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Balloon Rocket Science Experiment – A Balloon that Flies like a Rocket
3-2-1 Blast Off! This simple and fun science experiment teaches children about Action and Reaction. Using everyday household items, children learn how the force of air moving in one direction can propel balloon in the opposite direction, much like a rocket!
Below you’ll find a supplies list of everything you need, printable instructions, and the scientific explanation of how it demonstrates Newton’s Third Law of Motion in a fun, hands-on way. It’s so much fun, your kids will want to do it over and over with balloons of different shapes and sizes.
JUMP TO: Instructions | Video Tutorial | How it Works | Lab Kit
Supplies Needed
- Drink Straw
- Two objects of the same height that you can tie a string to. We used two chairs
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Balloon Rocket Science Experiment Instructions
Wondering how to create a balloon rocket? It’s easy! Simply follow these step by step instructions.
Step 1 – Position two objects of the same height (We used chairs) about 10 feet apart. Then grab your string and securely tie one end to one of the objects.
Step 2 – Next, get your plastic drinking straw. If you are using a “bendy” straws with the flexible piece on one end, cut off the flexible part so you are left with a straight straw.
Thread the string through the straw and place two pieces of tape near the middle of the straw. P osition the two pieces of tape near the middle of the straw is important because if you place them near the ends of the straw, the straw will bend when the balloon deflates and the rocket won’t move as quickly.
Step 3 – Then tie the loose end of the string to your second object (We used a second chair across the room) and make sure the string is tight. If the string isn’t tight, move the objects farther apart until it is.
Step 4 – Blow up the balloon and hold the end so the air can’t escape and use the two pieces of tape to secure the balloon to the straw.
Take a moment to make observations. What do you think will happen when the you let go of the end of the balloon? Write down your hypothesis (prediction) and then continue the experiment to test it out and to find out if you were correct.
Then move the straw and balloon to one end of the string. And once you are ready….
Step 5 – Let go of the balloon and watch what happens! Do you know what caused the balloon to rocket across the room? Find out the answer in the how does this experiment work section below. Then inflate the balloon again and repeat again and again.
Balloon Rocket Science Experiment Video Tutorial
How Does the Science Experiment Work?
The balloon flies across the string because of air and thrust. Thrust can be explained by Newton’s Third Law of Motion . Newton’s third law states that for every action there is an equal but opposite reaction. As the air is released out of the balloon in one direction, the force propels the balloon in the other direction. This equal but opposite force causes the balloon to fly across the string like a rocket!
I hope you enjoyed the experiment. Here are some printable instructions:
Balloon Rocket Science Experiment
- Two objects of the same height that you can tie a string to. I used chairs.
Instructions
- Position two objects of the same height (I’m using chairs) about 10 feet apart and grab a piece of string.
- Tie one end of the string to one of the objects. Make sure it is securely fashioned.
- Next, get a straight plastic drinking straw. If the straw is one of the “bendy” straws with the flexible piece, cut off the flexible part so you are left with a straight straw.
- Place two pieces of tape on the straw. Note: Be sure to position the two pieces of tape near the middle of the straw. If you put them near the ends of the straw it will bend when you blow up the balloon and the rocket won’t move as quickly.
- Thread the string through the straw
- Tie the loose end of string to the back of your second object (I’m using another chair) and make sure the string is tight. If the string isn’t tight, move the objects farther apart until it is.
- Blow up the balloon and hold the end so the air can’t escape and use the two pieces of tape to secure the balloon to the straw.
- Move the straw and balloon to one end of the string. And once you are ready…..
- Let go of the balloon and watch as it rockets across the string! Then inflate the balloon again and repeat again and again.
Reader Interactions
March 30, 2016 at 11:05 pm
you balloon rocket is so cool!
– Misk Algaysi
May 10, 2017 at 6:20 pm
The balloon wind is pushing against the regular wind which makes it fly and the rope is inside the straw which also makes it go faster.
October 28, 2018 at 10:27 pm
Cool experiment. The balloon flew like a rocket!
June 8, 2023 at 7:55 am
This is a really cool experiment! I am going to try this for my science experiment.
— Matthew Jensen
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more in Experiments
Make a balloon rocket, you will need.
- 1 balloon (round ones will work, but the longer “airship” balloons work best)
- 1 long piece of kite string (about 10-15 feet long)
- 1 plastic straw
- Tie one end of the string to a chair, door knob, or other support.
- Put the other end of the string through the straw.
- Pull the string tight and tie it to another support in the room.
- Blow up the balloon (but don’t tie it.) Pinch the end of the balloon and tape the balloon to the straw as shown above. You’re ready for launch.
- Let go and watch the rocket fly!
How does it work?
So how does it work? It’s all about the air…and thrust. As the air rushes out of the balloon, it creates a forward motion called THRUST. Thrust is a pushing force created by energy. In the balloon experiment, our thrust comes from the energy of the balloon forcing the air out. Different sizes and shapes of balloon will create more or less thrust. In a real rocket, thrust is created by the force of burning rocket fuel as it blasts from the rockets engine – as the engines blast down, the rocket goes up!
MAKE IT AN EXPERIMENT
The project above is a DEMONSTRATION. To make it a true experiment, you can try to answer these questions:
1. Does the shape of the balloon affect how far (or fast) the rocket travels? 2. Does the length of the straw affect how far (or fast) the rocket travels? 3. Does the type of string affect how far (or fast) the rocket travels? (try fishing line, nylon string, cotton string, etc.) 4. Does the angle of the string affect how far (or fast) the rocket travels?
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Hands On As We Grow®
Hands on kids activities for hands on moms. Focusing on kids activities perfect for toddlers and preschoolers.
Balloon Rocket Race a Super Simple Science Experiment
Move & Learn Science Toddlers Grade School Kindergartners Preschoolers Balloons Experiment Outdoor Straws 9 Comments
Have a blast with your little astronauts and embark on an exciting balloon rocket adventure!
It’s an exhilarating combination of fun, science, and a little friendly competition. With just a few simple materials, you can launch your way into a world of learning and excitement.
This is a super simple science experiment with vertical balloon straw rockets for kids.
Teach kids about Newton’s third law of motion or simply have some fun!
My kids just love balloons .
Recently we started showing my son how balloons fly crazy when you don’t tie them off and just let them go.
I was watching TVO Kids with them the other day. I love watching Bitz and Bob because they always have some kind of science experiment to do with your kids at the end.
On this particular episode they did balloons on a string.
This instantly reminded me of a balloon rocket science experiment from when I was a kid!
I grabbed the supplies and took my kids outside to give it a try a few days later since it was raining that day.
At first we just made our balloon rockets with string, straws, yarn and packing tape. Since that’s what I had on hand.
Later we turned them into real rockets by adding fins with little pieces of paper.
I also realized that thinner tape strips work much better. So we switched to using thin painters tape!
Also recommend packing tape as it adheres strong enough to stay on but not strong enough to pop the balloon.
For This Balloon Straw Rocket Science Experiment You Will Need:
- long piece of string or yarn
- painters tape
- two clothespins (optional)
- paper (optional)
Setting up Your Balloon Rockets Science Experiment
Find a location for your balloon rocket course.
First thing you need to do is decide where you are setting up the experiment course.
We did our balloon rocket race between two trees.
But this can be done indoors also between a chair and a doorknob or between two chairs.
Turn Straws Into Rockets (Optional)
Next, cut a piece of string or yarn long enough to go from one end of the course to the other and back again.
Or two pieces long enough to go from one end to the other and be tied at each end. (But don’t tie them yet!)
Next you need to get the straws prepared.
If you are choosing to decorate your balloon rockets then here is what we did. Older kids can do this part on their own!
Cut 3 triangles to use as the fins on the back of the balloon rocket. You want to have one of the corners a 90 degree angle (approximately).
Tip: we made this easy by taking a square and cutting the corners off diagonally.
Next you want to tape 3 of these onto one end of a each straw to make it look like a rocket.
I taped on both sides of each triangle to make sure they would stick out and not just fall flat onto the surface of the straws.
If your kids love science and balloons as much as mine then they will love this Blowing Up a Balloon Experiment !
Setting up Your Balloon Rockets Course
Now it’s time to tie up the balloon rocket course.
Attach the string(s) to your finish line or ending point.
Thread the straws onto the other two ends of the string(s) that are not tied on yet.
Tip: If you made them look like rockets then make sure to have them both point towards the tied end.
Once the straws are on you are free to tie the other ends to your starting points.
Tips: Make sure there is enough room between the starting points for the balloon rockets to not be touching once they are blown up and taped on. Also make sure the string(s) is tight enough that they are straight and not droopy.
Note: If you have more than two children planning to participate you can always make more course lines by adding another string to the ending point and tying the other end to a 3rd or 4th starting point with more straws and balloons!
Now Tape Your Balloons to the Rocket Course
Your final step in preparations will be attaching the balloons to each straw!
First thing to do is blow up your balloons. They need to be attached to the straw when fully blown up.
This is where I found the clothespins to be helpful!
TIP: After I blew each one up I would give the end a tiny twist and pop a clothespin one at the twist to stop it from deflating. (Optional as we did it many times before I thought of it.)
Once the balloons are blown up tape to the straws with the openings facing the back of the rockets.
I actually did them backwards the first time. Oops!
Tip: If you do them backwards don’t attempt to take the tape off! It’s better to let them deflate and hope that the tape will come off on its own… my balloons popped and I had to grab some more.
This Hidden Colors Experiment is another one of my sons absolute faves!
Vertical Balloon Rockets Science Experiment 3-2-1-Blastoff!
You are now ready to start the balloon straw rocket race!
Have your kids each hold one balloon and have it as far back on the starting line of the string as possible.
Or if only one child is participating they can hold one in each hand or you can hold one.
Start your countdown!
3-2-1-BLASTOFF!
Finally, let go of the ends of the balloon rockets at Blastoff and watch them zoom to the other end of the string to the finish line!
This is a great time to talk about Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion : Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
The air blows out of the balloon (action).
The balloon rocket moves forward (reaction).
Also take the time to discuss what the balloons did. Did it go straight? Spin around the string? Get stuck half way?
Tip: Having the balloons different colors helps to keep track of your results if you choose to document this like a real science experiment.
We did this balloon straw rocket experiment tons of times over!
Have your kids bring the straws back to the starting point and blow up the balloons to go again!
If the balloons fall off, no worries, just tape them back on.
And if they don’t fall off then have fun blowing them up still attached to the string. Lol.
Extend the Science Experiment
Try different set-ups to see what happens.
- What happens if one is blown up smaller than the other?
- What if you tape the balloon on sideways or on an angle? Does it spin?
- What if you don’t actually let go completely and just let the air out? Does it make your hair or clothes move?
- Try different sizes and shaped balloons.
- What if the triangle fins are on an angle?
- Try less fins or no fins?
- What if the fins are really big or smaller?
- Cut the string and stick the front of the straw into the end of the balloon and use a small elastic to secure it. Blow it up using the straw and then watch it fly freely. See where it goes like Mombrite did.
Keep going on the topic of actions having an equal and opposite reaction.
Or if you are ready for a different experiment now, check out one of our personal favorites: Magical Color Changing Milk Experiment
About Beck Poulsen
Beck is a stay at home mom with 2 young kids. A big brother and little sister. Having grown up working in kindergarten classes and helping to run Children's Ministry in various towns and cities across Ontario, Canada she constantly looking for ways to make learning fun and exciting. Beck has a lot of fun raising her own youngsters and wants to make sure they have the best childhood she can offer them. Follow Beck on her Facebook .
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Balloon Rocket Experiment - Teach Kids About Air Pressure and Rocket Thrust
Posted by Admin / in Physics Experiments
Teach Kids About Rocket Thrust and Pressure Energy. This experiment uses a toy rocket with that uses a balloon to store energy and generate thrust for the rocket.
Items Needed for Experiment
- 15 feet of string (fishing line OK)
EXPERIMENT STEPS
Step 1: Feed one end of the string through the straw.
Step 2. Tape tape or tie one side of the string to a fixed object such as a chair. The object can be high or low. It is fun to experiment to see how high the balloon rocket can go. If there are extra helper kids, two kids can hold each end of the string instead of taping it to a chair.
Step 3. Inflate the balloon, but hold the opening closed so no air escapes.
Step 4. Tape the balloon to the straw using a few pieces of tape.
Step 5. Have either the rocket engineer hold the loose end of the string while they launch the rocket or have another helper hold the string.
Step 6. Let go of the balloon opening allowing the air to escape and the balloon rocket to be launched along the string line.
SCIENCE LEARNED
The rocket balloon demonstrates a type of energy called pressure energy. Energy is stored up inside the balloon in the form of air pressure. When the balloon is released the air pressure inside the balloon is greater than the outside pressure so the air escapes through the opening creating thrust force which propels the balloon. The string and straw are used to control the path of the rocket balloon. The straw rubbing against the string actually slows down the rocket slightly because of friction between the string and the straw.
Scientists are actually considering ways to utilize stored energy in the form of pressure. In many systems such as solar energy and wind energy, expensive rechargeable batteries are required to store the energy for later use such as at night or during less windy times. Pressure energy may provide a less expensive way of storing energy for later use.
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Make A Balloon Rocket
3-2-1 blast off! What can you do with a balloon and a straw? Build a balloon rocket , of course! Kids will love this awesome physics experiment that is more like play than science. A fun introduction to Newton’s Laws of Motion. We love hands-on and easy physics activities for kids !
Make A Balloon Rocket For STEM
This simple balloon rocket activity lets your kids think about forces in motion. STEM for kids doesn’t need to be complicated or expensive. Some of the best STEM activities are also the cheapest! Keep it fun and playful, and not make it too difficult that it takes forever to complete.
This easy balloon rocket STEM activity can teach kids how the force of air moving in one direction can propel a balloon in the opposite direction, much like a real rocket! You can easily add in Newton’s Third Law as part of the science lesson!
MUST TRY: Have you ever made a bottle rocket for the outdoors?
Take up the challenge to make a balloon rocket with our step-by-step instructions below. Find out what makes the balloon move along the string and see how far or fast you can get your own balloon rocket to travel.
Also try these fun balloon rocket variations…
- Santa’s Balloon Rocket
- Valentine’s Day Balloon Rocket
- St. Patrick’s Day Balloon Rocket
PRINTABLE BALLOON ROCKET PROJECT!
Turn It Into A Balloon Rocket Experiment
Turn it into a balloon rocket experiment by exploring what happens when the balloon is blown up to different sizes. Does the balloon travel further as it has more air in it? Learn more about the scientific method for kids !
If you want to set up an experiment that includes several trials with the same balloon, make sure to use a soft tape measure to measure the circumference of the first balloon. To recreate accurate trials, you need to change the independent variable and measure the dependent variable .
You can also get kids started by writing down their hypotheses before diving into the experiment. What do they think will happen when the blown-up balloon is released?
After performing the experiment, kids can draw conclusions as to what happened and how it matched their initial hypotheses. You can always change a hypothesis upon testing your theory!
You could also investigate…
- Does the different type of string affect how the rocket travels?
- Does the length or type of straw affect how the rocket travels?
How to Make a Balloon Rocket
- Rocket Printout
- Drinking Straws (paper or plastic, which one works better?)
- String (yarn or twine, which one works better?)
- A clothespin (optional)
Instructions:
STEP 1: Locate two anchor points across the room from each other like two chairs. Tie off one end of the string.
STEP 2: Thread the straw onto the other end of the string before tying off that end on the 2nd anchor point. Make sure the string is taught.
STEP 3: Cut out our rocket or draw your own. You could even use a sharpie to draw one on the side of the balloon.
STEP 4: Blow up the balloon and secure the end with a clothespin if desired or hold it. Tape your paper rocket to the balloon.
STEP 5: Tape the balloon to the straw.
STEP 6: Release the balloon and watch your rocket take off! This is one you will want to repeat again and again!
How Does A Balloon Rocket Work?
Let’s start with thrust. First, you blow up the balloon, filling it with gas. When you release the balloon the air or gas escapes creating a forward motion called thrust! Thrust is a pushing force created by the energy released from the balloon.
Also learn how the force of lift works with this paper helicopter activity!
NEWTON’S THIRD LAW
Then, you can bring in Sir Isaac Newton and his third law. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This is the third law of motion. When the gas is forced out of the balloon, it is pushed back against the air outside the balloon, propelling it forward on the string!
Newton’s first law states that an object at rest stays at rest until an outside force acts upon it. An object in motion will stay in motion in a straight line until an unbalanced force acts upon it (think of a toy car going down a ramp).
His second law states that force times mass equals acceleration. All three laws of motion can be observed with a balloon rocket!
Set Up A Balloon Rocket Science Fair Project
Want to turn this balloon rocket into a cool balloon rocket science project? Check out these helpful resources below.
You can also easily turn your trials into a fantastic presentation along with your hypothesis. Add extra trials using the questions above for a more in-depth science fair project.
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More Fun Things To Build
Also, try one of these easy engineering projects below.
- Learn about how lift works with this paper helicopter activity.
- Build your own mini hovercraft that actually hovers.
- Build a balloon powered car and see how far it can go.
- Design an airplane launcher to catapult your paper planes.
- A good breeze and a few materials are all you need to tackle this DIY kite project .
- It’s a fun chemical reaction that makes this bottle rocket take off.
- Build a popsicle stick catapult to explore physics further!
- Make a paper rocket with free rocket template.
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80+ Doable Engineering Projects in one convenient pack!
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- Real-world STEM challenge lesson but don’t know where to start? Our easy-to-follow template shows the steps!
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- Crossword and word search with engineering vocabulary.
- Engineering vocabulary cards
- Design a one-of-a-kind invention and write about it with this 5-page activity!
Subscribe to receive a free 5-Day STEM Challenge Guide
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Discover Explore Learn
Balloon Rockets: A Journey Into Science and Fun
Balloons have captivated our imagination for decades, becoming a symbol of celebration, joy, and even science. When combined with the awe-inspiring mechanics of rockets, balloons offer a wonderful hands-on experience that illustrates core scientific principles.
For families, educators, and kids at heart, balloon rockets serve as both an entertaining and educational activity. Rockets, whether they soar through the night sky on New Year’s Eve or help astronauts travel to space, operate on fundamental principles.
By exploring these principles, we can create fun, hands-on experiments like balloon rockets.
The Magic of Newton’s Third Law
Sir Isaac Newton’s laws of motion serve as the foundation for our understanding of how objects move. His third law, in particular, offers a simple yet profound explanation for the movement of rockets and balloon rockets alike.
According to NASA , Newton’s Third Law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that the force exerted in one direction produces an equal force in the opposite direction.
In the context of our balloon rockets, when air is released from the balloon, it propels the balloon in the opposite direction, showcasing this law in action. By using everyday items like balloons, yarn, and straws, we can visualize and interact with these scientific principles.
When the balloon is released and air flows out, it creates a force that propels the balloon in the opposite direction. The setup might be simple, but the lessons it imparts about physics are invaluable.
The Role of Propulsion in Rocket Movement
Propulsion is the driving force behind rockets. It’s the push that rockets need to overcome Earth’s gravity and the resistance of our atmosphere.
According to the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum , propulsion in rockets comes from the expulsion of fast-moving fluid from a nozzle. This fluid can be a mixture of ignited fuel and oxidizer or simply compressed air, as in the case of our balloon rockets.
When this fluid (or air) is expelled at high speed, it pushes the rocket forward. Balloons, while not as complex as space rockets, mirror this propulsion system. The stored air inside a balloon acts as the propellant.
When the balloon is let go, the rapid exit of the air propels the balloon in the opposite direction. This simple mechanism provides a tangible example of the forces at play in real rockets.
Crafting Your Own Balloon Rocket
Making a balloon rocket is a fun experiment that blends creativity and scientific knowledge, making it ideal for a science fair project . Follow this step-by-step guide to craft your balloon rocket, whether at home or in school.
Materials You’ll Need
Introduction: The beauty of balloon rockets lies in their simplicity. With just a few household items, you can set up your own rocket experiment.
- Balloons: These act as your rocket’s fuel tank.
- Yarn: Ideally about 6 feet long, this serves as your rocket’s flight path.
- Straw: This helps guide the balloon along the yarn.
- Tape: To secure the balloon to the straw.
- Scissors: For any necessary adjustments.
- 2 chairs: To stretch and anchor the yarn.
With these materials in hand, you’re all set to craft your rocket.
Setting Up and Launching Your Rocket
Introduction: The setup for this experiment is straightforward, allowing young scientists to be involved in every step.
- Preparation Phase: Secure one end of the yarn to a chair. Next, thread the straw onto the yarn, ensuring it moves freely. Finally, tie the other end of the yarn to the second chair.
- Rocket Assembly: Inflate the balloon without tying it. While holding the balloon’s opening to keep the air in, tape it to the straw. This setup ensures the balloon moves smoothly along the yarn when released.
- Launch: Move the balloon to one end of the yarn so it touches a chair. Let the balloon go, and watch as it zooms across the room!
This simple setup showcases the principles of propulsion and Newton’s Third Law. Kids and adults alike will be thrilled with the balloon’s rapid journey.
Extending the Fun: Rocket-Inspired Activities
If you’ve enjoyed launching balloon rockets, there are other exciting and educational rocket-based activities to explore.
DIY Rocket Launcher
Introduction: Propel rockets using a simple PVC pipe and foot pump setup.
According to the PBS Parents , you can craft a DIY rocket launcher using easy-to-find materials like PVC pipes, plastic bottles, and a foot pump. This hands-on activity allows kids to experiment with pressure and propulsion while launching their homemade rockets skyward.
Straw Rockets
A less complex alternative to balloon rockets, but equally fun.
According to Science Sparks , straw rockets are made by wrapping paper around a pencil to form a ‘rocket’ and then launching it using a straw. By blowing through the straw, the air propels the paper rocket forward. It’s a fantastic way to discuss force and aerodynamics with young learners.
Balloon Rocket Car
Add wheels to the equation for an exciting twist on the classic balloon rocket.
According to the California Science Center, you can craft a balloon rocket car using simple materials like CDs for wheels and a cardboard body. When the balloon is released, the escaping air propels the car forward, making it an excellent lesson in motion and energy.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Why does the balloon need to be untied for the rocket to work.
When the balloon is untied, it allows the air inside to escape rapidly when released. This escaping air creates the propulsion force needed to move the balloon along the yarn.
Can I use string instead of yarn for the balloon rocket’s flight path?
Yes, you can use string, but the yarn is often smoother and can allow for a more frictionless journey for the balloon. However, any similar material that can be stretched taut will generally work.
How can I increase the speed of my balloon rocket?
The speed of the balloon rocket is influenced by the amount of air in the balloon and the smoothness of the flight path. Ensure the yarn is taut and consider using a larger balloon or increasing the amount of air for more speed.
Is it safe to use helium instead of air in the balloon rocket experiment?
While helium will make the balloon rise, it doesn’t provide the same propulsion force as blowing air into the balloon. Moreover, helium is a non-renewable resource and is best saved for other applications.
Can this experiment be done outdoors?
Absolutely! Just ensure that the yarn is secured to stationary objects and that there isn’t strong wind which might affect the balloon’s path.
How does the length of the yarn impact the balloon rocket’s travel?
A longer yarn can allow the balloon to travel further but might reduce the speed if the balloon runs out of air before reaching the end. Adjusting the length of the yarn can help in understanding distance and force dynamics.
Final Words
In conclusion, balloon rockets are more than just a fun activity. They bridge the gap between play and learning, providing a hands-on way to understand complex scientific principles.
Whether at home, in the classroom, or at a science-themed party, they’re a surefire way to inspire wonder and curiosity in young minds.
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Science Project Ideas
Balloon Rocket
The balloon rocket is a great science experiment for kids to grasp the concept of force and energy. By involving in this activity, they also garner a lot of fun as it enables them to build their own balloon-powered rockets, something that is no less than an exciting toy.
Balloon Rocket Experiment
On releasing the air contained in a fully blown balloon, it moves forward along a straight string to which it is attached.
- 1 balloon (long ones work best)
- About 10-15 ft long kite string
- 1 plastic straw
- Tie one end of the string to a door knob, chair or any other support.
- Pass the other end through the straw.
- Stretch the string tightly by pulling the free end and tie it to any other support.
- Move the straw to one end of the string. Blow the balloon up fully.
- Pinching its opening without tying it, tape it horizontally to the straw ensuring that the opening faces the support that is closest to the balloon.
- Let go of the pinched end and watch the balloon propel itself forward from one end of the string to another. Can you hear a noise? It is of the blown air escaping out.
How to Make a Balloon Rocket: Video
Explanation of the balloon rocket lab.
On releasing the nozzle, the air that is stored inside the balloon at a high pressure rushes out in the backward direction with a lot of force because of relatively lower pressure outside. This is the action. Now According to Newton’s 3 rd law of motion, every action has an equal and opposite reaction. As a result, the thrust caused by the backward movement of the air causes the balloon to go in the forward direction. According to Newton’s 2 nd law, the thrust produced is directly proportional to the acceleration produced in the rocket and they occur in the same direction.
The same principle is utilized in rockets. A part of it is filled with fuel. On burning, it gives rise to smoke and gasses that rush out of its rear in the downward direction, causing a thrust on the rocket to gain upward momentum.
According to Newton’s 1 st law of motion, a body continues to be in a state of rest or of motion unless acted upon by some externally impressed force to act otherwise. Note that the only resistance to the motion of the balloon rocket is air resistance and the friction on the string that causes it to stop eventually. In the absence of both these factors, its velocity would never be zero. This helps us to conclude that a balloon rocket can operate in space that is a vacuum. This fact applies to real rockets too that are sent to a planet’s orbit in outer space.
Further Investigation
- Measure the circumference of the widest part of a small inflated balloon with a tape. After performing the experiment, measure the distance traveled by setting a ruler along the straight string. Repeat with bigger balloons having greater circumferences at their centers. Tabulate the results and plot it on a graph taking the circumference (or radius) along the X-axis. How does it change?
- Take different shapes of balloons and check how far they go. How does the rocket design affect the distance traveled?
- Tape the balloon to the string in such a way that its nozzle is not parallel to the string but aligned at a certain angle. Execute the experiment. Does the rocket move as expected?
- Use other types of material for your line like twine, fishing line or ribbon. How does it affect the distance up to which the balloon rocket travels?
Do let us know of your observations and let us figure out the reasons for it.
Applications of Balloon Rockets
You can make a racer balloon rocket car by applying the above principle of balloon rockets.
Turn it into a fun game by allowing children to race against each other with their homemade balloon rockets. Help them with tips and tricks to make it faster. Even preschoolers can enjoy its working as a toy without having to delve much into the details. It is also an ideal project for demonstration at science fairs.
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Balloon Rockets
Grade level, 15 min - 1 hr, physical science, activity type:, engineering design challenge , data collection.
This lesson and activity is part of the Chemical Educational Foundation’s® award-winning You Be The Chemist® Activity Guides , a free resource for educators and parents who want to introduce students in grades K-8 to chemistry and science concepts in a fun, hands-on manner. Learn more at www.chemed.org
Relevant standards , formulas and equations
View the full activity guide and safety guide
Rocketry has existed for hundreds of years. Although the technology has greatly improved and there are numerous methods for propelling a rocket, the simple science behind rockets has always been the same. To propel a rocket, some kind of force must push it forward. A force is the amount of push or pull on an object. The mechanical force that pushes a rocket or aircraft through the air is known as thrust . In this experiment, you’ll make a balloon rocket that is propelled by pressure. Pressure is the amount of force exerted on an area.
When you blow up the balloon, you are filling it with gas particles. The gas particles move freely within the balloon and may collide with one another, exerting pressure on the inside of the balloon. As more gas is added to the balloon, the number of gas particles in the balloon increases, as well as the number of collisions. While the force of a single gas particle collision is too small to notice, the total force created by all of the gas particle collisions within the balloon is significant.
As the number of collisions within the balloon increases, so does the pressure within the balloon. In addition, the pressure of the gas inside the balloon becomes greater than the air pressure outside of the balloon. When you release the opening of the balloon, gas quickly escapes to equalize the pressure inside with the air pressure outside of the balloon. The escaping air exerts a force on the balloon itself. The balloon pushes back in a manner described by Newton’s Third Law of Motion. That opposing force—called thrust , in this case—propels the rocket forward.
- 10 feet of string
- Permanent marker
- Cargo (paper clips, bottle caps, candy, etc.)
- Cereal boxes, construction paper, or any other material to make lightweight cargo containers
- Tape, glue, scissors, and any other materials needed for construction
- Review the information in the Safety First section of the You Be The Chemist® resource guide
Experimental Procedure
As the students perform the experiment, challenge them to identify the independent, dependent, and controlled variables, as well as whether there is a control setup for the experiment. (Hint: As the amount of gas in the balloon changes, does the distance the rocket travels change?)
- Tie one end of a string to a chair, doorknob, or other support.
- Put the other end of the string through a straw. Then pull the string tight, and tie it to another support in the room.
- Blow up the balloon, and pinch the end of the balloon to keep the air inside. Do not tie the balloon.
- Tape the balloon to the straw so that the opening of the balloon is horizontal with the ground. You may need two students for this: one to keep the air pinched inside the balloon and the other to tape the balloon to the straw.
- While holding the balloon opening closed, one student should pull the balloon all the way back to the end of the string (the starting line) so that the balloon opening is against one support. Have another student use the marker to draw a finish line near the other end of the string.
- Let go of the balloon and watch it move along the string .
- Then, have students test different methods to transport “cargo” across the string to the finish line.
Data Collection
Have students record data in their science notebooks. What happened when the opening of the balloon was released and the gas was allowed to escape? If they timed the process, how long did it take for a rocket to cross the finish line? Have students answer the questions on the activity sheet (or similar ones of your own) to guide the process.
This lesson and activity is part of the Chemical Educational Foundation’s® (CEF) award-winning You Be The Chemist® Activity Guides, a free resource for educators and parents who want to introduce students to chemistry and science concepts in a fun, hands-on manner. The guides feature nearly 1,000 pages of lesson plans, science content, and activity sheets for students in grades K – 8. Download the guides for free at www.chemed.org/ybtc/guides/ . CEF’s other programs are the You Be The Chemist Challenge® (a national academic competition for grade 5 – 8 students) and You Be The Chemist® Essential Elements (professional development workshops for educators). In 2014 CEF celebrates its 25th anniversary. Find out more at www.chemed.org .
Related Links
In this Science Friday video, learn how Raul Oaida, at 18 years-old, attached a LEGO shuttle, a video camera, and a GPS tracker to a huge helium balloon and sent them into space:
Want to learn more about spaceflight? Listen to our Q&A with astronauts Don Pettit and Jeffrey Hoffman:
Ask an Astronaut: Don Pettit and Jeff Hoffman on Spaceflight
Education standards.
This lesson applies both Dimension 1: Scientific and Engineering Practices and Dimension 2: Crosscutting Concepts from “ A Framework for K–12 Science Education ,” established as a guide for the updated National Science Education Standards. In addition, this lesson covers the following Disciplinary Core Ideas from that framework:
PS2.A: Forces and Motion PS2.C: Stability and Instability in Physical Systems PS3.C: Relationship Between Energy and Forces ETS1.A: Definiting and Delimiting an Engineering Problem (see Analysis & Conclusion) ETS1.B: Developing Possible Solutions (see Analysis & Conclusion) ETS1.C: Optimizing the Design Solution (see Analysis & Conclusion) ETS2.A: Interdependence of Science, Engineering, and Technology (see Analysis & Conclusion)
Formulas and Equations
Newton’s laws of motion have played a key role in humans’ understanding of the universe.
- Newton’s First Law of Motion (the Law of Inertia) states: Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an external force is applied to it.
- Newton’s Second Law of Motions states: The acceleration (a) of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force (F) in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass (m) of the object. This relationship is described by the equation: F = ma.
- Newton’s Third Law of Motion states: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
- Pressure is the amount of force exerted on an area. This relationship is described by the following equation: p = F/A.
View the original You Be The Chemist® Lesson and Activity Guide – Balloon Rockets and print the activity sheet.
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Meet the Writer
About Chemical Educational Foundation
The Chemical Educational Foundation® is committed to enhancing science education by building greater public understanding and appreciation of chemistry and chemicals through K-8 educational programs and community partnerships. Learn more at www.chemed.org
Explore More
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COMMENTS
Step 2: Insert a straw in the balloon. Blow up a balloon to stretch it out and then let it deflate. Insert a smoothie straw through the neck of the balloon. Push it almost all the way to the other end of the balloon. Wrap a rubber band around the neck of the balloon to keep the straw in place.
A Balloon that Flies like a Rocket
The balloon rocket experiment is easy to set up and is definitely fun for children. We used two balloons and two strings to make a balloon race.#TheDadLab #b...
For the full instructions visit: https://onelittleproject.com/balloon-rocketLearn how to make a balloon rocket! This rocket balloon is such a fun science exp...
MAKE A BALLOON ROCKET
It's an exhilarating combination of fun, science, and a little friendly competition. With just a few simple materials, you can launch your way into a world of learning and excitement. This is a super simple science experiment with vertical balloon straw rockets for kids. Teach kids about Newton's third law of motion or simply have some fun!
Thread the fishing line through the two straws. Tie the ends of the fishing line to two sturdy pieces of furniture and make sure it is pulled tight. The longer you can make the line, the better. Cut a small ring (less than one inch long) from the cardboard tube. Stretch the balloons to loosen them before inflating.
Step 1: Feed one end of the string through the straw. Step 2. Tape tape or tie one side of the string to a fixed object such as a chair. The object can be high or low. It is fun to experiment to see how high the balloon rocket can go. If there are extra helper kids, two kids can hold each end of the string instead of taping it to a chair. Step 3.
STEP 2: Thread the straw onto the other end of the string before tying off that end on the 2nd anchor point. Make sure the string is taught. STEP 3: Cut out our rocket or draw your own. You could even use a sharpie to draw one on the side of the balloon. STEP 4: Blow up the balloon and secure the end with a clothespin if desired or hold it.
STEP 3: Fully inflate the long balloon. Using the tape, attach the balloon to the straw. STEP 4: Release the balloon and observe. Provide evidence of the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of the balloon. STEP 5: Pull the balloon and straw to one end of the string. Inflate the balloon half of the way. Release the balloon ...
Introduction: The beauty of balloon rockets lies in their simplicity. With just a few household items, you can set up your own rocket experiment. Balloons: These act as your rocket's fuel tank. Yarn: Ideally about 6 feet long, this serves as your rocket's flight path. Straw: This helps guide the balloon along the yarn.
Balloon Rocket Experiment Hypothesis On releasing. The balloon rocket is a great science experiment for kids to grasp the concept of force and energy. By involving in this activity, they also garner a lot of fun as it enables them to build their own balloon-powered rockets, something that is no less than an exciting toy. ...
This week, experiment with balloons and learn how you can make your very own rocket with Jessi and Squeaks!-----Like SciShow? Want to help support us, a...
To propel a rocket, some kind of force must push it forward. A force is the amount of push or pull on an object. The mechanical force that pushes a rocket or aircraft through the air is known as thrust. In this experiment, you'll make a balloon rocket that is propelled by pressure. Pressure is the amount of force exerted on an area.
Cut two short lengths of tape and place the middle of them on each bit of straw. These will hold the balloon in place. Blow up the balloon, but don't tie it off. Hold the end closed with one hand, or use a clothes peg, and stick it to your two bits of straw (get a helper for this bit if required). Start your countdown and let go when you ...
The balloon rocket illustrates Newton's third law of motion. It states that for each force there is an equally strong and opposite reaction force. In this case, the air inside the rocket, through the collisions of the air molecules (air pressure), exerts a net force on the front inside wall of the balloon. The opposing force is the push back on ...
This balloon rocket activity can be done outside for a fun summer science or indoors to bring some excitement to a dreary rainy day or cold winter day. Either wy, this balloon activity for kids is quick with just a few simple materials you probabaly already have on hand. This physics experiment for kids is fun for preschoolers, kindergartners ...
Balloon rocket is a simple science experiment to understand the newton's third law. Which states that, "Every action has reaction". You will build a simple rocket out of a balloon and a straw that will slide over a string by producing thrust. Precaution: Always wear safety goggles and hand gloves when dealing with chemicals. Also, take ...
Your balloon rocket flying across the room is a great way to learn about forces. You've probably heard "every action has an equal and opposite reaction" and this is a great example of that. As you release the balloon the air shoots out to the left and this will push the balloon to the right, with an equal and opposite force.
Balloon Rockets - Purdue University ... Balloon Rockets
Newton's Third Law of Motion states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. Learn how a balloon rocket demonstrates this principle at: www.sci...
Procedure. • Blow up your balloon (this is the part that's like filling a rocket engine with fuel) and pinch the opening with your fingers to keep the air inside. (Don't tie it off.) • While ...
How does a balloon rocket work? In this video, we will make the balloon rocket experiment and explain how this thing work. #balloon #science #scienceexperime...