is a book report a essay

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A Beginner's Guide to Writing a Book Report (with Examples)

Last Updated: June 25, 2024 Fact Checked

• Researching
• Drafting the Report
• Reviewing & Revising

Sample Book Reports & Summaries

Expert q&a.

This article was co-authored by Jake Adams and by wikiHow staff writer, Raven Minyard, BA . Jake Adams is an academic tutor and the owner of Simplifi EDU, a Santa Monica, California based online tutoring business offering learning resources and online tutors for academic subjects K-College, SAT & ACT prep, and college admissions applications. With over 14 years of professional tutoring experience, Jake is dedicated to providing his clients the very best online tutoring experience and access to a network of excellent undergraduate and graduate-level tutors from top colleges all over the nation. Jake holds a BS in International Business and Marketing from Pepperdine University. There are 8 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 1,425,761 times.

A book report is a short essay that summarizes and analyzes a work of fiction or nonfiction. Writing a book report may not seem fun at first, but it gives you a great chance to fully understand a work and its author. In this article, we’ll teach you everything you need to know about how to write a book report, from choosing a book and outlining to drafting and editing your final paper.

Things You Should Know

• Read the entire book and take notes on important themes, characters, and events. Use your notes to create an outline with evidence that supports your analysis.
• Include the title and author in your intro, then summarize the plot, main characters, and setting of the book.
• Analyze the author’s writing style, as well as the main themes and arguments of the book. Include quotes and examples to support your statements.

Researching Your Book Report

• For example, find out if your teacher wants you to include citations, such as page numbers from the book, in your report.
• Ask your teacher how much of your paper to devote to summary versus analysis. Most book reports are direct summaries with objective analysis rather than your personal opinions. In contrast, a book review or commentary is more opinion-driven.

• Some popular books for book reports include To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, Animal Farm by George Orwell, and The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins. Choose a book at your grade level.

• Author: Who wrote the book? Do you know any other works by this author?
• Genre: Is the book fiction or nonfiction? If it’s fiction, is it historical, fantasy, horror, etc.? If it’s nonfiction, is it a biography, memoir, science, etc.?
• Audience: Who would find this book appealing? Is it intended for a specific age range or gender? Do you typically enjoy books like this?
• Title: Does the title catch your interest? Does it fit well with the book’s content?
• Book Cover/Illustrations: What does the book cover convey and does it accurately represent the book? How do you feel when you look at it? If the book has illustrations, what are they and do they hold your interest?

• Take breaks while reading to keep your attention sharp. Try to find a pace that is comfortable for you. If you get distracted after 15 minutes, read in 15-minute intervals. If you can go an hour, read for an hour at a time.
• Give yourself enough time to read the entire book. It’s very difficult to write a book report if you’ve just skimmed over everything. Don’t procrastinate!
• Don’t trust online book summaries. You can’t guarantee that they are accurate or true to the text.

• For example, look for a sentence that clearly describes a main setting in the book, such as “The castle was gloomy and made out of large black stones.”

Outlining Your Book Report

• Introduction: Introduce the title, author, and publication information. Include a brief overview of the book’s genre and main theme, and state your purpose for writing the report.
• Summary: Concisely summarize the plot or central idea, highlighting main events, characters, and conflicts. Focus on important aspects while avoiding spoilers.
• Analysis and Evaluation: Evaluate the author’s writing style and use of literary devices, like foreshadowing, metaphors, imagery, etc. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the book and use quotes and examples from the text.
• Themes and Messages: Identify the book’s main themes or messages and how they develop through the course of the book. Provide specific quotes and examples.
• Character Analysis: Analyze the main characters in the book, their development, and their relationships. Explain their motivations, personalities, and significance to the story. Provide examples and quotes to support your analysis.
• Personal Reflection: Depending on your teacher’s instructions, you might share your personal opinions and discuss what you liked and disliked about the book. Reflect on how the book relates to broader themes or issues.
• Conclusion: Summarize your main points and conclude with your final thoughts or reflections on the book.
• Bibliography: If required, include a works cited page or bibliography listing all the sources you used to write your book report.
• Outlining takes time, but it saves you more time once you reach the editing stage.
• Some people prefer to outline with pen and paper, while others just type up a list on the computer. Choose the method that works best for you.

• Be careful not to overuse quotes. If it seems like every other line is a quote, try to dial back. Aim to include a maximum of one quotation per paragraph. Quotes and examples should still take a backseat to your summary.

• For example, you’ll likely need to focus primarily on discussing the most important characters or the characters that appear most frequently in the text.
• When you are finished with your outline, go back through it to see if it makes sense. If the paragraphs don’t flow into one another, move them around or add/delete new ones until they do.
• Also, check to see if your outline covers all of the major elements of the book, such as the plot, characters, and setting.

Writing Your Book Report

• For example, a sentence summary might state, “This book is about the main character’s journey to Africa and what she learns on her travels.”
• Don’t take up too much space with your introduction. In general, an introduction should be 3-6 sentences long, though in rare cases, they may be longer or shorter.

• Use vivid language when you can and include plenty of details. For example, you might write, “The farm was surrounded by rolling hills.”

• For instance, if the main character moves to Africa, you might describe what happens before the move, how the move goes, and how they settle in once they arrive.

• For example, you might write that the main character is “a middle-aged woman who enjoys the finer things in life, such as designer clothes.” Then, connect this description to the plot summary by describing how her views change after her travels, if they do.
• Expect to introduce the characters in the same sentences and paragraphs as the plot introduction.

• You might write, “The author argues that travel gives you a new perspective. That is why her main characters all seem happier and more grounded after visiting new places.”
• For fiction, determine if the author is using the story to pass along a certain moral or lesson. For example, a book about an underdog athlete could encourage readers to take chances to pursue their dreams.

• For example, an author who uses lots of slang terms is probably going for a hip, approachable style.

• Some teachers require, or strongly suggest, that you include the author’s name and the book title in your concluding paragraph.
• When writing a conclusion , don’t introduce any new thoughts. Any important points should be made in your body paragraphs. Save the space for your recap.

Reviewing and Revising Your Book Report

• Before you submit your paper, make sure that you’ve spelled the author’s name and any character names correctly.
• Don’t trust your computer’s spell check to catch all the errors for you. Spell check can be helpful, but it isn’t perfect and can make mistakes.

• If you’re nervous about asking, try saying something like “It would be great if you could go over my book report and make sure that it reads smoothly.”
• Remember, no one’s first draft is perfect, so don’t get upset if someone suggests you do something differently. They want to help make your report the best it can be, so don’t take constructive criticism personally.

• For example, double-check that you are using the correct font, font size, and margins.
• Once you've finished proofreading, revising, and checking that you've addressed all the requirements, you're ready to submit your book report!

• Even though your book report is your own work, avoid using “I” too much. It can make your writing feel choppy. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
• It might be tempting to watch the movie or read the online notes instead of reading the book. Resist this urge! Your teacher will be able to tell the difference. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

Tips from our Readers

• Calm down and walk around if you get too frustrated while writing. If you write a book report while angry, you're more likely to misspell things!
• Choose a unique book. Harry Potter or Percy Jackson is an absolute no. Everyone chooses those. Try something different!
• Write when anything comes to mind! You don't want to lose your ideas!

• Give yourself plenty of time to write your report. Don’t wait until the last minute or you may feel rushed. Thanks Helpful 2 Not Helpful 0
• Stealing or using another person’s work is considered plagiarism and academic dishonesty. Make sure that the work you submit is all your own. Thanks Helpful 1 Not Helpful 0

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://www.aresearchguide.com/write-book-report.html
• ↑ Jake Adams. Academic Tutor & Test Prep Specialist. Expert Interview. 24 July 2020.
• ↑ https://grammark.org/how-to-write-a-book-report/
• ↑ https://takelessons.com/blog/steps-to-writing-a-book-report
• ↑ https://www.infoplease.com/homework-help/homework-center-writing-book-report
• ↑ https://liberalarts.oregonstate.edu/wlf/what-setting
• ↑ https://www.tcc.edu/wp-content/uploads/archive/writing-center-handouts/essay-types-plot-summary.pdf
• ↑ https://www.cornerstone.edu/blog-post/six-steps-to-really-edit-your-paper/

About This Article

To write a book report, start by introducing the author and the name of the book and then briefly summarizing the story. Next, discuss the main themes and point out what you think the author is trying to suggest to the reader. Finally, write about the author’s style of writing, paying particular attention to word choice and the overall tone of the book. For tips on editing and polishing your paper before turning it in, keep reading! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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How to Write a Book Report (Guide, Examples & Templates)

Don’t let a book report intimidate you. With this step-by-step guide, you’ll learn how to write a book report that not only meets your teacher’s expectations but also reflects your unique perspective.

Get ready to ace your assignment.

What Is a Book Report?

Table of Contents

A book report is a summary and analysis of a book that you have read. It provides a detailed account of the book’s content, its main themes, characters, and plot, as well as your personal reflections on the book.

Book reports are typically assigned to help students practice their reading comprehension and writing skills.

A book report differs from a book review.

While a book review focuses on the reader’s opinions and is often found in newspapers or magazines, a book report is more structured and provides a straightforward summary and analysis of the text.

It helps teachers gauge students’ understanding and interpretation of the book.

Types of Book Reports

Understanding the different types of book reports is essential as each has a unique focus and structure.

Here, we break down the main types:

Summary Book Report

A summary book report focuses on providing a concise summary of the book’s main points. It covers the key elements such as the plot, characters, and main themes without going into too much detail.

Key Elements:

• Overview of the main plot points.
• Brief descriptions of main characters.
• Discussion of the central themes.

Character Analysis Book Report

This type of book report delves into the analysis of one or more characters from the book. It examines their traits, motivations, and development throughout the story.

• Detailed analysis of main characters.
• Exploration of character motivations and actions.
• Discussion of character development.

Theme Analysis Book Report

A theme analysis book report focuses on the central themes of the book.

It explores how the author conveys these themes and how they are developed throughout the narrative.

• Identification of major themes.
• Analysis of how these themes are portrayed.
• Examples from the text to support the analysis.

Comparative Book Report

A comparative book report compares two or more books, examining their similarities and differences. This type of report often requires a deeper level of analysis and critical thinking.

• Comparison of plot elements.
• Analysis of character similarities and differences.
• Examination of themes across the books.

What Should Go Into a Book Report?

When writing a book report, it’s important to include several key elements to ensure it is comprehensive and informative.

Each element serves a specific purpose in providing a thorough analysis of the book.

• Title and Author : Start with the book’s title and the author’s name. This sets the stage for your report and provides the necessary context for the reader.
• Plot Summary : Provide a brief summary of the book’s plot. Focus on the main events and avoid excessive details or spoilers.
• Characters : Describe the main characters and their roles in the story. Discuss their personalities, motivations, and development.
• Themes : Discuss the main themes and messages of the book. Explain how these themes are conveyed and their significance.
• Personal Reflection : Share your thoughts and opinions about the book. Discuss how it affected you, what you liked or disliked, and any lessons you learned.
• Conclusion : Summarize your overall impressions and the book’s impact on you. Provide a final recommendation and discuss whether you would suggest this book to others.

Book Report Outline

Creating an outline before writing your book report can help organize your thoughts and ensure you cover all necessary points.

Here’s a detailed outline to follow:

• Title and Author
• Publication Date
• Brief introduction to the book’s context or background
• Brief overview of the main events
• Major turning points
• Resolution of the story
• Main characters and their descriptions
• Character development and growth
• Important relationships between characters
• Central themes
• How they are portrayed
• Examples from the text to support your analysis
• Your opinion on the book
• How it affected you
• Any connections you made with the book
• Overall impressions
• Recommendation
• Final thoughts on the book’s impact

Next, we’ll go over how to write a book report in detail (covering all the steps). Then, I’ll give you a few templates and share a few full examples.

How to Write a Book Report

Writing a book report involves several steps that ensure a thorough analysis and clear presentation of your thoughts.

Below, we provide a step-by-step guide with detailed explanations for each step.

Step 1: Read the Book

Reading the book thoroughly is the first and most crucial step.

As you read, take notes on the main plot points, character developments, and significant quotes.

Highlight sections that you find particularly important or that you might want to reference in your report. This will make it easier to recall details when you start writing.

Step 2: Understand the Assignment

Make sure you understand the specific requirements of your book report assignment.

Different teachers may have different expectations regarding the length and content of the report.

Pay attention to the required length, format, and specific points that need to be covered. Understanding these requirements will help you tailor your report to meet the expectations.

Step 3: Create an Outline

Use the book report outline provided above to organize your thoughts and structure your report.

This will help you stay on track and ensure that you cover all necessary points

An outline serves as a roadmap for your report.

In addition to the outline above, I’ve also added a few templates later in this article that you can use.

Step 4: Write the Introduction

The introduction sets the stage for your report. Begin with the book’s title, author, and genre.

Provide some background information about the book, such as its publication date and any relevant historical context.

This could be information about the author’s inspiration, the historical period in which the book was written, or its reception at the time of publication.

Step 5: Summarize the Plot

Write a brief summary of the book’s plot. Focus on the main events and turning points, but avoid giving away any spoilers.

The plot summary should be concise yet comprehensive.

It’s a balancing act, for sure, but you’ll get better with a little practice.

Reading the examples in this guide will help you understand the balance you need.

Step 6: Analyze the Characters

Character analysis involves examining the traits, motivations, and growth of the main characters.

Describe the main characters and their roles in the story. Discuss how they develop throughout the book and what their actions reveal about them.

Discuss how they interact with one another and how they change over the course of the story.

Highlight any significant relationships or conflicts that contribute to their development.

Step 7: Discuss the Themes

Themes are the underlying messages or central ideas in the book.

Identify the central themes of the book and explain how they are portrayed.

Use specific examples and quotes from the text to illustrate your points. Explain why these themes are important and how they contribute to the overall meaning of the book.

Step 8: Reflect on the Book

Share your personal thoughts and opinions about the book. Discuss how it affected you and what you learned from it.

Talk about what you liked or disliked, any emotions it evoked, and any lessons you took away.

This section is an opportunity to connect your personal experiences with the content of the book.

Step 9: Write the Conclusion

The conclusion wraps up your report. Summarize your overall impressions of the book.

Provide a final recommendation and discuss whether you would suggest this book to others. This helps readers understand the impact of the book and its relevance.

Step 10: Proofread and Edit

Review your book report for any grammatical errors or typos. Make sure your writing is clear and concise.

Check for grammatical mistakes, spelling errors, and clarity.

Ensure that your writing flows smoothly and that your points are clearly communicated.

Before we go into the book report templates, check out this video on how to write a book report:

Book Report Templates

As promised, here are the book report templates you can use as your outline and inspiration.

Template 1: Summary Book Report

Title : Author : Genre : Publication Date :

Plot Summary : (Brief overview of the main events)

Characters : (Descriptions of the main characters)

Themes : (Discussion of the central themes)

Personal Reflection : (Your opinion and how the book affected you)

Conclusion : (Overall impressions and recommendation)

Template 2: Character Analysis Book Report

Character Analysis : (Detailed analysis of one or more characters)

Template 3: Theme Analysis Book Report

Theme Analysis : (Detailed analysis of the central themes)

Book Report Examples

Let’s go over some examples to show you exactly how to write a book report.

Keep in mind that I purposely made these examples shorter than you’ll probably want to write to save time and space in this blog post.

Example 1: Summary Book Report

Title : To Kill a Mockingbird Author : Harper Lee Genre : Fiction Publication Date : 1960

Plot Summary : The story is set in the 1930s in the fictional town of Maycomb, Alabama. It follows Scout Finch, her brother Jem, and their father Atticus Finch, a lawyer who defends a black man accused of raping a white woman. The book explores themes of racial injustice, moral growth, and empathy.

Characters :

• Scout Finch : The narrator and protagonist.
• Atticus Finch : Scout’s father, a lawyer, and moral backbone of the story.
• Jem Finch : Scout’s older brother.
• Tom Robinson : The black man accused of rape.
• Racial Injustice : The unfair treatment of black people in the legal system.
• Moral Growth : The development of Scout and Jem’s understanding of right and wrong.
• Empathy : Understanding others’ perspectives.

Personal Reflection : To Kill a Mockingbird deeply moved me. The themes of racial injustice and moral growth are still relevant today. The characters are well-developed, and the story is powerful and thought-provoking.

Conclusion : Overall, To Kill a Mockingbird is a must-read. It offers valuable lessons on empathy and justice. I highly recommend it.

Example 2: Character Analysis Book Report

Title : Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone Author : J.K. Rowling Genre : Fantasy Publication Date : 1997

Plot Summary : Harry Potter discovers he is a wizard on his 11th birthday. He attends Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, makes friends, and uncovers the truth about his parents’ deaths. He confronts the dark wizard Voldemort.

Character Analysis :

• Harry Potter : An orphaned boy who learns he is a wizard. Brave, loyal, and determined.
• Hermione Granger : Harry’s intelligent and resourceful friend. Known for her knowledge and quick thinking.
• Ron Weasley : Harry’s loyal and humorous friend. Comes from a large, loving family.
• Friendship : The bond between Harry, Hermione, and Ron.
• Courage : Harry’s bravery in the face of danger.
• Identity : Harry discovering who he is and his place in the wizarding world.

Personal Reflection : Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone is an enchanting and exciting read. The characters are relatable and well-developed. The themes of friendship and courage resonate deeply.

Conclusion : This book is a fantastic start to the Harry Potter series. It’s engaging and full of wonder. Highly recommended for all ages.

Example 3: Theme Analysis Book Report

Title : The Great Gatsby Author : F. Scott Fitzgerald Genre : Fiction Publication Date : 1925

Plot Summary : Set in the 1920s, the novel follows Nick Carraway as he observes the life of his mysterious neighbor, Jay Gatsby. Gatsby’s pursuit of the American Dream leads to his tragic downfall.

• Jay Gatsby : Wealthy and mysterious protagonist.
• Nick Carraway : The narrator and Gatsby’s neighbor.
• Daisy Buchanan : Gatsby’s love interest.
• Tom Buchanan : Daisy’s wealthy and arrogant husband.

Theme Analysis :

• The American Dream : The novel critiques the idea of the American Dream, showing its corruption and unattainability.
• Class and Society : Explores the differences and conflicts between social classes.
• Love and Obsession : Gatsby’s love for Daisy borders on obsession, leading to his demise.

Personal Reflection : The Great Gatsby is a poignant exploration of the American Dream and its flaws. The characters are complex, and the themes are timeless and thought-provoking.

Conclusion : This classic novel is a critical examination of society and ambition. It’s a must-read for anyone interested in American literature.

How to Write a Book Report for Different Grades

Book reports vary in complexity depending on the grade level.

Younger students focus on basic comprehension, while older students are expected to provide deeper analysis and critical thinking. Here’s a guide for writing book reports tailored to different grade levels.

Third-grade book reports should be simple and focus on the basics.

Encourage students to summarize the plot and discuss their favorite parts of the book.

For third graders, a book report helps develop reading comprehension and writing skills. Reports should include the title, author, and a brief summary.

• Title and Author : Clearly state the title and the author’s name.
• Plot Summary : Provide a simple summary of the book’s plot.
• Favorite Characters : Describe one or two characters they liked.
• Personal Opinion : Share what they liked best about the book.

Title : Charlotte’s Web Author : E.B. White

Plot Summary : This is a story about a pig named Wilbur and his friendship with a spider named Charlotte. Charlotte helps save Wilbur from being slaughtered by writing words in her web.

Favorite Characters : Wilbur is kind and brave. Charlotte is smart and caring.

Personal Opinion : I liked the book because it shows the importance of friendship.

Fifth-grade book reports should be more detailed. Students should discuss characters, plot, and themes in more depth.

Fifth-grade book reports aim to build analytical skills.

They should include a summary, character analysis, and personal reflections.

• Title and Author : Include the book’s title and the author’s name.
• Plot Summary : Provide a detailed summary of the book.
• Character Analysis : Discuss the main characters and their roles.
• Themes : Identify and explain the main themes.
• Personal Reflection : Share personal thoughts and opinions about the book.

Title : The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Author : C.S. Lewis

Plot Summary : Four siblings discover a magical land called Narnia inside a wardrobe. They join forces with Aslan, a great lion, to defeat the White Witch and bring peace to Narnia.

• Peter : The oldest, brave and protective.
• Susan : Practical and nurturing.
• Edmund : Initially betrays his siblings but redeems himself.
• Lucy : Curious and kind-hearted.
• Good vs. Evil : The battle between Aslan and the White Witch.
• Redemption : Edmund’s journey from betrayal to heroism.

Personal Reflection : I enjoyed the book’s magical elements and the message of bravery and redemption.

Eighth graders should write more complex book reports, including detailed analyses of themes and characters, as well as personal reflections.

Eighth-grade book reports help students develop critical thinking.

They should provide a comprehensive analysis of the book’s elements.

• Plot Summary : Provide a detailed summary with major plot points.
• Character Analysis : Discuss the main and secondary characters, their development, and relationships.
• Theme Analysis : Identify and explore the main themes with examples from the text.
• Personal Reflection : Share personal thoughts, connections, and lessons learned.
• Conclusion : Summarize your overall impressions and provide a final recommendation.

Title : The Outsiders Author : S.E. Hinton

Plot Summary : The novel follows the lives of two rival groups, the Greasers and the Socs, in a small American town. It focuses on Ponyboy Curtis and his struggles with class conflict, violence, and identity.

• Ponyboy Curtis : The sensitive and thoughtful protagonist.
• Johnny Cade : Ponyboy’s best friend, whose tragic fate impacts everyone.
• Dallas Winston : A hardened Greaser with a soft spot for Johnny.
• Cherry Valance : A Soc girl who befriends Ponyboy and shows him the common humanity between their groups.
• Class Conflict : The tension between the Greasers and the Socs.
• Violence and Its Consequences : The impact of violence on individuals and communities.
• Identity and Belonging : Ponyboy’s journey to understand himself and where he fits in.

Personal Reflection : The book’s portrayal of class conflict and the search for identity resonated with me. It made me think about how we often judge others based on superficial differences instead of our shared humanity.

Conclusion : The Outsiders is a powerful novel that highlights the importance of empathy and understanding. I highly recommend it for its compelling story and thought-provoking themes.

High School

High school book reports should demonstrate a deeper understanding of the book.

They should include a detailed analysis of themes, characters, and plot, as well as personal reflections and critical evaluations.

Ultimately, high school book reports prepare students for more advanced literary analysis.

• Plot Summary : Provide a detailed summary with key plot points and resolution.
• Character Analysis : Discuss the main and secondary characters, their development, motivations, and relationships.
• Theme Analysis : Identify and explore the main themes with textual evidence and examples.
• Symbolism and Motifs : Analyze significant symbols and recurring motifs in the book.
• Personal Reflection : Share personal insights, connections, and critical evaluations.
• Conclusion : Summarize your overall impressions, provide a final recommendation, and discuss the book’s broader impact.

Title : 1984 Author : George Orwell

Plot Summary : Set in a dystopian future, 1984 follows Winston Smith, a member of the oppressive Party, as he navigates a world of constant surveillance and propaganda. Winston’s growing disillusionment leads him to rebel against the Party, but he ultimately faces severe consequences.

• Winston Smith : The protagonist who struggles with his sense of individuality in a totalitarian society.
• Julia : Winston’s love interest who shares his disdain for the Party.
• O’Brien : A high-ranking Party member who deceives Winston.
• Totalitarianism and Oppression : The dangers of absolute power and the loss of individual freedom.
• Surveillance and Privacy : The impact of constant surveillance on personal freedom.
• Truth and Reality : The manipulation of truth and reality by those in power.

Symbolism and Motifs :

• Big Brother : Represents the Party’s control and surveillance.
• The Glass Paperweight : Symbolizes Winston’s desire to connect with the past.
• Room 101 : Represents the ultimate torture and manipulation of individuals.

Personal Reflection : 1984 is a chilling depiction of a dystopian society. It made me reflect on the importance of individual freedoms and the dangers of unchecked power.

Conclusion : Orwell’s 1984 is a timeless warning about the perils of totalitarianism. Its themes are still relevant today, making it a must-read for understanding the value of freedom and truth.

University-level book reports should be highly analytical and include extensive critical evaluations.

They should also incorporate scholarly sources and references.

At this level, book reports should be at their most sophisticated and in-depth.

• Plot Summary : Provide a comprehensive summary with detailed plot points and resolution.
• Character Analysis : Discuss the main and secondary characters, their development, motivations, relationships, and conflicts.
• Theme Analysis : Identify and explore the main themes with detailed textual evidence and scholarly analysis.
• Symbolism and Motifs : Examine significant symbols, recurring motifs, and their meanings.
• Literary Devices : Analyze the author’s use of literary devices such as metaphor, irony, and foreshadowing.
• Personal Reflection and Critical Evaluation : Share personal insights, connections, critical evaluations, and discuss the book’s broader impact.
• Conclusion : Summarize your overall impressions, provide a final recommendation, and discuss the book’s significance in literature.

Title : Beloved Author : Toni Morrison

Plot Summary : Set after the American Civil War, Beloved tells the story of Sethe, an escaped slave haunted by the ghost of her dead daughter. The novel explores Sethe’s struggles with her past and the impact of slavery on her identity and relationships.

• Sethe : The protagonist, whose traumatic past influences her present.
• Denver : Sethe’s daughter, who seeks to understand her mother’s pain.
• Beloved : The ghost of Sethe’s dead daughter, embodying the haunting legacy of slavery.
• Paul D : A former slave who helps Sethe confront her past.
• Slavery and Its Aftermath : The lasting impact of slavery on individuals and families.
• Motherhood and Sacrifice : The complexities of maternal love and sacrifice.
• Memory and Trauma : The struggle to confront and reconcile with traumatic memories.
• The Color Red : Symbolizes both life and death, pain and passion.
• The Tree on Sethe’s Back : Represents the scars of slavery and the resilience of the human spirit.
• The Ghost : Embodies the haunting presence of the past.

Literary Devices :

• Non-linear Narrative : Represents the scattered pieces of memory and trauma.
• Imagery : Vivid descriptions that evoke the emotional and physical landscapes of the characters.
• Symbolism : Deepens the themes and emotional impact of the story.

Personal Reflection and Critical Evaluation : Beloved is a profound exploration of the legacy of slavery. Its complex characters and themes offer deep insights into the human condition. The novel’s non-linear narrative and rich symbolism challenge readers to engage with the text on multiple levels.

Conclusion : Toni Morrison’s Beloved is a masterpiece of American literature. Its exploration of trauma, memory, and resilience is both powerful and moving. Highly recommended for its literary merit and historical significance.

Final Thoughts: How to Write a Book Report

Congratulations! You’ve learned how to craft an engaging and insightful book report.

Keep honing these skills, and you’ll find that analyzing and discussing books will enhance your appreciation for literature and improve your overall writing ability.

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How to Write a Book Report

Use the links below to jump directly to any section of this guide:

Book Report Fundamentals

Preparing to write, an overview of the book report format, how to write the main body of a book report, how to write a conclusion to a book report, reading comprehension and book reports, book report resources for teachers .

Book reports remain a key educational assessment tool from elementary school through college. Sitting down to close read and critique texts for their content and form is a lifelong skill, one that benefits all of us well beyond our school years. With the help of this guide, you’ll develop your reading comprehension and note-taking skills. You’ll also find resources to guide you through the process of writing a book report, step-by-step, from choosing a book and reading actively to revising your work. Resources for teachers are also included, from creative assignment ideas to sample rubrics.

Book reports follow general rules for composition, yet are distinct from other types of writing assignments. Central to book reports are plot summaries, analyses of characters and themes, and concluding opinions. This format differs from an argumentative essay or critical research paper, in which impartiality and objectivity is encouraged. Differences also exist between book reports and book reviews, who do not share the same intent and audience. Here, you’ll learn the basics of what a book report is and is not.

What Is a Book Report?

"Book Report" ( ThoughtCo )

This article, written by a professor emeritus of rhetoric and English, describes the defining characteristics of book reports and offers observations on how they are composed.

"Writing a Book Report" (Purdue OWL)

Purdue’s Online Writing Lab outlines the steps in writing a book report, from keeping track of major characters as you read to providing adequate summary material.

"How to Write a Book Report" ( Your Dictionary )

This article provides another helpful guide to writing a book report, offering suggestions on taking notes and writing an outline before drafting. 

"How to Write a Successful Book Report" ( ThoughtCo )

Another post from ThoughtCo., this article highlights the ten steps for book report success. It was written by an academic advisor and college enrollment counselor.

What’s the Difference Between a Book Report and an Essay?

"Differences Between a Book Report & Essay Writing" ( Classroom)

In this article from the education resource Classroom,  you'll learn the differences and similarities between book reports and essay writing.

"Differences Between a Book Report and Essay Writing" (SeattlePi.com)

In this post from a Seattle newspaper's website, memoirist Christopher Cascio highlights how book report and essay writing differ.

"The Difference Between Essays and Reports" (Solent Online Learning)

This PDF from Southampton Solent University includes a chart demonstrating the differences between essays and reports. Though it is geared toward university students, it will help students of all levels understand the differing purposes of reports and analytical essays.

What’s the Difference Between a Book Report and a Book Review?

"How to Write a Book Review and a Book Report" (Concordia Univ.)

The library at Concordia University offers this helpful guide to writing book report and book reviews. It defines differences between the two, then presents components that both forms share.

"Book Reviews" (Univ. of North Carolina)

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill’s writing guide shows the step-by-step process of writing book reviews, offering a contrast to the composition of book reports.

Active reading and thoughtful preparation before you begin your book report are necessary components of crafting a successful piece of writing. Here, you’ll find tips and resources to help you learn how to select the right book, decide which format is best for your report, and outline your main points.

Selecting and Finding a Book

"30 Best Books for Elementary Readers" (Education.com)

This article from Education.com lists 30 engaging books for students from kindergarten through fifth grade. It was written by Esme Raji Codell, a teacher, author, and children's literature specialist.

"How to Choose a Good Book for a Report (Middle School)" (WikiHow)

This WikiHow article offers suggestions for middle schoolers on how to choose the right book for a report, from getting started early on the search process to making sure you understand the assignment's requirements.

"Best Book-Report Books for Middle Schoolers" (Common Sense Media)

Common Sense Media has compiled this list of 25 of the best books for middle school book reports. For younger students, the article suggests you check out the site's "50 Books All Kids Should Read Before They're 12."

"50 Books to Read in High School" (Lexington Public Library)

The Lexington, Kentucky Public Library has prepared this list to inspire high school students to choose the right book. It includes both classics and more modern favorites.

The Online Computer Library Center's catalogue helps you locate books in libraries near you, having itemized the collections of 72,000 libraries in 170 countries.

Formats of Book Reports

"Format for Writing a Book Report" ( Your Dictionary )

Here, Your Dictionary supplies guidelines for the basic book report format. It describes what you'll want to include in the heading, and what information to include in the introductory paragraph. Be sure to check these guidelines against your teacher's requirements.

"The Good Old Book Report" (Scholastic)

Nancy Barile’s blog post for Scholastic lists the questions students from middle through high school should address in their book reports.

How to Write an Outline

"Writer’s Web: Creating Outlines" (Univ. of Richmond)

The University of Richmond’s Writing Center shows how you can make use of micro and macro outlines to organize your argument.

"Why and How to Create a Useful Outline" (Purdue OWL)

Purdue’s Online Writing Lab demonstrates how outlines can help you organize your report, then teaches you how to create outlines.

"Creating an Outline" (EasyBib)

EasyBib, a website that generates bibliographies, offers sample outlines and tips for creating your own. The article encourages you to think about transitions and grouping your notes.

"How to Write an Outline: 4 Ways to Organize Your Thoughts" (Grammarly)

This blog post from a professional writer explains the advantages of using an outline, and presents different ways to gather your thoughts before writing.

In this section, you’ll find resources that offer an overview of how to write a book report, including first steps in preparing the introduction. A good book report's introduction hooks the reader with strong opening sentences and provides a preview of where the report is going.

"Step-by-Step Outline for a Book Report" ( Classroom )

This article from Classroom furnishes students with a guide to the stages of writing a book report, from writing the rough draft to revising.

"Your Roadmap to a Better Book Report" ( Time4Writing )

Time4Writing offers tips for outlining your book report, and describes all of the information that the introduction, body, and conclusion should include.

"How to Start a Book Report" ( ThoughtCo)

This ThoughtCo. post, another by academic advisor and college enrollment counselor Grace Fleming, demonstrates how to write a pithy introduction to your book report.

"How to Write an Introduction for a Book Report" ( Classroom )

This brief but helpful post from Classroom  details what makes a good book report introduction, down to the level of individual sentences.

The body paragraphs of your book report accomplish several goals: they describe the plot, delve more deeply into the characters and themes that make the book unique, and include quotations and examples from the book. Below are some resources to help you succeed in summarizing and analyzing your chosen text.

Plot Summary and Description

"How Do You Write a Plot Summary?" ( Reference )

This short article presents the goals of writing a plot summary, and suggests a word limit. It emphasizes that you should stick to the main points and avoid including too many specific details, such as what a particular character wears.

"How to Write a Plot for a Book Report" ( The Pen & The Pad )

In this article from a resource website for writers, Patricia Harrelson outlines what information to include in a plot summary for a book report. 

"How to Write a Book Summary" (WikiHow)

Using Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone as an example, this WikiHow article demonstrates how to write a plot summary one step at a time.

Analyzing Characters and Themes

"How to Write a Character Analysis Book Report" ( The Pen & The Pad )

Kristine Tucker shows how to write a book report focusing on character. You can take her suggestions as they are, or consider  incorporating them into the more traditional book report format.

"How to Write a Character Analysis" (YouTube)

The SixMinuteScholar Channel utilizes analysis of the film  Finding Nemo to show you how to delve deeply into character, prioritizing inference over judgment.

"How to Define Theme" ( The Editor's Blog )

Fiction editor Beth Hill contributes an extended definition of theme. She also provides examples of common themes, such as "life is fragile."

"How to Find the Theme of a Book or Short Story" ( ThoughtCo )

This blog post from ThoughtCo. clarifies the definition of theme in relation to symbolism, plot, and moral. It also offers examples of themes in literature, such as love, death, and good vs. evil.

Selecting and Integrating Quotations

"How to Choose and Use Quotations" (Santa Barbara City College)

This guide from a college writing center will help you choose which quotations to use in your book report, and how to blend quotations with your own words.

"Guidelines for Incorporating Quotes" (Ashford Univ.)

This PDF from Ashford University's Writing Center introduces the ICE method for incorporating quotations: introduce, cite, explain.

"Quote Integration" (YouTube)

This video from The Write Way YouTube channel illustrates how to integrate quotations into writing, and also explains how to cite those quotations.

"Using Literary Quotations" (Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison)

This guide from the University of Wisconsin-Madison’s Writing Center helps you emphasize your analysis of a quotation, and explains how to incorporate quotations into your text.

Conclusions to any type of paper are notoriously tricky to write. Here, you’ll learn some creative ways to tie up loose ends in your report and express your own opinion of the book you read. This open space for sharing opinions that are not grounded in critical research is an element that often distinguishes book reports from other types of writing.

"How to Write a Conclusion for a Book Report" ( Classroom )

This brief article from the education resource  Classroom illustrates the essential points you should make in a book report conclusion.

"Conclusions" (Univ. of North Carolina)

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill’s Writing Center lays out strategies for writing effective conclusions. Though the article is geared toward analytical essay conclusions, the tips offered here will also help you write a strong book report.

"Ending the Essay: Conclusions" (Harvard College Writing Center)

Pat Bellanca’s article for Harvard University’s Writing Center presents ways to conclude essays, along with tips. Again, these are suggestions for concluding analytical essays that can also be used to tie up a book report's loose ends.

Reading closely and in an engaged manner is the strong foundation upon which all good book reports are built. The resources below will give you a picture of what active reading looks like, and offer strategies to assess and improve your reading comprehension. Further, you’ll learn how to take notes—or “annotate” your text—making it easier to find important information as you write.

How to Be an Active Reader

"Active Reading Strategies: Remember and Analyze What You Read" (Princeton Univ.)

Princeton University’s McGraw Center for Teaching and Learning recommends ten strategies for active reading, and includes sample diagrams.

"Active Reading" (Open Univ.)

The Open University offers these techniques for reading actively alongside video examples. The author emphasizes that you should read for comprehension—not simply to finish the book as quickly as possible.

"7 Active Reading Strategies for Students" ( ThoughtCo )

In this post, Grace Fleming outlines seven methods for active reading. Her suggestions include identifying unfamiliar words and finding the main idea. 

"5 Active Reading Strategies for Textbook Assignments" (YouTube)

Thomas Frank’s seven-minute video demonstrates how you can retain the most important information from long and dense reading material.

Assessing Your Reading Comprehension

"Macmillan Readers Level Test" (MacMillan)

Take this online, interactive test from a publishing company to find out your reading level. You'll be asked a number of questions related to grammar and vocabulary.

"Reading Comprehension Practice Test" (ACCUPLACER)

ACCUPLACER is a placement test from The College Board. This 20-question practice test will help you see what information you retain after reading short passages.

"Reading Comprehension" ( English Maven )

The English Maven site has aggregated exercises and tests at various reading levels so you can quiz your reading comprehension skills.

How to Improve Your Reading Comprehension

"5 Tips for Improving Reading Comprehension" ( ThoughtCo )

ThoughtCo. recommends five tips to increase your reading comprehension ability, including reading with tools such as highlighters, and developing new vocabulary.

"How to Improve Reading Comprehension: 8 Expert Tips" (PrepScholar)

This blog post from PrepScholar provides ideas for improving your reading comprehension, from expanding your vocabulary to discussing texts with friends.

CrashCourse video: "Reading Assignments" (YouTube)

This CrashCourse video equips you with tools to read more effectively. It will help you determine how much material you need to read, and what strategies you can use to absorb what you read.

"Improving Reading Comprehension" ( Education Corner )

From a pre-reading survey through post-reading review, Education Corner  walks you through steps to improve reading comprehension.

Methods of In-text Annotation

"The Writing Process: Annotating a Text" (Hunter College)

This article from Hunter College’s Rockowitz Writing Center outlines how to take notes on a text and provides samples of annotation.

"How To Annotate Text While Reading" (YouTube)

This video from the SchoolHabits YouTube channel presents eleven annotation techniques you can use for better reading comprehension.

"5 Ways To Annotate Your Books" ( Book Riot )

This article from the Book Riot  blog highlights five efficient annotation methods that will save you time and protect your books from becoming cluttered with unnecessary markings.

"How Do You Annotate Your Books?" ( Epic Reads )

This post from Epic Reads highlights how different annotation methods work for different people, and showcases classic methods from sticky notes to keeping a reading notebook.

Students at every grade level can benefit from writing book reports, which sharpen critical reading skills. Here, we've aggregated sources to help you plan book report assignments and develop rubrics for written and oral book reports. You’ll also find alternative book report assessment ideas that move beyond the traditional formats.

Teaching Elementary School Students How to Write Book Reports

"Book Reports" ( Unique Teaching Resources )

These reading templates courtesy of Unique Teaching Resources make great visual aids for elementary school students writing their first book reports.

"Elementary Level Book Report Template" ( Teach Beside Me )

This   printable book report template from a teacher-turned-homeschooler is simple, classic, and effective. It asks basic questions, such as "who are the main characters?" and "how did you feel about the main characters?"

"Book Reports" ( ABC Teach )

ABC Teach ’s resource directory includes printables for book reports on various subjects at different grade levels, such as a middle school biography book report form and a "retelling a story" elementary book report template.

"Reading Worksheets" ( Busy Teacher's Cafe )

This page from Busy Teachers’ Cafe contains book report templates alongside reading comprehension and other language arts worksheets.

Teaching Middle School and High School Students How to Write Book Reports

"How to Write a Book Report: Middle and High School Level" ( Fact Monster)

Fact Monster ’s Homework Center discusses each section of a book report, and explains how to evaluate and analyze books based on genre for students in middle and high school.

"Middle School Outline Template for Book Report" (Trinity Catholic School)

This PDF outline template breaks the book report down into manageable sections for seventh and eighth graders by asking for specific information in each paragraph.

"Forms for Writing a Book Report for High School" ( Classroom )

In this article for Classroom,  Elizabeth Thomas describes what content high schoolers should focus on when writing their book reports.

"Forms for Writing a Book Report for High School" ( The Pen & The Pad )

Kori Morgan outlines techniques for adapting the book report assignment to the high school level in this post for The Pen & The Pad .

"High School Book Lists and Report Guidelines" (Highland Hall Waldorf School)

These sample report formats, grading paradigms, and tips are collected by Highland Hall Waldorf School. Attached are book lists by high school grade level.

Sample Rubrics

"Book Review Rubric Editable" (Teachers Pay Teachers)

This free resource from Teachers Pay Teachers allows you to edit your book report rubric to the specifications of your assignment and the grade level you teach.

"Book Review Rubric" (Winton Woods)

This PDF rubric from a city school district includes directions to take the assignment long-term, with follow-up exercises through school quarters.

"Multimedia Book Report Rubric" ( Midlink Magazine )

Perfect for oral book reports, this PDF rubric from North Carolina State University's Midlink Magazine  will help you evaluate your students’ spoken presentations.

Creative Book Report Assignments

"25 Book Report Alternatives" (Scholastic)

This article from the Scholastic website lists creative alternatives to the standard book report for pre-kindergarteners through high schoolers.

"Fresh Ideas for Creative Book Reports" ( Education World )

Education World offers nearly 50 alternative book report ideas in this article, from a book report sandwich to a character trait diagram.

"A Dozen Ways to Make Amazingly Creative Book Reports" ( We Are Teachers )

This post from We Are Teachers puts the spotlight on integrating visual arts into literary study through multimedia book report ideas.

"More Ideas Than You’ll Ever Use for Book Reports" (Teachnet.com)

This list from Teachnet.com includes over 300 ideas for book report assignments, from "interviewing" a character to preparing a travel brochure to the location in which the book is set.

"Fifty Alternatives to the Book Report" (National Council of Teachers of English)

In this PDF resource from the NCTE's  English Journal,  Diana Mitchell offers assignment ideas ranging from character astrology signs to a character alphabet.

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How to Write a Book Report (+ Book Report Example) 

Download for free, specific tips for writing effective book reports..

Write better book reports using the tips, examples, and outlines presented here. This resource covers three types of effective book reports: plot summaries, character analyses, and theme analyses. It also features a specific book report example for students.

How to write a book report (+ book report example) 

Whether you're a student looking to show your comprehension of a novel, or simply a book lover wanting to share your thoughts, writing a book report can be a rewarding experience. This guide, filled with tips, tricks, and a book report example, will help you craft a report that effectively communicates your understanding and analysis of your chosen book.

Looking for a printable resource on book reports? See our Printable Book Report Outlines and Examples

What is a book report? 

Book reports can take on many different forms. Writing a book review helps you practice giving your opinion about different aspects of a book, such as an author's use of description or dialogue.

You can write book reports of any type, from fiction to non-fiction research papers, or essay writing; however, there are a few basic elements you need to include to convey why the book you read was interesting when writing a good book report.

Types of book reports 

Three types of effective book reports are plot summaries, character analyses, and theme analyses. Each type focuses on different aspects of the book and requires a unique approach. These three types of book reports will help you demonstrate your understanding of the book in different ways.

Plot summary

When you are writing a plot summary for your book report you don't want to simply summarize the story. You need to explain what your opinion is of the story and why you feel the plot is so compelling, unrealistic, or sappy. It is the way you analyze the plot that will make this a good report. Make sure that you use plenty of examples from the book to support your opinions.

Try starting the report with a sentence similar to the following:

The plot of I Married a Sea Captain , by Monica Hubbard, is interesting because it gives the reader a realistic sense of what it was like to be the wife of a whaling captain and live on Nantucket during the 19th century.

Character analysis

If you choose to write a character analysis, you can explore the physical and personality traits of different characters and the way their actions affect the plot of the book.

• Explore the way a character dresses and what impression that leaves with the reader.
• What positive characteristics does the character possess?
• Does the character have a "fatal flaw" that gets him/her into trouble frequently?
• Try taking examples of dialogue and analyzing the way a character speaks. Discuss the words he/she chooses and the way his/her words affect other characters.
• Finally, tie all of your observations together by explaining the way the characters make the plot move forward.

In the novel Charlotte's Web , by E. B. White, Templeton the rat may seem like an unnecessary character but his constant quest for food moves the plot forward in many ways.

Theme analyses

Exploring the themes (or big ideas that run throughout the story) in a book can be a great way to write a book report because picking a theme that you care about can make the report easier to write. Try bringing some of your thoughts and feelings as a reader into the report as a way to show the power of a theme. Before you discuss your own thoughts, however, be sure to establish what the theme is and how it appears in the story.

• Explain  exactly  what theme you will be exploring in your book report.
• Use as many examples and quotations from the book as possible to prove that the theme is important to the story.
• Make sure that you talk about each example or quotation you've included. Make a direct connection between the theme and the example from the book.
• After you have established the theme and thoroughly examined the way it affects the book, include a few sentences about the impact the theme had upon you and why it made the book more or less enjoyable to read.

In the novel Roll of Thunder Hear My Cry , by Mildred Taylor, the theme of racial prejudice is a major catalyst in the story.

How to write a book report

1. Thoroughly read the book

Immerse yourself in the book, taking the time to read it in its entirety. As you read, jot down notes on important aspects such as key points, themes, and character developments.

2. Identify the main elements of the book

Scrutinize the book's primary components, including its main themes, characters, setting, and plot. These elements will form the basis of your report.

3. Formulate a thesis statement

Compose a thesis statement that encapsulates your personal perspective about the book. This should be a concise statement that will guide your analysis and give your report a clear focus.

4. Create a detailed outline

Plan the structure of your book report. This outline should include an introduction, body paragraphs each focusing on a different aspect of the book, and a conclusion.

5. Craft the introduction

The introduction should provide basic information such as the book's title and author, and present your thesis statement. It should engage the reader and make them interested in your analysis.

6. Write the body of the report

In the body of your report, discuss in detail the book's main elements that you identified in step 3. Use specific examples from the text to support your analysis and to prove your thesis statement.

7. Write a strong conclusion

Your conclusion should summarize your analysis, reaffirm your thesis, and provide a closing thought or reflection on the overall book.

8. Review and edit your report

After writing, take the time to revise your report for clarity and coherence. Check for and correct any grammar or spelling errors. Ensure that your report clearly communicates your understanding and analysis of the book.

9. Include citations

If you have used direct quotes or specific ideas from the book, make sure to include proper citations . This is crucial in academic writing and helps avoid plagiarism.

10. Proofread

Finally, proofread your work. Look for any missed errors and make sure that the report is the best it can be before submitting it.

Book report example 

Below is a book report example on the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee.

In  To Kill a Mockingbird , Harper Lee presents a thoughtful exploration of racial prejudice, morality, and the loss of innocence. Set in the small, fictional town of Maycomb, Alabama, during the Great Depression, the book centers around the Finch family - young Scout, her older brother Jem, and their widowed father, Atticus. Scout's character provides a fresh perspective as she narrates her experiences and observations of the unjust racial prejudice in her town. Her honesty and curiosity, coupled with her father's teachings, allow her to grow from innocence to a more profound understanding of her society's inequalities. The plot revolves around Atticus Finch, a respected lawyer, defending a black man, Tom Robinson, unjustly accused of raping a white woman. As the trial progresses, it becomes clear that Robinson is innocent, and the accusation was a product of racial prejudice. Despite compelling evidence in Robinson's favor, he is convicted, symbolizing the power of bias over truth. The theme of racial prejudice is a significant part of the book. Lee uses the trial and its unjust outcome to critique the racial prejudice prevalent in society. For example, despite Atticus's solid defense, the jury's racial bias leads them to find Robinson guilty. This instance highlights how deeply ingrained prejudice can subvert justice. The book also explores the theme of the loss of innocence. Scout and Jem's experiences with prejudice and injustice lead to their loss of innocence and a better understanding of the world's complexities. For example, Scout's realization of her town's unfair treatment of Robinson demonstrates her loss of innocence and her understanding of societal biases. Overall,  To Kill a Mockingbird  is a compelling exploration of the harsh realities of prejudice and the loss of innocence. Harper Lee's intricate characters and vivid storytelling have made this book a classic.

The above is an excellent book report example for several reasons. First, it provides a clear, concise summary of the plot without giving away the entire story. Second, it analyzes the main characters, their roles, and their impacts on the story. Third, it discusses the major themes of the book - racial prejudice and loss of innocence - and supports these themes with evidence from the text. Finally, it presents a personal perspective on the book's impact and overall message, demonstrating a deep understanding of the book's significance.

Book report checklist

Always  include the following elements in any book report:

• The type of book report you are writing
• The book's title
• The author of the book
• The time when the story takes place
• The location where the story takes place
• The names and a  brief  description of each of the characters you will be discussing
• Many quotations and examples from the book to support your opinions
• A thesis statement
• The point of view of the narrator
• Summary of the book
• The main points or themes discussed in the work of fiction or non-fiction
• The first paragraph (introductory paragraph), body paragraphs, and final paragraph
• The writing styles of the author
• A critical analysis of the fiction or non-fiction book

Don't forget! 

No matter what type of book report you decide to write, ensure it includes basic information about the main characters, and make sure that your writing is clear and expressive so that it’s easy for audiences in middle school, high school, college-level, or any grade level to understand. Also, include examples from the book to support your opinions. Afterward, conduct thorough proofreading to complete the writing process. Book reports may seem disconnected from your other schoolwork, but they help you learn to summarize, compare and contrast, make predictions and connections, and consider different perspectives & skills you'll need throughout your life.

Looking for more writing resources? You can find them in our creative writing center .

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How To Write a Good Book Report in Seven Steps

Are you having trouble writing your book report? Don’t worry, you’ve come to the right place. We’re going to give you seven easy steps that’ll help you write the perfect book report.

Quick Summary on How To Write a Book Report

• As you read the book, highlight and take notes.
• Reread the instructions of the assignment.
• Organize your notes and create an outline.
• Write a compelling introduction.
• Include quotations, examples, and supporting evidence in the body paragraphs.
• Encapsulate the main point of your text in the conclusion.
• Edit and proofread.

What Is a Book Report?

A book report is an essay in which students explain and support their thoughts and views on a story, novel, or any other literary work.

There are several different types of book reports. Regardless of which type you’re writing, teachers and professors usually assign book reports as a way to ensure that their students have thoroughly understood the book. Below, we’ll go over how to write a good book report in seven easy steps.

How To Write a Book Report

1. as you read the book, highlight and take notes..

The first step of writing a good book report is to read the book, of course. However, it’s important to highlight and takes notes while reading it. Highlight anything that stands out to you or that evokes certain emotions. Write notes on patterns, themes, and characters. If you’re writing a book report on a nonfiction book, write notes on the major points of the book and what you think about them.

2. Revisit and reread the instructions of the assignment.

Once you’re done reading and taking notes, reread the instructions of the assignment. Find what it is you’re supposed to write about. Is it a character analysis? A plot summary? An exploration of themes and patterns, or something else? It’s also essential to follow the formatting guidelines, so make sure to use the correct font and spacing. If you have any questions, reach out to your teacher or professor.

3. Organize your notes and create an outline.

Gather your notes and arrange them into categories. Once you’ve completed this, write an outline and organize the categories to become the paragraphs of your book report. Jot down bullet points on what each paragraph will include and what part of the book can support it. As you start writing the book report, remain flexible. You don’t have to follow the outline exactly. You may realize that a few edits create a better flow.

4. Write a compelling introduction.

The introduction should be informative and catchy. You may want to start with a quote, climactic scene, or an unusual observation you had while reading the book. Towards the end of the introduction, you should write a one or two-sentence summary about the book, and then the last sentence should explain what exactly you’ll be writing about in the rest of the report.

Book Report Elements

Keep in mind that all book reports should contain:

• The name and author of the book.
• A thesis statement.
• If you're writing about a fiction book, mention the setting, time period, and characters.
• If you’re writing about a nonfiction book, mention the author’s main point in writing the book.
• Evidence to support your arguments.

5. Include quotations, examples, and supporting evidence in the body paragraphs.

The body paragraphs are where you can include quotations, examples, and supporting evidence that bring your book report together.

For example, let’s say you’re writing a character analysis. You believe that the character that everyone sees as the protagonist is actually the antagonist. You should write why you believe that and include specific scenarios that help prove your point.

Or if you’re writing about a non-fiction book, you could use the body paragraphs to write about why you agree or disagree with the author. Similarly, you’d have to use examples and evidence to support your argument.

It’s a good idea to start off with your most compelling, evidence-backed point. Leave the weakest arguments for the middle, and end with another strong point. Lastly, whether you’re writing about fiction or non-fiction, commenting on writing style and tone is recommended (especially if it’s explicitly requested in the instructions).

6. Encapsulate the main point of your text in the conclusion.

The conclusion is just as important as the introduction, so make sure to set aside enough time to write one (students tend to rush through this part). Use the concluding paragraph to pull all your arguments together. Reiterate again what the main point was about, and then briefly summarize the main idea of your book report.

7. Edit and proofread.

Now that you’ve completed the first draft of your book report, it’s time to reread and make edits if needed. Are there any paragraphs you can move around that’ll improve the rhythm of your writing? Do you have enough evidence to back up your claims? Is your introduction captivating and descriptive?

While you’re rereading the book report, you should also be looking for typos and spelling, grammar, and punctuation mistakes. If you want an extra set of eyes to look for all types of errors, you should use LanguageTool as your spelling and grammar checker. Not only will this advanced editor correct mistakes, but it supports more than twenty languages—meaning your book report will be perfect regardless of which language you’re writing it in.

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• Writing Tips

How to Write a Book Report

5-minute read

• 5th September 2021

A book report is an essay that summarizes the main ideas presented by the author. But how do you write a good book report? Our top tips include:

• Check the assignment instructions so you know what you need to do.
• Read the book , making notes as you go.
• Plan your book report and create an essay outline .
• Write up your report , using examples and quotes to support your points.
• Revise and proofread your work to eliminate errors.

In the rest of this post, we look at how to write a book report in more detail.

1. Check the Assignment Instructions

Book reports come in many different types, so the first thing you should do if you’re asked to write one is check the assignment instructions carefully. Key aspects of the essay instructions to pay attention to include:

• The required length of the book report (and any maximum word count ).
• Whether you will be assigned a book to write about or whether you will be asked to pick one yourself (either from a list supplied by the tutor or based on a set of requirements, such as a book about a set topic).
• What aspects of the book to write about (e.g., will it just be a summary of the book’s content, or will you also need to offer some critical analysis?).
• Any requirements for structuring and formatting your report (e.g., whether to break the essay up into sections with headings and subheadings).

If anything about the instructions is unclear, check it with your tutor.

2. Read the Book and Make Notes

Next, you’ll need to read the book you’re writing about in full, not just skim through or read a synopsis! This means you’ll need to leave enough time before the deadline to read the text thoroughly (and write up your report).

When you are reading, moreover, make sure to take notes on:

• Basic bibliographic details, including the title, author name(s), year of publication, publisher, and number of pages.
• How the book is structured (e.g., whether it uses chapters).
• The overall plot or argument, plus key ideas and/or plot points from each part.
• For works of fiction, important characters and themes.
• Significant quotations or examples you might want to use in your report.

Where possible, make sure to note down page numbers as well. This will make it easier to find the relevant parts again when you’re reviewing your notes.

3. Outline Your Book Report

How you structure your report will ultimately depend on the length (e.g., a short, 500-word report is unlikely to use separate sections and headings, while a longer one will need these to help break up the text and guide the reader) and the assignment instructions, so make sure to review these carefully.

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However, common elements of a book report include:

• An introductory paragraph or section with basic book details (e.g., the title, author(s), genre, publisher, publication date, and intended audience).
• Information about the author’s background and, where relevant, credentials.
• An overview of the book’s plot (fiction and narrative non-fiction), or its main idea (other non-fiction), sometimes with a section-by-section breakdown.
• Information on characters, setting, and themes (fiction and narrative non-fiction), or key ideas and concepts set out by the author (other non-fiction).
• Where required, critical analysis or evaluation of the book.

When planning your book report, then, use your notes and the assignment instructions to outline your essay, breaking it down into clearly defined sections and noting what you will include in each one.

4. Write Up Your Book Report

When it comes to writing up your report, helpful tips include:

• Imagine the reader will be unfamiliar with the book and try to ensure your report covers all the information they’d need to know what it is about.
• Use clear, concise language to make your report easy to follow. Look out for wordiness and repetition, and don’t be tempted to pad out your report with irrelevant details just to increase the word count!
• Use examples and quotations to support your points (but don’t rely too heavily on quotations; keep in mind that the report should be in your own words).
• Follow the formatting instructions set out in your style guide or the assignment instructions (e.g., for fonts, margins, and presenting quotations).

If you use quotations in your report, moreover, make sure to include page numbers! This will help the reader find the passages you’ve quoted.

5. Revise and Proofread Your Work

When you have the first draft of your book report, if you have time, take a short break (e.g., overnight) before re-reading it. This will help you view it objectively. Then, when you do re-read it, look out for ways you could improve it, such as:

• Typos and other errors that need correcting.
• Issues with clarity or places where the writing could be more concise (reading your work aloud can make it easier to spot clunky sentences).
• Passages that would benefit from being supported with a quote or example.

It’s also a good idea to re-read the assignment instructions one last time before submitting your work, which will help you spot any issues you missed.

Finally, if you’d like some extra help checking your writing, you can have it proofread by a professional . Submit a free sample document today to find out more.

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How to Write a Book Report Quickly and Effectively

A book report is a detailed summary and analysis of a book's content that provides a comprehensive overview of the book's themes, characters, plot, and key ideas. 

It typically includes a brief introduction to the book and its author, a summary of the main narrative or arguments, an examination of the primary characters or figures, and a discussion of the book's themes and messages. 

To further answer the question of what is a book report, it’s necessary to add that it often includes the reviewer's personal reflections on the book, including their evaluation of its strengths and weaknesses and its overall impact. 

This type of report helps readers understand the book's essence and significance without reading it. Follow these steps to write clear and insightful book reports:

• Grab the essentials: Title, author, and a sprinkle of genre.
• Hook 'em: Briefly introduce the story and its main conflict.
• Plot points, not spoilers: Summarize key events without revealing the ending.
• Meet the crew: Introduce the main characters and their roles.
• Dig deeper: Analyze themes, writing style, or the author's message.
• Wrap it up: Briefly summarize your main points and leave a lasting impression.

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What Is the Purpose of a Book Report

The purpose of a book report is to provide a structured way for readers to convey their understanding and analysis of a book. It aims to demonstrate the reader's comprehension of the book's content, including its themes, characters, plot, and key ideas. 

Additionally, a book report helps develop critical thinking and writing skills, as it requires the reader to summarize the book concisely and thoughtfully evaluate its strengths and weaknesses.

Book Report Length 

For elementary and middle school students, a book report might be around 1-2 pages long, focusing on a brief summary and basic analysis. For high school students, a book report typically ranges from 3-5 pages, providing a more in-depth analysis of the themes, characters, and plot. 

As a college-level book report writer , aim for longer documents, potentially 5-10 pages, as it often requires a more comprehensive critique and evaluation of the book, incorporating critical thinking and thoroughly examining the author's purpose, style, and broader impact.

How to Write a Book Report (Steps + Examples)

A book report is a structured way of summarizing and analyzing a book's content. It helps readers understand the key elements of a book, such as its themes, characters, and plot, while also offering a personal evaluation of the work. 

Below is a table outlining the typical format of a book report, detailing each section and its purpose:

How to Start a Book Report

A book report captures the reader's interest while providing essential background information about the book. Here are the key steps to effectively begin a book report:

Title and Author

• Example: "To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee.

Basic Information

• Mention the genre, publication date, and any relevant historical or cultural context.
• Example: "Published in 1960, 'To Kill a Mockingbird' is a classic American novel set in the racially charged atmosphere of the 1930s Deep South."
• Start with an intriguing fact, a quote from the book, or a thought-provoking question.
• Example: "What drives a young girl to confront the harsh realities of prejudice and injustice in her small town?"

Brief Summary of the Book

• Provide a concise overview of the book's plot without revealing any spoilers.
• Example: "The novel follows Scout Finch, a young girl in Maycomb, Alabama, as her father, Atticus Finch, a principled lawyer, defends a black man falsely accused of raping a white woman."

Thesis Statement

• Outline the main points you will cover in your report, such as themes, character analysis, and personal evaluation.
• Example: "This report will explore the themes of racial injustice, moral growth, and compassion as depicted through Scout's perspective and Atticus's unwavering integrity."

Learn more: How to start a report .

Step 1 – Gather Your Clues

Every good detective needs their tools. Before you begin writing a book report, gather the book's title, author, and genre. This information provides the foundation for your report and helps establish context for your reader. 

For example, if you're reporting on Harper Lee's "To Kill a Mockingbird," you'd identify it as a historical fiction novel.

Step 2 – Hook 'Em From the Start

Imagine yourself as a storyteller. Grab your reader's attention with a captivating book report introduction that depicts the story and its central conflict. Briefly introduce the main character and the world they inhabit. 

For instance: "In Harper Lee's 'To Kill a Mockingbird,' Scout Finch, a curious young girl living in the segregated South, witnesses racial injustice firsthand as her lawyer father defends a wrongly accused Black man. This sets the stage for a powerful exploration of prejudice and the fight for justice."

Step 3 – Plot Parade Through a Book Report Outline

Now that you've reeled your reader in, it's time to unveil the story's key events featured in the outline that we showed you earlier. Summarize the main plot points without revealing the ending. Focus on turning points and how they impact the characters' development. 

Here's an example: "Scout, along with her brother Jem, become fascinated by the trial and grapple with complex issues of prejudice as they navigate a world riddled with racial tension. Their experiences force them to confront their own biases and learn valuable lessons about empathy and the importance of standing up for what's right."

Step 4 – Character Crew: Meet the Key Players

Just like a play, a book relies on its characters to drive the story forward. All book reports must introduce the main characters and their significance to the plot. Briefly describe their personalities, motivations, and how they contribute to the main conflict. 

For example: "Scout Finch, the narrator, is a tomboyish and inquisitive girl who observes the world with a child's innocence. Atticus Finch, her wise father, embodies integrity and fights for justice despite facing prejudice in the community."

Step 5 – Dig Deeper (Optional)

Learning how to how to write a good book report up to par implies adding an extra layer of analysis, explore the book's themes, writing style, or the author's message. 

Here's an example: "The novel explores themes of racial injustice, courage, and the importance of empathy. Lee's evocative writing style transports readers to the heart of the Deep South and allows them to experience the story through Scout's innocent eyes."

Step 6 – Quotes & Evidence: Prove Your Point

We’ve almost done learning how to do a book report, so stay tuned! Support your analysis with impactful quotes from the book. These quotes can strengthen your arguments and provide depth to your report. 

For example: "You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view...until you climb into his skin and walk around in it,'" (Lee, Chapter 3). This quote from "To Kill a Mockingbird" highlights the importance of empathy and understanding different perspectives.

Step 7 – Wrap it Up: Leaving a Lasting Impression

Conclude your report by summarizing your main points and providing a lasting impression. Briefly restate the book's significance and its impact on you as a reader. 

Here's an example: "'To Kill a Mockingbird' is a timeless coming-of-age story that celebrates compassion and challenges social injustices. Scout's journey reminds us of the power of innocence and the importance of fighting for what's right, even in the face of adversity."

Tips for Writing a Book Report

Writing a book report might seem like a chore, but with the right approach, they can be a breeze! Here are some handy tips to transform your report-writing experience:

• Be a Note Ninja: Annotate the book as you read! Underline key moments, jot down character traits, and highlight quotes that resonate with you. These notes will be gold when crafting your report.
• Outline Like a Pro: Before diving into writing, create a simple outline. List sections like Introduction, Plot Summary, Characters, and Analysis (optional). This roadmap keeps your report organized and focused.
• Show, Don't Tell: Instead of simply summarizing plot points, use vivid descriptions to bring the story alive. Imagine you're describing the book to a friend who hasn't read it yet.
• Think Beyond the Surface: Go deeper than just plot and characters. Consider the author's writing style, the book's historical context, or any symbolism you encountered.
• Vary Your Vocabulary: Spice up your writing! Use a thesaurus to find synonyms for common words and avoid repetition.
• Proofread Like a Hawk: Don't underestimate the power of proofreading! Catch typos, grammatical errors, and clunky sentences before submitting your report.
• Get all the Help You Need. Expert report writing services offer timely help to students who are struggling with this type of assignment.

Book Report Template 

Book Report Example

Here’s a great example of a book report for your inspiration:

“As the threat of Nazi persecution intensifies, Annemarie's family decides to help their Jewish friends, the Rosens, escape to Sweden. Annemarie's brave and resourceful uncle Henrik devises a daring plan to smuggle the Rosens across the sea. Annemarie plays a crucial role in the operation, memorizing escape routes, delivering messages, and facing her fears.”

Writing a book report greatly benefits students, enhancing their comprehension, critical thinking, and analytical skills. Students deepen their understanding of the material by summarizing the book’s content and delving into its themes, characters, and narrative structure. 

If you’re currently thinking, ‘Who can write me an essay or a book report,’ you’ve come to the right place – our writers are the best when it comes to literature assignments.

It’s simple – hire a literature writer who knows the source and can fulfill your task!

Daniel Parker

is a seasoned educational writer focusing on scholarship guidance, research papers, and various forms of academic essays including reflective and narrative essays. His expertise also extends to detailed case studies. A scholar with a background in English Literature and Education, Daniel’s work on EssayPro blog aims to support students in achieving academic excellence and securing scholarships. His hobbies include reading classic literature and participating in academic forums.

is an expert in nursing and healthcare, with a strong background in history, law, and literature. Holding advanced degrees in nursing and public health, his analytical approach and comprehensive knowledge help students navigate complex topics. On EssayPro blog, Adam provides insightful articles on everything from historical analysis to the intricacies of healthcare policies. In his downtime, he enjoys historical documentaries and volunteering at local clinics.

• Book Reports - Purdue OWL® -  Purdue University. (n.d.). https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/common_writing_assignments/book_reports.html
• Writing Book Reports - TIP Sheet - Butte College. (n.d.). Copyright Butte College, All Rights Reserved. https://www.butte.edu/departments/cas/tipsheets/style_purpose_strategy/book_reports.html ‍
• How to write a book review and a book report · Help & how-to · Concordia University Library. (2022, December 14). https://library.concordia.ca/help/writing/book-report.php

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How to write a book report

A book report is one of the first types of essays you probably learned to write in elementary school. But no matter how many book reports you turn in over the course of your student life, they can still inspire some anxiety and some confusion about the best way to write a book report, especially as you reach the high school and college level.

The good news is that the basics you learned in the early grades will serve you in good stead, since the book report format remains mostly the same. The very same structure and tools you used to dissect Charlotte’s Web and Superfudge will work just as well for Animal Farm and The Handmaid’s Tale . What changes is the depth and breadth of your analysis as a high school and college student.

So, If you are wondering how to start a book report for a college class assignment, here are some of the key pieces of information you need to know.

What is a book report?

Let’s start off with some definitions. In the most general terms, a book report is a summary of a written text, often a fiction novel, but can also include other genres such as memoir and creative non-fiction. It includes an analysis of the different elements and authorial choices that comprise the work, such as tone, theme, perspective, diction, dialogue, etc.

While the analysis should be reasoned and objective, it should also include your opinion and assessment of the impact and overall success of the author’s choices on the final work.

Book reports usually fall into one of the following types:

Plot summary

This type of book report isn’t just a re-telling of the story, it’s a comment on your overall impression of the plot — whether you thought it was engaging or maudlin or vapid, for example — backed up by direct quotes from the text to support your opinion.

Example of a plot summary thesis statement: The plot of Herman Melville’s short story, “Bartleby the Scrivener,” offers a poignant portrait of how depression robs a person of all motivation and momentum in life.

Character analysis

A character analysis zeroes in on a particular character (their characterization and actions) and their impact on the unfolding of the plot and its eventual outcome.

Example of a character analysis thesis statement: In J.D. Salinger’s novel, The Catcher in the Rye , the character of Phoebe, Holden’s bright and precocious younger sister, is a catalyst for rekindling his hope in humanity and reconsidering the choices he’s made in his life.

Theme analysis

A theme analysis looks at the overarching concepts, or themes, that run through a book and that give the text meaning and direction. Themes tend to be broad in nature, such as love, the importance of family, the impact of childhood, etc.

Example of a theme analysis thesis statement: Banana Yoshimoto’s novella, Kitchen , explores the theme of death and how everyone sooner or later has to come to terms with the mortality of the people they love as well as their own.

How to start a book report

The very first step in writing a stellar book report that earns a top grade is actually reading the book. This may seem obvious, but many students make the assignment much harder on themselves by not putting in the time up front to do a thorough and complete reading of the book they’re going to be writing their report on. So resist the urge to skim the text or to rely on the Cliff’s notes version. A nuanced analysis requires a deep grasp of the text, and there is no substitute for focused, firsthand reading.

It’s a lot easier to stick with a book that you enjoy reading! If you have the chance to choose the book you’ll be writing a report on, take some time to select a book that appeals to you, considering the genre, time period, writing style, and plot.

It can be helpful to start thinking about your book report while you are still making your way through your initial reading of the text. Mark down passages that provide key turning points in the action, descriptive passages that establish time and place, and any other passages that stand out to you in terms of their word choice and use of language. This makes it much easier to go back later and start collecting the evidence you’ll need to support your argument and analysis.

Once you finish reading the book from cover to cover, you’ll likely find that your mind is swirling with thoughts, impressions, and burgeoning analyses. At this stage, trying to distill all of these half-formed thoughts into one cohesive report may seem like a daunting task. One way to make this task more approachable is to start by collecting and listing the objective facts about the book. The following list covers the basic elements that should be included in every book report you write, no matter what topic or specific type of book report you’re writing:

• The book’s title and author
• The historical context of the book (when it was written)
• The time(s) during which the story is set
• The location(s) where the story takes place
• A summary of the main characters and action of the story
• Quotes from the book that will function as evidence to support your analysis

With all of the basics in hand, you can start to write your book report in earnest. Just like most other essay types, a well-written book report follows a basic structure that makes it easy for your reader to follow your thoughts and make sense of your argument.

A typical book report will open with an introduction that briefly summarizes the book and culminates with a thesis statement that advances an opinion or viewpoint about it. This is followed by body paragraphs that provide detailed points to flesh out and support that opinion in greater detail, including direct quotes from the text as supporting evidence. The report finishes with a conclusion that summarizes the main points and leaves the reader with an understanding of the book, its aims, and whether or not you feel the book (and its author) was successful in doing what it set out to do. Ideally, the conclusion will also make a statement about how the book fits into the larger literary world.

A book report template you can use for any book report

If you find yourself stuck on how to start a book report, here’s a handy book report template you can use to get things off the ground. Simply use this structure and start filling it in with the specifics of the book you are writing your report on. Feel free to expand upon this book report template, adding more sections as appropriate.

Introduction

Write three to five sentences introducing the book and author as well as important contextual information about the book, such as the publication year and the overall critical reception at the time. Finish the paragraph with your thesis statement.

Body paragraphs

Include at least three body paragraphs that offer detailed information and analysis to support your thesis statement. Each paragraph should contain one idea, backed up with direct quotes from the text alongside your critical analysis.

Write three to five sentences that restate your thesis and summarize the evidence you’ve presented in support of it. Relate your findings to a larger context about the book’s place within both the literary world and the world at large.

Frequently Asked Questions about book reports

A book report follows the format of most papers you write - it will have an introduction, a body and a conclusion. Depending on the type of book report, you will fill these parts with the required information.

These are the basic parts that should be included in every book report you write, no matter what topic or specific type of book report you’re writing:

• The historical context of the book and time(s) during which the story is set

The book report is, among other things, also a summary of the plot, main characters, and ideas and arguments of the author. Your book report should help readers decide whether they want to read the book or not.

How many pages a book report should have depends on your assignment. It can be a half page, but it can also have many pages. Make sure to carefully read through your assignment and ask your professor if you are unsure .

A book report is a summary of a written text. A good book report includes an analysis of the different elements and authorial choices that comprise the work, such as tone, theme, perspective, diction, dialogue, etc. A good book report helps the reader decide whether they want to read the book or not.

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Writing a Book Report

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Book reports are informative reports that discuss a book from an objective stance. They are similar to book reviews but focus more on a summary of the work than an evaluation of it. Book reports commonly describe what happens in a work; their focus is primarily on giving an account of the major plot, characters, thesis, and/or main idea of the work. Most often, book reports are a K-12 assignment and range from 250 to 500 words.

Book reviews are most often a college assignment, but they also appear in many professional works: magazines, newspapers, and academic journals. If you are looking to write a book review instead of a book report, please see the OWL resource, Writing a Book Review .

Before You Read

Before you begin to read, consider what types of things you will need to write your book report. First, you will need to get some basic information from the book:

• Publisher location, name of publisher, year published
• Number of Pages

You can either begin your report with some sort of citation, or you can incorporate some of these items into the report itself.

Next, try to answer the following questions to get you started thinking about the book:

• Author: Who is the author? Have you read any other works by this author?
• Genre: What type of book is this: fiction, nonfiction, biography, etc.? What types of people would like to read this kind of book? Do you typically read these kinds of books? Do you like them?
• Title: What does the title do for you? Does it spark your interest? Does it fit well with the text of the book?
• Pictures/Book Jacket/Cover/Printing: What does the book jacket or book cover say? Is it accurate? Were you excited to read this book because of it? Are there pictures? What kinds are there? Are they interesting?

As You Read

While reading a work of fiction, keep track of the major characters. You can also do the same with biographies. When reading nonfiction works, however, look for the main ideas and be ready to talk about them.

• Characters: Who are the main characters? What happens to them? Did you like them? Were there good and bad characters?
• Main Ideas: What is the main idea of the book? What happens? What did you learn that you did not know before?
• Quotes: What parts did you like best? Are there parts that you could quote to make your report more enjoyable?

When You Are Ready to Write

Announce the book and author. Then, summarize what you have learned from the book. Explain what happens in the book, and discuss the elements you liked, did not like, would have changed, or if you would recommend this book to others and why. Consider the following items as well:

• Principles/characters: What elements did you like best? Which characters did you like best and why? How does the author unfold the story or the main idea of the book?
• Organize: Make sure that most of your paper summarizes the work. Then you may analyze the characters or themes of the work.
• Your Evaluation: Choose one or a few points to discuss about the book. What worked well for you? How does this work compare with others by the same author or other books in the same genre? What major themes, motifs, or terms does the book introduce, and how effective are they? Did the book appeal to you on an emotional or logical way?
• Recommend: Would you recommend this book to others? Why? What would you tell them before they read it? What would you talk about after you read it?

Revising/Final Copy

Do a quick double check of your paper:

• Double-check the spelling of the author name(s), character names, special terms, and publisher.
• Check the punctuation and grammar slowly.
• Make sure you provide enough summary so that your reader or instructor can tell you read the book.
• Consider adding some interesting quotes from the reading.

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Have a book report submission deadline and want to know how to write one? We’re here to help! Book reports are vital in academics, helping students sharpen their understanding and critical thinking, while for authors, they offer a deep dive into a text’s composition and stylistic elements.

In this article, we will understand how to write a good book report. It’s a skill that not only helps you get more out of what you’re reading but also lets you create a report that truly reflects how good the book is. Let’s get started!

Ace your assignment with a perfect book report! Learn more

Firstly, let us understand what is a book report.

What is a book report?

A book report is an in-depth analysis, an objective summary of a book’s main content and arguments. Book reports discuss a book’s content, structure, and themes. Far from just a recap of the plot outline , a book report examines the details of a book’s narrative, offering insights into the characters, themes of the story , and the author’s writing style. 

Note: A book report is usually assigned to students from secondary schools to colleges. As per book report format, book reports are typically 500–1000 words long.

Elements of a book report

A proper book report outline consists of the following elements:

• Introduction: Think about how to start a book report with an engaging opening. Mention the book’s title, author, genre, and a brief plot summary. State your main theme or viewpoint.
• Content summary: Give a clear, summary of the plot. Highlight key events and turning points. Avoid spoilers.
• Analysis and perspective: Examine the key characters, their traits, motivations, development, and plot roles. Explore major themes, symbols, and motifs, and their narrative effect. Review the author’s style and perspective, and their impact on the story.
• Conclusion: Summarize your main points. Restate your overall impression of the book and possibly suggest who might enjoy it or what kind of readers would benefit from it.
• Citations and references (if necessary): If you have used external sources or have been influenced by other analyses, make sure to cite these references properly to avoid plagiarism.

By following this book report outline, your book report will be comprehensive, informative, and engaging.

How to write a book report

Before learning how to do a book report, it is important to remember that following a book report format is essential. 

Here’s how to write a book report:

• Read the book carefully: Start by reading the book thoroughly. Take notes on key points, characters, themes, and any passages that stand out.
• Create an Outline: Organize your thoughts and notes into an outline. This will be your roadmap and will help keep your writing focused.
• Write the introduction: Begin with an engaging introduction that provides basic information about the book, including the title, author, and a brief synopsis.
• Develop the body: You can follow your outline or a book report template to write the body of your report. Discuss each element (plot, characters, themes, etc.) in separate paragraphs or sections.
• Conclude your report: Summarize your main points and offer your final thoughts and evaluation of the book.
• Review and revise: Finally, review and proofread your report for clarity, coherence, and correctness. Make sure to correct any grammatical mistakes and ensure your report flows logically.

Taking a look at a few examples of book reports will help you understand how to do a book report easily.  So let’s explore some book report examples next.

Book report examples

Starting with book report examples, let’s look at a book report example on The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank.

Introduction: Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank is a powerful and poignant diary that gives an intimate glimpse into the life of a Jewish teenager during the Holocaust.

Summary: The diary chronicles Anne Frank’s life from 1942 to 1944, during which she and her family hid from the Nazis in Amsterdam. The entries detail her daily life in the secret annex, her thoughts, fears, and hopes for a better future.

Analysis and themes: Anne’s diary is a testament to the resilience of the human spirit in the face of unimaginable adversity. Themes of hope, the cruelty of war, the innocence of youth, and the power of writing shine through her words.

Conclusion: Diary of a Young Girl is more than just a diary; it’s a moving narrative that brings to light the horrors of war and the timeless strength of hope and human dignity. Anne Frank’s voice continues to resonate with readers around the world, making this book a must-read for understanding history and humanity.

Now let’s look at a fiction book report example on Percy Jackson and the Lightning Thief by Rick Riordan.

Introduction: Percy Jackson and the Lightning Thief by Rick Riordan is a thrilling fantasy novel that introduces us to a world where Greek gods and mythology come to life in the modern era.

Summary: The story follows Percy Jackson, a young boy who discovers he is the son of Poseidon, the Greek god of the sea. After being accused of stealing Zeus’s lightning bolt, Percy embarks on a dangerous adventure across America to find the real thief and prevent a war among the gods.

Analysis and themes: Riordan’s novel is rich in Greek mythology and cleverly intertwined with modern-day settings and issues. Themes of identity, friendship, and bravery are prominent as Percy navigates the challenges of being a demigod. The book also explores the concept of good vs. evil and the importance of understanding one’s strengths and weaknesses.

Conclusion: Percy Jackson and the Lightning Thief is an engaging and imaginative novel that offers a fresh perspective on Greek mythology. It’s a captivating read for young adults, effectively combining action, humor, and life lessons, making it a standout in the genre of fantasy fiction.

Book report template

You can easily write a book report using our free book report template.

It’s clear that writing a book report is more than a mere academic exercise; it’s an opportunity to delve deeper into the world of literature and gain insights. 

By using the provided template and examples as starting points, you’re well on your way to writing insightful and compelling book reports. Also, to make your book report perfect, we are always here to help you with our expert editing and proofreading services ! 

For more useful tips and resources, keep reading:

• Top 10 Best Print-on-Demand Book Companies in 2024
• Proven Book Marketing Techniques to Increase Sales in 2024
• 10 Best Book Cover Design Services of 2024: Price & Ratings
• Top 10 Online Book Editing Services of 2024

Frequently Asked Questions

How long should a book report be, what should a book report include, how to conclude a book report, how to write an introduction for a book report, what is the purpose of a book report.

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Book Report

What is a Book Report & How to Write a Perfect One

Published on: Jan 26, 2022

Last updated on: Jul 23, 2024

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Writing a book report is a terrifying experience for many students. The terror begins with reading and understanding what you're reading but then continues as your thoughts become paper in front of you.

Have you ever been assigned a book report and thought, ‘Ugh! This is going to be terrible?’ Well, we're here to help. 

Below you can find a helpful guide to understand how to write a perfect report. Here we have also provided some sample book reports and a free book report template for your help. 

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What is a Book Report?

A book report is an informative piece of writing that summarizes the novel and presents some brief analysis on its main elements like plot, setting, characters.

This could either be a work of fiction or nonfiction, with a tone covering everything from serious to humorous.

A book review is not the same as a book report.

Although they may look similar, one requires in-depth analysis and an objective point of view, while the other is more descriptive and subjective.

Some course instructors may ask students to add relevant themes of the book and plot elements into their book reports. But, on a very basic level, a book report is an extremely simple form of review for any given text - no matter what its genre or author.

How does a book report writing benefit you?

Writing a good report will help students to improve their analytical and communication skills. They also get the opportunity to practice expressing themselves through creative or critical thought about the different aspects of books they read.

Assessing the Book Before Writing the Review 

Before delving into the content of a book, it's essential to gather some key information. Begin by noting the following details:

• Author: Who authored the book? Are you familiar with any other works by this author?
• Genre: What category does the book fall into - fiction, nonfiction, biography, etc.? 
• Which audience would find this type of book appealing? Is this your typical genre preference? Do you enjoy reading books within this genre?
• Title: How does the title impact you? Does it pique your interest? Does it align well with the book's content?
• Pictures/Book Jacket/Cover/Printing: Analyze the book jacket or cover. What does it convey? Is it an accurate representation of the book? Did it generate excitement for you to read it? Are there any illustrations or images within the book? If so, what type are they, and do they captivate your interest?

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Book Report Outline

Writing a book report becomes more manageable when you follow a structured outline. Here's an outline you can use as a guideline for your book report:

How to Write a Book Report?

Writing a book report involves several key steps that can help you effectively communicate your understanding and analysis of a book. Here's a guide on how to write a book report:

Introduction

• Begin with an engaging introductory paragraph that includes the book's title, author, and publication information.
• Provide a brief overview of the book's genre and main theme.
• Include any initial reactions or expectations you had before reading the book.
• Summarize the main plot or central idea of the book without giving away major spoilers.
• Highlight key events, conflicts, and characters that drive the narrative.
• Focus on the most significant aspects of the story and avoid excessive details.

Analysis and Evaluation

• Analyze the author's writing style, storytelling techniques, and use of literary devices.
• Discuss the book's strengths and weaknesses, supporting your statements with examples from the text.
• Evaluate how effectively the author conveys their message and engages the reader.
• Consider the book's impact on you personally and its relevance to broader themes or issues.

Themes and Messages

• Identify the main themes or messages explored in the book.
• Discuss how these themes are developed throughout the narrative.
• Provide specific examples or quotes to support your analysis.

Character Analysis

• Analyze the main characters in the book, their development, and their relationships.
• Discuss their motivations, personalities, and how they contribute to the story.
• Use examples and quotes to illustrate your points.
• Summarize your main points and overall assessment of the book.
• Offer your personal opinion on the book, highlighting its strengths and weaknesses.
• Reflect on the impact the book had on you and who you would recommend it to.

Formatting and Proofreading

• Structure your book report into paragraphs with clear topic sentences.
• Check for spelling, grammar, and punctuation errors.
• Ensure your report is well-organized and follows a logical flow.
• Citations may be required if you quote or reference specific passages from the book.

Remember, a book report is not just a summary; it also involves critical analysis and interpretation. 

By following these steps, you can create a comprehensive and insightful book report that effectively conveys your understanding.

Book Report Examples

Before you head into the writing process of your book report, it's a great idea to take some time and look at examples of other people's book reports.

In this way, you'll see how others have written their own work in an engaging manner that will inspire creativity on your part as well.

Book Report Sample

Book Report on Harry Potter

Book Report on Matilda

Book Report on Pride and Prejudice

Book Report for Kids

Book Report MLA Format

Book Report Worksheet

High School Book Report Template

Non-Fiction Book Report Template

Book Report Template 4th Grade

3rd Grade Book Report Template

Book Report Ideas

Picking a book for your report can be an intimidating task. You don't have any idea which books to read or what the professor will prefer, but there are some ideas of different subjects you could write about:

• To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee
• The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger
• The Fault in Our Stars book report
• Animal Farm by George Orwell
• The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald
• Brave New World by Aldous Huxley
• Hunger Games book report
• A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens
• Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini
• Charlotte's webbook report

If you are still not sure about how to write a book report that will help you earn an A, then our essay writer AI is the perfect solution for you. Consider taking professional essay writing assistance from one of our experienced writers who specialize in this area.

No matter if you need help with your college essay, book review, book report, or full-length research paper, we provide essay writing service for students . Contact our expert essay writing service today to get the best assistance with all your academic tasks! 

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the main parts of a book report.

The main parts of a book report are the bibliography, characters, setting, themes, and plot. These four elements form a descriptive book report. However, most reports that you will read in high school or college are expository-based, meaning they explore an idea rather than discuss it. 

Are book reports essays?

A book report is, quite simply, an essay about a book. A book report is a type of essay that students are asked to write by their teachers. Different formats for this writing assignment may be used, but the most common one is expository style (i.e., telling about something). 

How long should a book report be?

Your book report should not exceed two double-spaced pages, and it should be somewhere between 600 and 800 words in length. 

What is a thesis in a book report?

After a brief introduction of your topic, you state your point of view on the topic. This sentence is the thesis statement and serves as an overview of what will be discussed in this paper. 

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Caleb S. has extensive experience in writing and holds a Masters from Oxford University. He takes great satisfaction in helping students exceed their academic goals. Caleb always puts the needs of his clients first and is dedicated to providing quality service.

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Book Report Writing

Book Report Writing Guide - Outline, Format, & Topics

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Guide to Craft an Outstanding Book Report Outline

Creative and Excellent Book Report Ideas for Students

Writing a book report can be a challenging task for students at all levels of education. Many struggle to strike the right balance between providing a concise summary and offering insightful analysis.

The pressure to submit a well-structured report often leaves students feeling overwhelmed and uncertain about where to begin. Unlike a book review that is longer and more detailed, the purpose of writing a book report is to summarize what happened in the story. 

In this blog, we will learn the book report writing, providing you with step-by-step instructions and creative ideas. Whether you're a reader or just starting your literary journey, this guide will help you write book reports that shine. 

So, let's dive in!

• 1. What is a Book Report?
• 2. How to Write a Book Report Outline?
• 3. How to Write a Book Report?
• 4. Book Report Formatting
• 5. Book Report vs. Book Review - How Do they Differ from Each Other? 
• 6. Book Report Templates for Different Grades
• 7. How to Write a Book Report for High School?
• 8. How to Write a Book Report for College Level?
• 9. Book Report Examples
• 10. Book Report Ideas

What is a Book Report?

A book report is a written summary and analysis of a book's content, designed to provide readers with insights into the book's key elements. It's a valuable exercise for students, offering a chance to look deeper into a book's characters, and overall impact. Why are book reports important? They serve as a way to not only showcase your reading comprehension but also your critical thinking skills. They help you reflect on the book's strengths and weaknesses, and they can be a great tool to start a discussion.

How to Write a Book Report Outline?

Before you start writing a book report, it's crucial to create a well-organized outline. A book report outline serves as the roadmap for your report, ensuring that you cover all essential aspects. Here's how to create an effective book report outline:

How to Write a Book Report?

Writing an effective book report is not just about summarizing a story; it's a chance to showcase your analytical skills.

Let’s go through the process of creating a compelling book report that will impress your instructor.

How to Start a Book Report

To start a book report follow the steps below:

• Pick the Perfect Book  Selecting the right book for your report is the first crucial step. If you have the freedom to choose, opt for a book that aligns with your interests. Engaging with a book you're passionate about makes the entire process more enjoyable.
• Dive into the Pages Reading the book thoroughly is non-negotiable. While summaries and online resources can be helpful, they can't replace the depth of understanding gained from reading the actual text. Take notes as you read to capture key moments and insights.
• Document Key Insights Keeping a physical notebook for jotting down important points and insights is a tried-and-true method. This tangible record allows for quick reference when you're ready to write your report.
• Collect Powerful Quotes Quotes from the book can be the secret sauce that adds weight to your report. Choose quotes that align with your report's themes and ideas. These quotes will serve as evidence to support your analysis and perspective.
• Craft Your Report Outline An book report outline serves as your roadmap for creating a structured and coherent report. Ensure it includes all the vital elements, from basic book information to your in-depth analysis. An organized outline keeps your writing on track.

Writing Your Book Report

Now that you've completed the preliminary steps, it's time to put pen to paper (or fingers to keyboard). Follow these guidelines for an exceptional book report:

• Introduction: Open with a captivating introduction that introduces the book, its author, and your main thesis. This initial "hook" draws readers in and sparks their interest.
• Plot Summary: Concisely summarize the book's plot, including key events, main characters, and the overall narrative. Offer enough information for understanding without revealing major spoilers.
• Analysis: The core of your report, where you dissect the book's themes, characters, writing style, and any symbolism. Back your insights with book quotes and examples, revealing the author's intentions and how they achieved them.
• Conclusion: Summarize your main points, restate your thesis, and share your overall evaluation of the book. End with a thought-provoking statement or recommendation to leave readers engaged and curious.

Book Report Formatting

When it comes to formatting a book report, simplicity and clarity are key. Here's a straightforward guide on the essential formatting elements:

Book Report vs. Book Review - How Do they Differ from Each Other? 

The table below highlights how is a book report different from a book review :

What are the SImilarities between Book Report and Book Review?

Here are the things that are added in both a book report and a book review.

• Bibliographic details
• Background of the author
• The recommended audience for the book
• The main subject of the book or work
• Summary of the work and the only difference is that in the review, a critical analysis is also added

Due to the similarities, many students think that both of these are the same. It is wrong and could cost you your grade.

How to Write a Nonfiction Book Report? 

Writing a nonfiction book report may seem daunting, but with a few simple steps, you can craft an informative report. Here's a streamlined guide:

• Read Actively: Carefully read the chosen nonfiction book, highlighting key information. For instance, if you're reporting on a biography, mark significant life events and their impact.
• Introduction: Begin with the author's name, the book's publication year, and why the author wrote the book. Create an engaging opening sentence, such as "In 'The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks,' Rebecca Skloot delves into the fascinating world of medical ethics."
• Focused Body: Structure the body into three paragraphs, each addressing crucial aspects. For instance, in a report on a science book, one paragraph could cover the book's key scientific discoveries.
• Concluding Thoughts: Share your personal opinion, if applicable. Would you recommend the book? Mention reasons, like "I highly recommend 'Sapiens' by Yuval Noah Harari for its thought-provoking insights into human history."

Writing a nonfiction book report requires adhering to facts but can still be enjoyable with a strategic approach.

How to Write a Book Report without Reading the Book?

Short on time to read the entire book? Here are quick steps to create a book report:

• Consult Summary Websites: Visit websites providing book summaries and analyses. For instance, SparkNotes or CliffsNotes offer concise overviews.
• Focus on Key Details: Select 2-3 crucial aspects of the book, like major themes or character development. Discuss these in-depth.
• Consider a Writing Service: Utilize professional writing services when time is tight. They can craft a well-structured report based on provided information.
• Offer a Unique Perspective: Differentiate your report by approaching it from a unique angle. For example, explore a theme or character relationship that hasn't been extensively covered by peers.

While challenging, writing a book report without reading the book is possible with these strategies.

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Book Report Templates for Different Grades

Students studying at different levels have different skills and ability levels. Here is how they can write book reports for their respective academic levels.

How to Write a Book Report for an Elementary School?

The following are some book report templates that you can use for your primary or elementary school.

How to Write a Book Report for Middle School

Here are the book report worksheets that you can use to write your middle school book report.

How to Write a Book Report for High School?

Writing a high school book report includes the following steps:

• Read the book thoroughly and with purpose.
• Make an outline before writing the report as a pre-writing step.
• Follow the guidelines and the given format to create the title page for your report.
• Add basic details in the introduction of your book report.
• Analyze the major and minor characters of the story and the role they play in the progress of the story.
• Analyze the major and significant plot, events, and themes. Describe the story and arguments and focus on important details.
• Conclude by adding a summary of the main elements, characters, symbols, and themes.

How to Write a Book Report for College Level?

Follow this college book report template to format and write your report effectively:

• Understand the Assignment: Familiarize yourself with the assignment and book details to ensure proper adherence.
• Read Thoroughly: Read the book attentively, noting essential details about the plot, characters, and themes.
• Introduction: Craft an informative introduction with bibliographic details. 

• Summary: Summarize key aspects like setting, events, atmosphere, narrative style, and the overall plot. 

• Plot: Cover the entire story, highlighting essential details, plot twists, and conflicts. 

• Conclusion: Summarize the story and assess its strengths and weaknesses. Unlike a review, a book report provides a straightforward summary.

Book Report Examples

Book Report of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory

Book Report of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone

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Book Report Ideas

Basic ideas include presenting your narrative and analysis in simple written form, while more creative ideas include a fun element. Some notable books to choose from for your book report writing assignment are mentioned below:

• "To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee
• "1984" by George Orwell
• "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald
• "Pride and Prejudice" by Jane Austen
• "The Catcher in the Rye" by J.D. Salinger
• "The Lord of the Rings" by J.R.R. Tolkien
• "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone" by J.K. Rowling
• "The Hunger Games" by Suzanne Collins
• "The Diary of Anne Frank" by Anne Frank
• "The Hobbit" by J.R.R. Tolkien

Need more ideas? Check out our book report ideas blog to get inspiration!

To Sum it Up!

Crafting a good book report involves striking the right balance between introducing the book, summarizing its key themes, and avoiding spoilers. It's a delicate art, but with the right guidance, you can grasp this skill effortlessly.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the parts of a book report.

A book report often contains different sections that describe the setting, main characters, and key themes of the story. A common type is an expository one which details what happened in detail or discusses how people feel about it.

Is a report a summary?

No, a summary is more detailed than a book report. A book report is usually based on a short summary of the book, while a standalone summary is more detailed and could have headings, subheadings, and supporting quotes.

How many paragraphs should be included in a book report?

The book report is a typical assignment in middle and high school, usually with one introduction, three body, and one conclusion paragraph.

The number of paragraphs could vary depending on the academic level, with an expert or professional book report having more than three body paragraphs.

How long is a book report?

It should not exceed two double-spaced pages, be between 600 and 800 words in length. Your book report is a written reflection on the content of a novel or work of nonfiction.

How do you end a book report?

Sum up your thesis statement and remind the readers of the important points, one final time. Do not add any new ideas or themes here and try to leave a lasting impression on the reader.

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Differences Between a Book Report & Essay Writing

Book reports share some similarity with essay writing: both can rely on exposition to communicate information, and both should share some prewriting organizational strategies, such as brainstorming, outlining, drafting and revision. However, essays are significantly more complex than book reports, in both the forms an essay can take as well as the individual challenges faced when writing one.

Purpose of a Book Report Vs. an Essay

A book report focuses primarily on providing a summary of a book rather than making an argument about it. The objective is to give brief descriptions of the plot, characters, setting and theme, along with other basic information such as the title and name of the author. An essay, even a descriptive or expository essay, requires a thesis, or a claim that you are trying to prove by means of a logical written investigation.

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Structure Differences

The common length of a book report is anywhere from 250-500 words and doesn't have to adhere to any particular construction: it could be a single paragraph or two or three, depending on the teacher's directions or the choice of the student. an essay, however, must follow a formal structure, which is slightly different depending on the type of essay. For example, all essays must have separate paragraphs for the introduction, body and conclusion, as well as for each separate idea in the body. Some essays, like the extended definition, should also have a separate paragraph for exposition before the main body.

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What does it mean to cite specific examples, what are the main features of the petrarchan sonnet, how to start an introduction when writing an essay about poetry, the differences between a reflective & narrative essay, what to expect from a college english class, differences in methods.

Essays rely on rhetorical strategies to prove their claims. The three appeals of logos, pathos and ethos are often applied. Logos refers to the use of facts to prove a claim. Pathos is an appeal to the emotions of the reader. For example, if you're writing an essay to persuade the government to outlaw smoking, you might tell the story of how a loved one died from smoking-related lung cancer. Ethos is an ethical appeal in which you attempt to use the reader's sense of ethics as support for your own argument. Book reports don't utilize appeals because they argue a claim; they simply describe a text.

Educational Setting

Book reports are usually assigned in the K-12 setting, but most often at the elementary and middle school levels. Essay writing is assigned from the middle school level up through the highest levels of graduate education and professional level as well. This is because the book report is a rudimentary writing mode, a precursor to essay writing. Students first learn how to communicate basic information clearly in book reports before taking on the challenge of asserting a logical and thorough argument.

• Purdue Online Writing Lab: Writing a Book Report
• Purdue Online Writing Lab: Argumentative Essays
• Purdue Online Writing Lab: Using Rhetorical Strategies for Persuasion

Christopher Cascio is a memoirist and holds a Master of Fine Arts in creative writing and literature from Southampton Arts at Stony Brook Southampton, and a Bachelor of Arts in English with an emphasis in the rhetoric of fiction from Pennsylvania State University. His literary work has appeared in "The Southampton Review," "Feathertale," "Kalliope" and "The Rose and Thorn Journal."

10 Steps to Writing a Successful Book Report

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• M.Ed., Education Administration, University of Georgia
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A book report should contain the basic elements, but a good book report will address a specific question or point of view and back up this topic with specific examples, in the form of symbols and themes. These steps will help you identify and incorporate those important elements in a process that takes three to four days.

How To Write a Book Report

• Have an objective in mind, if possible. Your objective is the main point you want to argue or the question you plan to answer. Sometimes your teacher will offer a question for you to answer as part of your assignment, which makes this step easy. If you have to come up with your own focal point for your paper, you may have to wait and develop the objective while reading and reflecting on the book.
• Keep supplies on hand when you read. This is very important. Keep sticky-note flags, pen, and paper nearby as you read. Don't try to take "mental notes." It just doesn't work.
• Read the book. As you read, keep an eye out for clues that the author has provided in the form of symbolism. These will indicate some important point that supports the overall theme. For instance, a spot of blood on the floor, a quick glance, a nervous habit, an impulsive action--these are worth noting.
• Use your sticky flags to mark pages. When you run into any clues, mark the page by placing the sticky note at the beginning of the relevant line. Mark everything that piques your interest, even if you don't understand their relevance.
• Note possible themes or patterns that emerge. As you read and record emotional flags or signs, you will begin to see a point or a pattern. On a notepad, write down possible themes or issues. If your assignment is to answer a question, you will record how symbols address that question.
• Label your sticky flags. If you see a symbol repeated several times, you should indicate this somehow on the sticky flags, for easy reference later. For instance, if blood shows up in several scenes, write a "b" on the relevant flags for blood. This may become your major book theme, so you'll want to navigate between the relevant pages easily.
• Develop a rough outline. By the time you finish reading the book , you will have recorded several possible themes or approaches to your objective. Review your notes and try to determine which view or claim you can back up with good examples (symbols). You may need to play with a few sample outlines to pick the best approach.
• Develop paragraph ideas. Each paragraph should have a topic sentence and a sentence that transitions to the next paragraph. Try writing these first, then filling out the paragraphs with your examples (symbols). Don't forget to include the basics for every book report in your first paragraph or two.
• Review, re-arrange, repeat. At first, your paragraphs are going to look like ugly ducklings. They will be clunky, awkward, and unattractive in their early stages. Read them over, re-arrange and replace sentences that don't quite fit. Then review and repeat until the paragraphs flow.
• Re-visit your introductory paragraph. The introductory paragraph will make the critical first impression of your paper. It should be great. Be sure it is well-written, interesting, and it contains a strong thesis sentence .

The objective: Sometimes it is possible to have a clear objective in mind before you start . Sometimes, it is not. If you have to come up with your own thesis, don't stress about a clear objective in the beginning. It will come later.

Recording emotional flags: Emotional flags are merely points in the book that bring about emotion. Sometimes, the smaller the better. For example, for an assignment for The Red Badge of Courage , the teacher might ask students to address whether they believe Henry, the main character, is a hero. In this book, Henry sees lots of blood (emotional symbol) and death (emotional symbol) and this causes him to run away from the battle at first (emotional response). He is ashamed (emotion).

Book report basics: In your first paragraph or two, you should include the book setting, time period, characters, and your thesis statement (objective).

Re-visiting the introductory paragraph: The introductory paragraph should be the last paragraph you complete. It should be mistake-free and interesting. It should also contain a clear thesis. Don't write a thesis early on in the process and forget about it. Your point of view or argument may change completely as you re-arrange your paragraph sentences. Always check your thesis sentence last.

• How to Start a Book Report
• How to Write a Great Book Report
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• How to Find the Theme of a Book or Short Story
• Overused and Tired Words
• What Is Expository Writing?
• How to Write a Great Process Essay
• The Ultimate Guide to the 5-Paragraph Essay
• Examples of Great Introductory Paragraphs
• Writing a History Book Review
• Write an Attention-Grabbing Opening Sentence for an Essay
• Make Your Paragraphs Flow to Improve Writing
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TIP Sheet WRITING BOOK REPORTS

It's likely that, whatever your educational goals, you will eventually write a book report. Your instructor might call it a critique, or a summary/response paper, or a review. The two components these assignments have in common are summary and evaluation.

Other TIP Sheets on related topics that might prove helpful in developing a book report, depending on the type of book and the specifics of your assignment, include the following:

• How to Write a Summary
• Writing About Non-Fiction Books
• Writing About Literature

Summary AND evaluation Typically, a book report begins with a paragraph to a page of simple information-author, title, genre (for example, science fiction, historical fiction, biography), summary of the central problem and solution, and description of the main character(s) and what they learned or how they changed.

The following example summarizes in two sentences the plot of Jurassic Park :

Michael Crichton's Jurassic Park describes how millionaire tycoon John Hammond indulges his desire to create an island amusement park full of living dinosaurs. In spite of elaborate precautions to make the park safe, his animals run wild, killing and maiming his employees, endangering the lives of his two visiting grandchildren, and finally escaping to mainland Costa Rica.

On the other hand, a thesis statement for a book report reflects your evaluation of the work; "I really, really liked it" is inadequate. Students sometimes hesitate to make judgments about literature, because they are uncertain what standards apply. It's not so difficult to evaluate a book in terms of story elements: character, setting, problem/solution, even organization. (See TIP Sheet Writing About Literature for ideas on how to handle these standard story elements.) Nevertheless, a good thesis statement should include your reflection on the ideas, purpose, and attitudes of the author as well.

To develop an informed judgment about the work, start by asking yourself lots of questions (for more ideas, see "Evaluation" on the TIP Sheet Writing About Literature). Then choose your most promising area, the one about which you have something clear to say and can easily find evidence from the book to illustrate. Develop this into a thesis statement.

For example, here is what one thesis statement might look like for Jurassic Park (notice how this thesis statement differs from the simple summary above):

In Jurassic Park , Crichton seems to warn us chillingly that, in bioengineering as in chaos theory, the moment we most appear to be in control of events is the exact moment control is already irredeemably lost to us.

To develop an informed judgment and a corresponding thesis statement about a book, brainstorm by answering questions such as the following:

• For what purpose did the author write this, and did he fulfill that purpose?
• What did the main character learn? Does this lesson reflect reality as you know it?
• Were the characters complex and believable? What do they reveal of the author? of human nature?
• How well did the setting contribute to the mood? How did setting affect character and plot development?

The invisible author One common mistake students make is failing to step back far enough from the story to evaluate it as a piece of work produced by someone . Evaluation–you may be surprised to learn it!–is as much about the author as about the story itself. It is about making informed guesses about the author's purpose, ideas, and attitudes based on his use of language, organization, plot, and character development.

Usually the author does not figure prominently in the story unless the book is autobiographical. More often he is the invisible persona–invisible, yet not absent. The author leaves traces of himself throughout. Paradoxically, your understanding of the author depends on your deliberate detachment from the story itself to discover those traces.

Imagine standing very, very close to a large painting–inches away. Your focus is on blobs of color, but you are unable to identify the object represented. When you move back a few steps and alter your focus, the blobs take on a recognizable form. In the same way, you have to draw back from the story to discern the purpose, ideas , and attitudes of the author.

Author's purpose No one goes to the trouble to write something without purpose. Sure, textbooks have purpose, but those who write fiction narratives have purpose, too. Even fantasy writers have purpose. A book report should include your evaluation of whether the author succeeded in his purpose.

The following writer has made a statement about the author's purpose:

Crichton seems not so much to be warning us of the evils of scientific inquiry as begging us, in a very convincing way, to exercise collective moral restraint on scientific research.

This writer would then go on to use quotations, examples, and evidence from the book to show why she believes this is Crichton's purpose.

To identify and respond to the purpose of an author, try asking questions like these:

• Was the author's purpose to inform or simply entertain me? Did I learn something? Was I entertained? Did I lose interest? If I lost interest, was this author, perhaps, writing to a different audience?
• Is the author trying to persuade me to think or act in a particular way? About what issue? What point of view would he or she have me adopt? Was I convinced?

Author's ideas The author's ideas may be stated by the author himself in a foreword, or they may show up in the words of a narrator or a principal character. The character Ian Malcolm, for example, is a primary spokesman for Crichton's criticism of post-modern science. Malcolm's words, below, express one of the ideas Crichton wishes us to consider:

"I'll tell you the problem with engineers and scientists.... They are focused on whether they can do something. They never stop to ask if they should do something."

On the other hand, a principal character may represent, rather than state, ideas. Hammond's visiting grandchildren, for example, might represent the oblivious, yet threatened, human populations of the mainland and the planet itself. When ideas are implied rather than stated, they are called themes.

To discover and evaluate ideas in a book, try asking questions like the following:

• What was the central problem in the book? Was it a personal, social, or moral problem? Does it relate to life as you know it?
• What ideas(s) about life and society does the author seem to hold?
• What did the principal character(s) learn? How did they change? What does this seem to say about people? About society? About morality?

Author's attitudes Once you have identified what ideas an author is trying to examine, you must still determine what the author's attitude is toward those ideas. An author's attitudes are revealed in part by the tone, or overall mood, of the work. In writing, as in conversation, tone is not so much stated as implied. In reading we depend solely on the emotional overtones of the words to infer the attitudes of the author.

For example, suppose you have determined that Crichton wishes to explore the idea of how private industry exploits scientific research. You must then determine, as well, what Crichton's attitude is toward this situation. Does he think this is a positive development, or a negative one, or a little of both? Does he think it is inevitable, or preventable? One way to figure out Crichton's attitude about this is to identify the tone he uses to tell the story. We describe the tone of a book with adjectives, and more than one if necessary: straightforward, complex, ironic, creepy, pathetic, bitter, comic, tragic.

For example, here is a statement using three different adjectives to describe Crichton's attitude toward one of the central problems in Jurassic Park :

Crichton strikes an ominous tone in Jurassic Park. Even though this is a cautionary tale, the author nevertheless is optimistic that the mainstream scientific community, represented in this story by Alan Grant, can learn restraint and respect for nature.

(When identifying the tone of a book, make the effort to distinguish an individual character's attitude from the author's overall attitude-they may differ.)

To begin talking about tone, ask yourself questions such as these:

Is there a particular setting or scene that stands out in my mind? What was the mood of that scene? Is this mood indicative of the entire book? Is the author an optimist, a pessimist, or a realist? How does he show it? Does a principal character experience one persistent state of mind or emotion? What would I call it? Is it indicative of the work overall? Did the mood of the work help or hinder my understanding of the author's ideas?

"In conclusion..." Clearly it is important to be able to make intelligent inferences about the author, because a book evaluation evaluates how well the author has done her job, not just how much you liked the story. After you have asked and answered that question, then you may add, "I really, really liked it."

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Writing Help: Grammar, Style & Structure

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• What is a Book Review or Book Report?
• What is a Literature Review?

Also referred to as a book report, a  book review  consists of "critical comments on a book, especially when it is first published" ("Book Review, 2006). 

Similar to a short essay, a book review typically includes several of these elements:

     •  Description of the book's main topic, purpose and/or point of view, answering questions such as:

            •  What is the genre of the work (i.e. novel, non-fiction, memoir etc.)?

            •  Who is the intended audience?

            •  If a fictional work, what are the key themes, motifs, and/or plot devices?

            •  If a non-fictional work, what are the main arguments and ideas?

      •  Assessment of the book's main points, biases or flaws

      •  Critical analysis of the book's strengths and weaknesses, literary value and/or overall quality and contribution to the subject area

      •  If non-fiction, an explanation of how the book fits into the academic or popular discourse on a topic or subject area

Book Review. (2006). In P. Collin (Ed.),  Dictionary of publishing and printing . London, United Kingdom: A&C Black. Retrieved from http://search.credoreference.com

Follow these links to learn more about book reviews:

• Book Reviews - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• How to Write Book Reviews - Queens University
• How to write a book report and a book review - Concordia University Libraries

A literature review is a "comprehensive study and interpretation of literature that addresses a specific topic" (Aveyard, 2010).

Literature reviews are generally conducted in one of two ways:

1) As a preliminary review before a larger study in order to critically evaluate the current literature and justify why further study and research is required.

In this case, the researcher must "systematically search, critique and combine the literature to demonstrate a gap in the existing research base" while demonstrating "their understanding of both the research and the methods previously used to investigate the area" (Aveyard, 2010).

2) As a project in itself that provides a comprehensive survey of the works published in a particular discipline or area of research over a specified period of time.

Sometimes referred to as a systematic literature review or meta-analysis, this type of literature review is a critical survey that attempts to "evaluate and interpret all available research evidence relevant to a particular question" (Glasziou, 2001).

Aveyard, H. (2010). Doing a literature review in health and social care: A practical guide (2nd ed.). Bershire, United Kingdom: Open University Press.

Galsziou, P. (2001). Systematic reviews in health care: A practical guide . New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Learn more about literature reviews:

• Guidelines for writing a literature review - University of Minnesota Duluth A step-by-step guide for writing a literature review
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The Difference between an Essay and a Book Report

For most people, hearing the term "essay" brings to mind the book reports they wrote or are still writing in school. There's a good reason that many people don't know the difference between the two, and that's because a book report is basically just a particular type of essay. The good news is that if you've ever written a book report, you already have some knowledge about writing an essay. There are some distinctions, however, that you should know.

What is A Book Report?

A book report is, quite simply, an essay about a book. These types of essays summarize an entire book by analyzing its plot, characters, and themes. Although some book reports contain only that summary, a great book report will include the book report writer's thoughts and opinions on what they've read. Most often, a book report covers the main features of the book without any requirement to make an argument about it.

Most importantly, a book report can only be written about a book. There is no wiggle room on this point, and that's the main difference between the definition of a book report and the wider definition of an essay.

What is an Essay?

An essay is an informative piece of writing that can be written on virtually any topic imaginable. The topic may be a book and include a summary of it, but essays have been written on science, math, politics, personal experiences, criminal justice, health, or an historical event. The biggest difference is, quite simply, in the possibilities.

Essays can also be narrative, argumentative, persuasive, or expository. Traditionally, an essay requires the writer to examine a topic in a new way and include a critical analysis of their subject. A good essay will also include several outside sources to support the writer's argument instead of focusing on just one outside piece of writing.

What Would You Like to Know?

Book reports are usually assigned to students in elementary, middle, and high school and their purpose is to prove that the writer has read the book they've been asked to write about. Since essays require critical thinking and analysis, they're usually assigned for students at higher grade levels and the level of analysis required increases depending on that level, as well.

Whether you've been assigned a book report or any other type of essay, structure, grammar, spelling, and punctuation are all important, and so is organizing your points and showing off what you've learned.

Book Reviews

What this handout is about.

This handout will help you write a book review, a report or essay that offers a critical perspective on a text. It offers a process and suggests some strategies for writing book reviews.

What is a review?

A review is a critical evaluation of a text, event, object, or phenomenon. Reviews can consider books, articles, entire genres or fields of literature, architecture, art, fashion, restaurants, policies, exhibitions, performances, and many other forms. This handout will focus on book reviews. For a similar assignment, see our handout on literature reviews .

Above all, a review makes an argument. The most important element of a review is that it is a commentary, not merely a summary. It allows you to enter into dialogue and discussion with the work’s creator and with other audiences. You can offer agreement or disagreement and identify where you find the work exemplary or deficient in its knowledge, judgments, or organization. You should clearly state your opinion of the work in question, and that statement will probably resemble other types of academic writing, with a thesis statement, supporting body paragraphs, and a conclusion.

Typically, reviews are brief. In newspapers and academic journals, they rarely exceed 1000 words, although you may encounter lengthier assignments and extended commentaries. In either case, reviews need to be succinct. While they vary in tone, subject, and style, they share some common features:

• First, a review gives the reader a concise summary of the content. This includes a relevant description of the topic as well as its overall perspective, argument, or purpose.
• Second, and more importantly, a review offers a critical assessment of the content. This involves your reactions to the work under review: what strikes you as noteworthy, whether or not it was effective or persuasive, and how it enhanced your understanding of the issues at hand.
• Finally, in addition to analyzing the work, a review often suggests whether or not the audience would appreciate it.

Becoming an expert reviewer: three short examples

Reviewing can be a daunting task. Someone has asked for your opinion about something that you may feel unqualified to evaluate. Who are you to criticize Toni Morrison’s new book if you’ve never written a novel yourself, much less won a Nobel Prize? The point is that someone—a professor, a journal editor, peers in a study group—wants to know what you think about a particular work. You may not be (or feel like) an expert, but you need to pretend to be one for your particular audience. Nobody expects you to be the intellectual equal of the work’s creator, but your careful observations can provide you with the raw material to make reasoned judgments. Tactfully voicing agreement and disagreement, praise and criticism, is a valuable, challenging skill, and like many forms of writing, reviews require you to provide concrete evidence for your assertions.

Consider the following brief book review written for a history course on medieval Europe by a student who is fascinated with beer:

Judith Bennett’s Ale, Beer, and Brewsters in England: Women’s Work in a Changing World, 1300-1600, investigates how women used to brew and sell the majority of ale drunk in England. Historically, ale and beer (not milk, wine, or water) were important elements of the English diet. Ale brewing was low-skill and low status labor that was complimentary to women’s domestic responsibilities. In the early fifteenth century, brewers began to make ale with hops, and they called this new drink “beer.” This technique allowed brewers to produce their beverages at a lower cost and to sell it more easily, although women generally stopped brewing once the business became more profitable.

The student describes the subject of the book and provides an accurate summary of its contents. But the reader does not learn some key information expected from a review: the author’s argument, the student’s appraisal of the book and its argument, and whether or not the student would recommend the book. As a critical assessment, a book review should focus on opinions, not facts and details. Summary should be kept to a minimum, and specific details should serve to illustrate arguments.

Now consider a review of the same book written by a slightly more opinionated student:

Judith Bennett’s Ale, Beer, and Brewsters in England: Women’s Work in a Changing World, 1300-1600 was a colossal disappointment. I wanted to know about the rituals surrounding drinking in medieval England: the songs, the games, the parties. Bennett provided none of that information. I liked how the book showed ale and beer brewing as an economic activity, but the reader gets lost in the details of prices and wages. I was more interested in the private lives of the women brewsters. The book was divided into eight long chapters, and I can’t imagine why anyone would ever want to read it.

There’s no shortage of judgments in this review! But the student does not display a working knowledge of the book’s argument. The reader has a sense of what the student expected of the book, but no sense of what the author herself set out to prove. Although the student gives several reasons for the negative review, those examples do not clearly relate to each other as part of an overall evaluation—in other words, in support of a specific thesis. This review is indeed an assessment, but not a critical one.

Here is one final review of the same book:

One of feminism’s paradoxes—one that challenges many of its optimistic histories—is how patriarchy remains persistent over time. While Judith Bennett’s Ale, Beer, and Brewsters in England: Women’s Work in a Changing World, 1300-1600 recognizes medieval women as historical actors through their ale brewing, it also shows that female agency had its limits with the advent of beer. I had assumed that those limits were religious and political, but Bennett shows how a “patriarchal equilibrium” shut women out of economic life as well. Her analysis of women’s wages in ale and beer production proves that a change in women’s work does not equate to a change in working women’s status. Contemporary feminists and historians alike should read Bennett’s book and think twice when they crack open their next brewsky.

This student’s review avoids the problems of the previous two examples. It combines balanced opinion and concrete example, a critical assessment based on an explicitly stated rationale, and a recommendation to a potential audience. The reader gets a sense of what the book’s author intended to demonstrate. Moreover, the student refers to an argument about feminist history in general that places the book in a specific genre and that reaches out to a general audience. The example of analyzing wages illustrates an argument, the analysis engages significant intellectual debates, and the reasons for the overall positive review are plainly visible. The review offers criteria, opinions, and support with which the reader can agree or disagree.

Developing an assessment: before you write

There is no definitive method to writing a review, although some critical thinking about the work at hand is necessary before you actually begin writing. Thus, writing a review is a two-step process: developing an argument about the work under consideration, and making that argument as you write an organized and well-supported draft. See our handout on argument .

What follows is a series of questions to focus your thinking as you dig into the work at hand. While the questions specifically consider book reviews, you can easily transpose them to an analysis of performances, exhibitions, and other review subjects. Don’t feel obligated to address each of the questions; some will be more relevant than others to the book in question.

• What is the thesis—or main argument—of the book? If the author wanted you to get one idea from the book, what would it be? How does it compare or contrast to the world you know? What has the book accomplished?
• What exactly is the subject or topic of the book? Does the author cover the subject adequately? Does the author cover all aspects of the subject in a balanced fashion? What is the approach to the subject (topical, analytical, chronological, descriptive)?
• How does the author support their argument? What evidence do they use to prove their point? Do you find that evidence convincing? Why or why not? Does any of the author’s information (or conclusions) conflict with other books you’ve read, courses you’ve taken or just previous assumptions you had of the subject?
• How does the author structure their argument? What are the parts that make up the whole? Does the argument make sense? Does it persuade you? Why or why not?
• How has this book helped you understand the subject? Would you recommend the book to your reader?

Beyond the internal workings of the book, you may also consider some information about the author and the circumstances of the text’s production:

• Who is the author? Nationality, political persuasion, training, intellectual interests, personal history, and historical context may provide crucial details about how a work takes shape. Does it matter, for example, that the biographer was the subject’s best friend? What difference would it make if the author participated in the events they write about?
• What is the book’s genre? Out of what field does it emerge? Does it conform to or depart from the conventions of its genre? These questions can provide a historical or literary standard on which to base your evaluations. If you are reviewing the first book ever written on the subject, it will be important for your readers to know. Keep in mind, though, that naming “firsts”—alongside naming “bests” and “onlys”—can be a risky business unless you’re absolutely certain.

Writing the review

Once you have made your observations and assessments of the work under review, carefully survey your notes and attempt to unify your impressions into a statement that will describe the purpose or thesis of your review. Check out our handout on thesis statements . Then, outline the arguments that support your thesis.

Your arguments should develop the thesis in a logical manner. That logic, unlike more standard academic writing, may initially emphasize the author’s argument while you develop your own in the course of the review. The relative emphasis depends on the nature of the review: if readers may be more interested in the work itself, you may want to make the work and the author more prominent; if you want the review to be about your perspective and opinions, then you may structure the review to privilege your observations over (but never separate from) those of the work under review. What follows is just one of many ways to organize a review.

Introduction

Since most reviews are brief, many writers begin with a catchy quip or anecdote that succinctly delivers their argument. But you can introduce your review differently depending on the argument and audience. The Writing Center’s handout on introductions can help you find an approach that works. In general, you should include:

• The name of the author and the book title and the main theme.
• Relevant details about who the author is and where they stand in the genre or field of inquiry. You could also link the title to the subject to show how the title explains the subject matter.
• The context of the book and/or your review. Placing your review in a framework that makes sense to your audience alerts readers to your “take” on the book. Perhaps you want to situate a book about the Cuban revolution in the context of Cold War rivalries between the United States and the Soviet Union. Another reviewer might want to consider the book in the framework of Latin American social movements. Your choice of context informs your argument.
• The thesis of the book. If you are reviewing fiction, this may be difficult since novels, plays, and short stories rarely have explicit arguments. But identifying the book’s particular novelty, angle, or originality allows you to show what specific contribution the piece is trying to make.
• Your thesis about the book.

Summary of content

This should be brief, as analysis takes priority. In the course of making your assessment, you’ll hopefully be backing up your assertions with concrete evidence from the book, so some summary will be dispersed throughout other parts of the review.

The necessary amount of summary also depends on your audience. Graduate students, beware! If you are writing book reviews for colleagues—to prepare for comprehensive exams, for example—you may want to devote more attention to summarizing the book’s contents. If, on the other hand, your audience has already read the book—such as a class assignment on the same work—you may have more liberty to explore more subtle points and to emphasize your own argument. See our handout on summary for more tips.

Analysis and evaluation of the book

Your analysis and evaluation should be organized into paragraphs that deal with single aspects of your argument. This arrangement can be challenging when your purpose is to consider the book as a whole, but it can help you differentiate elements of your criticism and pair assertions with evidence more clearly. You do not necessarily need to work chronologically through the book as you discuss it. Given the argument you want to make, you can organize your paragraphs more usefully by themes, methods, or other elements of the book. If you find it useful to include comparisons to other books, keep them brief so that the book under review remains in the spotlight. Avoid excessive quotation and give a specific page reference in parentheses when you do quote. Remember that you can state many of the author’s points in your own words.

Sum up or restate your thesis or make the final judgment regarding the book. You should not introduce new evidence for your argument in the conclusion. You can, however, introduce new ideas that go beyond the book if they extend the logic of your own thesis. This paragraph needs to balance the book’s strengths and weaknesses in order to unify your evaluation. Did the body of your review have three negative paragraphs and one favorable one? What do they all add up to? The Writing Center’s handout on conclusions can help you make a final assessment.

Finally, a few general considerations:

• Review the book in front of you, not the book you wish the author had written. You can and should point out shortcomings or failures, but don’t criticize the book for not being something it was never intended to be.
• With any luck, the author of the book worked hard to find the right words to express her ideas. You should attempt to do the same. Precise language allows you to control the tone of your review.
• Never hesitate to challenge an assumption, approach, or argument. Be sure, however, to cite specific examples to back up your assertions carefully.
• Try to present a balanced argument about the value of the book for its audience. You’re entitled—and sometimes obligated—to voice strong agreement or disagreement. But keep in mind that a bad book takes as long to write as a good one, and every author deserves fair treatment. Harsh judgments are difficult to prove and can give readers the sense that you were unfair in your assessment.
• A great place to learn about book reviews is to look at examples. The New York Times Sunday Book Review and The New York Review of Books can show you how professional writers review books.

Works consulted

We consulted these works while writing this handout. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on the handout’s topic, and we encourage you to do your own research to find additional publications. Please do not use this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style you are using. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial . We revise these tips periodically and welcome feedback.

Drewry, John. 1974. Writing Book Reviews. Boston: Greenwood Press.

Hoge, James. 1987. Literary Reviewing. Charlottesville: University Virginia of Press.

Sova, Dawn, and Harry Teitelbaum. 2002. How to Write Book Reports , 4th ed. Lawrenceville, NY: Thomson/Arco.

Walford, A.J. 1986. Reviews and Reviewing: A Guide. Phoenix: Oryx Press.

You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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How andrew breitbart and ‘weinergate’ changed american media.

Few media personalities had as much impact on how news is consumed and delivered than Andrew Breitbart, the controversial founder of the conservative news-site Breitbart News Network . In the new collection of essays Against the Corporate Media, author Larry O’Connor explains how Breitbart translated a once-in-a-lifetime news scoop in 2011 into a media enterprise whose outsized influence still resonates more than a decade later.

There was a moment during Andrew Breitbart’s funeral in 2012 when I purposefully scanned those sitting around me and soaked their faces into my memory banks. I wanted to remember who was there.

I wanted to remember the faces of the men and women Andrew had chosen to help to develop and build his new media empire all while fulfilling his vision of a revolutionary new media paradigm. 

Greg Gutfeld was there. So was Ben Shapiro. Andrew Klavan, Dana Loesch, Michael Flynn (not the three-star general), Michael Walsh, Matt Drudge and Dennis Miller. I also saw a couple of congressmen and possibly a senator. I saw a few recognizable actors from film and television plus a good handful of media types from the traditional, corporate “mainstream media.” The very mainstream media Andrew wanted to single-handedly destroy. 

Andrew was a visionary, no doubt. He saw a new media world where the gatekeepers would become irrelevant, if not extinct. He saw this new media world emerge firsthand, at the moment when Matt Drudge broke the Monica Lewinsky scandal on his rudimentary, single-page, monochromatic Drudge Report website.

With that one story, he saw the networks and The New York Times with their billion-dollar combined budgets reduced to mere spectators to the biggest political scandal since Watergate. If it happened with Lewinsky, he thought, why can’t it happen again? Why can’t it happen in perpetuity?

As Drudge’s primary editor, Andrew learned the rhythmic nature of the news cycle. And then, in 2011, something extraordinary happened. Andrew didn’t just deliver news items and original reporting into the news cycle waves — he personally got caught in the center of a whirlpool of events that would either end with his destruction (and perhaps even his arrest on federal criminal charges), or he would be single-handedly instrumental in the downfall of a powerful member of Congress with connections to the Clinton dynasty. This was the Anthony Weiner scandal. 

It was the evening of May 27, 2011, when Andrew called an emergency conference call of all his editors. I jumped on and Andrew informed us that in the past hour a tweet had been sent from the account of Rep. Anthony Weiner, Democrat of New York, that included a picture of an erection barely contained within the confines of a pair of snug, cloth underpants. 

There was no doubt the picture was sent from the congressman’s account. By the time we were on the phone discussing it, the tweet had been deleted. Andrew had taken a screenshot of it and several of us (me included) had seen the tweet and could verify that the screenshot was not doctored, the tweet had definitely originated from Weiner’s verified account. 

But how to handle this as a news story? What, exactly, had happened? We couldn’t claim the picture was sent by Weiner because it could have been someone in his office with access to his account. Or, he could have been hacked. Was this newsworthy, and if it was, what was the actual story here? 

During the conference call, we observed Weiner’s tweets disappearing before our eyes as well as the Twitter and Facebook page of the intended recipient of the tawdry image. Weiner than claimed on his account that he had been hacked. “We’re watching the cover-up,” Andrew said to all of us. As usual, he was right. 

“Of course, we have a story here,” he said. “We have a huge story. A sitting congressman’s Twitter account has been hacked with a pornographic image. It may very well be an attempt to frame him.” It was either that, or that Weiner was guilty of some pretty tawdry stuff, and now he was engaged in covering it up. Andrew personally wrote the headline: “Weinergate: Congressman Claims ‘Facebook Hacked’ as Lewd Photo Hits Twitter.” Yes, Andrew himself coined the phrase: “Weinergate.” 

The original post was published late in the evening of May 27, Pacific time, as all articles on the sites were time-stamped from Los Angeles since this was Andrew’s home and base. Social media exploded. By the time the East Coast woke up the next morning, it was already a sensation. 

It was Memorial Day weekend, and the usually dormant news cycle was perfectly poised for a story like this. We were tracking how mainstream outlets would cover it, and before long it was clear that the main focus was not on Weiner but on Breitbart. 

Weiner continued to stick with his denial and his claim that he had been hacked. Suddenly, reporters started pointing the finger at Andrew. The narrative evolved and before Memorial Day rolled around Andrew found himself on phone call after phone call denying that he had hacked the social media accounts of a sitting congressman. 

After all, who are you going to believe—a leftwing Democratic politician married to Hillary Clinton’s personal assistant, Huma Abedin, or a “rightwing blogger” like Andrew Breitbart? Weiner was a darling of the liberal press in Manhattan and Washington, a protégé of New York Sen. Chuck Schumer. Former President Bill Clinton, of all people, had officiated at Weiner and Abedin’s wedding. Whereas Breitbart was a pariah, and the mainstream media treated him as such. 

Cable news became obsessed with the story; they thought they could destroy Breitbart. This was their way of finally being rid of the rightwing upstart who made his name defying their rules. 

CNN had Andrew on to discuss our story, where Breitbart factually noted that the media should be scrutinizing Weiner and digging into his apparent interest in sharing lewd, lascivious material with very young women. House legal analyst Jeffrey Toobin was then brought on the air to analyze the legal trouble that Weiner or Breitbart might be in, depending on whom one believed. 

“Look, this is a light-hearted story. This is a silly little thing that happened; it’s not a big deal,” Toobin said (Toobin’s “not a big deal” is just delicious in light of what led to his career downfall a decade later.) 

Over on MSNBC, it was Salon’s Joan Walsh who piled on Breitbart and turned him (and those of us who worked on the sites) into the villains of the story. Joan had come to the conclusion that Weinergate was the product of a “rightwing smear machine,” and Andrew Breitbart was the creator and operator of the machine. Corporate journalists at the major, established institutions were spending their energy and effort blaming the messenger, Breitbart, instead of pursuing the truth: that their liberal hero, Anthony Weiner, actually did this awful, self-destructive thing. 

The pressure on Andrew was tremendous as Weiner stuck to his story. But cracks were starting to show. By mid-week, some reporters noted that Weiner had not contacted the FBI or even the Capitol Hill Police about the alleged cyber-intrusion. He had lawyered up, however.

CNN’s Dana Bash confronted Weiner on the steps of the Capitol and his performance was less “noble victim” and more “obfuscating perp.” It was clear that he was hiding something. Weiner’s original, unequivocal denial had morphed into a weasel-y admission that he could not say “with certitude” that it wasn’t him.

We had him. From an anonymous tip, we knew that Weiner had done this before, and we knew he was lying. By the time Andrew infamously took the podium and hijacked Weiner’s own press conference in Midtown Manhattan on June 6, 2011, the day our tipster’s story was published, Andrew had been fully vindicated, even if Toobin, Joan Walsh, and the rest of his detractors refused to acknowledge it. 

The Weinergate affair best exemplifies the revolution that Andrew fought and won in his three short years in the public eye. Like the Lewinsky scandal 15 years before, the Weiner story broke online and outside of the self-appointed news gatekeepers. If they had been in charge still, they would have shelved the story.

It would have died. But Andrew’s new-media revolution created the environment where The New York Times, The Washington Post and the broadcast networks were irrelevant bystanders. 

Ultimately, the Weinergate story was a media story. About how the media missed the news. Ignored the news because its members didn’t like what they saw.

Distorted the news so it could fit their preconceived narrative. And finally, how the members of the media memory-holed the news, evidenced by their willingness to celebrate Weiner’s triumphant return to public life in 2013 when a “rehabilitated” Weiner came a whisker away from becoming mayor of New York City. He would have easily won the election if it weren’t for yet another sexting scandal. 

Since the Weinergate affair, things have never been the same for the legacy media. The media revolution Andrew began reached full circle when in 2016 a man who was rejected by the editorial boards of 98 of the one hundred largest newspapers in America won the presidential election. 

Andrew would have loved how thoroughly the media was humiliated, ignored and dismissed by the American people on election night, 2016. And without a doubt he would have relished Trump’s no-holds-barred war with the media throughout his presidency. 

From “Against the Corporate Media: Forty Ways the Press Hates You”; Copyright 2024; Posthill Press

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Raptors Rookie Becomes 1st Player to Sign With New Shoe Company

Aaron rose | sep 12, 2024.

• Toronto Raptors

Toronto Raptors rookie Jonathan Mogbo appears to have a new shoe deal.

The 22-year-old announced his partnership with Serious Player Only, becoming the first NBA player to affiliate with the shoe company, per Boardroom .

View this post on Instagram A post shared by SERIOUSPLAYERONLY (@seriousplayeronly)

Former NBA All-Star Victor Oladipo was previously seen wearing the Serious Player Only "Player 1" shoes.

Mogbo was selected by Toronto with the No. 31 pick in the NBA Draft earlier this summer. He's a 6-foot-6 power forward with impressive ball-handling and playmaking abilities for a player of his size. He proved to be a versatile defender and multi-skilled offensive weapon, averaging 14.2 points, 10.1 rebounds, and 3.6 assists per game for the San Francisco Dons this past season.

The Raptors will likely begin the year with Mogbo out of the rotation, giving the rookie plenty of time to develop his game with the Raptors 905, Toronto's G League affiliate. The hope is Mogbo can become an average three-point shooter after failing to make a single three-pointer in his two-year Division I collegiate career.

Mogbo is expected to be the only Raptors player wearing a shoe that isn't from one of the mainstream shoe companies. Most Raptors players including Scottie Barnes and Immanuel Quickley will take the court this season in Nikes. Gradey Dick has a partnership that will see him wearing Adidas this year while RJ Barrett and Chris Boucher are affiliated with Puma.

The last Raptors player to sign a deal with a shoe company outside of the mainstream was Fred VanVleet who wore Li-Ning shoes while playing in Toronto.

Aaron Rose is a Toronto-based reporter covering the Toronto Raptors since 2020.

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‘They’re Eating the Cats’: Trump Repeats False Claim About Immigrants

Donald J. Trump amplified an outlandish internet theory from the debate stage, drawing laughter from his opponent, Vice President Kamala Harris.

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By Jazmine Ulloa

• Sept. 10, 2024

Former President Donald J. Trump repeated a false and outlandish claim that Haitian immigrants in Springfield, Ohio, have abducted and eaten their neighbors’ pets.

Mr. Trump made the comments on Tuesday early in his first debate against Vice President Kamala Harris, shortly after Ms. Harris mocked his rallies as so filled with fictions and fringe theories that attendees leave early. Mr. Trump responded by trying to pivot back to the subject under discussion, immigration.

“A lot of towns don’t want to talk about it because they’re so embarrassed by it,” he said. “In Springfield, they’re eating the dogs. The people that came in, they’re eating the cats. They’re eating — they’re eating the pets of the people that live there.”

Mr. Trump and his running mate, Senator JD Vance of Ohio, have amplified the internet rumor on the campaign trail this week. It stems from viral social media posts that have spread as Mr. Vance and others have sought to stir fears about the growing Haitian population in Springfield , though members of the community are living and working in the United States legally.

Local officials have found no evidence, credible reports or specific claims of pets being harmed by Haitian residents.

When David Muir, a debate moderator, noted the lack of evidence, Mr. Trump said he had gotten his information from “the people on television saying my dog was taken and used for food.”

Ms. Harris laughed. Mr. Trump’s “extreme” statements, she said, are one of the reasons she has the endorsements of 200 Republicans.

Mr. Vance first made the claim about Haitian immigrants on Monday , saying “it’s coming to your city next.” A news release from the Trump campaign later recounted the falsehoods. Mr. Vance then appeared to backtrack on Tuesday morning in a social post, saying his office had “received many inquiries” about the false claims. But he added that “it’s possible, of course, that all of these rumors will turn out to be false.”

That has not stopped the social media platforms from being awash with memes and AI-generated images of cats in support of Mr. Trump.

Job opportunities in Springfield, a city of roughly 58,000 people between Columbus and Dayton, have attracted thousands of Haitians since the pandemic began, with city officials estimating that as many as 20,000 have arrived. By some accounts, the immigrant community has helped revitalize the town , though it has put pressure on housing, schools and hospitals.

Jazmine Ulloa is a national politics reporter for The Times, covering the 2024 presidential campaign. She is based in Washington. More about Jazmine Ulloa