torque speed characteristics of dc shunt motor experiment

• Electrical and Electronics Job Interview Questions and Answers
• Multiple Choice Questions with Answers (MCQs)
• Comparisons in Electrical and Electronics

Speed Torque Characteristic DC Shunt Motor:

The preceding discussion shows that armature voltage variation gives creeping speeds. The simple rheostatic method provides a Speed Torque Characteristic DC Shunt Motor with little hardness and little stability. Ward Leonard control (smooth variation of voltage), on the other hand, produces a flat characteristic with reasonable hardness and stability, but high initial cost. A simple method with low initial cost, to obtain crawling speeds with sufficient hardness, is depicted in Fig. 1.8. The conventional rheostatic control with a resistance in series with the armature is modified by shunting the armature with a low resistance. By varying the values of series and shunt resistances the speed-torque characteristics can be made to have any desired shape.

In the simple rheostatic control using only a series resistance , the voltage across the armature at no-load is V. The no-load speed is decided by V, whatever be the value of R s . If the armature is shunted by R sh  the voltage across the armature becomes less than V even at no load. The no-load speed decreases to the desired value with proper values of R s and R sh . The smaller the value of R sh , the lesser is the voltage across the armature at no-load. Eventually, the no-load speed decreases. The value of R sh is also effective in making the characteristic flat.

Using these equations we have

Also from Eqs (1.8) and (1.7)

Using these relations in Eq. (1.6) we have

Substituting for / a in terms of T d we have

The speed-torque characteristic is shown in Fig. 1.9. The following points are clear from the figure:

Smaller the value of R sh , smaller is this value. The slope also decreases if R sh  is small. The hardness is thus improved and stable operation is assured when compared to simple rheostatic control.

2. Smoothness of speed control depends on how R sh  and R s are varied. The speed control is stepped, as the resistances can be varied in a stepped mariner.

3. Speeds below base speed are possible. The no-load speed itself changes following variations in R sh.  A sharp drop in the no-load speed may be observed when R sh  is decreased. Speed control is achieved by varying the value of R s . The method is equivalent to making the field stronger and gives results similar to those obtained by increasing the field current at a given armature current.

4. The method is suitable for constant torque loads, so that the armature current is at its rated value.

5. The method is suitable if accurate stopping is

6. It is not economical for continuous operation. The losses in R sh  and R s make the system inefficient. The method can be employed if stable creeping speeds are required for short periods.

Related posts:

• Speed Torque Characteristic of Separately Excited DC Motor
• Speed Torque Characteristics of DC Series Motor
• Speed Torque Characteristics of Series Motor
• Speed Torque Characteristics of DC Compound Motor
• Torque Speed Characteristics of Induction Motor
• Electric Motor Speed Torque Characteristics
• Field Control Method of DC Shunt Motor
• DC Shunt Motor Starter Design
• Three Phase AC Shunt Commutator Motor
• Torque Equation of Synchronous Motor
• Torque Slip Characteristics of Induction Motor
• Torque Equation of DC Motor
• Torque Equation of Motor Load System
• External Characteristics of DC Shunt Generator
• Bus Impedance Matrix Method for Analysis of Unsymmetrical Shunt Faults
• What is Shunt Compensation in Power System?
• Low Ohmic Shunt
• Shunt Clipping Circuits
• Series and Shunt Compensation of Transmission Lines
• Current Shunt Feedback Amplifier Circuit

Speed Torque Characteristics of DC Motor (Shunt & Series)

Speed-torque characteristics of dc shunt motor.

The speed-torque characteristics of DC shunt motor are also known as mechanical characteristics. They can be obtained from torque-current and speed-current characteristics of DC shunt motor.

The expression for back e.m.f in a DC motor is given by,

\[{{E}_{b}}={{k}_{a}}\phi N\text{     }\left[ {{k}_{a}}=\frac{ZP}{60A} \right]…(1)\]

Also, we have,

\[{{E}_{b}}=V-{{I}_{a}}{{R}_{a}}…(2)\]

On equating equations (1) and (2), we get,

\[{{k}_{a}}\phi N=V-{{I}_{a}}{{R}_{a}}\]

\[N=\frac{1}{{{k}_{a}}\phi }\left[ V-{{I}_{a}}{{R}_{a}} \right]…(3)\]

The expression for torque of a DC motor is given by,

\[T={{k}_{a}}\phi {{I}_{a}}\]

\[{{I}_{a}}=\frac{T}{{{k}_{a}}\phi }\]

Substituting the above value of I a in equation (3), we get,

\[N=\frac{1}{{{k}_{a}}\phi }\left[ V-\left( \frac{T}{{{k}_{a}}\phi } \right){{R}_{a}} \right]\]

\[N=\frac{V}{{{k}_{a}}\phi }-\frac{T{{R}_{a}}}{{{({{k}_{a}}\phi )}^{2}}}…(4)\]

As the torque in a DC motor increases, flux (ϕ) decreases. This is because when torque is increased, armature current increases resulting in reduction of air gap flux ϕ i.e., due to armature reaction and saturation. Therefore, for increased torque there is an increase in the value \(\frac{T}{{{\phi }^{2}}}\) of equation (4) causing a drop in the speed of the motor. However, when the effect of armature reaction is neglected, the value of flux (ϕ) remains constant due to which for increase in torque there will not be much drop in speed of the DC shunt motor. The speed-torque characteristics of a DC shunt motor are drawn as shown below. Dotted line in above figure represents the ideal speed- torque characteristics of a DC shunt motor. But, due to the reduction in flux caused by the armature reaction, the curve is obtained as shown by the thick line.

Speed-Torque Characteristics of DC Series Motor

The speed-torque characteristics of DC series motor can be obtained or derived from the torque-current and speed-current characteristics of DC series motor. Therefore, armature torque and speed has inverse relationship as shown in figure (3).

We know that,

\[N\propto \frac{{{E}_{b}}}{\phi }\propto \frac{{{E}_{b}}}{{{I}_{a}}}\]

Since on no-load the speed is dangerously high, the series motors are never started on no-load. When the motor is connected across supply mains without load, the current drawn is small and hence ϕ is small and the speed tends to increase \(\left[ N\propto \frac{{{E}_{b}}}{\phi } \right]\). With increase in speed, E b increases \(\left[ {{E}_{b}}=\frac{\phi ZN}{60}\times \frac{P}{A} \right]\) thus the field current decreases \(\left[ {{I}_{a}}=\frac{V-{{E}_{b}}}{{{R}_{a}}} \right]\) which in tum leads to decrease in flux and hence speed increases gradually. This process continues until the armature gets damaged. Hence, series motors are not suitable for the services where the load may be entirely removed.

Related Posts

Figure 1: Torque-speed characteristics of an induction motor. The torque developed in the 3-ϕ induction…

Figure 1: Torque-slip characteristics of an induction motor. The torque-slip characteristics (see Figure 1) of…

Torque Production in DC Motor Consider a DC motor with stator and rotor. When the…

Different DC motors are used in industry for various applications. Which type of motor will…

There are many configurations of ac synchronous motors in which semiconductor control is used for controlling…

Leave a Comment Cancel Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Privacy Overview

DC Shunt Motor: Speed Control, Characteristics & Theory

DC Shunt Motor Equations

Let’s consider the voltage (E) and current (I total ) supplied to the motor from the electrical terminal.

Now in general practice, when the motor is in its running condition, and the supply voltage is constant and the shunt field current given by,

Construction of a Shunt Wound DC Motor

One key design feature of the DC shunt motor is its ability to generate high torque. To achieve this, the armature winding must carry a higher current than the field winding, and the field winding must have many turns to increase flux linkage.

Self-Speed Regulation of a Shunt Wound DC Motor

Leave a comment cancel reply.

• Trending Categories

• Selected Reading
• UPSC IAS Exams Notes
• Developer's Best Practices
• Questions and Answers
• Effective Resume Writing
• HR Interview Questions
• Computer Glossary

Characteristics of DC Motors – Shunt, Series and Compound Motors

The performance of a DC motor is given by the relation among the armature current, torque and speed. These relations are given graphically in the form of curves, which are called as characteristics of DC motors. These characteristics show the behaviour of the DC motor under different load conditions.

Following are the three important characteristics of a DC motor

Torque and Armature Current Characteristics

It is the graph plotted between the armature torque (τ a ) and the armature current (I a ) of a DC motor. It is also known as electrical characteristics of the DC motor.

Speed and Armature Current Characteristics

It is the graph plotted between the speed (N) and the armature current (I a ) of a DC motor. This characteristic curve is mainly used for selecting a motor for a particular application.

Speed and Torque Characteristics

The graph plotted between the speed (N) and the armature torque (τ a ) for a DC motor is known as the speed-torque characteristics. It is also known as mechanical characteristics of DC motor.

Characteristics of DC Shunt Motor

The shunt motors are the constant flux machines i.e. their magnetic flux remains constant because their field winding is directly connected across the supply voltage which is assumed to be constant.

The armature torque in a DC motor is directly proportional to the flux and the armature current, i.e.,

$$\mathrm{\tau_{a}\:\varpropto\:\varphi I_{a}}$$

In case of a shunt motor, the flux is also constant. Therefore,

$$\mathrm{\tau_{a}\:\varpropto\:I_{a}}$$

Hence, the torque and armature current characteristics of DC shunt motor is straight line passing through the origin (see the figure). The shaft torque is less than the armature torque which is represented by the dotted line.

From the characteristics, it can be seen that a very large current is required to start a heavy load. Thus, the shunt motor should not be started on heavy loads.

The Speed of a shunt DC motor is given by,

$$\mathrm{N\:\varpropto\:E_{b}}$$

$$\mathrm{\because \:E_{b}\:=\:V\:-\:I_{a}R_{a}}$$

$$\mathrm{\therefore \:N \:\propto\:(V\:-\:I_{a}R_{a})}$$

For a DC shunt motor, the back EMF and flux both are constant under normal operating conditions. Therefore, the speed of a shunt motor will remain constant with respect to armature current as shown by dotted line.

However, when the load is increased, the back EMF and flux decreases due to the drop in armature resistance and armature reaction respectively. Although the back EMF decreases somewhat greater than the flux so that speed of motor decreases slight with the increase in load (as line AB).

This is the curve plotted between the speed and the torque for various armature currents. It can be seen that the speed of the shunt motor decreases as the load torque increases.

Characteristics of DC Series Motor

In a DC series motor, the field winding is connected in series with the armature and hence carries the full armature current. When the load on shaft of the motor is increased, the armature current also increases. Hence, the flux in a series motor increases with the increase in the armature current and vice-versa.

In a DC motor,

$$\mathrm{\tau_{a}\:\propto\:\varphi I_{a}}$$

$$\mathrm{Upto\:magnetic\:saturation,\varphi \:\propto\: I_{a};\:so\:that\:\tau_{a}\:\propto\:I_a^2}$$

$$\mathrm{After\:magnetic\:saturation,\: φ\:becomes\:constant\:so\:that,\:\tau_{a}\:\propto\:I_{a}}$$

Therefore, up to magnetic saturation, the armature torque is directly proportional to the square of the armature current. Hence, the torque versus armature current curve upto magnetic saturation is a parabola (part OA of the curve).

After the magnetic saturation, the armature torque is directly proportional to the armature current. Hence, torque versus armature current curve after magnetic saturation is a straight line (Part AB of the curve).

From the torque versus armature current curve, it is clear that the starting torque of a DC series motor is very high.

The speed of a DC series motor is given by,

$$\mathrm{N\:\propto\:\frac{E_{b}}{\varphi};\:Where,\:E_{b}\:=\: V-I_{a}(R_{a}+R_{se})}$$

With the increase in the armature current, the back EMF is decreased due to the ohmic drop in armature and series field resistances whereas the flux is increased. Although, the resistance drop is very small under normal operating conditions and can be neglected, thus,

$$\mathrm{N\:\propto\:\frac{1}{\varphi}\:\propto\:\frac{1}{I_{a}};\:Up\:to\:magnetic\:saturation.}$$

Hence, up to magnetic saturation the speed versus armature current curve is a hyperbola while after the magnetic saturation, the flux becomes constant and hence the speed

The speed torque characteristics of a DC series motor can be obtained from its speed-armature current and torque-armature current characteristics as follows

For a given value of I a determine τ a from the torque-armature current curve and N from the speed-armature current curve. This will give a point (τ,N) on speed-torque curve. Repeat this procedure for different values of armature current and determine the corresponding values of speed and torque (τ 1 , N 1 ), (τ 2 , N 2 ) etc.

When these points are plotted on the graph, we obtain the speed and torque characteristics of a DC series motor as shown in the figure.

It is clear from the characteristics that the series motor has high torque at low speed and vice-versa. Thus, the series DC motor is used where high starting torque is required.

Important – At no-load, the armature current is very small and so is the flux. Hence, the speed increases to a dangerously high value which can damage the machine. Therefore, a series motor should never be started on no-load.

Characteristics of Cumulative Compound DC Motor

A cumulative compound DC motor is the one in which the series field aids the shunt field i.e. both are in same direction.

When the armature current is increased, the series field increases whereas the shunt field remains constant. As a result, the total flux in the machine is increases and hence the armature torque.

When the load is increased, the armature current is also increased which increases the flux per pole. Consequently, the speed of the motor decreases with the increase in the load. Therefore, a cumulative compound motor has poor speed regulation.

• Related Articles
• Types of DC Motors - Series, Shunt and Compound Wound
• Characteristics of DC Generators – Series, Shunt and Compound
• What is Speed Control of DC Shunt Motors?
• What is Speed Control of DC Series Motors?
• Brushless DC Motors
• Desirable Characteristics of Traction Motors
• Construction and Working Principle of DC Motors
• Single Phase Motors Characteristics
• Back EMF and Its Significance in DC Motors
• Electric Breaking of DC Motors – Types of Electric Breaking
• Methods of Starting and Controlling the Speed of DC Traction Motors
• Difference between Brushed Motors and Brushless Motors
• Difference between DC Series Motor and Shunt Motor
• Types of Motors Used in an Elevator (Elevator Motors)
• Types of Motors

Kickstart Your Career

Get certified by completing the course

DC Shunt Motor : Construction, Speed Control & Characteristics

In this post, we will discuss the construction, speed control, and characteristics of DC shunt motors.

CONSTRUCTION OF SHUNT DC MOTOR

The armature winding and the field winding are connected in parallel, and a DC supply is applied to both windings.

DC Shunt Motor Equations

Characteristics of dc shunt motor, torque- armature current (t-ia)characteristics :.

If the applied voltage is kept constant, the field flux remains constant. The torque of the DC motor is proportional to the product of the flux and the armature current. Ta 𝝰 Φ Ia Ta 𝝰 Ia   ( Φ constant) The characteristic of torque and armature current is a straight line from the origin. The shaft torque is always less than the gross torque. This is because of stray losses. The heavy starting loads require more armature current, so the shunt motor should not be started on heavy loads.

Speed- Armature Current(N-Ia) characteristics :

The speed of the motor is directly proportional to the back EMF(Eb) and reciprocal to the flux.

N α E b  / Ф The back EMF(Eb)= V-Ia.Ra

With an increase in the armature current with a load, the back EMF decreases very small due to a small IaRa voltage drop as the armature resistance value is very low. The flux also decreases with an increase in load current due to the armature reaction. Thus, the ratio of Eb/Φ remains almost constant, and the motor speed is almost constant with an increase of armature current with loading. Therefore, the DC shunt motor is a constant-speed motor.

Speed-Torque(N-T) characteristics :

The change in the speed of the motor is negligible with the torque.

How does the DC Shunt Motor Maintain the constant Speed?

The increased armature current produces more torque. The increased amount of torque increases the speed and provides compensation for speed loss on loading.

Thus, the motor maintains the constant ratio of Eb/flux and constant speed.

DC shunt motor should not be started at heavy loads :

Leave a comment cancel reply.

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Characteristics of DC motor

The performance and behavior of a DC motor is determined from its characteristics. It expresses the relation between two or more quantities. The important characteristics of DC motor are

Characteristics of DC Series motor

Torque – armature current characteristics.

The torque equation for DC motor is given by, T α φI a

After the saturation, the magnetic flux will be independent of the armature current. From this point of time, torque will be proportional to the armature current( T α I a ). Now the obtained curve will be a straight line. It is shown in the figure below.

The shaft torque or useful torque(red color dotted line) will be less than the armature torque. It is because of the loss due to iron, friction and windage losses.

From the characteristics, it can be understood that the torque exerted by the motor is proportional to the square of the current, until saturation. It implies that the DC series motor has a high starting current.

Speed- Armature current characteristics

With the increase in armature current, the voltage drop due to armature and series field resistance increases( E b = V – I a (R a + R se )). Therefore, the back emf decreases. Since the drop is quite small, it can be neglected. So speed is inversely proportional to the flux.

Torque – Speed characteristics

It is drawn between the torque and speed of rotation of a DC Motor. The obtained curve clearly shows that the speed drops when the load torque is increased. At higher loads, the speed drops linearly.

Hence series motors are used for applications where the motor is directly connected to the load.

Characteristics of DC Shunt motor

With the increase in armature load current, the torque increases, which gives a linear relationship. The obtained characteristic is a straight line passing through the origin O.

However, when the load current is increased, both the back emf and flux per pole decreases. Comparatively, back emf decreases more than the flux, and hence there will be a small drop in speed, as shown below.

Generally, a shunt motor is called a constant speed motor, as there is no appreciable change in the motor speed from no load to full load.

Characteristics of DC Compound motor

Compound motors have both series field winding and shunt field winding. Based on the excitation, they are of two types, namely cumulatively compound and differentially compound motors.

Cumulative compound motors

Cumulative compound motors are used for high starting torque applications as in cranes, elevators, etc. Also used for applications where sudden apply and removal of loads are essential.

Differantial compound motors

In this machine, the flux produced by the series field winding opposes and reduces the flux produced by the shunt field winding. Hence the net flux decreases with an increase in load.

Characteristics of Separately excited DC motor

The operating characteristics of separately excited DC motor is similar to that of the characteristics of DC shunt motor.

In a DC shunt motor, the field winding is connected in parallel to the armature winding and the supply voltage. Under a constant supply voltage, the flux in a shunt field winding remains constant. This constant flux will keep the motor rotating at a constant speed.

An Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Certified Energy Manager, Photoshop designer, a blogger and Founder of Electrically4u.

Related Posts

Leave a reply cancel reply.

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Subscribe to Electrically4u..!

Enter your Email Address to get all our updates about new articles to your inbox.

WatElectrical.com

Electricals Made Easy

Characteristics of Different Types of DC Motors

October 15, 2019 By Wat Electrical Leave a Comment

Thomas Davenport invented the first real motor later Micheal Faraday and Joseph supported his work. Micheal Faraday did his work mostly related to the working of electromagnetic fields. This invention became the basic principle behind the working of an electrical motor. Beyond the invention of motor further investigations have been done to study the different types of motors such that different motor operations have been discovered. The operation of these different kinds of motors has been further investigated by determining the characteristics in order to know the performance. In this article, we shall discuss the basics of DC motor, and characteristics of different self-excited motors like DC shunt, series, and Compound motor.

Basics of DC Motor

A DC motor is a device that works on the principle of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. It generally converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. It is commonly used in household appliances and also in large industries for the operating heavy loads. A normal DC type motor is shown in the figure below.

Basic DC motor

Characteristics of DC Motor

The characteristics of any motor are determined to know the performance. By this, we can conclude where it can be applied and the necessary precautions can also be taken to avoid any damages. For instance, a series motor should not be started directly by applying load because heavy currents flow to the windings which in fact damages the winding. So, this type of damages can be avoided by knowing its performance characteristics such that we can take necessary precautionary methods to avoid such instances.

Torque and speed play a vital role in the operation of the motor. Generally, torque is produced by the flux which gets interacted with the armature flux. The interaction of these two fluxes develops a unidirectional torque that enables the motor to rotate. Now, the speed with which the rotor should rotate comes into the picture. The speed of the rotor generally depends on the back emf and flux produced inside the motor. The relation between the torque and speed explains to us how we can draw a characteristic curve between them. Based on the arrangement of the winding, these different types have been classified and accordingly, the characteristics also differ.

The voltage equation of a motor is represented as E b = V – I a R a

The speed of the motor mainly depends upon the value of back emf and flux. The relationship between speed and back emf is given by N ∝ E b /ɸ

Torque Speed Characteristics of Shunt Motor

Basically, in a shunt motor, the field winding is connected in parallel to the armature winding. Whenever a current is supplied by means of a DC source, flux is produced which in turn interacts with the armature flux to produce a unidirectional torque. As φ flux is constant in the case of a shunt motor. The speed of the motor is directly proportional to the back emf.

The relationship between torque and speed of a shunt motor is given by T α φ I a . (φ) flux is constant in the case of a shunt motor. So, torque is directly proportional to the armature current. The torque and speed characteristics are similar to that of the characteristics of speed vs armature current. But a slight decrease in the value because the back emf decreases slightly practically.

The characteristic curve drawn between the torque and speed is shown in the figure below.

Torque Vs speed characteristics DC shunt motor

Torque Speed Curve of Series Motor

Basically, in a series motor, the field winding is connected in series to the armature winding. Whenever a current is supplied by means of a DC source, flux is produced which in turn interacts with the armature flux to produce a unidirectional torque. The relationship between the torque and armature current is given by  T α φ I a

Please refer to this link to know more about DC Motor MCQs

. The relationship between speed and flux is given by N ∝ E b /ɸ. The flux is inversely proportional to the speed and directly proportional to the armature current. Now, T α (I a )2 torque varies directly proportional to the square of the current. The relationship between the torque and speed also remains the same I,e torque and the speed are inversely proportional to each other. The figure that depicts the characteristics of DC shunt motor is shown in the figure below.

Torque Speed of Compound Motor

DC compound Motor is classified into two kinds such as long shunt and short shunt depending upon the winding placement. It is also a kind self-excited motor and it uses the advantages of both shunt and series DC motors. It uses the good speed regulation property of shunt motor and high starting torque capability of a series motor. The compound wound circuit diagram is shown in the figure below.

compound wound circuit diagram

Characteristics of Compound Motor

The torque -speed characteristics of DC compound motor are shown in the figure below.

speed torque characteristics DC compound motor

Thus, in this article, we had discussed the basics of DC motor. The DC motor is a type of machine that transitions the form of input electrical energy to output mechanical energy. Apart from the basics, we had also studied the characteristics of different types of motors such as shunt, series, and compound motor. Here is a question for the readers, what are the applications of the DC shunt, series, and compound motor?

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Torque-Speed characteristics of Separately excited DC Motor.

Experiment No.:24

Aim of the Experiment: Torque-Speed characteristics of Separately excited DC Motor. Objective: Measurement of different parameters experimentally such as speed, torque, current of DC motor drive.

Apparatus Required:

Circuit Diagram:

Theory: In case of separately excited DC Motor the supply is given separately to field and armature winding’s. The main distinguishing fact in these types of DC motors is that the armature current does not flow through the field winding’s, as the field winding energizes from a separate external source of DC current as shown in figure. So, the coils are electrically isolated from each other.

The speed of DC motor is given by   

We know that the speed of a dc motor is proportional to back emf / flux i.e., Eb / φ. When load is increased back emf Eb and φ flux decrease due to armature resistance drop and armature reaction respectively. However, back emf decreases more than φ so that the speed of the motor slightly decreases with load.

Following methods are used to control the speed: –

● Field Control Method – When using the field control method for DC motors, the field is weakened to increase the speed, or it can be strengthened to reduce the motor’s speed. Attaining speeds that are above the rated speed can be achieved by providing variable resistance in series to the field circuit, varying the reluctance of the magnetic circuit, or by varying the applied voltage of the motor to the field circuit with constant voltage being supplied to the armature circuit.

Armature Control Method – With armature control the voltage is varied using several methods. One way is by implementing armature resistance, which involves connecting a variable resistance in series to the circuit of the armature. Once resistance has been increased, the current flow through the circuit is reduced and the armature voltage drop is less than the line voltage. This in turn reduces the motor speed in proportion to the voltage that’s being applied. The armature resistance control method is used in applications that require speed variation for shorter periods of time, not continuously.

Other methods of armature control are armature voltage control and shunt resistance control.

In modern technologies there is much advancement in Power electronics devices. Hence the speed of a separately excited DC motor can also be controlled by varying armature voltage and field voltage with the help of a single/three phase full wave converter circuit. As per the circuit diagram, six thyristors are used namely T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 & T6.

At the terminal of armature and field winding we get controlled dc voltage, with this controlled dc voltage we can control our speed.

Procedures:

Sub Panel in HV Thyristor Control trainer Kit

1. EMT-1: Input Three Phase DOL Starter Panel.

2. EMT-20: Integrated AC (Three Phase) Measurement Panel.

3. PE4A: Three Phase SCR Firing/Synchronizing Panel.

4. PE4B: 6 SCR/Diode Power Panel.

5. EMT6B: DC Voltmeter & DC Ammeter Panel.

6. EMT7: Lamp Load Panel.

In High Voltage Thyristor Control Trainer Kit no. 01( converter_01)

• From EMT-1 panel R, Y, B   output terminals, connect to EMT-20 panel R, Y, B input terminals points.
• From EMT-20 panel R, Y, B output terminals, connect to PE4A panel R, Y, B input terminals and connect output terminals from EMT-1 panel to PE4A panel input N terminal.
• From PE4A panel output terminals R, Y, B points connect to PE4B panel 1,7,13 terminals point respectively.
• In PE4B panel make three phase full wave converter by connecting 3/4 to 9/10 to 15/16 get output + ve terminal, 19/20 to 25/26 to 31/32 get output – ve terminal, and 21/22 to 2, 27/28 to 8, 33/34 to 14.
• From PE4B output + ve terminal connect to EMT6B panel Voltmeter terminal at 1, from voltmeter terminal 2 to ammeter terminal at 5, from ammeter terminal 6 to EMT7 panel at terminal 1.
• In the EMT7 panel connect 3 to 5, 7 to 9 terminals.
• Connect from EMT 7B – ve terminal to EMT7B voltmeter terminal 3 and from terminal 4 to EMT7 terminal 11.
• Now make sure that all the terminals are connected properly.
• Switch on the supply of the EMT1 panel, short the terminal 5 to 6, and push the start button.
• In PE4A panel select function to converter mode and by varying 3 phase firing angle control knobs check the output voltage.
• Remove +ve (1) and –ve (11) terminals from EMT7 and connect to DC machine Armature winding at terminal 1 & 3 respectively.
• Repeat all the procedures from Sl. No 1 to 11 in High Voltage Thyristor Control Trainer Kit no. 02.
• In HV Thyristor Control Trainer Kit no. 02(converter_02), Remove +ve (1) and –ve (11) terminals from EMT7 and connect to DC machine Shunt Field winding at terminal 5 & 7 respectively.
• For Field Control Method, fix the input voltage at rated armature voltage of the dc machine and by varying the firing angle of converter_02 to control the input voltage to field winding of the dc machine.
• For Armature Control Method fix the input voltage at rated field winding voltage of the dc machine and by varying the firing angle of converter_01 to control the input voltage to armature winding of the dc machine.
• Torque in N-m = W kg*9.81* r in meter

Where, W kg = (W1-W2) kg & r = radius of pulley in meter

Torque in N-m= W kg*9.81*0.0302

Torque in N-m= W kg*0.296(torque constant=0.296)

• By varying the firing angle of both converter and load in the motor you can plot torque speed characteristics of separately excited DC motors.
• Now take readings as per the observation table.
• (i) curve between output voltage (V) and No-Load Speed.
• (ii) curve between Load Torque (T) and Speed when the motor is loaded.

Observation Table:With No-Load

Observation Table:With Load

Plot the graph Torque vs Speed.

Conclusion: Written by students.

Share this:

• Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)
• Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)

SPEED AND TORQUE CONTROL OF A DC SHUNT MOTOR

• October 2009
• Conference: 5th NOCEI Research Forum

• Artesyn Embedded Technologies

• University of the Fraser Valley

Abstract and Figures

Discover the world's research

• 25+ million members
• 160+ million publication pages
• 2.3+ billion citations

• Gian Paolo T

• E. Tejendra

• V. N. Siva Praneeth

• Dasa Sampath

• Ramu Krishnan
• P.C. Krause
• Oleg Wasynczuk
• Scott D. Sudhoff
• Recruit researchers
• Join for free
• Login Email Tip: Most researchers use their institutional email address as their ResearchGate login Password Forgot password? Keep me logged in Log in or Continue with Google Welcome back! Please log in. Email · Hint Tip: Most researchers use their institutional email address as their ResearchGate login Password Forgot password? Keep me logged in Log in or Continue with Google No account? Sign up

Electrical Deck - All about Electrical & Electronics

• _Transformer
• _DC Generator
• _Induction Motor
• _Synchronous Motor
• _Alternator
• _Special Motors
• Measurements
• _Measuring Instruments
• _Potentiometer
• _Measurement of Power
• _Measurement of Energy
• _Measurement of Resistance
• _AC Bridges
• _Transducers
• Power Systems
• _Transmission
• _HVDC Transmission
• _Switchgear
• _Protection

Ohmic & Non-Ohmic Conductors - Differences, Examples and V-I Characteristics

Ohmic and Non-ohmic conductors are the two types of conductors based on their voltage-current characteristics. In this article let us learn about what are ohmic and non-ohmic conductors with examples and differences. What are Co…

Temperature Coefficient of Resistance – Definition, Formula & Examples

Electrical Resistance is the important electrical quantity that determines the amount of current flowing through a material. Electrical Resistance, the name itself tells that it is a resistance or opposition to the flow of elect…

Effect of Temperature on Resistance of Conductor, Semiconductor & Insulator

The term resistance means the measure of opposition made to the flow of electric current. It is defined as the ratio of the voltage applied to the electric current flowing through the material. Resistance is denoted by 'R'…

Difference Between Conductor, Insulator and Semiconductor

Depending on the ability to conduct the electric current, materials are categorized into three types they are conductors, insulators, and semiconductors. All these three materials show different electrical behavior according to t…

Relation Between Current and Drift Velocity - Derivation

The concept of the relation between electric current and drift velocity is essential in the study of electrical conductivity, the behavior of electrons in electrical devices and circuits, and current flow in conductors. In this a…

What is Conventional Current and Electric Current? - Comparison

In today's world electricity is one of the most important forms of energy. Electrical energy is a form of energy produced by the movement of electrons from one atom to another. Electricity refers to the study of electric curr…

Types of Electric Current - Direct and Alternating Current

Electricity is an invisible energy that constitutes the flow of electrons to perform various operations. Electricity can be converted into any other form such as lighting, heating, traction, and many other forms. In this article …

Information

• Author Services

Initiatives

You are accessing a machine-readable page. In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader.

All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess .

Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications.

Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive positive feedback from the reviewers.

Editor’s Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal.

Original Submission Date Received: .

• Active Journals
• Find a Journal
• Proceedings Series
• For Authors
• For Reviewers
• For Editors
• For Librarians
• For Publishers
• For Societies
• For Conference Organizers
• Open Access Policy
• Institutional Open Access Program
• Special Issues Guidelines
• Editorial Process
• Research and Publication Ethics
• Article Processing Charges
• Testimonials
• Preprints.org
• SciProfiles
• Encyclopedia

Article Menu

• Subscribe SciFeed
• Recommended Articles
• Google Scholar
• on Google Scholar
• Table of Contents

Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website.

Please let us know what you think of our products and services.

Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI.

JSmol Viewer

Design and experimental testing of extended-range power supply system for 15 horsepower electric tractor.

1. Introduction

2. materials and methods, 2.1. overall design of the extended-range power supply system, 2.1.1. the power supply architecture of the extended-range electric tractor, 2.1.2. hardware design of the extended-range power supply system, 2.2. control design of the extended-range power supply system, 2.2.1. general overview of the control strategy of the extended-range power supply system, 2.2.2. mathematical model of the controlled object of extended-range power supply system, 2.2.3. design of current control for extended-range power supply system, 2.2.4. design of voltage control for extended-range power supply system, 2.2.5. design of droop control parameters for extended-range power supply system, 3. results and discussion, 3.1. experimental and test conditions, 3.2. current loop control characteristics experiment, 3.3. start-up ramping, 3.4. voltage loop dynamic control characteristics experiment, 3.5. droop control steady state characteristics experiment, 4. conclusions, author contributions, institutional review board statement, data availability statement, acknowledgments, conflicts of interest, abbreviations.

• Khatawkar, D.S.; James, P.S.; Dhalin, D. Modern trends in farm machinery-electric drives: A review. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 2019 , 8 , 83–98. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Mileusnić, Z.; Petrović, D.; Đević, M. Comparison of tillage systems according to fuel consumption. Energy 2010 , 35 , 221–228. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Janulevičius, A.; Juostas, A.; Pupinis, G. Tractor’s engine performance and emission characteristics in the process of ploughing. Energy Convers. Manag. 2013 , 75 , 498–508. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Katrašnik, T. Hybridization of powertrain and downsizing of IC engine–A way to reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions–Part 1. Energy Convers. Manag. 2007 , 48 , 1411–1423. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Moreda, G.; Muñoz-García, M.; Barreiro, P. High voltage electrification of tractor and agricultural machinery–A review. Energy Convers. Manag. 2016 , 115 , 117–131. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Moghadasi, S.; Long, Y.; Jiang, L.; Munshi, S.; McTaggart-Cowan, G.; Shahbakhti, M. Design and performance analysis of hybrid electric class 8 heavy-duty regional-haul trucks with a micro-pilot natural gas engine in real-world highway driving conditions. Energy Convers. Manag. 2024 , 309 , 118451. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Deng, X.; Sun, H.; Lu, Z.; Cheng, Z.; An, Y.; Chen, H. Research on dynamic analysis and experimental study of the distributed drive electric tractor. Agriculture 2022 , 13 , 40. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• An, Y.; Wang, L.; Deng, X.; Chen, H.; Lu, Z.; Wang, T. Research on Differential Steering Dynamics Control of Four-Wheel Independent Drive Electric Tractor. Agriculture 2023 , 13 , 1758. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Mao, Y.; Wu, Y.; Yan, X.; Liu, M.; Xu, L. Simulation and experimental research of electric tractor drive system based on Modelica. PLoS ONE 2022 , 17 , e0276231. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Zhang, X.; Tan, S.C.; Li, G.; Li, J.; Feng, Z. Components sizing of hybrid energy systems via the optimization of power dispatch simulations. Energy 2013 , 52 , 165–172. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Wu, Z.; Wang, J.; Xing, Y.; Li, S.; Yi, J.; Zhao, C. Energy Management of Sowing Unit for Extended-Range Electric Tractor Based on Improved CD-CS Fuzzy Rules. Agriculture 2023 , 13 , 1303. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Faria, R.; Moura, P.; Delgado, J.; De Almeida, A.T. A sustainability assessment of electric vehicles as a personal mobility system. Energy Convers. Manag. 2012 , 61 , 19–30. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Mousazadeh, H.; Keyhani, A.; Javadi, A.; Mobli, H.; Abrinia, K.; Sharifi, A. Life-cycle assessment of a Solar Assist Plug-in Hybrid electric Tractor (SAPHT) in comparison with a conventional tractor. Energy Convers. Manag. 2011 , 52 , 1700–1710. [ Google Scholar ]
• Li, J.; Wu, X.; Zhang, X.; Song, Z.; Li, W. Design of distributed hybrid electric tractor based on axiomatic design and Extenics. Adv. Eng. Inform. 2022 , 54 , 101765. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Liu, M.; Lei, S.; Zhao, J.; Meng, Z.; Zhao, C.; Xu, L. Review of development process and research status of electric tractors. Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Mach 2022 , 53 , 348–364. [ Google Scholar ]
• Flórez-Orrego, D.; Silva, J.A.; de Oliveira Jr, S. Exergy and environmental comparison of the end use of vehicle fuels: The Brazilian case. Energy Convers. Manag. 2015 , 100 , 220–231. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Pali, H.S.; Kumar, N.; Alhassan, Y. Performance and emission characteristics of an agricultural diesel engine fueled with blends of Sal methyl esters and diesel. Energy Convers. Manag. 2015 , 90 , 146–153. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Liu, M.; Li, Y.; Xu, L.; Wang, Y.; Zhao, J. General modeling and energy management optimization for the fuel cell electric tractor with mechanical shunt type. Comput. Electron. Agric. 2023 , 213 , 108178. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Li, X.; Xu, L.; Liu, M.; Yan, X.; Zhang, M. Research on torque cooperative control of distributed drive system for fuel cell electric tractor. Comput. Electron. Agric. 2024 , 219 , 108811. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Yang, H.; Sun, Y.; Xia, C.; Zhang, H. Research on energy management strategy of fuel cell electric tractor based on multi-algorithm fusion and optimization. Energies 2022 , 15 , 6389. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Chen, L.; Zhan, Q.; Wang, W.; Huang, X.; Zheng, Q. Design and experiment of electric drive system for pure electric tractor. Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Mach. 2018 , 49 , 388–394. [ Google Scholar ]
• Wang, B.; Sechilariu, M.; Locment, F. Intelligent DC microgrid with smart grid communications: Control strategy consideration and design. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 2012 , 3 , 2148–2156. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Wang, B.; Qiao, M.; Chu, X.; Shang, S.; Wang, D. Design and Experimental Study of Extended-Range Electric Caterpillar Tractor. Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Mach 2023 , 54 , 431–439. [ Google Scholar ]
• Dong, Z.; Qin, J.; Hao, T.; Li, X.; Chi, K.T.; Lu, P. Distributed cooperative control of DC microgrid cluster with multiple voltage levels. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 2024 , 159 , 109996. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Xiong, W.; Zhang, Y.; Yin, C. Optimal energy management for a series–parallel hybrid electric bus. Energy Convers. Manag. 2009 , 50 , 1730–1738. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Marzougui, H.; Kadri, A.; Martin, J.P.; Amari, M.; Pierfederici, S.; Bacha, F. Implementation of energy management strategy of hybrid power source for electrical vehicle. Energy Convers. Manag. 2019 , 195 , 830–843. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Liu, J.; Xia, C.; Jiang, D.; Sun, Y. Development and testing of the power transmission system of a crawler electric tractor for greenhouses. Appl. Eng. Agric. 2020 , 36 , 797–805. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Li, M.; Xu, H.; Li, W.; Liu, Y.; Li, F.; Hu, Y.; Liu, L. The structure and control method of hybrid power source for electric vehicle. Energy 2016 , 112 , 1273–1285. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Yu, Y.; Hao, S.; Guo, S.; Tang, Z.; Chen, S. Motor Torque Distribution Strategy for Different Tillage Modes of Agricultural Electric Tractors. Agriculture 2022 , 12 , 1373. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Alegria, E.; Brown, T.; Minear, E.; Lasseter, R.H. CERTS microgrid demonstration with large-scale energy storage and renewable generation. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 2013 , 5 , 937–943. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Justo, J.J.; Mwasilu, F.; Lee, J.; Jung, J.W. AC-microgrids versus DC-microgrids with distributed energy resources: A review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2013 , 24 , 387–405. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Hou, X.; Zhang, X.; Huang, S.; Xu, P.; Shen, J. Measurement of engine performance and maps-based emission prediction of agricultural tractors under actual operating conditions. Measurement 2023 , 222 , 113637. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Ren, G.; Wang, J.; Chen, C.; Wang, H. A variable-voltage ultra-capacitor/battery hybrid power source for extended range electric vehicle. Energy 2021 , 231 , 120837. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Cao, X.; Han, M.; Nee, H.P.; Yan, W. A new method for simplifying complex DC systems and obtaining the controller droop coefficients. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 2021 , 37 , 996–1006. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Ahmed, K.; Hussain, I.; Seyedmahmoudian, M.; Stojcevski, A.; Mekhilef, S. Voltage stability and power sharing control of distributed generation units in DC microgrids. Energies 2023 , 16 , 7038. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Lee, H.S.; Kim, J.S.; Park, Y.I.; Cha, S.W. Rule-based power distribution in the power train of a parallel hybrid tractor for fuel savings. Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf.-Green Technol. 2016 , 3 , 231–237. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]

Click here to enlarge figure

Share and Cite

Wang, B.; Lv, Y.; Chu, X.; Wang, D.; Shang, S. Design and Experimental Testing of Extended-Range Power Supply System for 15 Horsepower Electric Tractor. Agriculture 2024 , 14 , 1551. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091551

Wang B, Lv Y, Chu X, Wang D, Shang S. Design and Experimental Testing of Extended-Range Power Supply System for 15 Horsepower Electric Tractor. Agriculture . 2024; 14(9):1551. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091551

Wang, Baochao, Yanshi Lv, Xianggang Chu, Dongwei Wang, and Shuqi Shang. 2024. "Design and Experimental Testing of Extended-Range Power Supply System for 15 Horsepower Electric Tractor" Agriculture 14, no. 9: 1551. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091551

Article Metrics

Further information, mdpi initiatives, follow mdpi.

Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals