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Bengali Forum
বিভিন্ন বিষয়ের উপর বাংলা রচনা | bengali essay online.
- 16 Questions
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বাংলা রচনা:
1. বিজ্ঞান মনস্কতা | Scientific Attitude Essay
2. সমাজসেবা ও ছাত্রসমাজ রচনা | Essay on Social Work and Students
3. সমাজসেবা ও ছাত্রসমাজ রচনা | Essay on Social Work and Students
4. শিক্ষা বিস্তারে গণমাধ্যমের ভূমিকা | Role of Mass Media in Education Essay
5. ভয়ংকর এক প্রাকৃতিক বিপর্যয় | Prakritik Biporjoy Essay in
6. জাতীয় সংহতি ও বিচ্ছিন্নতাবাদ | Jatiya Sanhati Essay in Bengali or National Integration Essay
7. ক্রিকেট খেলা | Essay on Cricket in Bengali language
8. গ্রন্থাগার বা লাইব্রেরী | Library Essay in Bengali language
9. বাংলাদেশের নদ নদী | Bangladesher Nod Nodi Essay
10. আমার প্রিয় গ্রন্থ । আমার প্রিয় বই | amar priyo grontho essay in bengali
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Bengali Rachana
Bengali rachana | বাংলা রচনা | class 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12.
Bengali Rachana or Bengali essay or বাংলা রচনা is a significant part of Bengali language at school levels and in higher level studies. We all know the fact that essay writing is an important part for enhancing the writing skill in any language, so, writing Bengali essays is equally important to grow the knowledge in Bengali and overall writing skills. Students learn Bengali Rachana at the initial level of primary section. Then after that students have to upgrade their writing quality with advance classes to improve their knowledge and writing. Students of all education boards including CBSE, ICSE have to learn Bengali Rachana who choose Bengali as a language in their academic learning. Though students of west Bengal board who study Bengali as their first language and continue their entire education in Bengali medium learn Bengali Rachana from the initial level. In the present article we will explain about the importance of Bengalirachona for the overall learning of students. We will also describe the needs of studying rachona based on different sections which are important from exam perspective and personal knowledge. Students will score better is if they follow the rules and techniques of rachona entirely. They can include their own style and language in rachona for producing an enriched version of language. We have provided the lists of all sections for Bengali Rachana which are helpful for students of class 6 to class 12 from all boards.
Bigyan sangkrato rachona:
Rachona about bengal:, samprotik ghatonaboli:, monishider jiboni:, conclusion:.
Answer. Students from class 6-12 will find Bengali Rachana of all important categories of their syllabus here in this article.
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English Bengali Dictionary and Translation
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Bengali (বাংলা)
Bengali is an eastern Indo-Aryan language spoken mainly in Bangladesh and northern Indian. There are about 250 million native speakers of Bengali, and another 41 million people speak it as a second langauge. In India it is spoken particularly in the states of Assam, Bihar, Odisha, Tripura and West Bengal, and in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. There are also Bengali speakers in the UAE, Pakistan, Myanmar, the USA, UK, and a number of other countries.
Bengali at a glance
- Native name : বাংলা (Bangla) [ˈbaŋla]
- Language family : Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Eastern Zone (Magadhan), Bengali–Assamese
- Number of speakers : c. 291 million
- Spoken in : Bangladesh, India, UAE, Pakistan, Myanmar, USA, UK and other countries
- First written : 11th century
- Writing system : Brahmi and Bengali alphabets
- About Bengali
- Status of Bengali
- Bengali dialects and related languages
Written Bengali
- Bengali alphabet
- Samples of written and spoken Bengali
- Links to further information about Bengali
- Useful Bengali phrases
- Bengali numbers
- Telling the time in Bengali
- Tower of Babel in Bengali
- Bengali learning materials
Official status
Bengali is the sole official language of Bangladesh, and is used in all courts, government offices and other institutions. It is also the de-facto national language.
Bengali is the official language of the India states of West Bengal, Tripura and Assam, and the second official language of Jharkhand state. It is recognized as a secondary language in Karachi in Pakistan.
Bengali dialects
There are some differences in pronunciation and vocabulary between the Bengali of Bangladesh and the Bengali spoken in India. Dialects of Bengali include Eastern Bengali, Rarhi, Varendri, Rangpuri and Manbhumi. Sylheti , Chittagonian and Chakma are considered dialects of Bengali by some people, and closely related but separate languages by others. Bengali is also closely related to Odia (Oriya) and Assamese .
The Bengali alphabet (বাংলা লিপি - Bangla lipi) is derived from the Brahmi alphabet . It is also closely related to the Devanagari alphabet, from which it started to diverge in the 11th Century AD. The current printed form of Bengali alphabet first appeared in 1778 when Charles Wilkins developed printing in Bengali. A few archaic letters were modernised during the 19th century.
Bengali has two literary styles: one is called Shadhubhôsha (সাধুভাষা - "elegant language") and the other Chôlitôbhasha (চলিতভাষা "current language"). The former is the traditional literary style based on Middle Bengali of the sixteenth century, while the later is a 20th century creation and is based on the speech of educated people in Calcutta. The differences between the two styles are not huge and involve mainly forms of pronouns and verb conjugations.
Some people prefer to call this alphabet the Eastern Nagari script or Eastern Neo-Brahmic script
Notable features
- Type of writing system : Abugida / Syllabic Alphabet
- Writing direction : left to right in horizontal lines
- Script family : Proto-Sinaitic , Phoenician , Aramaic , Brāhmī , Gupta , Siddham , Gaudi, Bengali
- Status : official language in Bangladesh, and one of the official languages of India
Atong , Bengali , Bishnupriya Manipuri , Bodo , Bhumij , Chittagonian , Garo , Hajong , Karbi , Kharia , Khasi , Koch , Koda , Kokborok , Kurmali , Malto , Manipuri , Mundari , Noakhailla , Rangpuri , Sadri , Santali , Sylheti , Toto , Tanchangya
- Consonants all have an inherent vowel which has two different pronunciations, the choice of which is not always easy to determine and which is sometimes not pronounced at all.
- Vowels can be written as independent letters, or by using a variety of diacritical marks which are written above, below, before or after the consonant they belong to.
- When consonants occur together in clusters, special conjunct letters are used. The letters for the consonants other than the final one in the group are reduced. The inherent vowel only applies to the final consonant.
Bengali alphabet (বাংলা বর্ণমালা bangla bôrnômala)
Vowels (স্বরবর্ণ) and diacritics.
Hear another recording of the Bengali vowels by Amuk F.
More consonant-vowel combinations
How to write Bengali vowels:
Consonants (ব্যঞ্জনবর্ণ)
Hear another recording of the Bengali consonants by Amuk F.
How to write Bengali consonants:
A selection of conjunct consonants
All conjunct consonants
Hear another recording of the Bengali numerals by Amuk F.
Download a spreadsheet with these charts (Excel)
Sample text in Bengali
Transliteration.
Shômôstô manush shadhinbhabe shôman môrjada ebông ôdhikar niye jônmôgrôhôn kôre. Tãder bibek ebông buddhi achhe; shutôrang shôkôleri êke ôpôrer prôti bhratrittôsulôbh mônobhab niye achôrôn kôra uchit
Transcription (IPA)
ʃɔmost̪o manuʃ ʃad̪ʱinbʱabe ʃɔman mɔɾd͡ʒad̪a eboŋ od̪ʱikaɾ nije d͡ʒɔnmogɾohon kɔɾe. t̪ãd̪eɾ bibek eboŋ bud̪ːʱi at͡ʃʰe, ʃut̪oɾaŋ ʃɔkoleɾi ɛke ɔpoɾeɾ pɾot̪i bʱɾat̪ɾit̪ːoʃulɔbʱ monobʱab nije at͡ʃɔɾon kɔɾa ut͡ʃit̪.
Transliteration and IPA transcription by Amuk F.
Hear a recording of this text
Hear another recording of this text by Amuk F.
Translation
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. (Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)
Sample videos
Information about Bengali | Phrases | Numbers | Kinship words | Time | Tower of Babel | Bengali courses on: Amazon.com and Amazon.co.uk [affilate links]
Learn Bengali with Glossika
Information about Bengali http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_language http://www.betelco.com/bd/bangla/bangla.html http://www.viswayan.com/
Online Bengali lessons http://www.bangla-online.info http://www.virtualbangladesh.com/bengali_index.html http://mylanguages.org/learn_bengali.php http://www.bangla-online.info http://www.bangalinet.com/learn_bangla.htm
Numbers in Bengali http://mylanguages.org/bengali_numbers.php http://www.connect-bangladesh.org/bangla/Numbers.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5iQtAKx8K40
Bengali phrases http://www.17-minute-world-languages.com/en/bengali/ http://mylanguages.org/multimedia/bengali_audio_phrases.php http://www.masteranylanguage.com/c/p/o/Bengali http://www.bengali-dictionary.com https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Basic_Bengali_phrases https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Bengali/Common_phrases https://www.memrise.com/course/971816/bangla-100-basic-banglabengali-phrasesnotyping/ http://wikitravel.org/en/Bengali_phrasebook
Online Bengali Dictionaries http://www.bengali-dictionary.com http://www.bdword.com/english-to-bengali-dictionary http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/biswas-bengali/ http://ovidhan.org http://www.aldictionary.com/dictionary/english-to-bengali.html
Bengali fonts http://scriptsource.org/scr/Beng http://www.omicronlab.com/bangla-fonts.html http://www.nongnu.org/freebangfont/ http://banglafont.com http://www.wazu.jp/gallery/Fonts_Bengali.html
Online radio in Bengali http://www.bbc.co.uk/bengali/ http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/ http://www.dw-world.de/dw/0,,615,00.html http://www.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/bengali/top/ http://www.banglaradio.org.au
Online Bengali news http://www.parabaas.com http://www.kheyal.com http://ajantrik.8m.net http://www.abasar.net
Bengali and Sylheti Language Services https://www.bengaliandsylheti.org/
ALPHABETUM - a Unicode font for ancient scripts, including Classical & Medieval Latin, Ancient Greek, Etruscan, Oscan, Umbrian, Faliscan, Messapic, Picene, Iberian, Celtiberian, Gothic, Runic, Old & Middle English, Hebrew, Sanskrit, Old Nordic, Ogham, Kharosthi, Glagolitic, Anatolian scripts, Phoenician, Brahmi, Imperial Aramaic, Old Turkic, Old Permic, Ugaritic, Linear B, Phaistos Disc, Meroitic, Coptic, Cypriot and Avestan. https://www.typofonts.com/alphabetum.html
Indo-Aryan languages
Awadhi , Assamese , Bagri , Bengali , Bhili , Bishnupriya Manipuri , Braj , Chakma , Chhattisgarhi , Chittagonian , Desiya , Dhatki , Dhivehi , Dhundari , Fiji Hindi , Gawar Bati , Gujarati , Hajong , Halbi , Haryanvi , Hindi , Hindko , Kannauji , Khandeshi , Konkani , Kotia , Kumaoni , Kutchi , Lambadi , Marathi , Marwari , Mewari , Modi , Nimadi , Noakhailla , Odia , Parkari Koli , Punjabi , Rajasthani , Rajbanshi , Rangpuri , Rohingya , Saraiki , Sarnámi Hindustani , Sindhi , Sinhala , Sourashtra , Sugali , Sylheti , Tanchangya , Urdu
Languages written with the Eastern Nagari (Bengali) alphabet
Abugidas / syllabic alphabets.
Ahom , Aima , Arleng , Badagu , Badlit , Basahan , Balinese , Balti-A , Balti-B , Batak , Baybayin , Bengali , Bhaiksuki , Bhujimol , Bilang-bilang , Bima , Blackfoot , Brahmi , Buhid , Burmese , Carrier , Chakma , Cham , Cree , Dehong Dai , Devanagari , Dham Lipi , Dhankari / Sirmauri , Ditema , Dives Akuru , Dogra , Ethiopic , Evēla Akuru , Fox , Fraser , Gond , Goykanadi , Grantha , Gujarati , Gunjala Gondi , Gupta , Gurmukhi , Halbi Lipi , Hanifi , Hanuno'o , Hočąk , Ibalnan , Incung , Inuktitut , Jaunsari Takri , Javanese , Kaithi , Kadamba , Kamarupi , Kannada , Kawi , Kharosthi , Khema , Khe Prih , Khmer , Khojki , Khudabadi , Kirat Rai , Kōchi , Komering , Kulitan , Kurukh Banna , Lampung , Lanna , Lao , Lepcha , Limbu , Lontara/Makasar , Lota Ende , Magar Akkha , Mahajani , Malayalam , Meitei (Modern) , Manpuri (Old) , Marchen , Meetei Yelhou Mayek , Meroïtic , Masarm Gondi , Modi , Mon , Mongolian Horizontal Square Script , Multani , Nandinagari , Newa , New Tai Lue , Ojibwe , Odia , Ogan , Pahawh Hmong , Pallava , Phags-pa , Purva Licchavi , Qiang / Rma , Ranjana , Rejang (Kaganga) , Sasak , Savara , Satera Jontal , Shan , Sharda , Sheek Bakrii Saphaloo , Siddham , Sinhala , Sorang Sompeng , Sourashtra , Soyombo , Sukhothai , Sundanese , Syloti Nagri , Tagbanwa , Takri , Tamil , Tanchangya (Ka-Pat) , Tani , Thaana , Telugu , Thai , Tibetan , Tigalari , Tikamuli , Tocharian , Tolong Siki , Vatteluttu , Warang Citi
Other writing systems
Page last modified: 04.06.24
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কথা বলার গতি
টেক্সট অনুবাদ, সোর্স টেক্সট, অনুবাদের ফলাফল, ডকুমেন্ট অনুবাদ, টেনে এনে রাখুন.
ওয়েবসাইটের অনুবাদ
একটি URL লিখুন
সংরক্ষিত হয়েছে
"Find the accurate English to Bangla and Bangla to English translation with our comprehensive dictionary. Get definitions, synonyms, and examples of usage in both English and Bangla. Our database is constantly updated for the most accurate results."
English to Bengali dictionary
An English to Bengali dictionary is a reference resource that provides translations from English to the Bengali language. It is designed for speakers of English who want to learn or improve their Bengali language skills. The dictionary typically includes definitions for English words, along with their Bengali translations and pronunciation guides. It may also include additional information such as usage examples, grammar rules, and cultural notes. An English to Bengali dictionary is a valuable tool for anyone who wants to communicate effectively and accurately in Bengali, whether for personal or professional reasons. It can be used as a supplement to language classes, or as a standalone resource for self-study.
Most Searched Word (English To Bangla)
Wondering which English words Bengalis search for the most? Look no further! This section reveals the top 15 English words that Bengalis are curious about. We've listed them alongside their Bengali meanings, making it a handy resource for anyone who wants to bridge the language gap.
কুড়ি , বিশ, ২০
ওহে; আরে; শুনুন
Invisible to the naked eye
খালি চোখে অদৃশ্য, নগ্ন চোখে, খালি চক্ষু
প্রতিরূপ নকল মূর্তি বা কাঠামো
যৌনসংগম; যৌনসংগম করা; রমন করা ; উপগত হওয়া
ছদ্মনামযুক্ত অবস্হা ; নামহীনতা ; নাম নাই এমন অবস্থা
Deputy minister
উপমন্ত্রী; ডেপুটি মন্ত্রী
ভোটদাতা / ভোট দিবার অধিকারী / নির্বাচক / ভোটদাতা
Phantasmagory
ফ্যান্টাসমাগরি
Ambassador At Large
অ্যাম্বাসেডর অ্যাট লার্জ
ব্যথা ; যন্ত্রণা
Tie the knot
যৌনসংগম; যৌনসংগম করা;
Why Dictionary ?
Language dictionaries serve as a valuable resource for speakers of a language, helping to ensure clarity, consistency, and accuracy in communication. Dictionaries provide definitions for words, as well as information on pronunciation, grammatical structures, and usage. This helps speakers to expand their vocabulary and understand the nuances of the language. They also help to promote standardization, by providing agreed-upon definitions for words and ensuring that language is used correctly and consistently. In short, language dictionaries are an essential tool for anyone seeking to improve their mastery of a language, and for anyone looking to communicate effectively and accurately in that language.
History Of Bengali Language
The Bengali language has a rich history that dates back over a thousand years. It evolved from Old Bengali in the 10th century and became the dominant language of the region during the medieval period. Under British colonial rule, Bengali underwent significant changes and modernizations, and after independence it became the official language of Bangladesh and a recognized language in India. Today, Bengali is spoken by over 250 million people and continues to evolve and develop as a vital part of the cultural heritage of South Asia. There is a growing movement to preserve and revitalize the language and promote its use in education and society.
History Of Bengali Dictionary
The history of Bengali dictionaries can be traced back to the medieval period, when lexicographers and scholars started compiling lists of Bengali words and their meanings. One of the earliest known Bengali dictionaries is the "Abhidhan Chintamani" written in the 18th century, which includes a comprehensive list of words used in Bengali literature. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the development of Bengali dictionaries was influenced by British colonial rule, as the British introduced new vocabulary and grammatical structures to the language. Today, there are many Bengali dictionaries available in print and online, offering accurate and up-to-date translations for users.
History Of English Dictionary
The history of English dictionaries dates back to the 16th century when efforts were made to standardize the English language. The first English dictionary, "A Table Alphabeticall," was published in 1604 by British lexicographer Robert Cawdrey. In the centuries that followed, the development of English dictionaries was greatly influenced by the works of Samuel Johnson, who published the comprehensive "A Dictionary of the English Language" in 1755. This work became the standard reference for the English language and remained so for over a century. Today, there are many English dictionaries available in print and online, offering a wide range of features and resources for users, including pronunciation guides, usage examples, and up-to-date definitions.
Types Of Dictionary
Dictionaries can be of nine types. They are as follows:
- Pocket Dictionary
- Mini-Dictionary
- Bilingual Dictionary
- Monolingual dictionary
- Rhyming Dictionary
- Crossword Dictionary
- Etymological Dictionary
Bengali Language & Alphabet
Bengali language has total 50 letters. They are as follows:
| স্বরবর্ণ | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| অ | আ | ই | ঈ |
| উ | ঊ | ঋ | এ |
| ঐ | ও | ঔ |
Biswas Khandbahale Glosbe BdWord
Biswas Khandbahale Glosbe
Google Bing
Wiktionary Wikipedia Google search Google books
• Bengali dictionary by Sailendra Biswas (2004)
• Bengali-English dictionary (2000)
• BdWord : English-Bengali dictionary
• Khandbahale : English-Bengali dictionary
• Loecsen : Bengali-English common phrases (+ audio)
• Goethe-Verlag : Bengali-English common phrases & illustrated vocabulary (+ audio)
• YouTube : common phrases (video)
• Defense Language Institute : basic vocabulary (+ audio) - civil affairs - medical
• Bengali slang dictionary : Bengali slang words with meaning, by Sri Subrata
• Companion to Johnson's dictionary, Bengali and English by John Mendies (1876)
• English and Bengali dictionary , for the use of schools , by James Sykes (1858)
• Bengali > English
• Dictionary of the principal languages spoken in the Bengal presidency , English, Bángálí and Hindústání , by P. S. D'Rozario (1837) (in Roman characters)
• Dictionary in English and Bengalee by Ram Comul Sen (1834): I & II
• Dictionary of the Bengali language by William Morton (1828)
• Vocabulary English and Bongalee by Henry Forster (1802)
• Dialogues , intended to facilitate the acquiring of the Bengalee language , by William Carey (1818)
→ Bengali keyboard to type a text with the Bengali characters
• Bengali course , Foreign Service Institute (1985)
• Bengali language handbook (1966)
• Introduction to Bengali , basic course in spoken Bengali, with emphasis upon speaking and understanding the language , by Edward Dimock (1964)
• Banglapedia : Bangla language (Bangladesh)
• Anatomy of Bengali letterforms : a semiotic study , by Subhajit Chandra, Prasad Bokil, Darmalingam Udaya Kumar (2015)
• A handwritten bengali consonants recognition scheme by Priyanka Das, Tanmoy Dasgupta, Samar Bhattacharya (2017)
• A Bengali handwritten vowels recognition scheme (2018)
• studies about phonetics and phonology of the Bengali, by Sameer ud Dowla Khan
• Bengali (Bangladeshi Standard) in Journal of the international phonetic association (2010)
• The intonational phonology of Bangladeshi standard Bengali (2014) + audio
• Intonational phonology and focus prosody of Bengali (2008)
• studies about the Bengali language, by Probal Dasgupta
• A dependency syntax of Bangla , in Indian journal of linguistics (2006)
• Judges and grammarians in Britain's liberal pedagogic performance : a diglossic approach to colonial Bengal , in Droit et cultures (2014)
• Morphology and syntax : a comparative study between English and Bangla , by Mohammed Shanawaz (2013)
• Bengali intonational phonology by Bruce Hayes & Aditi Lahiri (1991)
• Inflectional morphology synthesis for Bengali noun, pronoun and verb systems par Samit Bhattacharya, Monojit Choudhury, Sudeshna Sarkar, Anupam Basu (2005)
• Extended Sanskrit grammar and the first indigenous description of Bengali by Upasika Ghosh, thesis (2023) NEW
• A manual of the Bengali language by James Anderson (1920)
• The origin and development of the Bengali language by Suniti Kumar Chatterji (1926): I & II
• Grammar of the Bengali language , literary and colloquial , by John Beames (1891)
• Bengali grammar by William Yates & John Wenger (1885)
• Grammar of the Bengali language to which is added a selection of easy phrases and useful dialogues , by Duncan Forbes (1875)
• Bengalee grammar in the English language , by Raja Rammohun Roy (1826)
• Grammar of the Bengalee language by William Carey (1818)
• A grammar of the Bengal language by Nathaniel Brassey Halhed (1778)
• Caractères de lettres des peuples de Bengale : first print, in Observations physiques et mathematiques envoyées des Indes par les pères jésuites (1692)
• Alphabetum bengalicum by Georg Jacob Kehr (1725)
• Bengal alphabet , in A Code of Gentoo laws (1774)
• The origin of the Bengali script by Rakhal Das Banerji (1919)
• The history of the Bengali language by Bijaychandra Mazumdar (1927)
• books & papers about the Bengali language: Google books | Internet archive | Academia | Wikipedia
• BBC - VOA - DW : news in Bengali
• LyrikLine : poems in Bengali, with translation (+ audio)
• Bichitra: online Tagore Variorum : documents, texts & manuscripts of Rabindranath Tagore
• Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) by François Chan, in Textes & documents (1965)
• Evolution of Bengali literature : an overview , by Purnima Bali (2016)
• History of Bengali language and literature by Dinesh Chandra Sen (1911)
• The Bengali Ramayanas by Dinesh Chandra Sen (1920)
• History of Bengali literature in the 19 th century (1800-1825) by Sushil Kumar De (1919)
• Bengali prose reader by Edward Dimock (1988)
• vocabulary Bengali-English
• The Bengālī reader , Selection of the best authors & translation, by Duncan Forbes (1862)
• The Holy Bible , containing Old and New Testaments in the Bengali language (1877)
• the New Testament in the Bengali language (1847)
• The Old Testament in the Bengali language (1845)
• New Testament translated into Bengali, by William Carey (1801)
সমস্ত মানুষ স্বাধীনভাবে সমান মর্যাদা এবং অধিকার নিয়ে জন্মগ্রহণ করে। তাঁদের বিবেক এবং বুদ্ধি আছে; সুতরাং সকলেরই একে অপরের প্রতি ভ্রাতৃত্বসুলভ মনোভাব নিয়ে আচরণ করা উচিত।
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights মানবাধিকারের সার্বজনীন ঘোষণাপত্র translation into Bengali (+ audio)
→ Universal Declaration of Human Rights : bilingual text, in Bengali, English & other languages
→ Bangladesh : maps & documents
→ India : maps & documents
→ languages of India
→ Assamese language
→ Hindi language
→ Nepali language
→ Sanskrit language
Dictionary Bangla - English
Translations from dictionary bangla - english, definitions, grammar.
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Home » Articles » The Beginner’s Guide to the Bengali Language [With Basic Words and Phrases!]
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written by Kelsey Lechner
Language: Bengali
Reading time: 14 minutes
Published: Jun 17, 2022
Updated: Jul 27, 2022
The Beginner’s Guide to the Bengali Language [With Basic Words and Phrases!]
Why should you learn the Bengali language, also known as Bangla? Let me convince you.
Bengali, which originates from India and Bangladesh, is one of the most spoken languages in the world. It is a beautiful literary powerhouse as well as a language that sparked a global language movement.
Interested and want to learn more? I’ll highlight some of the top reasons to learn Bengali and then get you started with some basics.
Table of contents
1. bengali is consistently a top-10 language, 2. bengali has a rich literary culture, 3. the bengali language movement inspired the un international mother language day, 1. bengali has flexible word order, 2. verbs are easy, 3. there’s a lot that bengali lacks… for the better, 4. bengali is mostly phonetic, 5. bengali shares a lot of words with languages you may already know, basic bengali greetings, introducing yourself, conjugating in bengali, basic bengali survival phrases, watch out for tricky sounds, learn the alphabet to conquer pronunciation, be aware of colloquial bengali, just keep learning, 3 great reasons to learn the bengali language.
As of 2022, Bengali has the seventh-largest number of total speakers and the fifth largest number of native speakers of any language in the world .
According to a 2011 survey, it is the second most spoken language in India. Bengali is an official language in West Bengal, Tripura, and Assam in India, and the national language of Bangladesh.
Surprisingly, it is also an honorary official language of Sierra Leone! This is because the Sierra Leone government wanted to thank the Bangladeshi peacekeepers who helped the country during the 1991-2002 civil war.
The Bengali diaspora is also massive. There are millions of people from Bangladesh and the Bengali regions of India abroad, so you can surely find Bengali speakers in just about any country.
Throughout India, Bengali has a reputation as the language of beautiful written works. It has a rich history of poetry, and many works from Sanskrit, Hindi, Arabic, and Persian languages have also been translated in Bengali.
Have you heard of Rabindranath Tagore? This Bengali writer from Kolkata, India was the first lyricist and also the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. He also was a major figure in the Bengali resistance against the British Raj. The Indian national anthem, “Jana Gana Mana,” was adapted from one of Tagore’s Bengali poems.
Tagore translated many of his own works into English, but there are noticeable differences from the original Bengali. This gives you even more reason to read them in the original!
As we can see, Bengali has not only been a literary language—it has also been politically significant. When India gained independence from Britain, the province of East Bengal (now Bangladesh) joined Pakistan. It became known as “East Pakistan,” and modern-day Pakistan was known as “West Pakistan.”
However, people in West Pakistan had a very different culture from the people in East Pakistan. They didn’t even speak the same language: people in West Pakistan spoke Urdu, not Bengali! This led to many social tensions. Even though Bengali speakers formed the majority of the population of Pakistan, the political leaders tried to replace Bengali with Urdu in East Pakistan.
On February 21, 1952, students at the University of Dhaka gathered to protest to make Bengali an official language of Pakistan. Police fired on the demonstrators, killing many of them. This sparked larger civil unrest, strengthened the Bengali people’s unity, and ultimately led to the Bangladesh Independence War. In 1999, UNESCO declared February 21 to be International Mother Language Day as a tribute.
It’s no exaggeration to say that Bengali speakers take great pride in their language, even now!
5 Perks of Learning Bengali
As an Indo-Aryan language, Bengali may not be as difficult to learn as you think! Here are some of the best parts about learning Bengali.
Unlike English, Bengali is a subject-object-verb language. Also unlike English, it has quite a loose word order.
Often, in Bengali, this subject-object-verb structure is more like a suggestion than a rule. Depending on what you want to emphasize, you can push your subject all the way to the end of the sentence, or sometimes even leave it out if you want!
For example, all of the sentences below can be acceptable to say, “Do you drink water?”:
- আপনি পানি খান? ( Apni pani khan? / Literally, “You water drink?”)
- পানি খান আপনি? ( Pani khan apni? / Literally, “Water drink you?”)
- পানি খান? ( Pani khan? / Literally, “Water drink?”)
Don’t worry about needing to memorize countless irregular verbs in Bengali. There are only a few, so conjugation rules can be applied to almost every verb. Speaking of which, there are five noun categories to conjugate for, but you can get by with just four of them.
In addition, negating verbs is incredibly easy. Most of the time, just add না ( na ) to the end of a sentence!
For example: তুমি স্কুলে যাও। ( Tumi skule jao. / You go to school.) তুমি স্কুলে যাও না। ( Tumi skule jao na. / You don’t go to school.)
Need to ask a question? Just use rising intonation at the end of the sentence, or add কি ( ki ) either after the subject or at the end.
For example, to say, “Do you go to school?” you can say any of the following:
তুমি কি স্কুলে যাও? ( Tumi ki skule jao? ) তুমি স্কুলে যাও কি? ( Tumi skule jao ki? ) তুমি স্কুলে যাও? ( Tumi skule jao? ) (With rising intonation)
Bengali leaves out a lot of complicated characteristics of many other Asian and European languages. Bengali is not a tonal language, and it also doesn’t have gendered nouns like in Romance languages. It also isn’t as strict about singular vs. plural nouns as many other Indo-European languages.
Bengali has its own written script, which Assamese also uses. The Bengali alphabet is a descendant of Sanskrit and shares a lot of commonalities with Devanagari .
It is phonetic, so if you know the writing system, you can pronounce almost anything!
Like Hindi and many other Indian languages , Bengali originated from Sanskrit. Therefore, it shares a lot of words with many other South Asian languages.
Legacies of Muslim rulers and trade in the Bengal area gave Bengali a rich vocabulary of words with Arabic , Persian , and Turkish origins. If you’ve already learned some of these languages, you’ll surely see a lot of overlap!
Nearly a hundred years of British colonization brought a large amount of English words into Bengali. Don’t know a word in Bengali? Just try using the English word with a Bengali accent!
This is especially true with “modern” words, such as those relating to transportation, technology, and business. For example, to say “the phone is dead,” you can just say টেলিফোন ডেড হয়ে আছে ( telefon ɖeɖ achhe ). Easy, right?
Getting Started: Your First Bengali Words and Phrases
Bengali has invariably been influenced by geography and religion.
If you are in India, which has mostly Hindu Bengali speakers, you would usually greet someone with the Hindu phrase নমস্কার ( nɔmɔshkar ). The recipient would repeat the same phrase back.
On the other hand, if you are in Bangladesh, you would usually greet someone with the Muslim phrase আসসালাম ওয়ালাইকুম ( assalam walaikum ) . If someone greets you this way, respond with ওয়ালাইকুম আসসালাম ( walaikum assalam ).
Unsure of which to use? Don’t worry. Regardless of the listener’s religion, you can always ask, “How are you?”:
- কেমন আছেন? ( kæmon achhen? ) for people you don’t know well or you would show respect to,
- কেমন আছো? ( kæmon achho? ) for friends or people of a lower rank than you.
Another similar greeting is কি অবস্থা? ( ki ɔbɔstha? , “What’s the situation?”). You can reply with ভালো আছি ( bhalo achhi , “I’m fine”).
Done with your conversation? It’s time to say goodbye! You have a few choices here:
- পরে দেখা হবে ( Pɔre dekha hɔbe ) – “See you later”
- ভালো থেকো ( Bhalo theko ) – “Take care” (casual)
- ভালো থাকবেন ( Bhalo thakben ) – “Take care” (respectful)
Now that we’ve greeted our speaking partner, it’s time to share more about yourself! You can do so with the following phrases:
- আমার নাম … ( Amar nam …) – “My name is…”
- আমি … থেকে এসেছি ( Ami … theke eshechhi ) – “I’m from…”
(Note: most countries’ names in Bengali sound much like their English equivalent.)
Therefore, I would introduce myself as:
- আমার নাম খেলসি। ( Amar nam Khelsi. ) – “My name is Kelsey.”
- আমি আমেরিকা থেকে এসেছি। ( Ami Amerika theke eshechhi. ) – “I’m from America.”
To ask the listener about themselves, use the following questions:
- আপনার নাম কী ( Apnar nam ki? ) – “What is your name?”
- আপনি কোথা থেকে এসেছেন ( Apni kotha theke eshechhen? ) – “Where are you from?”
Know Who’s Talking – A.K.A. Let’s Talk Pronouns and Conjugation
Let’s learn to break down a bit of the above.
As mentioned earlier, there are four main categories of nouns and pronouns in Bengali, and each has its own way to conjugate verbs. The four categories are:
- First person – I আমি ami , we আমরা amra
- Second person, casual – you (singular) তুমি tumi , you (plural) তোমরা tomra
- Third person, casual – he/she/it/they (see below)
- Honorific – you, he/she/they (see below)
Third person, casual: There are several different words for the third person singular: এ, ও, সে ( e, o, she ). They all have plural versions: এরা, ওরা, তারা ( era, ora, tara ).
All words can be used with people or objects. They carry different nuances with them depending on how close the pronoun is to the speaker.
For example, you could use the same pronoun এ ( e ) and conjugation for “he,” “she,” (if they are close to the speaker), and “this.”
Honorific: The honorific conjugation can be used for both the second person (আপনি apni ) or third person (ইনি ini , উনি uni , or তিনি tini – here again you have your choice depending on proximity to the speaker) that you want to show respect to. The verb conjugation is the same for all of them.
The plural form of আপনি ( apni ) is আপনারা ( apnara ). The plural forms of ইনি ( ini ), উনি ( uni ), and তিনি ( tini ) are এঁরা ( ẽra ), ওঁরা ( õra ), and তাঁরা ( tãra ) respectively, each pronounced more nasally than their casual counterparts above.
Note: Gender and singular vs. plural do not affect conjugation.
Now that we have established pronouns, I’ll show you how to conjugate verbs. This is very easy!
To conjugate in the present tense, simply add the following to the end of the verb stem:
- First person: i
- Second person, casual: o
- Third person, casual: e
- Honorific: en
Therefore, to say that someone or something “am/are/is,” change the verb আছ ( achh , “to be”) as follows:
- First person: আছি ( achhi )
- Second person, casual: আছো ( achho )
- Third person, casual: আছে ( achhe )
- Honorific: আছেন ( achhen )
Fun fact: There is an added fifth category to conjugate for: তুই ( tui ). This is an even more casual version of তুমি tumi . It is only used when talking to extremely close friends, younger siblings, small children, and animals.
Be careful: it can be extremely rude if you use it wrongly!
The four cases already introduced will suffice, so you don’t need to worry about this one as a beginner.
Taking a trip to a Bengali-speaking area soon? Here are a few more key phrases to help you navigate your way. For questions, remember to use rising intonation at the end.
- আপনি ইংরেজি বলতে পারেন? ( Apni Ingreji bolte paren? ) – “Do you speak English?”
- টয়লেট কোথায়? ( Ʈoyleʈ kothae? ) – “Where is the bathroom?” (Note: For asking the location of anything else, just say the word and add কোথায়? kothae? .)
- দাম কত? ( Dam kɔto? ) – “How much is it?”
- এটা কী? ( Eʈa ki? ) – “What is this?”
- কয়টা বাজে? ( Kɔyʈa baje? ) – “What time is it?”
- আমি একটু বাংলা বলতে পারি। ( Ami ækʈu Bangla bolte pari. ) – “I speak a little Bengali.”
- আমি বাংলা বলতে পারি না। ( Ami Bangla bolte pari na. ) – “I don’t speak Bengali.”
- আমি বাংলা পড়তে পারি না। ( Ami Bangla poɽte pari na. ) – “I can’t read Bengali.”
- আবার বলেন? ( Abar bolen? ) – “Could you repeat that?”
- … মানে কী? ( … mane ki? ) – “What does … mean?”
- ওটা দিন ( Oʈa din ) / ওটা দেন। ( Oʈa den ) – “Give me that.” (Note: The verb conjugation depends on the dialect.)
Overcoming Common Bengali Challenges
As with any language, learning Bengali comes with its own set of hurdles. Here is what to watch out for as well as my suggestions as to how to overcome them.
Bengali has a lot of sounds that don’t exist in English, so you’ll do well to tune your ear and practice a lot.
Many students need a lot of practice to differentiate between Bengali’s multiple T’s, D’s, and R’s. Several consonants are dental, meaning you pronounce them with your tongue touching behind your front teeth. Others are retroflex, meaning you bend your tongue back to touch the roof of your mouth.
There are also aspirated consonants, which you pronounce with a puff of air, and unaspirated consonants, which you don’t push out air to pronounce. For practice, you can place a piece of paper in front of your mouth. If the paper moves when you pronounce a consonant, you are likely pronouncing it with aspiration.
For example, there are four different types of T’s in Bengali.
- ত ( t , dental and unaspirated)
- থ ( th , dental and aspirated)
- ট ( ʈ , retroflex and unaspirated)
- ঠ ( ʈh , retroflex and aspirated)
Therefore, the word টাকা ( ʈaka , “money”) is different from the word থাকা ( thaka , “to stay”).
The four types of D’s in Bengali are:
- দ ( d , dental and unaspirated)
- ধ ( dh , dental and aspirated)
- ড ( ɖ , retroflex and unaspirated)
- ঢ ( ɖh , retroflex and aspirated)
Finally, there are two types of R’s:
- র ( r , dental)
- ড় ( ɽ , retroflex)
Listen to native speakers and always be aware of where your tongue is. Do you need a puff of air?
Don’t worry – this seems like a lot, but you’ll get the hang of it.
On top of the sounds that English speakers can easily mix up, the romanization of Bengali is not very standardized. Therefore, sometimes Bengali written with the English alphabet can look extra confusing.
For example, the word জ্বর ( jɔr / “fever”) may be romanized as jor , jvara , jôr , dʒɔr , or something else.
In addition, some romanized materials will not differentiate between the different T, D, or R sounds above.
Learning the Bengali alphabet will help you overcome these hurdles.
Bengali has two forms: চলিতভাষা ( cholitbhasha ) and সাধুভাষা ( shadhubhasha ). The former is modern, colloquial Bengali, while the latter is mostly used historically in writing.
Some resources will still introduce historic forms of Bengali first, so watch out for this. If you are using a tutor , remind them that you want to learn Bengali as it’s actually spoken.
In addition, keep in mind that there are many regional dialects of Bengali. While generally Bengali is split into “Indian” and “Bangladeshi,” there are still many regional accents within these two! These result in slightly different vocabulary, verb conjugations, and pronunciation.
Nevertheless, they are usually mutually intelligible, so a native speaker from India will still be able to understand you, even if you learned Bangladeshi Bengali, and vice versa.
Find and Stick to Your Favorite Resources
Despite having so many speakers, there are relatively few resources for learning Bengali . For example, to date, there are no Bengali courses on Duolingo or Innovative Language’s 101.com podcast series.
However, there are still plenty of resources out there! The Mango Languages app has a fantastic introductory course on Bengali, and Mondly also has a Bengali course. Part of the Linguaboost Bengali course can also be found for free as a podcast.
If you prefer learning from a book, there are several to choose from. Popular textbooks include Teach Yourself: Complete Bengali as well as Colloquial Bengali . Lonely Planet’s Hindi, Urdu, & Bengali Phrasebook has very practical language for a variety of situations.
Find an app, coursebook, or tutor that you like, and keep up with it.
Interested in Bengali yet? Now that you have a basic grasp of the language and culture around it, you should be ready to start for real!
Stick around, because I look forward to sharing more Bengali language tips with you.
Good luck on your language learning journey!
- Language Hacking Podcast, ep. 30: Nissa on learning Bengali in 3 Months
- Preply Review – a Detailed and Honest Review of the Preply Language Tutor Platform
- How to Learn a Language in 2022 – Ultimate Guide with 35+ Language Hacks
- Magnetic Memory Method: An In-Depth Review from a Language Learner
- Mondly Review: My Experience Using Mondly to Learn 5 Languages [In-Depth Review]
Kelsey Lechner
Translator, teacher, interpreter
Kelsey is a writer, translator, and educator. She is an avid lover of dance, dogs, and tea. LinkedIn | Contently
Speaks: English, Japanese, Spanish, Mandarin Chinese, Swahili, Bengali
Have a 15-minute conversation in your new language after 90 days
The Bangla Script
Bangla alphabet is very close to a phonetic alphabet, in other words almost every speech sound of Bangla is represented by a designated letter. The standard alphabet for describing the Bangla language is developed from Bengali-Assamese script, a descendant of the Brahmi script. Like any alphabet based on the Brahmi script, the Bangla alphabet is alphasyllabary, which means a subset of letters, namely consonant letters, in the alphabet serve a dual purpose: they represent consonant sounds and syllables.
Bangla alphabet includes three sets of letters shown below:
a) the vowel letters,
b) the consonant letters, and
c) the vowel signs/markers.
A consonant letter represents the designated consonant sound, or a syllable comprised of the designated consonant sound followed by the vowel sound ɔ. The vowel sound ɔ is equivalent of the vowel represented by a in the word call in American English. For instance, the consonant letter ক represents either the consonant sound k or the syllable kɔ. This vowel ɔ as part of the syllable represented by a consonant letter is often called the default/inherent vowel. Elsewhere the vowel ɔ is represented by the vowel letter অ, for instance, অক that transliterates as ɔk or ɔkɔ.
Except for the vowel letter অ, a vowel letter has a corresponding vowel sign/marker representing the same vowel. A vowel sound immediately after a consonant sound is always represented by a vowel sign/marker. Elsewhere a vowel sound is represented by a vowel letter. For instance, কো (ko) comprises the letter ক, which represents the consonant sound k here, and the vowel sign/marker ো that represent the vowel sound o. Recall that the letter ক may also represent the syllable kɔ; in that case any vowel sound after ɔ will be represented by a vowel letter, for example কও (kɔo).
Bangla is written from left to right. Vowel and consonant letters occur in the same order as the sounds they represent. But that is not always the case for the vowel signs/markers. Some of the vowel signs/markers occur after a consonant letter, some before, some under, and some around, although all of them indicate a vowel sound right after the consonant sound, for instance, কা (ka), কি (ki), কু (ku), কো (ko).
Bangla writing system also includes so-called conjunct letters, i.e., two or more consonant letters crammed together or stacked on each other. In such compounds of consonant letters, all but the final (the rightmost or the bottom) consonant letter represent their respective consonant sounds. Only the final consonant letter is followed by a vowel sound. For instance, in the word অল্প ‘story’, the conjunct letters ল্প consist of ল and প, where the former represents the consonant sound l and the latter represents a syllable, pɔ. The word is ɔlpɔ (pronounced ɔlpo in the standard variant) in transliteration. Some conjunct letters are not transparent, and one needs to memorize them separately; for instance, শক্ত ‘hard,’ the conjunct ক্ত includes ক and ত, in transliteration, the word is shɔktɔ (pronounced shɔkto in the standard variant).
Finally, there is a set of special characters consisting of consonant signs/markers, diacritics, and unique letters that occur in some special contexts in Bangla writing. They can be named “Other signs/makers and special letters.” For instance, the consonant sound r is represented by a consonant sign/marker when a consonant sound immediately follows the sound. Here the conjunct letters প্র comprise the consonant sounds p and r; the former is represented by the consonant letter প, and the latter is represented by the consonant sign/marker under প. Although it might sound a bit overwhelming for the users of the English alphabet, the Bangla alphabet is easier to learn and takes a week of practice to start writing Beginners-level Bangla.
Bangla vowel sounds are represented by vowel letters and vowel signs. The distribution of the vowel letters and signs and vowels represented by them are given below with the English equivalents:
( ɔ ) as in call
( a ) as in father
( i ) as in sheet
( u ) as in pool
( ri ) as in reed
( æ & e ) as in at and eight
( oi ) as in boy
( o ) as in go
( ou ) as in beau
- The vowel letters ই and ঈ represent the same vowel i; and the vowel letter উ and ঊ represent the same vowel u. The vowel letters ঈ and ঊ are found only in Sanskrit loanwords.
- The vowel letter এ represents two vowels, æ and e.
- The letters ঐ and ঔ represents diphthongs oi and ou respectively.
- The letter ঋ only occurs in direct loans from Sanskrit, where it was a vowel. But in Bangla it represents a syllable, namely ri.
- The vowel letter অ, আ, ঊ, ঐ, and ঔ only occur in the word-initial position.
- Among the vowel letters, only ই, ঈ, উ, ও can occur after another vowel sound.
- A vowel sign represents the vowel sound that occurs right after a consonant sound.
The consonant letters are named with after the sound of the syllable the represent, for instance ক, খ, গ are called kɔ, kʰɔ, gɔ. Here we will list the consonant letters along with their consonant sounds and provide the English counterparts or equivalents.
( k ) as in skit
( kh ) as in kit
( g ) as in go
( gh ) g in go with an extra puff of air
( ng ) as in song
( c ) as in furniture
( ch ) as in chat
( j ) as in job
( jh ) as in hedgehog
( n ) as in not
( T ) as in stop
( Th ) as in top
( D ) as in do
( Dh ) D in do with an extra puff of air
( t ) Spanish dental t in taco
( th ) as in think
( d ) as in that
( dh ) d in that with an extra puff of air
( p ) as in spot
( ph ) as in pot, alternatively (f) as in fan
( b ) as in bat
( bh ) alternatively (v) in volleyball
( m ) as in man
( r ) as in raw
( l ) as in law
( sh ) as in Shaw
( sh , s ) as in Shaw and saw respectively)
( h ) as in hobby
( R ) hard r
( R ) hard rh
( y ) as in you
The table below shows the stand-alone vowel letters of Bangla in the gray rows and the corresponding vowel markers in the subsequent white rows. Note that there is no vowel marker for the vowel ɔ, which is represented by the vowel letter অ. Recall the vowel ɔ is inherent in every consonant letter. When used in combination with a consonant letter, all other vowel sings serve to replace the so-called inherent ɔ with the vowel sound they represent.
| Vowel Letter | অ | আ | ই | ঈ |
| Vowel Marker | – | া | ি | ী |
| Vowel Letter | উ | ঊ | ঋ | |
| Vowel Marker | ু | ূ | ৃ | |
| Vowel Letter | এ | ঐ | ও | ঔ |
| Vowel Marker | ে | ৈ | ো | ৌ |
The table below shows the examples of a few consonants combined with vowel signs. Recall unlike English, a vowel letter can occur before, under, and around a consonant letter although the vowel sound represented by the former occurs after the consonant sound represented by the latter.
| কা | কি | কী | কু | কূ | কৃ | কে | কৈ | কো | কৌ |
| ka | ki | ki | ku | ku | kri | ke/kæ | koi | ko | kou |
| জা | জি | জী | জু | জূ | জৃ | জে | জৈ | জো | জৌ |
| ja | ji | ji | ju | ju | jri | je/jæ | joi | jo | jou |
| তা | তি | তী | তু | তূ | তৃ | তে | তৈ | তো | তৌ |
| ta | ti | ti | tu | tu | tri | te/tæ | toi | to | tou |
NOTE 1: Few consonants, when combined with certain vowel signs, take an unusual shape; for instance, র and ু make রু (ru), র and ূ make রূ (ru), গ and ু make গু (gu), শ and ু make শু (shu), and হ and ু make হু (hu). The usual forms are alternatively used in handwriting and printing presses but are not available on the standard computer keyboards yet.
NOTE 2: The nasal diacritic ঁ combined with a vowel letter or sign makes the designated vowel sound nasal. For instance, বা (ba) “or”, বাঁ (bã) “left”.
See how each dependent vowel sign connects to the consonant letter ক:
Often the conjunct letters are transparent, meaning, the member letters are easily recognizable, for example ব্ব is ব plus ব, and ল্প is ল plus প. But some conjuncts are difficult to decipher and need to be memorized. For instances, ত্ত is ত plus ত, and ক্ত is ক plus ত. Here we list several opaque conjuncts with their member letters and example words.
| Conjunct Letters | Member Sounds | Example Words |
|---|---|---|
| ক্ত | ক (k) + ত (tɔ) | শক্ত (shɔkto) “hard” |
| ক্র | ক (k) + র (rɔ) | চক্র (cokro) “circle” |
| ক্ষ | খ (kʰ) + খ (kʰ) | শিক্ষা (shikhkha) “education” |
| গ্ধ | গ (g) + ধ (dhɔ) | মুগ্ধ (mugdho) “impressed” |
| জ্ঞ | গ (g) + গ (gɔ) | অজ্ঞ (ɔggo) “unaware/uneducated” |
| ঞ্চ | ন (n) + চ (cɔ) | পঞ্চ (pɔnco) “five” |
| ঞ্জ | ন (n) + জ (jɔ) | গঞ্জ (gɔnjo) “marketplace” |
| ট্ট | ট (T) + ট (Tɔ) | পট্ট (pɔTto) “fold/ply” |
| ণ্ড | ণ (n) + ড (Dɔ) | দণ্ড (dɔnDo) “stick/punishment” |
| ত্ত | ত (t) + ত (tɔ) | উত্তর (uttor) “answer” |
| ত্থ | ত (t) + থ (tʰɔ) | উত্থান (utthan) “rise” |
| ত্র | ত (t) + র (rɔ) | ছাত্র (chatra) “students” |
| দ্ধ | দ (d) + ধ (dʰɔ) | বদ্ধ (bɔddʰo) “stagnant” |
| ন্ধ | ন (n) + ধ (dʰɔ) | বন্ধ (bɔndʰo) “closed” |
| ষ্ণ | ষ (sh) + ঞ (nɔ) | কৃষ্ণ (krishno) “Krishna/black” |
| স্থ | স (s) + থ (tʰɔ) | স্থান (sthan) “place” |
| হ্ন | ন (n) + ন (nɔ) | চিহ্ন (cinno) “mark/sign” |
Bangla writing system includes the special kind of conjuncts (consonant letters stacked or overlapped), where the second letter does not indicate any sound, similar to n in the english word damn, or indicate a sound which is determined by the context. The consonant letter ম represents the sound m and syllable mɔ/mo as in মজা “mɔja: fun” and জন্ম “jɔnmo: birth”. But in some words derived or loaned from Sanskrit, ম as the second member of a conjunct has different use: if it comines with the word-initial consonant, it is mute; if it combines with a non word-initial consonant C, it indicates a syllable consisting of the preceding consonant plus the default vowel: Cɔ. For instance, স্মরণ “shɔron: remembrance” and বিস্ময় “bishshɔy: astonishment”. This mute ম and copier of the preceding consonant ম is traditionally called ম-phala (pronuciation mɔ-phɔla) “the signpost of ম”. These words are originally Sanskrit where ম did indicate the sound m. The following chart displays examples of the consonant letter ম, and the ম-phala in use:
Context 1: When it combines with the word-initial consonant, it is mute.
| Example | Transliteration (m for ম is omitted) | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| স্মরণ | shɔron | Remembrance |
| স্মৃতি | sriti | memory |
Context 2: When it combines with a non word-initial consonant C, it indicates a syllable consisting of that consonant plus its default vowel: Cɔ
| পদ্ম | pɔddo | Lotus |
| পদ্মা | pɔdda | The river Padma |
| আত্ম | attɔ | Self |
| আত্মীয় | attio | Relative kinsman |
| জন্ম Note: The consonant letter ম in a regular conjunct denotes the consonant sound m. | jɔnmo | Birth |
| আম্মা | amma | Mother |
One should also recoginze the difference between the roles of the consonant letter ব and the ব-phala (prounounced as bɔ-phɔla). ব-phala does the same as ম-phala. When it comines with the word-initial consonant, it is mute; and when it combines with a non word-initial consonant C, it indicates a syllable consisting of the preceding consonant plus the default vowel: Cɔ. For instance, শ্বাস “shash: breath” and বিশ্ব “bishshɔ: world”. Although ব-phala looks like the consonant ব, it originally indicated the sound w in Sanskrit, and the sound did not enter the sound inventory of Bangla. The following table shows the different roles of ব-phala as well as the role of the consonant letter ব in a conjunct.
| Example | Transliteration (w for ব-phala is omitted) | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| জ্বর | jɔr | Fever |
| স্বাদ | shad | Taste |
| স্বামী | shami | Husband |
| স্বভাব | shɔbhab | Behavior/ Character |
| স্বাভাবিক | shabhabik | Normal |
| গুরুত্ব | gurutto | Importance |
| দূরত্ব | durɔtto | Distance |
| বিশ্বাস | bishshash | Belief |
| Note: The consonant letter ব in a regular conjunct denotes the consonant sound b. | ||
| কম্বল | kɔmbol | Blanket |
| লম্বা | lɔmba | Long |
| চুম্বক | chumbɔk | Magnet |
| নম্বর | nɔmbor | Number/Marks |
The য-phala (Prounounced as jɔ-phɔla) similar to the role of ম-phala and ব-phala discussed above, but not exactly the same. When it combines with the word initial consonant and at the same is followed by vowel markers like ে “e”, ো “o”, and ু “u” it is mute, for instance, শ্যেন “shen: hawk”, দ্যোতনা “dotona: significance”, and চ্যুতি “cuti: error” respectively. But when it combines with the word initial consonant and at the same time is followed by the vowel marker া or no vowel marker at all, it indicates the vowel æ, for instance ব্যাপার “bæpar: matter/issue” and ব্যবসা “bæbsha: business” respectively. Note that the vowel maker া after a য-phala is mute.
When য-phala combines with a non word-initial consonant, it indicates a syllable CV, where C indicates the same consonant, and V indicates the vowel sound o, for instance বন্য “bonno: wild” and বন্যা “bonna: flood”. Note that the vowel marker া is not mute after a য-phala that combines with a non word-initial. consonant.
Finally, when the য-phala occurs right after the non word-initial consonant letter হ “hɔ”, the conjunct হ্য indicates the sound sequence jjho, for instance সহ্য “shojjho: tolerance” and বাহ্য “bajjho: external”.
Context 1a: When it comines with the word-initial consonant and followed by vowel markers ে, ো, and ু, it is mute.
| Example | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| শ্যেন | shen | hawk |
| দ্যোতনা | dotona | significance |
| চ্যুতি | cuti | fault/error |
Context 1b: When it combines with the word-initial consonant and followed by vowel marker া “a”, or no vowel marker, it indicates the vowel æ. In such context, the vowel marker া is mute.
| ব্যথা | bætha | Pain |
| ব্যবসা | bæbsha | Business |
| ব্যবহার | bæbohar | Behavior |
| ব্যাপার | bæpar | Matter/issue |
| ত্যাগ | tæg | Departure/sacrifice |
| হ্যাঁ | hæ̃ | Yes |
Context 2: When ‘য’-ফলা combines with a non word-initial consonant, it indicates a syllable consisting of the preceding consonant plus the vowel o.
| জন্য | jonno | Because of / for |
| পণ্য | ponno | Product |
| রহস্য | rɔhoshsho | Mystery |
| শূন্য | shunno | Zero |
| বন্যা | bonna | Flood |
Context 3: when the য-phala occurs right after the non word-initial consonant letter হ “hɔ”, the conjunct হ্য indicates the sound sequence jjho
| সহ্য | shojjho | tolerance |
| বাহ্য | bajjho | external |
Finally, the role র-phala (pronounced as rɔ-phɔla) is very different from other phɔlas discussed above. Recall the consonant letter র It indicates either consonant sound r or the syllable rɔ or ro. The র-phala indicates the syllable ro. Unlike the consonant letter র, it occurs in conjunction with a preceding consonant, for instance প্রতি “proti: every”, and বজ্র “bojro: thunder”. The following table shows more examples.
Rule: র-ফলা when combines with consonant C, it creates the sequence “Cro”. A vowel marker used after the র-ফলা replaces the default vowel o.
| Example | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| গ্রাম | gram | Village |
| পবিত্র | pobitro | Pure/ Holy |
| শুক্রবার | shukrobar | Friday |
| প্রথম | prothom | First |
| আগ্রহ | agroho | Eagerness |
Bangla writing system also includes some special letters and diacritics. They are traditionally used as a shorthand diacritic. For some, there are alternative spelling but not widely used. The list below demonstrates some of the special letters and diacritics.
| Special letter/diacritic | Example word | Meaning | Alternative spelling |
|---|---|---|---|
| ৎ (t) | সৎ (shot) | honest | সত্ |
| ং (ng) | বাংলা (bangla) | Bangla | বাঙ্লা |
| ঃ (h/doubles the following sound) | দুঃখ (dukhkho) | sorrow | দুখ্খ |
| ঁ (nasalizes the vowel) | চাঁদ (cãd) | the moon | N/A |
In social and digital media, users often transliterate Bangla texts differently than the standard transliteration alphabets in the class and grammar books. Within the boundary of the computer and cell phone keyboards, users creatively use the English alphabet to transliterate Bangla. For instance, users use a to represent the vowel ɔ, as represented by a in the English word call and aa to represent the vowel a as represented by a in the English word father. People use lower case t and upper case T to represent dental ত and retroflex ট respectively. We include a popular transliteration alphabet for Bangla below.
| Bangla | Standard based on IPA | Popular (Social media) |
|---|---|---|
| অ | ɔ | a/o |
| আ | a | aa/a |
| ই | i | – |
| ঈ | i | – |
| উ | u | – |
| ঊ | u | – |
| ঋ | ri | – |
| এ | e, æ | e |
| ঐ | oi | – |
| ও | o | – |
| ঔ | ou | – |
| ক | k | – |
| খ | kʰ | kh |
| গ | g | – |
| ঘ | gʰ | gh |
| ঙ | ŋ | ng |
| চ | c | c/ch |
| ছ | cʰ | ch/chh |
| জ | ɟ | j |
| ঝ | ɟʰ | jh |
| ঞ | n | – |
| ট | ʈ | T |
| ঠ | ʈʰ | Th |
| ড | ɖ | D |
| ঢ | ɖʰ | Dh |
| ণ | n | – |
| ত | t̪ | t |
| থ | t̪ʰ | th |
| দ | d̪ | d |
| ধ | d̪ʰ | dh |
| ন | n | – |
| প | p | – |
| ফ | pʰ | ph/f |
| ব | b | – |
| ভ | bʰ | bh/v |
| ম | m | – |
| য | ɟ | j |
| র | r | – |
| ল | l | – |
| শ | ʃ | sh |
| স | ʃ, s | sh, s |
| হ | h | – |
| ড় | ɽ | R |
| ঢ় | ɽʰ | Rh |
| য় | y (APA) | y |
"The Bangla Script" created by Ahmed Shamim , University of Texas at Austin.
All resources on this site are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License .
Funded by a grant (P017A200040) from the U.S. Department of Education’s International and Research Studies program, with additional support from the South Asia Institute , University of Texas at Austin.
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