essay titles for lamb to the slaughter

A Summary and Analysis of Roald Dahl’s ‘Lamb to the Slaughter’

By Dr Oliver Tearle (Loughborough University)

‘Lamb to the Slaughter’ is a 1953 short story by Roald Dahl (1916-90), which was initially rejected for publication but was later adapted for television on several occasions. Included in Dahl’s collections Someone Like You (1953) and Tales of the Unexpected (1979), the story is about a wife who murders her unfaithful husband with a frozen leg of lamb before hatching a plan to ensure she isn’t caught for her crime.

Before we offer an analysis of ‘Lamb to the Slaughter’, it might be worth recapping the plot of Dahl’s story.

Plot summary

Mary Maloney is waiting at home for her husband, Patrick, to get home from work. He is a detective. She is six months pregnant with their child. When he gets home, she pours them both a drink and notices that Patrick has drained his glass more swiftly than he usually does. He pours himself another whisky before revealing to his wife that he plans to leave her.

Mary is stunned by this revelation, and initially wants to act as though it hasn’t happened. She decides to go and get some food from the freezer that she can cook for their dinner. She finds a leg of lamb in the freezer, and when her husband announces he’s going out, she strikes him on the back of the head with the lamb leg, killing him.

Immediately she starts to think about how to cover her tracks so she won’t be caught. She puts the meat in the oven to cook. After rehearsing what she will say to the nearby grocer, she goes out to his shop and buys some potatoes and peas to go with the roast lamb. When talking to the grocer, Sam, she acts as though everything is all right and her husband is waiting for her back home.

When she returns home, she talks herself into believing her husband is still alive, so she is genuinely shocked when she sees his body lying on the floor. She phones the police to report that he has been murdered, and a group of detectives – who knew Patrick from work – show up to investigate his death.

The detectives make a thorough search of the house, believing that Patrick was murdered by a heavy metal implement. So they search for something that could have been used as the murder weapon. They remain in the house for so long that Mary offers them all a drink. They reluctantly accept and, when she is reminded of the lamb cooking in the oven, she suggests that they eat it since they must be hungry.

Again, they agree, and as they sit around the table eating the leg of lamb which killed their former colleague, they remain oblivious to the fact that they are, in fact, destroying the evidence themselves. In the next room, Mary giggles.

Dahl’s story was suggested by his friend Ian Fleming, who created James Bond. Dahl adapted Fleming’s Bond novel You Only Live Twice for the big screen; he also co-wrote the screenplay for the film Chitty Chitty Bang Bang , which was also based on a Fleming novel. And it was Fleming who suggested the idea for ‘Lamb to the Slaughter’, telling his friend that he should write a story about a woman who murders her wife with a leg of mutton (not lamb) which she then serves to the investigating officers.

‘Lamb to the Slaughter’ can be categorised as a horror story (although given the lack of any supernatural element, ‘thriller’ is perhaps a more apposite label), although we should also pay attention to the darkly humorous elements of the tale: features in keeping with Dahl’s writing as a whole.

The story reflects – but then subverts – a common trope of the early 1950s: namely, the wife as the faithful homemaker while the husband goes out to work. At the beginning of ‘Lamb to the Slaughter’, Mary Maloney cannot do enough for her husband, waiting patiently and eagerly for him to arrive home, fetching his drink, asking him about his day.

But when the stability of her world crumbles in a few minutes, when Patrick tells her that he is leaving her (although it isn’t mentioned, we assume he has met someone else), she changes very quickly – and easily – from dutiful wife to cold-blooded murderer.

In other words, once the role she has settled into over the years, that of being ‘Mrs Patrick Maloney’, is taken away from her, she finds herself able to switch in and out of that role with ease. After a brief rehearsal at home, she is able to convince the grocer that she is still the dutiful wife once again: an act she performs again for the policemen.

Dahl makes it clear that she doesn’t murder her husband out of fear of being penniless without the money from him, the breadwinner of the family: he makes it clear he will continue to provide for her financially. Instead, her motive is more complex. Does she kill him out of jealousy or spite, or resentment at having conceived the child of a man who doesn’t even intend to hang around long enough to see it born?

Dahl leaves these questions open for us to discuss. Note how, in the moments preceding that decisive moment when she strikes her husband with the leg of lamb, her movements become automatic, as if she is being guided by some other force. Her unconscious? The concentrated righteous anger of ‘a woman scorned’? Dahl tells us that she ‘simply’ walked up to her husband and struck him with the lamb.

It is as if she is performing some perfunctory task, almost as though the mundane and automatic business of housework has been extrapolated to incorporate the business of murder. She doesn’t appear to lash out in a moment of fury, cold or otherwise. It is almost as if she feels she has no other choice.

There is obviously a grim irony in the method she uses to dispatch her husband. The roast joint cooking in the oven is the symbol par excellence of the good 1950s housewife, feeding her husband after a long day at work. There is also symbolism in the fact that this food, meant to be an offering from wife to husband, is used instead to kill the husband, with the deadly weapon being given instead to a host of other men (who, as policemen, are also stand-ins for the dead husband in some respects).

In the last analysis, then, ‘Lamb to the Slaughter’ is a short story about how easily the meek and loving housewife can transform into a cold and calculating killer. It is Mary’s sudden change that makes the story so unsettling, and the lack of remorse she shows for her crime; but her choice of murder weapon and method of disposing of the evidence make this story as much black comedy as out-and-out horror tale.

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"The Landlady" and Other Short Stories

By roald dahl, "the landlady" and other short stories summary and analysis of "lamb to the slaughter".

Six-months-pregnant Mary Maloney sits in her home with the curtains drawn as she waits for her husband, Patrick, to come home from work. She calmly looks at the clock, and at 10 minutes to 5, his car pulls into the driveway and she leans in to kiss him as he comes to the door. She hangs his coat, and makes them drinks. This is a blissful time of day for Mary, and she waits quietly by her husband while he finishes his drink. Mary really loves her husband and enjoys basking in his warmth "as a sunbather feels the sun" (404).

Mary asks her husband if he is tired, and he downs his whiskey soda, which is very unusual for him. Her husband stands up to get another drink, but Mary jumps up and asks to bring it to him. Her husband tells her to sit down, and when he returns she notices the drink is filled with significantly more whiskey. Mary comments on how her husband should not be on his feet all day given how senior of a policeman he is, and her husband does not respond. Mary's husband continues to sit in silence as she tells him she can make him dinner, even though they usually go out to eat on Thursdays. He does not respond, so Mary insists that her husband must eat something until he tells her to sit down.

When her husband sits her down, Mary sees him sitting motionlessly, shrouded by a shadow, as he tells her that he is going to leave her. Mary watches him with a "dazed horror" (405), and her husband tells Mary not to make a fuss about the divorce, as it would be bad for his job.

After hearing this, Mary walks down the stairs to the cellar and lifts the first object she grabs, a leg of lamb, from the freezer. She decides to make lamb for dinner as she holds the lamb by the thin bone-end. Since he is going out, her husband tells her not to bother making dinner. In response, Mary walks up behind him, swings the leg of lamb, and brings it down onto the back of his head.

Her husband remains standing for four or five seconds, then falls to the carpet, dead. She snaps out of shock and thinks clearly about her next steps. Mary initially decides the penalty for killing her husband would be a relief. But, she worries about her unborn child, and whether they would kill both her and her child or wait until the child was born.

Mary carries the meat into the oven and begins to cook it. She then begins to tidy up her face and smile strangely at the mirror. After rehearsing in the mirror, Mary smiles and speaks more naturally, and she goes to the grocery store to buy some potatoes and peas. At the grocery store, Mary lies to the cashier that she and her husband decided to eat in.

Returning from the grocery store with potatoes, peas and cheesecake, Mary decides to make supper as she usually would, and to make it as tasty as possible. Mary's plot is to tell the police her husband is murdered while she is buying vegetables, and she finds his body when she returns home. Mary plans to keep her actions as natural as possible, and even calls to her husband as she walks through the door with the groceries. As she is acting out her plan, she truly feels the shock of his death, and she begins crying over his dead body. Mary then calls the police to report her husband's murder, and the police car arrives at her home.

Two policemen from the precinct walk into her home, and she knows both of them. She falls into one of the policemen's arms, weeping hysterically, and he gently puts her in a chair. Mary tells the policemen about her visit to the grocer, and after one of the policemen finds a small patch of blood on Patrick's head, more men come into her home. A doctor and two detectives examine the body and the crime scene.

Eventually, the photographer and doctor leave, and two other men carry Patrick's body out on a stretcher. Mary asks to stay in the house while the two policemen search her home, and they tell her that her husband was killed by a heavy blunt object, most likely a large piece of metal. The policemen continue to search her home for the murder weapon, and Mary offers them whiskey.

One of the police officers remarks that Mary still has lamb in the oven, and Mary persuades the policemen to have the lamb for dinner. The story ends with the policemen discussing the murder weapon that it is likely "right under" their noses, as they eat the leg of lamb.

In "Lamb to the Slaughter," the tranquility of Mary's home life as a doting wife and soon-to-be mother is destroyed by her husband's wish to divorce her. The beginning of this story sets up her complete servility. Indeed, she is given no interests or thoughts outside of caring for her husband and waiting for him to arrive, as she notices every move her husband makes. When her husband unsettles their marriage by asking for a divorce, he also unsettles Mary's stability, shattering her internal life and beginning her transformation into a murderer.

As Mary's husband tells her that he is going to leave her, Mary acutely observes several changes in his usual demeanor. Like a predator, Mary observes that he downs his drink too quickly. Mary does not see this, but hears it, as the ice clinks in his glass. She then notices "the light from the lamp beside him [falling] across the upper part of his face, leaving the chin and mouth in the shadow" (405). This light casts her husband ominously, as the darkness around his mouth foreshadows his impending dark confession as he unravels the stability of their marriage.

Indeed, Mary changes instantaneously, as her movements become "automatic" (406) while she walks down to the freezer, picks out the leg of lamb, and kills her husband with it. Murdering her husband only requires one precise blow, and Mary's transformation from docile wife to calculating murderer is immediate. Mary's previous daze is replaced by a feeling of "cold and surprise," and a mental clarity that allows her to think quickly. The shift into cold and surprise symbolizes Mary's rebirth as a calculating killer, as Mary devises a plot to clear herself of any suspicion.

After the beginning of the story establishes Mary as someone whose only thought is to care for her husband, her inability to access emotion naturally after her murder, to the extent that she must practice her expressions in the mirror, shows her external and internal transformation. Her husband's ill-treatment of her, and the revenge that she exacts, change her immensely. As Mary returns to her home and calls the police, she reassures herself that she does not have to act. But this repetitive thought casts doubt on Mary's credibility: can she really still lament her husband's death after murdering him? Mary tells herself to "do everything right and natural" (408) so she will not need to act, as she pretends to be the faithful wife that she was before the murder.

Mary's final murderous act, her decision to feed the detectives the leg of lamb that she used to kill her husband, shows the extent of Mary's depravity. But, this act also displays a reaffirmation of power. After devoting herself to her husband patiently, she is dumped by him while she is six months pregnant. Her servility to her husband is upturned when she kills him with the dinner she planned to make him, as she vengefully murders her husband after he metaphorically kills their marriage. This act, though insidious, allows her to break from her obedience. When she feeds the police officers the murder weapon, she again unsettles the expectation that she will be a good wife. Indeed, her act of hospitality, an expectation from a good housewife, is instead an act of exoneration, as she removes the evidence and any chance that she will be convicted. Mary feeds her rebellion and revenge directly to the detectives, as they unknowingly consume Mary's disruption of her expected domestic and gender roles.

“The Landlady” and Other Short Stories Questions and Answers

The Question and Answer section for “The Landlady” and Other Short Stories is a great resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss the novel.

Which quote from paragraph 12 best support the answer to Part A?

Possible Answer: "forcing him to stay where he was and not walk away from that house". .. note, only is Part A is questioning the definition of another word. Please include all information in your posts.

In "Lamb to the Slaughter," what is a mistake Mary makes when establishing her alibi at the grocery store.

I suppose she establishes her alibi after she kills her husband.Before she left the house after hitting her husband over the head with the frozen leg of lamb, she put the leg of lamb in the oven to begin cooking. This however doesn't end up being...

The Landlady

The emphasis of conflict and sense of foreboding mystery all lies with the character of the landlady hence the title.

Study Guide for “The Landlady” and Other Short Stories

"The Landlady" and Other Short Stories study guide contains a biography of Roald Dahl, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis.

• About "The Landlady" and Other Short Stories
• "The Landlady" and Other Short Stories Summary
• Character List

Essays for “The Landlady” and Other Short Stories

"The Landlady" and Other Short Stories essays are academic essays for citation. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of "The Landlady" and Other Short Stories by Roald Dahl.

• A Rose for the Landlady: A Dissection of the Affections of the Dahl and Faulkner’s Macabre Murderesses
• The Landlady: An Enigma
• "Lamb to the Slaughter": Roald Dahl's Sacrificial Killing of Criminal Profiling

Lesson Plan for “The Landlady” and Other Short Stories

• About the Author
• Study Objectives
• Common Core Standards
• Introduction to "The Landlady" and Other Short Stories
• Relationship to Other Books
• Bringing in Technology
• Notes to the Teacher
• Related Links
• "The Landlady" and Other Short Stories Bibliography

Wikipedia Entries for “The Landlady” and Other Short Stories

• Introduction

Lamb To The Slaughter

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Summary and Study Guide

Summary: “lamb to the slaughter”.

First published in Harper’s Magazine in 1953, “Lamb to the Slaughter” is Roald Dahl’s best-known short story for adults. Dahl (1916 - 1990) was a British novelist, screenwriter, short story author and, arguably, one of the greatest children’s storytellers of the 20th century. Many of his popular children’s books have been adapted for stage and screen, including Charlie and the Chocolate Factory , Matilda , The Witches , James and the Giant Peach , and Fantastic Mr. Fox .

Dahl published four collections of adult stories between 1946 and 1974. His short fiction was often characterized by black humor and macabre plot twists. “Lamb to the Slaughter” was adapted into a television script that Alfred Hitchcock presented in 1958. Many of the author’s other short stories were adapted for the British television series “Tales of the Unexpected,” which aired from 1979 to 1988. Dahl received the 1983 World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement and the British Book Awards’ Children’s Author of the Year in 1990. He was also presented with three Edgar Awards for his short fiction.

This study guide refers to the 2017 Penguin edition of Skin & Other Stories by Roald Dahl.

Content Warning: The source material contains depictions of domestic violence.

The story opens on a Thursday evening as Mary Maloney awaits her husband’s return from work. The living room is warm, tidy, and invitingly lit. Mary, who is six months pregnant, occasionally checks the clock as she sits sewing.

At 4:50 p.m., Mary is pleased to hear Patrick Maloney’s car pulling into the drive. She greets her husband at the door, kissing him and calling him “darling” (22). He responds with a brief “Hullo” (23). After hanging up his coat, Mary pours two whiskey and sodas. Giving the stronger drink to her husband, she sits opposite him.

Mary loves this time of day. She knows her husband likes to savor his first drink in silence, and she sits contentedly, happy to be in his presence. However, she is surprised when he quickly gulps down his drink and gets up to pour another. She offers to help him, but he orders her to stay seated. Mary notices that his second whiskey and soda is stronger. He declines her offer to fetch his slippers.

The Maloneys usually go out to eat on a Thursday. Nevertheless, Mary tells her husband she will prepare supper if he is tired. He curtly refuses the offer. Mary moves toward the freezer, and Mr. Maloney again instructs her to “[s]it down” (25). She listens as her husband makes a brief but shocking announcement (the narration does not recount his exact words but implies that he intends to leave his wife). Afterward, Mary stares at him “with a kind of dazed horror” (25). Mr. Maloney admits that the timing of his decision is not ideal but assures Mary that he will provide for her financially. He says he wants to avoid “any fuss” that might adversely affect his career as a police detective (25).

In shock, Mary behaves as if nothing has happened and declares she will make supper. She goes down to the cellar and takes a leg of lamb out of the freezer. When she returns to the living room, Mr. Maloney’s back is turned, and he abruptly announces he is “going out” (26). Without stopping to think, Mary clubs him over the head with the frozen leg of lamb. Mr. Maloney totters for a moment before toppling to the floor.

Coming to her senses, Mary realizes her husband is dead. She knows the penalty for murder is the death sentence. However, she is unsure if her unborn child would be spared this punishment. Although Mary feels that death “would be a relief” for her (27), she is not prepared for her baby to suffer this fate. Thinking quickly, she places the lamb in the oven and tidies her appearance. She smiles at the mirror and practices asking for potatoes and a can of peas in a cheerful voice .

Mary walks to her local grocery store, arriving just before six o’clock. She cheerfully greets the grocer, Sam . Mary explains that she needs peas and potatoes to accompany the lamb she is cooking, as her husband is too tired to eat out. She agrees when Sam suggests that Mr. Maloney might also like some cheesecake.

Hurrying home, Mary reflects that her behavior must appear as natural as possible. She convinces herself that it is an ordinary evening and she is about to cook her husband’s supper. Going inside, Mary is genuinely shocked at the sight of Mr. Maloney’s dead body and bursts into tears. She calls the police station where her husband worked to report that Patrick Maloney is dead.

When two policemen arrive at the scene, Mary is still crying. She recognizes the men as her husband’s colleagues, Sergeant Jack Noonan and O’Malley. Collapsing into Noonan’s arms, Mary tearfully explains that she discovered her husband’s body after going to the grocery store for vegetables. More men arrive at the crime scene, including a doctor, two detectives, and a photographer. All of them are kind to Mary. One of the detectives visits the grocery store to check Mary’s alibi. He returns, satisfied with Sam’s claim that Mary behaved normally.

Mr. Maloney’s body is taken away, leaving Mary with the two detectives and policemen. Sergeant Noonan asks if she wants to stay with a female relative, but Mary declines. She stays in the house as the police search for the murder weapon. The police officers tell her that they are looking for a heavy instrument, most likely made of metal. Mary suggests they search the garage.

By nine o’clock, the police have failed to find anything significant. Mary asks Sergeant Noonan to pour her a whiskey and suggests he has one too. Noonan admits that he is not supposed to drink alcohol while working but nevertheless acquiesces. The other police officers come in from outside and also accept Mary’s offer of alcohol.

When Noonan notices that the oven is still on, Mary asks if Jack and the other three policemen will do her “a small favour” (33). She insists that, as they are trying to catch Mr. Maloney’s killer, her husband would have wanted them to eat the lamb, which is now perfectly cooked. The policemen are persuaded, and Mary listens to them eat while she remains in the living room. Discussing the murder weapon, the men speculate that the man who killed Patrick Maloney must have used a weapon like “a sledgehammer” (33). The policemen agree that the murder weapon is most likely “right under [their] very noses” (34). In the living room, Mary laughs to herself.

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Lamb to the Slaughter

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The story begins with Mary Maloney faithfully waiting for her husband Patrick to come home from his job as a detective. Six months pregnant and happy in her marriage, she eagerly watches the clock while she sews. When Patrick arrives, she is ready to hang up his coat, prepare a drink for him, and sit in silence with him as he rests. For Mary, who is alone in the house during the day, this after-work ritual is one she looks forward to. However, as Mary attempts to care for her husband, Patrick brushes off her efforts, drinks more than usual, and declares that he has something to tell her. While a nervous Mary scrutinizes him, Patrick tells her that he is leaving her. Though the narrator leaves out the details, it becomes clear that Patrick still plans to take care of her financially but that their marriage is over. Mary, who is in disbelief, decides to act as if nothing has happened and fetches a frozen leg of lamb from the cellar to prepare their supper. When Patrick tells her not to bother and begins to leave, Mary suddenly swings the frozen meat at the back of Patrick’s head and kills him.

Once Mary realizes that her husband is dead, she thinks rapidly of how to protect herself and thus her unborn child from the penalty of murder. She puts the meat into the oven, and while it begins to cook, she practices her expression and voice, and then goes out to a nearby grocery store and chats amiably with Sam , the grocer, about what she needs to buy for her husband’s dinner. On her way home, she purposefully acts as if everything is normal, and then is shocked to “discover” Patrick’s body on the floor and begins to cry. Distraught, she calls the police, and two policemen, Jack Noonan and O’Malley , friends and colleagues of Patrick, arrive. Mary, maintaining her façade, claims that she went out to the store and came back to find Patrick dead. As other detectives arrive and ask her questions, her premeditated chat with Sam is revealed to be her alibi and she is able to elude suspicion.

The policemen sympathize with Mary and attempt to comfort her. Despite Sergeant Noonan’s offer to bring her elsewhere, Mary decides to stay in the house while the police search for the murder weapon. Jack Noonan reveals to Mary that the culprit probably used a blunt metal object and that finding the weapon will lead to the murderer. After nearly three fruitless hours of searching in and around the house for the weapon, the policemen are no closer to finding the murder weapon and never suspect that it could be the frozen meat cooking in the oven. Mary is able to persuade the tired, hungry, and frustrated policemen to drink some whiskey and eat the leg of lamb that by now has finished cooking. As the men eat the evidence in the kitchen, Mary eavesdrops from another room, giggling when one of the men theorizes that the murder weapon is “right under our very noses.”

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Home — Essay Samples — Literature — Lamb to The Slaughter — Lamb of the Slaughter’: Mary Maloney Character Analysis

Lamb of The Slaughter': Mary Maloney Character Analysis

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