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Gr. 10 Geography: Attitudes towards migrants and refugees T3 W5

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Understanding public attitudes towards refugees and migrants.

Working paper

Written by Helen Dempster, Karen Hargrave

Understanding public attitudes towards refugees and migrants within their host communities is an increasingly important task. This working paper is intended as a primer – outlining current global polling data on public attitudes, and analysing what the literature has to say about the drivers influencing these attitudes.

This large evidence base has a number of implications for those working on refugee and migration issues:

• Engaging effectively with public attitudes towards refugees and migrants requires understanding the real world concerns, emotions and values around which attitudes are formed.
• These efforts work best when clearly rooted in national and local contexts, and the nuances of public attitudes within them.
• Traditional approaches to public engagement, such as ‘myth-busting’, may have exacerbated negativity and are unlikely to resonate beyond those who are already supportive. While evidence remains important in influencing policy debates, strategies must acknowledge its limitations as a persuasive tool.
• Emotive and value-driven arguments may have more traction than facts and evidence. Successful strategies might highlight the manageability of the situation, while emphasising shared values.

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Attitudes towards migrant workers in South Africa: A critical discourse analysis

Journal of Local Government Research and Innovation

Background: The influx of migrants from neighbouring countries has contributed to diversity in South Africa. This has caused on-going clashes between local residents and migrants. This article explores the role of discourse towards enabling a cohesive society. There has been much focus on migrants working in South Africa over the 2020 December festive season as many faced challenges in travelling to their respective countries because of the COVID-19 pandemic. This limelight exposed the underlying discrimination towards migrants in South Africa remain regardless of the South African progressive Constitution that values and respects individuals as well as protecting them from discrimination.Aim: This article adopts threat theory and uses critical discourse analysis to highlight the existing and continued discrimination towards migrant workers. The article exposes the causes of social inequalities, which can assist the government in decision-making towards reducing the inequality gap i...

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Changes in Public Attitudes and Behaviour Towards International Migrants in South Africa During the COVID-19 Pandemic

• First Online: 01 March 2023

Cite this chapter

• Steven L. Gordon 2 , 3  

Part of the book series: Sustainable Development Goals Series ((SDGS))

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South Africa has experienced successive outbreaks of anti-immigrant violence in the last few decades, a phenomenon that seems to disproportionately impact informal migrant workers. Informal migrant workers are also perceived to be an economic threat to citizens. The existing research on pathogen stress would suggest that the shock of the current COVID-19 crisis could have led to a surge in xenophobia, exacerbating intergroup tension. Given the place of xenophobia in the current national discourse, there is increasing interest from academic researchers, development practitioners and international organisations in public attitudes towards migrants in South Africa. Using innovative public opinion data, this chapter explores mass views towards migrants living in South Africa, reflecting on how the pandemic changed the way ordinary people think about non-nationals. The chapter ends by offering an assessment of how mass views on immigration changed during the pandemic and puts forward recommendations on how to reduce xenophobia in the country.

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Data availability.

The data used in the current study is both publicly available and non-curated. The publicly available data is available from the Human Sciences Research Council:  http://curation.hsrc.ac.za/Datasets-TAAMAA.phtml . Institutional access and permission to use the non-curated data was granted by the Human Sciences Research Council upon request.

All SASAS surveys are designed to yield a representative sample of persons residing in each of South Africa’s nine provinces, regardless of their nationality or citizenship. The SASAS sample is restricted to adults (16 years and older) living in private homes. Most SASAS rounds are completed between the months of October and December. In the first sampling stage, a set of 500 small area layers (SALs) was drawn. In each SAL, seven dwelling units (i.e. non-vacant residences) were randomly selected. In each round more than a hundred fieldworkers visited 3500 dwelling units.

There are, of course, other contributing factors that may explain widespread support for vigilante actions amongst the South African populace. The apartheid state, for example, utilised different forms of non-state policing to maintain control, popularising this kind of violence. Smith ( 2019 ) provides an assessment of the competing explanations with a focus on structural factors in poor and working-class communities.

Following anti-immigrant riots in Johannesburg during September 2019, for example, then ANC Secretary-General Ace Magashule told the press that the violence could be the work of “imperialist and colonial forces with a motive to isolate South Africans from the rest of the African continent” (Stone & Khumalo, 2019 ).

Reviewing legal judgments regarding migrant detentions, Alfaro-Velcamp and Shaw ( 2016 ) argue that SAPS routinely violates the rights of non-nationals. The post-apartheid SAPS tradition of ‘over-policing’ international migrants can be traced back to the 1990s. Human Rights Watch ( 1998 ) raised serious concerns about the treatment of non-nationals by law enforcement during that period.

SAPS has a poor record of arresting and convicting perpetrators of anti-immigrant violence. Consider, for instance, perpetrators of the May 2008 riots. A South African Human Rights Commission ( 2010 ) investigation into the riots noted the limited ability of the judiciary to arrest and convict of perpetrators of anti-immigrant hate crime. Indeed, the commission’s report noted that the system provided a significant level of impunity for perpetrators of anti-immigrant violence.

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Gordon, S.L. (2023). Changes in Public Attitudes and Behaviour Towards International Migrants in South Africa During the COVID-19 Pandemic. In: Maharaj, P. (eds) Migrant Traders in South Africa. Sustainable Development Goals Series. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21151-5_9

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