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Essay on Biodiversity

List of short and long essays on biodiversity, biodiversity essay for kids and school students, essay on biodiversity – essay 1 (150 words), essay on biodiversity: types, importance and conclusion – essay 2 (250 words), essay on biodiversity: with threats and importance – essay 3 (300 words), essay on biodiversity: introduction, importance, decline and steps – essay 4 (400 words), essay on biodiversity – essay 5 (500 words), biodiversity essay for competitive exam and upsc civil services exam, essay on biodiversity: with conclusion – essay 6 (600 words), essay on biodiversity: facts, importance and preservation – essay 7 (750 words), essay on biodiversity in india – essay 8 (1000 words).

Introduction:

Biodiversity also known as biological diversity is the variables that exist among several species living in the ecosystem. These living organisms include marine, terrestrial and aquatic life. Biodiversity aims to understand the positions these organisms occupy in the broader ecosystem.

Importance of Biodiversity:

When there is biodiversity in our ecosystem it translates to a greener environment. This is because plant life thrives in a balanced ecosystem. This invariably affects humans as we consume plants for our survival. Also, a healthy ecosystem can help to reduce the risk of diseases and the way we respond to them.

Increasing Biodiversity:

Some changes could be encouraged to improve biodiversity in our environment.

Some of them are:

1. Stopping penetration of invasive alien species.

2. Using sustainable agricultural methods.

3. Having protected areas for spices to thrive.

4. Having an organic maintenance culture for fertilizers.

Conclusion:

To make the world a safe place for all organisms, we must maintain good health in all the ecosystems. This is the benefit of paying attention to biodiversity.

Diversity is the hallmark of nature. Things exist in different forms which creates diversity. Biodiversity is a significant and desirable variation in plant and animal existence on the surface of the earth. The variation exists due to genetics, species and the ecosystem or the habitat. Biodiversity is an important aspect in the world because it enables the survival and sustainability of living things on earth.

Types of Biodiversity:

The variation in living things has resulted in different types of biodiversity depending on the certain variables. Genetic diversity is due to the genetic components shared by living organisms. The species that have similar genes diverge and they develop differently thus creating biodiversity. Species diversity occurs when a habitat comprises different kinds of living things. Ecological diversity is through the interaction of living things that share common sources of energy in an ecosystem which contributes to biodiversity.

The existence of living things in an ecosystem and the functioning of the ecosystem contribute to the relevance of biodiversity in nature. Through biodiversity, living organisms are able to acquire food and other important resources to sustain their lives. The climate and environmental changes are regulated because of biodiversity. The culture is enriched through biodiversity as it involves existence of several groups of species and people in one environment.

All the three types of biodiversity are important to the existence of living organisms. The ecosystem is the hallmark of diversity because it helps to sustain the lives of diverse living things.

Biodiversity is the variability or the diversity of the different species of life forms. The planet earth is habitat for a wide variety of flora and fauna like plants, animals and other life forms.

What is Biodiversity?

Biodiversity or Biological diversity refers to the variety and variability of living beings on planet earth and it is the degree of variation of life. It represents the wealth of biological assets available on earth and encompasses microorganism, plants, animals and ecosystems such as coral reefs, forests, rainforests, deserts etc.

Threats to Biodiversity:

The growing population, industrialization, technology, etc., all are impacting biodiversity. The increased human activities have been reducing the natural area for plants, animals and other living things. A number of plants and animals have gone extinct because of increased deforestation and other factors. Growing pollution, causing global warming and climate change, is a big threat to biodiversity. The decline in biodiversity would in turn lead to imbalance in the ecosystem and would become a threat to the human race as well as other living organisms.

Different plants and animals are dependent on others to live and keep the natural surroundings in a balanced state. For example, human beings are dependent on various plants and animals for their food, shelter, safety, clothes etc. Similarly, every living species is dependent on some other species. It is, therefore, important to preserve biodiversity in our planet in order to maintain the ecological balance.

Protecting Biodiversity:

As we know, the biodiversity loss is a serious threat for human race, we all should work for maintaining biodiversity, and find out solutions to reduce the biodiversity decline. Since, air pollution and deforestation are major threats to biodiversity, these are the first things that need to be controlled. Government should frame stricter laws and organizations should sensitize people to be concerned about it and contribute their bit.

Biodiversity, also referred to as the biological diversity refers to the diversified form of plants and animals that exists in our planet . It also denotes each and every aspect of the ecosystem such as micro-organisms, coral reefs, rainforests, deserts, forests etc.,

A good balance in biodiversity supports human race and humans on the other hand must ensure to save biodiversity. This essay is going to talk about the importance of biodiversity and the role of human beings in safeguarding the ecosystem.

There are more than 300,000 species of flora that has been identified and there should be many more unidentified varieties. Similarly there must be infinite variety of other species in our Earth and these together form a perfect natural protection for the human race. Biodiversity supports human race in different ways.

Few of them are listed below:

1. Some of the species capture and stores energy and releases it back in the atmosphere for human consumption.

2. Some biological species help in decomposing organic materials and thus acts as a natural recycling agent.

3. Plants and trees help in reducing pollution and maintain the purity of atmospheric air.

4. It is from the biological resources that humans receive food and shelter.

5. The astonishing beauty of biodiversity is the base for tourism industry to flourish.

Decline in Biodiversity:

The Earth’s biodiversity is undergoing a severe decline and this is a great threat to the human race. There are several factors that lead to the decline in biological species, the most significant one being the behavior of human beings.

1. Human beings destroy forests to build houses and offices. Through deforestation humans are actually destroying the natural habitat of many plants and animals.

2. All new scientific inventions are causing harm to the environment. We cannot even find some species of birds today because of the increase in noise pollution.

3. Global warming is another reason for the decline in biodiversity. Some species require specific climate to survive and when the climatic conditions change continuously these species either migrate or become extinct. Decline in the number of coral reefs are a perfect example.

Steps to Be Taken:

The Government and different voluntary organizations must act upon immediately to create awareness among people on environmental issues and its consequences. It is also the responsibility of every common man to save mother Earth by maintaining a rich biodiversity .

If proper care is not taken, the biodiversity of Earth may become extinct one day and if it happens then, humans have to find another planet to live. It’s better to act now before it gets too late.

Biodiversity can be said to mean the extreme importance of a very wide variety of animals and plants that are resident on the planet earth or in a particular habitat. It is very necessary to maintain the level of biodiversity on the earth so that the environmental harmony can be balanced. Biological diversity is another name for biodiversity and is widely the variability or diversity of all the different species of animals and plants on this planet. Having a very high biodiversity is extremely essential to help maintain the surroundings in a state of harmony. Biodiversity can be loosely defined as a variety of fauna and flora that are available in a specific habitat or the planet earth. Biodiversity is largely originated from the terms – species diversity and species richness.

Biodiversity is mainly a united view of the biological varieties. A lot of other words and terms have been at one time or another used to explain diversity. Some of these terms include taxonomic diversity (this comes from a species diversity point of view), ecological diversity (this comes from an ecosystem diversity point of view), morphological diversity (this comes from a genetic diversity point of view) and functional diversity (this comes from the point of view of the functions of the species). Biodiversity gives quite a uniform view of the above discussed biological varieties.

Biological diversity is quite important because its helps maintain the ecological balance in a system. Different animals and plants depend on one another to fulfill all of their needs. For example, we human beings depend on various animals and plants for our clothes, shelter and food. Other species also do the same and depend on a variety of other species to sustain them and provide them with the basics. Biodiversity and its beautiful richness ensure that the earth is fit enough for the survival of each and every one of the organism living on the earth. However, the ever increasing pollution is negatively affecting biodiversity. Quite a lot of animals and plants have gone into extinction as a result of this pollution and a lot more are going to become extinct if proper care is not taken and the pollution of the environment continues to exponentially and this would cause a sharp decline in the biodiversity.

We human beings have to understand how important the maintenance of the immensely rich biodiversity is. Smokes from vehicles causes a high rate of air pollution and this causes harm to a lot of species. The level of pollution in the atmosphere has to be put under control. Water bodies like seas, oceans and rivers are polluted by the release of industrial wastes into the. These wastes are very harmful to the marine organism and life in the water bodies. There is therefore a need to try as much as possible to dispose industrial wastes through other means and methods that do not harm the environment. The industrial wastes can be primarily treated before being disposed into the water properly and safely.

When you are a biology student biodiversity is one of the most important words you can learn. Not only that but it also becomes your lives calling to maintain it. But let’s not get ahead of ourselves before we can understand why it is important, we need to understand what it is.

This term refers to the many different life forms that inhabit the earth at this moment, this includes bacteria, plants, animals and humans and it also refers to their shared environment. Life has manifested itself in many different forms we do not know why exactly but we are certain that they all exist and depend on each other for survival.

Why is biodiversity important?

The answer to this question is more important than just simply stating what biodiversity is. My personal experience as a student has thought me that I learn best when I have an example so I will give you an example of the importance of biodiversity.

The famous Yellowstone Park is a natural reserve and national park but before it was declared as such it was just another forest that man wanted to hunt in. The geographical region had many wolfs inhabiting its plains, for generations they were hunted until they became extinct in the region. After a while, the coyotes began to reproduce as they hade more space and they started hunting the small mammals, which lead to a decrease in the population of eagles in the area but the most significant change came because of the deer. After fifty years of no wolfs in the park the number of roe deer rose and since they had no natural predators, they no longer feared open grasslands. That’s when they started grazing extensively which depleted the grass on the shore of the Yellow stone river and this, in turn, made the soil loos. The river began to take away a lot of soil and to deposit it in other places flooding certain areas while at the same time causing droughts to happen in other places.

Biologists came to the park with a wish to restore its wolf population and after a decade of planning and working they restored one pack to the park. The pack soon made the deer go back to the forest so they could be harder to hunt, the coyote’s population dropped because they couldn’t compete with the wolf, that led to the increase of small rodents which let to the return of carnivores’ grate birds. But above all the grazing on the river edge stopped and after a few years, the Yellowstone river returned to its natural flow.

This story is completely true and I love to use it as an example of the importance of maintaining biodiversity. There are many regions in the world that have similar problems and if we do not do our best to conserve biodiversity, we could be looking at similar or even worst natural catastrophes.

People tend to mass produce and they do this with most things. They will destroy a forest of many thousands of life forms to make a plantation with one single plant, the same is true of animal farming. With our need to be productive all the time we lose sight of the small things that make the system function as whole. Even though an insignificant thing as a bug or a wolf pack might seem the least important for our daily lives once we take them out of the picture, we see that the balance and wealth biodiversity gives to the planet is not something that can be easily compensated.

The genetic, species and ecosystem variability of flora and fauna on earth are known as Biodiversity. For painting what exactly is Biodiversity, we need a large canvas beyond imagination. Such is the volume of the subject. But, the actual meaning and terms are still not clear.

Keeping it very simple and to the point, the term ‘Biodiversity’ comprises of two words. The first word is Bio, and the other one is Diversity. Bio means the forms of life and Diversity means mixture or variety. So, when both the words combine they form a definition like this ‘Biodiversity means various and mixed forms of life on earth.’ The variety of life forms on earth includes plants and animals and their natural habitat.

Facts about Biodiversity:

Digging into the term ‘Biodiversity’ more generously makes us realize that we have over 10,000 species of birds on earth. The amazing number blows everyone’s mind. Insects have a different counting, and their species are in millions. Plants are also a part of this biological system, and hence there are more than 20,000 species of plants.

Even after so many species of plants, animals and insects have specified there are still over millions of species which are not known by anyone. These species cannot be counted under any head as they don’t pursue an identity. The actual picture says that earth is home to almost 50 million species or even more than that. These facts do not conclude the point because one or the other day there may be many new species evolving.

Biodiversity is essential for survival. The importance of Biodiversity not only related to plants, animals and natural habitat. But it also provides us so many natural products such as fibre and timber and the fresh water to carry out our daily lives. Therefore we need to understand the importance of Biodiversity.

1.   The natural and organic resources:

In the happiness of living our lives, we often forget that Biodiversity is a part of nature. We should protect it no matter whatever be the limitations. Mother Nature has provided us with enough resources which are the Biological Resources. These include wood, medicines, food, etc., which are direct blessings of Biological System or by-product of the Biological Systems. Herbs and plants play a vital role in producing medicines. They may get their final touch from the pharmaceutical companies, but the original source is plants which are again a part of Biodiversity.

2. Biodiversity provides fibres:

It is important to know that wool, jute, palms, etc., use to produce various types of fibres after processing which are again part of the Biological Systems. So, if biodiversity does not persist how people will have access to these fibres? Flax plants use for the production of linen, which is extensively using for making clothes. Similarly, Corchorus plants and Agave plants are using for the production of Jute and sisal respectively. These fibres are no doubt essential for the cloth industry. Therefore it becomes our duty to maintain the Biodiversity.

3. Powerful benefits of Biodiversity:

People may not be aware of the importance, but there are many spiritual benefits of biodiversity. Our folk dances, mythology, and history have a deep link with the Biodiversity in one or the other way. Everyone enjoys or experience the Biodiversity in a different format. Biological diversity also contributes to attracting tourists, especially flora and fauna, which is a rare phenomenon in cities. Therefore it is our ethical duty to preserve Biodiversity.

Preserve Biodiversity:

There are different ways in which we can preserve our Biological environment. Biodiversity should be protected by following these ways.

i. People should stop the process of hunting and poaching the animals. They are a part of Biodiversity.

ii. Protection of endangered species and their surroundings.

iii. We need to curb pollution for protecting Biodiversity.

iv. The explosive growth of population is a threat to Biodiversity. So, to maintain the biological balance, we need to have the population growth under control. Otherwise, people will be exploiting natural resources unethically for survival.

All steps must be taken to protect biodiversity. Things may seem difficult in the initial stages but practicing them will lead to genuine results. Creating awareness on environmental issues and the negative impact of the loss of biodiversity will let people understand the inevitable need for biodiversity conservation.

It is our responsibility to protect the endangered species of plant and animals. If one wants to reach their destination, then it is imperative to take the first step. Without taking a step forward, things will never change on their own. To make a better tomorrow, we need to take steps for preserving our very own Biodiversity.

Biodiversity is a term used to refer the different forms of life on the Earth. It also includes the variety of species in the ecosystem. There is an uneven distribution of the biodiversity on the Earth due to the extreme variation of temperatures in different regions. For instance, it is more in regions near the equator due to warm climatic conditions. However, near the pole, the extreme cold and unfavourable weather conditions do not support a majority of life forms. Additionally, changes in climatic conditions on the Earth over a period of time have also led to the extinction of a number of species.

Biodiversity is often defined at different levels depending upon the category of species. For example, taxonomic diversity is used to measure the species diversity level of different forms of life on the Earth. Ecological diversity is a broader term used for the ecosystem diversity. Similarly, functional diversity is a type used to measure diversity based on their feeding mechanisms along with other functions of species within a population.

Distribution:

There is an uneven distribution of biodiversity on the Earth. In fact, it increases from pole to equator. The climatic conditions of a region decide the presence of different species in an area. Not all species can survive in all weather conditions. Moreover, lower altitudes have a high concentration of species as compared to higher altitudes.

The importance of biodiversity does not only lie in the survival of various species of the earth. There is social, cultural as well as the economic importance of it as well. Biodiversity is of extreme importance to maintain the balance of nature. It is vital to maintaining the food chain as well. One species may be the food for another species and various species are linked to each other through this food chain. Apart from this, there is scientific importance of the biodiversity as well. The research and breeding programmes involve the variety of species. If these species cease to exist then such programmes shall not be possible.

Also, most of the drugs and medicine which are vital for the cure of many diseases are also made from many plants and animals. For instance, penicillin is a fungus through which the penicillin antibiotic is extracted.

Another important importance of biodiversity is that it provides food to all including human beings. All the food we consume is either derived from plants or animals such as fishes and other marine animals. They are also the source of new crops, pesticides and source material for agricultural practices.

Biodiversity is also important for industrial use. We get many products such as fur, honey, leather and pearls from animals. Moreover, we get timber for plants which are the basis of the paper we use in our everyday life. Tea, coffee and other drinks along with dry fruits and our regular fruits and vegetables, all are obtained from the various plants.

There is cultural and religious importance of many species as well. Many plants and animals are worshipped in different cultures and religions such as Ocitnum sanctum (Tulsi) which is a plant worshipped by Hindus.

Biodiversity in India:

India ranks among the top 12 nations which have a rich heritage of biodiversity. There are about 350 different species of mammals along with 12000 different species of birds which are found in India. Additionally, there are around 50000 species of insects which have their habitat in our country. There are a wide variety of domestic animals such as cows and buffaloes along with marine life which is found in India. Moreover, India is a land of 10 different biographical regions which include islands, Trans Himalayas, Desert, Western Ghats, Gangetic Plain, Semi-arid zone, Northeastern zone, Deccan Plateau, Coastal islands and the Western Ghats.

The Gradual Decrease:

Not all species which existed in the ancient times exist today as well. For example, dinosaurs used to exist on our planet in older times. But they were not able to adapt to the changing environmental conditions which led to their extinction from the Earth. Similarly, there are many other species which are on the verge of extinction due to the urbanisation and modernisation of the world. With the increase in population, there has been a constant need to reduce the forest areas and make way for new cities. This has led to the reduction in forests which are the natural habitat for many wild animals and plants. Due to this many wild plants have become extinct and there has been an increase in the man-animal conflict as well. Hence there has been a need to conserve the biodiversity so as to maintain the balance of nature.

Initiatives for the Conservation of Biodiversity:

There have been initiatives by the governments all over the world to conserve the existing biodiversity on the earth. For example, there are dedicated national parks which earmark the area for wild animals and plants and reduce human intervention in their lives. There are various wildlife conservation programmes in place to protect the vulnerable and endangered species. For example, Project Tiger is one such measure in place to increase the population of tigers in our country.

There are also many laws in place which make the hunting of endangered and vulnerable animals a punishable offence. At the international level, UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) and IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) have also initiated many programmes in order to preserve various species.

It is not possible for the human to live all alone on the Earth. Various other life forms are equally important and play their roles in the mutual survival of the various species on the Earth. Each one of species has its own set of contribution for the environment. Already many species have become extinct as they were not able to survive in the changing weather conditions. Hence it is our duty to ensure that our activities do not affect the other flora and fauna on the planet. Although there are a number of steps taken by the government so as to preserve the various life forms, we should also contribute individually towards this cause. If we do not act today, we may yet again witness the extinction of the vulnerable biodiversity which may further disturb the balance of nature.

Biodiversity , Ecosystem , Environment

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ENCYCLOPEDIC ENTRY

Biodiversity.

Biodiversity refers to the variety of living species on Earth, including plants, animals, bacteria and fungi. While Earth’s biodiversity is so rich that many species have yet to be discovered, many species are being threatened with extinction due to human activities, putting the Earth’s magnificent biodiversity at risk.

Biology, Ecology

Grasshoppers

Although all of these insects have a similar structure and may be genetic cousins, the beautiful variety of colors, shapes, camouflage, and sizes showcase the level of diversity possible even within a closely-related group of species.

Photograph by Frans Lanting

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Biodiversity refers to all the different kinds of living organisms within a given area, including plants, animals, fungi and other living things. It includes everything from towering redwood trees to tiny, single-cell algae that are impossible to see without a microscope. 

Kinds of Biodiversity

A common way to measure biodiversity is to count the total number of species living within a particular area. Tropical regions—areas that are warm year-round—have the most biodiversity. Temperate regions, which have warm summers and cool winters, have less biodiversity. Regions with cold or dry conditions, such as mountaintops and deserts, have even less biodiversity. 

Generally, the closer a region is to the Equator, the greater the biodiversity. At least 40,000 different plant species live in the Amazon Rainforest of South America, one of the most biologically diverse regions on the planet. By contrast, only around 600 plant species live on the Antarctic continent and in its lakes.

The warm waters of the western Pacific and Indian Oceans tend to have the most diverse marine environments. The Bird’s Head Seascape in Indonesia is home to more than 1,600 species of fish and more than 70 percent of the world’s coral species. Many of the corals build coral reefs, which are home to hundreds more species, from tiny seaweeds to large sharks.

Some regions in the world have a large number of endemic species, meaning species that exist only in that place. The Cape Floristic Region in South Africa is home to about 6,200 plant species found nowhere else in the world. Areas with high numbers of endemic species are called biodiversity hotspots. Scientists and communities are making a special effort to preserve biodiversity in these regions.

Biodiversity can also refer to the variety of ecosystems, or communities of living things and their environments. Ecosystems include deserts, grasslands and rainforests, among others. The African continent is home to tropical rain forests, alpine mountains and dry deserts. It enjoys a high level of biodiversity. Antarctica, covered almost entirely by an ice sheet, has low biodiversity.

Another way to measure biodiversity is through genetic diversity. Genes are the basic units of biological information that are passed on when living things reproduce. Human beings have about 25,000 genes. Some genes are the same for all individuals within a species—they are what make a daisy a daisy and a dog a dog. But some genes within members of the same species are different. This genetic variation is why some dogs are poodles and some are pit bulls, or why some people have brown eyes and some people have blue eyes. 

Greater genetic diversity within a species can make that species more resistant to diseases, and it allows a species to better adapt to a changing environment. 

Importance of Biodiversity

All species are interconnected; they depend on one another. Forests provide homes for animals. Animals eat plants, which need healthy soil to grow. Fungi help decompose organisms to fertilize the soil. Bees and other insects carry pollen from one plant to another, which enables the plants to reproduce. With less biodiversity, these connections weaken, and sometimes break, harming all the species in the ecosystem.

Ecosystems with a lot of biodiversity are generally stronger and more resistant to disease than those with fewer species. For instance, some diseases kill only one kind of tree. In the early 1900s, American chestnut blight killed most of the chestnut trees in the eastern forests of North America. The forest ecosystem was able to survived because other kinds of trees also grew there.

Biodiversity is important to people in many ways. Plants, for instance, help humans by giving off oxygen. They also provide food, shade, construction material, medicines and fiber for clothing and paper. The root system of plants helps prevent flooding. Plants, fungi and animals, such as worms, keep soil fertile and water clean. As biodiversity decreases, these systems break down. 

Hundreds of industries rely on plant biodiversity. Agriculture, construction, medical and pharmaceutical, and fashion industries all depend on plants for their success. When the biodiversity of an ecosystem is interrupted or destroyed, the economic impact on the local community can be enormous.

Biodiversity is especially important to the medical and pharmaceutical industries. Scientists have discovered many chemicals in rainforest plants that are now used in helpful medications. One of the most popular and safe pain relievers, aspirin, was originally made from the bark of willow trees.

Medicines that treat some forms of cancer have been made from rosy periwinkle ( Catharanthus roseus ), a flower that grows on the African island of Madagascar. Traditional medicine practitioners across Africa and Asia have used the flower for centuries to treat diabetes and stomach issues. This led scientists to investigate the chemistry of the plant in the 1950s, leading to the discovery that it could be used to treat cancer.

Indigenous people around the world, particularly those who live in tropical rainforests, have long used plants for medicinal purposes. Scientists have studied only a small percentage of rainforest species in their search for cures. Many important drugs have evolved from field observations of how Indigenous people use certain plants for healing. This kind of research is called ethnobotany. But thousands of species are at risk of becoming extinct before scientists can determine whether they might be useful in medicines.

Decreasing Biodiversity

In the past hundred years, biodiversity around the world has decreased dramatically. Thousands of species are in danger of extinction. Extinction is a natural process; some species naturally die out while new species evolve. But human activity has changed the natural processes of extinction and evolution. Scientists estimate that species are dying out at hundreds of times the natural rate.

Human activity altering and destroying natural habitats is a major reason for the loss of biodiversity. As habitats shrink, fewer species can live there. Those that survive have fewer breeding partners, leading to a decline in genetic diversity.

People and corporations clear and pollute land to plant crops, keep livestock, further develop cities, mine precious metals or build housing and factories. Human-driven climate change and development have destroyed about 35% of the world’s wetlands since 1970, a habitat that 40% of plant and animal species depend on. People cut down forests for lumber and to make space for cattle ranching, which accounts for 80% of deforestation in Amazon countries. Companies have cleared large areas of rainforest in Indonesia and Malaysia to create vast plantations of palm oil trees. Companies use the fruit of the tree to create palm oil for commercial use. This large-scale deforestation is destroying habitats for critically endangered wildlife.

Pollution, overfishing and overhunting have also caused a drop in biodiversity. Global climate change—the latest rise in the average temperature around the globe, linked to human activity—is also a factor. Warmer ocean temperatures damage fragile ecosystems, such as coral reefs. A single coral reef can shelter thousands of fish species and other sea creatures, such as clams and sea stars. Scientific research has linked climate change to human activities, like burning fossil fuels and clearing forests for agriculture.

Biodiversity can also be harmed by non-native species. When people introduce species from one part of the world to another, they typically have no natural predators. These non-native species thrive in their new habitat, often destroying native species in the process. Brown tree snakes, for instance, were accidentally brought into Guam, an island in the South Pacific, in the 1950s. Because brown tree snakes have no natural predators on Guam, they quickly multiplied. The snakes, which prey on birds, have hunted at least 10 of the island’s native forest-dwelling bird species to extinction.

People all over the world are working to maintain the planet’s biodiversity. In the United States, the Endangered Species Act protects over 2,000 organisms that are in danger of extinction. In a historic move in 2021, African Parks relocated 30 white rhinos from South Africa to Rwanda’s Akagera National Park to establish a protected breeding population of white rhinos. Some organizations are working to create sustainably grown mushrooms to satisfy consumers as well as the local ecosystem.

Around the globe, thousands of wilderness areas have been set up to conserve plants, animals and ecosystems. Local, national and international organizations are cooperating to preserve the biodiversity of regions threatened by development or natural disasters. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Site program recognizes areas of global importance, such as the enormous wetland region of the Pantanal in South America. Many national parks, such as Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana, protect biodiversity within the park by restricting extractive activities, such as mining and drilling. In Ecuador, the Jocotoco Foundation has purchased land across the country to protect the habitats of threatened wildlife. More than 16 biological reserves have been established, including areas in the Amazon rainforest and the Galapagos Islands. 

Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been established to preserve sea life. In the MPA around Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, no-fishing zones have helped fish populations thrive. People are also working to limit pollution and restore coral reef ecosystems in the area. As ecosystems become healthier, their biodiversity increases.

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• School Education /

Essay on Biodiversity in 500 Words for Students

• Updated on  
• Dec 7, 2023

Essay on Biodiversity: Biodiversity refers to the variety of animals and plants in the world or a specific area. Even in today’s modern world where so many technological advances have taken place, we still rely on our natural environment and resources to survive, A healthy and vibrant ecosystem is not disturbed by human activities. We humans are the largest consumers of natural resources, and you know what? We are also a real threat to the natural environment? Biodiversity is not just about a variety of animal and plant species, but, also offers us water, climate, disease control, nutrition cycle, oxygen release, etc. According to one report released by the United Nations, around 10 lakh plant and animal species are on the verge of extinction. The worst thing is that this number is almost at a doubling rate.

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Why is Biodiversity Important?

Biodiversity supports all life forms on earth. To understand the importance of biodiversity, we don’t need to think or act like a biologist. All we need is a holistic understanding. 

• Biodiversity promotes resilience and stability in our ecosystem. If there is any natural disturbance in the environment, a diverse ecosystem will be able to survive and recover better.
• Fields like agriculture, forestry, and medicine completely rely on biodiversity. We get genetic resources from biodiversity, which is essential for agriculture and medicine fields.
• A healthy biodiversity environment means healthy humans. The medicinal drugs we use are derived from plants, animals, and microorganisms.
• In many parts of the world, biodiversity is an integral part of cultural identity. Indigenous tribes are connected with their natural environment and species. 
• Forest areas and oceans play an important role in regulating global temperature and storing carbon dioxide.
• Our environment is constantly changing and the species around it also need to adapt to for to survive. Therefore, genetic diversity within species is also important.
• Natural activities like soil formation, nutrient cycling, water purification, etc, are all dependent on biodiversity.

Also Read: NCERT Solutions Class 9 Natural Vegetation and Wildlife

What is Biodiversity Loss?

Biodiversity loss means the global extinction of various species, resulting in the loss of biological diversity. One of the main factors responsible for biodiversity loss is the conversion of natural habitats into agricultural and urban areas. Cutting down forests and using the land for commercial activities results in destroying the livelihood of all the species in the region. Other factors responsible for biodiversity loss are listed below.

• Overexploitation
• Climate change
• Global trade and transportation
• Emerging diseases
• Pollution 

Also Read: Essay on Save Environment

What is Biodiversity Conservation?

Biodiversity conservation refers to the preservation of species, natural resources, and habitats from the rate of extinction. To achieve the goals of biodiversity conservation, effective management, and sustainable practices are required.

• Biodiversity conservation includes protected areas like biodiversity hotspots, national parks, and wildlife sanctuaries.
• One of the most effective ways to conserve biodiversity is rehabilitation and restoring degraded habitats is crucial.
• Promoting sustainable practices in agriculture, forestry, and other resource-dependent activities is essential for the conservation of biodiversity.
• Encouraging the participation of local and indigenous communities can be one solution to achieving the goals of biodiversity conservation. Indigenous and local knowledge can contribute to effective conservation strategies.

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Quotes on Biodiversity

Here are some popular quotes on biodiversity. Feel free to add them to your writing topics related to the natural environment.

• ‘Look closely at nature. Every species is a masterclass, exclusively adapted to the particular environment in which it has survived. Who are we to destroy or even diminish biodiversity?’ – E O Wilson
• ‘Biodiversity is our most valuable but least appreciated resource.’ – E O Wilson
• ‘Biodiversity is the greeted treasure we have. It’s diminishment is to be prevented at all cost.’ – Thomas Eisner
• ‘Animal protection is education to humanity.’ – Albert Schweitzer
• ‘Only beautiful animals or ugly people wear fur.’ – Unknown
• ‘Babies and animals are the mirrors of the nature.’ – Epicurus

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Ans: Biodiversity refers to the variety of plants and animals in our natural environment or a particular region. Biodiversity supports all life forms on earth. To understand the importance of biodiversity, we don’t need to think or act like a biologist. All we need is a holistic understanding. Biodiversity promotes resilience and stability in our ecosystem. If there is any natural disturbance in the environment, a diverse ecosystem will be able to survive and recover better. Fields like agriculture, forestry, and medicine completely rely on biodiversity. We get genetic resources from biodiversity, which is essential for agriculture and medicine fields.

Ans: Biodiversity conservation refers to the preservation of species, natural resources, and habitats from the rate of extinction. To achieve the goals of biodiversity conservation, effective management, and sustainable practices are required.

Ans: Some of the popular biodiversity hotspots in India are the Himalayas, Indo-Burma, Western Ghats & Sundaland.

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Shiva Tyagi

With an experience of over a year, I've developed a passion for writing blogs on wide range of topics. I am mostly inspired from topics related to social and environmental fields, where you come up with a positive outcome.

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• Biodiversity Essay

Essay on Biodiversity

Biodiversity is a term made up of two words - Bio meaning Life, and Diversity meaning Variety. The term biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth. Plants, animals, microbes, and fungi are all examples of living species on the planet.

Types of Biodiversity  

Genetic Biodiversity- Genetic diversity is the variation in genes and genotypes within a species, e.g., every human looks different from the other. 

Species Biodiversity- Species Diversity is the variety of species within a habitat or a region. It is the biodiversity observed within a community.

Ecosystem Biodiversity- Ecological biodiversity refers to the variations in the plant and animal species living together and connected by food chains and food webs.

Importance of Biodiversity 

Biodiversity is an integral part of cultural identity. Human cultures co-evolve with their environment and conservation is a priority for cultural identity. Biodiversity is used for Medicinal purposes.

Many plants and animals are used for medicinal purposes, like vitamins and painkillers. It contributes to climate stability. It helps in controlling the effects of climate change and managing greenhouse gases. 

Biodiversity provides more food resources. It supplies many vital ecosystems, such as creating and maintaining soil quality, controlling pests, and providing habitat for wildlife. Biodiversity has a relationship with Industry. Biological sources provide many Industrial materials including rubber, cotton, leather, food, paper, etc.

There are many economic benefits of Biodiversity. Biodiversity also helps in controlling pollution. Biodiversity helps in forming a healthy ecosystem. Biodiversity also acts as a source of recreation. Along with other factors, biodiversity helps in improving soil quality.

Long Essay on Biodiversity 

There are many economic benefits of Biodiversity. Biodiversity is a source of economic wealth for many regions of the world. Biodiversity facilitates Tourism and the Recreational industry. Natural Reserves and National Parks benefit a lot from it. Forest, wildlife, biosphere reserve, sanctuaries are prime spots for ecotourism, photography, painting, filmmaking, and literary works.

Biodiversity plays a vital role in the maintenance of the gaseous composition of the atmosphere, breakdown of waste material, and removal of pollutants.

Conservation of Biodiversity  

Biodiversity is very important for human existence as all life forms are interlinked with each other and one single disturbance can have multiple effects on another. If we fail to protect our biodiversity, we can endanger our plants, animals, and environment, as well as human life. Therefore, it is necessary to protect our biodiversity at all costs. Conservation of Biodiversity can be done by educating the people to adopt more environment-friendly methods and activities and develop a more harmonious and empathetic nature towards the environment. The involvement and cooperation of communities are very important. The process of continuous protection of Biodiversity is the need of the hour.

The Government of India, along with 155 other nations, has signed the convention of Biodiversity at the Earth Summit to protect it. According to the summit, efforts should be made in preserving endangered species. 

The preservation and proper management methods for wildlife should be made. Food crops, animals, and plants should be preserved. Usage of various food crops should be kept at a minimum. Every country must realize the importance of protecting the ecosystem and safeguarding the habitat. 

The Government of India has launched the Wild Life Protection Act 1972 to protect, preserve, and propagate a variety of species. The Government has also launched a scheme to protect national parks and sanctuaries. There are 12 countries - Mexico, Columbia, Peru, Brasil, Ecuador, Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar, India, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Australia, in which Mega Diversity Centres are located. These countries are tropical and they possess a large number of the world’s species.

Various hotspots have been made to protect the vegetation. There are various methods for conserving biodiversity. 

If biodiversity conservation is not done efficiently, each species would eventually become extinct due to a lack of appetite and hunger. This scenario has been a big issue for the last few decades, and many unique species have already become extinct. As a result of a lack of biodiversity protection, several species are still on the verge of extinction.

FAQs on Biodiversity Essay

1. What are the three types of Biodiversity?

Biodiversity is referred to as the variability that exists between the living organisms from different sources of nature, such as terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems. Biodiversity has three levels, which are genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. This is also considered as the type of ecosystem.

2. What is Biodiversity and why is it important?

Biodiversity is responsible for boosting the productivity of the ecosystems in which every species, no matter how small, has an important role to play. For example, a greater variety of crops can be obtained from a plant species which is in large numbers. If species diversity is in a greater amount, then it ensures natural sustainability for all life forms.

3. What is the connection between Biodiversity and the Food Chain?

If a single species goes extinct from the food chain, it will have an impact on the species that survive on it, putting them on the verge of extinction.

4. How are human beings affecting biodiversity?

Pollution- Pollution not only affects human beings, but also affects our flora and fauna, and we should control the pollution to conserve our biodiversity.

Population- Population control is a must to maintain a balance in our ecological system. Humans contribute to pollution by bursting crackers and by not following all the traffic rules.

5. How does Deforestation affect biodiversity?

Deforestation- Trees are very important for survival. They help in balancing out the ecosystem. Deforestation leads to the destruction of habitat. Deforestation should be stopped to protect our animals and plants. Deforestation not only removes vegetation that is important for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, but it also emits greenhouse gases.

Short Essay: Biodiversity

Writing a short essay on biodiversity involves discussing the complex web of life that includes and sustains all organisms on Earth. Biodiversity encompasses species diversity, ecosystem diversity, and genetic diversity within species, each contributing uniquely to the resilience and productivity of natural systems. Whether you’re a student, educator, or simply a concerned citizen wanting to articulate the importance of biodiversity, here’s a straightforward guide to help you craft a concise and impactful essay.

Table of Contents

Title and Introduction

Title : Choose a concise and descriptive title that directly references biodiversity, such as “The Crucial Role of Biodiversity in Sustaining Life on Earth.”

Body of the Essay

Summarize the key points discussed in the body of the essay. Reinforce the thesis by emphasizing the critical role of biodiversity in sustaining life on Earth and the urgent need to protect it. Conclude with a call to action, encouraging readers to participate in or support biodiversity conservation efforts. This could involve lifestyle changes, supporting environmental organizations, or advocating for policy changes.

Biodiversity Essay Example #1

The threats to biodiversity are increasing at an alarming rate, largely due to human activities. Habitat destruction, overexploitation, pollution, invasive species, and climate change are the primary drivers of biodiversity loss. Deforestation for agriculture and urban development leads to habitat fragmentation, which is detrimental to wildlife. Overfishing and hunting have decimated populations of various species, while pollution and climate change alter and destroy the natural habitats that organisms depend on for survival.

Biodiversity Essay Example #2

Biodiversity, the term used to describe the vast variety of life on Earth, encompasses not only the many species that exist but also their genetic diversity and the complex ecosystems they form. The importance of biodiversity cannot be overstated, as it is crucial to ecosystem productivity, resilience, and the overall stability of our planet’s environmental systems.

In response to these threats, conservation efforts are more critical than ever. Protecting areas of significant biodiversity by creating reserves and parks is one of the most effective conservation strategies. These protected areas provide safe havens for species and preserve functioning ecosystems that can continue to provide essential services. Laws and regulations at both the national and international levels are crucial in managing human impacts on wildlife. Policies that promote sustainable resource use and reduce pollution are equally important.

Biodiversity Essay Example #3

Biodiversity encompasses the variety of life forms on Earth, including different species, their genetic variations, and the ecosystems in which they inhabit. This diversity not only enriches the planet but also provides vital services that sustain human life. From food and medicine to ecosystem services like climate regulation and flood protection, biodiversity plays an essential role in human welfare.

Conservation efforts are vital to mitigate these threats. Establishing protected areas such as wildlife reserves and marine parks is a direct method to safeguard habitats. Legal frameworks and regulations can help control the exploitation of natural resources and manage pollution. Furthermore, restoring damaged ecosystems can help revive biodiversity levels and ecosystem services.

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Essay on Biodiversity 1000+ Words

Biodiversity, short for biological diversity, is a remarkable tapestry of life that blankets our planet. It encompasses the variety of living organisms, ecosystems, and habitats that make Earth a vibrant and thriving place. In this essay, we will delve into the importance of biodiversity, the threats it faces, and why we should protect it.

The Marvelous World of Biodiversity

Imagine a world without colorful flowers, buzzing bees, towering trees, or majestic tigers. Biodiversity is what makes our world so diverse and beautiful. It includes everything from tiny microbes in the soil to the largest whales in the ocean. Earth’s rich biodiversity provides us with essential resources, from food to medicine, and enriches our lives in countless ways.

The Benefits of Biodiversity

Biodiversity is not just about pretty landscapes and exotic animals; it plays a crucial role in sustaining life on Earth. It helps maintain a stable and healthy environment. For instance, forests with diverse tree species are better at absorbing carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change. Biodiversity also supports pollinators like bees and butterflies, which are essential for our food supply. The more diverse our ecosystems, the more resilient they are to threats like diseases and extreme weather.

Food and Medicine

Biodiversity is the foundation of our food system. Different plant and animal species provide us with a wide range of foods, from fruits and vegetables to grains and meats. Moreover, many of the medicines we rely on come from plants and animals. For example, the bark of the willow tree gave us aspirin, and the Madagascar periwinkle plant provides a lifesaving medicine for cancer patients. Protecting biodiversity ensures that we have a diverse and healthy diet and access to essential medicines.

Cultural and Recreational Value

Biodiversity isn’t just about science and survival; it also enriches our cultures and leisure activities. Many indigenous communities around the world have deep cultural connections to the land and its diverse species. Biodiversity inspires art, literature, and music. Imagine a world without the fascinating stories of animals like the African elephant or the enchanting songs of birds like the nightingale. Biodiversity enhances our quality of life in ways we might not even realize.

Threats to Biodiversity

Despite its immense value, biodiversity is under threat. Human activities, such as deforestation, pollution, overfishing, and habitat destruction, are driving many species to the brink of extinction. Climate change, fueled by the burning of fossil fuels, poses another significant threat. Rising temperatures can disrupt ecosystems and push species out of their habitats. These threats not only endanger the creatures themselves but also disrupt the delicate balance of our planet.

Conservation Efforts

The good news is that people around the world are working hard to protect biodiversity. Conservation organizations, scientists, and governments are implementing measures to safeguard endangered species and preserve critical habitats. National parks and wildlife reserves provide safe havens for countless plants and animals. Additionally, there are international agreements like the Convention on Biological Diversity aimed at preserving biodiversity on a global scale.

What You Can Do

You, as a young environmental advocate, can also play a crucial role in protecting biodiversity. You can start by learning more about the species and ecosystems in your area. Participate in local conservation efforts, like planting trees or cleaning up parks. Reduce your environmental footprint by conserving water, reducing waste, and using energy-efficient appliances. Spread the word about the importance of biodiversity to inspire others to take action.

Conclusion of Essay on Biodiversity

In conclusion, biodiversity is a precious gift that we must cherish and protect. It sustains life on Earth, provides us with essential resources, and enriches our cultures and enjoyment of the natural world. However, it faces serious threats from human activities and climate change. By understanding the importance of biodiversity and taking action to conserve it, we can ensure a healthier and more vibrant planet for future generations. Let us celebrate the wonders of biodiversity and work together to safeguard the incredible diversity of life on Earth.

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What Is Biodiversity?

Biodiversity.

Biodiversity is the extraordinary variety of life on Earth — from genes and species to ecosystems and the valuable functions they perform. E.O. Wilson, the noted biologist and author who coined the term “biodiversity,” explains it as “the very stuff of life.”

For at least 3.8 billion years, a complex web of life has been evolving on Earth. Millions of species inhabit land, freshwater, and ocean ecosystems. All species, including human beings, are intricately linked by their interactions with each other and the environments they live in.

Biodiversity — short for biological diversity — is the variety of all living things and their interactions. Biodiversity changes over time as extinction occurs and new species evolve.

Scientists often speak of three levels of diversity: species, genetic, and ecosystem diversity. In fact, these levels cannot be separated. Each is important, interacting with and influencing others. Changes at one level can cause changes at other levels.

What Is a Species?

Species come in all shapes and sizes, from organisms so small they can only be seen with powerful microscopes to huge redwood trees. They include bacteria, protozoa, fungi, flowering plants, ants, beetles, butterflies, birds, fishes, and large animals such as elephants, whales, and bears. Each species is a group of organisms with unique characteristics. An individual of a species can reproduce successfully, creating viable offspring, only with another member of that species.

We are still learning about how many species exist and how they relate to each other and their environment. Current estimates are of about 10 million species on Earth, of which only about 1.9 million have been named and catalogued. Scientists race to catalog species before they go extinct. An "endemic" species occurs in a particular area and nowhere else.

New species are still being discovered, for example by scientists from the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Entomologist Dr. Jonathan Coddington and colleagues published the discovery of the largest web-spinning spider ( Nephila komaci ) in the world in 2009. In 2012, Dr. Terry Erwin and colleagues discovered 177 species of parasitic wasps . Using submersibles to study deep coral reefs, Icthyologist Dr. Carole Baldwin continues to encounter new species of fish . The study of fossils reveals new species from the past that are now extinct. For example, Paleobiologist Dr. Nick Pyenson and colleagues discovered that the diversity of sea cow species used to be higher on Earth.

When a new species is discovered, it is given a name. Scientific naming follows certain rules or conventions. A new species is assigned to a genus based on its relatedness to other organisms. Its unique species name may be related to one characteristic that makes the species different from others, the place it was found, or can have the name of a colleague.

In 2013, Smithsonian Mammalogist Dr. Kristofer Helgen and colleagues named the first new species of carnivorous mammal recorded from the Americas in 35 years. Its relatedness to "olingos" placed it in the genus Bassaricyon , while its species name, neblina , refers to the Andean cloud forests (neblina = "fog") in which it was found. A new species of jellyfish discovered by Dr. Allen Collins  was given the scientific name of Tamoya ohboya , thanks to a teacher's claim that people said "oh boy" when they saw it.

What Is Genetic Diversity?

Biodiversity includes the genes that every individual inherits from its parents and passes on to the next generation. Genetic diversity is found everywhere, from the variety of songs and feather colors of birds to the colors, tastes, and textures of apples and other foods. Genetic variation, which determines the extent to which individuals can adapt to their environments, is extremely important to their survival.

A genome is the complete set of genetic material (i.e., DNA) of an organism. To preserve Earth’s genomic diversity, scientists at the National Museum of Natural History are collecting and freezing hundreds of thousands of DNA samples. The collection will be used for the new field of genomics , a discipline that sequences, assembles, and analyzes the function and structure of genomes, providing information into the future about plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and protists, even those that are extinct. The Smithsonian's repository of DNA is just one of many that together make up the Global Genome Project that seeks to preserve genetic samples from every species on Earth.

What Is Ecosystem Diversity?

Genes determine the traits of individuals that form populations of a species. Individuals from different species interact to form communities. These interact dynamically with non-living environmental components, such as water or minerals, to form an ecosystem. Some ecosystems such as tropical forests and coral reefs are especially complex and host a large number of species. Other ecosystems such as deserts and Arctic regions have less complexity and thus a lower number of species, but all those species are ecologically important and some are endemic to that ecosystem.

Monitoring Biodiversity

Many Smithsonian scientists are working on ways to monitor and measure biodiversity over time. Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute scientists Dr. Francisco Dallmeier  and Dr. Alfonso Alonso  developed a Framework for the Assessment and Monitoring of Biodiversity. The framework provides guidance about how to go about designing and implementing assessments and monitoring programs, how to report the information gathered, and how to use the gathered scientific information to track the conditions of ecosystems and the species that inhabit them.

For more than three decades, Smithsonian scientists and institutional collaborators with the Forest Global Earth Observatory (ForestGEO) have been studying forest biodiversity and function at more than 60 sites around the world. A newer initiative, the Marine Global Earth Observatory (Marine GEO), brings together Smithsonian marine scientists from the U.S., Belize, and Panama to collaborate with colleagues from around the world to monitor ocean ecosystems.

Botanist Dr. John Kress  took a leadership role in 2006 when the Smithsonian and five other international scientific organizations founded what is now Consortium of Scientific Partners on Biodiversity and has grown to include 24 major scientific organizations as partners. The Consortium looks for innovative ways to investigate biodiversity and explore solutions to loss of biodiversity as humans continue to interact with the biosphere.

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Essay on Conservation of Biodiversity for Students and Children

500+ words essay on conservation of biodiversity.

Conservation of biodiversity is vital for maintaining the Earth’s environment and sustaining life on the planet. There are a number of ways in which the richness of biodiversity helps in maintaining the ecological system. Conservation of biodiversity is important for the survival of living beings on Earth. Hence, a lot of emphases is being given on the conservation of biodiversity these days.

The Extinction in Biodiversity

Due to human activities, numerous varieties of animals go extinct each year. Western Black Rhinoceros, Dodo, Tasmanian tiger, Golden Toad, Woolly Mammoth, Caribbean Monk Seal, Ivory-billed Woodpecker, and Japanese Sea Lion are some of the species of animals that have gone extinct.

Lemur, Mountain Gorilla, Vaquita, Sea Turtles, Amur Leopard, and Tiger are some of the species that are on the verge of extinction. Apart from these many species of plants and trees including Lepidodendron, Araucaria Mirabilis, Wood Cycad and Kokia Cookie have gone extinct and many species are endangered.

Need to Conserve Biodiversity

Earth is a beautiful planet which has given us many things which occur naturally. Natural resources, rivers, valleys , oceans, different species of animals and beautiful varieties of plants and trees are among some of these.

In today’s world, we are busy developing our surroundings and spoiling our beautiful environment. Today, we have exploited most of the things that were available abundantly in nature. Thus, there arises a need to conserve these natural things. Among other things, there is a serious need for the conservation of biodiversity.

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Importance of Conservation of Biodiversity

Conservation of biodiversity is important for many reasons. Here are some of the main reasons to conserve biodiversity:

• Process of Food Chain: Different species of animals and plants serve as the source of food for other animals and living organisms. Thus, conserving biodiversity help to keep the food chain among the living organisms.
• Nutritional Needs: The decline in the variety of plants and animals would mean the decline in the variety of food we eat. So, this is likely to result in nutritional deficiencies.
• Cleaner Air: Plants and trees have a greater ability to purify the air and keep the atmosphere clean. As there is a decrease in the number and types of trees and plants, it impacts the quality of air in a negative way.
• Better Cultivation of Crops:   Fertility of soil is maintained by many insects, organisms and microorganisms work on different levels. So we have to maintain the level of microorganism which is better for the cultivation of crops.
• For Medical Reason s: For making different medicines many species of trees and plants are used so as to cure various diseases.

Methods to Conserve Biodiversity

Methods that can help in the conservation of biodiversity are

• Control Population: The greater the population the higher the needs which would result in further exploitation of flora and fauna and decline in biodiversity. For the conservation of biodiversity, we have to control the human population and allow other species of plants and animals to replenish on our planet.
• Control Pollution: The changing climate, deteriorating air quality and the growing amount of pollution on land and water bodies are leading to different types of diseases in many. It is essential to reduce the activities leading to pollution so as to conserve biodiversity.
• Reduce Deforestation: Due to deforestation, there is the loss of habitat. Due to this reason, wild animals are unable to survive in the new environment and die.
• Avoid Wastage: We need to understand that natural resources are not only essential for us but are also vital for the survival of other species. We must thus utilize only as much as we require them so that these remain available in abundance in nature for future use.
• Spread Awareness: Apart from this, one of the best methods to conserve biodiversity is by spreading awareness. The government can do so at a bigger level. While we can spread awareness by word of mouth and through social media.

Conservation of biodiversity is of utmost importance. We must all make efforts to conserve biodiversity rather than contributing towards its declination. Thus, the richness of biodiversity is essential for the survival of living beings on Earth.

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Essay on Biodiversity

Introduction to Biodiversity

Biodiversity encompasses the array of life on Earth, spanning species, ecosystems, and genetic resources crucial for sustaining the planet. In a delicate ecological balance, each component plays a unique role, contributing to the stability and resilience of our shared environment. However, this complex web is continuously in danger because of human activities like pollution, habitat destruction, and climate change. Understanding the significance of biodiversity is paramount, as it directly influences ecological functions, economic prosperity, and human well-being. This essay explores the profound importance of biodiversity and emphasizes the urgent need for concerted global efforts to preserve and protect it.

Significance of Biodiversity

Comprehending the importance of biodiversity for the well-being of our planet and all its inhabitants can be approached from several perspectives:

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• Ecological Stability: Biodiversity contributes to the resilience and stability of ecosystems. Ecosystems with diverse components are more resilient and capable of enduring and rebounding from environmental changes, including extreme weather events and disease outbreaks.
• Economic Value: Biodiversity is a source of invaluable resources for various industries. Medicinal plants, agricultural crops, and genetic diversity in livestock contribute to developing pharmaceuticals, food security, and improved breeds.
• Human Well-being: Biodiversity significantly impacts human health. Plant and animal sources contribute to many traditional medicines, and exposure to natural environments positively affects mental health.
• Cultural Significance: Biodiversity is often deeply intertwined with cultural practices, traditions, and spiritual beliefs. It inspires art, literature, and rituals, connecting communities to their natural surroundings.
• Ecosystem Services: Biodiversity underpins essential ecosystem services, such as pollination, water purification, and soil fertility. These services are critical for human survival and agricultural productivity.
• Genetic Diversity: Biodiversity ensures a wide range of genetic material, making species more adaptable to changing environmental conditions. Genetic variety must exist for species to evolve and survive over the long term.
• Scientific Understanding: Studying biodiversity enhances our understanding of life on Earth, contributing to scientific knowledge and advancements in various fields, including ecology, genetics, and medicine.

Threats to Biodiversity

Biodiversity faces many threats, primarily driven by human activities, posing significant risks to Earth’s intricate web of life. Major threats to biodiversity include the following:

• Habitat Destruction: Natural habitats are lost and fragmented due to urbanization, deforestation, and land conversion for agriculture, upsetting ecosystems and displacing numerous species.
• Pollution: Air, water, and soil pollution from industrial, agricultural, and domestic sources degrade ecosystems, harm wildlife, and lead to the decline of certain species.
• Climate Change: The alterations in temperature and precipitation patterns, driven by human-induced climate change, have repercussions on ecosystems, leading to changes in species distribution, shifts in habitat ranges, and placing those incapable of adaptation in jeopardy.
• Overexploitation: Unsustainable harvesting of plants and animals for food, medicine, and trade, coupled with illegal activities such as poaching, threatens many species with extinction.
• Invasive Species: Introducing non-native species disrupts local ecosystems by outcompeting native species for resources, spreading diseases, and altering ecological processes.
• Habitat Fragmentation: Human development often fragments natural landscapes, isolating populations and reducing genetic diversity, decreasing resilience and adaptability.
• Disease: The spread of diseases, often exacerbated by human activities and global transportation, can devastate wildlife populations, particularly where species lack immunity.
• Resource Depletion: Unsustainable exploitation of natural resources, such as overfishing and excessive logging, depletes ecosystems and threatens the balance of various species within them.
• Lack of Conservation Awareness: Insufficient awareness and understanding of the importance of biodiversity contribute to inadequate conservation efforts, hampering initiatives to protect and preserve ecosystems.
• Globalization: Increased global trade and movement of goods amplify human impact on biodiversity by spreading invasive species, diseases, and pollutants.

Ecological Functions of Biodiversity

Ecosystems depend on biodiversity to remain healthy and function properly. The ecological functions of biodiversity contribute to the natural environment’s stability, resilience, and sustainability. Here are the key ecological functions of biodiversity:

• Ecosystem Stability: Biodiversity enhances the stability of ecosystems by promoting balance among species.
• Diverse ecosystems possess greater resilience to disruptions, such as disease outbreaks or extreme weather events, as various species may exhibit distinct responses to these challenges.
• Interdependence of Species: Ecosystem species often depend on each other for survival. Biodiversity fosters complex interactions and relationships, such as symbiosis and predation, contributing to ecosystems’ overall health and functioning.
• Resilience to Environmental Changes: Ecosystems with diversity are more adaptable to changes in their surroundings. The genetic diversity within species allows for adaptation to changing conditions, ensuring the persistence of life even in dynamic and unpredictable environments.
• Nutrient Cycling: Biodiversity is integral to nutrient cycling, facilitating the transfer of essential elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus between living organisms and the environment. Microorganisms, plants, and animals contribute to nutrient cycling in various ways.
• Pollination and Seed Dispersal: Many plants rely on animals for pollination and seed dispersal. Within the realm of biodiversity, diverse insect and bird species play a crucial role in ensuring the continuation of essential processes vital for the reproduction and survival of plant species.
• Soil Fertility: Biodiversity in soil, including microorganisms and invertebrates, contributes to soil fertility by breaking down organic matter, decomposing dead organisms, and enhancing plant nutrient availability.
• Biological Control of Pests: Biodiversity, especially in terms of predator-prey relationships, helps control the populations of pests. Natural predators can regulate the numbers of herbivores, preventing overgrazing and maintaining a balanced ecosystem.
• Climate Regulation: Forests, wetlands, and other ecosystems with high biodiversity contribute to climate regulation by sequestering carbon dioxide and influencing local climate patterns. The intricate relationships between different species help in maintaining ecosystem balance.

Economic Value of Biodiversity

Biodiversity holds substantial economic value, providing many resources and services vital for human well-being and economic development. Explore the economic significance of biodiversity through various aspects:

• Medicinal Resources: Plants, animals, and microorganisms contribute to the derivation of many traditional pharmaceuticals. Biodiversity is a rich source of compounds with potential therapeutic properties, contributing to the pharmaceutical industry and human health.
• Agricultural Diversity: Biodiversity is essential for agriculture as diverse ecosystems support a variety of crops and livestock breeds. Genetic diversity within species ensures resilience to diseases, pests, and changing environmental conditions, enhancing food security.
• Crop Improvement: Researchers can employ a useful genetic characteristic found in wild relatives of cultivated plants to improve crops. Biodiversity provides a genetic reservoir for developing more resilient, productive, and disease-resistant crop varieties through selective breeding and genetic engineering.
• Pollination Services: Biodiversity, particularly diverse insect species like bees, plays a crucial role in pollinating crops. This service is fundamental for producing fruits, vegetables, and nuts, contributing significantly to global agriculture.
• Ecosystem Services: Biodiversity contributes to various ecosystem services, including water purification, soil fertility, and climate regulation. These services support agricultural productivity, reduce the need for artificial inputs, and mitigate the impacts of climate change.
• Tourism and Recreation: Biodiversity-rich areas, such as national parks, wildlife reserves, and natural landscapes, attract tourists and generate economic revenue through tourism activities, accommodations, and recreational services.
• Biotechnology and Industry: Biodiversity is a source of inspiration for biotechnological innovations. Enzymes, chemicals, and materials derived from diverse biological resources have applications in various industries, contributing to economic growth.
• Cultural and Aesthetic Value: Biodiversity contributes to cultural identity and aesthetics, fostering ecotourism and generating economic benefits. Unique flora and fauna, along with traditional knowledge related to biodiversity, attract visitors and support local economies.
• Fisheries and Aquaculture: Marine and freshwater biodiversity support fisheries and aquaculture industries. A diverse range of fish species provides food, livelihoods, and economic value to communities worldwide.
• Research and Education: Biodiversity is a subject of extensive scientific research, leading to innovations in various fields. Additionally, biodiversity education and awareness initiatives contribute to human capital development and environmental stewardship.

Biodiversity and Human Well-being

Biodiversity is fundamental in shaping and enhancing human well-being, from physical health to cultural and spiritual enrichment. The intricate connections between biodiversity and human well-being are multifaceted:

• Medicinal Resources: The development of pharmaceuticals and traditional remedies has benefited from the abundance of therapeutic plants and organisms in biodiversity. Many communities rely on diverse biological resources for healthcare, emphasizing the direct link between biodiversity and human health.
• Food Security: Agricultural biodiversity provides a diverse range of crops and livestock, ensuring a variety of nutritious foods for human consumption. This diversity contributes to balanced diets, reducing the risk of malnutrition and enhancing food security.
• Cultural Importance: Cultural practices, traditions, and identity are deeply intertwined with biodiversity. Indigenous communities often have profound connections to specific plants, animals, and landscapes, contributing to cultural richness and diversity.
• Spiritual and Recreational Benefits: Natural environments, characterized by diverse ecosystems, provide spaces for recreation and spiritual well-being. Biodiversity-rich areas, such as forests and parks, offer opportunities for relaxation, reflection, and connection with nature.
• Mental Health: There is evidence that being in nature, especially in biodiverse settings, positively impacts mental health. Green spaces and natural settings reduce stress and improve mood and overall well-being.
• Aesthetic Value: Biodiversity enhances the aesthetic quality of landscapes, contributing to the visual and sensory experiences that positively impact human well-being. The beauty of diverse flora and fauna has aesthetic, artistic, and inspirational value.
• Eco-Tourism and Recreation: Biodiversity-rich areas attract tourists seeking unique and diverse natural experiences. Eco-tourism contributes to local economies, providing employment opportunities and supporting community well-being.
• Traditional Knowledge: Indigenous and local communities often possess traditional biodiversity-related knowledge, including sustainable resource management practices. This knowledge contributes to community resilience and well-being.
• Clean Air and Water: Biodiverse ecosystems maintain air and water quality. Forests, wetlands, and other natural habitats contribute to the purification of air and water resources, directly impacting human health.
• Economic Livelihoods: Many communities rely on biodiversity for their economic livelihoods, including fishing, agriculture, and ecotourism. Sustainable use of biodiversity resources supports local economies and livelihoods.

Conservation Efforts

Conservation efforts are crucial for safeguarding biodiversity and mitigating the threats to ecosystems and species. Effective conservation involves a combination of strategies, policies, and community engagement. Here are key aspects of conservation efforts:

• Protected Areas: Many species depend on the creation and maintenance of protected areas, such as national parks, animal reserves, and marine sanctuaries, as vital habitats. These areas serve as refuges where ecosystems can thrive without significant human interference.
• Habitat Conservation: Focusing on preserving and restoring natural habitats is essential. This involves initiatives to prevent deforestation, protect wetlands, and maintain critical ecosystems that support a wide range of species.
• Species Recovery Programs: Implementing programs dedicated to recovering endangered and threatened species helps prevent extinction. These programs often involve breeding and reintroduction efforts, habitat restoration, and monitoring of population dynamics.
• Community-Based Conservation: Involving local communities is crucial for the long-term effectiveness of conservation projects. Collaborative approaches that respect indigenous knowledge and engage communities in sustainable resource management contribute to biodiversity conservation and human well-being.
• International Cooperation: Conservation is a global concern, and international collaboration is essential. International agreements, like the CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity), and collaborative efforts, such as the GEF (Global Environment Facility), promote cooperation in biodiversity conservation.
• Sustainable Resource Management: Promoting sustainable practices in resource utilization, such as sustainable forestry, fisheries management, and eco-friendly agriculture, helps balance human needs with preserving biodiversity.
• Education and Awareness: It is essential to educate the public about the value of biodiversity and the necessity of conservation. Education programs and campaigns help foster a sense of responsibility and encourage sustainable practices among individuals and communities.
• Corporate Responsibility: Encouraging corporate responsibility and sustainable business practices is essential. Companies can contribute to conservation by adopting environmentally friendly policies, reducing their ecological footprint, and supporting conservation initiatives.
• Research and Monitoring: Continuous scientific research and monitoring of ecosystems and species provide essential data for conservation planning. This includes understanding population dynamics, tracking migration patterns, and assessing the impact of environmental changes.
• Legislation and Policy: Strong legal frameworks and policies are necessary to regulate activities that may harm biodiversity. These include laws addressing habitat destruction, pollution, poaching, and the trade of endangered species.
• Climate Change Mitigation: Addressing climate change is integral to biodiversity conservation. Efforts to diminish greenhouse gas emissions and develop adaptation methods lessen the negative consequences of climate change on ecosystems and species.

Challenges and Threats

Biodiversity conservation faces numerous challenges and threats, many exacerbated by human activities. Addressing these challenges is essential to ensure ecosystems’ long-term health and sustainability. Here are some significant challenges and threats to biodiversity:

• Habitat Destruction: Deforestation, urbanization, and land conversion for agriculture lead to the loss and fragmentation of natural habitats. This poses a significant threat to countless species, reducing biodiversity.
• Pollution: Pollution from industrial, agricultural, and urban sources, including air and water pollution , adversely affects ecosystems and poses risks to the health of many species.
• Climate Change: Human actions like the combustion of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes cause global climate change . This results in ecosystem alterations, species distribution disruptions, and adaptation challenges.
• Overexploitation: Unsustainable harvesting of plants, animals, and natural resources for food, medicine, and trade can lead to population declines, biodiversity loss, and, in extreme cases, extinction.
• Invasive Species: Introducing non-native species can outcompete or prey on native species, leading to the decline or extinction of indigenous flora and fauna.
• Habitat Fragmentation: Urbanization and infrastructure development often fragment natural landscapes, isolating populations and disrupting migration patterns, reducing genetic diversity and adaptability.
• Disease: The spread of diseases, often facilitated by global transportation and trade, poses a significant threat to wildlife populations, particularly in cases where species lack immunity.
• Lack of Conservation Awareness: Insufficient public awareness and understanding of the importance of biodiversity hinder conservation efforts. Lack of awareness can lead to unsustainable practices and policies.
• Illegal Trade: Illicit trade in wildlife, including poaching and trafficking of endangered species, threatens many animals and plants and contributes to the decline of populations.
• Population Growth and Resource Demand: Increasing human populations and growing resource demands put additional pressure on natural habitats, leading to habitat destruction, overharvesting, and increased resource competition.
• Lack of Funding and Resources: Inadequate financial resources and funding for conservation initiatives hamper the implementation of effective measures to protect and manage biodiversity.
• Land Use Change: Changes in land use, driven by agricultural expansion, infrastructure development, and other human activities, contribute to habitat loss and degradation.
• Synergistic Effects: The combined and interactive effects of multiple stressors, such as habitat loss, pollution, and climate change, can have more severe impacts on biodiversity than individual threats alone.

Future Prospects

The future of biodiversity presents challenges and opportunities as humanity navigates the complex interplay between conservation, sustainable development, and global environmental changes. Here are key considerations for the future prospects of biodiversity:

• Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Integrating biodiversity conservation into broader sustainability goals, such as the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, is crucial. A harmonious future requires striking a balance between environmental preservation and economic progress.
• Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation: It is absolutely essential to address climate change in order to preserve biodiversity. Future conservation activities must include both adaptation measures to assist species in adjusting to changing climates and mitigation efforts to lower greenhouse gas emissions.
• Integrated Conservation Strategies: Adopting holistic and integrated approaches to conservation that consider the interconnectedness of ecosystems, species, and human communities will be crucial for long-term success.
• Technology and Innovation: Leveraging technology and innovation, such as satellite monitoring, remote sensing, and genetic technologies, can enhance conservation efforts by providing valuable data, tracking species, and supporting habitat management.
• Ecosystem Restoration: Investing in ecosystem restoration projects, such as reforestation and habitat rehabilitation, can help reverse the impacts of habitat destruction and contribute to the recovery of biodiversity.
• Global Cooperation: Strengthening international cooperation and agreements for biodiversity conservation is essential. Collaborative efforts worldwide are needed to address transboundary issues and protect migratory species.
• Community Engagement and Indigenous Knowledge: Empowering local communities and respecting indigenous knowledge is crucial for effective biodiversity conservation. Engaging communities in conservation initiatives fosters stewardship and sustainable resource management.
• Education and Awareness: To get broad support and encourage responsible conduct, it is imperative to raise public awareness and educate people about the value of biodiversity and the risks it confronts.
• Policy Integration: Integrating biodiversity considerations into various policy domains, including agriculture, forestry, and urban planning, is crucial. Coordinated efforts across sectors can enhance the resilience of ecosystems.
• Green Finance and Sustainable Investments: Directing financial resources towards green investments, sustainable practices, and conservation projects is critical for supporting biodiversity conservation efforts at local, national, and global levels.
• Resilient Cities and Infrastructure: Designing and planning urban areas and infrastructure focusing on biodiversity can contribute to creating resilient, sustainable cities that support human well-being and natural ecosystems.
• Conservation in High Seas and Antarctica: Addressing conservation challenges in areas beyond national jurisdiction, such as the high seas and Antarctica, is crucial. Developing effective governance frameworks for these areas will be essential for protecting marine biodiversity.
• Legislation and Enforcement: Strengthening environmental laws, regulations, and enforcement mechanisms is vital for deterring illegal activities that threaten biodiversity and ensuring compliance with conservation measures.

The future of biodiversity requires a concerted global effort to balance human development with ecological sustainability. Embracing integrated conservation strategies, leveraging technology, and fostering international cooperation are essential. The imperative lies in respecting indigenous knowledge, empowering local communities, and promoting education to raise awareness. As climate change accelerates and biodiversity faces unprecedented threats, the resilience of ecosystems depends on innovative solutions and responsible policies. Committing to green finance, sustainable practices, and legislative measures, humanity can pave the way for a harmonious coexistence with nature, ensuring a biodiverse future that sustains life on Earth for generations to come.

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Essay On Biodiversity [300-500 words]

Essay On Biodiversity: The earth is the only known planet having the existence of life on it. Besides, life has manifested in different forms such as animals, birds, plants, microorganisms etc. Among these broad categories, Each one has its variety. This diversity is called Biodiversity.

In other words, Biodiversity refers to the presence of different species of plants, animals, insects, and reptiles on the earth. It is one of the essential parts of the ecosystem that help in running the life cycle effortlessly.

Short Essay On Biodiversity | 250-300 Words

Introduction- Biodiversity or biological diversity refers to the presence of different species of plants and animals on the earth. A lot of reasons can be described for the biodiversity on earth such as geological positions, temperatures, climatic conditions and genetic changes etc. Biodiversity is considered a vital part of the life cycle on Earth.

Importance- There is a very thin line between biodiversity and ecology. One can not exist without the second. We can conclude that these two terms refer to the same intention. Hence, biodiversity is very important in maintaining the ecological balance as living things on the planet are interdependent.

If one species is decreased in number or eliminated from the environment, other species have to face negative effects because of that. Moreover, we humans are dependent on plants and animals. Thus our life is also dependent on biodiversity. If it damages, we will have to face the results.

✔ Essay On Pollution

✔ Essay On Global Warming

Conservation- After understanding the importance of biodiversity, it is clear that a threat to biodiversity is a threat to the existence of life on Earth. Hence, it becomes very important to protect and conserve biodiversity to protect the ecology and ourselves. We can take the following steps to conserve biodiversity.

• Setting up home gardens to grow different types of plants.
• Using organic agricultural methods to save microorganisms
• Discouraging the practice of deforestation
• Encouraging the practice of Afforestation
• Prevention of smuggling of animals and their body parts
• Prevention of smuggling of plants, trees and byproducts
• Feeding the stray animals

Conclusion- Biodiversity is not only important for us but it is extremely important for the existence of life on the planet. The present scenario is not in our favour means we are under threat of damaged biodiversity. That is why preserving biodiversity is the need of the hour.

500+ Words Essay On Biodiversity

Introduction.

Nature has created diverse forms of life such as plants, animals, insects, microorganisms etc. This diversification is known as biodiversity or biological diversity. Biodiversity is not uniformly dispersed over the planet and it is found more in the forests and locations undisturbed by humans.

Nature’s intelligence is very sophisticated to understand. It has designed everything so well that despite having no similarities living beings are interdependent to survive. Biodiversity is one of the essential parts of the ecosystem that help in running the life cycle effortlessly. That is the reason that biodiversity holds a huge significance for each organism whether it is a plant, animal or human being.

Biodiversity & Survival

Biodiversity is the most critical factor in executing the life cycle and maintaining the balance of the earth as living things are interdependent. If one life form is lowered or eliminated from the environment, other life forms have to encounter adverse effects because of that.

Moreover, we humans are dependent on plants and animals. Thus our life is also dependent on biodiversity. If it damages, we will have to face the results. Thus it can endanger the existence of life on Earth. Furthermore, there are many studies have been conducted on the effect of change on biodiversity and the outcomes were shocking.

The Threats!

There are lots of threats to biodiversity. First of all, a constant change in the climate is endangering many species. Some of them are on the ledge of extinction. Second, we humans are clearing out forests for various purposes that expells wild animals of their homes and eventually, they die of the lack of food and shelter.

Third, pollution and chemicals discharged into the water bodies cause many aquatic animals to die which also decreases the amount of biodiversity on Earth. Fourth, the smuggling of rare plants, trees, animals, their skin, their bones and other byproducts is one of the most critical threats to biodiversity.

How to Increase Biodiversity

We have lost a large amount of biodiversity in the past time and the adverse effects can be identified. Now, it is time to find a solution to increase biodiversity to restore the ecological balance. We can do it by taking various steps and initiatives. We need to eliminate the reasons responsible for the decrease in biodiversity.

Apart from that, we need to put effort to build a perfect planet to live in. We can do the following things to help biodiversity

Biodiversity & Sustainable Development

Sustainable development refers to “ the development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. ” But we are gradually losing our biodiversity. Then how would sustainable development be possible?

The decrease in biodiversity will lead to the scarcity of several natural resources. The conservation of biodiversity is a game changer for sustainable development. Hence, we can conclude that sustainable development is not possible without the conservation of biodiversity.

✔ Essay On Sustainable Development

✔ Essay On Climate Change

To sum it up, One of the reasons for the execution of life on the earth is biodiversity. It is important to restore biodiversity on the planet. For this to happen, humans must take control of their actions against the ecosystem. It is time to protect the earth’s flora and fauna to witness sustainable development.

What does It mean By “Biodiversity”?

Biodiversity refers to the presence of different species of plants and animals on the planet.

When is International Day for Biological Diversity celebrated?

22 May is celebrated as the international day for biological diversity.

What are the types of Biodiversity?

There are three types of biodiversity: 1. Genetic Biodiversity – Genetic diversity is the variation in genes and genotypes within a species, 2. Species Biodiversity – Species Diversity is the variety of species within a habitat or a region. 3. Ecosystem Biodiversity – Ecological biodiversity refers to the variations in the plant and animal species living together.

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Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stability

Introduction: Biodiversity, Stability, and Ecosystem Functioning

Climate change and other human-driven (anthropogenic) environmental changes will continue to cause biodiversity loss in the coming decades (Sala et al . 2000), in addition to the high rates of species extinctions already occurring worldwide (Stork 2010). Biodiversity is a term that can be used to describe biological diversity at a variety of different scales, but in this context we will focus on the description of species diversity. Species play essential roles in ecosystems, so local and global species losses could threaten the stability of the ecosystem services on which humans depend (McCann 2000). For example, plant species harness the energy of the sun to fix carbon through photosynthesis, and this essential biological process provides the base of the food chain for myriad animal consumers. At the ecosystem level, the total growth of all plant species is termed primary production, and — as we'll see in this article — communities composed of different numbers and combinations of plant species can have very different rates of primary production. This fundamental metric of ecosystem function has relevance for global food supply and for rates of climate change because primary production reflects the rate at which carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas) is removed from the atmosphere. There is currently great concern about the stability of both natural and human-managed ecosystems, particularly given the myriad global changes already occurring. Stability can be defined in several ways, but the most intuitive definition of a stable system is one having low variability (i.e., little deviation from its average state) despite shifting environmental conditions. This is often termed the resistance of a system. Resilience is a somewhat different aspect of stability indicating the ability of an ecosystem to return to its original state following a disturbance or other perturbation.

Species Identity, Functional traits, and Resource-Use

Species diversity has two primary components: species richness (the number of species in a local community) and species composition (the identity of the species present in a community). While most research on the relationship between ecosystem diversity and stability has focused on species richness, it is variation in species composition that provides the mechanistic basis to explain the relationship between species richness and ecosystem functioning. Species differ from one another in their resource use, environmental tolerances, and interactions with other species, such that species composition has a major influence on ecosystem functioning and stability.

The traits that characterize the ecological function of a species are termed functional traits, and species that share similar suites of traits are often categorized together into functional groups. When species from different functional groups occur together, they can exhibit complementary resource-use, meaning that they use different resources or use the same resources at different times. For example, two animal predators may consume different prey items, so they are less likely to compete with one another, allowing higher total biomass of predators in the system. In the case of plants, all species may utilize the same suite of resources (space, light, water, soil nutrients, etc.) but at different times during the growing season — for example, early- and late-season grasses in prairies. Increasing species diversity can influence ecosystem functions — such as productivity — by increasing the likelihood that species will use complementary resources and can also increase the likelihood that a particularly productive or efficient species is present in the community. For example, high plant diversity can lead to increased ecosystem productivity by more completely, and/or efficiently, exploiting soil resources (e.g., nutrients, water). While primary production is the ecosystem function most referred to in this article, other ecosystem functions, such as decomposition and nutrient turnover, are also influenced by species diversity and particular species traits.

Diversity-Stability Theory

Theoretical models suggest that there could be multiple relationships between diversity and stability, depending on how we define stability (reviewed by Ives & Carpenter 2007). Stability can be defined at the ecosystem level — for example, a rancher might be interested in the ability of a grassland ecosystem to maintain primary production for cattle forage across several years that may vary in their average temperature and precipitation. Figure 1 shows how having multiple species present in a plant community can stabilize ecosystem processes if species vary in their responses to environmental fluctuations such that an increased abundance of one species can compensate for the decreased abundance of another. Biologically diverse communities are also more likely to contain species that confer resilience to that ecosystem because as a community accumulates species, there is a higher chance of any one of them having traits that enable them to adapt to a changing environment. Such species could buffer the system against the loss of other species. Scientists have proposed the insurance hypothesis to explain this phenomenon (Yachi & Loreau 1999). In this situation, species identity — and particular species traits — are the driving force stabilizing the system rather than species richness per se (see Figure 2).

In contrast, if stability is defined at the species level, then more diverse assemblages can actually have lower species-level stability. This is because there is a limit to the number of individuals that can be packed into a particular community, such that as the number of species in the community goes up, the average population sizes of the species in the community goes down. For example, in Figure 2, each of the simple communities can only contain three individuals, so as the number of species in the community goes up, the probability of having a large number of individuals of any given species goes down. The smaller the population size of a particular species, the more likely it is to go extinct locally, due to random — stochastic — fluctuations, so at higher species richness levels there should be a greater risk of local extinctions. Thus, if stability is defined in terms of maintaining specific populations or species in a community, then increasing diversity in randomly assembled communities should confer a greater chance of destabilizing the system.

Experiments and Observations Can Evaluate the Diversity-Stability Relationship

A wealth of research into the relationships among diversity, stability, and ecosystem functioning has been conducted in recent years (reviewed by Balvanera et al . 2006, Hooper et al . 2005). The first experiments to measure the relationship between diversity and stability manipulated diversity in aquatic microcosms — miniature experimental ecosystems — containing four or more trophic levels, including primary producers, primary and secondary consumers, and decomposers (McGrady-Steed et al . 1997, Naeem & Li 1997). These experiments found that species diversity conferred spatial and temporal stability on several ecosystem functions. Stability was conferred by species richness, both within and among functional groups (Wardle et al . 2000). When there is more than one species with a similar ecological role in a system, they are sometimes considered "functionally redundant." But these experiments show that having functionally redundant species may play an important role in ensuring ecosystem stability when individual species are lost due to environmental changes, such as climate change.

More recently, scientists have examined the importance of plant diversity for ecosystem stability in terrestrial ecosystems, especially grasslands where the dominant vegetation lies low to the ground and is easy to manipulate experimentally. In 1995, David Tilman and colleagues established 168 experimental plots in the Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve, each 9 x 9 m in size (Figure 3A), and seeded them with 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 species drawn randomly from a pool of 18 possible perennial plant species (Tilman et al . 2006). Plots were weeded to prevent new species invasion and ecosystem stability was measured as the stability of primary production over time. Over the ten years that data were collected, there was significant interannual variation in climate, and the researchers found that more diverse plots had more stable production over time (Figure 3B). In contrast, population stability declined in more diverse plots (Figure 3C). These experimental findings are consistent with the theory described in the prior section, predicting that increasing species diversity would be positively correlated with increasing stability at the ecosystem-level and negatively correlated with species-level stability due to declining population sizes of individual species.

Experiments manipulating diversity have been criticized because of their small spatial and short time scales, so what happens in naturally assembled communities at larger spatial scales over longer time scales? In a 24-year study of naturally assembled Inner Mongolia grassland vegetation, Bai et al . (2004) observed variation in the biomass of species, functional groups, and the whole community in response to strong interannual variation in growing-season precipitation. They found that while the abundance of individual species fluctuated, species within particular functional groups tended to respond differently such that a decrease in the abundance of one species was compensated for by an increase in the abundance of another. This compensation stabilized the biomass productivity of the whole community in a fluctuating environment (see Figure 1). These findings demonstrate that local species richness — both within and among functional groups — confers stability on ecosystem processes in naturally assembled communities.

Experiments in aquatic ecosystems have also shown that large-scale processes play a significant role in stabilizing ecosystems. A whole-lake acidification experiment in Canada found that although species diversity declined as a result of acidification, species composition changed significantly and ecosystem function was maintained (Schindler 1990). This suggests that given sufficient time and appropriate dispersal mechanisms, new species can colonize communities from the regional species pool and compensate for those species that are locally lost (Fischer et al . 2001). This observation emphasizes the importance of maintaining connectivity among natural habitats as they experience environmental changes.

Evidence from multiple ecosystems at a variety of temporal and spatial scales, suggests that biological diversity acts to stabilize ecosystem functioning in the face of environmental fluctuation. Variation among species in their response to such fluctuation is an essential requirement for ecosystem stability, as is the presence of species that can compensate for the function of species that are lost. While much of the evidence presented here has focused on the consequences of changes in species diversity on primary production in natural ecosystems, recent research has found similar relationships between species diversity and ecosystem productivity in human-managed ecosystems (e.g., Jactel et al . 2005).

References and Recommended Reading

Bai, Y. et al. Ecosystem stability and compensatory effects in the Inner Mongolia grassland. Nature 431 , 181–184 (2004).

Balvanera, P. et al. Quantifying the evidence for biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning and services. Ecology Letters 9 , 1146–1156 (2006).

Fischer J. M. et al . Compensatory dynamics in zooplankton community responses to acidification: Measurement and mechanisms. Ecological Applications 11 , 1060–1072 (2001).

Hooper, D. U. et al. Effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning: A consensus of current knowledge and needs for future research. Ecological Monographs 75 , 3–35 (2005).

Ives, A. R. & Carpenter, S. R. Stability and diversity of ecosystems. Science 317 , 58–62 (2007).

Jactel, H. et al. A test of the biodiversity-stability theory: Meta-analysis of tree species diversity effects on insect pest infestations, and re-examination of responsible factors. Forest Diversity and Function 176 , 235–262 (2005).

McCann, K. S. The diversity-stability debate. Nature 405 , 228–233 (2000).

McGrady-Steed, J. et al. Biodiversity regulates ecosystem predictability. Nature 390 , 162–165 (1997).

Naeem, S. & Li, S. Biodiversity enhances ecosystem reliability. Nature 390 , 507–509 (1997).

Naeem, S. et al . Declining biodiversity can alter the performance of ecosystems. Nature 368 , 734–737 (1994).

Sala, O. E. et al. Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science 287 , 1770–1774 (2000).

Schindler, D. W. Experimental perturbations of whole lakes as tests of hypotheses concerning ecosystem structure and function. Oikos 57 , 25–41 (1990).

Stork, N. E. Re-assessing current extinction rates. Biodiversity and Conservation 19 , 357–371 (2010).

Tilman, D. et al. Biodiversity and ecosystem stability in a decade-long grassland experiment. Nature 441 , 629–632 (2006).

Wardle, D. A. et al. Stability of ecosystem properties in response to above-ground functional group richness and composition. Oikos 89 , 11–23 (2000).

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Biodiversity Benefits for Ecology Essay

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Introduction

Benefits of biodiversity.

According to the most common definition, biodiversity simply refers to having a variety of species. It is a reflection of the population, variety and variability of organisms on earth. Biodiversity includes diversification within and between different species and among ecosystems.

This variation of species in the ecosystem is a very important concept and factor that indeed is the basis for sustaining life on our planet. Considering such a great role of this matter, it is regrettable that biodiversity has been threatened by a number of factors largely fueled by human activities in recent days. This essay discusses the benefits of biodiversity on both the human beings and other living things.

To start with, biodiversity provides most of the food that humans and other living beings use for their survival. Humans feed on a wide array of living organisms like animals, plants, fish and others, which provide holistic nutritional value to them. Likewise, predators depend on other animals for food while plants rely on microorganisms to keep soil suitable for growth. Clearly, with an alteration in biodiversity, not only humans but also many other species of living things stand to suffer.

Secondly, biodiversity is a primary and great source of medicines and herbs used all around the world to treat various illnesses and health conditions. In the developing world, herbs are harvested directly even where drugs are manufactured for the ingredients to be primarily sourced from living things, especially plants. To give a more specific example, penicillin and anesthetics, which are commonly used in human treatment, are got from animal species and microbes.

Biodiversity is important for fighting against different threats that can harm our health and life. With a rich genetic composition within a species, the capacity to counter different bacteria, virus and other health impairing factors is greatly improved. For example, human beings avoid inbreeding in order to expand their genetic diversity, thereby this factor gives them an advantage and better chances to survive genetic and health attacks.

In addition, biodiversity is important for global warming mitigation. There are several plant tissues and organic matters on land and in ocean ecosystems that process carbon, which is part of the combination of greenhouse gasses contributing to climate change. For instance, as a measure for controlling the rate of global warming and desertification, countries worldwide have launched campaigns to plant many trees so that they can act as carbon sinks.

Again, biodiversity is very important for sustaining the global economy. Many people derive direct and indirect incomes from exploiting biodiversity. Indeed, it provides an important contribution to the economic development of all the nations of the world. Natural pesticides, fibers, waxes, fuel, gums, dyes and many others are goods harvested from biodiversity. Also, nature related holidays and ecotourism that are the main sources of income of many countries rely on biodiversity.

Moreover, the most important supporter of life, which is soil and water in it, depends on biodiversity for its maintenance. If the soil were eroded, then life would cease to exist very quickly. Microorganisms in the soil are responsible for breaking down organic matter and serving plants with essential nutrients. Vegetation, on the other hand, keeps soil intact and protects it.

Clean air that is very essential for life is purified by plant species, which filter unwanted and harmful particles from industries, recycle oxygen and regulate atmospheric composition. Indeed, plants use carbon dioxide to manufacture food and give out oxygen in its place.

Humans depend a lot on planted crops to provide food which are, however, susceptible to many pests. Other organisms including insects, birds and fungi eliminate a great majority of the potential pests that attack crops. These natural and cheap ways of controlling pests are far superior to artificial ones as pests often develop resistance to the latter.

The intrinsic value of biodiversity must not be also overlooked. Human beings and a number of other animals enhance their emotional wellbeing by being close to natural beauty. For example, the mutually helpful relationships between humans and biodiversity are easily discernible in arts, traditions and religions of diverse cultures all over the world. For instance, a picture depicting a beautiful; nature where green and healthy trees are represented is considered by many to have a calming effect on the human’s mind.

Generally, biodiversity provides all the basic needs of men and other higher animals. The provision of food, shelter, clothing and all the other basic needs can be traced back to the issue under the consideration. In fact, almost all food comes from living things, fabric for clothes is made from plants and skin or fir of animals while many of the materials used by people to build houses also have an organic nature and are the results of biodiversity.

That is why it is necessary to state that biodiversity is not just an important and beneficial but crucial aspect of life. Nature has its own way of balancing life, and biodiversity is at the center of this grand plan. Every single organism that exists on our planet has a role to play in supporting other life forms in all the different ecosystems. Biodiversity must be, therefore, protected and preserved if humans want the life to be sustained.

• Indoor Air Quality in Green Building Movement
• The Florida Everglades Ecology
• Healthy Nutrition: Supplements or Herbs
• Defining and Measuring Biodiversity
• The Importance of Biodiversity in Ecosystem
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• "Toxic Exposures" by Phil Brown
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Biodiversity Essay | Essay on Biodiversity for Students and Children in English

February 13, 2024 by Prasanna

Biodiversity Essay: Biodiversity refers to all the wildlife and plant life that is around us, all over the world. It refers to the plentitude of flora and fauna around the planet earth, microorganisms included. Biodiversity is incredibly essential to the planet, as it is what maintains the balance of ecological systems on the earth. As the name suggests, ‘biological diversity’ or ‘biodiversity’ refers to the enormous and diverse range of biological creatures and living beings on the planet. Many different kinds of organisms are classified under the broad topic of biodiversity. These range from the largest Blue Whales to the minuscule bacteria living on our fingertips, and the tallest trees to the smallest plants which are the mere size of mustard seeds.

You can read more  Essay Writing  about articles, events, people, sports, technology many more.

Long and Short Essays on Biodiversity for Students and Kids in English

Given below are two essays in English for students and children about the topic of ‘Biodiversity’ in both long and short form. The first essay is a long essay on the biodiversity of 400-500 words. This long essay about biodiversity is suitable for students of class 7, 8, 9 and 10, and also for competitive exam aspirants. The second essay is a short essay on biodiversity of 150-200 words. These are suitable for students and children in class 6 and below.

Long Essay on Biodiversity 500 Words in English

Below we have given a long essay on biodiversity of 500 words is helpful for classes 7, 8, 9 and 10 and Competitive Exam Aspirants. This long essay on the topic is suitable for students of class 7 to class 10, and also for competitive exam aspirants.

Biodiversity is all around us, in the potted plants and mosquitoes in our homes, to the millions of species of animals and plants that exist in the deepest forests and jungles in the world. In simple words, biodiversity refers to the plentitude of flora and fauna around us in the world, on planet earth. It plays an incredibly necessary role in the world around us, as each organism, whether plant or animal, has a relevant role to play in its ecological system.

So why is biodiversity important in the first place? The answer to this question is much more simple than you’d think it to be – biodiversity is important because it is what our planet earth is made of. Whether we are talking about the hydrosphere or all of the earth’s land, it is filled with all kinds of animals, plants, and microorganisms. Thus, if these organisms, also known as the biodiversity of planet earth, keep constantly depleting, there will be nothing left of our planet.

There are thousands of species today that are endemic to specific regions in the world, which means that if the ecosystems in those regions cease to exist, these species of flora and fauna will, too. For example, the lemurs of Madagascar are endemic to Madagascar. Due to human-made circumstances, ecosystems are being destroyed, resulting in endemic species being put under the category of endangered. Endangered species are those on the verge of extinction, more often than not, due to unnecessary human activities. The Bengal tiger is endangered, and dodo birds have been extinct for centuries now. Another word for Conservation of Biodiversity is caring for the environment.

In today’s world of new advancements in infrastructure technology everyday, world leaders find it necessary to cut down a lot of trees in forests. This process is also called deforestation and is extremely harmful to the environment. The harm to the environment is due to the loss of trees which provide us oxygen and the multitude of organisms that depend on the ecosystem that these forests provide for them. Kilometers worth of forests are cut down in the name of development, reducing the biodiversity on our planet by tens of thousands with every ecosystem destroyed.

Even though biodiversity is decreasing, there are ways to restore it, even if not completely to its full extent. The best way to do this is reforestation, which refers to replanting trees to allow the forest to grow its trees back. Another solution to battle the loss of biodiversity is to spread awareness about the repercussions of the same. Governments have gone to the extent of setting up forest reserves and conservatories to protect the wildlife and flora of specific forest regions. This shows concern and responsibility on the part of these governments.

Short Essay on Biodiversity  200 Words in English

Below we have given a short essay on biodiversity is for Classes 1,2,3,4,5 and 6. This short essay on the topic is suitable for students of class 6 and below.

Biodiversity refers to the collection of all the plants and animals on the entire planet earth. All the plants that we grow in our house, the trees in forests, the animals in the water, and even the spiders that make webs on our house walls sometimes, are all part of biodiversity. Even the tiny creatures that we cannot see without using a microscope are part of the biodiversity of our planet.

There are millions of species of plants and animals across the earth. There are different types that we find on land, in water, in snow, in the rain, etc. Different types of climate such as hot, cold, humid, dry, etc. all have different kinds of biodiversity that live in such weather.

Some of the human activities can sometimes be really terrible for the environment, such as cutting down trees to build a structure there instead. Trees are important because they provide us with oxygen which we breathe, and they are also home to many different species of animals, microorganisms, and external plants. For example, the monkeys will have no place to go if all the trees get cut down.

Biodiversity is what makes earth what it is. Because of all of this, it is crucial to conserve the biodiversity of the planet.

10 Lines About Biodiversity Essay

• Biodiversity makes up all the living beings on planet earth, including all animals, plants, and microorganisms
• Biodiversity is essential as it maintains the ecological balance of our planet
• There are many harm-causing factors the environment and biodiversity in today’s world of development and capitalism
• Many endemic species are facing the risk of endangered or extinct status due to their homes being destroyed
• Many species are endangered, which means that they are on the verge of extinction
• There are several protected conservatories and forest reserves to help preserve the biodiversity of certain regions world over
• It is vital to make efforts to restore biodiversity by reforestation
• There is a dire need to spread awareness to let people know the dire consequences of biodiversity loss
• Humans must realize the role we have played in the depletion of biodiversity
• It is time to start taking care of and protecting the earth’s flora and fauna much better than before

FAQ’s on Biodiversity Essay

Question 1. What does biodiversity mean?

Answer: Biodiversity refers to the collection of every species of plants, animals, and microorganisms all over the planet.

Question 2. Why are forests important?

Answer: Forests house millions of trees, which are the living beings that provide us with the oxygen that we breathe. Forests also house millions of different flora and fauna species that are essentially dependent on each other for survival of themselves and the earth.

Question 3. Why do we need to conserve the biodiversity on earth?

Answer: Without its biodiversity, the earth is nothing but a ball of gas, not much different from any other planet. Earth’s biodiversity is what makes it what it is, the planet where there is life as we know it. Many life forms are dependent on each other, and the earth would not be earth without its biodiversity, thus it is essential the conserve the same.

Question 4. What can I do to help the earth?

Answer: You can help to spread awareness about why saving the earth’s biodiversity is vital, and you can participate in ecological events like tree plantation drives. You can donate money to charities that work towards conservation practices and protest development that requires the destruction of forests and biodiversity.

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21.1 Importance of Biodiversity

Learning objectives.

• Describe biodiversity as the equilibrium of naturally fluctuating rates of extinction and speciation
• Identify benefits of biodiversity to humans

Biodiversity is a broad term for biological variety, and it can be measured at a number of organizational levels. Traditionally, ecologists have measured biodiversity by taking into account both the number of species and the number of individuals in each of those species. However, biologists are using measures of biodiversity at several levels of biological organization (including genes, populations, and ecosystems) to help focus efforts to preserve the biologically and technologically important elements of biodiversity.

When biodiversity loss through extinction is thought of as the loss of the passenger pigeon, the dodo, or, even, the woolly mammoth there seems to be no reason to care about it because these events happened long ago. How is the loss practically important for the welfare of the human species? Would these species have made our lives any better? From the perspective of evolution and ecology, the loss of a particular individual species, with some exceptions, may seem unimportant, but the current accelerated extinction rate means the loss of tens of thousands of species within our lifetimes. Much of this loss is occurring in tropical rainforests like the one pictured in Figure 21.2 , which are especially high-diversity ecosystems that are being cleared for timber and agriculture. This is likely to have dramatic effects on human welfare through the collapse of ecosystems and in added costs to maintain food production, clean air and water, and improve human health.

Biologists recognize that human populations are embedded in ecosystems and are dependent on them, just as is every other species on the planet. Agriculture began after early hunter-gatherer societies first settled in one place and heavily modified their immediate environment: the ecosystem in which they existed. This cultural transition has made it difficult for humans to recognize their dependence on living things other than crops and domesticated animals on the planet. Today our technology smoothes out the extremes of existence and allows many of us to live longer, more comfortable lives, but ultimately the human species cannot exist without its surrounding ecosystems. Our ecosystems provide our food. This includes living plants that grow in soil ecosystems and the animals that eat these plants (or other animals) as well as photosynthetic organisms in the oceans and the other organisms that eat them. Our ecosystems have provided and will provide many of the medications that maintain our health, which are commonly made from compounds found in living organisms. Ecosystems provide our clean water, which is held in lake and river ecosystems or passes through terrestrial ecosystems on its way into groundwater.

Types of Biodiversity

A common meaning of biodiversity is simply the number of species in a location or on Earth; for example, the American Ornithologists’ Union lists 2078 species of birds in North and Central America. This is one measure of the bird biodiversity on the continent. More sophisticated measures of diversity take into account the relative abundances of species. For example, a forest with 10 equally common species of trees is more diverse than a forest that has 10 species of trees wherein just one of those species makes up 95 percent of the trees rather than them being equally distributed. Biologists have also identified alternate measures of biodiversity, some of which are important in planning how to preserve biodiversity.

Genetic and Chemical Biodiversity

Genetic diversity is one alternate concept of biodiversity. Genetic diversity (or variation) is the raw material for adaptation in a species. A species’ future potential for adaptation depends on the genetic diversity held in the genomes of the individuals in populations that make up the species. The same is true for higher taxonomic categories. A genus with very different types of species will have more genetic diversity than a genus with species that look alike and have similar ecologies. The genus with the greatest potential for subsequent evolution is the most genetically diverse one.

Most genes code for proteins, which in turn carry out the metabolic processes that keep organisms alive and reproducing. Genetic diversity can also be conceived of as chemical diversity in that species with different genetic makeups produce different assortments of chemicals in their cells (proteins as well as the products and byproducts of metabolism). This chemical diversity is important for humans because of the potential uses for these chemicals, such as medications. For example, the drug eptifibatide is derived from rattlesnake venom and is used to prevent heart attacks in individuals with certain heart conditions.

At present, it is far cheaper to discover compounds made by an organism than to imagine them and then synthesize them in a laboratory. Chemical diversity is one way to measure diversity that is important to human health and welfare. Through selective breeding, humans have domesticated animals, plants, and fungi, but even this diversity is suffering losses because of market forces and increasing globalism in human agriculture and migration. For example, international seed companies produce only a very few varieties of a given crop and provide incentives around the world for farmers to buy these few varieties while abandoning their traditional varieties, which are far more diverse. The human population depends on crop diversity directly as a stable food source and its decline is troubling to biologists and agricultural scientists.

Ecosystems Diversity

It is also useful to define ecosystem diversity : the number of different ecosystems on Earth or in a geographical area. Whole ecosystems can disappear even if some of the species might survive by adapting to other ecosystems. The loss of an ecosystem means the loss of the interactions between species, the loss of unique features of coadaptation, and the loss of biological productivity that an ecosystem is able to create. An example of a largely extinct ecosystem in North America is the prairie ecosystem ( Figure 21.3 ). Prairies once spanned central North America from the boreal forest in northern Canada down into Mexico. They are now all but gone, replaced by crop fields, pasture lands, and suburban sprawl. Many of the species survive, but the hugely productive ecosystem that was responsible for creating our most productive agricultural soils is now gone. As a consequence, their soils are now being depleted unless they are maintained artificially at greater expense. The decline in soil productivity occurs because the interactions in the original ecosystem have been lost; this was a far more important loss than the relatively few species that were driven extinct when the prairie ecosystem was destroyed.

Current Species Diversity

Despite considerable effort, knowledge of the species that inhabit the planet is limited. A recent estimate suggests that the eukaryote species for which science has names, about 1.5 million species, account for less than 20 percent of the total number of eukaryote species present on the planet (8.7 million species, by one estimate). Estimates of numbers of prokaryotic species are largely guesses, but biologists agree that science has only just begun to catalog their diversity. Even with what is known, there is no centralized repository of names or samples of the described species; therefore, there is no way to be sure that the 1.5 million descriptions is an accurate number. It is a best guess based on the opinions of experts on different taxonomic groups. Given that Earth is losing species at an accelerating pace, science knows little about what is being lost. Table 21.1 presents recent estimates of biodiversity in different groups.

There are various initiatives to catalog described species in accessible and more organized ways, and the internet is facilitating that effort. Nevertheless, at the current rate of species description, which according to the State of Observed Species 1 reports is 17,000–20,000 new species a year, it would take close to 500 years to describe all of the species currently in existence. The task, however, is becoming increasingly impossible over time as extinction removes species from Earth faster than they can be described.

Naming and counting species may seem an unimportant pursuit given the other needs of humanity, but it is not simply an accounting. Describing species is a complex process by which biologists determine an organism’s unique characteristics and whether or not that organism belongs to any other described species. It allows biologists to find and recognize the species after the initial discovery to follow up on questions about its biology. That subsequent research will produce the discoveries that make the species valuable to humans and to our ecosystems. Without a name and description, a species cannot be studied in depth and in a coordinated way by multiple scientists.

Patterns of Biodiversity

Biodiversity is not evenly distributed on the planet. Lake Victoria contained almost 500 species of cichlids (only one family of fishes present in the lake) before the introduction of an exotic species in the 1980s and 1990s caused a mass extinction. All of these species were found only in Lake Victoria, which is to say they were endemic. Endemic species are found in only one location. For example, the blue jay is endemic to North America, while the Barton Springs salamander is endemic to the mouth of one spring in Austin, Texas. Endemics with highly restricted distributions, like the Barton Springs salamander, are particularly vulnerable to extinction. Higher taxonomic levels, such as genera and families, can also be endemic.

Lake Huron contains about 79 species of fish, all of which are found in many other lakes in North America. What accounts for the difference in diversity between Lake Victoria and Lake Huron? Lake Victoria is a tropical lake, while Lake Huron is a temperate lake. Lake Huron in its present form is only about 7,000 years old, while Lake Victoria in its present form is about 15,000 years old. These two factors, latitude and age, are two of several hypotheses biogeographers have suggested to explain biodiversity patterns on Earth.

Career Connection

Biogeography.

Biogeography is the study of the distribution of the world’s species both in the past and in the present. The work of biogeographers is critical to understanding our physical environment, how the environment affects species, and how changes in environment impact the distribution of a species.

There are three main fields of study under the heading of biogeography: ecological biogeography, historical biogeography (called paleobiogeography), and conservation biogeography. Ecological biogeography studies the current factors affecting the distribution of plants and animals. Historical biogeography, as the name implies, studies the past distribution of species. Conservation biogeography, on the other hand, is focused on the protection and restoration of species based upon the known historical and current ecological information. Each of these fields considers both zoogeography and phytogeography—the past and present distribution of animals and plants.

One of the oldest observed patterns in ecology is that biodiversity in almost every taxonomic group of organism increases as latitude declines. In other words, biodiversity increases closer to the equator ( Figure 21.4 ).

It is not yet clear why biodiversity increases closer to the equator, but hypotheses include the greater age of the ecosystems in the tropics versus temperate regions, which were largely devoid of life or drastically impoverished during the last ice age. The greater age provides more time for speciation. Another possible explanation is the greater energy the tropics receive from the sun versus the lesser energy input in temperate and polar regions. But scientists have not been able to explain how greater energy input could translate into more species. The complexity of tropical ecosystems may promote speciation by increasing the habitat heterogeneity , or number of ecological niches, in the tropics relative to higher latitudes. The greater heterogeneity provides more opportunities for coevolution, specialization, and perhaps greater selection pressures leading to population differentiation. However, this hypothesis suffers from some circularity—ecosystems with more species encourage speciation, but how did they get more species to begin with? The tropics have been perceived as being more stable than temperate regions, which have a pronounced climate and day-length seasonality. The tropics have their own forms of seasonality, such as rainfall, but they are generally assumed to be more stable environments and this stability might promote speciation.

Regardless of the mechanisms, it is certainly true that biodiversity is greatest in the tropics. The number of endemic species is higher in the tropics. The tropics also contain more biodiversity hotspots. At the same time, our knowledge of the species living in the tropics is lowest and because of recent, heavy human activity the potential for biodiversity loss is greatest.

Importance of Biodiversity

Loss of biodiversity eventually threatens other species we do not impact directly because of their interconnectedness; as species disappear from an ecosystem other species are threatened by the changes in available resources. Biodiversity is important to the survival and welfare of human populations because it has impacts on our health and our ability to feed ourselves through agriculture and harvesting populations of wild animals.

Human Health

Many medications are derived from natural chemicals made by a diverse group of organisms. For example, many plants produce secondary plant compounds , which are toxins used to protect the plant from insects and other animals that eat them. Some of these secondary plant compounds also work as human medicines. Contemporary societies that live close to the land often have a broad knowledge of the medicinal uses of plants growing in their area. For centuries in Europe, older knowledge about the medical uses of plants was compiled in herbals—books that identified the plants and their uses. Humans are not the only animals to use plants for medicinal reasons. The other great apes, orangutans, chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas have all been observed self-medicating with plants.

Modern pharmaceutical science also recognizes the importance of these plant compounds. Examples of significant medicines derived from plant compounds include aspirin, codeine, digoxin, atropine, and vincristine ( Figure 21.5 ). Many medications were once derived from plant extracts but are now synthesized. It is estimated that, at one time, 25 percent of modern drugs contained at least one plant extract. That number has probably decreased to about 10 percent as natural plant ingredients are replaced by synthetic versions of the plant compounds. Antibiotics, which are responsible for extraordinary improvements in health and lifespans in developed countries, are compounds largely derived from fungi and bacteria.

In recent years, animal venoms and poisons have excited intense research for their medicinal potential. By 2007, the FDA had approved five drugs based on animal toxins to treat diseases such as hypertension, chronic pain, and diabetes. Another five drugs are undergoing clinical trials and at least six drugs are being used in other countries. Other toxins under investigation come from mammals, snakes, lizards, various amphibians, fish, snails, octopuses, and scorpions.

Aside from representing billions of dollars in profits, these medications improve people’s lives. Pharmaceutical companies are actively looking for new natural compounds that can function as medicines. It is estimated that one third of pharmaceutical research and development is spent on natural compounds and that about 35 percent of new drugs brought to market between 1981 and 2002 were from natural compounds.

Finally, it has been argued that humans benefit psychologically from living in a biodiverse world. The chief proponent of this idea is entomologist E. O. Wilson. He argues that human evolutionary history has adapted us to living in a natural environment and that built environments generate stresses that affect human health and well-being. There is considerable research into the psychologically regenerative benefits of natural landscapes that suggest the hypothesis may hold some truth.

Agricultural

Since the beginning of human agriculture more than 10,000 years ago, human groups have been breeding and selecting crop varieties. This crop diversity matched the cultural diversity of highly subdivided populations of humans. For example, potatoes were domesticated beginning around 7,000 years ago in the central Andes of Peru and Bolivia. The people in this region traditionally lived in relatively isolated settlements separated by mountains. The potatoes grown in that region belong to seven species and the number of varieties likely is in the thousands. Each variety has been bred to thrive at particular elevations and soil and climate conditions. The diversity is driven by the diverse demands of the dramatic elevation changes, the limited movement of people, and the demands created by crop rotation for different varieties that will do well in different fields.

Potatoes are only one example of agricultural diversity. Every plant, animal, and fungus that has been cultivated by humans has been bred from original wild ancestor species into diverse varieties arising from the demands for food value, adaptation to growing conditions, and resistance to pests. The potato demonstrates a well-known example of the risks of low crop diversity: during the tragic Irish potato famine (1845–1852 AD), the single potato variety grown in Ireland became susceptible to a potato blight—wiping out the crop. The loss of the crop led to famine, death, and mass emigration. Resistance to disease is a chief benefit to maintaining crop biodiversity and lack of diversity in contemporary crop species carries similar risks. Seed companies, which are the source of most crop varieties in developed countries, must continually breed new varieties to keep up with evolving pest organisms. These same seed companies, however, have participated in the decline of the number of varieties available as they focus on selling fewer varieties in more areas of the world replacing traditional local varieties.

The ability to create new crop varieties relies on the diversity of varieties available and the availability of wild forms related to the crop plant. These wild forms are often the source of new gene variants that can be bred with existing varieties to create varieties with new attributes. Loss of wild species related to a crop will mean the loss of potential in crop improvement. Maintaining the genetic diversity of wild species related to domesticated species ensures our continued supply of food.

Since the 1920s, government agriculture departments have maintained seed banks of crop varieties as a way to maintain crop diversity. This system has flaws because over time seed varieties are lost through accidents and there is no way to replace them. In 2008, the Svalbard Global seed Vault, located on Spitsbergen island, Norway, ( Figure 21.6 ) began storing seeds from around the world as a backup system to the regional seed banks. If a regional seed bank stores varieties in Svalbard, losses can be replaced from Svalbard should something happen to the regional seeds. The Svalbard seed vault is deep into the rock of the arctic island. Conditions within the vault are maintained at ideal temperature and humidity for seed survival, but the deep underground location of the vault in the arctic means that failure of the vault’s systems will not compromise the climatic conditions inside the vault.

Visual Connection

The Svalbard seed vault is located on Spitsbergen island in Norway, which has an arctic climate. Why might an arctic climate be good for seed storage?

Although crops are largely under our control, our ability to grow them is dependent on the biodiversity of the ecosystems in which they are grown. That biodiversity creates the conditions under which crops are able to grow through what are known as ecosystem services—valuable conditions or processes that are carried out by an ecosystem. Crops are not grown, for the most part, in built environments. They are grown in soil. Although some agricultural soils are rendered sterile using controversial pesticide treatments, most contain a huge diversity of organisms that maintain nutrient cycles—breaking down organic matter into nutrient compounds that crops need for growth. These organisms also maintain soil texture that affects water and oxygen dynamics in the soil that are necessary for plant growth. Replacing the work of these organisms in forming arable soil is not practically possible. These kinds of processes are called ecosystem services. They occur within ecosystems, such as soil ecosystems, as a result of the diverse metabolic activities of the organisms living there, but they provide benefits to human food production, drinking water availability, and breathable air.

Other key ecosystem services related to food production are plant pollination and crop pest control. It is estimated that honeybee pollination within the United States brings in $1.6 billion per year; other pollinators contribute up to $6.7 billion. Over 150 crops in the United States require pollination to produce. Many honeybee populations are managed by beekeepers who rent out their hives’ services to farmers. Honeybee populations in North America have been suffering large losses caused by a syndrome known as colony collapse disorder, a new phenomenon with an unclear cause. Other pollinators include a diverse array of other bee species and various insects and birds. Loss of these species would make growing crops requiring pollination impossible, increasing dependence on other crops.

Finally, humans compete for their food with crop pests, most of which are insects. Pesticides control these competitors, but these are costly and lose their effectiveness over time as pest populations adapt. They also lead to collateral damage by killing non-pest species as well as beneficial insects like honeybees, and risking the health of agricultural workers and consumers. Moreover, these pesticides may migrate from the fields where they are applied and do damage to other ecosystems like streams, lakes, and even the ocean. Ecologists believe that the bulk of the work in removing pests is actually done by predators and parasites of those pests, but the impact has not been well studied. A review found that in 74 percent of studies that looked for an effect of landscape complexity (forests and fallow fields near to crop fields) on natural enemies of pests, the greater the complexity, the greater the effect of pest-suppressing organisms. Another experimental study found that introducing multiple enemies of pea aphids (an important alfalfa pest) increased the yield of alfalfa significantly. This study shows that a diversity of pests is more effective at control than one single pest. Loss of diversity in pest enemies will inevitably make it more difficult and costly to grow food. The world’s growing human population faces significant challenges in the increasing costs and other difficulties associated with producing food.

Wild Food Sources

In addition to growing crops and raising food animals, humans obtain food resources from wild populations, primarily wild fish populations. For about one billion people, aquatic resources provide the main source of animal protein. But since 1990, production from global fisheries has declined. Despite considerable effort, few fisheries on Earth are managed sustainability.

Fishery extinctions rarely lead to complete extinction of the harvested species, but rather to a radical restructuring of the marine ecosystem in which a dominant species is so over-harvested that it becomes a minor player, ecologically. In addition to humans losing the food source, these alterations affect many other species in ways that are difficult or impossible to predict. The collapse of fisheries has dramatic and long-lasting effects on local human populations that work in the fishery. In addition, the loss of an inexpensive protein source to populations that cannot afford to replace it will increase the cost of living and limit societies in other ways. In general, the fish taken from fisheries have shifted to smaller species and the larger species are overfished. The ultimate outcome could clearly be the loss of aquatic systems as food sources.

Link to Learning

Visit this website to view a brief video discussing a study of declining fisheries.

• 1 International Institute for Species Exploration (IISE), 2011 State of Observed Species (SOS) . Tempe, AZ: IISE, 2011. Accessed May, 20, 2012. http://species.asu.edu/SOS.

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• Authors: Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise
• Publisher/website: OpenStax
• Book title: Concepts of Biology
• Publication date: Apr 25, 2013
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Biodiversity includes not only species we consider rare, threatened, or endangered but also every living thing—from humans to organisms we know little about, such as microbes, fungi, and invertebrates.

At the Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, we include humans and human cultural diversity as a part of biodiversity. We use the term “ biocultural ” to describe the dynamic, continually evolving and interconnected nature of people and place, and the notion that social and biological dimensions are interrelated. This concept recognizes that human use, knowledge, and beliefs influence, and in turn are influenced, by the ecological systems of which human communities are a part. This relationship makes all of biodiversity, including the species, land and seascapes, and the cultural links to the places where we live—be right where we are or in distant lands—important to our wellbeing as they all play a role in maintaining a diverse and healthy planet.

How do we study biodiversity?

Exploration and monitoring.

To study biodiversity, scientists conduct expeditions to survey and monitor species, habitats, and their interactions. On these expeditions, scientists ask questions about, measure, and collect data on various dimensions, such as population sizes and trends, distribution and habitat use, and impacts of management or other human activities. From primates in Southeast Asia to flamingos in the Andes, the CBC is engaged in numerous monitoring projects across the globe.

Tools of the trade 

Biodiversity scientists use a variety of tools for collecting and analyzing data at various scales. Landscape monitoring techniques , for instance, use imaging systems such as remote sensing and drones to capture images across an area. Machine learning can be used to identify and count species or classify landscape types captured in these images or in video or audio clips. Mathematical modeling with software such as Maxent enables scientists to model species niches and distributions across these landscapes and predict how they will respond to climate change. New technological advances enhance our ability to monitor biodiversity and implement conservation and management activities.

Read more about the CBC’s Biodiversity Informatics Program to learn how information technology can be used to collect, organize, and analyze biodiversity data.

Synthesizing evidence

The vast knowledge collected through these various methods forms the evidence that decision-makers need to enact effective and sustainable conservation approaches.

Learn more about our evidence-informed practice by reading about the CBC’s Evidence Initiative .

Building capacity

By strengthening the ability of community leaders, educators, managers, and other professionals to study biodiversity, we improve our ability to effectively manage and conserve the variety of life.

The CBC’s program in Southeast Asia develops capacity for conservation science through multidisciplinary research training of Vietnames graduate and undergraduate students, direct training of protected area staff in survey techniques, and co-leading training workshops on improving wildlife trade management.

The CBC’s Network of Conservation Educators and Practitioners (NCEP) improves training, teaching, and learning in biodiversity conservation with up-to-date, open-access resources for teaching and learning on a range of conservation topics, and by leading training and research initiatives to advance the field of conservation education.

Why is biodiversity important?

Biodiversity is important to most aspects of our lives. We value biodiversity for many reasons, some utilitarian, some intrinsic. This means we value biodiversity both for what it provides to humans, and for the value it has in its own right. Utilitarian values include the many basic needs humans obtain from biodiversity such as food, fuel, shelter, and medicine. Further, ecosystems provide crucial services such as pollination, seed dispersal, climate regulation, water purification, nutrient cycling, and control of agricultural pests. Biodiversity also holds value for potential benefits not yet recognized, such as new medicines and other possible unknown services. Biodiversity has cultural value to humans as well, for spiritual or religious reasons for instance. The intrinsic value of biodiversity refers to its inherent worth, which is independent of its value to anyone or anything else. This is more of a philosophical concept, which can be thought of as the inalienable right to exist. Finally, the value of biodiversity can also be understood through the lens of the relationships we form and strive for with each other and the rest of nature. We may value biodiversity because of how it shapes who we are, our relationships to each other, and social norms. These relational values are part of peoples’ individual or collective sense of wellbeing, responsibility for, and connection with the environment. The different values placed on biodiversity are important because they can influence the conservation decisions people make every day.

Developing community-based partnerships are crucial for supporting communities in the management and conservation of biodiversity that are vital to their wellbeing.

Threats to Biodiversity

Over the last century, humans have come to dominate the planet, causing rapid ecosystem change and massive loss of biodiversity across the planet. This has led some people to refer to the time we now live in as the “anthropocene.” While the Earth has always experienced changes and extinctions, today they are occurring at an unprecedented rate. Major direct threats to biodiversity include habitat loss and fragmentation, unsustainable resource use, invasive species, pollution, and global climate change. The underlying causes of biodiversity loss, such as a growing human population and overconsumption are often complex and stem from many interrelated factors.

The good news is that it is within our power to change our actions to help ensure the survival of species and the health and integrity of ecological systems. By understanding threats to biodiversity, and how they play out in context, we can be best prepared to manage conservation challenges. The conservation efforts of the last decades have made a significant difference in the state of biodiversity today. Over 100,000 protected areas—including national parks, wildlife refuges, game reserves, and marine protected areas, managed both by governments and local communities—provide habitat for wildlife, and help keep deforestation in check. Other types of conservation actions such as restoration, reintroduction, and the control of invasive species, have also had positive impacts on conservation efforts And these efforts have been bolstered by continuous efforts to improve environmental policies at local, regional, and global scales. It is vitally important that these policies recognize and center local values, needs, and realities to sustainably manage resources for healthy ecological as well as human communities.  By acknowledging the interconnections and feedbacks between people and nature, assessing our existing knowledge, and applying evidence to our conservation decisions, we can develop effective approaches for conservation and sustainability for all life on Earth.

Learn more about what we do and what you can do to make a difference today.

Why is biodiversity important?

Biodiversity is essential for the processes that support all life on Earth, including humans. Without a wide range of animals, plants and microorganisms, we cannot have the healthy ecosystems that we rely on to provide us with the air we breathe and the food we eat. And people also value nature of itself.

Some aspects of biodiversity are instinctively widely valued by people but the more we study biodiversity the more we see that all of it is important – even bugs and bacteria that we can’t see or may not like the look of. There are lots of ways that humans depend upon biodiversity and it is vital for us to conserve it. Pollinators such as birds, bees and other insects are estimated to be responsible for a third of the world’s crop production. Without pollinators we would not have apples, cherries, blueberries, almonds and many other foods we eat. Agriculture is also reliant upon invertebrates – they help to maintain the health of the soil crops grow in.  Soil is teeming with microbes that are vital for liberating nutrients that plants need to grow, which are then also passed to us when we eat them. Life from the oceans provides the main source of animal protein for many people.

Trees, bushes and wetlands and wild grasslands naturally slow down water and help soil to absorb rainfall. When they are removed it can increase flooding. Trees and other plants clean the air we breathe and help us tackle the global challenge of climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide. Coral reefs and mangrove forests act as natural defences protecting coastlines from waves and storms. 

Many of our medicines, along with other complex chemicals that we use in our daily lives such as latex and rubber, also originate from plants. Spending time in nature is increasingly understood to lead to improvements in people’s physical and mental health. Simply having green spaces and trees in cities has been shown to decrease hospital admissions, reduce stress and lower blood pressure.

Further reading

Plural valuation of nature matters for environmental sustainability and justice by Berta Martin-Lopez, Social-Ecological Systems Institute, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Germany

Climate change and biodiversity

Human activities are changing the climate. Science can help us understand what we are doing to habitats and the climate, but also find solutions.

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Measuring biodiversity

Counting species.

What is the definition of biodiversity?

What are the ways to measure biodiversity.

biodiversity

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• Table Of Contents

Biodiversity, also called biological diversity, is the variety of life found in a place on Earth or, often, the total variety of life on Earth. A common measure of this variety, called species richness, is the count of species in an area. Biodiversity also encompasses the genetic variety within each species and the variety of ecosystems that species create.

Examining counts of species is the most common method used to compare the biodiversity of various places. A second way to weigh species biodiversity is to recognize the unique biodiversity of those habitats that contain few but unusual species, such as volcanoes, thermal vents, and hot springs. In practice, biodiversity is weighted differently for different species.

What has led to the decline in biodiversity in recent times?

The pace of decline and extinctions in biodiversity has risen dramatically over the last century, as the effects of climate change increased and human activities such as agriculture, fishing, and hunting continued to encroach into more remote natural areas all over the world.

Which year was named the International Year of Biodiversity?

The United Nations named 2010 as the International Year of Biodiversity. It was a yearlong celebration intended to raise public awareness about the importance of biodiversity and the need to reinforce conservation efforts.

How many species are on the extinction list in the biodiversity report for 2019?

A 2019 report by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services noted that up to one million plant and animal species are facing extinction because of human activity.

Recent News

biodiversity , the variety of life found in a place on Earth or, often, the total variety of life on Earth. A common measure of this variety, called species richness , is the count of species in an area. Colombia and Kenya , for example, each have more than 1,000 breeding species of birds , whereas the forests of Great Britain and of eastern North America are home to fewer than 200. A coral reef off northern Australia may have 500 species of fish, while the rocky shoreline of Japan may be home to only 100 species. Such numbers capture some of the differences between places—the tropics, for example, have more biodiversity than temperate regions—but raw species count is not the only measure of diversity . Furthermore, biodiversity encompasses the genetic variety within each species and the variety of ecosystems that species create.

(Read E.O. Wilson’s Britannica essay on mass extinction.)

Although examining counts of species is perhaps the most common method used to compare the biodiversity of various places, in practice biodiversity is weighted differently for different species, the reason being that some species are deemed more valuable or more interesting than others. One way this “value” or “interest” is assessed is by examining the diversity that exists above the species level, in the genera, families, orders, classes, and phyla to which species belong ( see taxonomy ). For example, the count of animal species that live on land is much higher than the count of those that live in the oceans because there are huge numbers of terrestrial insect species; insects comprise many orders and families, and they constitute the largest class of arthropods , which themselves constitute the largest animal phylum. In contrast, there are fewer animal phyla in terrestrial environments than in the oceans . No animal phylum is restricted to the land, but brachiopods ( see lamp shell ), pogonophorans ( see beardworm ), and other animal phyla occur exclusively or predominantly in marine habitats.

Some species have no close relatives and exist alone in their genus, whereas others occur in genera made up of hundreds of species. Given this, one can ask whether it is a species belonging to the former or latter category that is more important. On one hand, a taxonomically distinct species—the only one in its genus or family, for example—may be more likely to be distinct biochemically and so be a valuable source for medicines simply because there is nothing else quite like it. On the other hand, although the only species in a genus carries more genetic novelty, a species belonging to a large genus might possess something of the evolutionary vitality that has led its genus to be so diverse .

A second way to weight species biodiversity is to recognize the unique biodiversity of those environments that contain few species but unusual ones. Dramatic examples come from extreme environments such as the summits of active Antarctic volcanoes (e.g., Mt. Erebus [ see Ross Island ] and Mt. Melbourne in the Ross Sea region), hot springs (e.g., Yellowstone National Park in the western United States), or deep-sea hydrothermal vents ( see marine ecosystem: Organisms of the deep-sea vents ). The numbers of species found in these places may be smaller than almost anywhere else, yet the species are quite distinctive. One such species is the bacterium Thermus aquaticus , found in the hot springs of Yellowstone. From this organism was isolated Taq polymerase, a heat -resistant enzyme crucial for a DNA -amplification technique widely used in research and medical diagnostics ( see polymerase chain reaction ).

More generally, areas differ in the biodiversity of species found only there. Species having relatively small ranges are called endemic species . On remote oceanic islands, almost all the native species are endemic . The Hawaiian Islands , for example, have about 1,000 plant species, a small number compared with those at the same latitude in continental Central America . Almost all the Hawaiian species, however, are found only there, whereas the species on continents may be much more widespread. Endemic species are much more vulnerable to human activity than are more widely distributed species, because it is easier to destroy all the habitat in a small geographic range than in a large one.

In addition to diversity among species, the concept of biodiversity includes the genetic diversity within species. One example is our own species, for we differ in a wide variety of characteristics that are partly or wholly genetically determined, including height, weight , skin and eye colour, behavioral traits, and resistance to various diseases . Likewise, genetic variety within a plant species may include the differences in individual plants that confer resistance to different diseases. For plants that are domesticated, such as rice, these differences may be of considerable economic importance, for they are the source of new disease-resistant domestic varieties.

The idea of biodiversity also encompasses the range of ecological communities that species form. A common approach to quantifying this type of diversity is to record the variety of ecological communities an area may contain. It is generally accepted that an area having, say, both forests and prairies is more diverse than one with forests alone, because each of these assemblages is expected to house different species. This conclusion, however, is indirect—i.e., it is likely based on differences in vegetation structure or appearance rather than directly on lists of species.

Forest and prairie are just two of a plethora of names applied to ecological assemblages defined in a variety of ways, methods, and terms, and many ideas exist regarding what constitutes an assemblage. Technical terms that imply different degrees to which assemblages can be divided spatially include association , habitat , ecosystem , biome , life zone , ecoregion , landscape , or biotype . There is also no agreement on the boundaries of assemblages—say, where the forest biome ends and the prairie biome begins. Nonetheless, especially when these approaches are applied globally, as with the ecoregions used by the World Wide Fund for Nature (World Wildlife Fund, WWF), they provide a useful guide to biodiversity patterns.

The catalog of Earth’s biodiversity is very incomplete. About 1.9 million species have scientific names. Estimates of the total number of living species cluster around 10 million, which means that most species have not been discovered and described. (These estimates omit bacteria because of the practical problems in defining bacterial species.) Simply counting species must be, at best, an incomplete measure of biodiversity, for most species cannot be counted within a reasonable time. At the present rate of describing new species, it will take about 1,000 years to complete the catalog of scientific names. Of the approximately 1.9 million species now described, perhaps two-thirds are known from only one location and many from examining only one individual or a limited number of individuals, so knowledge of the genetic variation within species is even more constrained. From just a few well-studied species, it is clear that genetic variability can be substantial and that it differs in extent between species.

It should be noted that the pace of species population declines and extinctions has risen dramatically over the last century, as the effects of climate change increased and human activities such as agriculture, fishing , and hunting continued to encroach into more-remote natural areas. A 2019 report by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services noted that up to one million plant and animal species are facing extinction due to human activity. (The loss of biodiversity as a result of human activity and various methods aimed at preventing this loss are discussed in the articles conservation and biodiversity loss .)

To assist in the daunting challenge of protecting species, a number of biologically rich but threatened regions containing high numbers of endemic species have been identified and mapped. Such “ hot spots ” of biodiversity have been described to assist governments and nongovernmental organizations in the development of conservation priorities.

The United Nations named 2010 as the International Year of Biodiversity (IYB)—a yearlong celebration intended to raise public awareness about the importance of biodiversity and to reinforce conservation efforts. Many of the conservation goals promoted by the IYB have resurfaced periodically in later United Nations awareness campaigns—such as the International Year of Forests (2011), the International Year of Soil (2015), and the International Year of Sustainable Tourism for Development (2017).

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• How to Write a Diversity Essay | Tips & Examples

How to Write a Diversity Essay | Tips & Examples

Published on November 1, 2021 by Kirsten Courault . Revised on May 31, 2023.

Table of contents

What is a diversity essay, identify how you will enrich the campus community, share stories about your lived experience, explain how your background or identity has affected your life, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about college application essays.

Diversity essays ask students to highlight an important aspect of their identity, background, culture, experience, viewpoints, beliefs, skills, passions, goals, etc.

Diversity essays can come in many forms. Some scholarships are offered specifically for students who come from an underrepresented background or identity in higher education. At highly competitive schools, supplemental diversity essays require students to address how they will enhance the student body with a unique perspective, identity, or background.

In the Common Application and applications for several other colleges, some main essay prompts ask about how your background, identity, or experience has affected you.

Why schools want a diversity essay

Many universities believe a student body representing different perspectives, beliefs, identities, and backgrounds will enhance the campus learning and community experience.

Admissions officers are interested in hearing about how your unique background, identity, beliefs, culture, or characteristics will enrich the campus community.

Through the diversity essay, admissions officers want students to articulate the following:

• What makes them different from other applicants
• Stories related to their background, identity, or experience
• How their unique lived experience has affected their outlook, activities, and goals

Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.

Think about what aspects of your identity or background make you unique, and choose one that has significantly impacted your life.

For some students, it may be easy to identify what sets them apart from their peers. But if you’re having trouble identifying what makes you different from other applicants, consider your life from an outsider’s perspective. Don’t presume your lived experiences are normal or boring just because you’re used to them.

Some examples of identities or experiences that you might write about include the following:

• Race/ethnicity
• Gender identity
• Sexual orientation
• Nationality
• Socioeconomic status
• Immigration background
• Religion/belief system
• Place of residence
• Family circumstances
• Extracurricular activities related to diversity

Include vulnerable, authentic stories about your lived experiences. Maintain focus on your experience rather than going into too much detail comparing yourself to others or describing their experiences.

Keep the focus on you

Tell a story about how your background, identity, or experience has impacted you. While you can briefly mention another person’s experience to provide context, be sure to keep the essay focused on you. Admissions officers are mostly interested in learning about your lived experience, not anyone else’s.

When I was a baby, my grandmother took me in, even though that meant postponing her retirement and continuing to work full-time at the local hairdresser. Even working every shift she could, she never missed a single school play or soccer game.

She and I had a really special bond, even creating our own special language to leave each other secret notes and messages. She always pushed me to succeed in school, and celebrated every academic achievement like it was worthy of a Nobel Prize. Every month, any leftover tip money she received at work went to a special 509 savings plan for my college education.

When I was in the 10th grade, my grandmother was diagnosed with ALS. We didn’t have health insurance, and what began with quitting soccer eventually led to dropping out of school as her condition worsened. In between her doctor’s appointments, keeping the house tidy, and keeping her comfortable, I took advantage of those few free moments to study for the GED.

In school pictures at Raleigh Elementary School, you could immediately spot me as “that Asian girl.” At lunch, I used to bring leftover fun see noodles, but after my classmates remarked how they smelled disgusting, I begged my mom to make a “regular” lunch of sliced bread, mayonnaise, and deli meat.

Although born and raised in North Carolina, I felt a cultural obligation to learn my “mother tongue” and reconnect with my “homeland.” After two years of all-day Saturday Chinese school, I finally visited Beijing for the first time, expecting I would finally belong. While my face initially assured locals of my Chinese identity, the moment I spoke, my cover was blown. My Chinese was littered with tonal errors, and I was instantly labeled as an “ABC,” American-born Chinese.

I felt culturally homeless.

Speak from your own experience

Highlight your actions, difficulties, and feelings rather than comparing yourself to others. While it may be tempting to write about how you have been more or less fortunate than those around you, keep the focus on you and your unique experiences, as shown below.

I began to despair when the FAFSA website once again filled with red error messages.

I had been at the local library for hours and hadn’t even been able to finish the form, much less the other to-do items for my application.

I am the first person in my family to even consider going to college. My parents work two jobs each, but even then, it’s sometimes very hard to make ends meet. Rather than playing soccer or competing in speech and debate, I help my family by taking care of my younger siblings after school and on the weekends.

“We only speak one language here. Speak proper English!” roared a store owner when I had attempted to buy bread and accidentally used the wrong preposition.

In middle school, I had relentlessly studied English grammar textbooks and received the highest marks.

Leaving Seoul was hard, but living in West Orange, New Jersey was much harder一especially navigating everyday communication with Americans.

After sharing relevant personal stories, make sure to provide insight into how your lived experience has influenced your perspective, activities, and goals. You should also explain how your background led you to apply to this university and why you’re a good fit.

Include your outlook, actions, and goals

Conclude your essay with an insight about how your background or identity has affected your outlook, actions, and goals. You should include specific actions and activities that you have done as a result of your insight.

One night, before the midnight premiere of Avengers: Endgame , I stopped by my best friend Maria’s house. Her mother prepared tamales, churros, and Mexican hot chocolate, packing them all neatly in an Igloo lunch box. As we sat in the line snaking around the AMC theater, I thought back to when Maria and I took salsa classes together and when we belted out Selena’s “Bidi Bidi Bom Bom” at karaoke. In that moment, as I munched on a chicken tamale, I realized how much I admired the beauty, complexity, and joy in Maria’s culture but had suppressed and devalued my own.

The following semester, I joined Model UN. Since then, I have learned how to proudly represent other countries and have gained cultural perspectives other than my own. I now understand that all cultures, including my own, are equal. I still struggle with small triggers, like when I go through airport security and feel a suspicious glance toward me, or when I feel self-conscious for bringing kabsa to school lunch. But in the future, I hope to study and work in international relations to continue learning about other cultures and impart a positive impression of Saudi culture to the world.

The smell of the early morning dew and the welcoming whinnies of my family’s horses are some of my most treasured childhood memories. To this day, our farm remains so rural that we do not have broadband access, and we’re too far away from the closest town for the postal service to reach us.

Going to school regularly was always a struggle: between the unceasing demands of the farm and our lack of connectivity, it was hard to keep up with my studies. Despite being a voracious reader, avid amateur chemist, and active participant in the classroom, emergencies and unforeseen events at the farm meant that I had a lot of unexcused absences.

Although it had challenges, my upbringing taught me resilience, the value of hard work, and the importance of family. Staying up all night to watch a foal being born, successfully saving the animals from a minor fire, and finding ways to soothe a nervous mare afraid of thunder have led to an unbreakable family bond.

Our farm is my family’s birthright and our livelihood, and I am eager to learn how to ensure the farm’s financial and technological success for future generations. In college, I am looking forward to joining a chapter of Future Farmers of America and studying agricultural business to carry my family’s legacy forward.

Tailor your answer to the university

After explaining how your identity or background will enrich the university’s existing student body, you can mention the university organizations, groups, or courses in which you’re interested.

Maybe a larger public school setting will allow you to broaden your community, or a small liberal arts college has a specialized program that will give you space to discover your voice and identity. Perhaps this particular university has an active affinity group you’d like to join.

Demonstrating how a university’s specific programs or clubs are relevant to you can show that you’ve done your research and would be a great addition to the university.

At the University of Michigan Engineering, I want to study engineering not only to emulate my mother’s achievements and strength, but also to forge my own path as an engineer with disabilities. I appreciate the University of Michigan’s long-standing dedication to supporting students with disabilities in ways ranging from accessible housing to assistive technology. At the University of Michigan Engineering, I want to receive a top-notch education and use it to inspire others to strive for their best, regardless of their circumstances.

If you want to know more about academic writing , effective communication , or parts of speech , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

Academic writing

• Writing process
• Transition words
• Passive voice
• Paraphrasing

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In addition to your main college essay , some schools and scholarships may ask for a supplementary essay focused on an aspect of your identity or background. This is sometimes called a diversity essay .

Many universities believe a student body composed of different perspectives, beliefs, identities, and backgrounds will enhance the campus learning and community experience.

Admissions officers are interested in hearing about how your unique background, identity, beliefs, culture, or characteristics will enrich the campus community, which is why they assign a diversity essay .

To write an effective diversity essay , include vulnerable, authentic stories about your unique identity, background, or perspective. Provide insight into how your lived experience has influenced your outlook, activities, and goals. If relevant, you should also mention how your background has led you to apply for this university and why you’re a good fit.

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Biodiversity Essay

Biodiversity refers to the presence of different species of plants, animals, reptiles, birds, etc over a particular piece of land. It includes every organism that’s living. Biodiversity is very important for maintaining the ecological balance of a place.

Short and Long Essay on Biodiversity in English

Here I’m presenting short and long essays on Biodiversity in different words limits. This topic is useful for students of classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12, so let’s start reading:

Biodiversity Essay 10 Lines (100 – 150 Words)

1) Biodiversity refers to different living organisms residing in one area.

2) Biodiversity supports the entire flora and fauna including human beings.

3) Biodiversity contains all the resources that help humans survive.

4) Biodiversity holds economic significance to small traders and farmers.

5) On Earth, the tropical area holds more biodiversity than other areas.

6) Biodiversity plays an important role in maintaining ecological balance.

7) Excessive pollution, destruction of resources, etc harm biodiversity.

8) Steps should be taken to protect biodiversity reserves.

9) Biodiversity can be conserved by protecting natural resources.

10) Species diversity, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity are the three types of biodiversity.

Significance of Biodiversity – Essay 1 (250 Words)

Introduction

Biodiversity as the name itself suggests is the diversity in biology over a place. And the term biology includes everything that has been there naturally. It includes all the living species and organisms over an area.

Significance of Biodiversity

Biodiversity has the following significances as described below-

• Productive Significance

Biodiversity at a place produces many products with a good amount of value to humans. Different fruits, herbs and other products are used and sold by humans to sustain a living. It also contains several natural resources like water etc, which is very significant for animals and humans to sustain a living.

• Economical Significance

Biodiversity of a place provides bread and butter to a number of people. People like farmers and small traders are closely related to the biodiversity, they produce and trade the products offered by the biodiversity, to sustain their living.

• Ecological Significance

Biodiversity is very important for maintaining the ecological balance of a place. If the biodiversity of a place is disturbed so will be the ecology as all the species are interdependent. If a single species gets extinct for some reason, it is bound to make an impact on others.

Biodiversity is the heart of the planet and must be preserved as it is. Without biodiversity, there would be no life and almost all the species will extinct. Also it provides so many useful resources, necessary for survival. It is our utmost duty to preserve the biodiversity to ensure a safe future of the planet and its species.

Types of Biodiversity and Its Conservation – Essay 2 (400 Words)

Biodiversity refers to all the diverse life forms that exist on the planet. Though, the spread of biodiversity isn’t uniform throughout the planet and it is found in abundance in areas covered with dense forests. For example, biodiversity is found more in tropical areas than in other parts of the earth.

Types of Biodiversity

There are three types of biodiversity levels as described below-

• Genetic Diversity

Genetic diversity consists of all the various genes in all the animals, reptiles, plants, fungi, etc of the same species. Some of the importance of genetic diversity is species evolution, adaptive to changes in environmental conditions, good for agriculture productivity.

• Species Diversity

Species diversity accounts for the number of species over a specified area. The more variance of species resides in per unit area, the more is said to be the place’s species diversity.

• Ecosystem Diversity

Ecosystem diversity pertains to the diversity that exists between different ecosystems, habitats, and biological communities.

Conservation Methods

Biodiversity is threatened by habitat destruction, exploitation of resources, pollution, etc. It is therefore imperative that its conservation must begin with removing these obstacles. Biodiversity can only flourish if unnecessary and rampant destruction of forests is stopped; if people use the available resources sensibly; if pollution has been dealt with stern resolve. If these conditions are not met then it won’t be possible to conserve biodiversity.

However, the following measures can be taken for the conservation of biodiversity-

• Variety of plants, insects, animals, reptiles, etc. must be conserved in safe locations, just in case if they go extinct.
• Biodiversity rich areas should be declared as biodiversity reserves and human access should be allowed only for research purposes.
• Any kind of illegal trade of wildlife species, extinct or otherwise, should be highly restricted and punishable by law.
• All the natural resources – water, air, food, etc. should be adequately used and conserved as well.
• Pollution at all levels must be prevented and necessary steps to be taken to eliminate its effects on the biodiversity of the region.

Biodiversity is very essential for the existence of the ecological balance and its entire species. It is very important that it must be preserved at all costs with complete effort. If the biodiversity is not preserved then the day isn’t far away when its survival on the planet becomes so much difficult that it will become lifeless and dry.

Importance and Threats to Biodiversity – Essay 3 (500 – 600 Words)

Biodiversity, as the name indicates is the variety of life and species that exists on planet. All the species of plants, animals, reptiles, insects, aquatic life, etc, constitute the biodiversity of a particular place. Biodiversity isn’t uniformly distributed over the planet, and is found more in the forests and areas undisturbed by the humans.

Importance of Biodiversity

Each and every species found on the planet is important for the ecological balance of the planet. Every living species along with humans depend on each other.

If one species disappears or becomes extinct it affects the others as well. For example, birds play a vital role in preserving biodiversity. They feed on fruits, thereby resulting in scattering of seeds over the ground. This results in the growth of new plants and the cycle continues.

If the birds become extinct, the number of new plants germinating would be considerably less; therefore, affecting the biodiversity of the place. Also, humans also depend on biodiversity for their food supply, up to a large extent. Food, crop, fruits, underground water, etc all are the gifts of biodiversity to the human race. If the biodiversity is damaged then we will be left with no food and the planet will become lifeless and unlivable.

Threats to Biodiversity

The biodiversity today is threatened by several human activities. Some of the threats to biodiversity are listed below-

• Encroachment

Encroachment into a forested area includes civil constructions of mammoth proportions for commercial purposes. Construction of buildings, houses, factories, etc, permanently destroys the biodiversity of the place. Biodiversity doesn’t stand a chance against the concrete construction and hence gets extinct.

• Agricultural Activities

Agricultural activities are another big threat to biodiversity. Agriculture industry is the fastest growing industry as the continuous rise in populations pushes the demand for food production. This, in turn, leads to encroachment of forests. The desired area is cleared for agriculture activities; therefore, resulting in loss of biodiversity.

• Roads and Railways

Construction of roads and railway lines through a forest area is very common and also one of the prime reasons for the loss of biodiversity. Both are big projects requiring clearing off a large area of forest land. Moreover, regular transport through these modes also disturbs the area’s biodiversity.

• Drain of Resources

In wake of increasing population rate that the world is witnessing today, the drain on our natural resources is inevitable. These natural resources are an integral part of biodiversity and play a vital role in its conservation. Any disturbance in the natural resources reserve is bound to give a blow to the biodiversity of that region. Like, humans can’t survive without natural resources so other species also can’t survive without them.

• Environmental Pollution

Environmental pollution is another serious threat to the biodiversity of a region. Pollution can come in many forms, water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution, etc all having its own causes and consequences. Pollution today has become the most immediate threat to the biodiversity and the life that it sustains. It threatens every form of life over the affected area. Also, pollution has become a global concern, threatening large biodiversity reserves on the planet. If the pollution isn’t contained effectively then it would be difficult to save the biodiversity.

Biodiversity is very important for life on the planet. In fact with its biodiversity reserves gone the planet would be nothing but a lifeless ball of dry and parched land. Every species in a biodiversity reserve is interdependent and if one gets extinct then sooner or later others too will follow. Therefore, all the biodiversity reserves must be protected at all costs by taking necessary steps.

FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions on Biodiversity

Ans . The International Day for Biological Diversity is celebrated every year on 22 May.

Ans . Brazil is the country in the world that has the richest biodiversity.

Ans . The Pacific Ocean has the greatest marine diversity in the world.

Ans . There are 36 biodiversity hotspots in the world.

Ans . The Arctic region has the least biodiversity.

Ans . 2.4% of the earth is covered with biodiversity hotspots.

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Biodiversity - our strongest natural defense against climate change

Biological diversity — or biodiversity — is the variety of life on Earth, in all its forms, from genes and bacteria to entire ecosystems such as forests or coral reefs. The biodiversity we see today is the result of 4.5 billion years of evolution, increasingly influenced by humans.

Biodiversity forms the web of life that we depend on for so many things – food, water, medicine, a stable climate, economic growth, among others. Over half of global GDP is dependent on nature. More than 1 billion people rely on forests for their livelihoods. And land and the ocean absorb more than half of all carbon emissions. 

But nature is in crisis. Up to one million species are threatened with extinction, many within decades. Irreplaceable ecosystems like parts of the Amazon rainforest are turning from carbon sinks into carbon sources due to deforestation. And 85 per cent of wetlands , such as salt marshes and mangrove swamps which absorb large amounts of carbon, have disappeared.   

How is climate change affecting biodiversity?  

The main driver of biodiversity loss remains humans’ use of land – primarily for food production . Human activity has already altered over 70 per cent of all ice-free land. When land is converted for agriculture, some animal and plant species may lose their habitat and face extinction.  

But climate change is playing an increasingly important role in the decline of biodiversity. Climate change has altered marine, terrestrial, and freshwater ecosystems around the world. It has caused the loss of local species, increased diseases, and driven mass mortality of plants and animals, resulting in the first climate-driven extinctions.

On land, higher temperatures have forced animals and plants to move to higher elevations or higher latitudes, many moving towards the Earth’s poles, with far-reaching consequences for ecosystems. The risk of species extinction increases with every degree of warming.  

In the ocean, rising temperatures increase the  risk of irreversible loss of marine and coastal ecosystems . Live coral reefs , for instance, have nearly halved in the past 150 years, and further warming threatens to destroy almost all remaining reefs.  

Overall, climate change affects the health of ecosystems , influencing shifts in the distribution of plants, viruses, animals, and even human settlements. This can create increased opportunities for animals to spread diseases and for viruses to spill over to humans. Human health can also be affected by reduced ecosystem services, such as the loss of food, medicine and livelihoods provided by nature.   

Why is biodiversity essential for limiting climate change?  

When human activities produce greenhouse gases, around half of the emissions remain in the atmosphere, while the other half is  absorbed by the land and ocean . These ecosystems – and the biodiversity they contain – are natural carbon sinks, providing so-called nature-based solutions to climate change.

Protecting, managing, and restoring forests , for example, offers roughly two-thirds of the total mitigation potential of all nature-based solutions. Despite massive and ongoing losses, forests still cover more than 30 per cent of the planet’s land.

Peatlands – wetlands such as marshes and swamps – cover only 3 per cent of the world’s land, but they store twice as much carbon as all the forests. Preserving and restoring peatlands means keeping them wet so the carbon doesn’t oxidize and float off into the atmosphere. 

Ocean habitats such as seagrasses and mangroves can also  sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere  at rates up to four times higher than terrestrial forests can. Their ability to capture and store carbon make mangroves highly valuable in the fight against climate change.

Conserving and restoring natural spaces , both on land and in the water, is essential for limiting carbon emissions and adapting to an already changing climate. About one-third of the greenhouse gas emissions reductions needed in the next decade could be achieved by improving nature’s ability to absorb emissions. 

Is the UN tackling climate and biodiversity together?  

Climate change and biodiversity loss (as well as pollution) are part of an interlinked triple planetary crisis the world is facing today. They need to be tackled together if we are to advance the Sustainable Development Goals and secure a viable future on this planet.

Governments deal with climate change and biodiversity through two different international agreements – the  UN Framework Convention on Climate Change  (UNFCCC) and the  UN Convention on Biological Diversity  (CBD), both established at the 1992 Rio Earth Summit.

Similar to the historic  Paris Agreement  made in 2015 under the UNFCCC, parties to the Biodiversity Convention in December 2022 adopted an agreement for nature, known as the  Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework , which succeeds the  Aichi Biodiversity Targets  adopted in 2010.

The framework includes wide-ranging steps to tackle the causes of biodiversity loss worldwide, including climate change and pollution.

“An ambitious and effective post-2020 global biodiversity framework, with clear targets and benchmarks, can put nature and people back on track,”  the UN Secretary-General said , adding that, “this framework should work in synergy with the Paris Agreement on climate change and other multilateral agreements on forests, desertification and oceans.”

In December 2022,  governments met in Montreal, Canada  to agree on the new framework to secure an ambitious and transformative global plan to set humanity on a path to living in harmony with nature.

“Delivering on the framework will contribute to the climate agenda, while full delivery of the Paris Agreement is needed to allow the framework to succeed,”  said Inger Andersen , the head of the UN Environment Programme. “We can’t work in isolation if we are to end the triple planetary crises.”

Watch our  interview with Elizabeth Mrema , the Executive Secretary of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity.

Read the UN Secretary-General’s speech at the Countdown to COP15: Leaders Event for a Nature-Positive World in September 2022, and his remarks at the December 2022 Biodiversity Conference and Press Conference.  

Learn more about…

Climate issues

Learn more about how climate change impacts are felt across different sectors and ecosystems.

Elizabeth Mrema: Protecting the world’s biodiversity

The Executive Secretary of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Elizabeth Mrema, speaks about the interlinkages between climate change and biodiversity loss.

Hindou Ibrahim: Living in harmony with nature

“Indigenous peoples are a solution, we are not only a victim of the climate change,” says SDG Advocate and Indigenous rights activists Hindou Ibrahim.

Elliott Harris: Measure the value of nature – before it’s too late

UN Chief Economist Elliott Harris introduces a ground-breaking shift in valuing nature as a way of making more informed decisions about economies, climate action and the protection of biodiversity.

The Ocean – the world’s greatest ally against climate change

The ocean is central to reducing global greenhouse gas emissions. Here are a few reasons we need to safeguard the ocean as our best ally for climate solutions.

Renewable energy – powering a safer future

Derived from natural resources that are abundant and continuously replenished, renewable energy is key to a safer, cleaner, and sustainable world.  Explore common sources of renewable energy here.

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