knowledge economy phd thesis pdf

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'Knowledge as development' - a critique of the knowledge economy

The aim of this thesis is to provide a theoretical critique of the Knowledge Economy discourse, the dominant discourse in which development is equated with the economic exploitation of knowledge. The nature of the critique is political in the sense that the problem with 'building a knowledge economy' as a model for development is that the accounts (such as they are) of how to go about doing so seem fatally undermined by their neglect of questions of power and politics – questions which thi...

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Kartheek R. Balapala Research Scholar, School of Post Graduate Studies, Africa Research University, Lusaka, Zambia

Kartheek R. Balapala is unique research scholar in Master’s degree program in education by research at Africa Research University, Zambia. He is currently a lecturer at the Copperbelt University, Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, Zambia. His research interests span postural changes in blood pressure and correlation with mental distress, mental health among graduate students and impact on behaviour.

ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-2405-5105

John Volk Research Supervisor, School of Post Graduate Studies, Africa Research University, Lusaka, Zambia

Dr. John Volk is currently Professor of Research, at Africa Research University, Zambia. He is a globally renowned researcher with an ability to look at things from different perspectives.

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ADVANCING KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY THROUGH EDUCATION AND RESEARCH SKILLS

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Hasgall, A., Saenen, B., Borrell-Damian, L., Van Deynze, F., Seeber, M., & Huisman, J. (2019). Doctoral education in Europe today: approaches and institutional structures. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED593482

Kofi, Dickson & Ocansey, Wiredu & Xu, Zhiwei & Zhang, Xu & Xu, Wenrong & Qian, Hui & Mao, Fei & Kofi Wiredu Ocansey, Dickson. (2021). Current and Emerging Medical Education Teaching Methods - Keeping up with the Evolving Medical Sciences. Revista de Educación (Madrid). 392. 52-104.

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Orer H. S., Sulaieva O. N. (2017). ORPHEUS institutional survey on responsible research, proceedings of twelfth ORPHEUS conference: PhD training in health sciences and biomedicine from the interdisciplinary perspective, Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania, p. 23.

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The Professional Doctorate: Its Relativity to the PhD and Relevance for the Knowledge Economy

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Contemporary trends in professional doctorates, the practice of professional doctorates, professional doctorates in management: toward a practice-based approach to doctoral education, practice of professional doctorates 1 the practice of professional doctorates : the case of a uk-based distance dba, industrial doctorate: a case study of doctor of engineering in the united kingdom, developing professional hr practice and teaching in the university sector, work-based research degrees: systematic cultivation through a university–industry network space, one university's approach to defining and supporting professional doctorates, the design of doctorate curricula for practising professionals, defining and supporting professional doctorates in higher education, 13 references, spanning the academy-practice divide with doctoral education in business.

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PhD Thesis: Knowledge management during an economic crisis: The case of Greek firms

Knowledge management is a concept which has emerged during the previous years. The present thesis aims to explore knowledge management in relation to the economic crisis using the case of Greek firms. For that purpose a sample of 120 employees was selected from firms in various sectors, and an additional 11 managers and employees were interviewed. The results of the research indicate that employees have an overall positive perception over knowledge management but there are some issues, mostly having to do with corporate culture and the lack of use of state-of-the-art KM information systems. However, knowledge management can be a vehicle of development for firms that seek to exit from the economic crisis. Hence, firms should not allow the economic crisis to drive them into reductions of knowledge management programs and strategies, but instead should focus on utilizing knowledge management so as to improve their performance

Related Papers

Nikos Katsiadakis , Albena Antonova

Knowledge Management (ΚΜ) is a new scientific discipline, and has found a special attention among the academic and the business community during the last decades. The main reason is that knowledge became an important factor for economic development and a strategic resource of enterprises and organizations for gaining competitive advantages. The present paper presents the main results of studies carried out in enterprises and organizations in Greece and Bulgaria. The study conducted in Bulgaria was supported by TRAINMOR-KNOWMORE project within the Leonardo Da Vinci program of the European Commission while the Greek survey was supported by the project DIORGONOSI, within the framework of Operational Program Competitiveness, General Secretariat for Research & Technology, Ministry of Development. The paper outlines on first place the methodology of the study conducted with the support of several management executives, workers and employees. It is based on the findings of a literature rev...

Panagiotis Kyriazopoulos

Muhammad Saqib

Knowledge is the currency of today's economy and the crux of knowledge management, which in turn the lifeline of modern-day organizations. It has been used since 1990s as a tool to achieve sustainable competitive advantages and greater performance, and now, it is becoming an essential asset to sustain organizational competitive advantages and a vehicle for continuous progress and innovation. It is every organization's objective to be able to grow and progress whether it is an SME or a large enterprise so to ensure that there is return on investment of the shareholders and this objective can be met through sustainable superior organizational performance. There are many determinants that may influence organizational performance operating in the current economy but one that is being increasingly recognized as vital is knowledge management. This article has two objectives: The first is to provide an overview of knowledge management and highlight the importance of this field of practice, and the second is to provide few case studies of the successful implementation of knowledge management from different industries. Thus, we will further explore the notion that knowledge management positively impacts organizational performance through the analysis of a number of case studies where knowledge management is being practiced. We will start by highlighting the general interpretation of organizations, the current economy within which they are operating, the concept of knowledge management and how it may be used within organizations. This will be followed by an analysis of cases of knowledge management being practiced and the impact it has had on the overall performances, and finally present our argument that suggest knowledge management positively impacts organizational performances.

Dr. Chris Mantas

Abstract The concept of Learning Organisation (LO) has become a key theme for organisations operating in turbulent working environments. During the past years, there is a growing tendency by contemporary organisations adopting Knowledge Management (KM) approaches to produce core competencies. Just like the similarities and differences that both LO and KM may have, academics and practitioners shift their focus on the positive side of the aforementioned concepts. However, the present paper discusses a range of potential negative consequences, such as the concept of organisational conflict, that the adoption of LO and KM might bring into surface. This paper aims to serve as a critical pilot study for examining the conditions under which Greek-based enterprises implement the concepts of LO and KM in their working practices. Through the conduction of in-depth interviews with twenty executives and managers working in Greek-based enterprises, the authors scrutinize three issues. Primarily, this study explores the interviewees’ lack of knowledge and understanding regarding the concepts of LO and KM. Secondly, the authors aim to recognize to what extent the adoption of the aforementioned concepts are influenced by the Greek societal values. Finally, based on the subjects’ responses, this pilot study critically discusses the general belief that LO and KM are just an excuse for downsizing and for altering power relations within an organisation. Keywords: Knowledge Management, Learning Organisation, Conflict, Criticism

John Garrick

Abstract: This paper draws on Jean-François Lyotard’s (1984) seminal study The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge to reflect on two macro-level catastrophes: the global financial crisis (GFC) of 2009 (and its continuing effects throughout the Eurozone and elsewhere) and Fukushima. These two case studies probe aspects of these grand failures to reveal serious deficiencies in integrity at work, the changing nature of contemporary working relationships, knowledge management and fashionable new approaches to organisational learning. The paper draws upon Lyotard’s ‘performativity theory’ to examine how people in commercial enterprises may often define ‘knowledge’, how this is transferred and how, in turn, managing this knowledge affects working relationships, learning and change.

Journal of Knowledge Management

Satyendra Singh

http://mmm-gi.blogspot.com/p/no3year-2013.html

Anita Cucovic , Geo - See

Abstract:It is an undisputed fact that this is the age of knowledge and a time of constant changes which are unpredictable. The globalisation trends and ever increasing networking of economy, information, technology, management (…) give rise to intellectual and group knowledge, namely to intellectual capital as the nonmaterial part of an organisation’s capital. Formal education is not sufficient, and further training is required in line with contemporary requirements which the market imposes, in addition to it not providing development of personal skills which are necessary in everyday management, and which in synergy with professional knowledge provide for the proper results. Today, knowledge represents the most important capital of an enterprise, and it is necessary to develop an efficient and effective system of managing this resource, as it is that in particular which provides greater productivity, innovation, more qualitative performance of business activities, and provides competitive advantage. In previous periods the emphasis within organisations was on technology and technological changes, while today, in the age of knowledge technology continues to be important, but only as a product of internal engagement of intellectual capacities. Therefore, this imposes the fact that only through successful knowledge management enterprises are able to successfully manage their business.

Edlira Margilaj

The fast pace of globalization and technological progress has dramatically changed market conditions and competition strategies. In present-day society based on knowledge, or "knowledge - based society", the amount of knowledge in use has increased considerably and it has produced many challenges for its (knowledge) control and management. Knowledge Management - KM is becoming nowadays one of the most significant practices of companies in developed countries aiming at the increase of profits and competitive advantages. For a successful implementation of Knowledge Management, it is important the identification of barriers or critical factors which affect the success of the KM process. Most of these factors belong to human department. The purpose of this study is to investigate the recognition and implementation of Knowledge Management in business organizations in Albania, as well as to reveal some of the barriers and critical success factors of KM in such organizations. In ...

Bhojaraju Gunjal

Journal of Organizational Change Management

John Edwards

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The value of the phd in a knowledge-based economy: beyond financial and career gains.

Europe of Knowledge | 11 March 2014

Higher education and research have come to the forefront of international debates about economic growth. There has been a growing consensus among policy-makers that post-industrial society requires more highly-educated people with technical and professional skills in a knowledge-based economy. Doctoral education has become of paramount significance in a world where knowledge becomes the new ‘fuel’, the ultimate economic renewable to economic growth leading to a knowledge-based economy (Brinkley, 2006; Leadbeater, 1999). While there is still no consensus on the relationship between human capital and economic growth, PhD holders who have accumulated substantial human capital through education have been identified as ‘one of the key actors behind the creation of knowledge-based economic growth’ (Auriol et al., 2010, p.13).

From the individual perspective, investment in doctoral education is rather costly – in terms of fees, subsistence and foregone earnings – and lengthy. Considering that individuals might yield less returns to doctoral investment compared to a Master’s degree in some subjects [i] (see O’Leary and Sloane, 2005) and also the increasing criticism that the doctorate has received by the media in terms of career prospects and doctoral attrition (FP, 2013; The Economist, 2010), it is important to identify and highlight benefits that doctoral experience entails beyond financial and career returns for the PhD graduates and a broader knowledge-based economy.

Limited information exists about the value of the PhD for the individuals beyond pecuniary terms. Raddon and Sung (2009) have remarked the deficiency of information on the personal value of the doctorate together with the social and cultural impact of studying at this level in order to highlight the impact of PhD graduates. In their synthesis review of career choices and impact of PhD graduates in the UK they wrote: ‘..we still lack in-depth examinations of some complex areas including: In-depth examination of the direct impact of PhD graduates in the workplace and the ‘value added’ of employing these individuals; …Close study of the personal impact and value of the PhD, particularly over the long run’  (Raddon and Sung, 2009, p.iv)

Among the research objectives of my PhD project (Tzanakou, 2012) was to examine the benefits and impact that the PhD had on Greek PhD graduates [ii] from both UK and Greek universities in their early career paths. This was a mixed methods research project including an online survey (244 responses [iii] ) and 26 semi structured follow up interviews with a subsample of the respondents [iv] .

Enhancing transferrable skills

PhD holders identified further benefits of doctoral education beyond acquiring specialised knowledge. Such benefits include a set of transferrable skills: problem-solving, critical reasoning, thinking in-depth and from different angles and perspectives. While these skills were emphasised by most respondents irrespective of the current workplace employment, those in non-academic settings were more likely than their counterparts in academia to report that the PhD – and mainly these skills developed during the PhD – enabled them to make a difference in the workplace.

This seems contradicting but it might not be. Doctorate holders can be innovative individually but might not be able to make a difference in the academic setting being at an early career stage in universities that are resistant to change. In contrast, in non-academic employment where a more diversified workforce in terms of qualification levels can be expected, the PhD experience was perceived as added value in distinguishing oneself from colleagues. For example, a PhD graduate, working in a Greek Ministry reported that the PhD had helped him to be more critical and use research skills to fulfil tasks compared to non-PhD graduates. Respondents working in the private sector also emphasised how their ability to think from different perspectives and solve problems during their PhD were points that made them differentiate from their counterparts.

The interviewees felt that they provided added value and their advanced abilities were recognised and appeciated in non-academic workplaces. This suggests that there were wider benefits for employers entailed by deploying such highly qualified personnel, suggesting reputation enhancement and knowledge spill overs through the diversity of personnel.

Social impact of the PhD

The social impact the PhD had on the respondents could be decomposed in three ways: a) development of social skills (communication, presentation), b) accessing professional networks and building personal relationships and c) societal recognition. During the PhD period, PhD candidates find themselves involved into teaching undergraduates and postgraduate students, presenting their research to colleagues and different audiences and networking during conferences and academic events. These activities enhanced interpersonal and communication skills of respondents and facilitated them in becoming a member of highly esteemed networks that were considered invaluable for social and professional life beyond the PhD.

When respondents were asked about the impact and benefits of the PhD, all female respondents referred to social relationships reporting how during the PhD they met their partners and very good friends and how they boosted collaboration and cooperation with colleagues. From a less positive perspective, they perceived the PhD as an activity that limited their leisure time and the ability to socialise beyond the academic community. Only two men working abroad shared a similar concern about limited opportunities to make a family and reconcile academic career with living near to family and friends. Interestingly, a small number of male respondents – who were working in the Greek private sector – reported that the PhD provided high status to societal circles possibly because the PhD is not a degree often required in the private sector as illustrated in the example below:

‘For example in some social circles, I believe it is considered as an advantage, let’s say as social status […] when they introduce you somewhere, it is mentioned that you have also done this.’

Personal development

Participants highlighted personal development gains through their PhD, such as maturity and independence. In addition, they reported further development of perseverance, persistence, time management and organizational skills among others. These skills were utilised not only in the workplace but also in their everyday lives. For example, respondents reported how a purchase of a domestic appliance was often completed after extensive research and increased scrutiny and how they thought methodically even about bureaucratic processes (e.g. completing and submitting documents to public services) in order to optimise time and effort involved.

In addition, personal satisfaction in their doctoral achievement, self-awareness and self-actualisation through meeting their professional aspirations and performing self-fulfilling employment roles were also reported as invaluable aspects of pursuing this qualification.

To sum up, research has been pre-occupied with the returns of doctoral degrees in financial terms but there is limited information about the impact of the PhD beyond these terms. This research provides examples of PhD gains and impact in terms of transferrable skills, social life and personal development. In this way, it is shown that PhD graduates in their reflective accounts identify a plethora of different benefits, which reflect the unique and individualised experience of a doctoral degree.

It should be mentioned though that these findings are limited to Greek PhD graduates in their early career paths and larger scale research is required to get a better understanding of the PhD incorporating ideally the perspectives of other stakeholders (employers, colleagues, etc) beyond self-perceptions of PhD graduates.

Dr. Charikleia Tzanakou is a Research Fellow, University of Warwick, UK. She is interested in transitions of higher education to the labour market, academic careers and gender.

This entry was later reposted by University World News .

Anonymous. 2010. The Disposable Academic. The Economist . December 16

Auriol, L. (2010). Careers of Doctorate Holders: Employment and Mobility Patterns. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, No. 2010/4. [Online] Available drom: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5kmh8phxvvf5-en. [Accessed 03/03/2014].

Brinkley I. 2006. Defining the knowledge economy . Knowledge economy programme report. The work foundation.

Drezner D. 2013. Should you get a PhD. Foreign Policy . April 15.

Leadbeater, C. 1999. Living on thin air , London: Viking, Penguin

O’Leary, N. C.  and Sloane P.J. 2005. The return to a university education in Great Britain. National Institute Economic Review , 193(1), 75–89.

Raddon, A. & Sung, J. 2009. The career choices and impact of PhD graduates in the UK: A Synthesis Review .

Tzanakou C. 2012 Beyond the PhD: the significance of boundaries in the early careers of highly qualified Greek scientists and engineers . PhD Thesis, University of Warwick.

Walker, I. & Zhu, Y. 2010. Differences by degree: Evidence of the net financial rates of return to undergraduate study for England and Wales, Discussion paper series // Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit, No. 5254

[i] For example, a Masters in Engineering and Technology (7.76%) provided a greater premium rather than a PhD (4.97%).

[ii] Doctoral education in Greece, in contrast to European countries, has maintained the master-apprenticeship model and seems not to have been influenced by doctoral reforms in Europe, which aimed at improving the quality of PhD studies. This supervision model along with the limited funding available for doctoral studentships and the absence of a regulatory framework are included among the main reasons that lead Greek PhD candidates either to dropout or to prolong their degree compared to those in the UK.

[iii] The profile of the survey respondents is summarised as following: 80% of the respondents completed their PhD in Greece, 20% in the UK, 75% men, 25% were women, more than 75% were 30-40 years old.

[iv] There is no comprehensive database of this population with contact information readily available, so a database of Greek PhD graduates in natural sciences and engineering from Greek and UK universities was developed for the purposes of this research. The data for Greek-educated PhD holders was derived from the National Documentation Centre which holds approximately 80% of doctoral theses. Due to the Data Protection Act, in terms of UK universities, Alumni centres and societies of foreign-educated Greek graduates forwarded and promoted the survey on behalf of the researcher. By those means, doctoral graduates were contacted to participate in an online survey to collect data on their PhD experience and transition to the labour market, achieving 244 responses. Unfortunately, it was difficult to identify Greek PhD graduates who completed their studies in the UK, thus only 50 of these had been UK-educated

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Understanding knowledge hiding and establishing the effects of power on knowledge sharing and hiding

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Distribution of Environmental Responsibility in Apparel Supply Networks: Arriving at Industry Perspectives

--> Vater, Jacqueline Jasmin (2023) Distribution of Environmental Responsibility in Apparel Supply Networks: Arriving at Industry Perspectives. PhD thesis, University of Leeds.

Stark warnings concerning the current and predicted impacts of the climate crisis have driven an industry-wide discussion on the distribution of environmental responsibility within the apparel sector. Identifying, addressing, and phasing out the impacts associated with the production of apparel hold great potential to mitigate the effects of climate change. Despite general agreement on the apparel sector’s obligations to address environmental impacts, the distribution of this responsibility between focal firms and suppliers has caused uncertainty within the industry and disagreement within academic literature. While focal firms have come to be regarded as a main actor responsible for addressing environmental impacts within supply networks, little is known about the suitability of this approach. This study investigates focal firms’, suppliers’, and stakeholders’ scopes of perceived and expected responsibility. Frameworks are then developed to map out focal firms’ and suppliers’ areas of responsibility, whilst the factors motivating, enabling or hindering industry participants in addressing these areas are presented. By applying a constructivist grounded theory approach and conducting interviews with industry actors, the diverse landscape of focal firms and suppliers is revealed, ultimately showing that no one actor has the ability or capacity to address environmental responsibility by themselves. Despite this, it is found that focal firms do have the potential to improve their responsibility performance by increasing supply network transparency, acquiring internal knowledge on environmental impacts arising upstream, and moving away from business models primarily geared towards increasing profitability. Suppliers, in contrast, were shown to face obstacles of a systemic nature, including power asymmetries with focal firms. Further barriers to focal firms and suppliers operating responsibly were associated with the capitalist economic system. Amid the complexity of distributing environmental responsibility, a collaborative approach to responsibility was ultimately found to be a necessary component in any attempt to improve sectoral management of environmental responsibility.

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