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Blog Business How to Present a Case Study like a Pro (With Examples)

How to Present a Case Study like a Pro (With Examples)

Written by: Danesh Ramuthi Sep 07, 2023

Okay, let’s get real: case studies can be kinda snooze-worthy. But guess what? They don’t have to be!

In this article, I will cover every element that transforms a mere report into a compelling case study, from selecting the right metrics to using persuasive narrative techniques.

And if you’re feeling a little lost, don’t worry! There are cool tools like Venngage’s Case Study Creator to help you whip up something awesome, even if you’re short on time. Plus, the pre-designed case study templates are like instant polish because let’s be honest, everyone loves a shortcut.

Click to jump ahead: 

What is a case study presentation?

What is the purpose of presenting a case study, how to structure a case study presentation, how long should a case study presentation be, 5 case study presentation examples with templates, 6 tips for delivering an effective case study presentation, 5 common mistakes to avoid in a case study presentation, how to present a case study faqs.

A case study presentation involves a comprehensive examination of a specific subject, which could range from an individual, group, location, event, organization or phenomenon.

They’re like puzzles you get to solve with the audience, all while making you think outside the box.

Unlike a basic report or whitepaper, the purpose of a case study presentation is to stimulate critical thinking among the viewers. 

The primary objective of a case study is to provide an extensive and profound comprehension of the chosen topic. You don’t just throw numbers at your audience. You use examples and real-life cases to make you think and see things from different angles.

The primary purpose of presenting a case study is to offer a comprehensive, evidence-based argument that informs, persuades and engages your audience.

Here’s the juicy part: presenting that case study can be your secret weapon. Whether you’re pitching a groundbreaking idea to a room full of suits or trying to impress your professor with your A-game, a well-crafted case study can be the magic dust that sprinkles brilliance over your words.

Think of it like digging into a puzzle you can’t quite crack . A case study lets you explore every piece, turn it over and see how it fits together. This close-up look helps you understand the whole picture, not just a blurry snapshot.

It’s also your chance to showcase how you analyze things, step by step, until you reach a conclusion. It’s all about being open and honest about how you got there.

Besides, presenting a case study gives you an opportunity to connect data and real-world scenarios in a compelling narrative. It helps to make your argument more relatable and accessible, increasing its impact on your audience.

One of the contexts where case studies can be very helpful is during the job interview. In some job interviews, you as candidates may be asked to present a case study as part of the selection process.

Having a case study presentation prepared allows the candidate to demonstrate their ability to understand complex issues, formulate strategies and communicate their ideas effectively.

The way you present a case study can make all the difference in how it’s received. A well-structured presentation not only holds the attention of your audience but also ensures that your key points are communicated clearly and effectively.

In this section, let’s go through the key steps that’ll help you structure your case study presentation for maximum impact.

Let’s get into it. 

Open with an introductory overview 

Start by introducing the subject of your case study and its relevance. Explain why this case study is important and who would benefit from the insights gained. This is your opportunity to grab your audience’s attention.

Explain the problem in question

Dive into the problem or challenge that the case study focuses on. Provide enough background information for the audience to understand the issue. If possible, quantify the problem using data or metrics to show the magnitude or severity.

Detail the solutions to solve the problem

After outlining the problem, describe the steps taken to find a solution. This could include the methodology, any experiments or tests performed and the options that were considered. Make sure to elaborate on why the final solution was chosen over the others.

Key stakeholders Involved

Talk about the individuals, groups or organizations that were directly impacted by or involved in the problem and its solution. 

Stakeholders may experience a range of outcomes—some may benefit, while others could face setbacks.

For example, in a business transformation case study, employees could face job relocations or changes in work culture, while shareholders might be looking at potential gains or losses.

Discuss the key results & outcomes

Discuss the results of implementing the solution. Use data and metrics to back up your statements. Did the solution meet its objectives? What impact did it have on the stakeholders? Be honest about any setbacks or areas for improvement as well.

Include visuals to support your analysis

Visual aids can be incredibly effective in helping your audience grasp complex issues. Utilize charts, graphs, images or video clips to supplement your points. Make sure to explain each visual and how it contributes to your overall argument.

Pie charts illustrate the proportion of different components within a whole, useful for visualizing market share, budget allocation or user demographics.

This is particularly useful especially if you’re displaying survey results in your case study presentation.

Stacked charts on the other hand are perfect for visualizing composition and trends. This is great for analyzing things like customer demographics, product breakdowns or budget allocation in your case study.

Consider this example of a stacked bar chart template. It provides a straightforward summary of the top-selling cake flavors across various locations, offering a quick and comprehensive view of the data.

Not the chart you’re looking for? Browse Venngage’s gallery of chart templates to find the perfect one that’ll captivate your audience and level up your data storytelling.

Recommendations and next steps

Wrap up by providing recommendations based on the case study findings. Outline the next steps that stakeholders should take to either expand on the success of the project or address any remaining challenges.

Acknowledgments and references

Thank the people who contributed to the case study and helped in the problem-solving process. Cite any external resources, reports or data sets that contributed to your analysis.

Feedback & Q&A session

Open the floor for questions and feedback from your audience. This allows for further discussion and can provide additional insights that may not have been considered previously.

Closing remarks

Conclude the presentation by summarizing the key points and emphasizing the takeaways. Thank your audience for their time and participation and express your willingness to engage in further discussions or collaborations on the subject.

Well, the length of a case study presentation can vary depending on the complexity of the topic and the needs of your audience. However, a typical business or academic presentation often lasts between 15 to 30 minutes. 

This time frame usually allows for a thorough explanation of the case while maintaining audience engagement. However, always consider leaving a few minutes at the end for a Q&A session to address any questions or clarify points made during the presentation.

When it comes to presenting a compelling case study, having a well-structured template can be a game-changer. 

It helps you organize your thoughts, data and findings in a coherent and visually pleasing manner. 

Not all case studies are created equal and different scenarios require distinct approaches for maximum impact. 

To save you time and effort, I have curated a list of 5 versatile case study presentation templates, each designed for specific needs and audiences. 

Here are some best case study presentation examples that showcase effective strategies for engaging your audience and conveying complex information clearly.

1 . Lab report case study template

Ever feel like your research gets lost in a world of endless numbers and jargon? Lab case studies are your way out!

Think of it as building a bridge between your cool experiment and everyone else. It’s more than just reporting results – it’s explaining the “why” and “how” in a way that grabs attention and makes sense.

This lap report template acts as a blueprint for your report, guiding you through each essential section (introduction, methods, results, etc.) in a logical order.

Want to present your research like a pro? Browse our research presentation template gallery for creative inspiration!

2. Product case study template

It’s time you ditch those boring slideshows and bullet points because I’ve got a better way to win over clients: product case study templates.

Instead of just listing features and benefits, you get to create a clear and concise story that shows potential clients exactly what your product can do for them. It’s like painting a picture they can easily visualize, helping them understand the value your product brings to the table.

Grab the template below, fill in the details, and watch as your product’s impact comes to life!

3. Content marketing case study template

In digital marketing, showcasing your accomplishments is as vital as achieving them. 

A well-crafted case study not only acts as a testament to your successes but can also serve as an instructional tool for others. 

With this coral content marketing case study template—a perfect blend of vibrant design and structured documentation, you can narrate your marketing triumphs effectively.

4. Case study psychology template

Understanding how people tick is one of psychology’s biggest quests and case studies are like magnifying glasses for the mind. They offer in-depth looks at real-life behaviors, emotions and thought processes, revealing fascinating insights into what makes us human.

Writing a top-notch case study, though, can be a challenge. It requires careful organization, clear presentation and meticulous attention to detail. That’s where a good case study psychology template comes in handy.

Think of it as a helpful guide, taking care of formatting and structure while you focus on the juicy content. No more wrestling with layouts or margins – just pour your research magic into crafting a compelling narrative.

5. Lead generation case study template

Lead generation can be a real head-scratcher. But here’s a little help: a lead generation case study.

Think of it like a friendly handshake and a confident resume all rolled into one. It’s your chance to showcase your expertise, share real-world successes and offer valuable insights. Potential clients get to see your track record, understand your approach and decide if you’re the right fit.

No need to start from scratch, though. This lead generation case study template guides you step-by-step through crafting a clear, compelling narrative that highlights your wins and offers actionable tips for others. Fill in the gaps with your specific data and strategies, and voilà! You’ve got a powerful tool to attract new customers.

Related: 15+ Professional Case Study Examples [Design Tips + Templates]

So, you’ve spent hours crafting the perfect case study and are now tasked with presenting it. Crafting the case study is only half the battle; delivering it effectively is equally important. 

Whether you’re facing a room of executives, academics or potential clients, how you present your findings can make a significant difference in how your work is received. 

Forget boring reports and snooze-inducing presentations! Let’s make your case study sing. Here are some key pointers to turn information into an engaging and persuasive performance:

• Know your audience : Tailor your presentation to the knowledge level and interests of your audience. Remember to use language and examples that resonate with them.
• Rehearse : Rehearsing your case study presentation is the key to a smooth delivery and for ensuring that you stay within the allotted time. Practice helps you fine-tune your pacing, hone your speaking skills with good word pronunciations and become comfortable with the material, leading to a more confident, conversational and effective presentation.
• Start strong : Open with a compelling introduction that grabs your audience’s attention. You might want to use an interesting statistic, a provocative question or a brief story that sets the stage for your case study.
• Be clear and concise : Avoid jargon and overly complex sentences. Get to the point quickly and stay focused on your objectives.
• Use visual aids : Incorporate slides with graphics, charts or videos to supplement your verbal presentation. Make sure they are easy to read and understand.
• Tell a story : Use storytelling techniques to make the case study more engaging. A well-told narrative can help you make complex data more relatable and easier to digest.

Ditching the dry reports and slide decks? Venngage’s case study templates let you wow customers with your solutions and gain insights to improve your business plan. Pre-built templates, visual magic and customer captivation – all just a click away. Go tell your story and watch them say “wow!”

Nailed your case study, but want to make your presentation even stronger? Avoid these common mistakes to ensure your audience gets the most out of it:

Overloading with information

A case study is not an encyclopedia. Overloading your presentation with excessive data, text or jargon can make it cumbersome and difficult for the audience to digest the key points. Stick to what’s essential and impactful. Need help making your data clear and impactful? Our data presentation templates can help! Find clear and engaging visuals to showcase your findings.

Lack of structure

Jumping haphazardly between points or topics can confuse your audience. A well-structured presentation, with a logical flow from introduction to conclusion, is crucial for effective communication.

Ignoring the audience

Different audiences have different needs and levels of understanding. Failing to adapt your presentation to your audience can result in a disconnect and a less impactful presentation.

Poor visual elements

While content is king, poor design or lack of visual elements can make your case study dull or hard to follow. Make sure you use high-quality images, graphs and other visual aids to support your narrative.

Not focusing on results

A case study aims to showcase a problem and its solution, but what most people care about are the results. Failing to highlight or adequately explain the outcomes can make your presentation fall flat.

How to start a case study presentation?

Starting a case study presentation effectively involves a few key steps:

• Grab attention : Open with a hook—an intriguing statistic, a provocative question or a compelling visual—to engage your audience from the get-go.
• Set the stage : Briefly introduce the subject, context and relevance of the case study to give your audience an idea of what to expect.
• Outline objectives : Clearly state what the case study aims to achieve. Are you solving a problem, proving a point or showcasing a success?
• Agenda : Give a quick outline of the key sections or topics you’ll cover to help the audience follow along.
• Set expectations : Let your audience know what you want them to take away from the presentation, whether it’s knowledge, inspiration or a call to action.

How to present a case study on PowerPoint and on Google Slides?

Presenting a case study on PowerPoint and Google Slides involves a structured approach for clarity and impact using presentation slides :

• Title slide : Start with a title slide that includes the name of the case study, your name and any relevant institutional affiliations.
• Introduction : Follow with a slide that outlines the problem or situation your case study addresses. Include a hook to engage the audience.
• Objectives : Clearly state the goals of the case study in a dedicated slide.
• Findings : Use charts, graphs and bullet points to present your findings succinctly.
• Analysis : Discuss what the findings mean, drawing on supporting data or secondary research as necessary.
• Conclusion : Summarize key takeaways and results.
• Q&A : End with a slide inviting questions from the audience.

What’s the role of analysis in a case study presentation?

The role of analysis in a case study presentation is to interpret the data and findings, providing context and meaning to them. 

It helps your audience understand the implications of the case study, connects the dots between the problem and the solution and may offer recommendations for future action.

Is it important to include real data and results in the presentation?

Yes, including real data and results in a case study presentation is crucial to show experience,  credibility and impact. Authentic data lends weight to your findings and conclusions, enabling the audience to trust your analysis and take your recommendations more seriously

How do I conclude a case study presentation effectively?

To conclude a case study presentation effectively, summarize the key findings, insights and recommendations in a clear and concise manner. 

End with a strong call-to-action or a thought-provoking question to leave a lasting impression on your audience.

What’s the best way to showcase data in a case study presentation ?

The best way to showcase data in a case study presentation is through visual aids like charts, graphs and infographics which make complex information easily digestible, engaging and creative. 

Don’t just report results, visualize them! This template for example lets you transform your social media case study into a captivating infographic that sparks conversation.

Choose the type of visual that best represents the data you’re showing; for example, use bar charts for comparisons or pie charts for parts of a whole. 

Ensure that the visuals are high-quality and clearly labeled, so the audience can quickly grasp the key points. 

Keep the design consistent and simple, avoiding clutter or overly complex visuals that could distract from the message.

Choose a template that perfectly suits your case study where you can utilize different visual aids for maximum impact. 

Need more inspiration on how to turn numbers into impact with the help of infographics? Our ready-to-use infographic templates take the guesswork out of creating visual impact for your case studies with just a few clicks.

Related: 10+ Case Study Infographic Templates That Convert

Congrats on mastering the art of compelling case study presentations! This guide has equipped you with all the essentials, from structure and nuances to avoiding common pitfalls. You’re ready to impress any audience, whether in the boardroom, the classroom or beyond.

And remember, you’re not alone in this journey. Venngage’s Case Study Creator is your trusty companion, ready to elevate your presentations from ordinary to extraordinary. So, let your confidence shine, leverage your newly acquired skills and prepare to deliver presentations that truly resonate.

Go forth and make a lasting impact!

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9 Creative Case Study Presentation Examples & Templates

Learn from proven case study presentation examples and best practices how to get creative, stand out, engage your audience, excite action, and drive results.

9 minute read

helped business professionals at:

Short answer

What makes a good case study presentation?

A good case study presentation has an engaging story, a clear structure, real data, visual aids, client testimonials, and a strong call to action. It informs and inspires, making the audience believe they can achieve similar results.

Dull case studies can cost you clients.

A boring case study presentation doesn't just risk putting your audience to sleep—it can actuallyl ead to lost sales and missed opportunities.

When your case study fails to inspire, it's your bottom line that suffers.

Interactive elements are the secret sauce for successful case study presentations.

They not only increase reader engagement by 22% but also lead to a whopping 41% more decks being read fully , proving that the winning deck is not a monologue but a conversation that involves the reader.

Let me show you shape your case studies into compelling narratives that hook your audience and drive revenue.

Let’s go!

How to create a case study presentation that drives results?

Crafting a case study presentation that truly drives results is about more than just data—it's about storytelling, engagement, and leading your audience down the sales funnel.

Here's how you can do it:

Tell a story: Each case study should follow a narrative arc. Start with the problem, introduce your solution, and showcase the results. Make it compelling and relatable.

Leverage data: Hard numbers build credibility. Use them to highlight your successes and reinforce your points.

Use visuals: Images, infographics, and videos can enhance engagement, making complex information more digestible and memorable.

Add interactive elements: Make your presentation a two-way journey. Tools like tabs and live data calculators can increase time spent on your deck by 22% and the number of full reads by 41% .

Finish with a strong call-to-action: Every good story needs a conclusion. Encourage your audience to take the next step in their buyer journey with a clear, persuasive call-to-action.

Visual representation of what a case study presentation should do:

How to write an engaging case study presentation?

Creating an engaging case study presentation involves strategic storytelling, understanding your audience, and sparking action.

In this guide, I'll cover the essentials to help you write a compelling narrative that drives results.

What is the best format for a business case study presentation?

4 best format types for a business case study presentation:

• Problem-solution case study
• Before-and-after case study
• Success story case study
• Interview style case study

Each style has unique strengths, so pick one that aligns best with your story and audience. For a deeper dive into these formats, check out our detailed blog post on case study format types .

What to include in a case study presentation?

An effective case study presentation contains 7 key elements:

• Introduction
• Company overview
• The problem/challenge
• Your solution
• Customer quotes/testimonials

To learn more about what should go in each of these sections, check out our post on what is a case study .

How to motivate readers to take action?

Based on BJ Fogg's behavior model , successful motivation involves 3 components:

This is all about highlighting the benefits. Paint a vivid picture of the transformative results achieved using your solution.

Use compelling data and emotive testimonials to amplify the desire for similar outcomes, therefore boosting your audience's motivation.

This refers to making the desired action easy to perform. Show how straightforward it is to implement your solution.

Use clear language, break down complex ideas, and reinforce the message that success is not just possible, but also readily achievable with your offering.

This is your powerful call-to-action (CTA), the spark that nudges your audience to take the next step. Ensure your CTA is clear, direct, and tied into the compelling narrative you've built.

It should leave your audience with no doubt about what to do next and why they should do it.

Here’s how you can do it with Storydoc:

How to adapt your presentation for your specific audience?

Every audience is different, and a successful case study presentation speaks directly to its audience's needs, concerns, and desires.

Understanding your audience is crucial. This involves researching their pain points, their industry jargon, their ambitions, and their fears.

Then, tailor your presentation accordingly. Highlight how your solution addresses their specific problems. Use language and examples they're familiar with. Show them how your product or service can help them reach their goals.

A case study presentation that's tailor-made for its audience is not just a presentation—it's a conversation that resonates, engages, and convinces.

How to design a great case study presentation?

A powerful case study presentation is not only about the story you weave—it's about the visual journey you create.

Let's navigate through the design strategies that can transform your case study presentation into a gripping narrative.

Add interactive elements

Static design has long been the traditional route for case study presentations—linear, unchanging, a one-size-fits-all solution.

However, this has been a losing approach for a while now. Static content is killing engagement, but interactive design will bring it back to life.

It invites your audience into an evolving, immersive experience, transforming them from passive onlookers into active participants.

Which of these presentations would you prefer to read?

Use narrated content design (scrollytelling)

Scrollytelling combines the best of scrolling and storytelling. This innovative approach offers an interactive narrated journey controlled with a simple scroll.

It lets you break down complex content into manageable chunks and empowers your audience to control their reading pace.

To make this content experience available to everyone, our founder, Itai Amoza, collaborated with visualization scientist Prof. Steven Franconeri to incorporate scrollytelling into Storydoc.

This collaboration led to specialized storytelling slides that simplify content and enhance engagement (which you can find and use in Storydoc).

Here’s an example of Storydoc scrollytelling:

Bring your case study to life with multimedia

Multimedia brings a dynamic dimension to your presentation. Video testimonials lend authenticity and human connection. Podcast interviews add depth and diversity, while live graphs offer a visually captivating way to represent data.

Each media type contributes to a richer, more immersive narrative that keeps your audience engaged from beginning to end. You can upload your own interactive elements or check stock image sites like Shutterstock, Adobe Stock, iStock, and many more. For example, Icons8, one of the largest hubs for icons, illustrations, and photos, offers both static and animated options for almost all its graphics, whether you need profile icons to represent different user personas or data report illustrations to show your findings.

Prioritize mobile-friendly design

In an increasingly mobile world, design must adapt. Avoid traditional, non-responsive formats like PPT, PDF, and Word.

Opt for a mobile-optimized design that guarantees your presentation is always at its best, regardless of the device.

As a significant chunk of case studies are opened on mobile, this ensures wider accessibility and improved user experience , demonstrating respect for your audience's viewing preferences.

Here’s what a traditional static presentation looks like as opposed to a responsive deck:

Streamline the design process

Creating a case study presentation usually involves wrestling with an AI website builder .

It's a dance that often needs several partners - designers to make it look good, developers to make it work smoothly, and plenty of time to bring it all together.

Building, changing, and personalizing your case study can feel like you're climbing a mountain when all you need is to cross a hill.

By switching to Storydoc’s interactive case study creator , you won’t need a tech guru or a design whizz, just your own creativity.

You’ll be able to create a customized, interactive presentation for tailored use in sales prospecting or wherever you need it without the headache of mobilizing your entire team.

Storydoc will automatically adjust any change to your presentation layout, so you can’t break the design even if you tried.

Case study presentation examples that engage readers

Let’s take a deep dive into some standout case studies.

These examples go beyond just sharing information – they're all about captivating and inspiring readers. So, let’s jump in and uncover the secret behind what makes them so effective.

What makes this deck great:

• A video on the cover slide will cause 32% more people to interact with your case study .
• The running numbers slide allows you to present the key results your solution delivered in an easily digestible way.
• The ability to include 2 smart CTAs gives readers the choice between learning more about your solution and booking a meeting with you directly.

Light mode case study

• The ‘read more’ button is perfect if you want to present a longer case without overloading readers with walls of text.
• The timeline slide lets you present your solution in the form of a compelling narrative.
• A combination of text-based and visual slides allows you to add context to the main insights.

Marketing case study

• Tiered slides are perfect for presenting multiple features of your solution, particularly if they’re relevant to several use cases.
• Easily customizable slides allow you to personalize your case study to specific prospects’ needs and pain points.
• The ability to embed videos makes it possible to show your solution in action instead of trying to describe it purely with words.

UX case study

• Various data visualization components let you present hard data in a way that’s easier to understand and follow.
• The option to hide text under a 'Read more' button is great if you want to include research findings or present a longer case study.
• Content segmented using tabs , which is perfect if you want to describe different user research methodologies without overwhelming your audience.

Business case study

• Library of data visualization elements to choose from comes in handy for more data-heavy case studies.
• Ready-to-use graphics and images which can easily be replaced using our AI assistant or your own files.
• Information on the average reading time in the cover reduces bounce rate by 24% .

Modern case study

• Dynamic variables let you personalize your deck at scale in just a few clicks.
• Logo placeholder that can easily be replaced with your prospect's logo for an added personal touch.
• Several text placeholders that can be tweaked to perfection with the help of our AI assistant to truly drive your message home.

Real estate case study

• Plenty of image placeholders that can be easily edited in a couple of clicks to let you show photos of your most important listings.
• Data visualization components can be used to present real estate comps or the value of your listings for a specific time period.
• Interactive slides guide your readers through a captivating storyline, which is key in a highly-visual industry like real estate .

Medical case study

• Image and video placeholders are perfect for presenting your solution without relying on complex medical terminology.
• The ability to hide text under an accordion allows you to include research or clinical trial findings without overwhelming prospects with too much information.
• Clean interactive design stands out in a sea of old-school medical case studies, making your deck more memorable for prospective clients.

Dark mode case study

• The timeline slide is ideal for guiding readers through an attention-grabbing storyline or explaining complex processes.
• Dynamic layout with multiple image and video placeholders that can be replaced in a few clicks to best reflect the nature of your business.
• Testimonial slides that can easily be customized with quotes by your past customers to legitimize your solution in the eyes of prospects.

Grab a case study presentation template

Creating an effective case study presentation is not just about gathering data and organizing it in a document. You need to weave a narrative, create an impact, and most importantly, engage your reader.

So, why start from zero when interactive case study templates can take you halfway up?

Instead of wrestling with words and designs, pick a template that best suits your needs, and watch your data transform into an engaging and inspiring story.

Hi, I'm Dominika, Content Specialist at Storydoc. As a creative professional with experience in fashion, I'm here to show you how to amplify your brand message through the power of storytelling and eye-catching visuals.

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The Right Way to Present Your Business Case

• Carolyn O’Hara

Get key stakeholders on board with one effective presentation.

You’ve already put a great deal of work into preparing a solid business case for your project or idea. But when it comes to the critical presentation phase, how do you earn the support of decision makers in the room? How do you present your case so that it’s clear and straightforward while also persuasive?

• Carolyn O’Hara is a writer and editor based in New York City. She’s worked at The Week, PBS NewsHour, and Foreign Policy. carolynohara1

Partner Center

Case study presentation: A comprehensive guide

This comprehensive guide covers everything from the right topic to designing your slides and delivering your presentation.

Raja Bothra

Building presentations

Hey there, fellow content creators and business enthusiasts!

If you're looking to take your presentations to the next level, you've come to the right place.

In today's digital age, a powerful case study presentation is your secret weapon to leave a lasting impression on potential clients, colleagues, or stakeholders.

It's time to demystify the art of case study presentations and equip you with the knowledge to create compelling and persuasive slides that showcase your expertise.

What is a case study?

Before we jump into the nitty-gritty details of creating a compelling case study presentation, let's start with the basics. What exactly is a case study? A case study is a detailed analysis of a specific subject, often focusing on a real-world problem or situation. It serves as a valuable tool to showcase your expertise and the impact your solutions can have on real issues.

Case study presentations are not just reports; they are powerful storytelling tools designed to engage your audience and provide insights into your success stories. Whether you're a marketer, a salesperson, or an educator, knowing how to present a case study effectively can be a game-changer for your business.

Why is it important to have an effective case study presentation?

The importance of a well-crafted case study presentation cannot be overstated. It's not just about sharing information; it's about convincing your audience that your product or service is the solution they've been looking for. Here are a few reasons why case study presentations matter:

Generating leads and driving sales

Picture this: a potential customer is exploring your website, trying to figure out if your product or service is the right fit for their needs. An effective case study can be the clincher, demonstrating how your offering has guided other businesses to success. When prospects witness a proven track record of your product or service making a difference, they are more inclined to place their trust in you and forge a partnership. In essence, case studies can be the catalyst that transforms casual visitors into paying customers.

Building credibility and social proof

In the realm of business, credibility is akin to gold. A well-crafted case study is your gateway to establishing authority and unveiling the remarkable value you bring to the table. It's not just you saying you're the best; it's your satisfied clients proclaiming it through their experiences. Every compelling case study is a testimonial in itself, a testament to your capability to deliver tangible results. In essence, it's a vote of confidence from others in your field, and these votes can be a potent motivator for potential clients.

Educating and informing your target audience

Education is a cornerstone of building lasting relationships with your audience. Case studies are an invaluable tool for teaching potential clients about the merits of your product or service and how it can address their specific challenges. They're not just stories; they're lessons, revealing the real-world benefits of what you offer. By doing so, you position your company as a thought leader in your industry and cultivate trust among your audience. You're not just selling; you're empowering your audience with knowledge.

Increasing brand awareness

Your brand deserves to be in the spotlight. Case studies can serve as a beacon, promoting your brand and its offerings across a multitude of platforms. From your website to social media and email marketing, case studies help you amplify your brand's presence and appeal. As you increase your reach and visibility, you also draw the attention of new customers, who are eager to experience the success stories they've read about in your case studies.

Different types of case study presentation

Now that you understand why case study presentations are vital, let's explore the various types you can use to showcase your successes.

Business case studies presentation : Business case studies presentation focus on how your product or service has impacted a specific company or organization. These are essential tools for B2B companies, as they demonstrate the tangible benefits your solution brings to other businesses.

Marketing case studies presentation : If you're in the marketing game, you've probably come across these frequently. Marketing case studies dive into the strategies and tactics used to achieve specific marketing goals. They provide insights into successful campaigns and can be a great resource for other marketers.

Product case studies presentation : For companies that offer products, a product case study can be a game-changer. It shows potential clients how your product functions in the real world and why it's the best choice for them.

KPIs and metrics to add in case study presentation

When presenting a case study, you're not just telling a story; you're also showcasing the concrete results of your efforts. Numbers matter, and they can add significant credibility to your presentation. While there's a vast array of key performance indicators (KPIs) and metrics you can include, here are some that you should definitely consider:

Conversion rate : This metric is a reflection of how effective your product or service has been in driving conversions. It demonstrates the rate at which visitors take the desired actions, whether it's signing up for your newsletter, making a purchase, or any other valuable engagement.

ROI (return on investment) : It's the financial impact that counts, and ROI is the king of financial metrics. It's a clear indicator of how your solution has provided value, showing the return on the investment made by your client.

Engagement metrics : Engaging your audience is a vital part of the puzzle. Metrics like click-through rates and social media interactions reveal how effectively your solution has drawn people in and kept them engaged.

Customer satisfaction : A satisfied customer is a loyal customer. Showcase customer satisfaction scores or even better, let the clients themselves tell their stories through testimonials. These scores and testimonials are potent proof of your ability to meet and exceed expectations.

Sales growth : When applicable, include data on how your solution has catalyzed sales growth. Sales growth is a pivotal indicator of the practical, real-world impact of your product or service.

However, it's important to note that there are some general KPIs and metrics that are commonly used in case study presentations. These metrics are not only universal but also highly effective in conveying the success of your case study:

• Website traffic : The number of visitors to your website over a specified period is an important indicator of the reach and impact of your case study. It shows how many people were interested enough to seek more information.
• Conversion rate : This percentage reveals how successful your website is at converting visitors into taking a desired action. Whether it's signing up for a newsletter, making a purchase, or any other specific action, a high conversion rate signifies effective engagement.
• Customer lifetime value (CLV) : The CLV is a valuable metric, representing the average amount of money a customer spends with your company over their lifetime. It's a testament to the long-term value your product or service provides.
• Average order value (AOV) : The AOV showcases the average amount of money a customer spends in a single transaction. It's a metric that demonstrates the immediate value your solution offers.
• Net promoter score (NPS) : This customer satisfaction metric measures how likely your customers are to recommend your company to others. A high NPS indicates satisfied customers who can become advocates for your brand.

Incorporating these KPIs and metrics not only adds credibility to your case study presentation but also provides a well-rounded view of your success story. It's the data that speaks the loudest and validates the impact of your product or service.

How to structure an effective case study presentation

Structuring an effective case study presentation is essential for conveying information clearly and persuasively to your audience. Whether you're presenting to colleagues, clients, or students, a well-organized case study presentation can make a significant impact. Here are some key steps to structure your case study presentation effectively:

1. Introduction :

Start with a brief introduction that sets the stage for your case study. Explain the context, the purpose of the study, and the key objectives you aim to achieve. This section should pique the audience's interest and provide a clear understanding of what to expect.

2. Background and context :

Provide a comprehensive overview of the background and context of the case study. This might include the industry, company, or problem under consideration. Explain why the case study is relevant and the issues it addresses. Make sure your audience understands the "why" before delving into the details.

3. Problem statement :

Clearly define the problem or challenge that the case study focuses on. This is a critical element as it helps the audience grasp the significance of the issue at hand. Use data and evidence to support your claims and emphasize the real-world impact of the problem.

4. Methodology :

Describe the methods and approach you used to analyze the case. This section should outline your research process, data collection tools , and any methods or frameworks employed. It's important to demonstrate the rigor of your analysis and data sources.

5. Findings and analysis :

Present the key findings and insights from your case study. Use data, charts, graphs, and visuals to make the information more accessible and engaging. Discuss your analysis and provide explanations for the findings. It's crucial to show a deep understanding of the problem and its implications.

6. Solution or action plan :

Outline the solution, recommendations, or action plan you've developed based on your analysis. Explain the rationale behind your proposed solution and how it directly addresses the problem. Include implementation steps, timelines, and any potential obstacles.

7. Results and outcomes :

Highlight the results and outcomes of implementing your solution, if applicable. Use before-and-after comparisons, success metrics, and tangible achievements to illustrate the effectiveness of your recommendations. This helps demonstrate the real-world impact of your work.

8. Lessons learned :

Share any lessons learned from the case study. Discuss what worked well, what didn't, and any unexpected challenges. This reflective element shows that you can extract valuable insights from the experience.

9. Conclusion :

Summarize the key takeaways from your case study and restate its significance. Make a compelling case for the importance of the findings and the applicability of the solution in a broader context.

10. Recommendations and next steps :

Provide recommendations for the future, including any further actions that can be taken or additional research required. Give your audience a sense of what to do next based on the case study's insights.

11. Q&A and discussion :

Open the floor for questions and discussion. Encourage your audience to ask for clarification, share their perspectives, and engage in a constructive dialogue about the case study.

12. References and appendices :

Include a list of references, citations, and any supplementary materials in appendices that support your case study. This adds credibility to your presentation and allows interested individuals to delve deeper into the subject.

A well-structured case study presentation not only informs but also persuades your audience by providing a clear narrative and a logical flow of information. It is an opportunity to showcase your analytical skills, problem-solving abilities, and the value of your work in a practical setting.

Do’s and don'ts on a case study presentation

To ensure your case study presentation hits the mark, here's a quick rundown of some do's and don'ts:

• Use visual aids : Visual aids like charts and graphs can make complex data more digestible.
• Tell a story : Engage your audience by narrating a compelling story.
• Use persuasive language : Convincing your audience requires a persuasive tone.
• Include testimonials : Real-life experiences add authenticity to your presentation.
• Follow a format : Stick to a well-structured format for clarity.

Don'ts:

• Avoid jargon : Keep it simple and free from industry jargon.
• Don't oversell : Be honest about your product or service's capabilities.
• Don't make it too long : A concise presentation is more effective than a lengthy one.
• Don't overload with data : Focus on the most relevant and impactful data.

Summarizing key takeaways

• Understanding case studies : Case studies are detailed analyses of specific subjects, serving to showcase expertise and solution impact.
• Importance of effective case study presentations : They generate leads, build credibility, educate the audience, and increase brand awareness.
• Types of case study presentations : Business, marketing, and product case studies focus on different aspects of impact.
• KPIs and metrics : Key metrics, such as conversion rates, ROI, engagement metrics, customer satisfaction, and sales growth, add credibility.
• Structuring an effective case study presentation : Follow a structured format with an introduction, background, problem statement, methodology, findings, solution, results, lessons learned, conclusion, recommendations, and Q&A.
• Do's : Use visuals, tell a compelling story, use persuasive language, include testimonials, and follow a structured format.
• Don'ts: Use jargon, oversell, make it too long, or overload with unnecessary data.

1. How do I create a compelling case study presentation?

To create a compelling case study presentation, you can use a case study template that will help you structure your content in a clear and concise manner. You can also make use of a case study presentation template to ensure that your presentation slides are well-organized. Additionally, make your case study like a pro by using real-life examples and a professional case study format.

2. What is the best way to present a case study to prospective clients?

When presenting a case study to prospective clients, it's essential to use case study presentation template. This will help you present your findings in a persuasive way, just like a professional presentation. You can also use a powerpoint case study template to make your case study presentation in no time. The length of a case study can vary depending on the complexity, but a well-written case study is key to helping your clients understand the value.

3. Where can I find popular templates to use for my case study presentation?

You can find popular case study presentation powerpoint templates online. These templates are specifically designed to help you create a beautiful case study that will impress your audience. They often include everything you need to impress your audience, from the case study format to the presentation deck. Using templates you can use is one of the best ways to create a case study presentation in a professional and efficient manner.

4. What is the purpose of a case study in content marketing, and how can I use one effectively?

The purpose of a case study in content marketing is to showcase real-world examples of how your product or service has solved a problem or added value to clients. To use a case study effectively, write a case study that features a relevant case study example and use a case study like a pro to make your case. You can also embed your case study within your content marketing strategy to help your clients and prospective clients understand the value your business offers.

5. How can I ensure that my case study presentation stands out as the best in my industry?

To ensure your case study presentation stands out as the best, you can follow a compelling business case study design. Use a case study template that includes everything you need to present a compelling and successful case, just like PowerPoint case study presentations. Make sure your case study is clear and concise, and present it in a persuasive way. Using real-life examples and following the sections in your template can set your presentation apart from the rest, making it the best case study presentation in your field.

Create your case study presentation with prezent

Prezent, the communication success platform designed for enterprise teams, offers a host of valuable tools and features to assist in creating an impactful case study presentation.

• Brand-approved design : With access to over 35,000 slides in your company's brand-approved design, your case study presentation can maintain a consistent and professional look that aligns with your corporate brand and marketing guidelines.
• Structured storytelling : Prezent helps you master structured storytelling by offering 50+ storylines commonly used by business leaders. This ensures your case study presentation follows a compelling and coherent narrative structure.
• Time and cost efficiency : Prezent can save you valuable time and resources. It can help you save 70% of the time required to make presentations and reduce communication costs by 60%, making it a cost-effective solution for creating case study presentations.
• Enterprise-grade security : Your data's security is a top priority for Prezent. With independent third-party assurance, you can trust that your sensitive information remains protected while creating and sharing your case study presentation.

In summary, Prezent empowers you to create a compelling case study presentation by offering personalized audience insights, brand-compliant designs, structured storytelling support, real-time collaboration, efficiency gains, and robust data security. It's a comprehensive platform for achieving communication success in the world of enterprise presentations.

Are you ready to take your case study presentations to the next level?  Try our free trial or book a demo today with Prezent!

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How to present patient cases

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• Ibrahim Balogun , healthcare of older people/stroke medicine consultant 1
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A guide on how to structure a case presentation

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Presenting patient cases is a key part of everyday clinical practice. A well delivered presentation has the potential to facilitate patient care and improve efficiency on ward rounds, as well as a means of teaching and assessing clinical competence. 1

The purpose of a case presentation is to communicate your diagnostic reasoning to the listener, so that he or she has a clear picture of the patient’s condition and further management can be planned accordingly. 2 To give a high quality presentation you need to take a thorough history. Consultants make decisions about patient care based on information presented to them by junior members of the team, so the importance of accurately presenting your patient cannot be overemphasised.

As a medical student, you are likely to be asked to present in numerous settings. A formal case presentation may take place at a teaching session or even at a conference or scientific meeting. These presentations are usually thorough and have an accompanying PowerPoint presentation or poster. More often, case presentations take place on the wards or over the phone and tend to be brief, using only memory or short, handwritten notes as an aid.

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Home Blog PowerPoint Tutorials How To Prepare and Deliver a Business Case Presentation

How To Prepare and Deliver a Business Case Presentation

No matter how junior or senior an individual is in an organization, there will always be times when they need to convince others why they should fund them, choose them, or do anything else they want them to do. Sometimes an informal, but convincing, argument is enough. Often, it isn’t. Those are the times you’ll need to prepare a business case in order to change their mind.

What is a Business Case?

A business case is a document that presents the costs, risks, and benefits of a particular initiative, justifies the investment , and pitches why decision-makers should approve of the recommendation. Students pursuing an  MBA with a specialization in marketing  are often asked to prepare different business case studies to improve their business forecasting and analytics skills.

Depending on your organization and endeavor, this will be anything from an informal document to a formal presentation before stakeholders. Regardless of the format, a business case aims to convince people if a project or initiative is worth investing in and why one particular approach is better than others.

A Business Case Is Not a Project Proposal or a Project Plan

Don’t get a business case mixed up with a project proposal . While they have similar goals and will cover some of the same topics, they’re not quite the same thing. A project proposal focuses on what a project is, delving into many of the details like deliverables and timelines. They are also different from project plans , which explain how a project will be executed and have much more detail. A business case, on the other hand, is about why people should invest in your initiative.

When You Should Create a Business Case Presentation?

You should create a business case presentation any time you need to convince a manager or stakeholder to make a decision, where an informal conversation is not appropriate or enough.

Common reasons to create a business case presentation:

• Asking for new funding, more funding, or a continuation of funding
• Changing the scope of a project
• Starting a new project
• Requesting a policy change
• Asking for an exception to a rule
• Adding resources to a project or team

How to Create a Business Case Presentation?

So, how to present a business case? While you might be eager to jump in and share the initiative you believe in, it’s a good idea to step back and make sure you prepare a solid case. The more concrete details, facts, and figures you have, the stronger your business case will be. The main sections of a business case will be the context of the situation, problem statement, opportunities, financial analysis, and solution description.

If you’ve never made a business case presentation before, consider using a business case template or try out our AI presentation maker to help guide you through each step. Here’s a short summary of each of the parts of a convincing business case presentation.

Step 1. Establish Context about the Current Situation

Not all audience members will immediately know what the current situation is leading up to your initiative. Briefly lay out the background of the idea. Note that this isn’t the problem statement, which will follow.

Step 2. State the Problems

This slide is where you can impress upon your audience the importance of the problem, and therefore, why the solution you’ll soon present is necessary.

When describing the problems, think about the direct and indirect effects of the situation, as well as the internal and external implications. Include statistical analysis if you’re already seeing negative effects because of the situation.

Step 3. Evaluate Opportunities

Your solution needs to be directly related to the stated problem. Here you can list, side-by-side, the opportunities you foresee to address problems. This section is a segway from your problem to your solution.

Another way to present this section is to analyze potential causes of the previously stated problem. This would then be the step to introduce the possible approaches, before settling on the one you’ve chosen to pitch.

Step 4. Analyze Finances

The numbers are probably the most important thing on stakeholder’s minds. They can make or break your business case. Present the current financial situation and compare it to the numbers you could be achieving if they choose to fund your initiative. Additionally, emphasize the potential for increased revenue through the implementation of a recurring payment system , which can provide a steady stream of income for your business.

Step 5. Describe Solution

Now that you’ve impressed the need for a change on your audience, it’s time to propose your solution. The format of your solution description will depend on what kind of decision you’re promoting. Generally speaking, you’ll want to briefly outline what needs to be done, how it will be done, who will do it, and when it will be done. Let’s look at sample solution formats for each of the examples from the introduction:

• Convincing the project manager to add you to a team: List the skills you have, how they relate to the needs of the project, and what you’ll be able to achieve once part of that team.
• Convincing your boss to commit time to fixing a product issue: List how you can fix the issue, how much time it will take, how many resources it will take, and how much it will cost, especially when compared to the alternative.
• Convincing HR to give an employee a raise: List how much of a raise your employee will need, any other non-monetary benefits that could work, and the advantages of retaining that talent.
• Convincing the board to open a new office: This initiative is clearly much more complex than the previous examples, which means it will require a much more in-depth business case document. However, in the business case presentation, you can list the costs, forecasted ROI, resources needed, and potential benefits of opening up the satellite office.

10 Tips for Presenting Effective Business Cases

• Use unique and attention-grabbing visuals. Chances are a board of directors or management team has seen a lot of business cases. Make sure yours doesn’t look just like everyone else’s.
• Clearly state your recommendation and required investment.
• Don’t shy away from costs and risks.
• Evaluate various scenarios when presenting your solution.
• Don’t forget to practice presenting your business case when preparing the documentation.
• Use an appropriate story alongside facts and figures to hook your audience, as recommended by the Harvard Business Review . 
• Don’t add too much data to your PPT slides. Remember that the rest of your details will be in the business case document.
• Involve your audience by making eye contact, mentioning specific examples they may have heard about or been involved in, and even making appropriate jokes.
• Brainstorm potential questions your audience may ask and incorporate them into your presentation. 
• Prepare both a long version and a short version of your business case presentation. You might be expecting an hour to pitch your idea to stakeholders, but you might just get a few minutes while walking down the hall to an emergency meeting.

Conclusion: Do Your Initiative Justice

You have a good idea. Maybe it’s a project you really believe in, a decision that just has to be made, or a strategy that will change the game for your organization. Whatever the case, your initiative won’t get approval if you communicate it ineffectively. Create a convincing business case and present it effectively and you’ll see decisions going your way in no time.

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10-Step Guide To Crafting A Successful Case Study Presentation

• By Judhajit Sen
• May 2, 2024

Key Takeaways

• An effective case study is a blueprint for convincing an audience and explaining a solution’s rationale and potential impact.   
• The ideal time for a business case study is when you have to make your presentation to persuade clients, solve internal problems, back up arguments with real examples, or discuss an idea’s viability for a firm.   
• Case study template presentations aren’t just about presenting solutions; they’re powerful storytelling tools that engage audiences with real-world examples and provoke critical thinking.
• Key elements of an effective case study presentation template include an executive summary, problem statement, solution, execution details, key results, inclusion of quotes and testimonials, acknowledgment of contributors, call to action, conclusion, and Q&A session.

A case study is like your argument’s blueprint, explaining the why, how, where, and who to persuade your audience. It’s your solution to a clear question, like expanding in a market or launching a product. Case studies help convince clients, analyze internal issues, and provide real-life use cases.

So, when should you make your case study like a pro? When you need to:

– Persuade clients about your services.

– Solve internal problems for a company.

– Back up arguments with real examples.

– Discuss an idea’s viability for a firm.

It’s not just about finding a solution—it’s about influencing your audience with your findings. Case study formats organize a lot of information in a clear, engaging way for clients and stakeholders, often using templates.

In simpler terms, a professional case study is an in-depth look at a specific topic, often tackling real-world problems. It showcases your expertise and how your solutions can solve actual issues.

In social sciences, it’s both a method and a research design to examine problems and generalize findings. Essentially, it’s investigative research aimed at presenting solutions to analyzed issues.

In business, case study examples delve into market conditions, main problems, methods used, and outcomes gained. It’s a powerful tool for understanding and addressing complex business challenges.

Case Study Presentation

Good case study PowerPoint templates explore a specific subject, whether it’s an individual, group, event, or organization. It’s like solving a puzzle with your audience, pushing you to think creatively.

Unlike a standard report, the goal here is to stimulate critical thinking. You’re not just throwing numbers around; you’re using real-life examples to provoke thought and offer different perspectives.

In marketing, case studies showcase your solutions’ effectiveness and success in solving client problems. These research presentations use written content, visuals, and other tools to tell compelling stories. They’re perfect for sales pitches, trade shows, conferences, and more—whether in-person or virtual.

But the best case study presentation slides aren’t just reports; they’re powerful and persuasive storytelling tools. Whether you’re a marketer or salesperson, knowing how to present a case study can be a game-changer for your business. It’s all about engaging your audience and sharing insights in a clear and compelling way.

Looking to make a compelling presentation? Check out our blog on persuasive presentations.

Importance of a Case Study Presentation

To write a compelling case study presentation is more than just sharing information—it’s about convincing your audience that your product or service is the solution they need. Case study presentations help in – 

Generating leads and driving sales: Case studies showcase your product’s success, turning potential customers into paying clients.

Building credibility and social proof: They establish your authority and value through real-life examples, earning trust from clients and prospects.

Educating and informing your target audience: Case studies teach potential clients about your product’s benefits, positioning you as an industry leader.

Increasing brand awareness: Case studies promote your brand, boost your visibility, and attract new customers.

Stats back up the power of case studies: 

– 13% of marketers rely on them in their content strategy.

– They help boost conversions by 23% and nurture leads by 9%.

– 80% of tech content marketers include case studies in their strategy.

But case studies aren’t just marketing fluff; they’re about solving problems and showcasing accurate results. They’re valuable in various scenarios, from business cases to analyzing internal issues.

To create a compelling case study presentation effectively is your chance to offer a comprehensive, evidence-based argument that informs and persuades your audience. It’s like solving a puzzle, exploring every piece until you reach a clear conclusion. It’s about connecting data with real-world scenarios in a compelling narrative.

Whether in sales pitches, job interviews, or content marketing, case study presentation examples are your secret weapon for success. They provide tangible proof of your product’s value, helping you stand out in a cluttered marketplace.

Following are ten essential steps to crafting a successful case study presentation.

Begin With The Executive Summary

Leaders often seek a quick snapshot of important information, and that’s where the executive summary plays a vital role. Begin with a short introduction, laying out the purpose and goals of the case study in a straightforward manner. Capture your audience’s attention and provide a clear path for what follows.

Follow the introduction with a brief of the entire case study, allowing the audience to grasp the main points swiftly. Delve into the subject’s relevance and significance, explaining why the case study is essential and who benefits from its insights. This establishes the tone for the rest of the study, encouraging the audience to explore further.

Check out our expert tips and techniques to master creating an executive summary for presentations.

Define the Problem Statement

Focus on the problem or challenge central to the case study. Provide background for the audience to grasp the issue, backing it up with data, graph or metrics to highlight its seriousness.

Need help visualizing your data? Check out our guide on mastering data visualizations.

Outline the goals and purpose of the case study and the questions it seeks to answer. This entails outlining the main issues from the customer’s viewpoint, making it understandable to the audience.

Start with a brief recap of the problem, clarifying the purpose of the study and the expected audience learnings. Explain the situation, shedding light on the hurdles faced. Present the key issues and findings without delving into specific details.

Highlight the importance of the problem using data and evidence to emphasize its real-world impact. Encapsulate the analysis’s purpose, aligning the issues identified with the study’s objectives.

Propose The Solution

At the heart of a presentation lies its solution. Reveal the steps taken to address the identified problem, including the methodology, experiments, or tests carried out and the considerations of various options. Clarify why the final solution was chosen over others.

Illustrates the shift from the problem-filled “before” to the successful “after.” 

Detail the proposed solution, recommendations, or action plan based on analyses. This includes explaining its reasoning and outlining implementation steps, timelines, and potential challenges.

Describe the analytical methods and approach used, demonstrating the thoroughness of the analysis, including research processes, data collection tools, and frameworks employed.

Present the essential findings and insights, utilizing data, charts, and visuals to enhance comprehension and engagement. Thoroughly discuss the analyses and the implications of the findings.

Show How the Solution was Executed

The execution slide of a case study presentation describes careful planning, consideration of risks, and measurement of metrics crucial for implementing the solution. 

Delve into the steps taken to attain desired client results, including identifying project key performance indicators (KPIs), addressing issues, and implementing risk mitigation strategies.

Detail the journey towards helping the client achieve results. Outline the planning, processes, risks, metrics, and KPIs essential for maximizing outcomes. This includes discussing any challenges encountered during execution and the strategies to overcome them, ensuring a seamless implementation process. 

Highlight the practical steps taken to turn the proposed solution into tangible results for the client.

Present the Key Results

Cover the outcomes achieved through the implementation of the solution. Leverage data and metrics to evaluate whether the solution successfully met its objectives and the extent of its impact on stakeholders. Acknowledge any setbacks or areas for improvement.

Outline the solution’s positive impact on the client’s project or business, highlighting aspects such as financial results, growth, and productivity enhancements. Reinforce these assertions with supporting evidence, including images, videos, and statistical data.

Emphasize the remarkable outcomes resulting from the solution, substantiating tangible success with relevant data and metrics. Illustrate the effectiveness of your recommendations through before-and-after comparisons and success metrics, highlighting their real-world impact.

This solidifies the rationale behind your proposal, showcasing its substantial impact on the business or project, particularly in terms of financial benefits for clients.

Include Quotes and Testimonials

Incorporate quotes and testimonials directly from customers who have experienced the transformation firsthand, adding authenticity and credibility to your case study. These voices of customers (VoC) provide firsthand accounts of the benefits and effectiveness of your solution, offering extra social proof to support your claims.

To gather compelling testimonials, plan and schedule interviews with your subjects. Design case study interview questions that allow you to obtain quantifiable results to capture valuable insights into the customer experience and the impact of your solution.

Include testimonials from satisfied customers to bolster the credibility of your case study and provide potential clients with real-life examples of success. These quotes serve as powerful endorsements of your offerings, helping to build trust and confidence among your target audience.

Acknowledge your Contributors with References and Citations

Express gratitude to those who played a vital role in shaping your case study’s outcomes. Extend heartfelt thanks to individuals whose insights and collaboration were essential in problem-solving.

Acknowledges the valuable contributions of external resources, reports, and data sets. Citing these sources maintains transparency and credibility, ensuring due credit is given and providing a solid foundation for further investigation.

Incorporate a comprehensive list of references, citations, and supplementary materials in the appendices supporting the case study’s findings and conclusions. These additional resources demonstrate the thoroughness of the research and offer interested parties the opportunity to delve deeper into the topic.

Thank those who contributed, and encourage the audience to explore the provided references to better understand the insights presented in the case study.

Give a Call to Action (CTA)

As the well-crafted case study presentation slides near their end, it’s crucial to outline actionable steps for stakeholders going forward. Recommend the following strategies to the audience to build upon the success achieved.

Ask stakeholders to integrate the proven solutions highlighted in the case study into existing processes or projects. These strategies have shown effectiveness and can be valuable tools in driving further success.

Encourage audience members to participate in a detailed consultation or product demonstration. Leveraging expertise and solutions can expedite goal achievement and overcome any remaining challenges.

Recommend further research and analysis to explore additional opportunities for improvement or innovation. Continuous learning and adaptation are essential in today’s dynamic business environment, with support available every step of the way.

Proactive steps based on insights from the case study will position organizations for continued growth and success. Urge the stakeholders to take action and seize the opportunities ahead.

Check out our blog on framing an effective call to action to learn more about crafting presentation CTAs. 

Conclude your Case Study Presentation

Conclude the presentation by recapping the main points and highlighting their importance. Show that the solution presented effectively tackled the identified problem, delivering concrete results and benefits for the clients.

Summarize the key takeaways, underscoring how the findings can be applied in similar situations and showcasing the solution’s relevance across various contexts. This demonstrates not only its effectiveness but also its potential to yield positive outcomes in diverse scenarios.

Reiterate the power of strategic problem-solving and innovative solutions in driving success, and end by thanking the audience for their attention and participation.

To know more about concluding a presentation, check out our blog on helpful tips to end a presentation successfully.

Open the Floor for Q&A, Feedback and Discussion

After your presentation ends, conduct a Q&A session. Encourage the audience to share their thoughts, ask questions for clarification, and engage in a constructive dialogue about the case study presented.

Feedback is valuable, so ask everyone to share their perspectives and insights. Also, encourage questions or comments, as they can provide further depth to the understanding of the subject matter.

This is an opportunity for mutual learning and exploring different viewpoints. Urge everyone to speak up and contribute to the conversation. The aim is to listen and exchange ideas to enrich the understanding of the topic.

Unlocking Success: Mastering the Art of Case Study Presentations

Case study presentations are not just reports; they’re dynamic storytelling tools that help sway clients, dissect internal issues, and provide real-world illustrations. 

These presentations aren’t just about offering solutions; they’re about influencing audiences with findings. Organizing vast amounts of data in an engaging way, often using templates and case studies, provides a clear path for clients and stakeholders.

Case study presentations delve deep into subjects, pushing presenters to think creatively. Unlike standard reports, they aim to provoke thought and offer varied perspectives. They’re powerful tools for showcasing success in solving client problems and using written content, visuals, and other elements to tell compelling stories.

Mastering case study presentations can be a game-changer, whether you’re a marketer, salesperson, or educator. It’s about engaging your audience and clearly and persuasively sharing insights into success stories.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. When should I consider doing a case study?

Case studies are beneficial when you need to persuade clients about your services, solve internal problems for a company, back up arguments with real examples, or discuss the viability of an idea for a firm.

2. What is the primary purpose of a case study presentation?

The primary goal of a case study presentation is to offer a comprehensive and evidence-based argument that informs and persuades the audience. It’s about presenting solutions to analyzed issues in a compelling narrative format.

3. What makes a case study presentation different from a standard report?

Unlike a standard report, a case study presentation aims to stimulate critical thinking by using real-life examples to provoke thought and offer different perspectives. It’s not just about presenting data; it’s about engaging the audience with compelling stories.

4. Where can case study presentations be effectively used?

Case study presentations are perfect for sales pitches, trade shows, conferences, and more—whether in-person or virtual. They are valuable storytelling tools that showcase the effectiveness of solutions and success in solving client problems.

Transform Your Business with Prezentium’s Case Study Presentations

Are you looking to captivate your prospective clients with compelling case study presentations? Look no further than Prezentium ! Prezentium, an AI-powered business presentation service provider, offers various services tailored to your needs.

Overnight Presentations : Need a professional presentation in a pinch? Our overnight presentation service has you covered. Email your requirements to Prezentium by 5:30 pm Pacific Standard Time (PST), and we’ll deliver a top-notch presentation to your inbox by 9:30 am PST the following business day.

Prezentation Specialist : Our team is here to help you transform ideas and meeting notes into exquisite presentations. Whether you need assistance with case study design, templates, or content creation, we’ve got you covered.

Zenith Learning : Elevate your communication skills with our interactive workshops and training programs. Combining structured problem-solving with visual storytelling, Zenith Learning equips you with the tools you need to succeed.

Unlock the power of case study presentations with Prezentium. Contact us today to learn more and take your business to new heights!

Why wait? Avail a complimentary 1-on-1 session with our presentation expert. See how other enterprise leaders are creating impactful presentations with us.

Greatest Sales Deck Ever: Pitch Deck Tips

8 tips on how to write a sponsorship proposal template, presentation structure: structure your presentation for success.

How To Present a Patient: A Step-To-Step Guide

Last Updated on June 24, 2022 by Laura Turner

Updated and verified by Dr. Lee Burnett on March 19, 2022.

The ability to deliver oral case presentations is a core skill for any physician. Effective oral case presentations help facilitate information transfer among physicians and are essential to delivering quality patient care. Oral case presentations are also a key component of how medical students and residents are assessed during their training.

At its core, an oral case presentation functions as an argument. It is the presenter’s job to share the pertinent facts of a patient’s case with the other members of the medical care team and establish a clear diagnosis and treatment plan. Thus, the presenter should include details to support the proposed diagnosis, argue against alternative diagnoses, and exclude extraneous information. While this task may seem daunting at first, with practice, it will become easier. That said, if you are unsure if a particular detail is important to your patient’s case, it is probably best to be safe and include it.

Now, let’s go over how to present a case. While I will focus on internal medicine inpatients, the following framework can be applied to patients in any setting with slight modifications.

Oral case presentations are generally made to a medical care team, which can be composed of medical and pharmacy students, residents, pharmacists, medical attendings, and others. As the presenter, you should strive to deliver an interesting presentation that keeps your team members engaged. Here are a few things to keep in mind:

• Be confident: Speak clearly at the loudest volume appropriate to protect patient privacy, vary your tone to emphasize the most important details, and maintain eye contact with members of your team.
• Don’t fidget : Stand up straight and avoid unnecessary, distracting movements.
• Use your notes : You may glance at your notes from time to time while presenting. However, while there is no need to memorize your presentation, there is no better way to lose your team’s attention than to read your notes to them.
• Be honest: Given the importance of presentations in guiding medical care, never guess or report false information to the team. If you are unsure about a particular detail, say so.

The length of your presentation will depend on various factors, including the complexity of your patient, your audience, and your specialty. I have found that new internal medicine inpatients generally take 5-10 minutes to present. Internal medicine clerkship directors seem to agree. In a 2009 survey , they reported a range of 2-20 minutes for the ideal length of student inpatient presentations, with a median of 7 minutes.

While delivering oral case presentations is a core skill for trainees, and there have been attempts to standardize the format , expectations still vary among attending physicians. This can be a frustrating experience for trainees, and I would recommend that you clarify your attending’s expectations at the beginning of each new rotation. However, I have found that these differences are often stylistic, and content expectations are generally quite similar. Thus, developing a familiarity with the core elements of a strong oral case presentation is essential.

How to Present a Patient

You should begin every oral presentation with a brief one-liner that contains the patient’s name, age, relevant past medical history, and chief complaint. Remember that the chief complaint is why the patient sought medical care in his or her own words. An example of an effective opening is as follows: “Ms. X is a 78-year-old female with a past medical history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who presents to the hospital after she felt short of breath at home.”

Following the opener, elaborate on why the patient sought medical care. Describe the events that preceded the patient’s presentation in chronological order. A useful mnemonic to use when deciding what to report is OPQRST , which includes: • The Onset of the patient’s symptoms • Any Palliative or Provoking factors that make the symptoms better or worse, respectively • The Quality of his or her symptoms (how he or she describes them) • The Region of the body where the patient is experiencing his or her symptoms and (if the symptom is pain) whether the patient’s pain Radiates to another location or is well-localized • The Severity of the symptoms and any other associated Symptoms • The Time course of the symptoms (how they have changed over time and whether the patient has experienced them before) Additionally, include any other details here that may support your final diagnosis or rule out alternative diagnoses. For example, if you are concerned about a pulmonary embolism and your patient recently completed a long-distance flight, that would be worth mentioning.

The review of systems is sometimes included in the history of present illness, but it may also be separated. Given the potential breadth of the review of systems (a comprehensive list of questions that may be asked can be found here ), when presenting, only report information that is relevant to your patient’s condition.

The past medical history comes next. This should include the following information: • The patient’s medical conditions, including any that were not highlighted in the opener • Any past surgeries the patient has had and when they were performed • The timing of and reasons for past hospitalizations • Any current medications, including dosages and frequency of administration

The next section should detail the patient’s relevant family history. This should include: • Any relevant conditions that run in the patient’s family, with an emphasis on first-degree relatives

After the family history comes the social history. This section should include information about the patient’s: • Living situation • Occupation • Alcohol and tobacco use • Other substance use You may also include relevant details about the patient’s education level, recent travel history, history of animal and occupational exposures, and religious beliefs. For example, it would be worth mentioning that your anemic patient is a Jehovah’s Witness to guide medical decisions regarding blood transfusions.

Once you have finished reporting the patient’s history, you should transition to the physical exam. You should begin by reporting the patient’s vital signs, which includes the patient’s: • Temperature • Heart rate • Blood pressure • Respiratory rate • Oxygen saturation (if the patient is using supplemental oxygen, this should also be reported) Next, you should discuss the findings of your physical exam. At the minimum, this should include: • Your general impressions of the patient, including whether he or she appears “sick” or not • The results of your: • Head and neck exam • Eye exam • Respiratory exam • Cardiac exam • Abdominal exam • Extremity exam • Neurological exam Additional relevant physical examination findings may be included, as well. Quick note: resist the urge to report an exam as being “normal.” Instead, report your findings. For example, for a normal abdominal exam, you could report that “the patient’s abdomen is soft, non-tender, and non-distended, with normoactive bowel sounds.”

This section includes the results of any relevant laboratory testing, imaging, or other diagnostics that were obtained. You do not have to report the results of every test that was ordered. Before presenting, consider which results will further support your proposed diagnosis and exclude alternatives.

The emergency department (ED) course is classically reported towards the end of the presentation. However, different attendings may prefer to hear the ED course earlier, usually following the history of present illness. When unsure, report the ED course after the results of diagnostic testing. Be sure to include initial ED vital signs and any administered treatments.

You should conclude your presentation with the assessment and plan. This is the most important part of your presentation and allows you to show your team how much you really know. You should include: • A brief summary (1-2 lines) of the patient, the reason for admission, and your likely diagnosis. This should also include information regarding the patient’s clinical stability. While it can be similar to your opener, it should not be identical. An example could be: “Ms. X is a 78-year-old female with a past medical history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who presents with shortness of breath in the setting of an upper respiratory tract infection who is now stable on two liters of supplemental oxygen delivered via nasal cannula. Her symptoms are thought to be secondary to an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.” • A differential diagnosis . For students, this should consist of 3-5 potential diagnoses. You should explain why you think each diagnosis is or is not the final diagnosis. Be sure to rule out potentially life-threatening conditions (unless you think your patient has one). For our fictional patient, Ms. X, for example, you could explain why you think she does not have a pulmonary embolism or acute coronary syndrome. For more advanced trainees, the differential can be more limited in scope. • Your plan . On regular inpatient floors, this should include a list of the patient’s medical problems, ordered by acuity, followed by your proposed plan for each. After going through each active medical problem, be sure to mention your choice for the patient’s diet and deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis, the patient’s stated code status, and the patient’s disposition (whether you think they need to remain in the hospital). In intensive care units, you can organize the patient’s medical problems by organ system to ensure that no stone is left unturned (if there are no active issues for an organ system, you may say so).

Presenting Patients Who Have Been in the Hospital for Multiple Days

After the initial presentation, subsequent presentations can be delivered via SOAP note format as follows:

• The  Subjective  section includes details about any significant overnight events and any new complaints the patient has.
• In the  Objective  section, report your physical exam (focus on any changes since you last examined the patient) and any significant new laboratory, imaging, or other diagnostic results.
• The  Assessment  and  Plan  are typically delivered as above. For the initial patient complaint, you do not have to restate your differential diagnosis if the diagnosis is known. For new complaints, however, you should create another differential and argue for or against each diagnosis. Be sure to update your plan every day.

Presenting Patients in Different Specialties

Before you present a patient, consider your audience. Every specialty presents patients differently. In general, surgical and OB/GYN presentations tend to be much quicker (2-3 minutes), while pediatric and family medicine presentations tend to be similar in length to internal medicine presentations. Tailor your presentations accordingly.

Presenting Patients in Outpatient Settings

Outpatients may be presented similarly to inpatients. Your presentation’s focus, however, should align with your outpatient clinic’s specialty. For example, if you are working at a cardiology clinic, your presentation should be focused on your patient’s cardiac complaints.

If your patient is returning for a follow-up visit and does not have a stated chief complaint, you should say so. You may replace the history of present illness with any relevant interval history since his or her last visit.

And that’s it! Delivering oral case presentations is challenging at first, so remember to practice. In time, you will become proficient in this essential medical skill. Good luck!

Kunal Sindhu, MD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Radiation Oncology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and New York Proton Center. Dr. Sindhu specializes in treating cancers of the head, neck, and central nervous system.

2 thoughts on “How To Present a Patient: A Step-To-Step Guide”

To clarify, it should take 5-10 minutes to present (just one) new internal medicine inpatient? Or if the student had 4 patients to work up, it should take 10 minutes to present all 4 patients to the preceptor?

Good question. That’s per case, but with time you’ll become faster.

Comments are closed.

• UNC Chapel Hill

Case Presentation Skills

Communicating patient care information to colleagues and other health professionals is an essential skill regardless of specialty. Internists have traditionally given special attention to case presentation skills because of the comprehensive nature of patient evaluations and the various settings in which internal medicine is practiced. Students should develop facility with different types of case presentation: written and oral, new patient and follow-up, inpatient and outpatient.

Prerequisite

Basic written and oral case presentation skills, obtained in physical diagnosis courses.

Specific Learning Objectives

• components of comprehensive and abbreviated case presentations (oral and written) and the settings appropriate for each.
• present illness organized chronologically, without repetition, omission, or extraneous information.
• a comprehensive physical examination with detail pertinent to the patient’s problem.
• a succinct and, where appropriate, unified list of all problems identified in the history and physical examination.
• a differential diagnosis for each problem (appropriate to level of training).
• a diagnosis/treatment plan for each problem (appropriate to level of training).
• orally present a new patient’s case in a logical manner, chronologically developing the present illness, summarizing the pertinent positive and negative findings as well as the differential diagnosis and plans for further testing and treatment.
• orally present a follow-up patient’s case, in a focused, problem-based manner that includes pertinent new findings and diagnostic and treatment plans.
• select the appropriate mode of presentation that is pertinent to the clinical situation.
• demonstrate a commitment to improving case presentation skills by regularly seeking feedback on presentations. accurately and objectively record and present data.

Mastering the Art of Case Presentations: A guide for allied health students

Understanding the Purpose of Case Presentations

As allied health students progress through training and begin clinical experience, case presentations become important to communicate with clinical supervisors effectively . Mastering the art of case presentations allows students to succinctly convey patient information, including relevant history, symptoms, and examination results. Additionally, case presentations allow students to demonstrate their clinical reasoning skills, including their ability to formulate differential diagnoses and develop evidence-based treatment plans. 

The Patient Information Pyramid

At its core, a case presentation is a patient history summary, with all of the clinically irrelevant information omitted. Similarly, a clinical impression is a distilled case presentation. This is represented graphically below:

How to Present a Case Study- Case Presentation Examples

Creating an effective case study presentation involves more than just relaying facts and figures. It's about storytelling, engaging your audience, and showcasing your analytical skills. Incorporating AI design tools into your preparation process can elevate your presentation, making it more interactive and visually appealing. Whether you're presenting in an academic setting, to a business audience, or as part of a job interview, mastering the art of case study presentation with the help of AI tools can set you apart. In this comprehensive guide, we'll walk through the steps of preparing and presenting a compelling case study, with examples to illustrate key points. We'll explore how AI design tools can be used to create dynamic visuals, generate engaging content, and analyze data more effectively, ensuring your presentation is not only informative but also memorable.

Understanding the Purpose of a Case Study Presentation

The first step in creating an effective presentation, with the aid of a Presentation Maker tool, is to understand the purpose of your case study. A case study is a detailed analysis of a particular incident, project, or scenario over a period. It is used to demonstrate theoretical concepts in a real-world context, provide insights into professional practices, or showcase problem-solving and analytical skills. Identifying your objective—whether it’s to educate, persuade, or showcase an analysis—will shape your approach to the presentation. Utilizing a Presentation Maker can simplify the process of organizing your content, choosing a design, and incorporating interactive elements, ensuring that your presentation not only meets its objectives but also captures and maintains the audience's attention with professional polish and clarity.

How to Make a Case Study: A Step-by-Step Guide

Step 1: selecting the case study.

Choose a case study relevant to your audience and objectives. It should be engaging, rich in detail, and have clear learning outcomes or points of interest. Consider cases that offer lessons learned, showcase innovative solutions, or highlight particular challenges and how they were overcome.

Step 2: Research and Analysis

Once you've selected your case study, conduct thorough research. Gather all necessary information about the background, the challenges faced, the solutions implemented, and the outcomes. Use a variety of sources to ensure a well-rounded view of the case. Utilizing a Graph Maker , analyze the data to create visual representations that identify key themes, lessons learned, and the implications of the actions taken. The use of graphs can help in effectively communicating complex data, making it easier for your audience to understand the case study's impact and results.

Step 3: Structuring Your Presentation

A well-structured presentation, utilizing presentation templates , helps in delivering your message effectively. A typical structure, enhanced by the strategic use of these templates, might include :

• Introduction : Briefly introduce the case study, including the context and the issues to be addressed.
• Background : Provide detailed background information necessary to understand the case.
• Problem Statement : Clearly define the problems or challenges encountered in the case.
• Solution : Describe the solutions implemented to address the challenges.
• Results : Discuss the outcomes of the solutions, including both successes and setbacks.
• Analysis : Analyze the effectiveness of the solutions, what worked well, what didn’t, and why.
• Lessons Learned : Highlight the key takeaways from the case.
• Conclusion : Summarize the main points and reiterate the significance of the case study.

Step 4: Creating Visuals

Visual aids can enhance your presentation, making complex information easier to understand and engaging the audience, especially when tailored to the appropriate presentation sizes . Use graphs, charts, images, and videos appropriately to support your points, ensuring they are optimized for the specific presentation sizes you'll be working with, whether it's a widescreen format for a large conference or a standard size for more intimate settings. This consideration ensures that your visuals are clear, professional, and directly relevant to the content being discussed, as well as visually appealing and effective across various display sizes. Selecting the right presentation sizes for your visual aids is crucial for maintaining the integrity and impact of your message.

Step 5: Preparing to Present

Practice is key to a successful presentation. Rehearse your presentation multiple times to ensure smooth delivery. Pay attention to your timing, making sure to allocate enough time for each section without rushing. Prepare to answer potential questions from your audience, and consider engaging them through interactive elements or discussions.

Step 6: Delivering the Presentation

On the day of the presentation, ensure you're well-prepared, having utilized a Slideshow Maker to enhance your preparation. Begin by setting the context and outlining what you will cover, leveraging the cohesive structure provided by your slideshow maker tool. As you move through the presentation, speak clearly and maintain eye contact with your audience. Use your visuals effectively, created and organized with the slideshow maker, referring to them to underscore your points. Finally, conclude your presentation with a strong summary of key takeaways, as visually reinforced by your final slides, and open the floor to questions.

Case Study Presentation Examples

Example 1: business strategy case study.

Imagine presenting a case study on a company's strategic shift to enter a new market, utilizing graph templates to enhance your presentation. Start with the company's background, detailing its previous market focus and the reasons for the strategic shift, using graph templates to visually represent this transition. Discuss the challenges faced, such as market research, competitor analysis, and strategic planning, employing graph templates to illustrate these complexities and comparisons. Then, delve into the solutions implemented, including marketing strategies, partnership opportunities, and product adjustments, using graph templates to showcase before-and-after scenarios or growth trajectories. Highlight the outcomes, such as increased market share or revenue growth, with graph templates that clearly display these successes. Finally, analyze the success factors and lessons learned, employing graph templates to summarize key takeaways and insights, making your analysis both comprehensive and visually engaging.

Example 2: Public Health Case Study

Consider a case study presentation on a public health campaign to address a disease outbreak, utilizing infographic templates to succinctly convey complex information. Begin with an overview of the health issue and the affected regions, employing infographic templates to visually map the outbreak and highlight critical data. Detail the challenges in disease management, public awareness, and healthcare delivery, using infographic templates to break down these complexities into digestible segments. Discuss the strategies employed, such as public health campaigns, vaccination drives, and community engagement efforts, illustrating these actions through dynamic infographic templates that capture the scope and scale of the initiatives. Present the results, including reductions in disease incidence and improvements in public health awareness, with infographic templates that compare before-and-after scenarios, effectively demonstrating the campaign's impact. Conclude with an analysis of what worked well and the broader implications for public health policy, utilizing infographic templates to summarize key takeaways and policy recommendations, ensuring your presentation is both informative and visually engaging.

Final Tips for Case Study Presentation

• Know your audience and tailor your presentation to their interests and level of understanding.
• Keep your presentation concise and focused, avoiding unnecessary jargon or overly complex explanations.
• Encourage interaction, whether through Q&A sessions, discussions, or interactive elements, to make your presentation more engaging.
• Reflect on feedback and questions to improve future presentations.

By mastering the art of case study presentation with the help of an Infographic Maker , you not only enhance your communication skills but also demonstrate your ability to think critically, solve problems, and learn from real-world scenarios. Utilizing an Infographic Maker enables you to visually represent complex information, making your analysis and findings more accessible and engaging to your audience. This approach not only improves your presentation skills but also underscores your proficiency in using modern tools to convey critical insights and solutions effectively.

Presenting a case study effectively requires careful preparation, from selecting the right case to delivering a polished presentation. By following these steps and incorporating visual aids through the use of Slideshow Templates , practice, and a clear structure, you can engage your audience and convey your message powerfully. Slideshow Templates can provide a professional and cohesive look to your presentation, ensuring that your visuals align with the story you're telling. Remember, the goal is not just to present data, but to tell a story that resonates with your audience and provides valuable insights. Whether your case study is on business, health, technology, or any other field, these principles, augmented by the strategic use of Slideshow Templates, can help you create a compelling and informative presentation.

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• v.12(2); May-Aug 2005

TEACHING TIPS: TWELVE TIPS FOR MAKING CASE PRESENTATIONS MORE INTERESTING *

1. set the stage.

Prepare the audience for what is to come. If the audience is composed of people of mixed expertise, spend a few minutes forming them into small mixed groups of novices and experts. Explain that this is an opportunity for the more junior to learn from the more senior people. Tell them that the case to be presented is extremely interesting, why it is so and what they may learn from it. The primary objective is to analyze the clinical reasoning that was used rather than the knowledge required, although the acquisition of such knowledge is an added benefit of the session. A “well organized case presentation or clinicopathological conference incorporates the logic of the workup implicitly and thus makes the diagnostic process seem almost preordained”.

A psychiatry resident began by introducing the case as an exciting one, explaining the process and dividing the audience into teams mixing people with varied expertise. He urged everyone to think in ‘real time’ rather than jump ahead and to refrain from considering information that is not normally available at the time: for example, a laboratory report that takes 24 hours to obtain be assessed in the initial workup.

2. PROVIDE ONLY INITIAL CUES AT FIRST

Give them the first two to live cues that were picked up in the first minute or two of the patient encounter either verbally, or written on a transparency. For example, age, sex race and reason for seeking medical help. Ask each group to discuss their first diagnostic hypotheses. Experts and novices will learn a great deal from each other at this stage and the discussions will be animated. The initial cues may number only one or two and hypothesis generation occurs very quickly even in the novices. Indeed, the only difference between the hypotheses of novices and those of experts is in the degree of refinement, not in number.

It is Saturday afternoon and you are the psychiatric emergency physician. A 25-year-old male arrives by ambulance and states that he is feeling suicidal. Groups talked for 4 minutes before the resident called for order to commence step three.

3. ASK FOR HYPOTHESES AND WRITE THEM UP ON THE BLACKBOARD

Call for order and ask people to offer their suggested diagnoses and write these up on a board or transparency.

The following hypotheses were suggested by the groups and the resident wrote them on a flip chart: depression, substance abuse, recent social stressors-crisis, adjustment disorder, organic problem, dysthymia, schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder. The initial three or four bits of information generated eight hypotheses.

4. ALLOW THE AUDIENCE TO ASK FOR INFORMATION

After all hypotheses have been listed instruct the audience to ask for the information they need to confirm or refute these hypotheses. Do not allow them to ‘jump the gun’ by asking for a test result, for example, that would not have been received within the time frame that is being re-lived. There will be a temptation to move too fast and the exercise is wasted if information is given too soon. Recall that the purpose is to help them go through a thinking process which requires time.

Teachers participating in this exercise will receive much diagnostic information about students’ thinking at this stage. Indeed, an interesting teaching session can be conducted by simply asking students to generate hypotheses without proceeding further. There is evidence to suggest that when a diagnosis is not considered initially it is unlikely to be reached over time, Hence it is worth spending time with students to discuss the hypotheses they generate before they proceed with an enquiry.

Directions to the group were to determine what questions they would like to ask, based on gender, age and probabilities, to support or exclude the listed diagnostic possibilities. A sample of question follow:

• Does he work? No, he's unemployed.
• Does he drink? one to three beers a week.
• Why now? He's been feeling worse and worse for the last 3 weeks.
• Social support? He gives alone. Has no girlfriend.
• Appearance? Looks his age. Not shaved today. No shower in 3 days.
• Cultural background? Refugee from Iraq. Muslim.
• How did he get here? He spent 4 years in a refugee camp after spending 4 months walking to Pakistan from Iraq. He left Iraq to avoid military service.
• Suicide thoughts? Increasing the last 3 weeks. He was admitted in December and has been taking chloral hydrate.

This step took 13 minutes.

5. HAVE THE AUDIENCE RE-FORMULATE THEIR LIST OF HYPOTHESES

After enough information has been gained to proceed, ask them to resume their discussion about the problem and reformulate their diagnostic hypotheses in light of the new information. Instruct them to discuss which pieces of information changed the working diagnosis and why. Call for order again and ask people what they now think.

After allowing the group to talk for a few minutes, the resident asked them if there was enough information to strike off any hypotheses or if new hypotheses should be added to the list. One more possibility was added, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). One group's list of priorities was major affective disorder with psychosis, schizophrenia, personality disorder. Another group also placed affective disorder first followed by organic mood disorder.

This step took 25 minutes.

6. FACILITATE A DISCUSSION ABOUT REASONING

Alter the original lists of hypotheses on the board in light of the discussion, or allow one member from each group to alter their own lists. By the use of open-ended questions encourage a general discussion about the reasons a group has for preferring one diagnosis over another.

A general discussion ensued about reasons for these priorities. Then the list was altered so that it read: schizophrenia, personality disorder, PTSD, major affective disorder with psychosis, organic mood disorder.

7. ALLOW ANOTHER ROUND OF INFORMATION SEEKING

Continue with another round of information and small-group discussion or else allow the whole group to interact. By giving information only when asked for and only in correct sequence, each person is challenged to think through the problem.

More information was sought, such as: form of speech? eye contact? affect? substance use? After 5 minutes the resident asked if there were only lab tests they would like. The group asked for thyroid stimulating hormone, T4, electrolytes and were given the results. They also asked for the results of the physical examination and were told that the pulse was 110 and the thyroid was enlarged. At this point some hypotheses were removed from the list.

8. ASK GROUPS TO REACH A FINAL DIAGNOSIS

When there is a lull in the search for information, ask the groups to reach consensus on their final diagnosis, given the information they have. Allow discussion within the groups.

9. CALL FOR EACH GROUP'S FINAL DIAGNOSIS

On each group's list of hypothesis, star or underline the final diagnosis.

The group decided that the most likely diagnosis was affective disorder with psychosis, the actual working diagnosis of the patient.

10. ASK FOR MANAGEMENT OPTIONS

If there is enough time, ask them to form small groups again to discuss treatment options, or conduct the discussion as a large group. Again ask for the reasons why one approach is preferred over another. Particularly ask the experts in the room for their reasoning so that the novices can learn from them.

11. SUMMARIZE

By the time the end is in sight the audience will be so involved that they will not wish to leave. However, 5 minutes before time, call for order and summarize the session. Highlight the key points that have been raised and refer to the objective of the session.

We are now at the end of our time. You have all had the opportunity to use your clinical reasoning skills to generate several hypotheses which are shown on the board. Initially you thought it possible that this man could have any one of a number of diagnoses including depression, substance abuse, adjustment disorder with depressed mood, organic mood disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder. With further information the possible diagnosis shifted to include schizophrenia and personality disorder as well as depression with psychotic features. Finally the diagnosis of depression or mood disorder with psychosis was most strongly supported because of the history of consistently depressed mood over several months, along with disturbed sleep, poor appetite, weight loss, decreased energy and diminished interest in most activities. The initially abnormal thyroid test proved to be a red herring so organic mood disorder related to hyper- or hypo-thyroidism was excluded. Additionally absence of vivid dreams involving a traumatic event made a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder unlikely. Although a diagnosis of schizophrenia could not be totally excluded, this seemed less likely given the findings.

12. CLOSE THE SESSION WITH POSITIVE FEEDBACK

In some respects, but only some, teaching is like acting and one should strive to leave them not laughing as you go, but feeling that they have learned something.

The more novice members of the group have learned from the more experienced and all your suggestions have been valid. It has been interesting for me to follow your reasoning and compare it with mine when I actually saw this man. You have given me a different perspective as you thought of things I had not, and I thank you for your participation.

Although case presentation should be a major learning experience for both novice and experienced physicians they are often conducted in a stultifying way that defies thought. We have presented a series of steps which, if followed, guarantee active participation from the audience and ensure that if experts are in the room their expertise is used. Physicians have been moulded to believe that teaching means telling and, as a consequence, adopt a remote listening stance during case presentations. Indeed the back row often use the time to catch up on much needed sleep! Changing the format requires courage. We urge you to try out these steps so that both you and your audience will learn from and enjoy the process.

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How To Outline a Case Study: 15 Examples & Templates

Written by: Christopher Jan Benitez

They allow you to make your business more appealing to your target audience, resulting in more leads and customers moving forward.

By definition, you should create more of these studies to show your business’s effectiveness to people, right?

But before you do, you must learn how to outline them first.

This post discusses how you can develop a case study outline, which templates to use, and best practices to follow.

Here’s a short selection of 8 easy-to-edit case study templates you can edit, share and download with Visme. View more templates below:

Table of Contents

What is a case study, what is a case study outline, how do you write a case study outline, 15 case study outline examples, design tips for your case study outline, create your case study with visme.

A case study is a real-life success story of a customer who faced challenges and managed to overcome them by using your products or services. It's like a narrative that tells the tale of how someone benefited from what you have to offer. It's a way to showcase the practical application of your solutions in a specific situation and demonstrate the value they bring. So, it's not just a theoretical explanation but an engaging story that highlights the positive outcomes achieved by your customer.

Beyond business, case studies are commonly used in other settings, like academics, social sciences, medicine, psychology, and education. A case study is an in-depth examination and analysis of a specific individual, group, organization, event, or situation. It involves gathering detailed information and data to gain an extensive understanding of the subject being studied.

A case study outline is a roadmap for creating a solid case study report. It helps you organize and present all the important elements in a structured way. Think of it as a blueprint that guides you through the process. Of course, the specific outline can vary depending on why you're doing the case study and the specific situation you're studying. So, it's adaptable to fit your needs and make sure you cover everything necessary.

Made with Visme Infographic Maker

Below are the main parts of a typical case study outline:

• Introduction: Describe the customer or client who is the focus of the case study.
• Problem: Identify the client's issue, which is why they sought your help in the first place.
• Goals/Solutions: Enumerate the goals you wish to achieve with the strategy you developed for this client. Then, discuss the tactics you used in the hopes of achieving these objectives.
• Results/Achievements: Talk about the positive results of your campaign using data and figures. This section should emphasize the effectiveness of your business in solving the problem through your products and services.

If you want a head start with your case studies, use any of Visme's templates below.

Most of these templates contain the main parts mentioned above. Once you’ve chosen a case study template , simply edit it to best explain your case to prospects.

Choose from built-in graphics ranging from video backgrounds to fonts and place them in the presentation using Visme's drag-and-drop builder.

You can also collaborate with team members when editing the case study online template to finish the presentation ahead of time.

1. Medical Case Study

This blue-themed outline template is for you if you're in the medical field and doing a case study on a patient. It contains a table of laboratory findings and clinical manifestations, which lead to your diagnosis and conclusions.

2. Intel Case Study

This simple light-red template is perfect for tech companies looking to quickly present their case study with an overview of its background, goals, and strategy. It ends the presentation by going through the study’s figures and data.

3. UX Case Study

This zesty template tackles how a change in a site or app's user interface generated massive results in conversions. It lays down the site's problem and approach to solving it before dealing with the results.

4. Bit.ly Case Study

For marketers looking to track campaign results launched across various marketing channels, this template is for them. It briefly explains the background and goal of the case in the first place and the obstacles and results in the next.

5. Adobe Case Study

This orange and blue magenta template is heavy on text as it explains how your brand achieved positive results for a client campaign. Show this to similar prospects whom you're looking to turn into clients.

6. Fuji Xerox Australia Business Equipment Case Study

Marketing agencies looking for print businesses or similar to turn into clients won't go wrong with this blue three-page template. It details the case study background, goals, and achievements before concluding with its key results.

7. College For Adult Learning Training Organization Case Study

Marketers with a great track record of helping educational institutions will have great use for this red and blue-magenta template. From here, they can convert similar prospects into clients by showing your case study’s achievements and goals.

8. NVISIONCenters Case Study

A marketing strategy that works is what turns business owners into your clients. With this pink and medium blue template, your agency can showcase your expertise by featuring the results of your strategy with a previous client.

9. Neutrogena Case Study

This blue-themed template shows how a marketing agency could integrate mobile technology to generate sales in a client’s retail stores. It uses a fair share of images and text to communicate its solution and results.

10. Social Media Case Study

This red-on-blue template features the transformative power of social media when used correctly in a marketing campaign. Companies that offer social media marketing can use this to showcase their own successful campaigns.

11. Weebly Case Study

This template uses waves in the layout to add texture to your case study presentation . It's also short enough to help you share your marketing achievements with prospects looking to grow their ROI.

12. Small Business Accounting Case Study

Accounting firms looking to leverage case studies to bolster their leads will find this cyan-themed template useful. This text-heavy template shows prospects how they helped clients manage their receipts and expenditures.

13. Real Estate Development During COVID 19 Case Study

Lots of businesses were hit hard during COVID-19, but not all. If you find yourself in the latter and wish to share with potential clients the progress your clients during this period have made with your help, this theme template is for you.

14. Digital Marketing in Consumer Goods Case Study

This dynamic case study template benefits from its healthy balance of text and image and orange and cyan-blue theme. It allows marketing companies to make their case to prospects looking to promote their new line of products.

15. Automobile Company Case Study

B2B companies benefit the most from case studies due to their complex pricing structure. Therefore, this template is the best for such companies, as it breaks down the entire process to help justify their costs and enable prospects to make informed decisions.

RELATED: 15 Real-Life Case Study Examples & Best Practices

Below are design tips you must keep in mind when outlining your case study:

Use White Space

Great attention to detail in a case study allows you to show off your initiative or campaign to your audience.

However, information becomes detrimental if you overload your audience with too much exposition page after page.

The best way to design your case study or any presentation is to utilize white space as much as possible.

It may sound counterintuitive to leave certain sections of your case study blank as if you’re wasting valuable real estate.

On the contrary, white space is simply a good design principle that enables information on your case study to breathe, giving your audience ample time to digest the information before hopping onto the next section properly.

To help create white space in your case study, limit your paragraphs to two s hort sentences each. Using graphics also enables you to create more white space due to their size.

Maximize Visuals

Case studies require lots of words so you can adequately present your exposition and explain how you achieved the positive results with your process.

But when designing your case study online, you should consider using visuals to explain things much easier for your audience.

Since a picture is worth a thousand words, as the saying goes, using images correctly allows you to use fewer words in your case study.

And because people process images much faster than words, they can comprehend the details in your presentation much easier.

The most common example of visuals in case studies is graphs and charts when presenting figures.

From Visme’s editor, click on the Data button from the side menu on the left to see templates of charts, tables, and radials you can drag and drop onto your presentation.

But using icons and graphics helps you communicate your message more effectively than just plain text.

From the editor again, click on Graphics to choose from over 500,000 stock photos and icons.

You can also upload your images to make your case study even more unique.

Incorporate Branding

Throughout the case study, you want people to know the role your company played for the positive results your clients experienced with their business.

And it’s just not slapping your logo on the cover of the case study. You must also use the color , font , and other elements that are part of your brand guidelines in your case study outline.

Doing so enables you to remain consistent with your visual identity , which makes associating your company with the case study much easier for people.

If you’re constantly designing visual content for presentations and reports, Visme’s Brand Wizard lets you build your brand kit on the platform by importing your website URL.

To do this, log in to your dashboard and click the “My Brand” button on the left.

Once the page loads, you’ll find the Brand Wizard link. Click on it so you can enter the URL of your domain.

From here, Visme will take the logo, colors, and fonts you used on your site and include them in your brand kit.

Aside from your visual brand, you should maintain your brand’s tone and voice in the case study’s copy. For example, how you write the background, solutions, and achievements should reflect how your website’s copy reads like.

Make It Interactive

Most case studies are factual presentations of work done for a specific client. Unfortunately, this lends to a certain dullness in which the audience has nothing to do but sit down and listen to them.

But there’s a way to make your case study engaging so that your audience can be part of it instead of just bystanders.

For example, you can have your highlighted customer share a screen recording or audio file about how your company helped this person improve their business. From here, you can embed the files into your case study, which your audience can play anytime they want.

With Visme, you can make these interactive content show as popups in your presentation.

Select the element that people will click on to trigger the popup. Then, choose Actions > Hotspot from the floating bar before linking the video uploaded onto the cloud to the case study.

Here’s a video on how to create popups with your interactive content:

You can also add a voiceover in your presentation to help people with reading disabilities understand the contents of your case study.

If you want to close your audience to clients or customers of your brand, you must present your case study in the best way possible.

Following the design tips above is a great place to start. But you probably won’t be able to implement them properly unless you possess the necessary design skills.

With Visme, however, you don’t have to be a professional designer to produce professional-looking case studies that will wow your audience.

Just choose from our case study outline templates and edit each using the platform’s built-in features.

Easily put together professional case studies in Visme

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About the Author

Christopher Jan Benitez is a freelance writer who specializes in digital marketing. His work has been published on SEO and affiliate marketing-specific niches like Monitor Backlinks, Niche Pursuits, Nichehacks, Web Hosting Secret Revealed, and others.

How to make an oral case presentation to healthcare colleagues

The content and delivery of a patient case for education and evidence-based care discussions in clinical practice.

BSIP SA / Alamy Stock Photo

A case presentation is a detailed narrative describing a specific problem experienced by one or more patients. Pharmacists usually focus on the medicines aspect , for example, where there is potential harm to a patient or proven benefit to the patient from medication, or where a medication error has occurred. Case presentations can be used as a pedagogical tool, as a method of appraising the presenter’s knowledge and as an opportunity for presenters to reflect on their clinical practice [1] .

The aim of an oral presentation is to disseminate information about a patient for the purpose of education, to update other members of the healthcare team on a patient’s progress, and to ensure the best, evidence-based care is being considered for their management.

Within a hospital, pharmacists are likely to present patients on a teaching or daily ward round or to a senior pharmacist or colleague for the purpose of asking advice on, for example, treatment options or complex drug-drug interactions, or for referral.

Content of a case presentation

As a general structure, an oral case presentation may be divided into three phases [2] :

• Reporting important patient information and clinical data;
• Analysing and synthesising identified issues (this is likely to include producing a list of these issues, generally termed a problem list);
• Managing the case by developing a therapeutic plan.

Specifically, the following information should be included [3] :

Patient and complaint details

Patient details: name, sex, age, ethnicity.

Presenting complaint: the reason the patient presented to the hospital (symptom/event).

History of presenting complaint: highlighting relevant events in chronological order, often presented as how many days ago they occurred. This should include prior admission to hospital for the same complaint.

Review of organ systems: listing positive or negative findings found from the doctor’s assessment that are relevant to the presenting complaint.

Past medical and surgical history

Social history: including occupation, exposures, smoking and alcohol history, and any recreational drug use.

Medication history, including any drug allergies: this should include any prescribed medicines, medicines purchased over-the-counter, any topical preparations used (including eye drops, nose drops, inhalers and nasal sprays) and any herbal or traditional remedies taken.

Sexual history: if this is relevant to the presenting complaint.

Details from a physical examination: this includes any relevant findings to the presenting complaint and should include relevant observations.

Laboratory investigation and imaging results: abnormal findings are presented.

Assessment: including differential diagnosis.

Plan: including any pharmaceutical care issues raised and how these should be resolved, ongoing management and discharge planning.

Any discrepancies between the current management of the patient’s conditions and evidence-based recommendations should be highlighted and reasons given for not adhering to evidence-based medicine ( see ‘Locating the evidence’ ).

Locating the evidence

The evidence base for the therapeutic options available should always be considered. There may be local guidance available within the hospital trust directing the management of the patient’s presenting condition. Pharmacists often contribute to the development of such guidelines, especially if medication is involved. If no local guidelines are available, the next step is to refer to national guidance. This is developed by a steering group of experts, for example, the British HIV Association or the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence . If the presenting condition is unusual or rare, for example, acute porphyria, and there are no local or national guidelines available, a literature search may help locate articles or case studies similar to the case.

Giving a case presentation

Currently, there are no available acknowledged guidelines or systematic descriptions of the structure, language and function of the oral case presentation [4] and therefore there is no standard on how the skills required to prepare or present a case are taught. Most individuals are introduced to this concept at undergraduate level and then build on their skills through practice-based learning.

A case presentation is a narrative of a patient’s care, so it is vital the presenter has familiarity with the patient, the case and its progression. The preparation for the presentation will depend on what information is to be included.

Generally, oral case presentations are brief and should be limited to 5–10 minutes. This may be extended if the case is being presented as part of an assessment compared with routine everyday working ( see ‘Case-based discussion’ ). The audience should be interested in what is being said so the presenter should maintain this engagement through eye contact, clear speech and enthusiasm for the case.

It is important to stick to the facts by presenting the case as a factual timeline and not describing how things should have happened instead. Importantly, the case should always be concluded and should include an outcome of the patient’s care [5] .

An example of an oral case presentation, given by a pharmacist to a doctor,  is available here .

A successful oral case presentation allows the audience to garner the right amount of patient information in the most efficient way, enabling a clinically appropriate plan to be developed. The challenge lies with the fact that the content and delivery of this will vary depending on the service, and clinical and audience setting [3] . A practitioner with less experience may find understanding the balance between sufficient information and efficiency of communication difficult, but regular use of the oral case presentation tool will improve this skill.

Tailoring case presentations to your audience

Most case presentations are not tailored to a specific audience because the same type of information will usually need to be conveyed in each case.

However, case presentations can be adapted to meet the identified learning needs of the target audience, if required for training purposes. This method involves varying the content of the presentation or choosing specific cases to present that will help achieve a set of objectives [6] . For example, if a requirement to learn about the management of acute myocardial infarction has been identified by the target audience, then the presenter may identify a case from the cardiology ward to present to the group, as opposed to presenting a patient reviewed by that person during their normal working practice.

Alternatively, a presenter could focus on a particular condition within a case, which will dictate what information is included. For example, if a case on asthma is being presented, the focus may be on recent use of bronchodilator therapy, respiratory function tests (including peak expiratory flow rate), symptoms related to exacerbation of airways disease, anxiety levels, ability to talk in full sentences, triggers to worsening of symptoms, and recent exposure to allergens. These may not be considered relevant if presenting the case on an unrelated condition that the same patient has, for example, if this patient was admitted with a hip fracture and their asthma was well controlled.

Case-based discussion

The oral case presentation may also act as the basis of workplace-based assessment in the form of a case-based discussion. In the UK, this forms part of many healthcare professional bodies’ assessment of clinical practice, for example, medical professional colleges.

For pharmacists, a case-based discussion forms part of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society (RPS) Foundation and Advanced Practice assessments . Mastery of the oral case presentation skill could provide useful preparation for this assessment process.

A case-based discussion would include a pharmaceutical needs assessment, which involves identifying and prioritising pharmaceutical problems for a particular patient. Evidence-based guidelines relevant to the specific medical condition should be used to make treatment recommendations, and a plan to monitor the patient once therapy has started should be developed. Professionalism is an important aspect of case-based discussion — issues must be prioritised appropriately and ethical and legal frameworks must be referred to [7] . A case-based discussion would include broadly similar content to the oral case presentation, but would involve further questioning of the presenter by the assessor to determine the extent of the presenter’s knowledge of the specific case, condition and therapeutic strategies. The criteria used for assessment would depend on the level of practice of the presenter but, for pharmacists, this may include assessment against the RPS  Foundation or Pharmacy Frameworks .

Acknowledgement

With thanks to Aamer Safdar for providing the script for the audio case presentation.

Reading this article counts towards your CPD

You can use the following forms to record your learning and action points from this article from Pharmaceutical Journal Publications.

Your CPD module results are stored against your account here at The Pharmaceutical Journal . You must be registered and logged into the site to do this. To review your module results, go to the ‘My Account’ tab and then ‘My CPD’.

Any training, learning or development activities that you undertake for CPD can also be recorded as evidence as part of your RPS Faculty practice-based portfolio when preparing for Faculty membership. To start your RPS Faculty journey today, access the portfolio and tools at www.rpharms.com/Faculty

If your learning was planned in advance, please click:

If your learning was spontaneous, please click:

[1] Onishi H. The role of case presentation for teaching and learning activities. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2008;24:356–360. doi: 10.1016/s1607-551x(08)70132–3

[2] Edwards JC, Brannan JR, Burgess L et al . Case presentation format and clinical reasoning: a strategy for teaching medical students. Medical Teacher 1987;9:285–292. doi: 10.3109/01421598709034790

[3] Goldberg C. A practical guide to clinical medicine: overview and general information about oral presentation. 2009. University of California, San Diego. Available from: https://meded.ecsd.edu/clinicalmed.oral.htm (accessed 5 December 2015)

[4] Chan MY. The oral case presentation: toward a performance-based rhetorical model for teaching and learning. Medical Education Online 2015;20. doi: 10.3402/meo.v20.28565

[5] McGee S. Medicine student programs: oral presentation guidelines. Learning & Scholarly Technologies, University of Washington. Available from: https://catalyst.uw.edu/workspace/medsp/30311/202905 (accessed 7 December 2015)

[6] Hays R. Teaching and Learning in Clinical Settings. 2006;425. Oxford: Radcliffe Publishing Ltd.

[7] Royal Pharmaceutical Society. Tips for assessors for completing case-based discussions. 2015. Available from: http://www.rpharms.com/help/case_based_discussion.htm (accessed 30 December 2015)

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• Case report
• Open access
• Published: 25 August 2024

Atypical presentation of herpes simplex virus 2 primary infection: a case report

• Camille Herbin   ORCID: orcid.org/0009-0009-6713-527X 1 ,
• Pascale Jadoul 1 , 2 ,
• Edouard Hosten 3 ,
• Amandine Gerday 1 , 2 ,
• Mathieu Luyckx 1 , 2 , 4 ,
• Jean-Luc Squifflet 1 , 2 ,
• Vasiliki Perlepe 5 &
• Charlotte Maillard 1 , 4  

Journal of Medical Case Reports volume  18 , Article number:  393 ( 2024 ) Cite this article

Metrics details

Cervicitis, an infectious or noninfectious inflammation of the cervix, encompasses a wide range of clinical conditions, from asymptomatic infections to severe lesions, making its diagnosis difficult. Acute cervicitis may develop into pelvic inflammatory disease. In patients with cervicitis, current guidelines recommend testing for herpes simplex virus when external genital lesions are present. Here, we present the case of a patient with an atypical primary herpes simplex virus 2 infection manifesting as cervicitis without genital lesions.

Case presentation

A 29-year-old Caucasian woman was hospitalized for pelvic inflammatory disease. The patient complained of severe suprapubic pain, fever, and heavy vaginal discharge. The external genitalia were unremarkable, so empirical antibiotic treatment was initiated. Despite 48 hours of well-administered antibiotic therapy, her complaints persisted. Polymerase chain reaction for possible microbial causes was negative for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae . There was no bacterial vaginosis. Repeat gynecological examinations with endovaginal ultrasound revealed an enlarged cervix, and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging supported a diagnosis of cervicitis. At this point, additional screening for other sexually transmitted infections and infectious disease-related etiologies of cervicitis was performed, and the polymerase chain reaction analysis of newly isolated samples was positive for herpes simplex virus 2. No antiviral treatment was initiated given the delay in diagnosing herpes simplex virus 2 infection and the slow but spontaneous abatement of symptoms.

Herpes simplex virus infection should be considered as a possible cause of cervicitis, even in the absence of typical genital lesions. Early detection of herpes simplex virus allows early treatment, helping to reduce the duration and severity of symptoms and therefore potentially reducing recurrences and improving disease control. These data and data from future cases might spur changes in the guidelines on cervicitis testing and treatment.

Peer Review reports

Introduction

Cervicitis is a clinical syndrome characterized by inflammation of the cervix, which can present with wide clinical variability, ranging from no symptoms to mucopurulent cervical discharge and systemic signs. The exact prevalence of cervicitis is unknown due to the lack of a standard definition and variation between populations. It may affect 30–40% of patients seen in sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics [ 1 ]. For patients with cervicitis, the current guidelines recommend testing for herpes simplex virus (HSV) when external genital lesions are present [ 1 , 2 ]. HSV, especially type 2, is one of the most common STIs worldwide, with a seropositivity rate of approximately 12% in the European population in 2023 [ 3 ]. Genital HSV infection ranges from asymptomatic to typically painful vulvar ulcers but can manifest as cervicitis, which makes it difficult to diagnose [ 4 ]. Here, we report a rare case of cervicitis due to HSV infection with no lesions to highlight the importance of considering HSV in the etiological diagnosis of any cervicitis, even in the absence of typical genital lesions, because early recognition of the infection allows for better management of the disease.

A 29-year-old Caucasian woman with no relevant personal history other than cephalosporin allergy was admitted with suspected pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). She presented to the emergency department with 24 hours of suprapubic pain and 48 hours of pyrexia. She described mild mictalgia and a liquid, transparent, odourless vaginal discharge requiring a change in sanitary napkins every 2 hours; 3 days before admission, the patient had been separately seen by an emergency physician at the same hospital for discharge, which was initially considered urinary incontinence, resulting in the prescription of a single 3-g dose of oral fosfomycin. This antibiotic treatment did not improve her symptoms. Her last sexual intercourse, with an occasional male partner, was 14 days prior and involved the use of a condom. The patient was nulliparous and compliant with combined oral contraceptives. Her previous gynecology consultation session was 2 years before admission, and her last cervicovaginal smear, performed 3 years earlier, was unremarkable.

On initial clinical examination, there was abdominal pain in the suprapubic area and iliac fossae without guarding or rebound tenderness. The vulva was unremarkable. Pelvic examination revealed a diffusely tender vagina with uterine pain upon mobilization. Speculum examination confirmed abundant fluid discharge and revealed a slightly edematous cervix without any other lesions. Endovaginal ultrasound did not reveal adnexal masses, and biological investigation revealed a C-reactive protein level of 76 mg/L (N < 5 mg/L) without hyperleukocytosis. The urinary sediment test was negative. Accordingly, the patient was diagnosed with an early presentation of PID with no adnexal abscess. Classic PID investigation, consisting of vaginal swabs for Chlamydia trachomatis , Neisseria gonorrhoeae , and bacterial vaginosis, was conducted. The patient was hospitalized in our gynecology department and was given empirical antibiotic therapy. Given her allergy to cephalosporins, treatment included 100 mg of oral doxycycline twice daily, 500 mg of intravenous metronidazole three times daily, and 500 mg of intravenous ciprofloxacin twice daily (see Fig.  1 for the case timeline).

Case timeline

After 48 hours of well-conducted antibiotic therapy, the patient’s clinical condition remained unfavorable, with increased pain and a persistent subfebrile state. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) run on vaginal swabs for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae , as well as bacterial cultures, were negative. A substantially enlarged cervix, measuring 53.9 × 37.1 × 39.6 mm on endovaginal ultrasound, was evident during a repeat gynecological examination (Fig.  2 ), while other abdominal pathologies were ruled out by abdominal ultrasound. Findings on pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) supported a diagnosis of cervicitis, as it revealed that the cervix was substantially swollen and edematous in appearance, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) revealed a hyperintense signal caused by the high water content of cervical cells, confirming inflammation. However, no significant decreases in the apparent diffusion coefficient were observed, which made malignancy unlikely (Figs. 3 and 4 ). Nonspecific left external iliac adenopathy measuring 8 mm was also detected. Given these results, additional screening for other STIs and infectious disease-related etiologies of cervicitis, such as syphilis, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Mycoplasma genitalium , Trichomonas vaginalis, HSV-1, and HSV-2, was performed. On day 4, PCR and culture results for HSV-2 were positive, and subsequent HSV-2 serological evaluation showed that the samples were positive for HSV-2 immunoglobulin M (IgM) and negative for HSV-2 IgG. The final diagnosis of HSV-2 cervicitis was made, and a mild favorable clinical outcome was achieved. In light of the late diagnosis and after an informal discussion with infectiologists, no antiviral treatment was given, and antibiotic treatment was stopped when she was discharged from hospital on day 6 after admission.

On day 2 after admission, endovaginal ultrasound revealed an enlarged cervix measuring 53.9 × 37.1 × 39.6 mm

T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images showing significant cervical swelling and edema on ( A ) sagittal, ( B ) transverse, and ( C ) coronal views (white arrows)

Diffusion-weighted (DW) image showing a hyperintense signal from the cervix (transverse view)

A follow-up assessment 1 week after hospital discharge revealed persistent and heavy vaginal discharge but resolution of pain, and 3 months after discharge, MRI revealed regression of the swelling and edema of the uterine cervix and a lack of hyperintense DWI signals (Fig.  5 ).

T2-weighted MR images showing regression of the swelling and edema of the uterine cervix on ( A ) sagittal and ( B ) transverse imaging (white arrows)

Discussion and conclusion

We report a case of cervicitis resulting from a primary genital HSV-2 infection whose diagnosis was delayed due to the absence of external genital lesions. This case report describes a patient with a clinical presentation on admission suggestive of PID who, upon subsequent clinical, imaging and laboratory examination, was diagnosed with an atypical genital HSV-2 infection manifesting as cervicitis without external lesions.

Cervicitis is characterized by mucopurulent endocervical exudates, and sometimes, cervical friability with endocervical bleeding. This condition can have either an infectious or noninfectious origin, the latter of which includes chemical or mechanical irritation [ 5 ]. In this case, despite the absence of a friable cervix or metrorrhagia, the patient was diagnosed with cervicitis on the basis of the presence of transparent leukorrhea and cervical edema observed during speculum examination, which was further confirmed by imaging (US and MRI).

To identify the etiology of suspected cervicitis, current guidelines recommend testing for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae , as these pathogens account for up to 25% of infectious cervicitis cases, and testing should also include M. genitalium and T. vaginalis [ 2 , 6 ]. Testing for HSV in the context of cervicitis is not recommended unless there is high clinical suspicion (diffuse erosive and hemorrhagic lesions accompanied by frank ulceration) [ 1 , 2 , 5 ], although genital HSV infections are frequently unrecognized due to their subclinical or atypical presentations [ 6 ]. Cervicitis is thought to occur in 15% of women with clinically evident primary HSV-2 genital infection [ 5 ]. Our patient had no characteristic genital lesions suggesting that HSV was the pathogenic agent. Corey L. et al . reported that up to 8% of women who presented to their clinic with mucopurulent cervicitis without evidence of external genital lesions tested positive for HSV-2, but they noted that no such cases had been published [ 7 ]. Only a few cases of primary herpes infections mimicking cervical neoplasia without ulcerated skin lesions in immunocompetent individuals have been documented [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Our case differs from those published, given the acute nature of the complaints and the appearance of the cervix on clinical examination, which did not suggest a malignant cause. Our initial diagnosis of PID was called into question given the unfavorable clinical evolution of the patient after well-conducted antibiotic therapy. Upon diagnosing cervicitis, we promptly conducted all necessary infection tests to determine its etiology. Despite no strong clinical suspicion of herpes, we tested for it. The positive result highlights the importance of including HSV in the panel of tests in cervicitis patients even in the absence of clinical external lesions.

After primary infection, HSV-2 spreads in a retrograde manner to the sensory ganglia and establishes a latent infection. The virus may reactivate and induce asymptomatic viral shedding or recurrent infections [ 7 ]. Recurrence can be increased by several factors, such as immunodeficiency and the severity and length of the primary episode [ 12 , 13 ]. Given the chronic nature of the disease, HSV infection can be detrimental to the physical, psychological, and social functions of infected individuals and may significantly impact a patient’s quality of life [ 14 ]. According to moderate-quality evidence [ 4 ], early oral antiviral therapy seems to decrease the duration and severity of symptoms by days to weeks, with minimal adverse drug effects, as well as reduce the risk of complications of infections (for example, urinary retention). Even persons with first-episode herpes who have mild clinical manifestations initially can experience severe or prolonged symptoms during recurrent infections. Therefore, all patients with first episodes of genital herpes should receive antiviral therapy [ 6 ]. Treatment should last 7–10 days. All three available antiviral drugs (valacyclovir 1 g orally twice a day, acyclovir 400 mg orally 3 times per day, and famciclovir 250 mg orally 3 times per day) have equivalent benefits and adverse effects [ 4 , 6 ]. European guidelines recommend treatment initiation within 5 days of clinical onset or when new lesions are identified [ 15 ]. In our patient, no antiviral treatment was initiated, as the diagnosis of HSV-2 infection was confirmed 7 days after the onset of symptoms, and no new lesions were observed at the time of diagnosis. Earlier suspicion of HSV-2 could have allowed earlier treatment and might have reduced the duration and severity of the patient’s symptoms. The proposed management strategies for cervicitis are presented in Table  1 .

This case highlights the importance of considering HSV infection in the etiological diagnosis of cervicitis, even in the absence of typical genital lesions. Awareness of the possibility of HSV-2 in cervicitis patients may prevent the underdiagnosis of genital herpes. Early detection of the first episode of genital HSV infection is essential because it enables early initiation of antiviral treatment, efficiently reducing the severity and duration of symptoms. In addition to antiviral therapy, patient education, recurrence management, and transmission prevention are crucial for reducing the individual and socioeconomic impacts of this chronic infection. Additional evidence could help influence the current guidelines on testing for the presence of HSV infection in patients with cervicitis.

Availability of data and materials

The data that support the case report are available within the manuscript. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.

Abbreviations

• Herpes simplex virus

Polymerase chain reaction

Sexually transmitted infections

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Magnetic resonance imaging

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Department of Gynaecology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Av. Hippocrate 10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium

Camille Herbin, Pascale Jadoul, Amandine Gerday, Mathieu Luyckx, Jean-Luc Squifflet & Charlotte Maillard

Gynaecology Research Unit, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale Et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Av. Mounier 52, 1200, Brussels, Belgium

Pascale Jadoul, Amandine Gerday, Mathieu Luyckx & Jean-Luc Squifflet

Emergency Medicine Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium

Edouard Hosten

TILS Group − de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium

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All authors have made substantial contributions to the design of the work and to the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of clinical, biological, and/or imaging data. CH, PJ, EH, AG, ML, JS, and CM significantly contributed to the writing and review of the original manuscript. All the authors have read and approved the manuscript.

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Herbin, C., Jadoul, P., Hosten, E. et al. Atypical presentation of herpes simplex virus 2 primary infection: a case report. J Med Case Reports 18 , 393 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-024-04721-x

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Exceptionally rare MINOCA: a case of acute myocardial infarction following surgery for Stanford type A aortic dissection

• Miaoyun Chen 1 , 2 ,
• Junhai Hao 1 , 2 &
• Chongjian Zhang 1 , 2  

Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery volume  19 , Article number:  485 ( 2024 ) Cite this article

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Aortic dissection is a severe cardiovascular condition associated with high mortality rates, particularly in cases of Stanford type A aortic dissection (TAAD). Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) following surgery for TAAD is rare but potentially fatal.

Case presentation

: A 69-year-old woman presented with sudden chest pain and was diagnosed with acute TAAD. Emergency surgery was performed, during which complications arose, including significant hemodynamic instability. Despite efforts to manage the patient’s condition postoperatively, she developed hemodynamic instability and myocardial infarction, leading to cardiogenic shock. MINOCA was diagnosed based on clinical presentation, echocardiographic findings, and coronary angiography ruling out significant stenosis or occlusion. The patient’s condition deteriorated despite aggressive treatment, ultimately resulting in death.

MINOCA following surgery for TAAD is a rare but serious complication. Vigilant postoperative monitoring and timely intervention are essential for identifying and managing acute cardiac dysfunction in these patients. Further research is required to improve outcomes in this challenging clinical scenario.

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Aortic dissection occurs when there is a breach in the intimal layer of the aorta, leading to the infiltration of blood into the media layer and the subsequent formation of both true and false lumens within the aortic wall. This condition is among the most prevalent and fatal cardiovascular diseases, with Stanford type A aortic dissection (TAAD) representing approximately 58–62% of all aortic pathologies and boasting a mortality rate of up to 30% within 48 h [ 1 , 2 ]. Acute myocardial infarction arises from acute ischemia and hypoxia of myocardial cells due to coronary artery stenosis, occlusion, or an imbalance in oxygen supply and demand, leading to myocardial necrosis and impaired cardiac function. When coronary angiography reveals no significant obstruction, this condition is classified as myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) [ 3 ]. The occurrence of MINOCA following surgery for Stanford TAAD is exceedingly rare, as detailed in the following text.

A 69-year-old female patient with no history of hypertension or connective tissue disorders predisposing her to aortic dissection presented with sudden, tearing chest pain for 1 day before admission. Emergency computed tomography angiography (CTA) revealed Stanford TAAD involving the aortic arch, left subclavian artery, superior mesenteric artery, left renal artery, left common iliac artery, and left external iliac artery, with severe stenosis at the origin of the celiac trunk. Notably, no significant stenosis was observed in either the left or right coronary artery. Furthermore, emergency echocardiography indicated moderate aortic valve regurgitation with an area of 7.2 cm² and a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 61%. With the patient’s consent, an emergency Bentall procedure; total aortic arch replacement with the deployment of an elephant trunk stent graft (Sun’s procedure); and ascending aorta to the innominate artery, brachiocephalic artery, and left subclavian artery bypass grafts were performed under general anesthesia with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). A Cabrol anastomosis was additionally performed due to difficulty in mobilizing the left coronary artery. The right coronary artery was directly anastomosed in situ. The duration of the CPB was 328 min, the aortic cross-clamp time was 137 min, and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest lasted for 25 min, with the transfusion of 1100 mL of red blood cells. The patient received a single 2000-mL histidine–tryptophan–ketoglutarate cardioplegia infusion during the surgery. Following surgery, she was transferred to the surgical intensive care unit at 18:45 h, supported by low-dose vasopressor (norepinephrine 0.02 µg/kg/min), with a heart rate of 65 bpm, blood pressure of 125/80 mmHg, central venous pressure of 10 mmHg, and blood lactate level of 6.8 mmol/L.

Around 02:15 h on the day after surgery (approximately 7.5 h after transfer), the patient experienced a sudden drop in blood pressure to 85/62 mmHg, her heart rate increased to 102 bpm, and her central venous pressure rose to 15 mmHg. The norepinephrine infusion was increased to 0.08 µg/kg/min to maintain blood pressure. The patient exhibited central fever, peripheral circulatory failure with decreased skin temperature, rectal temperature elevated to 38.8 °C, and a significant decrease in urine output, and bedside echocardiography showed marked systolic dysfunction at the apical segment of the left ventricle, ruling out acute cardiac tamponade. Subsequent bedside electrocardiography revealed Q-wave formation with ST-segment elevation in lateral leads (I, aVL), ST-segment elevation in anterior leads (V2–3), and a QS pattern in leads V4–6, indicative of myocardial infarction, with notable changes observable compared with the preoperative electrocardiogram (Fig.  1 A). Urgent coronary angiography showed aneurysmal dilation of the left main coronary artery, irregular intimal surface of the mid-left anterior descending artery, 30% stenosis of the proximal left circumflex artery, and 30% stenosis of the proximal right coronary artery. No coronary artery occlusion or subtotal occlusion was observed during the procedure (Fig.  1 C–E). Repeat echocardiography revealed a significant decrease in left ventricular systolic function (LVEF, 11%) and suggested the presence of a left ventricular aneurysm. Additionally, a 2.8-mm defect in the interventricular septum (Fig.  1 B), indicative of an interventricular septal rupture, was detected using a transapical color flow Doppler probe.

( A ) Electrocardiography revealed Q-wave formation with ST-segment elevation in lateral leads (I, aVL), ST-segment elevation in anterior leads (V2–3), and a QS pattern in leads V4–6. ( B ) Echocardiography indicated interventricular septal perforation. ( C – E ) Coronary angiography ruled out severe stenosis or occlusion due to surgical factors or atherosclerosis

At this juncture, the patient’s hemodynamics became increasingly unstable, prompting the initiation of emergency veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) support (flow rate, approximately 3.5 L/min; rotational speed, 3025 rpm; and FiO 2 , 60%). Over the following 3 days, her creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and troponin levels were continuously monitored, peaking at 452.2 U/L for CK-MB and consistently exceeding 10,000 pg/mL for troponin. On the third postoperative day, repeat echocardiography revealed reduced left ventricular systolic function (LVEF, 35%) and the formation of a left ventricular aneurysm with interventricular septal perforation. The patient received support with VA-ECMO, coronary vasodilators, nutritional support, anticoagulation, and continuous renal replacement therapy. Despite ECMO support, however, the patient’s condition deteriorated, leading to multi-organ dysfunction. On the morning of the fourth postoperative day, the patient’s family signed a document requesting withdrawal of ECMO support, and the patient succumbed to cardiogenic shock at 11:20 h on the same day.

Discussion and conclusions

Our patient, without a history of hypertension or familial diseases, presented with sudden, tearing chest pain. The aortic CTA scan revealed Stanford TAAD involving the aortic arch, left subclavian artery, superior mesenteric artery, left renal artery, left common iliac artery, and left external iliac artery, with severe stenosis at the origin of the celiac trunk. The clinical presentation was highly typical, indicating a clear diagnosis and necessitating emergent surgical intervention [ 4 ]. Our institution’s most experienced cardiothoracic surgeon performed emergency surgery, followed by specialized postoperative management, with an anticipated favorable prognosis. However, shortly after surgery, the patient experienced rapid hemodynamic deterioration and severe left ventricular dysfunction, ultimately leading to cardiogenic shock and death.

The use of CPB and aortic cross-clamping can cause additional myocardial damage, leading to increases in blood markers such as CK-MB and troponin. Both systemic and local inflammatory responses are mediated by ischemia/reperfusion injury to the heart and lungs during CPB [ 5 ]. Furthermore, in TAAD, organ malperfusion, particularly involving the gut or limbs, can result in low cardiac output, mimicking myocardial infarction due to the release of inflammatory mediators [ 4 ]. It is essential to differentiate between low cardiac output syndrome caused by an inflammatory response to CPB and aortic dissection malperfusion and that caused by myocardial infarction. In our patient, there were no signs of acute abdominal organ or lower limb ischemia postoperatively. Troponin levels consistently exceeded 10,000pg/mL, and the CKMB trajectory was consistent with myocardial infarction.

Based on our patient’s clinical presentation, persistent increase in CK-MB and troponin levels, echocardiographic evidence of interventricular septal perforation and ventricular wall aneurysm formation, and coronary angiography ruling out severe stenosis or occlusion due to surgical factors or atherosclerosis, the diagnosis of MINOCA was established.

MINOCA refers to acute myocardial infarction without obstructive coronary artery disease on angiography. The reported incidence varies widely, affecting approximately 1–14% of patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing coronary angiography [ 6 ]. The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction released by the European Society of Cardiology in 2018 specifically added MINOCA as a type of myocardial infarction [ 7 ]. For a diagnosis of MINOCA, the patient must meet the following three criteria [ 6 , 8 ]: (i) clear diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (similar to myocardial infarction caused by obstructive coronary artery disease); (ii) non-obstructive coronary artery disease shown on coronary angiography (no major coronary artery stenosis of ≥ 50% in any potentially infarct-related vessel, including normal coronary arteries [no stenosis < 30%] and mild coronary atherosclerosis [stenosis > 30% and < 50%]); and (iii) absence of other specific diseases causing acute myocardial infarction, such as myocarditis and pulmonary embolism. The present case meets the diagnostic criteria for MINOCA.

According to the 2019 American Heart Association Scientific Statement on the Diagnosis and Management of MINOCA [ 9 ], the etiology of MINOCA includes myocardial necrosis caused by factors related to coronary atherosclerosis (such as plaque rupture, plaque erosion, intramural thrombus, and spontaneous dissection) and factors unrelated to coronary atherosclerosis (such as epicardial coronary artery spasm, coronary microvascular dysfunction, and myocardial oxygen supply–demand imbalance). Coronary artery spasm and microvascular dysfunction are considered the primary mechanisms underlying MINOCA occurrence [ 8 ].

Coronary artery vasospasm (CAV) denotes the transient intense constriction of the epicardial branches of the coronary arteries, resulting in partial or complete vessel occlusion and precipitating myocardial ischemia or myocardial infarction [ 10 ]. CAV represents a rare and perilous complication linked to cardiac surgery, which is predominantly observed after coronary artery bypass grafting, with an incidence ranging from 0.43 to 1.3% [ 10 ], and less frequently observed following valve surgery. Predisposing factors include increased catecholamine levels, manipulation of coronary arteries during surgery, release of vasoconstrictive mediators by platelets, respiratory alkalosis, hypothermia, and sympatho-adrenergic neural stimulation [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Although coronary angiography performed during emergency evaluation did not reveal CAV in this case, intraoperative manipulation of both coronary arteries, particularly the left coronary artery during Cabrol anastomosis; deep hypothermic circulatory arrest during surgery; and subsequent postoperative administration of low-dose epinephrine all constitute risk factors for CAV. Intraoperative or postoperative transient CAV may have substantially contributed to myocardial ischemia in this case.

Myocardial ischemia is not solely dictated by significant stenosis in major coronary arteries but also by coronary microvascular disease and myocardial microcirculatory dysfunction [ 8 ]. In more than half of women with stable angina, coronary angiography unveils normal or non-obstructive stenosis [ 9 ]. Indices such as fractional flow reserve and index of microcirculatory resistance are indispensable tools for microcirculatory function assessment. Our patient likely harbored pre-existing microvascular disease or microcirculatory dysfunction before surgery. Regrettably, due to the abrupt onset of a life-threatening condition necessitating emergency surgery, a detailed preoperative assessment of microcirculatory function was unattainable. Potential microcirculatory dysfunction might have exacerbated severe myocardial ischemia in this case.

Additionally, spontaneous coronary artery dissection and coronary artery thrombosis are significant factors in MINOCA occurrence. In this case, emergency coronary angiography did not uncover significant intracoronary thrombus or coronary artery dissection, suggesting a low likelihood of these factors contributing to acute myocardial infarction. However, it remains plausible that the patient might have experienced postoperative intracoronary acute thrombosis resulting in acute myocardial infarction, followed by spontaneous reperfusion.

Regarding treatment, the American Heart Association recommends the following [ 6 ]: (i) urgent supportive therapy for cardiogenic shock; (ii) cardiac protection with antiplatelet drugs, statins, and/or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, with beta-blockers cautioned against in suspected CAV patients; and (iii) etiological treatment. Our patient rapidly deteriorated into cardiogenic shock postoperatively, culminating in the subsequent development of ventricular septal perforation and ventricular aneurysm formation, indicative of a very extensive infarction. Although emergency treatment involving VA-ECMO support, coronary artery dilation, anticoagulation, and other therapies was initiated, the response was limited. Literature reports suggest a more favorable prognosis for MINOCA than acute myocardial infarction caused by obstructive coronary artery disease [ 9 ]. However, this patient, being older and presenting with ventricular septal perforation and ventricular aneurysm formation, represents one of the most severe and intricate clinical scenarios, which is associated with a markedly increased mortality rate.

In conclusion, acute TAAD cases remain one of the most critical and hemodynamically complex patient cohorts. Patients undergoing coronary artery manipulation, hypothermic procedures, and catecholamine administration require vigilant monitoring for changes in cardiac function and careful surveillance for MINOCA occurrence postoperatively. MINOCA constitutes an exceedingly rare yet fatal complication following Bentall and Sun’s surgery in patients with TAAD. This case stands as the first documented instance of such a complication, characterized by unfavorable treatment outcomes. Presently, there remains a dearth of clinical experience and research concerning the management of such patients. Based on the pathogenesis of MINOCA and the diagnostic and therapeutic trajectory of this case, we underscore the importance of postoperative vigilance for acute cardiac dysfunction; timely completion of electrocardiography, echocardiography, and myocardial injury marker assessments; and correction of reversible factors.

Data availability

No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

Abbreviations

American Heart Association

Angiotensin receptor blockers

Coronary artery vasospasm

Creatine Kinase-MB

Computed tomography angiography

Continuous renal replacement therapy

Cardiopulmonary bypass

Central venous pressure

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

European Society of Cardiology

Fractional flow reserve

Index of microcirculatory resistance

Left ventricular ejection fraction

Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries

Surgical intensive care unit

Stanford type A aortic dissection

Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction

Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

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Acknowledgements

We thank LetPub ( www.letpub.com ) for its linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China

Miaoyun Chen, Junhai Hao & Chongjian Zhang

Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China

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M.C.: Writing – review & editing, Writing – original draft, Validation, Methodology, Investigation, Conceptualization. J.H.: Writing – review & editing, Methodology, Investigation, Research design. C.Z.: Writing – review & editing, Methodology, Research design, Investigation, Data analysis. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Chongjian Zhang .

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Chen, M., Hao, J. & Zhang, C. Exceptionally rare MINOCA: a case of acute myocardial infarction following surgery for Stanford type A aortic dissection. J Cardiothorac Surg 19 , 485 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-024-02979-2

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Received : 13 May 2024

Accepted : 13 August 2024

Published : 21 August 2024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-024-02979-2

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Utilization of Artificial Intelligence to Improve Door-In Door-Out Times for Mechanical Thrombectomy-Eligible Patients at a Hub-and-Spoke Community-Based Comprehensive Stroke Center: A Single Case Study Presentation AI Improving DIDO Times

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Background:

Delays in the transfer of patients with hyperacute stroke may lead to treatment ineligibility due to the degree of cerebral hypoxic injury suffered. Cloud-based artificial intelligence applications may improve transfer times and expand access to advanced therapies. One case between a community-based comprehensive stroke center (CSC) and a primary stroke center (PSC) using a third-party telemedicine service and shared cloud-based artificial intelligence application may provide insight in opportunities to improve stroke systems of care. 

  Case Presentation:

A 62-year-old female with a past medical history of hypertension, current everyday tobacco smoker, and marijuana user presented to an outlying emergency department (ED) with dense left-sided hemiplegia affecting the arm and leg, right-sided gaze preference, and severe dysarthria. Her last known well (LKW) time was 0900 hours. CNS imaging revealed a right middle cerebral artery occlusion, visible to members of the CSC stroke team through the use of a cloud-based artificial intelligence cell phone application. The patient was treated with intravenous thrombolytics at the PSC, and she was transferred to the CSC, where she underwent a diagnostic cerebral arteriogram with carotid artery stenting. Later, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed a 3.5 cm x 2.5 cm hemorrhagic lesion in the right frontal lobe and diffusion restriction in the right frontal and right posterior temporal lobes. The patient’s hospital stay was three days and, at the time of discharged, her modified Rankin score and NIHSS were zero. She was discharged on dual antiplatelet therapy, statin therapy, and nicotine replacement. 

Utilization of Artificial Intelligence:

            Transfer delays are complicated by organizing care at PSC and CSC and can be lengthy when communication across different facilities and subspecialties. Implementing cloud-based AI image sharing in stroke systems of care has reduced DIDO times by providing rapid imaging interpretation, streamlining communication, and enhancing coordination between PSCs and CSCs. 

Conclusions:

Our case presentation showed how a hub-and-spoke model combined with cloud-based AI utilization can improve DIDO times and enhance stroke systems of care.

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