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Today in History

What happened today, famous birthdays.

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What’s Your Vietnam War Draft Lottery Number?

The Vietnam War draft lottery ran from 1969 to 1972. If you were born on September 14, would your number have been called?

• Vietnam War 1969 Lottery Called Drafted 1
• Vietnam War 1970 Lottery Not Called Not drafted 247
• Vietnam War 1971 Lottery Not Called Not drafted 253
• Vietnam War 1972 Lottery Not Called Not drafted 353

Read on to learn more about the Vietnam war draft lottery.

more events on September 14

Northern Rock Bank suffers the UK’s first bank run in 150 years.

Major League Baseball players strike over a salary cap and other proposed changes, forcing the cancellation of the entire postseason and the World Series.

Joe Kittinger, a former USAF fighter pilot during the Vietnam War , becomes the first person to pilot a gas balloon solo across the Atlantic Ocean.

Amy Winehouse, singer-songwriter; her five Grammy wins (out of six nominations) for her Back to Black album (2006) tied the existing record for most wins by a female artist in a single night; won Brit Award for Best British Female Artist (2007).

Bachir Gemayel, president-elect of Lebanon, is killed along with 26 others in a bomb blast in Beirut.

Nur Muhammad Taraki, president and former prime minister of Afghanistan, is assassinated in a coup in which prime minister Hafizullah Amin seizes power.

Mother Elizabeth Ann Seton becomes the first native-born American saint in the Roman Catholic Church.

Operation Attleboro , designed as a training exercise for American troops, becomes a month-long struggle against the Viet Cong.

Wendy Thomas (Melinda “Wendy” Thomas Morse), namesake, mascot and spokesperson for the Wendy’s chain of fast-food restaurants.

Iraq, Iran, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia form OPEC.

Geraldine Brooks, Australian-American journalist and author; her novel March won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction (2005).

Marc Reisner, author and environmentalist best known for his book Cadillac Desert , a history of water management in the Western portion of the US.

German troops abandon the Salerno front in Italy..

Ferid Murad, Albanian-American physician and pharmacologist, is co-winner of Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on nitroglycerin’s effects the cardiovascular system.

Kate Millet, feminist writer, author of Sexual Politics .

Allan Bloom, writer ( The Closing of the American Mind ).

Constance Baker Motley, first African-American woman to be appointed a federal judge.

Russian Premier Pyotr Stolypin is mortally wounded in an assassination attempt at the Kiev opera house.

Vice President Theodore Roosevelt is sworn in as the 26th President of the United States upon the death of William McKinley , who was shot eight days earlier.

Hal B. Wallis, film producer ( The Maltese Falcon , Casablanca ).

Margaret Sanger , birth-control advocate and founder of Planned Parenthood.

Charles Dana Gibson, illustrator, creator of the ‘Gibson Girl.’

Lord Robert Cecil, one of the founders of the League of Nations and its president from 1923 to 1945.

At the battles of South Mountain and Crampton’s Gap, Maryland Union troops smash into the Confederates as they close in on what will become the Antietam battleground.

Hamlin Garland, author who wrote about the Midwest in novels such as A Son of the Middle Border and The Book of the American Indian .

The Allies land at Eupatoria on the west coast of Crimea.

Ivan Pavlov, Russian physiologist who studied dogs’ responsiveness.

U.S. forces under Gen. Winfield Scott capture Mexico City, virtually bringing the two-year Mexican War to a close.

Francis Scott Key writes the words to the “Star Spangled Banner” as he waits aboard a British launch in the Chesapeake Bay for the outcome of the British assault on Fort McHenry during the War of 1812.

Napoleon Bonaparte ‘s invasion of Russia reaches its climax as his Grande Armee enters Moscow–only to find the enemy capital deserted and burning, set afire by the few Russians who remained.

Louis XVI swears his allegiance to the French constitution.

Russian forces under Aleksandr Suvorov successfully storm a Turkish fort at Hirsov, Turkey.

Baron Friedrich von Humboldt, German naturalist and explorer who made the first isothermic and isobaric maps.

Henry VIII ‘s forces take Boulogne, France.

Dante Alighieri dies of malaria just hours after finishing writing Paradiso .

Zangi of the Near East is murdered. The Sultan Nur ad-Din, his son, pursues the conquest of Edessa.

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Current Events in the Classroom

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About This Collection

Engaging with current events is an essential part of educating young people to be informed and humane participants in society, helping them develop the capacity to examine issues from multiple perspectives and think critically about the world around them. 

Our current events collection includes strategies for addressing current events with your students and mini-lessons on topics in the news, which can be adapted to teach in one class period or less. 

What's Included

This collection supports thoughtful classroom conversations about current events. It includes:

• Flexible mini-lessons to help you address specific events and issues in the news.
• Printable explainers to introduce key terms and ideas that are essential to understanding today’s news.
• Collections of resources on four key topics: global immigration, democracy and civic engagement, racial justice in the United States, and bigotry and hate.

Preparing to Teach

Get started, current events toolkit, teaching with current events self-paced workshop.

Self-Paced Course

Teaching Current Events: Educator Guide

Save this resource for easy access later., inside this collection, in the news now, activities to connect and celebrate at the end of the school year, fostering civil discourse: difficult classroom conversations in a diverse democracy, protecting teen mental health, hardship and hope: teaching amanda gorman’s “new day’s lyric”, political polarization in the united states, explore our current events collections.

There are more than 250 million migrants around the world, including more than 65 million refugees. Explore the policies, debates and human stories of immigration around the world.

Related Materials

• Mini-Lesson Teaching about the Ukrainian Refugee Crisis
• Mini-Lesson Haitian Migrants at the US–Mexico Border
• Mini-Lesson Different Perspectives on Migrant Detention
• Mini-Lesson Why Do People Migrate?
• Explainer What is Migration?

Democracy & Civic Engagment

Democracies across the globe are increasingly fragile. Examine the health of democracy, voting and elections, and the pivotal role civic participation of young people plays.

• Explainer Free and Fair Elections
• Explainer Political Polarization in the United States
• Mini-Lesson Assessing the Strength of Democracy
• Mini-Lesson Voting Rights in the United States
• Guide Fostering Civil Discourse: Difficult Classroom Conversations in a Diverse Democracy

Racial Justice in the United States

We are in the midst of a national and global reckoning on race and justice. Use these resources to understand the past and present of racial inequities in the United States and the ongoing struggle for justice today.

• Mini-Lesson The Hope and Fragility of Democracy in the United States
• Mini-Lesson Reflecting on Amanda Gorman's "The Hill We Climb"
• Mini-Lesson Understanding #TakeaKnee and Athlete Activism
• Mini-Lesson Art, Imagination, and the Quest for Racial Justice
• Mini-Unit Policing and the Legacy of Racial Injustice

Bigotry and Hate

Hate is in the headlines around the world. These resources offer sensitive entry points to confront troubling violence and injustice, including terrorism, genocide, and attacks on human rights.

• Mini-Lesson Holocaust Trivialization and Distortion
• Explainer Antisemitism and Its Impacts
• Mini-Lesson The Targeting of Uighur Muslims in China
• Explainer White Nationalism
• Mini-Lesson Teaching in the Wake of Violence

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Facing History & Ourselves is designed for educators who want to help students explore identity, think critically, grow emotionally, act ethically, and participate in civic life. It’s hard work, so we’ve developed some go-to professional learning opportunities to help you along the way.

Exploring ELA Text Selection with Julia Torres

Working for justice, equity and civic agency in our schools: a conversation with clint smith, centering student voices to build community and agency, inspiration, insights, & ways to get involved.

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Today in History

1901: roosevelt becomes youngest u.s. president.

1861: First Civil War naval battle 1982: Princess Grace of Monaco dies 1994: Baseball strike ends season

1993: Rabin and Arafat sign Oslo Accord

1971: Attica uprising ends in gunfire 2008: Hurricane Ike rescue efforts 2010: Nadal completes career Grand Slam

2013: Voyager 1 leaves the solar system

1857: “Ship of Gold” sinks off S.C. coast 1940: Lascaux cave paintings discovered 2008: Chatsworth train collision

2001: Al-Qaeda attacks the US

1936: Hoover Dam begins operation 1973: Allende dies during coup in Chile 2023: Thousands dead after Libyan flooding

1991: Clarence Thomas SCOTUS nomination hearings begin

1960: Bikila wins historic marathon 1963: Alabama school desegregation 2008: Large Hadron Collider powers up

1971: Attica prison uprising begins

1776: “United Colonies” get new name 1850: California becomes 31st state 1957: Althea Gibson makes tennis history

1974: Ford pardons Nixon

1504: Michelangelo’s “David” unveiled 1900: Galveston hurricane deadliest in U.S. history 2022: Queen Elizabeth II dies

1940: Germany launches Blitz on UK

1921: First Miss America pageant 1963: Pro Football Hall of Fame’s first class 1996: Tupac Shakur shot in Las Vegas

1901: President William McKinley fatally shot

1995: Ripken makes MLB history 1997: Diana’s public funeral in London 2006: Bush acknowledges secret prisons

1972: Munich Olympics massacre

1774: First Continental Congress assembles 1975: Assassination attempt on President Ford 1991: Tailhook Association scandal

1949: The Peekskill Riots

1781: Los Angeles is founded 1972: Spitz wins seventh gold 2016: Mother Teresa canonized

1783: Treaty of Paris ends Revolutionary War

1894: First U.S. Labor Day holiday 1939: George VI delivers “King’s Speech” 1976: Viking 2 lander touches down on Mars

1997: Diana, Princess of Wales, dies in Paris crash

1886: Charleston earthquake 1980: Solidarity movement in Poland 1992: Ruby Ridge standoff ends

Citizens of Paris stormed the Bastille prison

Today in History:

On July 14, 1789, in an event symbolizing the start of the French Revolution, citizens of Paris stormed the Bastille prison and released the seven prisoners inside

1960: John F. Kennedy wins the Democratic presidential nomination

1793: Jean-Paul Marat was assassinated 1863: Rioting against the Civil War military draft in NYC 1923: “HOLLYWOODLAND” sign dedicated in Hollywood Hills

Mondale chooses Ferraro

Today’s Highlight in History: On July 12, 1984, Democratic presidential candidate Walter F. Mondale announced his choice of U.S. Rep. Geraldine A. Ferraro of New York to be his running-mate; Ferraro was the first woman to run for vice president on a major-party ticket.

1995: The fall of Srebrenica

1798: U.S. Marine Corps formally re-established by a congressional act. 1804: Aaron Burr mortally wounds Alexander Hamilton during a pistol duel. In 1859, Big Ben chimes for the first time.

1940: The Battle of Britain begins

1509: John Calvin, a key figure of the Protestant Reformation, was born. 1890: Wyoming was admitted as the 44th US state. 1925: Jury selection in the trial of John T. Scopes.

2018: Trump chooses Kavanaugh

1944: American forces secured Saipan during World War II

1947: Announcement of Princess Elizabeth and Lt. Philip Mountbatten engagement

2010: Largest U.S.-Russia spy swap since the Cold War

1972: The “Great Grain Robbery”

1776: First public reading of Declaration of Independence. 1853: Commodore Matthew Perry expedition arrives in Yedo Bay, Japan

1907: Florenz Ziegfeld staged his first “Follies.”

1981: Sandra Day O’Connor nominated

1898: U.S. annexes Hawaii 1990: First “Three Tenors” concert 2013: Brit Andy Murray wins Wimbledon

1957: Althea Gibson wins Wimbledon

1483: England’s King Richard III is crowned 1942: Anne Frank enters annex in Amsterdam 2013: Plane crashes at San Francisco airport

1996: Dolly, first animal cloned, is born

1811: Venezuela declares independence from Spain 1947: Doby is the first Black player in the AL 1994: Jeff Bezos founds Amazon

1776: Declaration of Independence adopted

1826: John Adams and Thomas Jefferson die 1939: Lou Gehrig delivers farewell speech 1960: The current American flag is adopted

1863: Union wins Battle of Gettysburg

1775: Washington commands Continental Army 1944: Soviet forces recapture Minsk 2011: Djokovic wins his first Wimbledon

1964: President Johnson signs the civil rights bill into law

1881: President James A. Garfield is shot 1937: Amelia Earhart disappears over the Pacific 2018: Trapped Thai soccer team found alive

1867: Dominion of Canada is formed

1903: The first Tour de France begins 1984: The first PG-13 movie debuts 2018: LeBron James signs with the Lakers

1982: ERA expires

1934: Hitler launches “blood purge” of rivals

1958: US Senate passes Alaska statehood bill

2021: Bill Cosby is released from prison

1927: First trans-Pacific flight

1613: A fire destroys London’s Globe Theatre

1978: Actor Bob Crane is found dead

2009: Madoff receives a 150-year sentence

1919: Treaty of Versailles signed

1838: Britain’s Queen Victoria is crowned

1940: President Roosevelt signs the Smith Act

1950: North Korean forces capture Seoul

1991: Thurgood Marshall retires

1974: President Nixon visits the Soviet Union

2005: BTK serial killer pleads guilty

2017: Malicious software hits Europe

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THIS DAY IN HISTORY

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Social Studies Skills

The Past Is Present: Strategies for Bringing Current Events Into the Social Studies Classroom

By Michael Gonchar

• Nov. 29, 2018

Updated, Dec. 6, 2018 with related student contest.

Why do we insist that students study history?

Perhaps because the study of history promotes critical thinking, creates a shared cultural literacy or encourages responsible citizenship. Certainly one of the most important reasons is because history continues to matter.

Why has North Korea developed a nuclear arsenal that threatens the United States? Why are thousands of Hondurans camped out on the southern border of the United States? Why have many athletes decided to kneel during the national anthem? To answer any of these questions — or the myriad others posed by the news every day — students will need to understand what happened in the past.

In this teaching resource, we suggest different methods teachers can use to easily facilitate these connections. Each method is illustrated with two examples, one from global history and another from United States history, and each ends with a classroom challenge. The goal is to help this kind of thinking become a habit of mind for your students.

To encourage them, we’re running a contest from Dec. 6 to Jan. 21 that invites any teenager anywhere in the world to link a topic learned in school this semester with something in the news this year. The winners of last year’s contest came up with ideas such as comparing the Chinese Exclusion Act to President Trump’s ban of citizens from seven predominantly Muslim countries .

What connections might your students make?

Connecting Through Essential Questions

Sinking islands, floating nation, rising sea levels are forcing the nation of kiribati to make difficult choices..

This is coming, and it is going to destroy our lives. So we cannot afford to stand on the sideline. And we will do everything, everything we can, to ensure that there is the land and the nation of Kiribati that will remain. For a long time I said there is nothing we can do. I was very angry. I was — there was a deep sense of futility, that no matter what I said, nobody’s listening. Nobody’s going to do anything about it. But I had to overcome that. And to overcome that, you’ve got to really throw away everything. Don’t think in straight, linear terms. Take it all apart and think about doing something crazy, like building an island. [speaking Japanese] These floating islands, I know when I first thought about it, it was unrealistic. I know it’s — in terms of the scale of thinking that we normally do in Kiribati. We don’t think in those terms. With the machines and the technology that we have at our disposal, we keep thinking that we can continue to destroy this planet because we believe we can fix it with our technology. And our arrogance to believe that we have control of everything. The one thing, of course, that’s been very difficult for our people in contemplating the possibility of moving and leaving their homeland is the deep link and connection with the spiritual world. Once we begin to build artificial structures, you will find that people who have left their indigenous homes and gone somewhere else seem to have lost that spiritual connection because they no longer regard themselves as being indigenous. [singing and music] If we leave Kiribati, then our ability to retain our culture as being distinct will no longer be very easy.

Essential questions are, by definition, open-ended and big-picture, and using them in the history classroom encourages students to relate history to current events.Here are two examples.

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PODCAST: HISTORY UNPLUGGED J. Edgar Hoover’s 50-Year Career of Blackmail, Entrapment, and Taking Down Communist Spies

The Encyclopedia: One Book’s Quest to Hold the Sum of All Knowledge PODCAST: HISTORY UNPLUGGED

Free History Worksheets

Here you will find hundreds of free history worksheets designed by professional educators that can be adjusted for elementary, middle, or high school students.

These are nearly 500 student history worksheets in this package that cover all aspects of history, from Ancient Greece to World War One, World War Two, and the Cold War. The worksheets can be modified to accommodate K-12. Please feel free to share these on Pinterest or any other places where teachers’ resources are made available.  Included are full-color and black-and-white worksheets, word searches, quizzes, overviews, info graphs, diagrams, anagrams and activity sheets that provide everything you need to teach your class on any time period in history imaginable. Below are listed our currently available free student worksheets. More are to come.

• How Much Can One Individual Alter History? More and Less...
• Why Did Hitler Hate Jews? We Have Some Answers
• Reasons Against Dropping the Atomic Bomb
• Is Russia Communist Today? Find Out Here!
• Phonetic Alphabet: How Soldiers Communicated
• How Many Americans Died in WW2? Here Is A Breakdown

• All Days 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
• All Months January February March April May June July August September October November December
• All Types Events Birthdays Deaths Weddings

Today in American History

Historical events.

• 1716 1st lighthouse in American colonies lit at Boston Harbor

Gregory Conquers Julius Caesar

1752 Britain and the British Empire, including the American colonies, adopt the Gregorian Calendar after skipping 11 days between September 3 and September 13

Aaron Burr Acquitted

1807 Aaron Burr acquitted of a misdemeanor charge

• 1856 Battle of San Jacinto at Hacienda San Jacinto, Nicaraguan forces defeat American filibusters
• 1862 Federal troops escape from beleaguered Harpers Ferry, West Virginia
• 1862 Skirmish at Fox's Gap, American Civil War
• 1872 Britain pays US$15½m for damages during Civil War
• 1886 George K Anderson of Memphis, Tennessee, patents typewriter ribbon

Inauguration of Theodore Roosevelt

1901 Theodore Roosevelt is sworn in as the youngest man to serve as US President, after William McKinley finally dies after an anarchist shoots him in Buffalo

• 1916 Christy Mathewson pitches & wins his final game

Dempsey KOs Firpo

1923 In his 4th heavyweight boxing title defence Jack Dempsey recovers after being sent through the ropes to KO Argentine challenger Luis Firpo in the 2nd round at the Polo Grounds, NYC

American League MVP

1924 Walter Johnson selected as the American League MVP

US Men's Tennis Open

1929 US National Championship Men's Tennis, Forest Hills NY: Bill Tilden wins 7th US title; beats Francis Hunter 3-6, 6-3, 4-6, 6-2, 6-4

• 1933 2 billion board feet of lumber destroyed in Tillamook Oregon fire

Waner Ties Hornsby Record

1936 Pittsburgh Pirates' future Baseball Hall of Fame outfielder Paul Waner ties Rogers Hornsby 's NL record of 200 MLB hits for 7th time

Neutrality Act of 1937

1937 President Franklin D. Roosevelt bans US ships from trading arms with China or Japan

1st Helicopter Takes Off

1939 World's first practical helicopter, the VS-300, designed by Igor Sikorsky , takes (tethered) flight in Stratford, Connecticut

1st Medal of Honor of WWII

1942 US Navy Admiral Chester Nimitz presents the 1st Medal of Honor of WWII, for courage and valor beyond the call of duty during the attack on Pearl Harbor, to sailor John William Finn; ceremony took place in Pearl Harbor aboard USS Enterprise

• 1947 US National Championship Men's Tennis, Forest Hills, NY: Jack Kramer wins second straight US title; beats fellow American Frank Parker 4-6, 2-6, 6-1, 6-0, 6-3

US Open Women's Tennis

1947 US National Championship Women's Tennis, Forest Hills, NY: Louise Brough beats Margaret Osborne duPoint 8-6, 4-6, 6-1 for her only US singles title

Gerald Ford's Upset

1948 Gerald Ford upsets Representative Bartel J Jonkman in Michigan 5th Dist Republican primary

Baseball Record

1954 New York Giants Willie Mays gets 82nd extra-base hit, breaks Mel Ott 's record

• 1955 Herb Score sets rookie record of 235 strikeouts (en route 245)

Tutti Frutti

1955 Little Richard records "Tutti Frutti" at J & M Studio in New Orleans, Louisiana, kicking off the tune with the immortal phrase "A-wop-bop-a-loo-bop-a-lop-bam-boom"

Baseball History

1958 NY Yankees win 24th pennant and 9th under Casey Stengel

• 1963 Mary Ann Fischer of Aberdeen, South Dakota, gives birth to America's 1st surviving quintuplets, 4 girls & a boy

Presidential Medal of Freedom

1964 President Lyndon Johnson presents journalist Walter Lippmann with the Presidential Medal of Freedom

1964 Walt Disney awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom at White House by President Lyndon Johnson

Ellis vs Patterson

1968 Jimmy Ellis beats Floyd Patterson in 15 for heavyweight boxing title

• 1968 MLB Detroit Tigers' Denny McLain 's 30th victory of season

Orbison Family Fire

1968 While on tour in England, a fire at singer Roy Orbison 's Henderson, Tennessee home kills the two eldest of his three sons

Nixon Lifts Football Blackout

1973 US President Richard Nixon signs into law a measure lifting pro football's blackout

• 1975 Milwaulkee Brewer Robin Yount breaks Mel Ott's record, playing in 242 MLB games as a teen

1st US Saint

1975 Mother Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton canonized as 1st US-born saint by Pope Paul VI

1978 MLB Atlanta Braves' Jim Bouton (38) beats San Francisco Giants, his 1st win since 1970

• 1980 Dwight Clark begins NFL streak of 105 consecutive game receptions

The Golden Girls

1985 " The Golden Girls ", starring Bea Arthur , Betty White , Rue McClanahan, and Estelle Getty , debuts on NBC

• 1985 Susan Akin (Miss), 21, crowned 59th Miss America 1986

1986 Bo Jackson 's 1st HR-a 475-foot blast (longest at Royal Stadium)

NFL History

1986 NFL Bears running back Walter Payton scores his 100th career rushing touchdown, and gains 177 yards, surpassing 15,000-yard career plateau in 13-10 overtime win over visiting Philadelphia Eagles, at Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois

1987 Cal Ripken Jr .'s record streak of 8,243 consecutive innings (908 games) is finally broken

• 1987 US Open Men's Tennis: Czech star Ivan Lendl wins 3rd straight US title; beats Sweden's Mats Wilander 6-7, 6-0, 7-6, 6-4
• 1989 Jeff Reardon is 1st to record 30 saves in 5 consecutive seasons
• 1991 Carolyn Suzanne Sapp (Hawaii), 24, crowned 65th Miss America 1992
• 1996 As' Mark McGwire is 13th player to hit 50-HRs in a season
• 1996 Tara Dawn Holland (Kansas), 23, crowned 70th Miss America 1997
• 1997 49th Emmy Awards: Law & Order, Frasier, Dennis Franz & Gillian Anderson win

9/11 Attack on NY's World Trade Towers

2001 Historic National Prayer Service held at Washington National Cathedral for victims of the September 11 attacks. A similar service is held in Canada on Parliament Hill, the largest vigil ever held in the nation's capital.

Solheim Cup

2003 Solheim Cup Women's Golf, Barsebäck G & CC: Europe regains Cup; after Catriona Matthew beat Rosie Jones 3 & 1 to clinch, amid controversy 4 of 5 remaining matches are conceded for final score of 17½-10½

Elizabeth Warren

2011 Elizabeth Warren announces she intends to run for the Democratic nomination for the 2012 Massachusetts Senatorial election

• 2014 The United States defeats Serbia 129-92 to win the 2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup

Home-made Clock Assumed a Bomb

2015 14-year-old Texan Ahmed Mohamed is arrested at school when a homemade clock is assumed to be a bomb; Mark Zuckerberg and US President Barack Obama send supportive tweets

Selena Gomez Kidney Transplant

2017 Selena Gomez reveals she had a kidney transplant, because of lupus, donated by her friend Francia Rais

• 2018 Former Trump campaign chair Paul Manafort pleads guilty to conspiracy charges and agrees to co-operative with Government investigations
• 2018 Hurricane Florence makes landfall near Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, as a category 1 hurricane

Newson Defeats Recall Vote

2021 California Governor Gavin Newsom defeats a state vote to recall him from office

DeSantis Sends Planes of Immigrants

2022 Florida Governor Ron DeSantis send two planes of Venezuelan immigrants to Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, as a political ploy [1]

R. Kelly Convicted

2022 Musician R. Kelly found convicted of further sex crimes in Chicago, including producing child sexual abuse imagery [1]

Famous Birthdays

• 1721 Eliphalet Dyer, American statesman and judge, born in Windham, Connecticut (d. 1807)
• 1819 Henry Jackson Hunt, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Detroit, Michigan (d. 1889)
• 1835 Joseph Hayes, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in York County, Maine (d. 1912)
• 1838 John Pelham, U.S. Confederate artillery major, born in Alexandria, Alabama (d. 1863)
• 1840 George Elbridge Whiting, American composer, born in Holliston, Massachusetts (d. 1923)
• 1860 Hamlin Garland, American writer (Middle Border), born in West Salem, Wisconsin (d. 1940)
• 1867 Charles Dana Gibson, American illustrator (Gibson Girl), born in Roxbury, Massachusetts (d. 1944)
• 1869 Kid Nichols, American Baseball HOF pitcher (3 × NL wins leader; All-Time Saves Leader 1899–1906; Boston Beaneaters, St. Louis Cardinals, Philadelphia Phillies) and manager (St. Louis Cardinals 1904–05), born in Madison, Wisconsin (d. 1953)

Margaret Sanger (1879-1966)

American nurse , birth control proponent and feminist, born in Corning, New York

• 1880 Archie Hahn, American athlete (Olympic gold 60m, 100m, 200m 1904), born in Dodgeville, Wisconsin (d. 1955)
• 1887 Karl Taylor Compton, American physicist and 9th President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, born in Wooster, Ohio (d. 1954)
• 1887 Stanley Ketchel [The Michigan Assassin], Polish-American heavyweight boxing champion (1908-10), born in Grand Rapids, Michigan (d. 1910)
• 1900 Sidney Marion, American actor (Outlaws is Coming, Quicksand), born in Massachusetts (d. 1965)
• 1907 A. Cecil Snyder, American lawyer and Chief Justice of Puerto Rico, born in Baltimore, Maryland (d. 1959)
• 1907 Cecil Brown, American CBS war correspondent who worked closely with Edward R. Murrow during World War II, born in New Brighton, Pennsylvania (d. 1987)
• 1910 Lehman Engel, American conductor and composer (A Streetcar Named Desire), born in Jackson, Mississippi (d. 1982)
• 1914 Clayton Moore, American actor (The Lone Ranger), born in Chicago, Illinois (d. 1999)
• 1914 Robert McCloskey, American children's book writer and illustrator (Make Way For Ducklings), born in Hamilton, Ohio (d. 2003)
• 1914 Robert S. Dietz, American geophysicist who proposed a theory of seafloor spreading in 1961, born in Westfield, New Jersey (d. 1995)
• 1920 Bud Palmer, American basketball player (NY Knicks) and sportscaster, born in Hollywood, California (d. 2013)
• 1920 Lawrence Klein, American economist who created computer models to forecast economic trends (1980 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences), born in Omaha, Nebraska (d. 2013)
• 1921 Hughes Rudd, American news anchor (CBS Morning News), born in Waco, Texas (d. 1992)
• 1924 Jerry Coleman, American MLB 2nd baseman, born in San Jose, California (d. 2014)
• 1926 Richard Elsasser, American composer and organist, born in Cleveland, Ohio (d. 1972)
• 1927 Martin Caidin, American aviation writer, born in New York City (d. 1997)
• 1928 Albert Shanker, American labor leader (Amer Fed of Teachers), born in New York City (d. 1997)

John Gutfreund (1929-2016)

American investment banker , CEO of Salomon Brothers (King of Wall Street), born in New York City

• 1929 Larry Collins, American writer, born in West Hartford, Connecticut (d. 2005)
• 1929 Mel Hancock, American politician (Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Missouri), born in Cape Fair, Missouri (d. 2011)
• 1930 Allan Bloom, American philosopher and author (Closing of the American Mind), born in Indianapolis, Indiana (d. 1992)
• 1932 Joshua Culbreath, American 400m hurdler (Olympic bronze 1956), born in Norristown, Pennsylvania
• 1933 Harve Presnell, American actor (Unsinkable Molly Brown), born in Modesto, California (d. 2009)
• 1934 Kate Millett, American feminist and author (Sexual Politics), born in Saint Paul, Minnesota (d. 2017)
• 1936 Ferid Murad, American physician and pharmacologist (Nobel 1998), born in Whiting, Indiana
• 1936 Stan Williams, American baseball pitcher (MLB All-Star 1960²; World Series 1959, 1990 [coach: Cincinnati Reds]; NY Yankees, LA Dodgers), born in Enfield, New Hampshire (d. 2021)
• 1940 Larry Brown, American NBA player and coach (NY Knicks), born in Brooklyn, New York
• 1942 Oliver Lake, American jazz saxophonist, composer, painter, and poet, born in Marianna, Arkansas
• 1944 Joey Heatherton, American dancer and actress (Bluebeard), born in Rockville Center, New York
• 1946 Jim Angle, American journalist and television reporter, born in Fort Worth, Texas
• 1947 Bowzer [Jon Bauman], American rock singer (Sha Na Na, 1970-83), born in Queens, New York City
• 1948 Fred "Sonic" Smith, American guitarist (MC5 - "Kick Out the Jams"), born in West Virginia (d. 1994)
• 1949 Ed King, American psychedelic rock guitarist, bass player, and songwriter (Strawberry Alarm Clock, 1967-71 - "Incense and Peppermints"; Lynyrd Skynyrd, 1972-75 & 1987-96 - "Sweet Home Alabama"; "Saturday Night Special"), born in Glendale, California (d. 2018)
• 1949 Steve Gaines, American rock vocalist and guitarist (Lynyrd Skynyrd, 1976-77 - "You Got That Right"), born in Miami, Oklahoma (d. 1977)
• 1950 Michael Nifong, American attorney, born in Wilmington, North Carolina
• 1953 Tom Cora, American cellist and composer, born in Yancey Mills, Virginia (d. 1998)
• 1954 Barry Cowsill, American rock bassist (The Cowsills - "We Can Fly"), born in Newport, Rhode Island (d. 2005)
• 1955 Steve Berlin, American saxophonist, keyboardist and record producer (Los Lobos; Top Jimmy & the Rhythm Pigs), born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
• 1957 Tim Wallach, American MLB player (Montreal Expos 1980-1992), born in Huntington Park, California
• 1958 John Bennett Herrington, American astronaut and USN aviator, born in Wetumka, Oklahoma
• 1959 Mary Crosby, American actress (Kristin-Dallas, Ice Pirates), born in Los Angeles, California
• 1960 Anthony Addabbo, American actor (Jason-Generations), born in Coral Gables, Florida (d. 2016)
• 1960 Melissa Leo, American actress (All My Children), born in Manhattan, New York
• 1964 Faith Ford, American actress (Another World, Corky-Murphy Brown), born in Alexandria, Louisiana
• 1964 Kurt Gouveia, American NFL linebacker (Philadelphia Eagles), born in Honolulu, Hawaii
• 1966 Mike Cooley, American guitarist (Drive-By Truckers), born in Tuscumbia, Alabama
• 1968 Dan Cortese, American actor and TV host (Jess Hanson-Melrose Place), born in Sewickley, Pennsylvania
• 1968 Ginger Helgeson-Nielson, American tennis star, born in St. Cloud, Minnesota
• 1970 Craig Montoya, American bass player (Everclear), born in Spokane, Washington
• 1970 Robert Ben Garant, American screenwriter and actor (Reno 991!), born in Cookeville, Tennessee
• 1971 Jeff Loomis, American progressive metal guitarist (Nevermore), born in Appleton, Wisconsin
• 1971 Kimberly Williams, American actress (Father of the Bride), born in Rye, New York
• 1972 David Bell, American baseball infielder (St Louis Cardinals, Seattle Mariners, Philadelphia Phillies) and manager (Cincinnati Reds), born in Cincinnati, Ohio
• 1976 Jeremy Dunham, American video game designer, born in Portland, Oregon
• 1978 Danielle Peck, American country music singer ("Findin' a Good Man"), born in Jacksonville, North Carolina

Ron DeSantis (46th Birthday)

1978 American Republican politician, Governor of Florida (2019-), Representative (2013-18) and presidential candidate, born in Jacksonville, Florida

• 1979 Jesse Marunde, American Strongman athlete (d. 2007)
• 1981 Ashley Roberts, American singer (Pussycat Dolls - "Don't Cha"), born in Phoenix, Arizona
• 1983 Frostee Rucker, American NFL defensive end, born in Tustin, California
• 1984 Adam Lamberg, American actor (The Lizzie McGuire movie), born in New York City
• 1984 Melissa McGhee, American rock singer (American Idol, season 5), born in Tampa, Florida
• 1985 Delmon Young, American baseball player, born in Montgomery, Alabama
• 1985 Paolo Gregoletto, American heavy metal bassist (Trivium), born in Miami, Florida
• 1986 A.J. Trauth, American actor (Even Stevens), born in Chicago, Illinois
• 1988 Kirsten Haglund, American activist and beauty queen (Miss America 2008), born in Farmington Hills, Michigan
• 1989 Jesse James, American actor (The Amityville Horror), born in Palm Springs, California
• 1989 Tony Finau, American golfer (Ryder Cup 2018; British Open 2019 3rd), born in Salt Lake City, Utah

Famous Weddings

Ralph waldo emerson.

1835 American leading transcendentalist Ralph Waldo Emerson (33) marries 2nd wife Lydia (Lidian) Jackson in Plymouth, Massachusetts.

Frederick Douglass

1838 Newly escaped slave Frederick Douglass marries free woman Anne Murray in New York

Amadeo Giannini

1892 American banker Amadeo Giannini (22) marries Clorinda Cuneo

Jerry Stiller

1954 Comedians Jerry Stiller and Anne Meara marry

Stevie Wonder

1970 American singer-songwriter Stevie Wonder (20) marries American singer-songwriter Syreeta "Rita" Wright (24); divorce in 1972

Quincy Jones Jr & Peggy Lipton

1974 American composer-arranger-producer Quincy Jones Jr (41) weds American "Mod Squad" actress Peggy Lipton (28) in Los Angeles, California; divorce in 1990

Gene Wilder

1984 Stage and screen actor Gene Wilder (51) weds "Saturday Night Live" actress-comedian Gilda Radner (38) in France

Gwen Stefani

2002 American "No Doubt" singer Gwen Stefani (42) weds British "Bush" singer and guitarist Gavin Rossdale (46) at St. Paul's Church in London, England; divorce in 2016

George Takei

2008 Actor George Takei (68) weds Brad Altman at the Japanese American National Museum in Los Angeles

John Legend & Chrissy Teigen

2013 American singer-songwriter John Legend (34) weds model Chrissy Teigen (27) at Villa Pizzo in Lake Como, Italy

LeBron James

2013 NBA player LeBron James (28) weds longtime girlfriend Savannah Brinson at the Capella Chapel in San Diego, California

Famous Divorces

Janet leigh & tony curtis.

1962 American actress Janet Leigh (35) divorces American actor Tony Curtis (37) after 10 years of marriage

John Carpenter

1984 Film director John Carpenter (36) and actress Adrienne Barbeau (39) divorce after 5 years of marriage

2023 Rapper Jeezy files for divorce from TV personality Jeannie Mai Jenkins after two years of marriage [1]

Famous Deaths

• 1788 John Penn, American attorney (signed US Declaration of Independence), dies at 47

Aaron Burr (1756-1836)

3rd US Vice President (D-R: 1801-05) who killed Alexander Hamilton in a pistol duel, dies at 80

• 1844 Oliver Holden, American composer, dies at 78

James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851)

1st major American novelist (The Last of the Mohicans), dies of dropsy at 61

• 1862 Samuel Garland Jr, American Brigadier General (Confederate Army), dies in battle at 31
• 1898 William Seward Burroughs, American inventor of the adding machine, dies at 43
• 1899 Henry Bliss, American real estate agent, dies when struck by a taxicab in NYC at 69

William McKinley (1843-1901)

25th US President (Republican: 1897-1901), dies in Buffalo at 58, after being shot 8 days earlier by anarchist Leon Czolgosz

• 1916 Josiah Royce, American philosopher (Conception of Immortality), dies at 60

Isadora Duncan (1877-1927)

American free form/interpretative dancer , dies at 50 due to her scarf becoming entangled in her car's wheel

• 1936 Irving Thalberg, American film producer (MGM), dies of pneumonia at 37
• 1936 Ossip Gabrilovich Russian-American pianist, conductor (Detroit Symphony, 1918-36), and composer, dies of stomach cancer at 58
• 1942 E.S. Gosney, American eugenicist (b. 1855)
• 1959 Wayne Morris, American actor and decorated WWII pilot (Paths of Glory, The Bushwackers), dies from a heart attack at 45
• 1964 Mary Howe, American composer and pianist (Sand), dies at 82
• 1966 Gertrude Berg, American actress (Molly Goldberg-Goldbergs), dies at 66
• 1966 Hiram Wesley Evans, American member of the Ku Klux Klan, dies at 84
• 1969 James Anderson, American actor (To Kill a Mockingbird), dies of a heart attack at 48
• 1974 Vera Vague [Barbara Jo Allen], American actress (Sleeping Beauty, Follow the Leader), dies at 66
• 1974 Warren Hull, American actor (Strike it Rich, Who in the World), dies from heart failure at 71
• 1975 Walter Herbert [Seligmann], German-American conductor, impresario (Houston Grand Opera, 1955- 72; San Diego Opera, 1965-77), and world champion bridge player, dies at 77
• 1981 (Walter) "Furry" Lewis, American country blues guitarist and songwriter, dies of a heart attack at 88 (or 82) [year of birth disputed]

Grace Kelly (1929-1982)

American actress (Rear Window) and Princess of Monaco, dies in a car crash at 52

• 1982 John Gardner, American writer (Life & Times of Chaucer High), dies in a motorcycle accident at 49

Janet Gaynor (1906-1984)

American actress (Sunrise), dies from a traffic accident at 77

• 1991 Julie Bovasso, American actress (Willie & Phil, Just Me & You), dies of cancer at 61
• 1991 Russell Lynes, American art historian and magazine editor (b. 1910)
• 1992 Theodore S. Weiss, American politician (Rep-D-NY, 1977-92), dies at 64
• 1995 Eiji Okada, Japanese actor (Hiroshima mon amour, The Ugly American), dies of heart failure at 75
• 1995 Maurice K. Goddard, American state government official (b. 1912)
• 1998 (Laten) Johnny Adams, American blues, jazz and gospel singer (Reconsider Me), dies of prostate cancer at 66
• 2000 Beah Richards, American actress, poet, playwright and author (Roots, Guess Who's Coming to Dinner), dies at 80
• 2002 Jim Barnes, American basketball center (Olympic gold 1964; #1 NBA draft pick 1964; NBA C'ship 1969 Boston Celtics), dies of a stroke at 61
• 2002 LaWanda Page [Alberta Peal], American actress (Sanford & Son - "Aunt Esther"), dies of complications from diabetes at 81
• 2003 John Serry, Sr., American classical, jazz, and bolero accordionist, arranger, composer, organist, and educator, dies at 88
• 2005 Mike Elliott, American jazz and session guitarist, and audio engineer, dies at 65
• 2005 Robert Wise, American Academy Award-winning film director (The Day the Earth Stood Still; West Side Story; The Sound Of Music), dies of heat failure at 91
• 2005 William Berenberg, American physician (b. 1915)
• 2006 Miklós "Mickey" Hargitay, Hungarian-American actor, bodybuilder and the 1955 Mr. Universe, dies from multiple myeloma at 80
• 2009 Henry Gibson, American actor and comedian (Nashville, Laugh-In's poet), dies at 73
• 2009 Jody Powell, American press secretary to Jimmy Carter, dies of a heart attack at 65

Patrick Swayze (1952-2009)

American actor (Ghost), dancer (Dirty Dancing), and songwriter, dies of pancreatic cancer at 57

• 2012 Louis Simpson, Jamaican-American poet (Good News of Death), dies from Alzheimer's disease at 89
• 2013 Rock Casares, American football player, dies at 82
• 2015 Fred DeLuca, American co-founder of the Subway chain, dies of cancer at 65
• 2019 John Ralston, American College Football Hall of Fame linebacker, coach and executive (Cal, Stanford, Denver Broncos), dies at 92
• 2022 Bill Pearl, American bodybuilder (5 x Mr. Universe), dies from Parkinson's disease at 91
• 2022 Henry Silva, American character actor (Ocean's 11; The Manchurian Candidate; Sharky's Machine), dies at 95
• 2023 Michael McGrath, American Tony Award-winning stage actor and singer (Spamalot; Nice Work If You Can Get It), dies at 65

Famous Americans

• Film & TV

Search the largest and most accurate independent site for today in history.

Italicized links open a new window to an external site

#1 - people

For this assignment, you will need to visit the Scope Systems Any Day in History web site at http://www.scopesys.com/anyday/ . From there, call up the events for your birth date (month and day). Once the page listing your birthday events is on the screen, print it. Save the entire printout in your binder for use when needed.

Prepare the following on separate sheets of paper. Head each paper using our standard format. Proofread your work for legibility; punctuation; capitalization; spelling; and, in the case of part 3, conciseness and complete sentences. Number your answers.

• What is your birth date? (month, day and year)
• How many people on the web page you printed share your birthday?
• Of them, for how many do you know information beyond that on the printout?
• Using the definition of influential we discussed in class today, list the names of those you would consider influential. Circle the one you believe to be the most influential.
• Using the definition of celebrity we discussed in class today, list the names of those you believe to be celebrities.
• Identify a source of information for the person you chose as being most influential. If you are unable to find a source for this person, choose another influential person from the list for whom you can find a source.
• Write out the name of the influential person for whom you’ve found a source.
• Write out a properly formatted citation for this source.

Use the source selected in part 2 to prepare written answers to the following. Make a copy of your answers for your own use in class.

• What is the name of the influential person for whom you looked up information?
• In what year was s/he born?
• Where was s/he born? (city or town, and country)
• If dead, where and when did s/he die?
• Describe the achievement for which your subject is most well known.
• Explain how you think life today might be different had this person never lived.

view Assignment #2

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return to the Today In History page

return to the Worth A Daily Look page

return to the Resources Galore! page

copyright © 1998-2004 classroomtools.com . All Rights Reserved . original web posting: Saturday, July 28, 2001 last modified: Sunday, January 25, 2004

How to write an introduction for a history essay

Every essay needs to begin with an introductory paragraph. It needs to be the first paragraph the marker reads.

While your introduction paragraph might be the first of the paragraphs you write, this is not the only way to do it.

You can choose to write your introduction after you have written the rest of your essay.

This way, you will know what you have argued, and this might make writing the introduction easier.

Either approach is fine. If you do write your introduction first, ensure that you go back and refine it once you have completed your essay. 

What is an ‘introduction paragraph’?

An introductory paragraph is a single paragraph at the start of your essay that prepares your reader for the argument you are going to make in your body paragraphs .

It should provide all of the necessary historical information about your topic and clearly state your argument so that by the end of the paragraph, the marker knows how you are going to structure the rest of your essay.

In general, you should never use quotes from sources in your introduction.

Introduction paragraph structure

While your introduction paragraph does not have to be as long as your body paragraphs , it does have a specific purpose, which you must fulfil.

A well-written introduction paragraph has the following four-part structure (summarised by the acronym BHES).

B – Background sentences

H – Hypothesis

E – Elaboration sentences

S - Signpost sentence

Each of these elements are explained in further detail, with examples, below:

1. Background sentences

The first two or three sentences of your introduction should provide a general introduction to the historical topic which your essay is about.

This is done so that when you state your hypothesis , your reader understands the specific point you are arguing about.

Background sentences explain the important historical period, dates, people, places, events and concepts that will be mentioned later in your essay.

This information should be drawn from your background research . 

Example background sentences:

Middle Ages (Year 8 Level)

Castles were an important component of Medieval Britain from the time of the Norman conquest in 1066 until they were phased out in the 15 th and 16 th centuries. Initially introduced as wooden motte and bailey structures on geographical strongpoints, they were rapidly replaced by stone fortresses which incorporated sophisticated defensive designs to improve the defenders’ chances of surviving prolonged sieges.

WWI (Year 9 Level)

The First World War began in 1914 following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The subsequent declarations of war from most of Europe drew other countries into the conflict, including Australia. The Australian Imperial Force joined the war as part of Britain’s armed forces and were dispatched to locations in the Middle East and Western Europe.

Civil Rights (Year 10 Level)

The 1967 Referendum sought to amend the Australian Constitution in order to change the legal standing of the indigenous people in Australia. The fact that 90% of Australians voted in favour of the proposed amendments has been attributed to a series of significant events and people who were dedicated to the referendum’s success.

Ancient Rome (Year 11/12 Level)  

In the late second century BC, the Roman novus homo Gaius Marius became one of the most influential men in the Roman Republic. Marius gained this authority through his victory in the Jugurthine War, with his defeat of Jugurtha in 106 BC, and his triumph over the invading Germanic tribes in 101 BC, when he crushed the Teutones at the Battle of Aquae Sextiae (102 BC) and the Cimbri at the Battle of Vercellae (101 BC). Marius also gained great fame through his election to the consulship seven times.

2. Hypothesis

Once you have provided historical context for your essay in your background sentences, you need to state your hypothesis .

A hypothesis is a single sentence that clearly states the argument that your essay will be proving in your body paragraphs .

A good hypothesis contains both the argument and the reasons in support of your argument. 

Example hypotheses:

Medieval castles were designed with features that nullified the superior numbers of besieging armies but were ultimately made obsolete by the development of gunpowder artillery.

Australian soldiers’ opinion of the First World War changed from naïve enthusiasm to pessimistic realism as a result of the harsh realities of modern industrial warfare.

The success of the 1967 Referendum was a direct result of the efforts of First Nations leaders such as Charles Perkins, Faith Bandler and the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders.

Gaius Marius was the most one of the most significant personalities in the 1 st century BC due to his effect on the political, military and social structures of the Roman state.

3. Elaboration sentences

Once you have stated your argument in your hypothesis , you need to provide particular information about how you’re going to prove your argument.

Your elaboration sentences should be one or two sentences that provide specific details about how you’re going to cover the argument in your three body paragraphs.

You might also briefly summarise two or three of your main points.

Finally, explain any important key words, phrases or concepts that you’ve used in your hypothesis, you’ll need to do this in your elaboration sentences.

Example elaboration sentences:

By the height of the Middle Ages, feudal lords were investing significant sums of money by incorporating concentric walls and guard towers to maximise their defensive potential. These developments were so successful that many medieval armies avoided sieges in the late period.

Following Britain's official declaration of war on Germany, young Australian men voluntarily enlisted into the army, which was further encouraged by government propaganda about the moral justifications for the conflict. However, following the initial engagements on the Gallipoli peninsula, enthusiasm declined.

The political activity of key indigenous figures and the formation of activism organisations focused on indigenous resulted in a wider spread of messages to the general Australian public. The generation of powerful images and speeches has been frequently cited by modern historians as crucial to the referendum results.

While Marius is best known for his military reforms, it is the subsequent impacts of this reform on the way other Romans approached the attainment of magistracies and how public expectations of military leaders changed that had the longest impacts on the late republican period.

4. Signpost sentence

The final sentence of your introduction should prepare the reader for the topic of your first body paragraph.

The main purpose of this sentence is to provide cohesion between your introductory paragraph and you first body paragraph .

Therefore, a signpost sentence indicates where you will begin proving the argument that you set out in your hypothesis and usually states the importance of the first point that you’re about to make. 

Example signpost sentences:

The early development of castles is best understood when examining their military purpose.

The naïve attitudes of those who volunteered in 1914 can be clearly seen in the personal letters and diaries that they themselves wrote.

The significance of these people is evident when examining the lack of political representation the indigenous people experience in the early half of the 20 th century.

The origin of Marius’ later achievements was his military reform in 107 BC, which occurred when he was first elected as consul.

Putting it all together

Once you have written all four parts of the BHES structure, you should have a completed introduction paragraph.

In the examples above, we have shown each part separately. Below you will see the completed paragraphs so that you can appreciate what an introduction should look like.

Example introduction paragraphs: 

Castles were an important component of Medieval Britain from the time of the Norman conquest in 1066 until they were phased out in the 15th and 16th centuries. Initially introduced as wooden motte and bailey structures on geographical strongpoints, they were rapidly replaced by stone fortresses which incorporated sophisticated defensive designs to improve the defenders’ chances of surviving prolonged sieges. Medieval castles were designed with features that nullified the superior numbers of besieging armies, but were ultimately made obsolete by the development of gunpowder artillery. By the height of the Middle Ages, feudal lords were investing significant sums of money by incorporating concentric walls and guard towers to maximise their defensive potential. These developments were so successful that many medieval armies avoided sieges in the late period. The early development of castles is best understood when examining their military purpose.

The First World War began in 1914 following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The subsequent declarations of war from most of Europe drew other countries into the conflict, including Australia. The Australian Imperial Force joined the war as part of Britain’s armed forces and were dispatched to locations in the Middle East and Western Europe. Australian soldiers’ opinion of the First World War changed from naïve enthusiasm to pessimistic realism as a result of the harsh realities of modern industrial warfare. Following Britain's official declaration of war on Germany, young Australian men voluntarily enlisted into the army, which was further encouraged by government propaganda about the moral justifications for the conflict. However, following the initial engagements on the Gallipoli peninsula, enthusiasm declined. The naïve attitudes of those who volunteered in 1914 can be clearly seen in the personal letters and diaries that they themselves wrote.

The 1967 Referendum sought to amend the Australian Constitution in order to change the legal standing of the indigenous people in Australia. The fact that 90% of Australians voted in favour of the proposed amendments has been attributed to a series of significant events and people who were dedicated to the referendum’s success. The success of the 1967 Referendum was a direct result of the efforts of First Nations leaders such as Charles Perkins, Faith Bandler and the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders. The political activity of key indigenous figures and the formation of activism organisations focused on indigenous resulted in a wider spread of messages to the general Australian public. The generation of powerful images and speeches has been frequently cited by modern historians as crucial to the referendum results. The significance of these people is evident when examining the lack of political representation the indigenous people experience in the early half of the 20th century.

In the late second century BC, the Roman novus homo Gaius Marius became one of the most influential men in the Roman Republic. Marius gained this authority through his victory in the Jugurthine War, with his defeat of Jugurtha in 106 BC, and his triumph over the invading Germanic tribes in 101 BC, when he crushed the Teutones at the Battle of Aquae Sextiae (102 BC) and the Cimbri at the Battle of Vercellae (101 BC). Marius also gained great fame through his election to the consulship seven times. Gaius Marius was the most one of the most significant personalities in the 1st century BC due to his effect on the political, military and social structures of the Roman state. While Marius is best known for his military reforms, it is the subsequent impacts of this reform on the way other Romans approached the attainment of magistracies and how public expectations of military leaders changed that had the longest impacts on the late republican period. The origin of Marius’ later achievements was his military reform in 107 BC, which occurred when he was first elected as consul.

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Boston Red Sox Slugger Tyler O’Neill Moves Up Historic Lists With Walk-Off Home Run

Sam connon | sep 12, 2024.

• Boston Red Sox
• Baltimore Orioles

The Boston Red Sox have been fighting for their playoff lives for weeks, and Tyler O'Neill just won't let them die.

Deep into a back-and-forth battle with the Baltimore Orioles, the Red Sox suddenly found themslves down 3-2 in the 10th inning. Superstar third baseman Rafael Devers didn't get the bottom of the frame off the best start when he struck out swinging, and Romy Gonzalez's grounder to second continued to tank Boston's hopes.

Jackson Holliday made an error, though, letting Gonzalez reach safely. That brought O'Neill up to the plate with two men on, and he ended the game then and there.

The power-hitting outfielder turned on a low and inside slider, crushing it 393 feet to left for a walk-off, three-run home run. The 5-3 victory moved the Red Sox to 74-72 on the season, keeping them within 4.0 games of the final AL Wild Card spot.

Tyler O'Neill sends a #walkoff HR way over the Monster! pic.twitter.com/nRtMZdBOo1 — MLB (@MLB) September 12, 2024

O'Neill is up to 30 home runs through 101 games with the Red Sox. According to TSN's StatsCentre , that makes him the fourth-fastest player in franchise history to reach 30 homers.

Manny Ramirez owns the record, doing so in 94 games, while JD Martinez did it in 96 and Jimmie Foxx made it there in 100.

Fewest games for a player to record their first 30 home runs as a member of the @RedSox franchise: 94- Manny Ramirez 96- J.D. Martinez 100- Jimmie Foxx 101- Tyler O'Neill (Via a 3-run walkoff shot in Wednesday's win over BAL) 108- Carl Everett 114- Dick Stuart 117- Ken Harrelson pic.twitter.com/shi6ZtwSN9 — StatsCentre (@StatsCentre) September 12, 2024

Red Sox director of media relations JP Long added that O'Neill's 30 bombs are tied for the third-most through 101 games with the club. Manny and JD Martinez had 32 to this point in 2001 and 2018, respectively, while Foxx had 30 at the same point in 1936.

On top of that, O'Neill is now the sixth Canadian-born MLB player with multiple 30-home runs seasons in his career.

Most home runs in first 101 games with the Red Sox: 32 – J.D. Martinez 32 – Manny Ramírez 30 – Jimmie Foxx 30 – TYLER O’NEILL — J.P. Long (@SoxNotes) September 12, 2024

O'Neill is batting .258 with 30 home runs, 59 RBI, an .895 OPS and a 2.8 WAR in 2024, his first season since getting traded away by the St. Louis Cardinals. The only players with fewer at-bats per home run this year, minimum 20 home runs, are leading MVP candidates Aaron Judge and Shohei Ohtani.

Once their playoff push is over, the Red Sox will have to make a decision on whether or not to bring O'Neill back for more in 2025. He is set to become a free agent at year's end, so the length of his tenure in Boston could depend on whether or not he powers them all the way to the postseason.

The 29-year-old is set to anchor the Red Sox's lineup this weekend in a critical series with the New York Yankees. Game one is scheduled to get underway at 7:15 p.m. ET on Thursday.

Follow Fastball On SI on social media

Continue to follow our Fastball On SI coverage on social media by liking us on  Facebook  and by following us on Twitter  @FastballFN .

You can also follow Sam Connon on Twitter  @SamConnon .

Sam Connon is a Staff Writer for Fastball on the Sports Illustrated/FanNation networks. He previously covered UCLA Athletics for Sports Illustrated/FanNation's All Bruins, 247Sports' Bruin Report Online, Rivals' Bruin Blitz, the Bleav Podcast Network and the Daily Bruin, with his work as a sports columnist receiving awards from the College Media Association and Society of Professional Journalists. Connon also wrote for Sports Illustrated/FanNation's New England Patriots site, Patriots Country, and he was on the Patriots and Boston Red Sox beats at Prime Time Sports Talk.

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History help

We Provide 24/7 History Assignment Help For Students

If you need a professionally written history essay , then look no further! Our team of expert history writers are standing by to help you with your writing needs. Just pick your history essay writer , send your essay topic and we’ll get started right away!

What is History?

History contains a record of past events, including political, economic, social, and cultural events.

There are a number of reasons why learning history might be hard for students. History can be complex, and it can be difficult to keep track of all the information. Additionally, many students may find it difficult to relate to historical events or figures.

Why do we need to learn history?

We need to learn history to understand the present and prepare for the future.

We need to learn history to understand how the world works and how we can make it a better place.

5 Reasons to learn History

• 1. To understand the present
• 2. To prepare for the future
• 3. To develop critical thinking skills
• 4. To learn to communicate effectively
• 5. To appreciate the diversity of human experience

What are the assignments on history?

Assignments in history can vary depending on the instructor and the level of the course. However, they may include writing papers, giving presentations, and taking exams.

Types of history assignments help

• Writing papers
• Giving presentations
• Taking exams

Types of history papers we can help you with:

1. Analytical papers 2. Research papers 3. Argumentative papers 4. Comparative papers 5. History papers on specific topics

Areas of history we can help you with

• Political history
• Economic history
• Social history
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