Consider the impact on all macroeconomic objectives . For example, higher interest rates may reduce inflation, but what about economic growth, unemployment, current account and balance of payments?
• Consider both the supply and demand side . For example, expansionary fiscal policy can help to reduce demand-deficient unemployment, however, it will be ineffective in solving demand-side unemployment (e.g. structural unemployment)

Example question :

The effect of raising interest rates will reduce consumer spending.

• However , if confidence is high, higher interest rates may not actually discourage consumer spending.

If the economy is close to full capacity a rise in interest rates may reduce inflation but not reduce growth. (AD falls from AD1 to AD2)

• However , if there is already a slowdown in the economy, rising interest rates may cause a recession. (AD3 to AD3)

Micro-evaluation

1. The impact depends on elasticity of demand

In both diagrams, we place the same tax on the good, causing supply to shift to the left.

• When demand is price inelastic, the tax causes only a small fall in demand.
• If demand is price elastic, the tax causes a bigger percentage fall in demand.

2. Time lag

In the short term, demand for petrol is likely to be price inelastic. However, over time, consumers may find alternatives, e.g. they buy electric cars. In the short-term, investment will not increase capacity, but over time, it may help to increase a firms profitability. Time lags.

3. Depends on market structure

If markets are competitive, then we can expect prices to remain low. However, if a firm has monopoly power, then we can expect higher prices.

4. Depends on business objectives

If a firm is seeking to maximise profits, we can expect prices to rise. However, if a firm is seeking to maximise market share, it may seek to cut prices – even if it means less profit.

5. Behavioural economics

In economics, we usually assume individuals are rational and seeking to maximise their utility. However, in the real world, people are subject to bias and may not meet expectations of classical economic theory. For example, the present-bias suggest consumers will give much higher weighting to present levels of happiness and ignore future costs. This may explain over-consumption of demerit goods and under-consumption of merit goods. See: behavioural economics

Exam tips for economics – Comprehensive e-book guide for just £5

9 thoughts on “Tips for writing economics essays”

I really want to know the difference between discussion questions and analysis questions and how to answer them in a correct way to get good credit in Economics

Analysis just involves one sided answers while Discussion questions involve using two points of view

This is a great lesson learnd by me

how can I actually manage my time

The evaluation points in this article are really useful! The thing I struggle with is analysis and application. I have all the knowledge and I have learnt the evaluation points like J-curve analysis and marshall learner condition, but my chains of reasoning are not good enough. I will try the shorter sentences recommended in this article.

What kind of method for costing analysis is most suitable for a craft brewery, in order to analyze the cost of production of different types of beer_

Really useful!Especially for the CIE exam papers

Does anyone know how to evaluate in those advantages/disadvantages essay questions where you would basically analyse the benefits of something and then evaluate? Struggling because wouldn’t the evaluation just be the disadvantages ?? Like how would you evaluate without just stating the disadvantage?

This is an excellent source of adbvise

Leave a comment Cancel reply

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Cambridge International AS and A Level Economics (9708) Ebooks

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AS & A Level Cambridge International AS and A Level Economics (9708) Ebooks

Cambridge International AS and A Level Economics (9708)

Through the Cambridge International AS and A Level Economics syllabus, learners study how to explain and analyse economic issues and arguments, evaluate economic information, and organise, present and communicate ideas and judgements clearly. 

The syllabus covers a range of basic economic ideas, including an introduction to the price system and government intervention, international trade and exchange rates, the measurement of employment and inflation, and the causes and consequences of inflation. Learners also study the price system, the theory of the firm, market failure, macroeconomic theory and policy, and economic growth and development.

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If you don’t want to mess around here between notes, slides, ebooks etc and just want to have past papers of Cambridge International AS and A Level Economics. Check out :Cambridge International AS and A Level Economics Past Papers. PastPapers.Co only has past papers available to give you clean and smooth experience for browsing past papers.  To know even further details about Cambridge International AS and A Level Economics, Click Here . 

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In a recent paper: Towards Effective AI Support for Developers: A Survey of Desires and Concerns , researchers from Microsoft explore developers’ perspectives on AI integration in their workflows. This study reveals developers’ top desires for AI assistance along with their major concerns. The findings of this comprehensive survey among 791 Microsoft developers help the researchers identify key areas where AI can enhance productivity and how to address developers’ concerns. The findings provide actionable insights for product teams and leaders to create AI tools that truly support developers’ needs.

SuperBench: Improving Cloud AI Infrastructure Reliability with Proactive Validation

Cloud service providers have used geographical redundancies in hardware to ensure availability of their cloud infrastructure for years. However, for AI workloads, these redundancies can inadvertently lead to hidden degradation, also known as “gray failure.” This can reduce end-to-end performance and conceal performance issues, which complicates root cause analysis for failures and regressions.

In a recent paper: SuperBench: Improving Cloud AI Infrastructure Reliability with Proactive Validation (opens in new tab) , Microsoft researchers and Azure cloud engineers introduce a proactive validation system specifically for AI infrastructure that mitigates hidden degradation caused by hardware redundancies . The paper, which won a “best paper” award at USENIX ATC (opens in new tab) , outlines SuperBench’s comprehensive benchmark suite, capable of evaluating individual hardware components and representing most real AI workloads. It includes a validator, which learns benchmark criteria to clearly pinpoint defective components, and a selector, which balances validation time and issue-related penalties, enabling optimal timing for validation execution with a tailored subset of benchmarks. Testbed evaluation and simulation show SuperBench can increase the mean time between incidents by up to 22.61x. SuperBench has been successfully deployed in Azure production, validating hundreds of thousands of GPUs over the last two years.

Virtual Voices: Exploring Individual Differences in Written and Verbal Participation in Meetings

A key component of team performance is participation among group members. Workplace meetings provide a common stage for such participation. But with the shift to remote work, many meetings are conducted virtually. In such meetings, chat offers an alternate avenue of participation, in which attendees can synchronously contribute to the conversation through writing.

In a recent paper: Virtual Voices: Exploring Individual Differences in Written and Verbal Participation in Meetings (opens in new tab) , researchers from Microsoft and external colleagues explore factors influencing participation in virtual meetings, drawing on individual differences (status characteristics theory), psychological safety perceptions, and group communication. Results of the paper, published in the Journal of Vocational Behavior (opens in new tab) , reveal gender (self-identified) and job level nuances. Women engaged more in chat, while men verbally participated more frequently, as measured using meeting telemetry. Further, men highest in job level verbally contributed the most in virtual meetings, whereas women highest in job level use the chat the most frequently. Regarding type of chats sent, women use emoji reactions more often than men, and men send more attachments than women. Additionally, results revealed psychological safety moderated the relationship between job level and overall chat participation, such that employees low in job level with high perceptions of psychological safety sent more chats than their counterparts. This study provides insights into communication patterns and the impact of psychological safety on participation in technology-mediated spaces. 

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