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paraphrasing and summarising ppt

Microsoft 365 Life Hacks > Writing > The Difference Between Summarizing & Paraphrasing

The Difference Between Summarizing & Paraphrasing

Summarizing and paraphrasing are helpful ways to include source material in your work without piling on direct quotes. Understand the differences between these approaches and when to use each.

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Summarizing vs. Paraphrasing: The Biggest Differences

Though summarizing and paraphrasing are both tools for conveying information clearly and concisely, they help you achieve this in different ways. In general, the difference is rooted in the scale of the source material: To share an entire source at once, you summarize; to share a specific portion of a source (without quoting directly, of course), you paraphrase.

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What is Summarizing?

Summarizing is simplifying the content of a source to its main points in your own words. You literally sum up something, distill it down to its most essential parts. Summaries cover whole sources rather than a piece or pieces of a source and don’t include direct quotes or extraneous detail.

How to Summarize

  • Understand the original thoroughly. You may start by scanning the original material, paying close attention to headers and any in-text summaries, but once you’re sure that this source is something you’re going to use in your research paper , review it more thoroughly to gain appropriate understanding and comprehension.
  • Take notes of the main points. A bulleted list is appropriate here-note the main idea of each portion of the source material. Take note of key words or phrases around which you can build your summary list and deepen your understanding.
  • Build your summary. Don’t just use the list you’ve already created—this was a first draft . Craft complete sentences and logical progression from item to item. Double check the source material to ensure you’ve not left out any relevant points and trim anything extraneous. You can use a bulleted or numbered list here or write your summary as a paragraph if that’s more appropriate for your use. Make sure to follow the rules of parallelism if you choose to stay in list form.

What is Paraphrasing?

Paraphrasing is rephrasing something in your own words; the word comes from the Greek para -, meaning “beside” or “closely resembling”, 1 combined with “phrase,” which we know can mean a string of words or sentences. 2 Paraphrasing isn’t practical for entire sources—just for when you want to highlight a portion of a source.

How to Paraphrase

  • Read actively . Take notes, highlight or underline passages, or both if you please-whatever makes it easiest for you to organize the sections of the source you want to include in your work.
  • Rewrite and revise. For each area you’d like to paraphrase, take the time to rewrite it in your own words. Retain the meaning of the original text, but don’t copy it too closely; take advantage of a thesaurus to ensure you’re not relying too heavily on the source material.
  • Check your work and revise again as needed . Did you retain the meaning of the source material? Did you simplify the language of the source material? Did you differentiate your version enough? If not, try again.

Summarizing and paraphrasing are often used in tandem; you’ll likely find it appropriate to summarize an entire source and then paraphrase specific portions to support your summary. Using either approach for including sources requires appropriate citing, though, so ensure that you follow the correct style guide for your project and cite correctly.

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  • How to Paraphrase | Step-by-Step Guide & Examples

How to Paraphrase | Step-by-Step Guide & Examples

Published on April 8, 2022 by Courtney Gahan and Jack Caulfield. Revised on June 1, 2023.

Paraphrasing means putting someone else’s ideas into your own words. Paraphrasing a source involves changing the wording while preserving the original meaning.

Paraphrasing is an alternative to  quoting (copying someone’s exact words and putting them in quotation marks ). In academic writing, it’s usually better to integrate sources by paraphrasing instead of quoting. It shows that you have understood the source, reads more smoothly, and keeps your own voice front and center.

Every time you paraphrase, it’s important to cite the source . Also take care not to use wording that is too similar to the original. Otherwise, you could be at risk of committing plagiarism .

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paraphrasing and summarising ppt

Table of contents

How to paraphrase in five easy steps, how to paraphrase correctly, examples of paraphrasing, how to cite a paraphrase, paraphrasing vs. quoting, paraphrasing vs. summarizing, avoiding plagiarism when you paraphrase, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about paraphrasing.

If you’re struggling to get to grips with the process of paraphrasing, check out our easy step-by-step guide in the video below.

Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.

Putting an idea into your own words can be easier said than done. Let’s say you want to paraphrase the text below, about population decline in a particular species of sea snails.

Incorrect paraphrasing

You might make a first attempt to paraphrase it by swapping out a few words for  synonyms .

Like other sea creatures inhabiting the vicinity of highly populated coasts, horse conchs have lost substantial territory to advancement and contamination , including preferred breeding grounds along mud flats and seagrass beds. Their Gulf home is also heating up due to global warming , which scientists think further puts pressure on the creatures , predicated upon the harmful effects extra warmth has on other large mollusks (Barnett, 2022).

This attempt at paraphrasing doesn’t change the sentence structure or order of information, only some of the word choices. And the synonyms chosen are poor:

  • “Advancement and contamination” doesn’t really convey the same meaning as “development and pollution.”
  • Sometimes the changes make the tone less academic: “home” for “habitat” and “sea creatures” for “marine animals.”
  • Adding phrases like “inhabiting the vicinity of” and “puts pressure on” makes the text needlessly long-winded.
  • Global warming is related to climate change, but they don’t mean exactly the same thing.

Because of this, the text reads awkwardly, is longer than it needs to be, and remains too close to the original phrasing. This means you risk being accused of plagiarism .

Correct paraphrasing

Let’s look at a more effective way of paraphrasing the same text.

Here, we’ve:

  • Only included the information that’s relevant to our argument (note that the paraphrase is shorter than the original)
  • Introduced the information with the signal phrase “Scientists believe that …”
  • Retained key terms like “development and pollution,” since changing them could alter the meaning
  • Structured sentences in our own way instead of copying the structure of the original
  • Started from a different point, presenting information in a different order

Because of this, we’re able to clearly convey the relevant information from the source without sticking too close to the original phrasing.

Explore the tabs below to see examples of paraphrasing in action.

  • Journal article
  • Newspaper article
  • Magazine article
Source text Paraphrase
“The current research extends the previous work by revealing that to moral dilemmas could elicit a FLE [foreign-language effect] in highly proficient bilinguals. … Here, it has been demonstrated that hearing a foreign language can even influence moral decision making, and namely promote more utilitarian-type decisions” ( , p. 874). The research of Brouwer (2019, p. 874) suggests that the foreign-language effect can occur even among highly proficient bilinguals, influencing their moral decision making, when auditory (rather than written) prompting is given.
Source text Paraphrase
“The Environmental Protection Agency on Tuesday proposed to ban chrysotile asbestos, the most common form of the toxic mineral still used in the United States. … Chlorine manufacturers and companies that make vehicle braking systems and sheet gaskets still import chrysotile asbestos and use it to manufacture new products.

“The proposed rule would ban all manufacturing, processing, importation and commercial distribution of six categories of products containing chrysotile asbestos, which agency officials said would cover all of its current uses in the United States” ( ).

Chrysotile asbestos, which is used to manufacture chlorine, sheet gaskets, and braking systems, may soon be banned by the Environmental Protection Agency. The proposed ban would prevent it from being imported into, manufactured in, or processed in the United States (Phillips, 2022).
Source text Paraphrase
“The concept of secrecy might evoke an image of two people in conversation, with one person actively concealing from the other. Yet, such concealment is actually uncommon. It is far more common to ruminate on our secrets. It is our tendency to mind-wander to our secrets that seems most harmful to well-being. Simply thinking about a secret can make us feel inauthentic. Having a secret return to mind, time and time again, can be tiring. When we think of a secret, it can make us feel isolated and alone” ( ). Research suggests that, while keeping secrets from others is indeed stressful, this may have little to do with the act of hiding information itself. Rather, the act of ruminating on one’s secrets is what leads to feelings of fatigue, inauthenticity, and isolation (Slepian, 2019).

Once you have your perfectly paraphrased text, you need to ensure you credit the original author. You’ll always paraphrase sources in the same way, but you’ll have to use a different type of in-text citation depending on what citation style you follow.

(Brouwer, 2019, p. 874)
(Brouwer 874)
1. Susanne Brouwer, “The Auditory Foreign-Language Effect of Moral Decision Making in Highly Proficient Bilinguals,”  40, no. 10 (2019): 874. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2019.1585863.

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It’s a good idea to paraphrase instead of quoting in most cases because:

  • Paraphrasing shows that you fully understand the meaning of a text
  • Your own voice remains dominant throughout your paper
  • Quotes reduce the readability of your text

But that doesn’t mean you should never quote. Quotes are appropriate when:

  • Giving a precise definition
  • Saying something about the author’s language or style (e.g., in a literary analysis paper)
  • Providing evidence in support of an argument
  • Critiquing or analyzing a specific claim

A paraphrase puts a specific passage into your own words. It’s typically a similar length to the original text, or slightly shorter.

When you boil a longer piece of writing down to the key points, so that the result is a lot shorter than the original, this is called summarizing .

Paraphrasing and quoting are important tools for presenting specific information from sources. But if the information you want to include is more general (e.g., the overarching argument of a whole article), summarizing is more appropriate.

When paraphrasing, you have to be careful to avoid accidental plagiarism .

This can happen if the paraphrase is too similar to the original quote, with phrases or whole sentences that are identical (and should therefore be in quotation marks). It can also happen if you fail to properly cite the source.

Paraphrasing tools are widely used by students, and can be especially useful for non-native speakers who may find academic writing particularly challenging. While these can be helpful for a bit of extra inspiration, use these tools sparingly, keeping academic integrity in mind.

To make sure you’ve properly paraphrased and cited all your sources, you could elect to run a plagiarism check before submitting your paper. And of course, always be sure to read your source material yourself and take the first stab at paraphrasing on your own.

If you want to know more about ChatGPT, AI tools , citation , and plagiarism , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

  • ChatGPT vs human editor
  • ChatGPT citations
  • Is ChatGPT trustworthy?
  • Using ChatGPT for your studies
  • What is ChatGPT?
  • Chicago style
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 Plagiarism

  • Types of plagiarism
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  • Common knowledge

To paraphrase effectively, don’t just take the original sentence and swap out some of the words for synonyms. Instead, try:

  • Reformulating the sentence (e.g., change active to passive , or start from a different point)
  • Combining information from multiple sentences into one
  • Leaving out information from the original that isn’t relevant to your point
  • Using synonyms where they don’t distort the meaning

The main point is to ensure you don’t just copy the structure of the original text, but instead reformulate the idea in your own words.

Paraphrasing without crediting the original author is a form of plagiarism , because you’re presenting someone else’s ideas as if they were your own.

However, paraphrasing is not plagiarism if you correctly cite the source . This means including an in-text citation and a full reference, formatted according to your required citation style .

As well as citing, make sure that any paraphrased text is completely rewritten in your own words.

Plagiarism means using someone else’s words or ideas and passing them off as your own. Paraphrasing means putting someone else’s ideas in your own words.

So when does paraphrasing count as plagiarism?

  • Paraphrasing is plagiarism if you don’t properly credit the original author.
  • Paraphrasing is plagiarism if your text is too close to the original wording (even if you cite the source). If you directly copy a sentence or phrase, you should quote it instead.
  • Paraphrasing  is not plagiarism if you put the author’s ideas completely in your own words and properly cite the source .

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To present information from other sources in academic writing , it’s best to paraphrase in most cases. This shows that you’ve understood the ideas you’re discussing and incorporates them into your text smoothly.

It’s appropriate to quote when:

  • Changing the phrasing would distort the meaning of the original text
  • You want to discuss the author’s language choices (e.g., in literary analysis )
  • You’re presenting a precise definition
  • You’re looking in depth at a specific claim

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If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Gahan, C. & Caulfield, J. (2023, June 01). How to Paraphrase | Step-by-Step Guide & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved September 4, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/working-with-sources/how-to-paraphrase/

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PARAPHRASING AND SUMMARIZING

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PARAPHRASING AND SUMMARIZING

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PARAPHRASE & SUMMARIZE. Paraphrase paraphrase --> express someone else's ideas in your own language A restatement of a text in another form or other words.

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Quoting, Paraphrasing and Summarizing

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Quoting, Paraphrasing and Summarizing. An Introduction Get out paper to take notes title it the above. Notes format. Question and Answer “T-chart” Copy the question and the most important information for your answer. What’s the difference?.

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Quoting, Paraphrasing and Summarizing An Introduction Get out paper to take notes title it the above

Notes format • Question and Answer “T-chart” • Copy the question and the most important information for your answer.

What’s the difference? • Quotationsmust be exactly like the original. They must match the source document word for word and must reference where you got your information from • Paraphrasinginvolves putting a passage from source material into your own words while keeping some of what the author wrote. must reference where you got your information from. Paraphrased material is usually shorter than the original passage and make some general statements and specific statements about your topic. • Summarizinginvolves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(s). must reference where you got your information from. Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a broad overview of the source material.

Why should I use them? • Makes your information trustworthy or “credible.” • Think of the analogy of Bubba. SUPPORTING RESEARCH INFORMATION TOPIC BEING DICUSSED

How do I start? • Read the entire text, noting the key points and main ideas. • Summarize in your own words what the single main idea of the essay is. • Paraphrase important supporting points that come up in the essay. • Highlight any words, phrases, or brief passages that you believe should be quoted directly

How do I paraphrase? Paraphrasing 6 Steps to Effective Paraphrasing • 1. Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning. • 2. Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on a note card. • 3. Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision using this material. At the top of the note card, write a key word or phrase to indicate the subject of your paraphrase. • 4. Check your rendition with the original to make sure that your version accurately expresses all the essential information in a new form. • 5. Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the source. • 6. Record the source (including the page) on your note card so that you can credit it easily if you decide to incorporate the material into your paper.

Example of Paraphrasing As discussed in the biography on PBS’s American Experience web page, sharpshooter Annie Oakley lived through a period of many liberating changes for women, from the Victorian era through the first quarter of the 20th century. Examples include voting rights for women as well as the freedom to wear comfortable and practical clothing (Annie Oakley). Include on your Works Cited page: “Annie Oakley: In a Man’s World.” American Experience. 2006. PBS Online. 19 May 2008. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/oakley/sfeature/sf_excerpts.h ml>.

Summarizing To summarize • Record the author, title, year of publication and source of the text. • Skim the text. Note any sub-headings, or try to divide the text into sections. • Read the text carefully. Use a dictionary if necessary, and be prepared to read very difficult texts more than once. • Pay special attention to the first and last paragraphs. Try to identify the main idea or argument. • Identify the topic sentence in each paragraph. • Identify the main support for the topic sentence. • Write the topic sentence of your summary. Include the author’s name, the title of the text, the year of publication and the author’s main idea or argument

Example of Summarizing Sharpshooter Annie Oakley lived through the first quarter of the 20th century and fought for voting rights for women as well as the freedom to wear comfortable and practical clothing (Annie Oakley, PBS 2006). Include on your Works Cited page: “Annie Oakley: In a Man’s World.” American Experience. 2006. PBS Online. 19 May 2008. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/oakley/sfeature/sf_excerpts.h ml>.

Quoting • Steps to quote a source • Read the text • Find the passage you want to use • Copy the passage you want to use • Place quotation marks around what you want to quote • Reference your source by citing the information.

Example of Direct Quote “In some urban classrooms, children arrive without any notion of sharing behavior. If they have grown up as street survivors, without strong early mediation for sharing, they may come to school ready to do battle to the death” (Rodriguez and Bellanca 135).

Example of Paraphrased Citation To cite, we use the author’s last name of the “book” or Company that made the website, and the “page number” or year published. • For example: In the text of your paper: • The first gambling Web site appeared in 1995, and online gambling has since become the most lucrative Internet business (Will 92). • or,George Will reported that in 2002 Internet gambling surpassed other website content to become the Internet's most lucrative business (92). • In your Works Cited list: Will, George F. "Electronic Morphine." Newsweek 25 Nov. 2002: 92.

What would the in-text citation be? From a Book • Kreider, Jan F., ed. Handbook of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. Boca Raton: CRC, 1993. From a Website • Felluga, Dino. Guide to Literary and Critical Theory. Purdue U, 28 Nov. 2003. Web. 10 May 2006.

Bibliography and Image Source Page • Your bibliography should look like the next slide. • You Images used page should look like the next slide also. • It should be in alphabetical order.

Bibliography Fleming, Carolyn. “Creating a bibliography.” [Powerpoint]. Arlington, VA, 2008. Oregon State Library and Information Services.Citation examples. 18 Nov 2005.<www.oslis.edu> Smith, Edward. “How to ride a bike.” World Book online. Web. 20 Nov. 2005 Variousimages. Microsoft clipart. 21 Apr 2009Victoria Shanghai Academy. “What is a bibliography?” [Powerpoint]. Hong Kong, 2007.

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Summarizing, Paraphrasing, Quoting

Summarizing, Paraphrasing, Quoting

Summarizing, Paraphrasing, Quoting. Summarizing – Condensing the author's words or ideas without altering the meaning or providing interpretation—you use your own words for this. Basically, presenting the original information in a nutshell. Always cite it .

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Paraphrasing, summarizing and quoting

Paraphrasing, summarizing and quoting. Rukmaryadi 2012. Paraphrasing “ A paraphrase is a translation, restatement or rewording “. Untuk tidak mencontoh / menciplak hasil tulisan atau perkataan orang lain perlu kita mempelajari bagaimana cara membuat paraphrasing

762 views • 17 slides

Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing

Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing. Analytical and Rhetorical Writing Matt Barton. Sources and Ethos. Part of the college experience is learning how to discover information on your own.

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Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing

Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE THREE WAYS OF INCORPORATING OTHER WRITERS' WORK INTO YOUR OWN WRITING?. What is plagiarism?

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Quoting, Paraphrasing and Summarizing

PLEASE note that the SOURCE for this presentation is: http://bbrook.k12.nj.us/74242082611401233/lib/74242082611401233/_files/Quoting,_Paraphrasing_and_Summarizing.ppt. Quoting, Paraphrasing and Summarizing. An Introduction. What’s the difference?.

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Quoting, Paraphrasing and Summarizing

195 views • 15 slides

IMAGES

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    paraphrasing and summarising ppt

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    paraphrasing and summarising ppt

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    paraphrasing and summarising ppt

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    paraphrasing and summarising ppt

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    paraphrasing and summarising ppt

VIDEO

  1. Using Sources & Paraphrasing.mp4

  2. Introduction paraphrasing by TeacherMardon #ieltswriting #introduction #paraphrasing

  3. SKILL OF PARAPHRASING

  4. || 4th Semester English || Paraphrasing and summarising||

  5. Summarising and paraphrasing with PIXAR

  6. Elements of Academic Writing: Quoting, Paraphrasing, Summarising, Critical Analysis

COMMENTS

  1. PPTX Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing

    PARAPHRASING. Involves putting a passage from source material into your own words. Paraphrased material must also be attributed to the source. A paraphrase is usually shorter than the original passage. SUMMARIZING. Involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main points. Summaries must also be attributed to the source.

  2. PDF Principles of Paraphrasing

    Quoting, Summarizing, & Paraphrasing • There are three ways to represent the work or ideas of another author in your writing: - You canYou can quote the authorthe author - You can summarize the author's point or findings - You can paraphrase the author's text • When you quote a text you need to follow different rules from when you ...

  3. Summarizing and Paraphrasing Powerpoint

    Summarizing and Paraphrasing Powerpoint; Summarizing and Paraphrasing Powerpoint Learn how to summarize by taking notes and finding main ideas. Learn how to paraphrase by finding key words and rewriting in your own words. To print or download this file, click the link below:

  4. Summarizing

    Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting The Writing Connection… Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting You can borrow from the works of other writers as you research. As a good writer, you should summarize, paraphrase and quote to blend source materials in with your own. But you should make sure your own voice is heard! Quotations…

  5. Quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing

    Create KEYWORDS of the main ideas. Explain the author's idea, in your own words. Double check your account of the author's idea against the original. Cite your source! (Henderson 26). 8 Summarizing is... Reading over a longer text (chapter, article, story) Writing the main idea or points *Cite your summary.

  6. Paraphrasing and Summarizing

    Paraphrasing Paraphrasing is a writing skills in which you re-write information from an outside source in your own words without changing its meaning. When paraphrasing: Don't copy the original sentence Don't use too many of the original words Don't change the meaning of the original sentence Don't leave out important information Paraphrasing methods : Use different words with the same ...

  7. PPT

    Presentation Transcript. Paraphrasing and Summarizing Prof. Myrna Monllor English 112. Paraphrasing • Stating/Transforming ideas that you have read into your own words • Being able to paraphrase demonstrates that you have understood what you have read • You should always cite the original source of the information.

  8. How to Paraphrase and Summarize Work

    How to Paraphrase and Summarize Work - Summing Up ...

  9. PARAPHRASING AND SUMMARISING

    13 Advantages of using paraphrase…. Paraphrasing enables you to express another writer's ideas in a way which more closely supports your own argument Paraphrasing enables you to express another's ideas and views more concisely. 14 Source text: Governments have interests in companies for a variety of reasons.

  10. PPT

    Summarizing and Paraphrasing Assignment • 1. Read the article " The NCAA Weekend's Biggest Winner" • 2. On a separate sheet of paper, apply what you have learned about DIRECT QUOTES, SUMMARIZING, AND PARAPHRASING. Requirements: • Summarize the entire article • Within your summary, use quotation marks to paraphrase material from ...

  11. The Difference Between Summarizing & Paraphrasing

    Paraphrasing is rephrasing something in your own words; the word comes from the Greek para -, meaning "beside" or "closely resembling", 1 combined with "phrase," which we know can mean a string of words or sentences. 2 Paraphrasing isn't practical for entire sources—just for when you want to highlight a portion of a source.

  12. How to Paraphrase

    How to Paraphrase | Step-by-Step Guide & Examples

  13. PARAPHRASING AND SUMMARIZING

    Quoting, Paraphrasing and Summarizing: An Overview When conducting research and generating a research paper, students must be able to use and attribute. Using Outside Sources Correctly and Effectively 1)Summary, Paraphrase, Direct Quote 2)Steps in Paraphrasing 3)Using Outside Sources Within Your Writing.

  14. PDF Paraphrasing and Summarising

    Paraphrasing and Summarising Writing information in your own words is a highly acceptable way to include the ideas of other people in your writing. There are two ways you can do this: paraphrasing and summarising. It is very important, however, to paraphrase and summarise correctly because there is a fine balance between acceptable and unacceptable

  15. Summarizing and Paraphrasing Powerpoint

    Summarizing and Paraphrasing Powerpoint. Summarizing and Paraphrasing Powerpoint Learn how to summarize by taking notes and finding main ideas. Learn how to paraphrase by finding key words and rewriting in your own words.

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    Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting. Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting. The building blocks of using your research to the fullest. Summarizing Paraphrasing Quoting Analysis/Relevance When a piece of research comes up in your essay, you will often give it this 4-step treatment to ensure that your research has a purpose. 253 views • 0 ...