phd in organizational psychology salary

Organizational Psychologist Salary in the United States

Organizational psychologist salary.

How much does an Organizational Psychologist make in the United States? The average Organizational Psychologist salary in the United States is $137,293 as of May 28, 2024, but the range typically falls between $112,562 and $156,291 . Salary ranges can vary widely depending on many important factors, including education , certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession. With more online, real-time compensation data than any other website, Salary.com helps you determine your exact pay target. 

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Organizational Consulting Psychologist (OCP) with Security Clearance

Cape Fox Shared Services - Fort Belvoir, VA

ORGANIZATIONAL CONSULTING PSYCHOLOGIST (OCP) WITH SECURITY CLEARANCE

Cape Fox Shared Services - , VA

Psychologist

Confluence Health - Wenatchee, WA

Director Human Resources & Organizational Development

Rutland Regional Medical Center - Rutland, VT

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What skills does an Organizational Psychologist need?

Each competency has five to ten behavioral assertions that can be observed, each with a corresponding performance level (from one to five) that is required for a particular job.

Problem Solving: Analyzing and identifying the root cause of problems and applying critical thinking skills to solve problems.

Group Counseling: A form of psychotherapy that involves four to ten clients and two experienced group therapists. They meet every week for ninety minutes. During that time, they discuss the issues that are concerning them and offer each other support and feedback.

Speech Therapy: Speech therapy assesses and treats speech disorders and communication problems. It helps people develop skills like comprehension, clarity, voice, fluency and sound production.

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Job Description for Organizational Psychologist

Organizational Psychologist studies and assesses the organizations workforce, management, culture, business objectives, and challenges using psychological principles and research methods. Designs and develops programs and tools that will be appropriate for the needs of the organization and which will assist employees and management to better achieve desired goals. Being an Organizational Psychologist utilizes various methods including employee surveys, focus groups, skill assessments, performance appraisals, and other feedback mechanisms to assist management in identifying issues and driving improvements. Creates solutions and programs that may be focused on employee selection, job training, leadership training, workplace and family issues, and change management. Additionally, Organizational Psychologist requires a master's degree in industrial/organizational psychology. Typically reports to a manager or head of a unit/department. The Organizational Psychologist works autonomously. Goals are generally communicated in "solution" or project goal terms. May provide a leadership role for the work group through knowledge in the area of specialization. Works on advanced, complex technical projects or business issues requiring state of the art technical or industry knowledge. To be an Organizational Psychologist typically requires 10+ years of related experience. (Copyright 2024 Salary.com)... View full job description

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• ORGANIZATIONAL CONSULTING PSYCHOLOGIST (OCP) WITH SECURITY CLEARANCE Cape Fox Shared Services - , VA NewlyReopened Opportunity. To all cleared Psychologist. Cape Fox Facilities Services (CFFS) is seeking highly skilled candidates for a current contract. An... - 4 Days Ago
• Psychologist Confluence Health - Wenatchee, WA Job Description. Salary Range. $44.71 - $67.83. Overview. Located in the heart of Washington, we enjoy open skies, snow-capped mountains, and the lakes and... - 28 Days Ago
• Director Human Resources & Organizational Development Rutland Regional Medical Center - Rutland, VT Job Description. The Director of Human Resources and Organizational Development is an innovative leader of the Human Resources and Service Excellence funct... - 4 Days Ago
• Clinical Psychologist (Staff Psychologist) Federal Bureau of Prisons - Huntsville, AL Job Description. \n\t\n\t\tCodebeautify.org. Text to HTML. Converter\n\t\n\t\n\t\t. Summary\n \nCorrections professionals who foster a humane and secure en... - 17 Days Ago

Career Path for Organizational Psychologist

A career path is a sequence of jobs that leads to your short- and long-term career goals. Some follow a linear career path within one field, while others change fields periodically to achieve career or personal goals.

For Organizational Psychologist, the first career path typically starts with a Leadership Development & Planning Manager position, and then progresses to Leadership Development & Planning Senior Manager.

Additionally, the second career path typically starts with a Talent Performance Manager position, and then progresses to Talent Performance Senior Manager.

What does an Organizational Psychologist do?

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Organizational Psychologist Pay Difference by Location

Organizational Psychologist salary varies from city to city. Compared with national average salary of Organizational Psychologist, the highest Organizational Psychologist salary is in San Francisco, CA, where the Organizational Psychologist salary is 25.0% above. The lowest Organizational Psychologist salary is in Miami, FL, where the Organizational Psychologist salary is 3.5% lower than national average salary.

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Skills associated with Organizational Psychologist: Participant observation , Performance Management Programs , HR Regulatory Environment & Compliance , Organizational Change Management ... More

Recently searched related titles: Developmental Psychologist , Educational Psychologist , Behavioral Economist

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Salary estimation for Organizational Psychologist at companies like : Dalton, Patrick, MD , Barenecessities , Praxis Healthcare LLC

Jobs with a similar salary range to Organizational Psychologist : Organization Development Consultant

Building a Career in Industrial-Organizational Psychology

Are you considering a career in industrial-organizational psychology? Here's what you need to know to get started.

Mary Sharp Emerson

Today’s workplace is evolving quickly. Baby boomers are retiring while Gen Z is just entering the workforce. And technology is rapidly changing where people work and how they communicate and collaborate.

To keep up, employers increasingly need skilled professionals who can help them meet the diverse needs of a multi-generational and multi-cultural workforce. Organizations need leaders who can build and maintain efficient and effective processes to help them stay competitive.

The professionals with the knowledge and skill to address these complex challenges often have a background in industrial-organizational psychology.  

In this guide, we offer a comprehensive overview of what a career in industrial-organizational psychology might look like. You’ll also find helpful tips on how to build a successful career in this dynamic field.

What is Industrial-Organizational Psychology?

According to the American Psychological Association (APA), industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology focuses on studying and improving human behaviors within teams, organizations, and the workplace.

“The specialty of industrial-organizational psychology addresses issues of recruitment, selection and placement, training and development, performance measurement, workplace motivation and reward systems, quality of work life, structure of work and human factors, organizational development and consumer behavior,” according to the APA. 

Industrial-organizational psychologists are not clinicians. They do not work with individuals to resolve mental health or social problems. 

Instead, I/O psychologists are business-focused. Their job—broadly speaking—is to help employees and organizations create sustainable practices to improve the workplace for employees and to build efficient processes to improve productivity and profitability. 

Learn About Our Industrial-Organizational Psychology Graduate Degree Program

Why Choose a Career in Industrial-Organizational Psychology?

Industrial-organizational psychology is a dynamic field that may surprise you with its range of variety and opportunity. Here are just a few of the many reasons why you might want to consider a career in this exciting area.

You get to help people

Industrial-organizational psychologists help make workplaces as safe, productive, and satisfying as possible. As an I/O psychologist, you might help employees learn to do their jobs better, negotiate better salaries and working conditions, create more inclusive work environments, or resolve workplace conflicts. 

You can find a job that fits the skills and tasks you enjoy

As an I/O psychologist, you might do research and data analysis. You might develop and deliver employee training and education programs. You might focus on corporate efficiency and safety. You might focus on inclusion and diversity in the workforce. You might develop better hiring and retention policies. Your path will depend on your unique personality and skill set.

You can work in nearly any industry

Here are just a few of the many places where industrial-organizational psychologists might find work :

• Labor unions
• Elementary and high schools
• State and national government agencies
• Manufacturing companies
• Colleges and universities
• Hospitals and other healthcare facilities
• Marketing and advertising firms
• Any company, small or large, with an HR department

The Society of Industrial and Organizational Psychology website offers an interactive tool to help you envision the many different ways in which a career in industrial-organizational psychology might unfold. 

You can earn an excellent salary

According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics , the average annual salary for an industrial-organizational psychologist is $96,270. While starting salaries might begin around $60,000 per year, they can go as high as $190,000 per year, or perhaps even higher.

Your salary and lifetime earning potential will depend heavily on your career path, including your location, your industry, the type of work you do, your level of education, and years of experience. 

It can also depend on whether you choose work as an internal team member or as an external consultant and whether you choose to work as an individual contributor or move into management. 

What Does a Career in Industrial-Organizational Psychology Look Like? 

A quick search for “industrial-organizational psychologist” on job-posting sites won’t yield many results. 

Very few I/O psychology positions use that title. In fact, in most states, using the word “psychologist” in your job title requires board certification and licensure, and is more applicable to clinical positions.

Common job titles for industrial-organizational psychologists include: 

• Human Resources Manager
• Staffing and Recruiting Manager
• Behavioral Analyst
• Workforce Analyst
• Team Development Trainer or Manager
• Executive Coach
• Project Manager
• Organizational Effectiveness Consultant
• Policy Officer
• Market Analyst or Researcher

When looking for industrial-organizational psychology jobs, try not to focus on specific titles. Instead, focus your search on education, core skills, industries of interest, and job roles. And be sure to stay flexible, creative, and open-minded. Your search might take you in some unexpected directions.

What Do You Need to Start—or Advance—a Career in Industrial-Organizational Psychology?  

With such flexible and wide-ranging options, the necessary personality traits, skills, and educational backgrounds required to build an industrial-organizational psychology career are also quite diverse. Here are a few of the things you should consider.

Educational Requirements for I/O Psychology

Regardless of job title or industry, most positions in industrial-organizational psychology require a master’s degree in industrial-organizational psychology . You’ll need a master’s degree and several years of directly relevant experience to move into a senior or management position, or to work as a consultant. Research-oriented jobs, teaching at a university, and some other positions may require a doctoral degree (PhD).

Not sure whether you should pursue a master’s or a doctoral degree? That will depend on how much time and money you wish to invest in your education. 

It may also depend on the type of job you are interested in. Professionals with a master’s degree lean toward hands-on work, collaborating with employers and employees to find solutions for real-life problems. Jobs that require PhDs tend to focus on data analysis and statistics. You might pursue this path if you envision yourself doing research or working in a university setting.

Skills You Need for a Career in I/O Psychology

Industrial-organizational psychology involves a unique mix of both hard and soft skills. 

Two of the most important hard skills revolve around research and analysis. For example, you may be required to analyze data, systems, or operations. And you’ll be called upon to use both research and analysis to facilitate complex problem-solving.

Critical soft skills include excellent interpersonal and organizational skills, written and verbal communication skills, active listening, conflict management, and the ability to work in and lead teams. 

You can learn more about the types of skills you need in an I/O psychology career path in our blog 10 Skills You Need to Become an Industrial-Organizational Psychologist .

Personal Qualities that are Important for a Career in Industrial-Organizational Psychology

While you might have all the right skills for a career in industrial-organizational psychology, some personality traits may lend themselves better to this career choice. For example, you should: 

• Be interested in human behavior, especially in team settings
• Have an analytic mindset
• Be willing to confront—and solve—complex problems 
• Feel comfortable applying scientific methodologies
• Be conscientious and trustworthy
• Be willing to work closely with people

While by no means an exhaustive list, this gives you a basic understanding of the types of traits that you will likely find useful and even necessary in an I/O psychology career. 

Potential Career Pathways into I/O Psychology

There’s no one way to get started in industrial-organizational psychology. And it’s never too late to begin a transition into the field.

Many industrial-organizational psychologists start with a bachelor’s degree in psychology or industrial-organizational psychology. Recognizing the growing need for these skilled professionals, many colleges and universities have begun to couple bachelor’s and master’s degrees into a single, fast-tracked educational path .

However, bachelor’s degrees in business, business administration, human resources, and even teaching can also lay the educational foundation for a successful transition into I/O psychology.

And whatever your undergraduate degree, pursuing an advanced degree in industrial-organizational psychology is a great way to make a career change from an entry-level position. 

Many people who move into I/O psychology do so from positions in human resources, business administration, or business analysis. However, social workers, teachers and childcare providers, marketing and advertising professionals, career counselors, and diversity, inclusion, and equity specialists—to name a few—all have unique skills that are applicable to a career in industrial-organizational psychology. 

If you are looking for a great way to advance your career or to move into an exciting field with flexibility and serious growth potential, a career in industrial-organizational psychology might be right for you. Advancing your education with a part-time, online master’s degree in I/O psychology is an excellent first step on your unique career path.

Ready to get started? Take your first course today.

About the Author

Digital Content Producer

Emerson is a Digital Content Producer at Harvard DCE. She is a graduate of Brandeis University and Yale University and started her career as an international affairs analyst. She is an avid triathlete and has completed three Ironman triathlons, as well as the Boston Marathon.

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Organizational Behavior

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Scholars in the doctoral program in Organizational Behavior at Harvard Business School are prepared to pursue an interdisciplinary inquiry into issues that are broadly related to the functioning of individuals within groups, at either the micro or macro level. Graduates of our program go on to become the leading researchers and thinkers in organizational behavior, shaping the field and advancing theoretical understanding in posts at schools of management or in disciplinary departments.

The Organizational Behavior program is jointly administered by the faculty of Harvard Business School and the Department of Sociology in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, and students have the opportunity to work with faculty from both the Faculty of Arts and Sciences and Harvard Business School.

Curriculum & Coursework

Our program offers two distinct tracks, with research focused either on the micro or macro level. Students who choose to focus on micro organizational behavior take a psychological approach to the study of interpersonal relationships within organizations and groups, and the effects that groups have on individuals. In macro organizational behavior, scholars use sociological methods to examine the organizations, groups, and markets themselves, including topics such as the influence of individuals on organizational change, or the relationship between social missions and financial objectives.

Your core disciplinary training will take place in either the psychology or sociology departments, depending on the track that you choose. You will also conduct advanced coursework in organizational behavior at HBS, and complete two MBA elective curriculum courses. Students are required to teach for one full academic term in order to gain valuable teaching experience, and to work as an apprentice to a faculty member to develop research skills. Upon completion of coursework, students prepare and present a dossier that includes a qualifying paper, at least two other research papers, and a statement outlining a plan for their dissertation. Before beginning work on the dissertation, students must pass the Organizational Behavior Exam, which presents an opportunity to synthesize academic coursework and prepare for an in-depth research project.

Research & Dissertation

Examples of doctoral thesis research.

• Cross-group relations, stress, and the subsequent effect on performance
• Internal group dynamics of corporate boards of directors
• Organizational mission and its effect on commitment and effort
• Psychological tendencies and collaboration with dissimilar others

Aurora Turek

Justine Murray

Jaylon Sherrell

“ In HBS’s Organizational Behavior program I receive outstanding, rigorous training in disciplinary methods and also benefit from the myriad resources that HBS has to offer. HBS scholars are looking to apply their research to real-world problems, come up with interventions, and make a real difference. ”

Current Harvard Sociology & Psychology Faculty

• George A. Alvarez
• Mahzarin R. Banaji
• Jason Beckfield
• Lawrence D. Bobo
• Mary C. Brinton
• Joshua W. Buckholtz
• Randy L. Buckner
• Alfonso Caramazza
• Susan E. Carey
• Paul Y. Chang
• Mina Cikara
• Christina Ciocca Eller
• Christina Cross
• Fiery Cushman
• Frank Dobbin
• Samuel J. Gershman
• Daniel Gilbert
• Joshua D. Greene
• Jill M. Hooley
• Rakesh Khurana
• Alexandra Killewald
• Talia Konkle
• Max Krasnow
• Michèle Lamont
• Ellen Langer
• Joscha Legewie
• Ya-Wen Lei
• Patrick Mair
• Peter V. Marsden
• Katie A. McLaughlin
• Richard J. McNally
• Jason P. Mitchell
• Ellis Monk
• Matthew K. Nock
• Orlando Patterson
• Elizabeth A. Phelps
• Steven Pinker
• Robert J. Sampson
• Daniel L. Schacter
• Theda Skocpol
• Mario L. Small
• Jesse Snedeker
• Leah H. Somerville
• Elizabeth S. Spelke
• Tomer D. Ullman
• Adaner Usmani
• Jocelyn Viterna
• Mary C. Waters
• John R. Weisz
• Christopher Winship
• Xiang Zhou

Current HBS Faculty

• Teresa M. Amabile
• Julie Battilana
• Max H. Bazerman
• David E. Bell
• Ethan S. Bernstein
• Alison Wood Brooks
• Edward H. Chang
• Julian De Freitas
• Amy C. Edmondson
• Robin J. Ely
• Alexandra C. Feldberg
• Carolyn J. Fu
• Amit Goldenberg
• Boris Groysberg
• Ranjay Gulati
• Linda A. Hill
• Nien-he Hsieh
• Jon M. Jachimowicz
• Summer R. Jackson
• Leslie K. John
• Jillian J. Jordan
• Rakesh Khurana
• Joshua D. Margolis
• Edward McFowland III
• Kathleen L. McGinn
• Tsedal Neeley
• Michael I. Norton
• Leslie A. Perlow
• Jeffrey T. Polzer
• Ryan L. Raffaelli
• Lakshmi Ramarajan
• James W. Riley
• Clayton S. Rose
• Arthur I Segel
• Emily Truelove
• Michael L. Tushman
• Ashley V. Whillans
• Letian Zhang
• Julian J. Zlatev

Current Organizational Behavior Students

• Jennifer Abel
• Yajun Cao
• Grace Cormier
• Megan Gorges
• Bushra Guenoun
• Elizabeth Johnson
• Caleb Kealoha
• Kai Krautter
• Justine Murray
• C. Ryann Noe
• Elizabeth Sheprow
• Jaylon Sherrell
• Yoon Jae Shin
• Erin Shirtz
• Samantha N. Smith
• Tiffany Smith
• Channing Spencer
• Yuval Spiegler
• Emily Tedards
• Aurora Turek

Current HBS Faculty & Students by Interest

Recent placement, hanne collins, 2024, evan defilippis, 2023, hayley blunden, 2022, lumumba seegars, 2021, karen huang, 2020, stefan dimitriadis, 2019, elizabeth hansen, 2019, julie yen, 2024, jeff steiner, 2023, ahmmad brown, 2022, yanhua bird, 2020, jeffrey lees, 2020, alexandra feldberg, 2019, martha jeong, 2019, nicole abi-esber, 2023, elliot stoller, 2023, ariella kristal, 2022, leroy gonsalves, 2020, alicia desantola, 2019, catarina fernandes, 2019.

PhD in I-O Psychology

Broadly stated, psychology is the scientific study of the human mind, of how we think, how we feel, and how we act on our own and in our interactions with others. It is a foundational behavioral science that, not surprisingly, has found applications throughout the realm of human experience, from early childhood development to issues associated with aging, and from the construction of individual identity to the dynamics of family and other interpersonal relationships. And, since we tend to spend a great deal of our adult lives at our jobs, it only goes to follow that the principles and methodologies of psychology would not only find their way into the workplace, but would emerge as invaluable tools for addressing concerns about employment conditions, hiring strategies, organizational structures, productivity optimization, and consumer behavior. This is the specialization known as industrial-organizational psychology, or I-O psychology (sometimes written as I/O psychology). As defined by the American Psychology Association (APA), “The specialty of industrial-organizational psychology is characterized by the scientific study of human behavior in organizations and the work place. The specialty focuses on deriving principles of individual, group and organizational behavior and applying this knowledge to the solution of problems at work.”

Although the analytical tools, theoretical foundations, and clinical practices of I-O psychology aren’t necessarily new, the field itself is a relatively young one. The APA recognized the utility of psychology in the workplace as early as 1945, when it formally established a division devoted to “Industrial and Business Psychology.” Division 14 of the APA, as it is know, was later renamed the division of “Industrial and Organizational Psychology.” But, it wasn’t until 1982 that Division 14 of the APA created its own profession organization, the Society of Industrial-Organizational Psychology. And, the first edition of The APA Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology wasn’t published until July of 2010. Nevertheless, I-O psychology is, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, not just the fastest growing specialty within psychology, but one of the fastest growing occupations in the U.S., with projected job growth of more than 50 percent between 2012 and 2022.

PhD in Industrial/Organizational Psychology Concepts

• Psychological research methods
• Organizational development concepts
• Critical human resource methods
• Job design and analysis
• Organizational culture assessments
• Training and employee development
• Talent management
• Data analysis and program evaluation
• Data-driven inquiry
• Development and maintenance of high performing workforce
• History and functions of I/O psychology professionals
• Analyses of new trends and concepts in the organizational psychology field
• Encouragement of lifelong learning
• Critical thinking skills and assessment
• Social psychology
• Human behavior
• Psychopathology

Benefits of Earning a PhD in I-O Psychology

To practice psychology professionally, or in many cases to even use the title “psychologist,” requires a license in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The requirements for licensure do vary from state to state. But, as the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) notes in its Occupational Outlook Handbook (OOH), “Most clinical and counseling psychologists need a doctorate in psychology , an internship, at least 1 to 2 years of professional experience, and to pass the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology.” In other words, a PhD, or the largely equivalent PsyD (doctor of psychology) degree, isn’t merely optional in most fields of psychology.

There are jobs in the realm of I-O psychology open to candidates with a master’s degree. But, competition for positions in I-O psychology is high, and while meteoric growth is indeed expected in the field, a closer look at the BLS data indicates that this is partially due to it being a relatively small field. For example, the BLS’s 2012 Occupation Outlook Handbook estimated the number of I-O psychologists in the U.S. to be just 1,600. In comparison, there were more than 100 times that number of professional psychologists — 160,200 — employed in 2012. So the BLS offered this qualification: “Employment of industrial-organizational psychologists is projected to grow 53 percent from 2012 to 2022, much faster than the average for all occupations. Organizations use industrial-organizational psychologists to help select and keep employees, increase productivity, and improve office morale. However, because it is a small occupation, the fast employment growth will result in only about 900 new jobs over the 10-year period.”

To translate, demand for I-O psychologists is clearly on the rise, and yet competition for those new positions is likely to be high as well. A PhD in industrial-organizational psychology offers a competitive edge for those seeking jobs in the business world, and the degree is also a requirement for college and university teaching and research positions.

What to Expect an I-O Psychology PhD Program

The typical PhD program in industrial and organizational psychology, or I-O psychology, includes 60 credits of coursework, including a doctoral dissertation requirement. The coursework includes foundational psychology methodology classes, such as research methods and design; general psychology classes covering cognitive and behavioral psychological evaluation and counseling; organizational psychology classes in the principles of leadership, motivation, and group emotional dynamics; and classes that deal specifically with the field of I-O psychology.

The APA provides accreditation for all graduate-level programs in psychology. In addition, the SIOP website has a list of approved graduate training programs in industrial and organizational psychology and related fields. The SIOP guidelines are based on a list of 25 areas of competence that doctoral-level I-O psychology programs should address. These include:

Areas of Competence

• Consulting and Business Skills
• Ethical, Legal, and Professional Contexts of I-O Psychology
• Fields of Psychology
• History and Systems of Psychology
• Research Methods
• Statistical Methods/Data Analysis
• Attitude Theory, Measurement, and Change
• Career Development
• Consumer Behavior
• Criterion Theory and Development
• Health and Stress in Organizations
• Human Performance/Human Factors
• Individual Assessment
• Individual Differences
• Job Evaluation and Compensation
• Job/Task Analysis and Classification
• Judgment and Decision Making
• Leadership and Management
• Organization Development
• Organization Theory
• Performance Appraisal and Feedback
• Personnel Recruitment, Selection, and Placement
• Small Group Theory and Team Processes
• Training: Theory, Program Design, and Evaluation
• Work Motivation

Industrial-Organizational Psychology Coursework

Doctorate programs in I-O psychology follow the scientist/practitioner model, which means students must develop a foundational understanding of general psychology and psychological research methods, as well as knowledge specific to the field of I-O psychology. A key part of the PhD in I-O psychology is exploring the practical application of psychological theories and research in the workplace, in organizational structures, and in relation to consumer behavior. Here is a list of some typical doctoral-level I-O courses:

• Organizational Assessment and Optimization — The application of psychological theory and research methods to the analysis of how different kinds of organizations operate.
• The Psychology of Leadership and Group Dynamics — The cognitive and behavioral aspects of decision making, leadership, and group dynamics in the workplace.
• Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology in the Workplace — The various ways in which psychological triggers impact behavior, productivity, job satisfaction, and other important qualities on the job.
• Compensation and Reward Systems in Organizations — The psychology of motivation in workplace environments.
• Human Resources Assessment and Personnel Selection — Using the principles of psychology to hire and promote people within an organization.
• Quantitative Research Methods and Data Assessment in I-O Psychology — Using the analytical tools of psychology and psychological research to assess and improve the workings of an organization.

Areas of Specialization in Industrial-Organizational Psychology

Industrial-organizational psychology is itself an area of specialization within the larger discipline of psychology, a specialization which tailors clinical and behavior psychological principals and methodologies for use in large organizations and business settings. However, there are different ways to approach earning a PhD in industrial-organizational psychology, and these may depend on what kind of career you have in mind. As the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology explains, “Industrial-organizational psychologists (called I-O psychologists) are versatile behavioral scientists specializing in human behavior in the work place. I-O psychologists are: scientists who derive principles of individual, group, and organizational behavior through research; consultants and staff psychologists who develop scientific knowledge and apply it to the solution of problems at work; and teachers who train in the research and application of I-O psychology.” In addition, SIOP points out that, “I-O psychologists work with organizations in a variety of areas such as selection and placement, training and development, organizational development and change, performance measurement and evaluation, quality of worklife, consumer psychology, and engineering psychology.”

Career Options and Salary Outlook in I-O Psychology

Industrial-organizational psychology is, indeed, an expanding field. In fact, it topped the BLS list of fastest growing occupations in January of 2014, and, as you can see in the chart below, it was easily the highest paying profession in the top five.

I-O psychology specialists have traditionally done institutional research and consulting with large organizations, and they’ve also taught and helped implement policies designed to optimize efficiency and improve working conditions. Often this has meant taking a job at a research institute or university, setting up a private consulting practice, or some combination of the two. But, companies are increasingly looking to hire qualified I-O psychologists in various capacities.

For example, a March 2011 cover story by Peggy Novotney for the APA’s gradPSYCH magazine, provided this assessment: “As a result of the growing respect and influence I-O psychologists have garnered in the global business world, psychologists now head human resource departments at major companies.” The same story includes a quote from Rob Silzer, PhD, a professor of I-O psychology at City University of New York’s Baruch College, and the author of the 2010 book Strategy-Driven Talent Management , about another crucial role I-O psychologists now play in the business world. “Companies now understand that talent resources are as important as financial resources to achieving organizational success, and that I-O psychologists are well prepared to help organizations select and retain effective employees.”

As the APA’s assessment of I-O psychology points out, “I-O psychologists are scientist-practitioners who have expertise in the design, execution, and interpretation of research in psychology and who apply their findings to help address human and organizational problems in the context of organized work.” The APA goes on to list some of the typical roles I-O psychologists fill in the business world:

• Identify training and development needs
• Design and optimize job and work and quality of work life
• Formulate and implement training programs and evaluate their effectiveness
• Coach employees
• Develop criteria to evaluate performance of individuals and organizations
• Assess consumer preferences, customer satisfaction, and market strategies

Along with the 53 percent growth rate projected by the BLS for I-O psychologists, the earning potential in I-O psychology is quite good, even in comparison to other professions within psychology. Overall, job growth in psychology is projected to remain at a level of roughly 12 percent through 2022. Here’s how the salaries stack up, as of the BLS’s latest data from May 2014:

• “Psychology Job Forecast: Partly Sunny,” by Amy Novotney, American Psychological Association, gradPSYCH Magazine, March 2011, visited August 27, 2015, http://www.apa.org/gradpsych/2011/03/cover-sunny.aspx
• “How to Choose a Graduate Training Program,” Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology,” visited August 27, 2015, http://www.siop.org/gtp/GTPchoose.aspx
• “Organizational & Business Consulting Psychology,” American Board of Professional Psychology, visited August 27, 2015, http://www.abpp.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3363
• Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook, Job Outlook, Psychologists, visited August 27, 2015, http://www.bls.gov/ooh/life-physical-and-social-science/psychologists.htm#tab-6
• “The Benefit of a Degree in I-O Psychology or Human Resources,” Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, visited August 27, 2015, http://www.siop.org/tip/july12/07wang.aspx
• “Industrial and Organizational Psychology,” American Psychological Association, visited August 27, 2015, http://www.apa.org/ed/graduate/specialize/industrial.aspx
• “Areas of Competence to be Developed in Doctoral Level I-O Psychology Programs,” Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, visited August 27, 2015, http://www.siop.org/PhDGuidelines98.aspx
• Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook, “Fastest Growing Occupations, January 8, 2014,” visited August 27, 2015, http://www.bls.gov/ooh/fastest-growing.htm
• Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics, May 2014, visited August 27, 2015, http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes193032.htm
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Psychologist Salary Info: The 9 Highest Paying Careers

Which psychology jobs pay the best salary?

Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital.

Psychology can be a high-paying job, but it is important to recognize that there is tremendous diversity among psychology professions, and  salaries and yearly earnings are just as varied. In a struggling economy, many students have turned their interest toward some of the highest-paying careers in psychology. The highest-paying psychologist career salaries average around $167,000.

While many psychology careers have a higher-than-average yearly salary, it is important to remember that actual income depends upon various factors, including geographic location, employment sector, educational background, and years of experience.

Learn more about some of the highest-paying psychology careers, the typical salaries for such professions, and the educational requirements for entering these fields.

Psychiatrist

Average Salary:  $216,090 per year

Educational Requirements:  Considered a medical career, psychiatry is significantly tied to the study and application of psychology. Approximately eight years of post-undergraduate study. After earning a bachelor's degree, aspiring psychiatrists must graduate from medical school and then complete a four-year residency.

Psychiatry is one of the highest-paying fields tied to psychology. However, salaries can vary considerably within this field depending upon your specialty area , where you are employed, and the type of work you perform.

Industrial-Organizational Psychologist

Average Salary: $105,310

Educational Requirements: In most cases, a master's degree in psychology is the minimum training required, although having a doctorate degree may be to your advantage. While there are opportunities available at the master's degree level, earning a doctorate degree in industrial-organizational psychology offers greater opportunities and higher salaries.

Industrial-organizational psychologists use their knowledge of psychology to tackle workplace issues. Increasing worker productivity, selecting the best employees for particular jobs, and developing market research surveys are just a few things that an industrial-organizational psychologist might do.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that I/O psychologists in the scientific research and development industry earned an average annual wage of $122,660. Those employed at colleges, universities, and professional schools earned an average of $110,070.

According to the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology , the average salary for a doctorate-level consultant was $167,000.

Neuropsychologist

Average Salary: $90,460 per year

Educational Requirements: A doctorate degree in neuropsychology or clinical neuropsychology is needed to work in this field.

Neuropsychologists specialize in the study of the brain and cognitive science.   People who work in this field often perform cognitive tests, run brain scans, assess people suffering from brain injury, and study how drugs impact the nervous system. They may work at colleges and universities, hospitals, research centers, mental health clinics, and pharmaceutical labs.

Clinical Psychologist

Average Salary: $81,330 per year

Educational Requirements: In most states, clinical psychologists must have a doctorate degree in psychology. In addition to this education, they must also complete one to two years of supervised residency and pass state licensing exams in order to practice as a licensed clinical psychologist.

Clinical psychologists are trained in assessing, diagnosing, treating, and preventing mental illness. This is also the largest area of employment within psychology. Clinical psychologists work in various settings, including hospitals, mental health clinics, and private practice.

The Occupational Outlook Handbook reports that in May 2019, those employed in individual and family services earned an average of $85,140. Those employed in the offices of other health practitioners earned an average of $100,300 per year.

Engineering Psychologist

Average Salary: $79,818 per year

Educational Requirements: Entry-level positions require a master's degree, but those with a doctorate will find greater employment opportunities and better salaries.

Engineering psychologists work to improve the design of systems, operations, and equipment in order to increase efficiency, improve productivity, and minimize injury. As with other specialty areas of psychology, the area of employment plays a major role in determining salary. Engineering psychologists who work in the private sector earn considerably more than those employed in university settings.

Counseling Psychologist

Average Salary: $72,540 per year

Educational Requirements: A PhD, PsyD , or EdD degree is required to become a counseling psychologist.

Counseling psychologists perform many of the same tasks as clinical psychologists such as offering psychotherapy and mental health treatment, but they typically work with clients suffering from less severe forms of mental illness.

While mental health is one of the largest areas within counseling psychology, some people in this field opt to conduct research. They also teach university courses or provide vocational counseling.

Forensic Psychologist

Average Salary: $59,440

Educational Requirements: While there are some jobs available with a master's degree, you will typically need a doctorate degree in clinical, counseling, or forensic psychology.

Forensic psychologists deal with psychological issues related to the law. Some of the duties that a professional in this field might perform include developing psychological profiles of criminals, dealing with child custody issues, investigating child abuse, providing expert testimony, preparing witnesses to testify in court, and offering training to law enforcement.

School Psychologist

Average Salary: $58,360

Educational Requirements: Most states require completing a 60-credit school psychology specialist program, which leads to a master's or EdS degree. Approximately 32% of school psychologists hold a PhD , PsyD, or EdD degree.

School psychologists work within the educational system to diagnose and treat behavior and learning problems in children. They often collaborate with other professionals, including teachers and doctors as well as parents, to help kids overcome social, emotional, behavioral, and academic problems.

According to the Occupational Outlook Handbook published by the U.S. Department of Labor, jobs in this field are expected to grow by approximately 10% over the next decade.

Sports Psychologist

Average Salary:  $55,000 per year

Educational Requirements:  Most jobs require a master's or doctorate degree in sports psychology or in related areas such as clinical or counseling psychology. Sports psychologists  are interested in the psychological components of sports and athletics.  

Professionals in this field often focus on topics such as  motivation  and athletic performance. They utlizie their knowledge of psychology to help athletes perform better or to help people recover from sports injuries.

While salaries for sports psychologists typically range between $60,000 and $80,000, those working with professional athletes often earn over six figures.

What Psych Career Is Best For You? Take the Quiz

This fast and free psychology careers quiz can help you get a better sense for which kind of psychology career might be the best fit for your personality, career interests, salary needs, and more.

Frequently Asked Questions

While specific salaries vary depending on factors including experience and location, psychiatry tends to be the highest-paying psychology-related career.

They can! However, it is important to recognize that individual salaries vary a great deal. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median salary for psychologists is $81,040. However, the lowest paid 10% made less than $47,850 per year. Your own salary may depend on factors such as your specialty, training, experience, area of employment, and geographic location.

Psychology can be a good career if it is suited to your interests and goals. The field is expected to experience modest growth in the coming year, and there are always opportunities for growth depending on where your interests lie. The growing need for mental health services and an aging population means that there will be a need for trained psychologists.

A Word From Verywell

Choosing a career is a big decision, and the salary is just one of many factors you need to consider. Money is an important component, but factors such as job outlook and quality of life are also essential.

So is becoming a psychologist worth it? Only you can decide. Think about how a particular career may suit your personality and goals in life before committing. In the end, the best job for you is the one you will enjoy the most and fulfills your personal and professional needs.

Zavlin D, Jubbal KT, Noé JG, Gansbacher B. A comparison of medical education in Germany and the United States: from applying to medical school to the beginnings of residency. Ger Med Sci. 2017;15:Doc15. doi:10.3205/000256

Torpey E. Business careers with high pay.  Career Outlook,  U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2016.

Kossek EE, Baltes BB, Matthews RA. How Work-Family Research Can Finally Have an Impact in Organizations. Ind Organ Psychol . 2011;4(3):352-369. doi:10.1111/j.1754-9434.2011.01353.x

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational employment and wages, May 2021: 19-3032 industrial-organizational psychologists .

Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology. The SIOP income and employment report is here !

Harvey PD. Clinical applications of neuropsychological assessment. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2012;14(1):91-9.

Wahass SH. The role of psychologists in health care delivery. J Family Community Med. 2005;12(2):63-70.

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational employment and wages, May 2019: 19-3031 clinical, counseling, and school psychologists .

Iudici A, Salvini A, Faccio E, Castelnuovo G. The clinical assessment in the legal field: An empirical study of bias and limitations in forensic expertise. Front Psychol. 2015;6:1831. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01831

Burrow-sanchez J, Call ME, Adolphson SL, Hawken LS. School psychologists' perceived competence and training needs for student substance abuse*. J Sch Health. 2009;79(6):269-76. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2009.00409.x

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Psychologists: Job outlook . Occupational Outlook Handbook .

Röthlin P, Birrer D, Horvath S, Grosse holtforth M. Psychological skills training and a mindfulness-based intervention to enhance functional athletic performance: design of a randomized controlled trial using ambulatory assessment. BMC Psychol. 2016;4(1):39. doi:10.1186/s40359-016-0147-y

American Psychological Association. Hot careers: Sports psychology .

• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational Outlook Handbook. 

By Kendra Cherry, MSEd Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

Average Industrial-Organizational Psychologist Salary

The average salary for an Industrial-Organizational Psychologist is $94,814 in 2024

Featured Content

What is the pay by experience level for industrial-organizational psychologists .

An entry-level Industrial-Organizational Psychologist with less than 1 year experience can expect to earn an average total compensation (includes tips, bonus, and overtime pay) of $75,000 based on 26 salaries. An early career Industrial-Organizational Psychologist with 1-4 years of experience earns an average total compensation …Read more

How do Industrial-Organizational Psychologists Rate Their Jobs?

Common health benefits for a industrial-organizational psychologist, gender breakdown for industrial-organizational psychologists.

FAQs About Industrial-Organizational Psychologists

What is the highest pay for industrial-organizational psychologists.

Our data indicates that the highest pay for an Industrial-Organizational Psychologist is $152k / year

What is the lowest pay for Industrial-Organizational Psychologists?

Our data indicates that the lowest pay for an Industrial-Organizational Psychologist is $63k / year

How can Industrial-Organizational Psychologists increase their salary?

Increasing your pay as an Industrial-Organizational Psychologist is possible in different ways. Change of employer: Consider a career move to a new employer that is willing to pay higher for your skills. Level of Education: Gaining advanced degrees may allow this role to increase their income potential and qualify for promotions. Managing Experience: If you are an Industrial-Organizational Psychologist that oversees more junior Industrial-Organizational Psychologists, this experience can increase the likelihood to earn more.

Top 10 PhD in industrial organizational psychology Programs

Welcome to our ranking of the Top 10 PhD programs in industrial organizational psychology .

The field of industrial and organizational psychology takes an in-depth look at human behavior in the workplace. I/O psychologists are an asset to any organization in today’s competitive business environment. Doctoral level psychologists have advanced training in areas like human performance and human factors and job analysis. They are able to address issues in areas like training and development, recruitment, and workplace motivation. Industrial/organizational psychology is a great fit for psychologists who want to help teams succeed and organizations achieve their business goals.

Featured Schools

Methodology.

We created this ranking of the top industrial organizational psychology PhD programs to showcase some of the best IO psych PhD programs in the country. We used information from the National Center for Education Statistics College Navigator to identify accredited colleges offering a doctoral degree in Industrial-Organizational Psychology. We narrowed our focus to programs offering a well rounded curriculum based on the scientist-practitioner approach which prepares graduates for a variety of different career settings. All programs require a dissertation and research experience which provide students with the necessary training and skill development to be successful in the field. We then applied our ranking criteria using the average graduate tuition rate (realizing it may differ for PhD programs) and student to faculty ratio.

Ranking: Top 10 IO Psychology PhD programs

Average Graduate Tuition

• Less than $10,000 per year= 5 Points
• $10,000 to $15,000 per year= 4 Points
• $15,001 to $20,000 per year= 3 Points
• $20,001 to $25,000 per year= 2 Points
• Greater than $25,001 per year= 1 Point

Student to Faculty Ratio

• 12:1 or less= 5 Points
• 13:1 to 15:1= 3 Points
• Greater than 15:1= 1 Point

10. DePaul University – Chicago, Illinois

Industrial organizational psychology ma/phd.

More Information

Student to Faculty Ratio: 17:1 Average Graduate Tuition: $17,951/year Points: 4 The College of Science and Health at DePaul University features an industrial organizational psychology MA/PhD program. Students can tailor the program to meet their professional goals by choosing a secondary specialization in:

• communication
• women’s and gender studies

Students are engaged in forward-thinking research that helps prepare them for successful careers. 100% of I/O psychology graduates from DePaul were employed or pursuing other goals within six months of graduation.

9. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign – Champaign, Illinois

Phd in industrial-organizational psychology.

Student to Faculty Ratio: 21:1 Average Graduate Tuition: $14,635/year in-state and $27,674/year out-of-state Points: 5 The Department of Psychology at the University of Illinois offers a top doctorate in organizational psychology that prepares students for research and to apply theory to organizations around the world. Students will participate in research tackling tough challenges like:

• hiring/personnel selection
• race gaps in HR
• effects of job loss

The curriculum covers the breadth of I/O psychology and general psychology through coursework with faculty and the depth of the field with an individualized program of study created by the student and their advisor. Program alumni include prominent I/O psychologists and journal editors.

8. CUNY Bernard M Baruch College – New York, New York

Doctoral program in industrial organizational psychology.

Student to Faculty Ratio: 20:1 Average Graduate Tuition: $11,090/year in-state and $20,520/year out-of-state Points: 5 The City University of New York Baruch College is a regionally accredited institution offering a top doctoral program in industrial organizational psychology. The program supports a collaborative culture of faculty and student support in research excellence. Diversity is a core value, emphasized by student and faculty research in areas like demographic diversity and LGBTQ issues in the workplace. The program attracts some of the top talents in the field and faculty are widely recognized for their contributions to I/O psychology. Graduates are ready for a wide variety of career paths in academic and consulting settings.

7. Clemson University – Clemson, South Carolina

Industrial organizational psychology phd.

Student to Faculty Ratio: 16:1 Average Graduate Tuition: $10,600/year in-state and $22,050/year out-of-state Points: 5 The top organizational psychology doctorate program from Clemson University follows the scientist-practitioner model and follows the doctoral program guidelines set by the SIOP. Students gain experience in quantitative research techniques and design and in solving complex organizational issues. Students complete dissertation research and internships to gain professional experience. The program is designed to be completed in four or five years.

6. Columbia University in the City of New York – New York, New York

Doctor of philosophy in social-organizational psychology.

Student to Faculty Ratio: 6:1 Average Graduate Tuition: $50,496/year Points: 6 The Teachers College at Columbia University offers a top PhD in social-organizational psychology for students interested in research, practice, or scholarship. The program is designed for full-time graduate students. A unique aspect of the program is the theoretical, research, and applied focus that allows students to study organizations from a variety of perspectives. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods are used to tackle complex issues. Most students can complete their degree in six or seven years of post-baccalaureate study.

5. University of Georgia – Athens, Georgia

The industrial organizational psychology doctoral program.

Student to Faculty Ratio: 17:1 Average Graduate Tuition: $8,878/year in-state and $25,186/year out-of-state Points: 6 The top industrial organizational doctorate degree at the University of Georgia is a highly customizable program. Students can choose to focus exclusively in the area of I/O psychology or complete a blended program that includes measurement and individual differences. Students will participate in research and select courses that align with their career goals. Professional experience opportunities are available through internships approved by the faculty. Graduates are ready to pursue exciting I/O psychology careers in settings like academia and government.

4. University of Houston – Houston, Texas

Phd industrial organizational psychology.

Student to Faculty Ratio: 21:1 Average Graduate Tuition: $8,713/year in-state and $17,857/year out-of-state Points: 6 The University of Houston offers the oldest and largest I/O psychology graduate program in the United States. Students produce high-quality research featured in peer-reviewed journals and at conferences. Courses include:

• Multilevel Modeling
• Personnel Psychology
• Statistics for Psychology

The program structure allows students to work with their advisors as well as other program faculty, including business school faculty and faculty at other universities. Students are trained to be academic faculty members and real-world practitioners through the scientists-practitioner model. Most students can complete their degree in four years.

3. Texas A&M University – College Station, Texas

Doctor of philosophy (phd) in industrial and organizational psychology.

Student to Faculty Ratio: 19:1 Average Graduate Tuition: $6,885/year in-state and $19,592/year out-of-state Points: 6 The industrial organizational psychology doctoral program at Texas A&M University prepares students to be scientists and practitioners. The program emphasizes academic research-based training, but graduates are also prepared to work in government agencies, consulting firms, and research organizations. Faculty are renown scholars in areas like performance appraisal, group processes, and workplace diversity. Students can complete the program in about five years of post-baccalaureate study.

2. Louisiana Tech University – Ruston, Louisiana

Industrial organizational psychology (phd).

Student to Faculty Ratio: 20:1 Average Graduate Tuition: $5,416/year in-state and $10,147/year out-of-state Points: 6 The College of Education at Louisiana Tech University features a top industrial organizational psychology PhD program rich with hands-on learning opportunities. Courses cover areas like:

• Job Analysis and Performance Appraisal
• Psychometrics
• Organizational Consulting

Students complete 84 semester hours of coursework, a dissertation, practicum training, and must pass a doctoral comprehensive examination. Students work on research and applied projects through the Applied Research for Organizational Solutions group. Most students take between three and four years of full-time post-baccalaureate study to complete the program.

1. Saint Louis University – Saint Louis, Missouri

Industrial and organizational psychology phd.

Student to Faculty Ratio: 9:1 Average Graduate Tuition: $21,960/year Points: 7 Our top choice for a PhD in industrial organizational psychology is offered by Saint Louis University. Saint Louis University features the oldest psychology department at a Jesuit university, offering courses in psychology for over 100 years. This top I/O psychology PhD program covers areas like:

• Occupational health
• Systems and process consultation

Students are involved in supervised research and professional experience while gain competence in research and organizational consultation. Graduates are employed at top organizations like Nike, the US Secret Service, and Pfizer.

Should I Obtain My Masters or PhD in Organizational Psychology?

As a student begins to plan for their ultimate careers in the field of IO psychology, the decision should be made as to how much education is desired, a master’s degree or a doctorate. Typically speaking, in a master’s program, the student is training to be an IO professional.  An IO professional will consider how to apply the principles of IO psychology to solve specific organizational problems. Simply speaking, IO professionals are trained to help organizations; IO professionals practice IO psychology.

In a PhD organizational psychology program, students are training to become an IO scholar.  An IO scholar will do the same tasks as the IO professional, but will also use those experiences to advance our general understanding of IO through research. For students that would like to teach at a collegiate level, the only suitable degree is a PhD. Ultimately, IO scholars are trained to advance organizational science, helping organizations along the way; IO scholars conduct research.

In practice, this means that an I/O psychology PhD will generally be making the big decisions, while the IOs with Master’s degree will aid with implementation or conduct background research.

A student should decide if he or she wants to pursue a terminal master’s or continue on to a PhD as early as is possible in his or her educational career.  This will help the student tailor his or her coursework through the undergraduate and graduate years specifically to the degree and future job prospects that he or she desires.

Job Descriptions for I/O Psychologists

According to a 2014 report by the U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics, positions in industrial and organizational psychology are expected to increase by 53.4% from 2012 to 2022, placing trained I/O professionals in high demand. I/O psychology is still fairly uncommon in the grand scheme of psychologists, but the number of practitioners continues to rise exponentially.

I/O practitioners typically find employment in a number of areas including:

• public and private industries
• educational institutions
• government agencies

Because the skills they possess are so varied, it is sometimes difficult to enumerate the jobs that an IO psychologist could successfully fill.  One obvious area where IO psychologists thrive is in human resources. Typically, these types of jobs include working directly with employees in such areas as:

• employee training and development
• employee relations
• employee compensation and benefit negotiations

Many times, the human resource skills brought to the table by IO psychologists make for solid general managers, as well.  Another area where IO psychologists thrive is in government.  Those with an advanced degree in social (industrial organizational) psychology are especially adept in labor law, affirmative action cases and policy, and union relations. Finally, many industrial organizational psychologists, especially at the PhD level, find their home in the area of research.  Studying such areas of business such as personnel selection, work motivation, talent development, and organizational change can make monumental improvements in the working lives of millions of people.

Additional job titles held by Industrial Organizational professionals are: HR Practice Leader * Behavioral Analyst * Behavioral Scientist * Talent Management Specialist * HR Organizational Development Specialist * Executive Coach * Career Coach * Leadership Coach * Employment Testing Professional * Testing Specialist * Tests and Measurement Specialist * Assessment and Selection Specialist * Employment Law Expert * Research Analyst * Organizational Development * Organization Effectiveness * Organizational Capability * Talent Management * Management Development * Workforce Insights * Human Resources * Human Resources Research * Employee Relations * Training and Development * Professional Development * Leadership Development * Selection Systems * Evaluation & Assessment * Testing Programs * Leadership Research * Assessment * Applied Behavioral Research * Optimization * Managing * Leadership * Learning & Performance * Career Planning

Related Resources:

• 30 Great Scholarships, Grants & Awards for Industrial-Organizational Psychology
• Top 10 Most Affordable Online Master’s in Industrial-Organizational Psychology
• Top 9 Ph.D. in Industrial-Organizational Psychology Online
• Top 10 Master’s in Industrial-Organizational Psychology Online
• 10 Most Affordable Top-Ranked Master’s in Industrial-Organizational Psychology
• Top 10 Bachelor’s in Industrial-Organizational Psychology 
• Top 25 Campus Based Industrial-Organizational Psychology Master’s Degree Programs
• Top 15 Industrial/Organizational Certificate Programs
• Neoacademic.com
• Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology
• U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics
• College Websites

13 Popular Industrial and Organizational Psychology Careers

What does a career in the field of industrial and organizational psychology look like? We've outlined 13 common I/O psychology careers for you to explore.

Not all psychologists are created equal. If you think pursuing a psychology degree means you’ll be destined to counsel patients lying on a couch in therapy, think again. Psychology is a broad field of study with a vast array of specializations and career opportunities.

One distinct field is industrial and organizational psychology, otherwise referred to as  I/O psychology . I/O psychology applies theory to real-world workplace situations, such as:

• Employee retention
• Employee engagement
• Company culture
• Team building

But what does a career in this field actually look like? Well, we’ve listed 13 I/O psychology careers for you to explore below.

Explore certificate and masters programs in I/O Psychology online or at one of our campuses

• Industrial and Organizational Psychology Generalist Certificate
• M.A. Industrial and Organizational Psychology

Human Resources Manager

If you prefer the human side of I/O psychology, you may consider a career in human resources management. People working in human resources (HR) interact with people throughout an organization on a day-to-day basis.

Their responsibilities can range from recruiting new job candidates to working through internal office issues between personnel. An HR representative can be involved in the interviewing and hiring process, employee training procedures, mediating workplace conflicts, and serving as an overall representative for individuals in the company.

Overall, a career in HR will allow you to use your knowledge of I/O psychology and business psychology in working to improve the overall organizational culture of the company you may work for.

How much does a human resources manager make?

The median annual salary for an HR manager is $126,230 according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics . This data was collected in May 2021 for human resources managers.

Workforce Insights Analyst

While a career in HR typically positions you in a people-facing role, a workforce insights analyst’s role is more data-driven. It involves using your knowledge of quantitative research and evaluation methods, like surveys and reviews, to analyze employee performance, management processes, and workflows.

A workforce insights analyst’s goal is to use data gathered from employees to improve productivity, training, and overall company satisfaction.

In this position, an analyst may provide a leadership team with recommendations on work assignments, compensation, organizational styles, and more.

How much does a workforce insights analyst make?

The national average salary for a workforce insights analyst is $52,122 according to Zip Recruiter . This data was collected at the time of the updating of this article.

Professional Business Development Consultant

A professional development consultant provides leadership training for those seeking to hone useful workplace skills that can help advance their careers in a variety of fields. Additionally, a professional development consultant may lead professional development workshops that can be performed one-on-one or in a team.

This role can exist within a company to help current employees realize their full potential or can be outsourced to an outside “consultant” role for people personally seeking new positions within their company or looking to make a career transition.

How much does a professional business development consultant make?

The national average salary for a professional business development consultant is $55,884 according to Zip Recruiter . This data was collected at the time of the updating of this article.

Organizational Effectiveness Manager

An organizational effectiveness manager typically works with senior leadership and management teams to set organizational goals, refine management processes, and create a clear roadmap for achieving a company’s vision.

These managers can work full-time within a company or work as outside consultants for a variety of clients. An organizational effectiveness manager can use knowledge of effective evaluation and survey methods to gain insight from employees and get a feel for a company’s internal culture and structure; then use the data collected in conjunction with I/O and business psychology principles to work on a top-down strategy in an effort to improve things like employee satisfaction and efficiency.

How much does an organizational effectiveness manager make?

The national average salary for an organizational effectiveness manager is $116,206 according to Zip Recruiter . This data was collected at the time of the updating of this article.

Executive Coach

Executive coaches help individuals and teams improve their workplace performance, usually at the C-Suite level. They may be hired to work directly with an individual, or with the entire company. Despite the name of this position, executive coaches do occasionally work with more than just executives. These professionals consult with clients to improve management and organizational skills as well.

In this position, coaches must continuously assess and assign strategies to help clients improve their professional development and performance. The principles of I/O psychology are particularly present in this position, as executive coaches must analyze the conditions of a specific workplace to effectively coach clients’ performance.

How much does an executive coach make?

The national average salary for an executive coach is $119,271 according to Zip Recruiter . This data was collected at the time of the updating of this article.

Internal & External Management Consultant

Management consultants work to provide businesses with outside perspectives and strategies for improvement. With  higher-than-average  job growth, management consulting is becoming a more common career path for those in the field of I/O psychology.

Management consultants advise managers on how to make organizations more profitable through reduced costs and increased revenues. They use concepts and principles from I/O psychology and business psychology to determine how and why businesses are behaving inefficiently and then propose solutions to enhance business outcomes.

How much does an internal and external consultant make?

The national average salary differs slightly depending on if you choose an internal or external consultant path. For an internal management consultant, the national average salary is $91,544 according to Zip Recruiter . For an external management consultant, the national average salary is $83,983 according to Zip Recruiter . This data was collected at the time of the updating of this article.

Team Development Manager

These professionals apply the principles of I/O psychology to analyze team productivity and create training materials that can drive positive development. They also help design, implement, and conduct performance evaluations and in addition to designing orientation programs for new hires.

Team development managers typically work within a company. There is some creative liberty in this position, as these managers apply I/O psychology to their business to create personalized plans for development.

How much does a team development manager make?

The median annual salary for a team development manager is $120,130 according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics . This data was collected in May 2021 for training and development managers.

Change Management Professional

Change management professionals specialize in streamlining company transitions. They strategize to optimize business resources, improve communication, and act as organizational leaders.

To complete these tasks, change management professionals use I/O psychology to identify transition needs and strategies. They must be prepared to take on short-term leadership roles and create personalized transition plans.

How much does a change management professional make?

The national average salary for a change management professional is $107,913 according to Zip Recruiter . This data was collected at the time of the updating of this article.

Strategy Development Professional

Many businesses hire strategy development professionals to drive long-term growth through implementing innovative strategy specific to their industry. In this role, professionals create and execute strategies to expand and/or stabilize a business.

Strategy development professionals must be attuned to their specific industry trends and business prospects.

How much does a strategy development professional make?

The national average salary for a strategy development professional is $102,804 according to Zip Recruiter . This data was collected at the time of the updating of this article.

Staffing & Recruiting Manager

Successfully recruiting and training new employees is paramount to any business. Staffing and recruiting managers are in charge of all hiring and training processes, thus making them instrumental to company success.

Staffing and recruiting managers can apply I/O and business psychology methods to ensure the right applicants are selected and that employee retention remains high. Paying close attention to performance, these professionals are also generally in charge of any employee firings.

How much does a staffing and recruiting manager make?

The national average salary for a staffing and recruiting manager is $79,999 according to Zip Recruiter . This data was collected at the time of the updating of this article.

Behavioral Analyst

A behavioral analyst evaluates the behavioral and social issues of employees, pays attention to actions that can be observed and quantified, and applies strategies to remove undesirable behavioral patterns from the workplace. The analyst considers factors such as environmental and biological influences and uses them to understand, describe, and predict changing behaviors in the workplace to achieve the company’s vision.

In this position, behavioral analysts typically work in a research capacity, often full-time. Otherwise, they analyze data derived from previous psychological research and use it to present technical reports built to increase workplace efficiency at a variety of businesses.

Behavioral analysts will also analyze trends in customer behavior to understand what drives certain clients’ decisions.

How much does a behavioral analyst make?

The national average salary for a behavioral analyst is $93,846 according to Zip Recruiter . This data was collected at the time of the updating of this article.

Policy Officer

These professionals apply their knowledge of the principles and theories of I/O psychology to give accurate, persuasive, and prompt advice to policymakers in a variety of sectors. Policy officers’ work is based on sufficient analysis, contextual awareness, and consultation with stakeholders. From there, they identify and develop policy that aligns with strategic priorities and procedures.

In this position, an I/O psychologist assesses the effects of policies on the performance and productivity of the organization or community. Policy officers must respond to requests for change in local, organizational, or company policies and keep accurate records of these changes. As a policy officer, you may work in government campaigns, media, and even lobby for businesses or nonprofits.

How much does a policy officer make?

The national average salary for a policy officer is $75,668 according to Zip Recruiter . This data was collected at the time of the updating of this article.

Engineering Psychologist

An engineering psychologist applies I/O theories and principles of human behavior to analyze how people interact with new technology and innovations. In doing so, these professionals provide organizations with recommendations for making designs user-friendly for the staff and clients.

How much does an engineering psychologist make?

The national average salary for an engineering psychologist is $109,731 according to Zip Recruiter . This data was collected at the time of the updating of this article.

Interested in pursuing an I/O psychology degree?

No matter which of these career paths interests you, a degree in I/O psychology can help get you there.

The Chicago School offers certificate and M.A. programs in I/O psychology . Fill out the form below to request more information, or you can apply today through our application portal .

FAQs About I/O Psychology

Q: What can you do with a master’s degree in I/O Psychology?

A: There are many types of career paths in industrial and organizational psychology to choose from. Among them are the 13 careers for counseling psychologists highlighted in this article, HR manager, workforce insights analyst, professional business development consultant, organizational effectiveness manager, executive coach, management consultant, team development manager, change management professional, strategy development professional, recruiting manager, behavioral analyst, policy officer, and engineering psychologist.

Q: What do you do as an industrial and organizational psychologist?

A: Depending on the specific field you decide to go into within I/O psychology, you can use your degree to help businesses bring in new talent, put policies in place, use your psychology expertise to work on new technology, or more!

Q: Where can you work as an I/O psychologist?

A: You can become an industrial and organizational psychologist in most major cities and even some more rural areas in the world. Depending on the career path you choose, remote work might even be an option for you.

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Industrial Organizational Psychology Jobs & Career Guide 2023

Or browse all of our industrial organizational psychology job listings

What’s in this guide?

What is an industrial psychologist, what is an industrial psychologist responsible for, educational requirements, continuing education, what skills are required in industrial/organizational psychology, how much money does an industrial psychologist earn.

By psychologyjobs.com Staff Writer

An Industrial-Organizational (IO) psychologist applies psychological principles and research methods to the workplace to improve productivity, health, and the quality of work life.

They focus on issues such as employee selection, organizational development, performance management, training, and work-life balance.

IO psychologists work in a variety of settings, including businesses, government agencies, and academic institutions, using their expertise to enhance both organizational performance and employee satisfaction and well-being.

Their work often involves conducting assessments, developing interventions, and advising on human resources policies and organizational practices.

Industrial Psychologists apply psychological principles by studying individual behavior and an organization’s climate. An Industrial Psychologist evaluates management styles, company expectations, social situations, and organizational structure within a company. Based on their findings, they work to improve individual job performance and the overall health of its team members. The benefit of a healthy and happier workforce translates to a more stable and efficient organization.

An Industrial Psychologist works with the Human Resources department to observe employees and their work environment to measure elements, such as job satisfaction and performance. Employee training, performance evaluations, and the company’s hiring practices and techniques are also considered.  By evaluating each employee’s motivation and productivity, an Industrial Psychologist can help make the company a better place to work.

On the job, an Industrial Psychologist can expect to:

•         Use psychological research in the workplace
•         Help businesses hire qualified employees
•         Train and motivate the labor force
•         Collaborate with the Human Resources Department
•         Provide a consultative role in the organization
•         Assess employee job performance
•         Improve organizational structure
•         Increase business efficiency
•         Aid with corporate transitions, such as mergers and staff realignment
•         Research consumer behavior
•         Provide ergonomic consultation to maximize performance and improve comfort
•         Enhance the quality of life for employers and employees

How to become an Industrial Organizational Psychologist

How long does it take to become an IO psychologist? It depends on the route you take but typically 7-12 years from starting your  Bachelor’s degree  to practice.

IO psychology programs typically cover topics such as employee selection and assessment, training and development, organizational culture, and work motivation. Graduates of IO psychology programs are equipped with the knowledge and skills needed to design and implement effective workplace interventions, and they are often sought after by employers in a variety of industries.

To become an industrial-organizational psychologist, you typically need to have at least a  Master’s degree in psychology , with a focus on industrial-organizational psychology. However, most practicing IO psychologists hold a  doctoral degree (Ph.D. or Psy.D.) in psychology , with a specialization in IO psychology.

• Learn more about getting a master’s in organizational psychology
• Learn more about getting a PhD in organizational psychology

A Bachelor’s degree in psychology or a related field is typically the starting point for pursuing a career in IO psychology. This typically takes 4 years to complete.

After completing your Bachelor’s degree, you will need progress to a Master’s degree in psychology, with a focus on industrial-organizational psychology. This typically takes 2 years to complete.

Unlike  becoming a clinical psychologist , a Master’s degree is sufficient education to become a practicing IO psychologist but in reality most students choose to go on to study for a doctoral degree to improve their career prospects and earning potential.

States often require a license to practice as an IO psychologist.  See here for licensing by state .

Unlike many other subfields of psychology where you might typically work in one setting within a single state e.g. a hospital or clinic serving local patients, IO psychologists frequently travel to consult with organizations across the country. With this in mind, the licensing is more flexible and you can work in another state for up to 60 days without being specifically licensed to practice in that state.

To earn your license you will need to take the  Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology  (EPPP) followed by any state specific exams (if required) e.g.  CPLEE .

You can then apply to  your state’s licensing board  and apply for membership with the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology which is the industry body for industrial and organizational psychologists. Visit  their membership page  for more information.

Continuing education requirements to maintain your license  vary by state .

Many states require continuing education to be related to the practice of psychology i.e. industrial-organizational psychology. Some states may require a certain number of continuing education units (CEUs) to be in specific areas, such as ethics.

IO psychologists can earn CEUs through a variety of methods, such as attending conferences, workshops, and training sessions, or completing online courses or webinars. You are responsible for tracking your CEUs and should be able to provide proof of completion to the licensing board if required.

Many IO psychologists will extend their continuing education beyond board mandate in order to advance their knowledge on specific organizations and industries that they serve. This type of training may not generate CEUs but will likely advance your career prospects.

Industrial/Organizational Psychologists should have a strong background in psychology. They must possess a firm understanding of psychological theory and understand human behavior. Industrial/Organizational Psychologists must have a solid understanding of social and cultural issues and they need to have strong teamworking skills. They must be critical thinkers and utilize logic and reason to identify employee and employer strengths and weaknesses.

Industrial/Organizational Psychologists should possess emotional intelligence and the ability to respond compassionately to diverse personalities. They must also gather and review data and communicate well to employers and employees. Industrial/Organizational Psychologists should be able to evaluate human behavior and how different personality types work or don’t work well with one another.

The salary range for industrial and organizational psychologists varies widely. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the  median annual salary for Industrial Psychologists is approximately $112,690 . Specialty in the field, experience, company size, and location are a big factor in salary determination. The top 10 percent of experienced Industrial Psychologists make more than $192,000 per year.

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What jobs can you get with a phd in industrial organizational psychology.

What exactly is an industrial organizational psychologist? Industrial organizational (I-O) psychologists use their vast insight into human behavior to solve problems within the workplace and to improve productivity. This specialty field uses psychological principles and research methods to improve quality and productivity in all types of work environments. I-O psychologists work to solve workplace problems such as low morale, poor management, and low productivity, to name just a few. They also work with company leadership on things like organizational development, policy planning, employee screening, and training. Industrial organizational psychologists work to improve the workplace by applying principles and theories that have been sharpened through years of research. 

You might be wondering, “What can I do with a PhD in industrial organizational psychology?” Check out our list below of work possibilities in this exciting and growing field. 

What can I do with a PhD in industrial organizational psychology?

1. behavior analyst.

An industrial organizational psychologist’s main role as a behavior analyst encompasses assessing problematic behavior in employees. I-O psychologists focus on measurable and observable employee conduct, and they develop strategies to change their behavior. By considering environmental factors and other influences in the workplace, the analyst can understand and predict behavior to help achieve company goals. These analysts may work directly for a company or in research to study employee behavior and influences, with the goal to improve employee behaviors that would affect productivity and retention. Through the analysis of previous research, the analysts present action plans to improve efficiency in a wide variety of businesses. In addition to employee behavior, I-O psychologists analyze consumer behavior trends to help companies understand what drives consumer decisions. 

2. Human Resources Executive or Manager

Many with a PhD in industrial organizational psychology find satisfying work in Human Resources (HR). These professionals may work in HR with responsibilities such as training employees, mediating conflicts within the workplace, assessing and evaluating employee performance, interviewing potential employees, and hiring new employees. The I-O psychologist working in HR works to maintain or develop a culture of teamwork, respect, growth, and efficiency that benefits the employee and employer. The HR executive plans and coordinates HR initiatives throughout the organization. They create an environment with policies in place to attract top talent and retain valuable workers to help the organization meet its goals. Other roles of someone with a PhD in industrial organizational psychology working as a HR professional may include things like helping companies adjust to new management during company reorganization or mergers, being a liaison between employees and upper management, firing employees, and developing programs to improve employee satisfaction. Consider this career if you are asking the question “What can I do with a PhD in industrial organizational psychology?”

3. Executive Coach

With a PhD in industrial organizational psychology, you have the answers that companies seek when it comes to the direction of a company and development of employees. Executive coaches typically consult with high-level executives to expand their managerial and organizational skills and help move their company forward. Executive coaches work with individuals and teams to analyze their company’s direction and improve their company’s performance. This important role may include working with mid-level management and lower-level employees to develop and encourage ownership and get ideas for changes in the organization. Regardless of the level of the people they’re working with, the executive coach works to assess workers, encourage professional development for workers, improve job performance, and develop strategies to achieve work-related goals. 

4. Engineering Psychologist

What can you do with a PhD in industrial organizational psychology? Here is another option. Engineering psychologists typically work on understanding the physical work environment and human interaction with new technology and innovations. These professionals apply I-O psychology principles to provide organizations with recommendations for designing people-friendly workplace environments that make the workplace safer and more enjoyable. Engineering psychologists may also analyze consumer interaction with products and places by collecting and interpreting data on user experiences. This analysis can drive change to improve work spaces, interaction with technology, and interaction with consumer products, which in turn can increase profits for a company or industry. 

5. Policy Officer

I-O psychologists in this position are experts that assess the effects of organizational policies on productivity and performance within the organization. These policy officers respond to needs for change in policies within an organization and keep meticulous records of both these changes and their outcomes. Policy officers can work in a very wide range of industries, including media, lobbying, and government or corporate campaigns, among others. Through the application of I-O psychology principles and theories, policy officers are able to give accurate and persuasive advice to a variety of sector policymakers in a timely fashion. They can be counted upon to identify and develop strategic policies for the organization. 

6. Research Psychologist

Someone with a PhD in industrial organizational psychology may gravitate toward research, and work as a research psychologist may turn out to be a satisfying role for those who are trying to answer the question, “What can I do with a PhD in industrial organizational psychology?” Research settings can include colleges and universities, governmental agencies, military organizations, large or small businesses, and non-profit organizations. Researching company-wide practices to improve quality, productivity, and employee satisfaction can be a satisfying job as an I-O psychologist. Using this research to develop effective policies and procedures that increase productivity and worker satisfaction can pave the way to profitability. Researchers may look at individual employee behavior, small groups within the organization, or the entire organization. Research psychologists may also write articles for academic journals and magazines. 

7. College Professor

Academia is yet another professional option for someone with a PhD in industrial organizational psychology. College professors are highly trained professionals. If you are interested in this field, you may want to research industrial organizational psychology graduate programs rankings to help you locate top industrial and organizational psychology graduate programs. College professors may teach, do research in their field, write, or do a combination of all three. Typically, an academic career in industrial organizational psychology follows time working in the “real world” with a job as a professional industrial organizational psychologist. College professors draw on their professional experience to enrich the classroom environment. A work history of 5-10 years as an industrial organizational psychologist will be sure to provide sufficient background to be meaningful in the classroom. Teaching courses in business, psychology, and business research to the next generation can be a satisfying job for someone with a PhD in industrial organizational psychology. 

Someone with a PhD in industrial organizational psychology may find satisfying work as a corporate trainer. These trainers are expected to provide education to help develop a well-trained workforce within a company. Trainers may educate employees about their job role, job expectations, productivity, and other important information. While trainers often work with new employees during their initial orientation with a company, they also help guide employees through changes within the company, help with motivational strategies, and help bolster employees during corporate mergers or systems revisions and updates. This is yet another option for those seeking to answer the question “What can I do with a PhD in industrial organizational psychology?”

9. Public Relations Specialist

With a PhD in industrial organizational psychology, your understanding of complex human behavior can be very helpful in a public relations career. As a public relations specialist, your expertise helps companies understand what their customers want, helps companies meet their target markets, and helps companies and organizations develop and maintain a good public image. As a public relations specialist, you can expect to help identify customers’ needs, develop marketing messages that consumers can relate to, and evaluate public opinion. Mitigating any negative public responses to the organization will also fall to the public relations specialist. 

10. Industrial Organizational Psychology Consultant

With a PhD in industrial organizational psychology and professional experience in the field, becoming a consultant may be an excellent work path. Consultants can expect to meet with organizational leaders to discuss organizational development, employee training, staff evaluations, recruitment, management changes, and compensation issues, to name just a few topics. Consultants may have their own private consulting practice, or they may be employed by a consulting firm. 

Frequently Asked Questions

How long does it take to earn a phd in industrial organizational psychology.

PhD programs in industrial organizational psychology typically require between 60 and 69 credits. Full-time students can expect to complete this PhD program in three to seven years. This is typically not offered in an accelerated format. Programs usually have a specific amount of time that they must be completed in, so if you are completing this PhD degree on a part-time basis, consult your program to map out your academic progress within the timeframe needed. 

What should I consider when looking at a PhD program in i ndustrial organizational psychology?

When looking at PhD programs in i ndustrial organizational psychology, first confirm that the program and institution are accredited. This accreditation ensures a quality program that is respected in the workplace. Accreditation impacts eligibility for federal financial aid and credit transferability. The cost of the program is also a big consideration, with in-state and out-of-state tuition to consider, as well as possible financial aid from the institution. The specifics of the program, such as field experience, courses required, and time to complete the program should all be considered carefully. I-O psychology program rankings can be helpful when searching for the top industrial and organizational psychology graduate programs. 

Is it cheaper to pursue this degree online compared to on-campus?

This all depends upon the program. While some top I-O psychology PhD programs offer a special rate for online degree programs that is typically the equivalent of in-state tuition, many do not. Some top industrial and organizational psychology graduate programs offer a special discounted rate to students in the military, discounts for international students, or a flat rate for online programs. Check with your program of interest to find out the specifics of their costs for online programs. 

Is the field of industrial organizational psychology growing?

If you’re investigating occupations with strong employment outlooks, industrial organizational psychology may be your ticket. With an anticipated growth rate of over 13% over the next 10 years, industrial-organizational psychology is predicted to be one of the fastest-growing fields of psychology between 2020-2030. This is much faster than the average for all occupations, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. 

How much does a Doctor of industrial organizational psychology earn? 

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the annual mean wage for an industrial organizational psychologist in May 2020 was $112,690. The lowest 10% of earners made $57,440, while the top 10% of earners made $192,800.   Check out bls.gov for more information on wages and job outlook for this growing profession. 

What are common characteristics of people who pursue I-O psychology?

I-O psychologists typically deal with various areas of psychology. Social psychology, experimental psychology, business, and statistics are just a few areas that the I-O psychologist deals with regularly. People in this exciting field often enjoy the practical application of psychological research in the workplace. 

Where do industrial organizational psychologists work?

I-O psychologists can expect opportunities in a wide range of settings, including manufacturing plants, health care systems, education systems, labor unions, private agencies, and government agencies. I-O psychologists can also be consultants to companies needing their services. 

What kinds of things can an industrial organizational psychologist be expected to do on the job? 

These professionals are called upon to conduct psychological research and apply it within the workplace, train employees, work with HR on problem solving, increase business efficiency, help in company transitions, provide consultation on ergonomics to maximize performance, and enhance employee and employer quality of life. The I-O psychologist applies research in the workplace in a practical way. 

What are the professional organizations for industrial organizational psychologists?

There are a number of professional organizations serving industrial organizational psychologists, with the leading organization being the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP). This active organization keeps members up-to-date through their publications, and it provides information on internships and job opportunities. In addition to SIOP, I-O psychologists may find the American Psychological Association (APA) useful. Other organizations that may be useful for those in this profession include: the Emotional Intelligence Consortium, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Society of Psychologists in Management, and Society for Human Resource Management. 

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By Carol Dolan BS RN BSN CDCES

Carol graduated with her BS in Nutrition from Montclair State University and her BSN in Nursing from Rowan University. She is a Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialist (CDCES) currently working with adults and children living with diabetes in both outpatient and inpatient settings.

This concludes our article answering the question “What can you do with a PhD in industrial organizational psychology?”

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Salary of an industrial psychologist with a phd.

Industrial-organizational psychologists use their understanding of psychological principles to better organize work spaces. While most types of psychologists need a doctoral-level degree to legally practice, industrial-organizational psychologists can work with only a master's degree. However, salary surveys conducted by the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology demonstrate that industrial-organizational psychologists with a PhD enjoy higher pay.

Starting Salaries

According to the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, I/O psychologists with a master's degree reported an average starting salary of $65,521 per year as of 2012. By comparison, those who began their careers with doctoral degrees reported an average starting salary of $81,815, over $16,000 more than those who held a master's.

Average Salaries

As of 2012, female industrial-organizational psychologists with a doctoral degree earned an average of $117,936 per year, significantly more than the $83,562 averaged by their counterparts who held a master's degree. Male I/O psychologists with a doctorate reported an average salary of $141,549 per year. Again, this was significantly more than male I/O psychologists who held just a master's degree, who earned an average of $101,003 per year.

Pay by Experience

In 2012, I/O psychologists who held a doctoral degree earned an average of $95,743 per year with two to four years of experience, according to the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology. This rose to an average of $120,546 for those who had between five and nine years of experience, and to $ 131,788 for those with between 10 and 14 years of experience. By the time industrial-organizational psychologists with a doctorate have 25 or more years of experience in the field, they earn an average salary of $180,985 per year. By comparison, I/O psychologists with a master's degree and 25 or more years of experience reported an average annual salary of $110,333.

Pay by Employment Sector

Industrial-organizational psychologists with doctoral degrees earned the most when they were self-employed consultants -- a median salary of $196,051 per year, as of 2012. By comparison, those who worked for consulting organizations earned a median of $129,496. High-paying industries for I/O psychologists included pharmaceuticals ($172,000), private sector health care ($160,124) and manufacturing ($154,107). Federal government I/O psychologists reported a median salary of $125,000 per year, compared to $117,226 per year for local government psychologists. Two of the lowest-paying sectors were retail ($106,694) and colleges and universities ($104,000).

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Highest Paying Industrial Organizational IO Psychology Jobs

Not all psychologists work directly with patients and clients to help improve their mental health. Many individuals are interested in exploring the psychology of work and large-scale organizational human behavior. An Industrial/Organizational PsyD degree is the ideal degree for those with a passion for understanding those issues and developing methods for impacting and improving human behavior on a large scale.

Psychology itself is a rapidly expanding field with many diverse job opportunities.

Here are 15 jobs you can do with an Industrial/Organizational PsyD degree.

Forensic Psychology Specialist

Generally working within or alongside the criminal justice system, forensic psychologist specialists analyze the behavior of criminal suspects, witnesses and others to determine things like motive and fitness to stand trial. These individuals also often work within family courts to help judges make determinations about custody arrangements.

They are most frequently employed by state and local governments, but also could work within law enforcement agencies or in private consultancy.

Salary range: $75,000-$100,000

Psychometrician

A role that combines psychology and statistics, a psychometrician develops, administers and interprets the results of testing related to skills, intellect, personality and emotional health. Such assessments often are used to help inform hiring decisions or admissions.

Psychometricians work primarily in higher education, though many work either inside large organizations, such as multinational companies or the military, or within the consultancy space.

Salary range: $90,000-$140,000

Applied Social Scientist

Applied social scientists use data analysis principles to develop deep understanding of human behavior as it relates to organizational goals. They then work to develop and explain recommendations to achieve business objectives.

They work predominantly in private industry, particularly in technology, social networking and market research companies.

Salary range: $100,000-$175,000

Personnel Psychologist

Personnel psychologists work to develop methods and practices surrounding mental fitness and health in the areas of recruitment, hiring, employee development and promotions to support business objectives within an organization. They are often responsible for monitoring staff and potential employees to determine the personality traits and mental health characteristics that are best suited for hiring and advancement.

Individuals who specialize in personnel psychology work frequently in large, multinational corporations or for other large-scale organizations, such as the military.

Salary range: $80,000-$125,000

Assessment Psychologist

Assessment psychologists create standardized testing and evaluation materials their employers use to help facilitate diagnosis and treatment of patients and clients. Depending on the communities served by their employers, assessment psychologists could be expected to develop, maintain and improve tests for families, children, young adults, older adults, individuals with autism and more.

They will find their best employment options in mental and emotional health treatment facilities, though could also find opportunities with health insurers and in the education space.

Salary range: $75,000-$125,000

Human Capital Consultant

Usually working in their own practices or with consultancy agencies, human capital consultants help companies identify and improve organizational practices related to hiring, promotion and employee satisfaction. These individuals work to address potential problems with company culture, training and communication.

In addition to self-employment or consultancy, these individuals could find opportunities within very large organizations, such as metro school systems.

Salary range: $70,000-$120,000

Experimental Psychologist

Experimental psychologists use observational data to explore psychological phenomena. Their specific area of focus will depend on their employer, but they work to research issues related to human and often animal behavior, cognition and perception, memory, learning, and attention.

They are most often employed by universities and other research organizations, as well as for branches of the military.

Salary range: $70,000-$125,000

Insider Threat Analyst

A role that requires some technical and data science experience, insider threat analysts use technology and psychology to predict and prevent insider attacks within organizations. Depending on the employer, they could be tasked with writing code and machine learning algorithms to help systems detect potential threats as well as using deep understanding of human nature to inform the code’s purpose.

They will find broad opportunities in large companies, particularly tech companies, as well as for the U.S. government and military.

Human Performance Manager

Human performance managers work within organizations, generally inside human resources departments, to coach and counsel employees to reach their full potential within the organization based on their knowledge of human behavior. Depending on the employer, human performance managers could work hands-on with individual employees or advise department managers on aspects related to improving performance as well as promotions, raises and discipline.

In many companies, this function is done by HR directors or department heads, so a company with a dedicated human performance manager will likely be a large organization.

Salary range: $50,000-$100,000

SEE ALSO:  How to Choose an Online PhD in Business Psychology

Leadership Experience Director

Leadership experience directors are normally outside consultants hired by corporations to assist executives and managers within the organization to improve and deepen their leadership abilities. This generally involves studying current behaviors, both by management and by employees, to identify areas of improvement and then working directly with executives and managers to develop action plans for improving corporate culture and helping all employees thrive.

These individuals generally own or work in consultancies, though some very large organizations may employ such professionals.

Salary range: $60,000-$130,000

Environmental Psychologist

If you work in an open-plan office, it’s probably because your employer didn’t consult an environmental psychologist. These individuals use their understanding of human behavior to make recommendations about the workplace and office design decisions.

Environmental psychologists often work as independent consultants, though they also could be employed by architecture and construction firms.

SEE ALSO:  Salary Outlook for PhD in Industrial/Organizational Psychology

Learning Design Manager

Learning design managers work both internally within organizations and externally on consumer-facing products. These professionals work to create learning materials, training sessions and growth experiences to achieve business goals.

They could be employed by large enterprises who want to improve employees’ skill sets, or in education-focused organizations.

User Experience Researcher

Frequently employed by technology firms, user experience researchers employ data science methods to analyze large-scale data to develop deep understanding of user behavior. They use both data and psychology to understand the user experience and recommend improvements.

User experience researchers are in high demand among technology companies, but they’re also crucial in any company that provides a web portal for customer purchases.

Salary range: $65,000-$125,000

Human Factors Engineer

In another technology-focused role, human factors engineers develop machines and devices, often for medical device makers, ensuring compliance with FDA regulations (where applicable) and industrial standards. They create product evaluations for usability tests that help guide design and manufacturing of devices.

These individuals will find their largest concentration of opportunities at medical device manufacturers, though they also will find work in aerospace and transportation.

Salary range: $85,000-$100,000

Innovation Strategist

In a largely consulting role, innovation strategists observe and research all aspects of an organization’s functions, including personnel, production, sales, marketing and advertising, customer service and information technology, and develop improvement plans. Those with PsyD degrees are especially qualified for these roles thanks to their deep understanding of human nature, which they can use to inform their recommendations.

Innovation strategists will often work in their own consultancies but could also be hired by organizations to work internally or externally, depending on the business functions.

There’s no doubt that empathetic individuals who help others solve their emotional problems are in great need and should be highly valued. But it’s often overlooked that companies, governments and other organizations are made up of people, and so organizations need help, too.

Industrial/Organizational Psychology doctorate degree holders who are business- or technology-minded will find their greatest opportunity in working with those organizations. The median salary for psychologists is $75,000+, according to Bureau of Labor Statistics data, and for those with Industrial/Organizational Doctor of Psychology degrees, our research shows typical salaries are even higher.

SEE ALSO:  Online PhD Industrial Organizational Psychology Degrees

• Occupational Outlook Handbook: Psychologists. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/ooh/life-physical-and-social-science/psychologists.htm
• Note: Information on salary ranges, job openings, and typical employers for each role was gathered from Indeed and Glassdoor in mid-February 2019.
• Highest Paying Psychology Careers in 2019. (2019). Retrieved from  https://psydprograms.org/top-highest-paying-psychology-careers/
• How Much do Industrial-Organizational Psychologists Make?. (2019). Retrieved from  https://psydprograms.org/how-much-do-industrial-organizational-psychologists-make/

• Industrial and Organizational Psychology

The specialty of industrial-organizational psychology (also called I/O psychology) is characterized by the scientific study of human behavior in organizations and the work place. The specialty focuses on deriving principles of individual, group and organizational behavior and applying this knowledge to the solution of problems at work.

Specialized knowledge

Specialized knowledge and training in the science of behavior in the workplace requires in-depth knowledge of organizational development, attitudes, career development, decision theory, human performance and human factors, consumer behavior, small group theory and process, criterion theory and development, job and task analysis and individual assessment. In addition, the specialty of industrial-organizational psychology requires knowledge of ethical considerations as well as statutory, administrative, and case law and executive orders as related to activities in the workplace.

Problems addressed

The specialty of Industrial Organizational Psychology addresses issues of recruitment, selection and placement, training and development, performance measurement, workplace motivation and reward systems, quality of work life, structure of work and human factors, organizational development and consumer behavior.

Population served

The distinct focus of I/O psychology is on human behavior in work settings. Therefore, the populations affected by the practice of I/O psychology include individuals in and applicants to business, industry, labor, public (including non-profit), academic, community and health organizations.

Skills and procedures utilized

I/O Psychologists are scientist-practitioners who have expertise in the design, execution and interpretation of research in psychology and who apply their findings to help address human and organizational problems in the context of organized work. I/O psychologists:

Identify training and development needs; 

Design and optimize job and work and quality of work life; 

Formulate and implement training programs and evaluate their effectiveness; 

Coach employees; 

Develop criteria to evaluate performance of individuals and organizations; and 

Assess consumer preferences, customer satisfaction and market strategies.

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Psychology Degree Guide: Courses, Careers And Online Options

Published: Jun 7, 2024, 4:43pm

Key Takeaways

• Psychology degrees offer students an array of valuable skills they can use to work as psychologists or in other related professions.
• Psychology degrees combine the quantitative rigors of the natural sciences with the qualitative analyses of the humanities and social sciences.
• Psychology students can specialize in subfields such as neuroscience, clinical psychology and behavior analysis.

Why do we feel, think, and act the way we do? Psychologists offer science-based insight into the enigmas that surround the human condition.

More than any other field, psychology can be viewed as the study of human behavior and what motivates us to live our lives the way we do. Psychology combines the empirical rigors of the hard sciences with the sociocultural qualitative analysis of the social sciences and humanities.

If you have ever made a “Freudian slip” while speaking, talked about someone doing something “unconsciously” or tried to interpret your dreams, you’ve been influenced by the vocabulary and theories of psychology.

Although the origins of psychology as a scientific field of study can be found in 19th-century Germany, philosophers and scientists have been hypothesizing for millennia about the way our behavior is engendered by the dynamic relationship that exists between our brains and our emotions. The formalization of such inquiries has led to an ever-growing field that now includes studying children, adults, animals and even machines.

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What Is a Bachelor’s in Psychology?

A bachelor’s degree in psychology provides students with a holistic understanding and appreciation for the myriad ways in which psychology is used in the medical, therapeutic and professional worlds. Broadly defined as the science of human and animal behavior, psychology is currently being redefined by cutting-edge undergraduate programs to include the behavior of machines and artificial intelligence.

Psychology students are immersed in the theoretical and experiential foundations of psychological science by taking courses that focus on the behavioral, cognitive, developmental and social aspects of psychological studies. In other words, psychology aims to figure out why we feel, think and do the things we feel, think and do.

A bachelor’s degree in psychology is typically seen as the most effective gateway to earning the graduate degrees that allow you to become a psychiatrist or psychologist. However, because psychology majors are seen as individuals with multiple skill sets, more than 70% of recent graduates with a bachelor’s degree in psychology work outside of the field.

According to the American Psychological Association (APA), psychology degree holders work in areas as diverse as web development, architecture, journalism and education. After all, a psychology major’s keen insight into the human mind can prove beneficial to many businesses and organizations looking to build their customer and client base.

Degree Finder

Types of psychology degrees.

Below, explore the various types of degrees you can earn in psychology.

Associate of Arts (A.A.), Associate of Science (A.S.) or Associate of Applied Science (A.A.S.)

An associate degree in psychology usually takes two years to earn at a community college. Because job options in psychology are limited for those who only have an associate degree, most associate in psychology graduates use this degree as an affordable stepping stone to earning a bachelor’s degree.

An A.A. approaches psychology with a liberal arts focus. A.S. and A.A.S. programs in psychology are similar to A.A. programs, but with a more practice-focused approach.

Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) or Bachelor of Science (B.S.)

A B.A. in psychology usually requires a more well-rounded liberal arts education with a mix of courses in the humanities, the social sciences and general education. A B.A. is a good option for students who want to enter career fields where understanding human behavior is a strong asset. This degree usually takes four years to earn.

A B.S. in psychology usually requires more math and natural science courses that emphasize quantitative analysis. A B.S. is a good option for students who want to work in laboratories and do research that requires empirical methodologies. This degree usually takes four years to earn.

Typical courses for both the B.A. and B.S. tracks at most universities can include cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, statistics, psychopathology and mental health, social psychology and research methods.

Master of Science (M.S.) or Master of Arts (M.A.)

Typically lasting two to three years, the M.S. in psychology tends to take a practice-based approach to advanced education in psychology. Learners who plan to enter the workforce directly after earning their master’s might benefit from a Master of Science in psychology.

The psychology M.A., on the other hand, caters to students who plan to transfer into doctoral programs after completing their master’s. An M.A. in psychology delivers advanced education in the field through a liberal arts-focused lens.

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) or Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.)

A Ph.D. in psychology delivers research-based psychology education at the doctoral level. Students seeking careers in academia or research may benefit most from earning a Ph.D. in psychology. This degree typically takes four to seven years to complete, though completion times vary drastically depending on each student’s program, area of emphasis and enrollment status.

A Doctor of Psychology is another doctoral-level psychology degree, but it’s more practiced-focused than a Ph.D. in psychology. Students who want to practice clinical psychology may benefit most from earning a Psy.D. Though they often include practice requirements, Psy.D. programs often run shorter than Ph.D. programs, taking four to five years to complete.

Psychology Specializations

Aspiring psychology majors may consider the following specializations. This list represents only a few possible areas of emphasis for psychology students.

Counseling Psychology

Counseling psychology focuses on our everyday interactions with others and ourselves. A great specialization for students who want to be social workers and mental health counselors, a counseling psychology specialty combines theoretical approaches and research methods to provide students with the opportunity to conduct clinically relevant research.

Neuroscience

A neuroscience specialty, also known as a behavioral and cognitive neuroscience specialty, expands upon environmental life sciences to closely examine the entire nervous system with a focus on cognitive, behavioral and brain functions.

Behavior Analysis

Behavior analysts study how environmentally influenced behavior is established and how it can be modified. With a focus on creating practical solutions to various behavioral problems, these programs often help students become Board Certified Behavior Analysts®.

What Can You Do With a Psychology Degree?

We sourced salary data for this section from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics in June 2024.

Psychologist

Median Annual Salary: $92,740 Minimum Required Education: Master’s degree in psychology or a related field Job Overview: Psychologists study and help modify how individuals, families and organizations interact with one another from cognitive, emotional and behavioral perspectives. Psychologists can work in clinical, educational and industrial-organizational settings to offer insight and support on individual or group levels.

Social Worker

Median Annual Salary: $58,380 Minimum Required Education: Bachelor’s degree, but usually a master’s degree in psychology or a related field Job Overview: Social workers provide individuals, groups and families with the support they need to navigate the problems they encounter in their everyday lives. This support can take the form of helping a family receive food stamps, getting a battered spouse into a domestic abuse shelter or providing a student who is suffering from depression with mental health counseling.

Substance Abuse, Behavioral Disorder or Mental Health Counselor

Median Annual Salary: $53,710 Minimum Required Education: Bachelor’s degree in psychology or a related field Job Overview: Substance abuse, behavioral disorder and mental health counselors provide education and training on how to prevent and treat problematic behaviors related to alcoholism, substance abuse and addiction. They also provide support to individuals who are dealing with depression and other mental health issues.

Human Resources Specialist

Median Annual Salary: $67,650 Minimum Required Education: Bachelor’s degree in human resources or a related field Job Overview: Human resources specialists help organizations manage employees from the recruitment and hiring phase to training and development and retention and retirement. Human resources specialists ensure that employers and employees are in compliance with labor laws and company policies and also help arbitrate and settle disputes and grievances.

Registered Nurse

Median Annual Salary: $86,070 Minimum Required Education: Associate in nursing , some employers may require a Bachelor of Science in Nursing Job Overview: Registered nurses provide critical care to patients in hospitals and other healthcare settings. Nurses also provide education and training on health issues to help prevent negative health outcomes in the community. Holders of a bachelor’s degree in psychology can either take an accelerated undergraduate nursing program or enroll in a master’s program that accepts the clinical hours of a psychology program, internship or job.

School and Career Counselor and Advisor

Median Annual Salary: $61,710 Minimum Required Education: Master’s in counseling psychology or a master’s in school counseling Job Overview: Working primarily in K-12 schools and colleges and universities, school and career counselors provide students with the academic and personal support they need to do well in their classes. School counselors can connect students with academic tutors and provide them with guidance on the courses they need to graduate.

Career counselors can help high school and college students who need to work outside of school balance their school and work schedules while maintaining an eye on long-term career goals. Counselors can also provide students with support when facing social or behavioral challenges.

Should You Earn a Degree in Psychology Online?

Degrees earned from online programs are just as reputable as degrees earned from in-person programs as long as they are from accredited universities and psychology departments. The most important factor in deciding on whether to earn your degree online is what type of learning format best suits your learning style and day-to-day scheduling needs.

You should also consider whether an online program offers networking, internship and group project opportunities that might only be available in in-person settings.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Psychology Degrees

Are psychology degrees worth it.

Yes. You cannot become a licensed psychologist, a clinical social worker or a certified mental health therapist without a formal degree. While you may not need a bachelor’s degree in psychology to earn an advanced degree in psychology, it helps. At a minimum, though, you need a bachelor’s degree to pursue a graduate degree in psychology or a related field.

What degree is best for psychology?

The best degree depends on your career goals because psychology is such a broad field. While a bachelor’s degree in psychology will cover many areas, a bachelor’s degree in sociology or social work may be more suitable for laying the foundation for an advanced degree more closely aligned to your desired career.

However, if you want to be a licensed psychologist, a bachelor’s degree in psychology will prepare you for the coursework you will need to complete in graduate school.

Are psychology degrees difficult?

Psychology degrees are just as challenging to earn as other bachelor’s degrees that combine the social and natural sciences with the humanities. However, a psychology degree requires more math- and science-intensive courses than majors such as social work and sociology. Those who prefer qualitative analysis over quantitative analysis should reconsider majoring in psychology.

What grades do I need to study psychology?

Generally speaking, the higher your GPA, the stronger your chances are of being accepted into the university and program of your choice. Research the requirements of the programs in which you are interested. More competitive programs may require certain minimum grades in psychology, biology and mathematics classes.

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With more than two decades of experience in higher education, cultural criticism and politics, Horacio Sierra's writing and public speaking aims to demystify higher education and promote the democratic values of the arts and humanities.

What Can I Do With My PhD in Psychology? 10 Job Options For You

Unlock your potential with a PhD in Psychology. Discover diverse career paths, from clinical practice to research, and make a meaningful impact on lives.

Derek Pankaew

Jun 13, 2024

PhD in Psychology

Applied Psychology

Psychology Careers

Mental Health Careers

Academic Psychology

What Can I Do with My PhD in Psychology: 10 Job Options for You

Introduction to phd in psychology career options.

A PhD in psychology can open doors to a wide range of career opportunities and higher pay. With this advanced degree, students can pursue various career paths, including clinical practice, research, education, and applied psychology. Deciding which path is suited to your needs, interests, and educational background requires careful consideration and research.

A PhD in psychology is often a requirement for many high-level positions in the field. It allows individuals to specialize in areas such as clinical psychology, counseling psychology, forensic psychology, industrial-organizational psychology, and more. This guide explores ten job options available to those with a PhD in psychology, providing insights into the roles, requirements, and work environments.

Exploring Career Paths in Psychology

Before diving into specific job options, it's essential to consider your career goals and preferences. Think about how long you’re willing to continue your education , where you envision yourself working, and which areas of psychology interest you the most, such as mental health, research, or education. Common areas of employment include education, business, healthcare, and government.

Jobs in Mental Health

Clinical psychologists.

Clinical psychologists assess, diagnose, and treat individuals experiencing mental or emotional health issues. They often work in hospitals, counseling centers, schools, health clinics, or private practice. Clinical psychologists may treat people experiencing a range of mental health conditions, from anxiety and depression to severe mental illnesses. A PhD in psychology is often required for these roles, though some positions may accept a master's degree with supervised clinical hours.

Example: A clinical psychologist might work in a hospital setting, providing therapy to patients with severe mental illnesses, or in private practice, helping clients cope with anxiety and depression.

Mental Health Counselors

Mental health counselors have many of the same job duties as clinical psychologists but tend to focus more on helping individuals overcome issues affecting their daily lives. Educational requirements can vary, but mental health counselors must have a minimum of a master’s degree in psychology, counseling, or education. They may work in hospitals, counseling centers, schools, health clinics, or private practice.

Example: A mental health counselor might work in a school, helping students manage stress and anxiety, or in a community health center, providing support for individuals dealing with substance abuse issues.

Jobs in Educational Settings

School psychologists.

School psychologists assess, diagnose, and treat children experiencing behavioral, emotional, or academic problems. They may also recommend treatments or work with parents, teachers, and others to help children overcome problems and achieve goals. All states have differing requirements, but most require a minimum of a master’s degree in school psychology. School psychologists may work in schools, hospitals, counseling centers, or private practice.

Example: A school psychologist might work in an elementary school, providing assessments and interventions for students with learning disabilities, or in a high school, helping students cope with emotional and behavioral issues.

Educational Psychologists

Educational psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with schools, teaching psychology, educational issues, and student concerns. Educational psychologists often study how students learn or work directly with students, parents, teachers, and administrators to improve student outcomes. To become an educational psychologist, you will need at least a master’s degree, although many states require a doctorate to practice as a licensed psychologist. Educational psychologists may work in schools, universities, or research institutions .

Example: An educational psychologist might conduct research on effective teaching methods or work with a university to develop programs that support student learning and retention.

Jobs in Applied Psychology

Forensic psychologists.

Forensic psychology involves applying psychology to the field of criminal investigation and law. Forensic psychologists typically have a master’s in forensic psychology at the minimum, but many hold a PhD in clinical or counseling psychology. They may work in various settings, including family courts, drug courts, criminal courts, or private consulting. Forensic psychologists work with law enforcement agencies, courts, or private companies, applying psychological principles to legal issues.

Example: A forensic psychologist might work with a criminal court to assess the mental state of defendants or provide expert testimony in cases involving psychological issues.

Easily pronounces technical words in any field

Industrial-Organizational Psychologists

Industrial-organizational psychologists study workplace behavior and ergonomics, often working to increase productivity or efficiency. I-O psychologists perform a variety of functions, including hiring qualified employees, conducting tests, designing products, creating training courses, and performing research on different aspects of the workplace. I-O psychologists generally need a minimum of a master’s degree, though opportunities and pay are better with a PhD in psychology. They may work in industries such as manufacturing, healthcare, or finance.

Example: An industrial-organizational psychologist might work with a large corporation to develop employee training programs or conduct research on workplace motivation and satisfaction.

Human Factors Psychologists

Human factor is an area of psychology that focuses on a range of different topics, including ergonomics, workplace safety, human error, product design, human capability, and human-computer interaction. Human factors psychologists explore the ways that people interact with products and environments. They help design interfaces that are easy to understand to maximize productivity and safety. Human factors psychologists may work in industries such as manufacturing, healthcare, or technology.

Example: A human factors psychologist might work with a tech company to design user-friendly software interfaces or with a manufacturing firm to improve workplace safety protocols.

Jobs in Research and Academia

Research psychologists.

Research psychologists conduct studies and gather data to better understand human behavior and mental processes. They often work in universities, research institutions, or government agencies. Research psychologists may specialize in areas such as cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, or social psychology. They conduct research, publish findings, and contribute to the scientific understanding of psychological principles.

Example: A research psychologist might conduct studies on memory and cognition, working in a university lab to explore how people learn and retain information.

Academic Psychologists

Academic psychologists teach and conduct research at universities and colleges. They often specialize in areas such as counseling psychology, clinical psychology, or educational psychology. Academic psychologists may work in academia, research institutions, or government agencies. They teach undergraduate and graduate students , conduct research, and publish scholarly articles.

Example: An academic psychologist might teach courses in developmental psychology and conduct research on child development, publishing findings in academic journals and presenting at conferences.

Alternative Career Options

Consulting psychologists.

Consulting psychologists conduct individual assessments, provide group consultations, and help organizations through their knowledge of psychology. They may create psychological assessments for hiring employees, advise executives on organizational change, or consult on organizational issues. Consulting psychologists work in various settings, including private practice, hospitals, and clinics.

Example: A consulting psychologist might work with a company to develop assessment tools for employee selection or provide executive coaching to improve leadership skills.

Neuropsychologists

Neuropsychologists examine how the brain influences behavior. They study memory, perception, and behavior, along with the effects of injury on the brain. Some neuropsychologists assist patients in figuring out long-term care. Neuropsychologists work in research and development or at hospitals or universities.

Example: A neuropsychologist might work in a hospital, assessing patients with traumatic brain injury and developing rehabilitation plans, or conduct research on neurological disorders at a university.

Health Psychologists

Health psychologists work to understand how biological, psychological, and social factors affect health and wellness. They may study how people react to illness and create plans with other healthcare professionals to improve recovery times. Health psychologists work in hospitals, clinics, and private practice. They assess, diagnose, and treat patients with mental health issues related to health.

Example: A health psychologist might work in a hospital setting, helping patients manage chronic pain through psychological interventions or conduct research on the impact of stress on physical health.

A PhD in psychology offers numerous career paths, allowing individuals to specialize in areas that align with their interests and skills. Whether you are interested in clinical practice, research, education, or applied psychology, there are many opportunities to use your advanced degree to make a meaningful impact.

By understanding the various roles and requirements, you can make informed decisions about your career path and take steps to achieve your professional goals. The journey to finding the right career may be challenging, but with perseverance and a proactive approach, you can build a fulfilling career that aligns with your passions and expertise.

Additional Tips for Psychology Graduates

• Stay Updated with Industry Trends: Keeping up with the latest trends and developments in psychology can give you a competitive edge in the job market.
• Build an Online Presence: Creating a professional profile on platforms like LinkedIn can help you connect with potential employers and showcase your expertise.
• Consider Short-Term Projects: Freelance projects or consulting work can provide valuable experience and help you transition smoothly into a new career path.
• Seek Funding Opportunities: Applying for grants and funding can support your research projects and enhance your academic CV, making you a more attractive candidate for academic positions.
• Develop Soft Skills: Communication, teamwork, and leadership skills are crucial in any career.

In conclusion, with a PhD in psychology, the career possibilities are vast and varied. By exploring different paths, building your skills, and staying proactive in your career development, you can find a rewarding and impactful role in the field of psychology.

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