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How Do I Become a Veterinary Technician (Vet Tech)?

by Josh L. Clark, MS, RVT and Kelsey Wirt, MS, LVT

If you're passionate about animals and have an interest in science and medicine, then becoming a vet tech might be the perfect career for you. How do you become a vet tech? The journey to this rewarding profession typically involves several key steps, including education, credentialing, and gaining practical experience, all of which prepare you for the wide range of duties encompassed in vet tech jobs.

Step 1: High School Preparation

Your journey to becoming a vet tech can start as early as high school. Courses in biology, chemistry, and mathematics can provide a solid foundation for your future studies. Job-shadowing or working part-time at an animal shelter, veterinary clinic, or similar setting can give you valuable hands-on experience with animals.

Step 2: Post-Secondary Education

The next step is to earn a post-secondary degree in veterinary technology. Most vet tech jobs require an Associate Degree and/or a Bachelor’s Degree in Veterinary Technology. Vet tech programs must be accredited by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) in order for graduates to be eligible for credentialing. Coursework usually includes animal anatomy and physiology, veterinary pharmacology, animal nursing and nutrition, radiology, anesthesiology, and more.

Step 3: Certification, Licensure, or Registration

After completing your degree, most states require vet techs to become credentialed (certified, licensed, or registered depending on the state). Although requirements can vary, this process generally involves passing the Veterinary Technician National Examination (VTNE), a standardized exam administered by the American Association of Veterinary State Boards. Some states also require passing a state exam in addition to the VTNE.

Step 4: Clinical Experience

Gaining practical experience is a crucial step in becoming a vet tech. Many vet tech programs include internships or externships as part of their curriculum, allowing students to gain hands-on experience in a veterinary setting. After graduation, entry-level vet tech jobs can provide further practical experience.

Step 5: Continuing Education

Most states require vet techs to participate in continuing education (CE) to maintain their certification, licensure, or registration. The amount of CE required each year will vary from state to state. This helps vet techs stay up-to-date with the latest developments in veterinary medicine.

Becoming a vet tech involves a combination of academic preparation, credentialing, and hands-on experience. Being a vet tech offers the opportunity to improve the health and well-being of animals every day. This rewarding profession also offers a variety of career paths in addition to working in a clinical setting such as research, education, shelter medicine, practice management, and more.

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15 Best Veterinary Schools in the US – 2024

June 7, 2024

There are a lot of animal lovers out there, myself included. But, it takes a special kind of person to dedicate their time and energy to caring for animals. Maybe that person is you. If your sights are set on attending a veterinary college and studying animal science , then you’re probably looking for the best veterinary colleges. While there are not as many veterinary schools as medical schools in the U.S., there are still plenty of wonderful programs. Typically, these programs require four years of intense academic study.

Usually, during the fourth and final year of the program, students participate in clinical rotations to gain practical, hands-on experience with the animals themselves. These clinical rotations allow the student to focus on their desired area of concentration, like exclusive study of small animals, for example.

The top veterinary colleges in the US are generally very competitive. For instance, some require the applicant to have obtained a certain amount of veterinary experience before they even apply! Most programs also require students to have taken prerequisite courses during their undergraduate years. These courses generally fall under the umbrella of specific science and math courses.

So, if you’re looking to attend a veterinary program, then you’ll want to know where to look for the for best veterinary colleges in the country. Look no further. Lucky for you, we have assembled a list of the 15 top veterinary colleges in the US. For each program, we will provide a brief overview of what you can expect from the curriculum, as well as the criteria for admission.

Best Veterinary Schools in the US – 2024

1) university of california – davis davis, california.

The Doctor of Veterinary Medicine program at UC Davis a four-year program, blending both academic study and clinical training. Following a broad overview to establish a solid foundation of veterinary medicine, students then choose to study species-specific either small or large animals. Students continue to work with animals in many environments. For example, students can work with and study equine, livestock, zoologic species, aquatic medicine, poultry, and more.

Within the program, students experience a mixture of lecture, cases, group discussions, and laboratory work. In the first two years of the program, students are introduced to and paired with year 4 students. They work together in the Medical Teaching Hospital to apply practical skills and knowledge.

Criteria for Admission :

• 5 GPA or higher
• 180 veterinary experience hours
• Three professional recommendations, including one from a certified veterinarian
• Completion of prerequisites
• A bachelor’s degree from a regionally accredited university

It is important to note that the GRE is no longer required as part of the application process to this program.

After review of applications, the top 240 candidates are selected for interview (200 CA residents/40 non-residents), and then final decisions are made. To give you an idea of the program’s size, it currently accommodates about 600 students.

2) Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado

A four-year program, students at this Doctor of Veterinary Medicine Program learn in a case-based, hands-on setting. Even from the first year of admission, students participate in hands-on training with clinical rotations beginning in year three. As students progress through the program, they select one of three tracks: small animal focus, large animal focus, or mixed animal focus.

Additionally, students can combine their clinical experience with local, regional, and even international externships. To gain even more practical experience, students can take advantage of the university’s partnerships with the CDC, Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, Wildlife Research Center, dairies and feedlots, and more.

• Completion of prerequisite courses with a grade of C- or higher (A single course may only count toward one prerequisite)
• A July 15 matriculation from an institution accredited by the Council for Higher Education
• Three letters of recommendation. It is highly recommended one letter come from a veterinarian

For students looking to gain licensure in U.S. states or territories outside Colorado, they must receive confirmation with the proper academic departments prior to enrollment.

Best Veterinary Schools/Colleges (Continued)

3)  cornell university ithaca, new york.

In this four-year program, students follow a standard curriculum that begins with classroom instruction and gradually introduces hands-on learning. The summer before the student’s second year, they can take elective introductory clinical rotations and other summer programs. In the fourth year of the program, students focus solely on their clinical rotations and externships.

Additionally, to gain even more hands-on experience, students can take advantage of The Tetlow and Roy Park Veterinary Innovation Lab. This veterinary simulation center allows students to practice in a real-life setting like a lifelike “patient.”

At the conclusion of the second year’s spring semester, students will select one of six clinical pathways . These pathways are: Small Animal, Equine, General (Mixed), Exotic Pets, Zoological, and Production Animals.

• Completion of proper prerequisite credits and courses ( For the class of 2031 (Fall 2026 application) and beyond ; For those applying in the fall of 2024 and fall of 2025 ).
• Veterinary medical experience highly recommended
• One must come from a veterinarian
• One must come from an advisor or faculty member who taught you
• The third may be from someone of your choosing
• Up to six letters may be submitted in total
• Both accepted and waitlisted/alternate applications must confirm they are in good standing at their respective institutions through a Dean’s Certification Form

It is important to note that the MCAT, GRE, and CASPer test are not used in the admissions process and are not required.

4) Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio

In this four-year program, the only veterinary college in the state, The Doctor of Veterinary Medicine Program addresses a “One Health” approach. This means that students and professors consider and addresses animal, human, and environmental health and concerns. As part of the new curriculum redesign, students will complete a Competency-Based Veterinary Education framework.

Overall, students will gain a broad working knowledge of scientific concepts related to the current practice of veterinary medicine. By year four, students will declare a pathway that fits best, as one category is chosen from the Applied Veterinary Medicine umbrella. Some examples of specific concentrations include Radiology, Equine Surgery, Large Animal Ambulatory Services, Dermatology, and more .

• A 3.5 science GPA; overall strong academic performance
• Successful completion of required prerequisite courses with a C or higher
• Submission of official transcripts from all post-secondary institutions
• Practical Experience: Paid or volunteer hours with a veterinarian
• Community service and leadership activities
• Three letters of recommendation; one should be from a veterinarian
• Personal Interview

Every year, the program admits 165 new applicants. Along with academic considerations, applications are also reviewed for a candidate’s dedication, character, communication, leadership and interpersonal skills.

Additionally, the GRE will not be required or reviewed as part of the admissions process.

Best Veterinary Colleges/Schools (Continued)

5) north carolina state university raleigh, north carolina.

This four-year program is separated into two phases . The first phase is a three-year preclinical phrase, which focuses on coursework and creating foundational knowledge. The second phase is the clinical phrase, which happens in the fourth and final year of the program. A clinical year consists of 24 blocks, each two-to-three weeks in length, allowing for a total of 168 credit hours needed for graduation.

Students will ultimately select a focus area to specialize in during their time in the program. Examples of focus areas include clinician scientist, equine practice, laboratory animals, food animals, small and exotic animals, and more. A faculty advisor will help determine and select a focus area, and this must be declared by the spring of the second year.

Criteria for Admissions :

• North Carolina Residents: 3.0 cumulative
• Non-Residents: 3.4 cumulative
• Important note: Animal Nutrition is a required course
• Minimum 200 hours of clinical, medical, agribusiness, health science or medical-related research experience
• Additional animal experience (no minimum hour requirement)
• Future career goals
• The contribution of veterinarians in society
• The attributes of a successful veterinarian
• Highly recommended two letters are from veterinarians or PhD scientists the applicant has worked with in a veterinary setting
• Non-Residents do not participate in interviews
• Transcript Verification

GREs are not necessary as part of the admissions process.

Best Veterinary Schools (Continued)

6) university of pennsylvania philadelphia, pennsylvania.

Students can choose to participate in a dual degree program as part of the veterinary medicine program, such as the VMD/PhD, VMD/MBA, or VMD/MPH. Alongside their Veterinary Medicine Doctorate, students can also earn a Master’s in the following: Business, Environmental Studies, Public Health, Translational Research, and Social Work. Plus, students can also earn a PhD for research in the biomedical, human medicine, and public health fields.

However, for students interested in focusing only on the Penn Vet program, the program is a four-year curriculum with greater focus on clinical rotations in the fourth year. Under the direction of faculty mentorship, students gain practical knowledge of veterinary medicine in a hands-on environment.

Furthermore, in their third year, students will choose an academic major from one of four specific concentrations. These concentrations are small animal, large animal, food animal, and equine.

• No defined cutoffs, but the average GPA is 3.8
• Students usually have multiple, in-depth research experiences but no defined minimum hours
• Three letters of recommendation from relevant faculty or leaders who have observed research experience
• Interviews between applicants, Penn faculty, and current students

7) University of Florida Gainesville, Florida

In year one, students are introduced to the foundation of veterinary medicine and experience hands-on training in the Clinical Techniques Laboratory. The second year, students focus on diagnosis and treatment of common and unique ailments across all species.

In the third and fourth years of the curriculum, students take advanced elective courses and clinical clerkships. During these clerkships, students complete rotations in both small and large animal hospitals. While externships are optional and not required for graduation, it is highly recommended students look for these opportunities. To graduate, students must complete a total of 150 credit hours.

• Recommended overall GPA greater than 3.0
• Missing no more than three science or math prerequisite courses
• Recommend exposure to both large and small animal clinical practices
• One reference from a veterinarian
• Interview with two- or three- member panel

8) University of Georgia Athens, Georgia

Over four years, the curriculum of the DVM program is structured to ensure students receive comprehensive and complete information regarding all aspects of veterinary medicine. In year one, students take a broad overview of courses to familiarize themselves with the foundations of veterinary medicine. These courses continue into the second year of the program.

By the third year, students begin taking more elective courses and are eligible for selected clinical rotations. Year four of the program lasts approximately 14 months. During this time, students concentrate their interests on a specific area. Some examples of these clinical rotations include Diagnostic Pathology, Large Animal Surgery, Large Animal Farm Practice, Exotic Animal, Wildlife, and Zoo Clinical Medicine, and more.

• Cumulative GPA of 3.0 or higher
• Completion of required prerequisites with a grade of C or higher
• Official transcripts
• At least one must be from a veterinarian
• To count toward this requirement, students must complete these hours under the direct supervision of a veterinarian.

9) University of Wisconsin – Madison Madison, Wisconsin

Students who enroll in this four-year program undergo a comprehensive curriculum which not only introduces the foundations of veterinary medicine but also allows for hands-on experience. Over the course of their education, students earn a total of 164 credit hours, from 117 pre-clinical credit hours and 47 clinical credit hours.

In the fourth year of the program, students must take a set of required core rotations. These rotations include Large Animal Medicine, Ambulatory, Radiology, Anesthesiology, and more. Students will then select one of four Emphasis areas: Equine, Food Animal, Mixed Animal, and Small Animal. The selection of this emphasis will dictate which clinical rotations are then completed.

• Students must have completed a total of 60 semester credits of college coursework. This includes 40-43 credits of required coursework
• Recommended animal and veterinary medical experience
• At least one must be written by a veterinarian
• Written statements describing applicant’s professional goals and interests

Approximately 96 qualified applicants are admitted each year.  Some non-academic factors considered for admission include maturity, goal orientation, work experiences, awards and honors, and more.

10) Texas A&M – College Station College Station, Texas

Over four years, students are introduced to a standard curriculum to become acquainted with the foundations of veterinary medical sciences. Some core courses include Integrated Animal Care, Pathology, Veterinary Immunology, Pharmacology, Principles of Surgery, and other electives.

In their third year, students declare a career-focus track between several disciplines: Companion Animal, Rural/Mixed Animal, Equine, Food Animal, and Production. Each discipline is structured to include relevant clinical rotations over 24 weeks. Each separate rotation location/focus is usually two weeks in length but can be up to three.

Additionally, students can take part in the combined degrees program . Students can earn a DVM degree in addition to an MBA or MS (VPHE)— Master of Science in Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology.

• 90 overall; 3.10 for the last 45 hours; 2.9 science GPA
• More than 100 hours of veterinary experience to qualify for an interview
• Completion of 53 hours of prerequisite coursework with a grade of C or higher

11) Auburn University Auburn, Alabama

In the first three years of this program, students take generalized courses to provide an introduction to the basic principles of veterinary medicine. Each semester generally requires 20-21 credit hours of work across 8-10 classes. Examples of some of these classes include Basic Microanatomy, Intro to Surgery, Cardiovascular System, Veterinary Toxicology, and more. All students must take at least 4 credit hours of elective coursework.

In their fourth year, students participate in clinical rotations. The clinical year takes place over 50 weeks and includes 23 total rotations.

• Completion of required prerequisite coursework with a C- or higher
• Alabama & Kentucky residents: 2,50 or higher; At-large applicants: 3.0 or higher
• No minimum hour requirement
• One must be from a veterinarian
• One from an employer
• One from a professor or advisor
• Transcripts
• Interview with Admissions Committee

12) Iowa State University Ames, Iowa

Within the first three years of the program , students typically take between 15-20 credit hours per semester. Some core courses include Veterinary Nutrition, biomedical sciences, Veterinary Medical Ethics, Anesthesiology, and more. Plus, students also participate in case studies alongside these courses.

In the fourth year, the clinical year, students must have selected one of four focuses. These focuses are Small Animal, Equine, Mixed Animal, and Food Animal. Depending on the focus selected, this will determine the electives and clinical rotations necessary. To graduate, students will need to complete a total of 160 credit hours.

• Up to six letters will be accepted; it is highly recommended that students have four letters
• Completion of the CASPer test
• Must hold a BS degree in biological or physical sciences
• Anatomy, physiology, cellular and molecular biology, physics, chemistry, biochemistry, and calculus.
• Personal statement and resume

13) Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana

Throughout this four-year program , students take generalized introductory courses, regardless of their ultimate career focus. Additionally, first-year students complete a co-curricular requirement of the Diversity and Inclusion Certificate Program. Students will also complete small group, problem-based learning courses with a faculty coach to apply information learned from classes into practical situations.

Through the Veterinary Skills and Competencies (VSAC) I-VI, students can participate in hands-on experience with animals in these courses, which happen throughout the first 3 years.

In their fourth year, students choose a concentration between seven tracks. The most focused tracks are Small Animal, Equine, and Food Animal. Students can also choose a Non-practice Track and focus exclusively on research.

• Cumulative GPA of no less than 3.10
• Three letters of recommendation
• One-page essay; 3,000 characters
• Answer the question: Why do you want to pursue a career in veterinary medicine?
• Required in-person interview

14) University of Minnesota – Twin Cities Paul, Minnesota

In this four-year program, there are many courses to choose from. In these courses, students will learn effective methods of veterinary care and develop the necessary skills for professional practice. Typically, DVM students attend class full-time, Monday-Friday from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.

Additionally, students can participate in dual degree programs. In addition to earning the DVM degree, students can also earn a PhD or a Masters in Public Health . At the conclusion of the semester, students complete 13 months of clinical rotation. There are over 60 rotations to choose from, including Acupuncture to Zoological Medicine.

• Official Transcripts
• Up to six letters can be submitted
• At least one letter should be written by a DVM
• Completion of pre-veterinary coursework

Best Veterinary Colleges (Continued)

15) michigan state university east lansing, michigan.

Over the course of this four-year program, students in the fourth year will have the opportunity to enroll in clerkships. The curriculum is divided into three-week-long rotation blocks. Each student has the opportunity to enroll in up to 19 clerkships before they graduate. However, at least 9 are required, including 7-10 electives.

Required clerkships include Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, Diagnostic Imaging, Small Animal Primary Care, Small Animal Soft Tissue Surgery, and more . Examples of elective clerkships include Honeybee Medicine, Zoo & Wildlife Management, Equine Clinical Proficiency, and Aquatic Animal Medicine, among others.

• The average GPA of the last admitted class: 3.37
• Minimum 80 hours of veterinary experience
• At least one from a veterinarian or credentialed veterinary technician or nurse
• At least one from an academic advisor
• Demonstrate understanding of veterinary healthcare and necessary skillset
• To be evaluated on how effectively the applicant’s thoughts are conveyed

Best Veterinary Schools – In Review

As you can see, there are many institutions throughout the country with great veterinary programs. As well, each of these programs will allow you to focus on a specific concentration, no matter what kind of animal lover you are.

With plenty of opportunities for research and skill-building, the top veterinary colleges in the US combine the best academic practices with hands-on practical experience. From small animals like cats and dogs, to horses, cows, and even exotic animals, there is a program that serves every type of interest.

If you are considering other careers in the medical field, you may also be interested in the following blogs:

• DMD vs DDS – What is the Difference?
• 15 Best Dental Schools in the US
• Dental School Letter of Recommendation Guide
• Pre-Med Requirements 
• 85 Common Medical School Interview Questions 
• Medical School Acceptance Rates 
• Medical School Admissions

Meghan Dairaghi

With a BA in English and an MFA in Creative Writing, Meghan has served as a writing tutor at the University of Missouri St. Louis and Maryville University. Additionally, Meghan has held editorial roles at River Styx and Boulevard, and was a prose reader at Farside Review . Most recently, her work has been featured in Belle Ombre , Flypaper Lit , and Mag 20/20 , among others, and she was nominated for the Mary Troy Prize in Fiction. 

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How to become a veterinarian.

Reviewed by:

Akhil Katakam

Third-Year Medical Student, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University

Reviewed: 3/28/24

Are you considering becoming a veterinarian but aren’t sure how to start? We’ll cover how to become a vet, your daily responsibilities, and more!

Are you considering a career working with animals? You may be interested in becoming a veterinarian. Vets have the opportunity to work with and treat animals every day.

If you’re passionate about animal wellness, you’ve come to the right place. Here’s everything you need to know about becoming a vet, from the veterinary school timeline to future considerations. Let’s get started!

Get The Ultimate Guide on Writing an Unforgettable Personal Statement

How to Become a Veterinarian: The Step-by-Step Guide

Here’s our simple guide on veterinary education requirements and more to get you started. 

Step 1: Decide If Vet School Is Right for You

Before making any decisions, you should ensure becoming a veterinarian is the right path for you. Although a strong passion for animals is required, you must make difficult decisions in the animal’s best interest. For example, if euthanizing an animal would be too hard for you, becoming a vet may be mentally draining. 

Working in pet care is a great way to know if veterinary school is a good option for you. Anyone can apply to work at an animal shelter or a private pet care company. There, you can learn how to care for different types of animals and even administer medication. 

Step 2: Complete an Undergraduate Degree (With Prerequisite Courses)

Most veterinary schools expect applicants to have completed a bachelor’s degree before applying. The prerequisites for vet school vary but generally are:

• Biology/Zoology
• Organic Chemistry
• Biochemistry
• Inorganic Chemistry
• Mathematics/Statistics
• English Composition
• Humanities/Social Sciences

Some schools require additional courses, such as genetics, microbiology, and anatomy. The prerequisite courses for each school vary, so check the requirements for your target schools before applying. 

For example, these are the requirements to apply to UC Davis , the country’s #1 vet school: 

To ensure you’re taking the necessary courses, see if your school offers a pre-veterinary medicine educational track. This program includes prerequisites to ensure you’re prepared for vet school regardless of your major. 

Step 3: Gain Experience 

Before applying for veterinary school, build your resume with relevant volunteering and job experience. There are many ways to gain experience, including: 

• Joining a pre-vet club
• Volunteering at shelters
• Working in pet care
• Shadowing vets
• Any other experiences that involve working with animals

This is an essential step in the vet school application process. According to the American Association of Veterinary Medicine Colleges (AAVMC) data report , most applicants logged hundreds of hours working with animals before applying to vet school.

Step 4: Apply to Veterinary Schools

Ensure you check each of your target school’s admission requirements . Most schools require:  

• A personal statement
• Two or more letters of recommendation
• Secondary essays
• A Veterinary Medical College Application Service  (VMCAS) application or an application through another service

To ensure you’ve ticked all the right boxes, consider seeking the guidance of a professional admissions consultant for veterinary school .

Note: Each veterinary school has unique requirements, so ensure you check your target school’s admission requirements thoroughly before submitting your application.

To get a better idea of your odds of getting into vet school, you can take our vet school admission quiz down below! Get an in-depth look at different factors that go into vet school admissions decisions and how your application measures up. 

Step 5: Complete a DVM Degree

Once you’ve been accepted into a veterinary school, it’s time to complete your four-year Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) degree. The first two years focus mainly on science courses with labs, while the third year typically focuses on clinical experience. Your final year often includes clinical rotations to give you hands-on experience. 

Step 6: Take the NAVLE

The North American Veterinary Licensing Exam (NAVLE) is a multiple-choice exam required for U.S. veterinary licensure. Once you’ve successfully passed the NAVLE, you can practice veterinary medicine. You should give yourself ample time to study for the exam: this is your last crucial step to becoming a vet!

Step 7: Complete Any Additional Steps 

Some states have additional requirements to obtain veterinary licensure beyond taking the NAVLE. To ensure you’ve completed all the necessary steps, check your state requirements before applying for positions.

Step 8: Complete a Residency Program (Optional)

Although you’ve completed the necessary veterinary education requirements, you can attend a residency program after completing vet school if you want to specialize. Residency isn’t necessary to begin practicing as a vet, but it can help you obtain positions tailored to your interests with higher pay.

The AVMA currently recognizes 22 veterinary specialty organizations. Between these organizations, there are 46 distinct AVMA-Recognized Veterinary Specialties. The veterinary specialty organizations recognized by the AVMA are he:

• American Board of Veterinary Practitioners
• American Board of Veterinary Toxicology
• American College of Animal Welfare
• American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine
• American College of Poultry Veterinarians
• American College of Theriogenologists
• American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia
• American College of Veterinary Behaviorists
• American College of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology
• American College of Veterinary Dermatology
• American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine
• American College of Veterinary Microbiologists
• American College of Veterinary Nephrology and Urology
• American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists
• American College of Veterinary Pathologists
• American College of Veterinary Preventive Medicine
• American College of Veterinary Radiology
• American College of Veterinary Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation 
• American College of Veterinary Surgeons
• American College of Zoological Medicine
• American College of Veterinary Emergency & Critical Care
• American Veterinary Dental College

Each AVMA-recognized specialty organization contains a directory with excellent specialty programs. When applying for a specialty program, it’s critical to ensure you meet all of the eligibility requirements. For more information on veterinary specialties, take a look at the AVMA ’s specialty information page.

Step 9: Begin Your Veterinary Career!

Once you’ve completed all these steps, you’re ready to begin applying for jobs. Ensure you consistently update your CV throughout your veterinary education path so it’s ready when the time comes.

Regularly updating your CV through these steps also ensures you don’t accidentally omit important experiences or information. 

How Much Does It Cost to Become a Veterinarian?

The cost of becoming a veterinarian varies greatly depending on several factors. For example, vet school tuition in the U.S. can cost anywhere from approximately $19,500 to $65,000 annually, depending on the school, your state of residence, and what year you’re in. Many schools cost less in the first year and gradually raise tuition throughout your degree. 

Aside from tuition, other costs to consider when creating your budget for vet school include:

• The cost of living in your area
• Transportation
• Application fees 
• Out-of-state fees (if you’re traveling for school) 

Remember to consider these additional costs when determining the final cost of your vet school experience. In four years, most veterinary students spend over $200,000 for a DVM on average.

However, most students don’t pay for their entire degree out of pocket. Financial aid is available through the government and schools. There are also plenty of scholarship opportunities for future vet students on the AAVMC website.

What Does a Veterinarian Do?

What is a veterinarian? In short, they’re the doctors of the animal world. They prevent, diagnose, and treat animals while advising their clients on proper care for their pets. With veterinary training, you can work in various settings, such as: 

• Animal clinics
• Laboratories
• Other industries

The daily duties of a veterinarian generally consist of:

• Morning physical exams of each overnight animal (taking vitals, checking for abnormalities)
• Reviewing lab analysis of bloodwork
• Diagnosing illnesses and creating treatment plans
• Obtaining patient histories from clients
• Preparing animals for surgery
• Performing surgeries (mostly in the morning to allow animals to recover throughout the day)
• Seeing new patients
• Prescribing medication, therapy, or other treatments
• Requesting tests (x-rays, lab work, etc.)
• Sending emergency patients to an emergency animal hospital
• Discharging patients in recovery

As a future veterinarian, you should know there are many exciting yet disheartening aspects of your future career. While veterinarians experience the positives of animal care, plenty of challenges are involved in dealing with animals in stressful situations. 

How Long Does It Take to Become a Veterinarian? 

Considering the typical length of schooling, it takes 8 years to become a veterinarian . However, depending on the school you attend, specializations, and internships or residencies, becoming a vet may take nine years or longer.

Normally, students will attend an undergraduate institution for four years and then a veterinary school for an additional four years. However, some specializations can take up to six additional years to complete adequate schooling.  

Once you complete your degree, you’ll then need to begin your career by finding a job. There are many possible career paths for vets, from private practice to food supply medicine and everything in between. 

Here’s an overview of some career paths where you can apply your DVM. 

Source : The American Association of Veterinary Medical Colleges  

You’re not limited to working only for a private practice. Explore your options and evaluate your interests before choosing your desired career path!

How Much Do Veterinarians Make?

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual salary for veterinarians is $103,260 . 

How much you earn annually as a veterinarian can vary based on numerous factors. Location, job setting, and specialty can impact your annual salary. The best-paid states for veterinarians are Hawaii, Wisconsin, Connecticut, New Jersey, and the District of Columbia - all of which pay a mean annual salary of over $135,000. 

The highest-paid veterinary positions often require special training of three years after vet school.

Other Considerations for Future Vets

Let’s go over some further aspects of life as a veterinarian to consider before making your final decision. 

Becoming a Vet Takes Time

Without specializing, it typically takes eight years of post-secondary education to become a veterinarian in the U.S. The first four years are spent earning a bachelor’s degree, while the other four are spent completing vet school and obtaining your license.

If you choose to specialize, you may add up to three more years of education to your training time. For example, becoming a specialist in veterinary surgery may take up to eleven years of education. 

Passion and Commitment Are Key

Veterinary school is competitive, and the jobs are challenging. If you want to become a veterinarian, you’ll be up against applicants who are extremely committed to animal healthcare. 

To show your passion and to ensure that a veterinary career is right for you, you should log plenty of volunteer hours. Shelters and foster programs are always looking for volunteer workers. If you can log over a hundred hours of animal-related volunteerism, it gives your application a competitive edge.

Vet Life is Not Always Glamorous 

As you may know, working with animals is not always petting kittens and puppies. Vets must remain professional, get their hands dirty, and deal with potentially temperamental animals. Your passion for animal care should extend far beyond the ones that are easy to handle. 

Veterinary life is challenging yet rewarding and can be emotionally draining. Volunteering and owning your own animals can give you a good idea of the good and not-so-glamorous aspects of animal care. 

FAQs: How to Become a Veterinarian

Here are our answers to some of the most frequently asked questions about becoming a veterinarian in the U.S.

1. What Is a Veterinarian? 

A veterinarian is a doctor of animal medicine. Veterinarians diagnose, treat, and care for different types of animals. 

2. What Is The Best Vet School In The U.S.?

According to U.S. News, the University of California Davis is the country’s best school for veterinary medicine.

3. Are Veterinarians Doctors?

Veterinarians practice medicine on animals. To do so, they spend many years studying veterinary medicine. Although veterinarians are doctors of veterinary medicine, they don’t attend medical school and aren’t qualified to treat humans. 

4. Does Veterinary School Have Prerequisite Courses?

Yes, most veterinary schools require prerequisite courses or comprehension in certain subjects. Typical prerequisite courses for vet school are Biology/Zoology, Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics/Statistics, and others.

5. When Should I Start Preparing for Veterinary School?

Assuming you have completed a bachelor’s degree or are on track to do so, you should begin preparing for vet school at least two years before you intend to apply. This will give you time to prepare your CV, take prerequisite courses, acquire letters of recommendation, and complete all application components.

6. What Education Is Required to Become a Veterinarian? 

Veterinary education requirements include graduating from college and completing vet school to earn your DVM. While not required, you can also pursue a residency to learn more about a particular specialty.

7. Is Becoming a Vet Worth It? 

Becoming a vet is worth it if you’re passionate about working with animals and love science. However, you’re the only person who can decide if becoming a vet would be worth it: you must also consider the time commitment, how much school becoming a vet requires, and other factors. 

Final Thoughts

Working as a veterinarian isn’t easy, but it can be gratifying. Your passion for animal care should be a driving force, and you should be able to handle pressure and emotional situations. 

Keep in mind the cost and time it takes to become a vet. Ensure you budget and plan so you can enjoy your time learning in school without added pressures. If you’re having trouble with the application process, consider seeking assistance from a professional admissions consultant . 

Now that you know how to become a veterinarian, we wish you luck on your journey! 

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What Post-Secondary Education Do You Need for a Vet Technician?

Carol strider.

The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) mandates that all veterinary technicians (vet techs) have a minimum of a two-year associate degree from an accredited community college program. As of 2009, the AVMA accredited 160 vet tech programs in 45 states. Vet tech programs, like many other college programs, can be completed in the classroom or online.

Explore this article

• Post-Secondary Programs
• Getting Into a Program
• Finishing a Program

1 Vet Techs

Vet techs perform duties to assist a veterinarian, similar to the way in which a nurse assists a doctor. For example, vet techs conduct routine laboratory tests such as urinalysis and blood counts. With advanced training, vet techs can specialize in particular areas such as dentistry, anesthesiology, internal medicine and emergency medicine.

2 Post-Secondary Programs

The post-secondary programs for vet techs are science-based programs with courses in anatomy, physiology, chemistry, nutrition and reproduction. Programs may include courses in medical mathematics and veterinary office management. Courses are typically delivered in a clinical and laboratory setting using live animals. Some programs also incorporate a practicum element.

3 Getting Into a Program

The vet tech admission process is highly competitive. Applicants for vet tech programs are more likely to be successful if they have taken numerous high school science, biology and math courses and science courses beyond high school. Applicants are assessed on the basis of their overall academic ability, particularly in math and science courses, and their SAT/ACT scores, as well as on their experience and motivation. Programs may require applicants to be 18 years of age prior to entering clinical courses.

4 Finishing a Program

Graduation from a vet tech program does not necessarily make a person a vet tech. Most states require vet techs also to pass a credentialing exam after completing a vet tech program. The credentialing exam consists of oral, written and practical portions.

• 1 Purdue University; Purdue University School of Veterinary Medicine: Purdue University Veterinary Technology

About the Author

Carol Strider is a writer and a post-secondary educator in law and criminal justice, teaching in person and online since 2002. Prior to teaching, Strider was a lawyer at a community law office. Strider holds a Juris Doctor, a Bachelor of Arts, a diploma in adult education and a diploma in animal sciences.

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How to become a vet tech: Steps and requirements

Becoming a vet tech is an excellent career choice for those who love animals and want to work in a rewarding field. here's how to get started..

Becoming a veterinary technician (vet tech) is an excellent career choice for animal lovers who want to work in the veterinary field. Vet techs provide assistance to veterinarians in various settings, including animal hospitals, research labs, and animal shelters. They perform a wide range of duties, such as administering medication, assisting with surgeries, and providing care to sick and injured animals.

To become a vet tech, you must complete a vet tech program accredited by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) and obtain state-specific credentials to practice. The educational requirements for vet techs vary by state, but most programs require a high school diploma or equivalent and completion of prerequisite courses in subjects like biology, chemistry, and math. After completing a vet tech program, you can pursue certification through the National Veterinary Technician Exam (NVTE) or other credentialing organizations.

Becoming a vet tech can be a rewarding career path, but it also requires dedication, hard work, and a commitment to ongoing learning. In this article, we will explore the steps you need to take to become a vet tech, including the educational requirements, training and hands-on experience, certification and licensure, career opportunities, and challenges and rewards of being a vet tech. We will also discuss the costs associated with becoming a vet tech and provide information on professional organizations and continuing education opportunities.

Key takeaways

To become a vet tech, you must complete an accredited vet tech program and obtain state-specific credentials.

Vet techs perform a wide range of duties under the supervision of a licensed veterinarian, including administering medication, assisting with surgeries, and providing care to sick and injured animals.

Becoming a vet tech requires dedication, hard work, and a commitment to ongoing learning, but it can be a rewarding career path with opportunities for growth and advancement.

Understanding the role of a vet tech

If you have a passion for animals and want to work in the veterinary field, becoming a veterinary technician (vet tech) may be a great career choice for you. As a vet tech, you will be an integral part of the animal care team, working alongside veterinarians to provide medical care and treatment for animals in a variety of settings, such as animal hospitals, clinics, zoos, farms, and research facilities.

Day-to-day responsibilities

As a vet tech, your day-to-day responsibilities may vary depending on the setting you work in, but generally, you will be responsible for:

Assisting veterinarians with diagnostic procedures, such as X-rays, ultrasounds, and blood tests.

Administering medications and treatments as prescribed by the veterinarian.

Preparing animals for surgery and monitoring their vital signs during the procedure.

Providing post-operative care, including wound management and pain control.

Educating pet owners on animal care and treatment plans.

Maintaining accurate medical records and updating patient files.

Specialties

Vet techs can also specialize in a particular area of animal care, such as emergency and critical care, anesthesia, dentistry, behavior, or clinical pathology. Specializing in a particular area can open up new career opportunities and allow you to work with a specific type of animal or in a specific setting.

Whether you work in a veterinary clinic, animal hospital, or research facility, being a vet tech is a rewarding and fulfilling career that allows you to make a difference in the lives of animals and their owners.

Educational requirements

To become a vet tech, you will need to meet certain educational requirements. These requirements typically include a high school diploma or equivalent, completion of a veterinary technology program, and obtaining a license or certification.

High school preparation

If you're interested in becoming a vet tech, you should start preparing in high school. Taking courses in biology, chemistry, and other sciences will help you build a strong foundation for your future studies. You should also consider taking courses in math, English, and communication, as these skills will be important in your career as a vet tech.

Post-secondary education

After completing high school, you will need to enroll in a veterinary technology program. These programs typically take two years to complete and result in an associate degree. It's important to choose an accredited program, as this will ensure that you receive a quality education and are eligible to take the Veterinary Technician National Examination (VTNE).

During your program, you will take courses in animal anatomy and physiology, pharmacology, radiology, and more. You will also gain hands-on experience working with animals in a clinical setting.

Once you complete your program, you will need to obtain a license or certification to practice as a vet tech. The requirements for licensure or certification vary by state, so it's important to research the requirements in your state. In most cases, you will need to pass the VTNE and meet other state-specific requirements.

In conclusion, becoming a vet tech requires completing a veterinary technology program, obtaining a license or certification, and building a strong foundation in high school. By taking the necessary steps and pursuing your passion for animal care, you can start a rewarding career as a vet tech.

Training and hands-on experience

To become a veterinary technician, you will need to complete a training program that is accredited by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). These programs typically take two years to complete and cover topics such as animal behavior, surgical nursing, and clinical pathology. In addition to classroom instruction, you will also need hands-on training working with animals.

Internship opportunities

One way to gain hands-on experience is through internship opportunities. Many veterinary clinics and animal hospitals offer internships to students who are currently enrolled in a veterinary technician program. During an internship, you will work alongside experienced veterinary technicians and veterinarians, observing and assisting with animal care, medical procedures, and surgeries. This is a great way to gain practical experience and learn more about the day-to-day responsibilities of a veterinary technician.

Specialized training

If you are interested in a specific area of veterinary medicine, such as dentistry or emergency medicine, you may want to consider specialized training. Some veterinary technician programs offer specialized training in areas such as anesthesia, dentistry, or emergency medicine. These programs typically take an additional year to complete and provide in-depth training in a specific area of veterinary medicine.

In addition to formal training programs, you can also gain hands-on experience by volunteering at animal shelters or rescue organizations. This can provide valuable experience working with a variety of animals and can help you develop your animal handling and care skills.

Overall, gaining hands-on experience is an important part of becoming a veterinary technician. Whether through internships, specialized training programs, or volunteering, hands-on experience can help you develop the skills and knowledge you need to succeed in this rewarding career.

Certification and licensure

As a veterinary technician, you will need to obtain certification and licensure to practice in most states. This section will cover the steps you need to take to prepare for the Veterinary Technician National Exam (VTNE) and obtain state licensure.

Preparing for the VTNE

The VTNE is a comprehensive exam that covers seven major areas of knowledge required for entry-level veterinary technicians. These areas include pharmacology, surgical preparation and assisting, dentistry, laboratory procedures, animal nursing, diagnostic imaging, and emergency medicine.

To prepare for the VTNE, you should consider enrolling in a veterinary technician program accredited by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). These programs provide the necessary education and training to prepare you for the VTNE. You can also purchase study materials and practice exams from the American Association of Veterinary State Boards (AAVSB), the organization that administers the VTNE.

State licensure

After passing the VTNE, you will need to obtain state licensure to practice as a veterinary technician. Each state has its own licensing requirements, which may include additional exams, background checks, and continuing education.

To obtain licensure, you will need to submit an application to your state's veterinary board and provide proof of your education, certification, and passing score on the VTNE. Some states may also require you to complete a state-specific exam or training program.

It is important to note that the terms "certification" and "licensure" are not interchangeable. Certification refers to the process of obtaining a credential from a professional organization, such as the National Association of Veterinary Technicians in America (NAVTA). Licensure, on the other hand, is a state-regulated process that grants legal permission to practice in a specific profession.

In summary, obtaining certification and licensure is an essential step in becoming a veterinary technician. By preparing for and passing the VTNE and obtaining state licensure, you will be qualified to provide high-quality care to animals and work alongside licensed veterinarians.

Career opportunities and job outlook

As a vet tech, there are various career opportunities available in different work environments such as veterinary practices, animal hospitals, research facilities, zoos, and more.

Work environments

Most vet techs work in veterinary practices or animal hospitals, providing care for household pets. Some vet techs work in research facilities, assisting in animal experiments and research studies. Other vet techs work in zoos, aquariums, and wildlife rehabilitation centers, providing care for exotic animals. You may also find job opportunities in government agencies, such as the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Food and Drug Administration.

Job prospects

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the job outlook for vet techs is positive. The demand for vet techs is expected to grow 15% from 2020 to 2030, which is much faster than the average for all occupations. This growth is due to the increasing number of households with pets and the need for veterinary care.

Full-time employment is common for vet techs, but some may work part-time or on weekends and holidays. The median annual salary for vet techs was $40,300 in 2022, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. However, salaries may vary depending on the work environment, location, and level of experience.

In conclusion, a career as a vet tech offers various job opportunities in different work environments, with positive job prospects and a competitive salary.

Professional organizations and continuing education

As a veterinary technician, continuing education and professional development are crucial to stay up-to-date with the latest advancements in the field. Joining a professional organization can provide numerous benefits including access to continuing education resources, networking opportunities, and professional development tools.

Importance of continuing education

Continuing education is critical for veterinary professionals looking to stay at the forefront of the field. It is essential to maintain and improve your knowledge and skills to provide the best possible care to your patients. By participating in continuing education courses, you can stay up-to-date with the latest advancements in veterinary medicine, learn about new treatments and procedures, and improve your clinical skills.

Continuing education is also necessary for maintaining your certification and licensure. Many states require veterinary technicians to complete a certain number of continuing education hours each year to renew their license. Additionally, continuing education can help you specialize in a particular area of veterinary medicine, which can lead to career advancement opportunities.

Professional associations

Professional associations, such as the National Association of Veterinary Technicians in America (NAVTA) and the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), can provide valuable resources for veterinary technicians. By joining a professional organization, you can gain access to continuing education courses, workshops, and conferences, as well as networking opportunities with other professionals in the field.

NAVTA is a dynamic community of credentialed veterinary technicians dedicated to advancing the profession of veterinary nursing through advocacy, awareness, and professional development. They offer a variety of resources for veterinary technicians, including continuing education courses, certification programs, and career development tools.

The AVMA is the largest professional organization for veterinarians and veterinary technicians in the United States. They offer a wide range of resources for veterinary professionals, including continuing education courses, certification programs, and advocacy efforts.

Specialization and specialty certification are also available through professional associations. By earning a specialty certification, you can demonstrate your expertise in a particular area of veterinary medicine and enhance your career opportunities.

Overall, joining a professional organization and participating in continuing education courses are essential for veterinary technicians looking to stay up-to-date with the latest advancements in the field and advance their careers.

Costs associated with becoming a vet tech

Becoming a veterinary technician (vet tech) is a rewarding career path for those who love animals. However, it is important to understand the costs associated with becoming a vet tech before embarking on this career path. In this section, we will discuss the education costs, certification and licensure costs, and other costs associated with becoming a vet tech.

Education costs

To become a vet tech, you need to earn an associate's degree in veterinary technology from an accredited program. The cost of tuition and fees for these programs can vary widely depending on the school and location. Community colleges generally offer lower tuition rates than state and private schools.

In addition to tuition and fees, you will also need to purchase textbooks, laboratory supplies, and other materials required for your coursework. These costs can add up quickly, so it is important to budget accordingly. Some schools offer financial aid, scholarships, and other forms of assistance to help offset the cost of education.

Certification and licensure costs

After completing your education, you will need to become certified and licensed to work as a vet tech. The cost of certification and licensure can vary depending on the state and the organization providing the certification. The National Veterinary Technician Exam (NVTE) is the most commonly accepted certification exam for vet techs in the United States. The cost of the NVTE is $300.

In addition to certification, you will also need to obtain a license to work as a vet tech in most states. The cost of a vet tech license can vary depending on the state.

Other costs

There are other costs associated with becoming a vet tech that you should be aware of. For example, you may need to purchase scrubs, stethoscopes, and other equipment required for your job. You may also need to pay for continuing education courses to maintain your certification and licensure. These costs can vary depending on your employer and location.

It is important to consider all of these costs when deciding whether to become a vet tech. While the costs can be significant, the rewards of working with animals and helping to improve their health and well-being can be well worth the investment.

Vet techs in different states

As a vet tech, your responsibilities may vary depending on the state you work in. In some states, you may be allowed to perform high-level clinical care tasks, while in others, you may only be permitted to serve in a clinical assistant capacity. Here's what you need to know about being a vet tech in Texas, California, Florida, and Pennsylvania.

Texas is a great state to be a vet tech. The state requires vet techs to be licensed, which means you'll need to graduate from an American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)-accredited program and pass the Veterinary Technician National Exam (VTNE). After that, you'll need to pass the Texas Veterinary Medical Association (TVMA) Jurisprudence Exam. Once you're licensed, you'll be able to perform a wide range of tasks, including administering anesthesia, taking radiographs, and performing dental cleanings.

California is another state that requires vet techs to be licensed. To become licensed, you'll need to graduate from an AVMA-accredited program and pass the VTNE. You'll also need to pass the California Veterinary Medical Board (VMB) exam. Once you're licensed, you'll be able to perform a wide range of tasks, including administering anesthesia, taking radiographs, and performing dental cleanings.

Florida is a state that does not require vet techs to be licensed. However, the state does recognize the National Association of Veterinary Technicians in America (NAVTA) Veterinary Assistant Approved Program, which provides training for vet techs. As a vet tech in Florida, you'll be able to perform a wide range of tasks, including administering medication, drawing blood, and performing dental cleanings.

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania is a state that requires vet techs to be licensed. To become licensed, you'll need to graduate from an AVMA-accredited program and pass the VTNE. You'll also need to pass the Pennsylvania State Board of Veterinary Medicine exam. Once you're licensed, you'll be able to perform a wide range of tasks, including administering anesthesia, taking radiographs, and performing dental cleanings.

Overall, becoming a vet tech is a great career choice, and the requirements for becoming licensed vary depending on the state you're in. Make sure to research the requirements in your state to ensure you're on the right track to becoming a licensed vet tech.

Frequently asked questions

What are the requirements to become a vet tech in California?

To become a vet tech in California, you must have a high school diploma or equivalent and complete a two-year veterinary technology program accredited by the American Veterinary Medical Association's Committee on Veterinary Technician Education and Activities (CVTEA). You must also pass the Veterinary Technician National Examination (VTNE) and the California Veterinary Medical Board (CVMB) state examination.

How long does it take to become a vet tech in Texas?

To become a vet tech in Texas, you must complete a two-year veterinary technology program accredited by the American Veterinary Medical Association's Committee on Veterinary Technician Education and Activities (CVTEA). You must also pass the Veterinary Technician National Examination (VTNE). The length of time it takes to complete the program can vary depending on the school and the program's requirements.

What are the online vet tech programs available?

There are several online vet tech programs available, including those offered by Penn Foster College, San Juan College, and Purdue University. It is important to ensure that the program is accredited by the American Veterinary Medical Association's Committee on Veterinary Technician Education and Activities (CVTEA) before enrolling.

What are the vet tech requirements by state?

The requirements to become a vet tech vary by state. However, most states require a high school diploma or equivalent and completion of a two-year veterinary technology program accredited by the American Veterinary Medical Association's Committee on Veterinary Technician Education and Activities (CVTEA). Additionally, most states require passing the Veterinary Technician National Examination (VTNE) and a state-specific exam.

How do I become a vet tech in Florida?

To become a vet tech in Florida, you must complete a two-year veterinary technology program accredited by the American Veterinary Medical Association's Committee on Veterinary Technician Education and Activities (CVTEA). You must also pass the Veterinary Technician National Examination (VTNE) and the Florida Veterinary Technician State Examination. Additionally, you must complete a minimum of 15 hours of continuing education every two years to maintain your license.

Becoming a vet tech is an excellent career choice for those who love animals and want to work in a challenging and rewarding field. It requires a combination of education, training, and certification to become a successful veterinary technician.

To become a vet tech, you will need to complete a veterinary technology program accredited by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). During your training, you will learn about animal anatomy, physiology, and medical terminology. You will also receive hands-on training in animal handling, diagnostic testing, and surgical procedures.

After completing your education, you will need to pass the Veterinary Technician National Examination (VTNE) to become a certified veterinary technician. The VTNE is a comprehensive exam that tests your knowledge of veterinary medicine and animal care.

Once you are certified, you will be able to work as a veterinary technician in a variety of settings, including animal hospitals, research facilities, and zoos. You will be responsible for assisting veterinarians with medical procedures, administering medications, and providing care to sick and injured animals.

In addition to your education and certification, there are several other qualities that can make you a successful vet tech. These include:

Compassion and empathy for animals.

Strong communication skills.

Attention to detail.

Physical stamina and dexterity.

Ability to work well under pressure.

Overall, becoming a vet tech is a challenging but rewarding career choice. With the right education, training, and certification, you can make a positive impact on the lives of animals and their owners.

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How To Become A Veterinarian

Stan T. April 28, 2020 Career , Requirements Leave a Comment

How Long Does It Take, What Degree Do You Need, and More

Veterinarians

Veterinarians diagnose, treat, or research diseases and injuries of animals. Includes veterinarians who conduct research and development, inspect livestock, or care for pets and companion animals.

Table of contents

• Steps to become one
• Popular degree levels

How long does it take

Becoming a veterinarian involves a significant amount of time and a lot of smarts as well. In the US, you would start your journey in college. You would need to complete the prerequisite courses needed to start vet school (a lot of science), and most of the time you would graduate with a bachelor’s degree, typically after about 4 years.

After you have completed this “undergraduate” work, you would apply to vet school. There are currently 30 accredited vet schools in the US (not many compared to the thousands of colleges out there), so you will need to have done well in your undergraduate studies and find a way to make yourself stand out from the other applicants.

Once in vet school, you typically spend another 4 years studying, training, learning, and not getting much sleep. After graduation and passing your veterinary board exams, you can look for a job as a veterinarian, or you can get additional training through an internship. If you want to become a veterinary specialist (such as an internal medicine specialist, a cardiologist, or a surgeon), you would spend another 3-5 years in residency training.

This is a very competitive sector due to so few schools, so there’s some pressure and high expectations for those students who pursue their Doctorate.

Veterinarians Requirements

Step 1: take relevant courses in high school.

Students interested in becoming  Veterinarians should excel at relevant topics  needed for Veterinary Medicine, including Mathematics, Biology, and Chemistry. Complete the highest level of courses available at your High School for these subjects.

Advanced students may also gain access to college-level courses. Taking advanced Mathematics, Biology, or Chemistry may make it easier to gain acceptance to the University or College of your choice.

Tip: Volunteer at Local Organizations

While most high schools do not offer Veterinary classes, students can gain real-world experience by volunteering. Look for volunteer positions at local animal clinics, zoos, or animal shelters. Many future Veterinarians also join 4-H or related organizations for hands-on experience dealing with animals.

“I recommend diversifying with your experience before veterinary school. Even if you think you know the career path in veterinary medicine after graduation, you may discover a new area of passion. Also, diversity of experience with animals will help your application stand out amongst the board of admissions. Before veterinary school, I volunteered at our Raptor Center, in which I helped with the medical treatment of hawks, eagles, and owls.” – Dr. Michelle Burch, DVM from Safe Hounds Pet Insurance.

Dr. Michelle Burch also recommends students who want to become a veterinarian to work in a veterinary office as support staff before applying to become one. Working in a veterinary hospital as a kennel assistant or veterinary assistant will give students a look into the everyday life of a veterinarian, including all the highs and lows.

Step 2: Obtain a Bachelor’s Degree

A  Bachelor’s Degree is not a requirement for every Veterinary Medical School  in the United States. However, schools that do not require a Bachelor’s Degree still require a minimum number of credits and specific courses.

As entry to Veterinary Medical Schools is highly competitive, obtaining a Bachelor’s Degree can increase your options when applying for a veterinary program. Whether you choose to earn an undergraduate degree or not, your college education should include the following prerequisite courses:

• Inorganic Chemistry
• Mathematics
• English Composition
• Social Sciences

Genetics, Microbiology, Anatomy, and Animal Nutrition may also be required. To ensure that you complete the prerequisite courses, check the educational requirements of the Veterinary Medical Schools where you intend to apply.

“In undergraduate school, try to take introductory human psychology courses. Many students choose veterinary medicine because they will be providing treatment to the animals. Little do students realize the amount of emotional support and guidance needed for clients.” – Dr. Michelle Burch, DVM

Step 3: Earn a Doctorate of Veterinary Medicine

To practice veterinary medicine, you need to earn a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) degree. A DVM is only available from 30 different institutions in the United States. Most schools will review your GPA, Graduate Record Examination (GRE) score, and letters of recommendation.

Most Doctor of Veterinary Medicine programs are designed to be completed in four years. The first two years typically include coursework in a classroom or laboratory setting. The initial curriculum revolves around Science and Biology.

During your third year, you will likely start gaining practical experience outside of the classroom. The third year often includes a combination of lab work and clinical work at local animal clinics or veterinary hospitals.

The final year of the program often focuses on clinical rotations. You spend most of your last year working full-time at clinics or hospitals to gain hands-on experience working with animals.

“To help with a unique veterinary school application, diversify your extracurricular activities. All of the pre-veterinary students will experience and volunteer hours with animals. In undergraduate school, join clubs that are outside of veterinary medicine. Admission boards want to make sure that you are a well-rounded candidate. Do not become discouraged if you are not accepted to veterinary school on your first try. It can take applicants two to three rounds before gaining acceptance to a veterinary program. I highly recommend going to the exit interview to learn what the board is looking for with your application. ” – Dr. Michelle Burch, DVM

Tip from Dr. Michelle Burch, DVM on the cost of becoming a veterinarian.

Start to budget and try to save for tuition, books, room and board, and recreation fund. Learn to live with a budget to try to decrease the number of necessary student loans.

Also, look into other options of financial assistance, including the US Army Corp of Veterinarians. Unfortunately, currently, there are minimal options for financial aid, and the veterinary student debt burden is an industry issue with the rising cost of tuition.

Step 4: Obtain a License to Practice in Your State

Before you can seek employment, you need to  obtain a license by completing the North American Veterinary Licensing Exam  (NAVLE). The NAVLE is an extensive test and a requirement for licensing in every state in the United States and Canada.

The test consists of 360 multiple-choice questions and takes the average student about seven hours to complete. The test is available for four weeks in November and December and two weeks in April.

You need to be within 10 months of graduating to take the NAVLE. However, some states may require you to wait until you are eight months or less away from graduation.

Many students choose to take the test during the fall, allowing them to retake the test in the spring if they are not happy with the results.

It  takes about a month to receive the results of the NAVLE . The results are automatically submitted to the licensing board in your state. If you pass the test and meet all other applicable requirements in your state, you will receive a license to start practicing Veterinary Medicine.

Step 5: Accept an Internship to Gain Experience

After gaining a license to practice, many Veterinarians gain practical experience in the field through internships. The typical length of an internship is one year. You can find internships at a wide range of private animal clinics if you choose to pursue a career as a general Veterinarian.

For those seeking specialization, consider finding an internship that is more closely related to your career ambitions. For example, if you want to work with large animals or zoo animals, you may find a suitable internship at a zoo or animal sanctuary.

Step 6: Choose a Specialty in Veterinary Medicine

You can start applying for positions as a Veterinarian as soon as you receive your license. However, if you want to specialize in a specific area of Veterinary Medicine, you may need to accept a residency through a veterinary specialty organization.

There are  41 distinct specialties within the Veterinary field . These specializations require additional education and training through any of the 22 veterinary specialty organizations recognized by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). Common specialties include:

• Animal Welfare
• Emergency and Critical Care
• Internal Medicine
• Laboratory Animal Medicine
• Preventative Medicine
• Veterinary Practitioners
• Veterinary Practitioners are Veterinarians who specialize in treating certain animal species such as birds, horses, cats, cattle, or pigs.

Step 7: Start Applying for Veterinary Positions

After completing your education, internship, and licensing requirements, you can start seeking full-time Veterinarian positions. Along with educational and licensing requirements, employers tend to look at your work experience.

Volunteering during High School and completing internships during College can increase your employability. Employers also seek candidates with strong communication skills as Veterinarians work directly with the public.

Step 8: Join a Professional Organization

Whether you choose to become a Primary Care Veterinarian or a Board-Certified Veterinary Specialist, joining a professional organization can help advance your career.

Members receive access to newsletters, journals, and networking opportunities that can help keep you updated on the latest developments in the world of Veterinary Medicine. You also receive access to useful tools, resources, and information on continuing your education.

The  American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) is one of the largest professional organizations  dedicated to Veterinarians. However, each state also has its own organizations with localized resources and information.

What degree do most Veterinarians have

We did a survey to ask other Veterinarians what degree they had when they first became one. Here are the results.

The average veterinarian will spend anywhere between 8 to 13 years in post-secondary education and training before they become a practicing veterinarian. That’s a lot for most students but is relatively standard for medical fields. Depending on where you got your education, what your potential student loan burden is, and what your aspirations in the field are, will likely dictate if you go for the 8-year minimum or go for the specialized path around 12 to 13 years.

Explore other careers

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How to Become a Veterinarian: Your Path to Success

Embarking on the journey to become a veterinarian opens a world of possibilities for those passionate about animal health. This rewarding career not only demands a strong commitment but also a love for animals that fuels the rigorous path ahead.

Understanding the Veterinary Profession

Veterinarians play a crucial role in animal healthcare, offering not only medical care but also compassion. They work in various settings, including clinics, zoos, and research facilities, focusing on a plethora of specialties from domestic pets to exotic wildlife. The field also presents alternative careers like veterinary technicians , veterinary assistants , animal nutritionists, and pharmaceutical sales representatives, catering to those who wish to impact animal health differently.

Veterinarians are leaders in the veterinary field and earn the highest income of all vet professionals .

Educational Pathway to Becoming a Veterinarian

Do you need a bachelor's degree.

While a bachelor's degree is not always a prerequisite for vet schools, it significantly enhances your application. So long as all prerequisite courses are completed, anyone can apply to vet school. Majors in biology, animal science, or a related field lay a solid foundation, with coursework in biology, chemistry, physics, and math being crucial.

Vet School Admission Process

Admission into veterinary school is competitive, with requirements including a high GPA, extensive experience with animals, and passing scores on exams like the GRE* (Graduate Record Examination). Aspiring vets must showcase their dedication through volunteer work, internships, or as a vet assistant, accumulating hands-on experience.

*The Graduate Record Examination (GRE) is required by most veterinary schools. Some also require the Biology GRE to apply. Check with your desired school to become familiar with their application requirements.

How Long is Vet School and What Does it Entail?

Veterinary school typically spans four years, combining rigorous academic coursework with practical clinical rotations in the final year. Specialization opportunities are abundant, with additional training required post-graduation for fields such as surgery or internal medicine.

For most aspiring veterinarians, a typical path which includes a bachelor’s degree will take them 8 years to complete their studies and be eligible for their licensing exam. For those wishing to specialize, even longer.

Beyond Veterinary School

A license is required to practice veterinary medicine in the US. Becoming a licensed veterinarian requires passing the North American Veterinary Licensing Examination (NAVLE) as well as a state-specific exam. This process varies by location but generally involves a demonstration of knowledge and skills through both practical and written assessments.

Continuing Education and Specialization

The veterinary field is ever-evolving, making continuing education critical for those wishing to remain at the forefront of animal healthcare. Veterinarians can further specialize by completing internships and residencies, leading to certification in areas like dermatology, oncology, or emergency care.

Alternate Veterinary Careers

For those passionate about veterinary medicine but seeking a more accessible entry point, becoming a veterinary assistant offers a rewarding career path with less financial and time commitment than becoming a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM). Veterinary assistants play a crucial role in animal healthcare teams, providing support to veterinarians and veterinary technicians in a variety of clinical settings.

The Academy of Pet Careers provides a direct path to becoming a veterinary assistant in less than 6 months, making it a practical solution for those without the time or funds to become a veterinarian.

Realities of Working as a Veterinarian

The profession is both challenging and rewarding, with veterinarians often facing emotional decisions and a demanding work schedule. However, the satisfaction of improving animal lives and the variety of career opportunities available make veterinary medicine a fulfilling field.

Frequently Asked Questions

How competitive is it to get into vet school.

Vet school admission is highly competitive, with programs evaluating applicants on academic performance, experience, and aptitude for animal care. Prospective students should aim to excel academically and gain as much relevant experience as possible to strengthen their applications.

What are the costs associated with becoming a veterinarian?

The cost of veterinary school can vary widely but often exceeds $200,000 for the full program. Scholarships, grants, and loan forgiveness programs for veterinarians working in underserved areas can help manage these expenses.

Can I work while attending vet school?

While challenging, some students work part-time jobs, particularly in roles that offer hands-on experience with animals, such as a vet assistant. Time management and prioritization are key to balancing work and studies.

What are the job prospects for veterinarians?

The demand for veterinarians is expected to grow, driven by an increasing pet population and a greater emphasis on animal healthcare. Specializations, particularly in areas like food safety and animal behavior, are expected to see higher demand.

How can I gain experience in the veterinary field before applying to vet school?

Volunteering at animal shelters, working in veterinary clinics as a vet assistant, or participating in research projects are excellent ways to gain experience. These opportunities not only provide practical skills but also demonstrate your commitment to animal health.

Becoming a veterinarian is a path filled with challenges, learning, and immense rewards. By understanding the requirements, dedicating yourself to your education, and gaining as much experience as possible, you can embark on a successful career in veterinary medicine. Whether you aspire to heal pets, protect livestock, or contribute to veterinary science, the journey to becoming a veterinarian is a noble pursuit fueled by a passion for animal welfare.

If interested in an alternate veterinary career as a vet assistant, fill out the form below to learn about the vet assistant program at The Academy of Pet Careers.

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Related Veterinary Articles

• What is a Vet Assistant?
• Veterinary Assistant School
• How Much Do Vet Assistants Make?
• Vet Tech vs. Vet Assistant
• List of 24 Veterinary Specialties
• Preventing Veterinary Burnout

Joseph Schifano

Joseph Schifano is the President of The Academy of Pet Careers and the Founder of DogNerdly.

With over 20 years of professional pet experience, Joseph began his journey as the owner/operator of a successful seven-figure pet care business. He later acquired The Academy of Pet Careers, aiming to elevate the quality of care provided by industry professionals. This position enabled him to connect with leading experts in the field and deepen his knowledge in all aspects of pet care.

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Vet Tech Schools

If you love animals, a career in veterinary technology comes with perks that are hard to beat. Vet techs get to spend their days surrounded by furry, feathered and scaly patients. Even better, these workers don't need to spend four years in college to land a job either. Veterinary trade schools have shorter programs that teach students how to:

• Provide nursing care to ill or injured animals.
• Groom animals by bathing them, brushing hair and clipping nails.
• Administer medications and vaccines as directed by a veterinarian.
• Perform diagnostic testing such as x-rays or laboratory analysis of blood.
• Assist veterinarians with surgical procedures.

Vet Tech Specializations

Just as nurses can specialize within the field of human health, veterinary technicians can specialize in their practice. The National Association of Veterinary Technicians in America recognizes more than 20 academies and societies for technician specialties. Here's a look at some options graduates of vet tech schools can pursue.

• Laboratory animal veterinary technicians are entrusted with the care and welfare of animals used for scientific study in laboratories.
• Veterinary dental technicians clean animal teeth, assist with the treatment of oral conditions and educate owners on proper hygiene practices.
• Equine veterinary technicians specialize in the care and treatment of horses.
• Zoo veterinary technicians care for exotic animals in zoos and other facilities housing wild animals.

How to Become a Vet Tech

Taking classes in biology and science will help prepare you to work in veterinary medicine. However, you won't be able to get a job right out of high school. You'll need some post-secondary education to become a veterinary technician. Keep the following steps in mind for becoming a vet tech:

• Finish high school to earn a diploma, GED or equivalent. 
• Complete post-secondary training, whether in a certificate, associate degree or bachelor's degree program.
• Stay up to date with necessary licensure and certification (often state requirements) for vet techs. 

Vet tech programs help students learn both the practical and technical knowledge needed for this career. Each institution has its own curriculum, but classes may include:

• Microbiology
• Animal anatomy and physiology
• Large animal nursing and procedures
• Veterinary pharmacology
• Veterinary surgical procedures

Vet Tech Degrees

The American Veterinary Medical Association accredits more than 200 programs at veterinary technician schools. Some programs have limited enrollment which can make the admissions process competitive. Veterinary assistant degree programs result in one of the following:

• Certificate/Diploma: Certificate and diploma vet tech programs may take up to two years to complete and often include the same curriculum found with associate degrees. There are very few accredited programs in veterinary technology at this level of education so don't confuse these with other diplomas and certificates that are intended for careers as a veterinary assistant.
• Associate Degree: Colleges and universities in 48 states have AVMA-accredited programs. A two-year associate degree is the standard level of education in the field and generally meets state requirements for licensure to work as a technician. Some of the programs are called veterinary nursing rather than veterinary technology.
• Bachelor's Degree: There are a few vet tech programs that award a bachelor's degree. However, a four-year degree is typically only needed for those who want to pursue a career as a veterinary technologist. Laboratories often employ technologists to assist in scientific research.

Regardless of the level of education you choose, expect the curriculum to include both classroom instruction and hands-on clinical work.

Vet Tech Trade School

You'll find veterinary technician programs at community colleges, vocational schools and universities. There are also veterinary technician schools online, and a handful of institutions have received AVMA accreditation for their distance learning program.

Since veterinary technicians have a hands-on job, clinical experience is required even in online vet tech programs. To ensure students get this experience, online vet tech schools have partnerships with clinics that provide externship or mentorship opportunities.

Vet Tech Certifications and Licensure

States license, register or certify veterinary technicians prior to their beginning work. While each state's criteria is different, most require applicants pass the Veterinary Technician National Exam. This exam is offered by the AVMA, and only graduates of accredited vet tech programs can take it.

In addition to earning the state-required credential, some veterinary technicians pursue voluntary certificates. There are more than 20 academies and societies dedicated to vet tech specializations. The following are a few examples of the certification options they offer:

• Veterinary Technician Specialist in Anesthesia and Analgesia
• Veterinary Clinical Pathology Technician
• Veterinary Dental Technician
• Physical Rehabilitation Veterinary Technician
• Veterinary Nutrition Technician

Career Advancement for Vet Techs

Earning a specialty certification is one way to advance a career as a veterinary technician. Another option is to further your education. Four-year programs at veterinary trade schools and universities can lead to careers as a technologist. Some people enroll in online vet tech programs that let them work as a technician during the day and study in the evenings and on the weekends.

Financial Aid for Veterinary Technician Programs

Skills and qualities for veterinary technicians.

Veterinary trade schools can teach you many of the skills needed to work in this profession. However, it helps if you also have the following abilities:

• Active listening: Veterinary technicians may be the first to meet and evaluate patients. A good tech must listen carefully to an owner's concerns and ask follow-up questions to fully understand a situation.
• Critical thinking: Since animals can't talk, it's up to veterinary professionals to be able to review available information, weigh options and take appropriate action.
• Arm-hand steadiness: Vet techs need to be able to hold animals and equipment steady during examinations and procedures.
• Near vision: Today's clinics rely on electronic records, and technicians need to be able to see a computer screen clearly to enter and read patient information. Near vision is also important for animal exams and procedures.
• Speech Clarity: Veterinary technicians may be responsible for relaying a veterinarian's orders to an owner, and they must be able to speak clearly and concisely.

Veterinary Technician Salary and Career Outlook

While many enroll in vet tech schools because they love the idea of working with animals, income is an important consideration for any career. Pay for veterinary technicians can vary across the country, but the following chart shows the range of wages found nationwide. Also, with the continued popularity of pets, career prospects for veterinary technicians looks bright, as government data below shows.

Professional Resources for Veterinary Technicians

The veterinary industry is served by several prominent associations. They include the following:

• American Veterinary Medical Association - Founded in 1863, the AVMA has more than 90,000 members and works to promote the veterinary profession. It also accredits veterinary trade schools and online vet tech programs.
• National Association of Veterinary Technicians in America - Dating to 1981, NAVTA works to provide technician input on veterinary issues. It also recognizes academies and societies that certify veterinary technician specialists.
• American Association of Veterinary State Boards - This non-profit represents regulatory boards that license veterinary professionals in 62 jurisdictions. You can find vet tech licensing requirements for your state in the student section of this organization's website.
• Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, Veterinary Technologists and Technicians, Accessed October 2018, https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/veterinary-technologists-and-technicians.htm
• Specialties, National Association of Veterinary Technicians in America, Accessed October 2018, https://www.navta.net/page/specialties
• Programs accredited by the AVMA Committee on Veterinary Technician Education and Activities (CVTEA), American Veterinary Medical Association, Accessed October 2018, https://www.avma.org/ProfessionalDevelopment/Education/Accreditation/Programs/Pages/vettech-programs.aspx
• Veterinary Nursing Distance Learning, Purdue University, Accessed October 2018, https://vet.purdue.edu/nursing/DL/
• Veterinary Technology, Genesee Community College, Accessed October 2018, https://www.genesee.edu/academics/programs/Health/vettech/
• Certificate of Completion, Michigan State University, Accessed October 2018, https://cvm.msu.edu/future-students/veterinary-technology-program/curriculum/certificate-of-completion
• Veterinary Technologists and Technicians, O*Net Online, Accessed October 2018, https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/29-2056.00

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Veterinary training

When asked what a veterinarian does, most people will answer that veterinarians are doctors for animals. However, many people don't know how true that statement really is.

The average veterinarian completes 4 1/2 years of undergraduate education, taking classes such as biology, chemistry, organic chemistry, biochemistry, physics, microbiology, anatomy and physiology, math, animal science, and more...and that's just to prepare them for veterinary school. Some veterinarians already have a Master's degree or PhD before they enter veterinary school. Others may enter a dual DVM/MS or DVM/PhD program, and some go on after veterinary school to get additional degrees and/or specialty training.

In veterinary school, the 4-year education is equal to what medical school students receive – but for a number of animal species instead of just one. Course subjects include anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, microbiology, immunology, pathology, toxicology, biochemistry, surgical techniques, and many more, as well as in-depth courses on specific animal species and body systems. The early years are mostly spent in the classroom and laboratory to prepare the students for client-owned animal patients. Veterinary students get additional education and experience during clinical rotations, seeing animal patients under the close supervision of experienced mentors.

Once they graduate from a U.S. veterinary school, they receive a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) or Veterinary Medical Doctor (VMD) degree (the degrees are different in other countries). They are now veterinarians and are qualified to perform the duties of the profession. A number of veterinarians also seek additional training in the form of an internship (usually one year) and/or residency (approximately 2-3 years) and may become board certified in a specialty area.

In order to practice veterinary medicine on animal patients, they must be licensed in each state in which they practice. State licensure requires a veterinarian to pass a national examination that tests their veterinary knowledge. Some states also require a veterinarian to pass a state-specific examination, most often to test their knowledge of the state's laws and regulations governing veterinary medicine. In order to maintain their state veterinary license, veterinarians must obtain continuing education.

So, the next time you see your veterinarian, you know that your pet is being cared for by a highly trained professional.

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Steps to Becoming a Veterinarian

There are 30 veterinary schools accredited by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) in the U.S. There were nearly 6,800 applicants competing for approximately 2,700 openings in 2013. In other words, it is very competitive to gain admission to a veterinary school.

Admission requirements for veterinary schools have many things in common; however the specific requirements may vary among schools. It is therefore advisable to become familiar with the entrance requirements (PDF) early in your career as this may affect course selection especially after your first year of college.

Most U.S. veterinary schools utilize the centralized application service operated by the American Association of Veterinary Medical Colleges (Veterinary Medical College Application Service-VMCAS). This application service accepts your application and your letters of evaluation and distributes them to each school you indicate. Applicants should make sure to submit their transcripts to VMCAS. Many schools have a supplemental application as well and require that this information be sent directly to the school.

Steps to Take

In high school: start preparing as early as you can.

Take all the mathematics, chemistry, biology, and physics courses which are available to you in middle and high school; they will open up many career opportunities in college including veterinary medicine.

In College: Undergraduate degree program

Choose a degree program which will provide you a strong grounding in the biological and physical sciences. Make a list of degree programs at various universities and colleges and visit them individually. Find a program that will suit your needs the best. There are various undergraduate pathways to study prior to be admitted to vet schools.

Penn State Program

All the required courses for you to get admitted to most vet schools are required in the Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Program at Penn State.

Essential College Criteria

Criteria that you should accomplish during your undergraduate degree before your application to Veterinary Colleges

• Grade Point Average (GPA): Maintain a competitive GPA, preferably 3.5 or higher. Most veterinary schools examine courses taken in the last 3-4 semesters closely.
• Animal and Clinical Experience: Volunteer with a veterinarian to gain wide variety of animal and clinical experience, and appreciation for the veterinary medical field. This might be an opportunity to find out if veterinary medicine is for you.
• Graduate Record Examinations: You think that you are done after taking SATs or ACTs for your college applications. Not quite! The Graduate Record Examination (GRE) is widely accepted by most veterinary colleges while MCAT is another standardized test that is accepted by some in addition to by Medical Schools. Check each school's web page for their target standardized test scores.
• Letters of Recommendation: Choose three individuals to provide letters of recommendation. One is required from an academic adviser; one is required from a veterinarian; and the third one can be from an individual of your choice (typically one of your course instructors). It is important to get to know your academic adviser and/or professors during your college education. Some schools may require letters from two veterinarians. The application will give you a choice to waive your right to see letters of evaluation. You also have the choice not to waive that right and therefore request to see the letters after your application has been evaluated. While it is your right to see the letters, our advice is to waive the right to examine the letters. Evaluators will know before they write the letter if you have waived the right to see the letters or not. Some schools will think that evaluators may be hesitant to make negative comments about students do not waive their right to examine the evaluations. This can influence the evaluation of that letter by the admission committee.
• Leadership and communication skills; and co-curricular activities: It is highly recommended that you get involved in student club activities, such as, Pre-Vet club which will provide you numerous opportunities to serve in your community which will provide you to interact with people from all walks of life. Make effort to hold an officer position or to serve on a committee which will provide numerous opportunities to gain leadership and communications skills. Remember admission committee is looking for tomorrow's leaders.

Make sure to have a back-up plan!

Undergraduate course requirements

Most U.S. veterinary schools require the following college courses (specific Penn State courses are listed in parentheses):

• Two semesters of general chemistry with lab (CHEM 110, 111, 112, and 113)
• Two semesters of organic chemistry with lab (CHEM 202 and 203; or CHEM 210, 212, and 213)
• One or two semesters of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology with laboratory (B M B 211, 212, and 221; or B M B 401 and 402)
• B M B 251: Molecular and Cell Biology is also required by some veterinary colleges
• Two semesters of general biology with labs (BIOL 110, and BIOL 220W, 230W, or 240W).
• Two semesters of physics with lab (PHYS 250 and 251)
• Mathematics--The minimum requirement ranges from algebra and trigonometry to two semesters of calculus and varies with each school. Note that it is a minimum requirement. Most schools do not accept students who have not taken calculus, even if their published requirement is algebra and trigonometry (MATH 140 and 141).
• General education--Penn State students rarely have difficulty meeting this requirement if they meet Penn State's General Education requirements for graduation.
• The specific number of credits required in each of the above categories may vary among veterinary schools. Thus, it is important to check the specific admissions requirements for each veterinary school.

I am finishing—or have finished—my undergraduate program. Now what?

Most college students traditionally apply to vet schools in the fall of their senior year to meet the deadline of September 15 (generally speaking). Hopefully you will have the entire junior year to prepare to take GRE test and decide on which vet schools and how many vet schools to apply.

There are many factors to consider when choosing which schools to apply. While all 30 veterinary schools are good quality schools, there are different strength(s) that each school has to offer. You just need to match your strengths and desire with theirs when making a decision. We recommend you apply to 5 to 7 schools.

Take time to evaluate schools to determine the best schools for you and save on application costs . Start your VMCAS online application as soon as it becomes available. Ask for your recommendation letters in a timely fashion. Utilize VMCAS's check-list to send a complete package to them.

After receiving interview offers from the vet schools, you start preparing for the each interview. Consult with your academic adviser, pre-vet club advisers, and career counseling advisers on your campus to prepare for your interviews. Usually Pre-Vet club holds sessions on previous year's applicants about general do's and don'ts on veterinary school applications/interviews. April 15 is a general deadline to "accept" or "decline" on admission .

Veterinary Medical Education in the U.S. is 4 years beyond undergraduate degree. After completing the D.V.M. (Doctor of Veterinary Medicine) or V.M.D. ( Veterinariae Medicinae Doctoris ) degree, candidates have to take the North American Veterinary Licensing Examination (NAVLE) in order to practice in the U.S. Each state has its own licensing procedures and requirements which are listed online.

There are currently 22 AVMA-recognized veterinary specialties. Applicants may pursue board certification in a particular specialty or two after obtaining a DVM/VMD degree. You may visit the website of any of the AVMA-recognized veterinary specialty organizations by visiting the AVMA American Board of Veterinary Specialties website.

Veterinarian's Oath

Being admitted to the profession of veterinary medicine, I solemnly swear to use my scientific knowledge and skills for the benefit of society through the protection of animal health, the relief of animal suffering, the conservation of livestock resources, the promotion of public health, and the advancement of medical knowledge. I will practice my profession conscientiously, with dignity, and in keeping with the principles of veterinary medical ethics. I accept as a lifelong obligation the continual improvement of my professional knowledge and competence.

Important Links

• American Veterinary Medical Association
• Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges
• Veterinary Medical College Application Service
• American Pre Veterinary Medical Association
• Graduate Record Examinations

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How Long Does it Take to Become a Veterinarian?

Reviewed by Jacob Imm

Jul 13, 2022

How Long Does it Take to Become a Veterinarian? 

Whether becoming a veterinarian has been a dream of yours since early childhood or an interest that sparked later in life, it’s likely rooted in a deep love of animals. That probably means you’re committed to working as a vet—no matter the requirements.

Still, the practical side of you may be wondering, “How long does it take to become a veterinarian?”

Timelines for completing veterinary school and joining the field as a licensed veterinarian can take anywhere between seven and nine years. However, your exact timeline may vary depending on your undergraduate program, whether you attend school full-time or part-time, and whether you choose to gain certification in a specific specialty. 

Fortunately, this article will go over everything you need to know about how much time you should expect to spend obtaining the veterinary education, licenses, and certifications you’ll need to start practicing. Keep reading to learn more.

The First 3 to 5 Years: Earning Your Bachelor’s Degree 

What education is required to be a veterinarian? Before you can apply for veterinary school, you’ll need to graduate with a bachelor’s degree from an accredited university. Many students finish their undergraduate degree in four years, though the usual range is between three and five years.

While you can theoretically pursue any undergraduate degree ahead of vet school, you might be asking yourself, “ What bachelor’s degree is needed for veterinary school ?” The best bachelor’s degrees for potential veterinarians include:

• Pre-veterinary medicine
• Animal science
• Biochemistry

Instead of a bachelor's degree, after receiving your high school diploma or GED, you could get an associate's degree upon the completion of a 2-year American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) accredited program from a community college, college, or university. With this associate's degree, you could become a veterinary assistant or veterinary technician, but you will need a bachelor’s degree if you want to become a fully licensed veterinarian.

The Next 4 Years: Veterinary School and Licensure

A bachelor’s degree permits you to apply to any one of the 33 accredited veterinary schools in the U.S. according to the American Association of Veterinary Colleges . Once you’ve been accepted, you can earn your Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (D.V.M) in around four years.

To graduate from vet school and earn the veterinary license you need to practice, you must also take and pass the North American Veterinary Licensing Examination (NAVLE) . Successful completion of this exam allows veterinary students to practice veterinary medicine in any U.S. state, as well as in Canada. 

Due to the difficulty of this exam, prospective veterinary students will want to spend plenty of time studying in order to avoid having to retake the exam and delay licensure.

Taking More Time: Optional Internships and Residencies 

After veterinary school, many graduates enter into an internship to hone their skills in a professional environment. Internships offer new vets the opportunity to learn various on-the-job skills. They typically last a year or more.

Vets who hope to specialize in a particular area of veterinary care may also choose to complete a residency. Residency programs typically take two or three years to complete. There are dozens of veterinary specialties to choose from; for example, the American Board of Veterinary Practitioners ( ABVP ) lists programs like:

• Canine and Feline
• Exotic Companion Mammal
• Reptile and Amphibian

If your veterinary profession path is leading you toward a specialization, keep in mind that many veterinary specialties require official certification from the ABVP . Obtaining a specialty certification can take up to three years, on top of your post-secondary schooling.

Why Does Vet School Take So Long? 

Working vets handle an extensive list of medical conditions. Learning how to help numerous species work through dozens of health issues takes hours of studying, exams, and hands-on training. 

Even if you end up choosing a specialty focus, it’s necessary that you begin by learning to care for the health needs of all kinds of animals. The four years you’ll spend in veterinary school will provide you with the ability to do just that. They’ll also help you orient your interests around a specific concentration, should you choose to pursue specialty certification. 

Additionally, your higher education, coupled with internships and residencies, can help you decide what kind of veterinary medicine appeals to you. Veterinarians are needed in a range of settings, including:

• Veterinary clinics 
• Veterinary hospitals
• Zoos and aquariums

In other cases, vets may opt out of directly practicing medicine. Instead, they may use their skills, knowledge, and experience to help prepare future generations of animal caretakers for careers in veterinary science. As you progress through your veterinary education, these dedicated experts will serve as your professors and lab instructors. 

Nearly a decade of post-secondary schooling may seem like a long time, but it's necessary to prepare you for the realities of working as a vet, no matter the specific direction your passions take you in.

Starting Your Veterinary Journey

Becoming a veterinarian takes time and effort, but it’s an undeniably rewarding career that allows you to work closely with animals. In short, it’s time well spent.

Now that you know how to become a veterinarian and the time it takes to become one, if working as a vet appeals to you, your first step is to enroll in an undergraduate program. As you search for schools, look out for institutions that offer pre-veterinary medicine programs , such as North Central College . When you start your journey in a specialized program, you can increase your chances of making it into vet school and having the career of your dreams.

Jacob Imm is the associate director of communications in the North Central College Office of Marketing and Communications. He has 12 years of collegiate communications experience and has worked with hundreds of college students. He has a bachelor’s degree from the University of Notre Dame and a master’s degree from Northern Illinois University.

Sources: 

NAVLE. International Council for Veterinary Assessment. (n.d.). Retrieved April 11, 2022, from https://www.icva.net/navle/

ABVP Residency . American Board of Veterinary Practitioners. (2021, November 15). Retrieved April 11, 2022, from https://abvp.com/residents-students/abvp-residency/  

Become an ABVP Specialist. Retrieved May 9, 2022, from https://abvp.com/veterinary-certification/become-an-abvp-specialist/  

Our Member Institutions. American Association of Veterinary Medical Colleges. (n.d.). Retrieved April 11, 2022, from https://www.aavmc.org/about-aavmc/our-members/listing/

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Veterinary Academy Blog

Getting into Veterinary School: A Guide for High School Students

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If you love animals and have a dream of becoming a vet, you’re probably wondering how to get into vet school. It might seem like a big challenge, but with the right advice and preparation, your chances of getting into veterinary school can significantly improve. In this guide, we’ll break down the process of getting into vet school into easy-to-understand steps, from knowing what’s required to preparing for interviews. This guide is perfect for high school students who are considering a career in veterinary medicine or those who are thinking about a career change later in life—we’ve got plenty of tips to help you on your journey towards a successful career in veterinary medicine.

What Do You Need to Get into Vet School?

Before you can start your journey to becoming a vet, you need to understand the requirements to get into vet school. Meeting these requirements can increase your chances of getting accepted and set you on the right path to becoming a successful vet.

Courses you need to take: Veterinary schools usually require you to complete certain courses before you apply. These often include subjects like biology, chemistry, physics, and/or math. Remember to check the specific requirements of your desired schools and consider taking advanced high school or college classes to strengthen your application.

GPA requirements: Along with the necessary courses, most vet schools have minimum GPA requirements. While these can vary, you’re generally expected to have strong grades, especially in related fields like science. Maintaining a high GPA throughout high school and college is key to showing your dedication to the field.

Extracurricular activities: Veterinary schools appreciate applicants who have involved themselves in activities related to veterinary medicine. This could be volunteering at animal shelters, working at a vet clinic, or joining an animal welfare organization. These activities not only show your passion for the field, but also help you gain practical experience.

How to Prepare Your Vet School Application

Applying for vet school involves several important components, much like applying to any college. When preparing to begin the application process, give yourself a leg up by compiling the necessary materials in advance:

Personal statement: This is your chance to tell the admissions committee about your passion for veterinary medicine and why you’ll make a great vet. You should spend time reflecting on your experiences and goals, and craft a statement that highlights your dedication to the field.

Letters of recommendation: These should come from people who know you well and can speak to your abilities and commitment. This could be a teacher, a veterinarian you’ve worked with, or an employer. Make sure to give them plenty of time to write the letters! At least one month is preferable.

Preparing for the Veterinary College Admission Test (VCAT): The VCAT is a standardized test that checks your knowledge and skills in various areas of veterinary medicine. To prepare for the exam, you might want to consider enrolling in a test prep course or using study resources such as practice exams and review books. Make sure you dedicate enough time to studying!

How to Get Relevant, Hands-On Experience

Getting into veterinary school isn’t just about having good grades. Your dedication to caring for animals should be demonstrated through your own practical experience in the field. Here are some ways you can gain that experience:

Volunteer at an animal shelter or clinic. This will give you the chance to work directly with animals and learn from experienced professionals.

Look for internships or shadowing opportunities at vet clinics or hospitals. This can give you a firsthand look at the daily life of a vet.

Participate in research or animal-related projects . These can help you develop important skills and learn about new developments in veterinary medicine.

Veterinary Academy programs can help you earn valuable, hands-on experience with animals. You can even earn up to 60 veterinary hours to include with your vet school application!

Picking the Right Vet School

Choosing the right vet school is a big decision and an important step towards achieving your dream of becoming a vet. Here’s what you should think about:

Looking into accredited programs . Make sure you look into vet schools that are accredited by the relevant regulatory bodies. This ensures that the program meets certain standards and will prepare you for a successful career as a vet.

Considering location and cost. The location and cost of the vet school are practical considerations that can have a big impact on your experience. Think about whether you’d prefer to study close to home or are open to exploring new places. Also, consider the cost of tuition, living expenses, and the availability of scholarships or financial aid.

Evaluating specific program offerings . Each vet school may have unique offerings and areas of specialization. Think about your interests and career goals to find a program that suits you. Look into the curriculum, faculty expertise, research opportunities, and any specialized tracks or concentrations that might interest you.

– Veterinary School Blog

Breaking Down Veterinary Education Requirements

If you have your sights set on getting into a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) program, there are plenty of things you can be doing now to prepare. The path to becoming a veterinarian begins before vet school, so it’s important to stay organized as you begin to think about everything you’ll need to include in your applications.

Read on for a brief overview of the veterinary education requirements you should be working toward as a pre-vet student.

Core vet school requirements all veterinary hopefuls should know

If you’re lucky enough to find yourself enrolled at an undergraduate institution with a pre-veterinary track, you’ve likely been able to receive some clear-cut guidance on the veterinary education requirements you should be taking care of before applying to vet school.

But if you don’t have the assistance of a pre-vet counselor, you likely have questions. What courses are required for vet school? What other veterinary education requirements are there?

Consider this your simplified breakdown of the two core requirements you’ll be expected to meet.

Vet school prerequisite courses

Specific requirements may differ from one program to the next, but most vet schools expect applicants to have a bachelor’s degree. While your undergraduate major isn’t important, you do want to make sure you’ve completed all the necessary veterinary school prerequisites .

Required coursework will vary depending on the programs you apply to, but you can look into specifics using the Veterinary Medical School Admission Requirements (VMSAR) directory. In general, you can expect to complete a number of different science courses, such as biology, chemistry, and physics. Many programs also require mathematics, English, and humanities classes.

It’s also worth noting that some schools have minimum grade requirements, both for your science GPA and your overall GPA. Even the schools that aren’t as specific still have averages to consider. St. George’s University (SGU), for example, has an average cumulative GPA of 3.26 and an average science GPA of 3.14.*

Animal and veterinary experience

In addition to academic requirements, DVM programs also look for applicants who have amassed some animal and veterinary experience—and it’s important to note that there is a distinct difference between the two.

Animal experience generally refers to working around animals in a non-medical fashion while veterinary experience must take place under the supervision of a licensed veterinarian. Examples of the former include things like working at dog kennels or horse stables. The latter would include working in a clinic alongside a small animal vet or participating in veterinary research efforts .

Animal experience is certainly helpful, but veterinary experience is often prioritized. Programs may or may not specify how many hours of veterinary experience, but the average expectation is that they fall within the range of 500–1,000 hours.

Apply to vet school with confidence

As you continue down the path to becoming a veterinarian, you’re now better equipped to understand the veterinary education requirements you’ll need to complete if you want to get into a high-quality DVM program. That said, there are still a few more application components you’ll need to prepare for.

Learn more about what to expect with our article “ Vet School Applications: Everything You Need to Know About VMCAS .”

*Institutional data based on previous six terms (as of July 2022).

Related Articles

Vet School GPA: How Do Grades Affect Your Acceptance Odds?

A Look at the Veterinary School Prerequisites You’ll Need to Complete

Vet School Success: Tips from Caribbean Vet School Grads

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A vocational school student stuns China by besting university competitors in a math contest

A 17-year-old vocational school student from rural China has become a celebrity on Chinese social media after getting into the final round of a math competition, beating many others from elite universities while raising questions about the education system

A 17-year-old vocational school student from rural China became a celebrity on social media after reaching the final round of a math competition, beating many others from top universities and raising questions about the education system .

Jiang Ping, who is studying fashion design, finished 12th in the Alibaba Global Math Competition, one of 802 who made it to the final round — an eight-hour test that takes place Saturday.

A video that included an interview with Jiang got more than 800,000 likes and 90,000 comments after it was posted on social media by Damo Academy, the organizer of the contest. Most expressed their amazement, while some questioned if it was real.

Jiang says in the video interview that she didn’t think she deserved to join the competition, even though she enjoys working on advanced math as it “brings out my desire to explore.”

Congratulations poured in. People visited her parents’ home in a village in Jiangsu province on China’s east coast with alcohol and money to show support. Her pictures were shown on the walls of shopping malls in her hometown, Lianshui. Zhejiang University and Jiangsu University praised her on their Weibo accounts.

While it was unclear how Jiang ended up in vocational school, her story still reminded some in China of the inequality between rural and urban areas and how that can make it harder for even talented students to climb the economic ladder.

“While Jiang Ping is openly celebrated, many Chinese feel deep down inside that her story highlights the hopelessness of Chinese education,” said Jiang Xueqin, a China-based education researcher. “The odds are fundamentally stacked against ordinary Chinese, without power, wealth, or ‘guanxi,’” the Chinese term for connections.

Inequality in education appears to have worsened in recent years. Spending on education in rural areas was 17% less than in cities in 2019 for the nine years of compulsory education in China, which does not include high school. It was only 2% lower in 2013, based on calculations from data in a Peking University report on the urban-rural gap in per capita expenditure.

Ministry of Education data show that 70% of students in China’s vocational schools are from rural areas. The high percentage suggests that the education system works like a caste system, Jiang, the researcher said.

Jiang, the math whiz, is the only vocational school student among all the finalists. The others, who are mostly Chinese, mainly come from top-tier universities such as Cambridge, MIT and Caltech, as well as China’s top two, Tsinghua and Peking University. Winners will be awarded $2,000 to $30,000 in prize money.

The competition was started six years ago by Alibaba, a Chinese e-commerce giant. Jack Ma, then-executive chair of Alibaba Group , said the goal was to find students who enjoy math and encourage and support them.

Jiang did well enough on the entrance exam to go to high school, the Communist Party secretary of her vocational school told state broadcaster CCTV.

The secretary said she applied to the vocational school instead of a high school because her older sister and good friends were students there. Other Chinese media said it was because she came from a poor family, and vocational school gave her a scholarship.

Attempts to reach Jiang were unsuccessful. A call to her school was unanswered and Damo Academy, an affiliate of Alibaba, didn’t respond to an email.

Jiang says in the video interview that her plan is to get into a good university. It’s not impossible, though vocational school students only have access to certain institutions.

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