parent involvement homework

Parent Involvement in Homework: Super Strategies for Encouraging Autonomy in Your Child

Table of Contents

Parent Involvement in Homework: When it comes to your child’s education, striking the right balance in homework support is a delicate task. Parental involvement is crucial, but knowing how much help is helpful – and when it becomes hindering – can be challenging. The key is to assist without taking over, empowering your child to develop their own learning skills and confidence. By understanding the role you can play in encouraging autonomy and providing strategic assistance, you can set the stage for your child’s long-term academic success.

It’s important to communicate effectively with educators to ensure that you’re reinforcing the right learning strategies at home. This alignment supports your child’s educational journey, making homework an opportunity for growth rather than a point of contention. According to educational consultant Michelle Connolly, a founder of LearningMole with 16 years of classroom experience, “Involvement in homework should be more about guidance and less about answers, nurturing a space where children can explore their capabilities.”

Key Takeaways

• Support your child’s homework by guiding, not giving answers, fostering independent learning.
• Communicate with educators to align home support with classroom strategies.
• Understand when to step in with assistance, balancing help with promoting self-reliance.

The Role of Parents in Homework Support

Parent involvement in homework is key to fostering both academic achievement and the motivation needed for students to thrive. Your role as a parent is not to do the work for your child but to support and guide their learning journey.

Understanding Parental Involvement

When it comes to parental involvement in homework, it’s about striking the right balance. As Michelle Connolly, an educational consultant with over 16 years of classroom experience, notes, “It’s about being present, not pervasive.” This means providing your child with the resources and environment they need without taking control of the work. Research suggests that effective involvement is linked to better student outcomes .

• Setting the stage : Ensure a quiet, distraction-free area for homework.
• Availability : Be available to answer questions, but encourage independence.
• Resources : Provide the necessary materials and resources, like access to LearningMole, for assistance and enrichment in various subjects.

Improving Student Motivation

Motivation often begins with a positive attitude toward homework. As a parent, you can support your child’s motivation by:

• Encouragement : Praise effort rather than only results.
• Interest : Show genuine interest in learning topics and relate them to real-world scenarios.
• Goal setting : Help your child to set realistic and achievable goals for their homework.

Remember, your encouragement significantly impacts your child’s motivation to tackle homework challenges and to keep learning effectively.

Setting the Stage for Productive Learning at Home

Ensuring your child is productive when learning at home revolves around establishing a structured environment and managing time effectively.

Creating a Conducive Learning Environment

To support your child’s learning journey effectively, the space they use is key. Begin by identifying a quiet area in your home that is free from distractions — this will be your child’s learning zone. This space should be well-lit, with all necessary supplies close at hand. It’s important to personalise this area, making it inviting and conducive to studying. Michelle Connolly, an expert in educational methodologies, suggests, “The learning environment at home should be a mirror of the focus and organisation we expect from our children.”

Keep the following in mind:

• Comfort: Ensure that the chair and desk suit your child’s height.
• Lighting: Proper lighting reduces eye strain — daylight is best, complemented by soft artificial light.
• Supplies: Keep books, pens, paper, and other materials within easy reach.
• Distraction-Free: Remove gadgets and entertainment that could interrupt focus.

Scheduling and Time Management

Creating a routine is crucial for effective time management. Break down tasks into manageable chunks and set specific, achievable goals. Encourage the use of a planner or digital calendar to track assignments, deadlines, and study sessions. Discuss and agree upon a homework schedule together, and make sure there’s a good balance between work and breaks. Remember that consistent time slots help in establishing a strong routine.

• Routine Establishment: Aim for the same start and finish times each day.
• Prioritisation: Start with the most challenging tasks when concentration levels are highest.
• Breaks: Encourage regular short breaks to maintain concentration.
• Family Involvement: Actively participate by discussing your child’s progress and schedule.

By incorporating these strategies into your home, you pave the way for a learning environment that is both productive and enjoyable .

Effective Communication With Educators

Effective communication between you and your child’s educators is crucial for enhancing parental involvement in homework. It can establish a productive partnership, ensuring that you are well-equipped to support your child’s educational journey without encroaching on their learning independence.

Bridging the Parent-Teacher Gap

To bridge the gap between home and school, it’s important to initiate regular and constructive communication with teachers. Consider attending parent-teacher meetings and feel empowered to ask for a quick chat or send an email when you need clarity on specific aspects of your child’s homework. “Regular communication with teachers can build a strong foundation for your child’s success,” says Michelle Connolly, a veteran educator with a wealth of experience. It nurtures an environment where feedback from teachers can be seamlessly integrated into your child’s at-home learning routine.

Understanding Homework Expectations

Grasping the teacher’s expectations for homework is another key step. Understand the objectives of the assignments and the criteria for success. This could involve knowing how the homework should be completed, what resources are necessary, and when it is due. If the expectations are clear, you can better assist your child in meeting them. Michelle Connolly suggests , “Be sure to ask teachers about the purpose of homework assignments; this will allow you to guide your child effectively without doing the work for them.”

Encouraging Autonomy in Children’s Homework

Empowering your child to tackle homework independently fosters valuable life skills such as self-efficacy and responsibility. This approach not only helps build confidence but also instils a sense of ownership over their learning journey.

Promoting Self-Efficacy and Responsibility

Self-efficacy is your child’s belief in their own abilities to complete tasks and achieve goals. To cultivate this, encourage them to set realistic targets and tackle their homework in manageable chunks. For example, Michelle Connolly, founder of LearningMole with 16 years of classroom experience, suggests “breaking down tasks into smaller, achievable objectives that children can accomplish reinforces their belief in their own abilities and promotes a can-do attitude.” This not only boosts their confidence but also helps them understand the value of taking responsibility for their learning.

• Create a homework plan: Help your child develop a timetable, listing what needs to be done and by when.
• Celebrate accomplishments : Acknowledge their successes to reinforce their sense of achievement.

Autonomy Support vs. Controlling Behaviour

To support your child’s autonomy, provide guidance that encourages independence rather than directives that lead to dependence. Autonomy-supportive behaviours involve offering choices within set boundaries and enabling children to approach their homework in ways that work best for them. On the other hand, controlling behaviours may include directing every aspect of the work or taking over tasks, which can undermine their autonomy and willingness to take on challenges.

• Offer guidance, not answers: Pose questions that lead them to think critically rather than giving them the solutions.
• Encourage exploration: Allow your child to investigate different methods to find answers, which fosters problem-solving skills.

Remember, the goal is to create a supportive environment where children feel competent to handle their homework tasks with assurance while knowing that assistance is available if needed.

Strategic Help: When and How to Assist

Effective parental involvement in homework strikes a delicate balance: it’s about guiding your child while nurturing their independence . Knowing when to step in and what strategies to employ can make homework a positive experience for both of you.

Balancing Guidance with Independence

Your role in homework should be supportive without overshadowing your child’s efforts. Offer help when you sense that they’re genuinely struggling, but resist the urge to take control. Michelle Connolly , an expert with over 16 years in the classroom, says, “It’s essential to facilitate rather than dictate, allowing children to develop their problem-solving skills.”

• Identify the Task : Is it difficult because it’s new, or is it a concept they’ve encountered before?
• Judge the Timing : Intervene after they’ve attempted the task on their own.
• Encourage Review : Have them explain the task to you to confirm their understanding.

Homework Help Techniques

Once you’ve assessed when to assist, the next step is to consider how to provide that support. It’s about empowering them with techniques they can use independently next time.

• Discuss the homework – Frame it as a discussion to understand their thought process.
• Offer Examples – Show how to approach a problem rather than solving it for them.
• Break Down the Tasks – Help them divide larger tasks into manageable chunks.
• Resource Direction – Point them towards resources, like LearningMole, for additional guidance.

By employing these strategies, you can help your child embrace homework as an opportunity to learn and grow, rather than a chore to endure.

Analysing the Impact of Parental Homework Involvement

In addressing the influence of parental involvement on homework, it’s important to consider the specific effects on both academic outcomes and the psychological well-being of students .

Educational Outcomes and Academic Performance

Research indicates that parental homework involvement can have a significant impact on academic performance . By engaging with their child’s education, parents can help improve grades and overall achievement . A study on parental involvement in homework suggests that structured academic support from parents can boost a student’s performance. Michelle Connolly, founder of LearningMole and an expert with 16 years of classroom experience, points out, “While parents should avoid taking control, their engagement is a delicate balance that, when struck, can lead to tremendous academic benefits for their children.”

Understanding Psychological Effects

The psychological aspect of parental homework involvement is a critical facet, influencing not just academics but also the well-being of students. It’s not merely about the quantity but the quality of parental guidance that shapes a child’s attitude towards homework and learning. A meta-analysis of parental involvement concludes that positive psychological outcomes are linked to supportive and autonomous forms of help. Connolly emphasises, “Knowledge of learning psychology enables parents to support their children in ways that cultivate a healthy attitude towards learning and homework.”

Adapting Strategies for Different Educational Stages

As your child progresses through their educational journey, it’s important to adapt your approach to homework support. What works for a young child in primary school might not be as effective for a teenager in secondary school. Let’s explore how you can tailor your involvement to each stage of their learning.

Early Childhood and Elementary School

During early childhood and elementary school , your focus should be on fostering a love for learning and building basic study habits. At this stage, you can:

• Create a structured environment at home with a dedicated space for homework.
• Implement a routine that includes set times for homework and breaks.
• Engage in interactive activities that complement schoolwork and make learning fun.
• Use resources like LearningMole to find engaging activities that correspond to your child’s curriculum in subjects like maths and science.

Michelle Connolly, founder of LearningMole, emphasises the importance of interactive learning: “It’s about making learning tangible through activities that captivate and challenge, laying the foundations for future educational success.”

Transitioning Through Middle and High School

As your child enters middle school and high school , the workload and complexity of homework will increase. It’s pivotal to adjust your support by:

• Encouraging independence with tasks, allowing them to take the lead while you provide guidance only when needed.
• Discussing time management techniques to handle more demanding assignments.
• Helping them learn how to prioritise tasks and manage their study schedule effectively.
• Exploring LearningMole’s resources for STEM subjects , which become more intricate at this stage.

“Adolescents are striving for autonomy, making it crucial for parents to strike a balance between guidance and independence,” says Michelle Connolly, an educational consultant with extensive classroom experience.

By understanding the specific needs at each stage of your child’s education, you can support them effectively without taking over, ensuring that they develop the skills necessary for academic success and lifelong learning.

The Link Between Socioeconomic Status and Homework Support

When you seek to support your child with their homework, it’s crucial to recognise the impact your socioeconomic status may have on this process. From the availability of resources to the setting of achievement goals, socioeconomic factors play a pivotal role in how you can offer assistance.

Understanding the Challenges and Resources

For many families, socioeconomic status is a major determinant in the type and level of homework support they can provide. If you find yourself with limited time due to work commitments or face financial constraints, providing extensive homework help can be challenging. However, it’s not solely about having the financial means; it’s also about being aware of the different resources that are accessible to you. Local libraries, online platforms like LearningMole, and school programmes may bridge some gaps, offering supportive content that amplifies your child’s learning. As Michelle Connolly, an educational consultant, aptly puts it, “Resourcefulness can often outshine resources when it comes to education.”

Tailoring Support to Diverse Needs

Recognising and adapting to your child’s unique learning needs is paramount. Your level of involvement should align with their achievement goals and learning style, rather than overshadowing them. For instance, a child from a modest background might benefit from structured homework routines and the utilisation of free educational resources. On the other hand, if you have more availability or financial flexibility, you might consider additional tutoring or enrichment programmes, always keeping in mind the importance of fostering independence. Tailoring support this way ensures that regardless of socioeconomic differences, your approach to homework assistance is both effective and empowering.

Navigating Homework Challenges and Setbacks

When guiding your child through homework, understanding how to navigate challenges and manage setbacks is crucial. Effective support can make a significant difference in their educational journey.

Dealing with Procrastination and Pressure

Procrastination often stems from a range of factors, including a lack of motivation, uncertainty about the task, or fear of failure. Tackling this issue can involve setting a consistent homework routine and breaking down tasks into more manageable parts. Encourage your child to start with subjects they enjoy to build momentum.

Pressure, on the other hand, can arise from high expectations or a packed schedule. It’s important to create a balanced homework environment, ensuring that your child has time for relaxation and extracurricular activities. For every hour of study, a short break can help alleviate stress.

As Michelle Connolly, founder of LearningMole and an expert with 16 years of classroom experience, notes, “Balancing support with independence is essential in developing a child’s confidence and coping strategies.”

Responding to Low Grades and Academic Struggle

When your child encounters low grades or academic struggles, respond with encouragement rather than criticism. It’s essential to understand the root of the issue—whether it’s a specific subject difficulty or a broader learning challenge.

Strategies for improvement could include:

• Discussing the subject with your child to pinpoint where they feel stuck.
• Communicating with teachers to gain insights into your child’s learning patterns.
• Utilising resources like LearningMole for supplementary material tailored to your child’s needs, including support for SEN.

Remember, “Every setback is a setup for a comeback. It’s an opportunity to build the resilience that leads to success,” as Michelle Connolly reflects.

By utilising these strategies, you can help your child face homework challenges more effectively and turn setbacks into learning opportunities.

Evaluating Homework: Quality Over Quantity

When considering how to best support your child with their homework, it’s important to focus on the quality of the work rather than just the quantity. This ensures that time spent on homework is effective and contributes to a deeper understanding of the subject matter.

Assessing Homework Assignments

Evaluating your child’s homework assignments involves looking beyond the number of pages or problems to solve. Determine the objective of each assignment and how it relates to what your child is learning in class. Quality homework should be purposeful, promoting critical thinking and allowing students to apply concepts in meaningful ways. As Michelle Connolly, a founder and educational consultant notes, “A well-designed assignment enables children to explore the subject more deeply and reinforces classroom learning.”

The Role of Quality in Homework Design

The design of homework assignments plays a crucial role in a student’s academic development. Assignments should not only align with the curriculum but also be structured in a way that encourages students to think independently. This might include tasks that require problem-solving or applying theories to new situations, enhancing homework performance . It’s about finding a balance; as assignments that are too easy don’t challenge the student, while those that are too difficult may discourage them.

In supporting your child, encourage them to engage with assignments in a way that emphasises understanding over completion. This approach to homework aligns with the ethos of platforms like LearningMole, which prioritises enriching children’s education through interactive and thought-provoking content.

Homework Resources and Tools

Finding the right tools and resources can make homework time productive and engaging for your child. Below is a curated selection of aids and applications designed to support and enrich their learning.

Utilising Online Resources and Applications

Educational Websites: Websites such as LearningMole offer a varied range of instructional materials covering different subjects and educational levels. Michelle Connolly, founder and educational consultant, states, “Our platform presents an engaging way for children to bolster their understanding of complex subjects through interactive tutorials and activities.”

• Interactive Applications: For STEM homework, apps providing interactive simulations and experiments allow your child to explore concepts in a hands-on manner. Look for apps that offer project-based learning for subjects like coding and robotics.
• Homework Help Apps : Various applications can assist with organisational skills, such as tracking assignments and managing time effectively.

Incorporating Educational Materials and Aids

Project Kits: For hands-on projects, consider STEM kits that come with all necessary materials and instructions. These kits encourage practical application of science and technology principles.

• Education Videos: Videos that demonstrate experiments or offer visual explanations can be particularly helpful for visual learners and for subjects that are difficult to grasp through text alone.
• Printable Worksheets and Activities: Materials such as worksheets are invaluable for practice and reinforcement. Resources tailored by experts, including those with SEN, ensure inclusivity and provide a way for every child to participate successfully.

With thoughtful selection of homework resources and tools, you can create an impactful learning experience that supports your child’s educational journey without overshadowing their own efforts.

Frequently Asked Questions

When it comes to homework, the right balance of parental involvement can pave the way for a child’s academic success and independence.

What are effective strategies for parents to assist with homework without completing it for their children?

Firstly, you can create a conducive learning environment by establishing a routine and a quiet space for study. Michelle Connolly suggests, “Encourage your children to try problem-solving on their own, stepping in to guide rather than to give solutions.”

Why do some parents find it challenging to facilitate homework, and how can they overcome these difficulties?

The challenge often lies in knowing how much help is too much. Overcoming this begins with communication; talk with your child’s teachers about the expected level of involvement and utilise recommended resources tailored to your child’s needs.

What are the advantages for children when their parents are involved in the homework process?

Parental involvement in homework has been linked to improved student outcomes. When you show interest in their work, children understand the value of their education and can feel more motivated. “A parent’s support can enhance their child’s confidence in tackling assignments,” notes Michelle, with her extensive experience in the classroom.

In what ways can schools encourage increased parental involvement in educational activities?

Schools can host workshops that equip parents with the tools to support their children’s learning. Regular communication about curriculum goals and homework policies can also ensure that parents feel informed and empowered to help effectively.

How can parents balance the need to be involved in homework with the importance of fostering independence in their children?

Striking a balance involves being accessible while encouraging self-reliance. Discuss with your child how they’d like you to assist and focus on providing moral support, affirming their efforts, and celebrating their achievements.

What approaches can schools take to engage parents in supporting homework policies effectively?

Schools should aim for clear and consistent communication about homework expectations and the purpose behind assignments. Providing parents with strategies for effective support and creating opportunities for collaborative learning can foster positive engagement. Michelle Connolly recommends, “Schools should facilitate dialogue with parents, making them active partners in the educational process.”

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Does Parent Involvement Really Help Students? Here’s What the Research Says

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Parental involvement has been a top priority for school leaders for decades, and research shows that it can make a major difference in student outcomes.

But a parents’ rights movement that has captured headlines over the past few years and become a major political force has painted a particular picture of what parents’ involvement in their children’s education looks like.

Policies that have passed in a number of individual school districts, states, and the U.S. House have spelled out parents’ rights to inspect curriculum materials and withdraw their children from lessons they deem objectionable; restricted teaching about race, gender identity, and sexuality; and resulted in the removal of books from school libraries, including many with LGBTQ+ characters and protagonists of color.

The parents’ rights movement has been divisive and attracted the ire of some teachers who feel censored. But it has also opened up the conversation around parent involvement in school, said Vito Borrello, executive director of the National Association for Family, School, and Community Engagement.

And that’s a good thing, he said.

“The parents’ rights bills in and of themselves, I wouldn’t suggest are entirely focused on best practice family engagement,” said Borrello, whose group works to advance effective family, school, and community engagement policies and practices. “However, what the parents’ rights bills have done is elevated the important role that parents have in their child’s education.”

For decades, research from around the world has shown that parents’ involvement in and engagement with their child’s education—including through parent-teacher conferences, parent-teacher organizations, school events, and at-home discussions about school—can lead to higher student achievement and better social-emotional outcomes.

Here are five takeaways from the research.

1. Studies show more parental involvement leads to improved academic outcomes

When parents are involved in their children’s schooling, students show higher academic achievement, school engagement, and motivation, according to a 2019 American Psychological Association review of 448 independent studies on parent involvement.

A 2005 study from researchers at the Johns Hopkins University Center on School, Family and Community Partnerships , for example, showed that school practices encouraging families to support their child’s math learning at home led to higher percentages of students scoring at or above proficiency on standardized math tests.

And research shows that parent involvement with reading activities has a positive impact on reading achievement, language comprehension, and expressive language skills, as well as students’ interest in reading, attitudes toward reading, and level of attention in the classroom, according to a research summary by the National Literacy Trust.

“When parents become involved at school by, for example, attending events such as open houses or volunteering in the classroom, they build social networks that can provide useful information, connections to school personnel (e.g., teachers), or strategies for enhancing children’s achievement,” the APA research review said. “In turn, parents with heightened social capital are better equipped to support their children in succeeding in school as they are able to call on resources (e.g., asking a teacher to spend extra time helping their children) and utilize information they have gathered (e.g., knowing when and how their children should complete their homework).”

2. Parent involvement changes social-emotional outcomes, too

The APA study showed that not only does parental involvement lead to improved academic outcomes, but it also has a positive impact on students’ social and emotional skills and decreases instances of delinquency.

That finding also applies internationally.

A 2014 International Education Studies report on parental involvement among 9th and 10th graders in Jordan showed that parental involvement had a positive impact on students’ emotional engagement in school. That means students with more involved parents are more likely to have fun, enjoy school, have high self-esteem, and perceive school as a satisfying experience.

And when parents visit their children’s school, that contributes to a sense of safety among the students, ultimately improving school engagement, the study said. Although conducted in Jordan, the study provides insight into how parental involvement affects students’ social-emotional development in other countries, including the United States.

Parent involvement also gives teachers the tools to better support their students, Borrello said.

“When teachers understand what their students are going through personally and at home and any challenges they may have, then that improves their teaching,” he said. “They’re able to support their student in ways they wouldn’t be able to otherwise.”

3. Not all parental involvement is created equal

Different levels and types of parent involvement led to varying outcomes for students, according to the American Psychological Association study.

For example, school-based involvement, such as participation in parent-teacher conferences, open houses, and other school events, had a positive impact on academics in preschool, middle school, and high school, but the size of the impact was much lower in high school than in preschool. That may be because parents have fewer opportunities to be involved in the high school environment than in younger students’ classrooms where parents might volunteer.

At-home discussions and encouragement surrounding school also have a positive impact on students’ academic achievement at all developmental stages, with that type of parent involvement being most effective for high schoolers, according to the study. Reading with children and taking them to the library have a positive impact as well.

But one common form of parental involvement, helping kids with their homework, was shown to have little impact on students’ academic achievement.

In fact, homework help had a small negative impact on student achievement, but positive impacts on student motivation and engagement in school, according to the APA study.

The research shows the value of encouraging parents to be involved in their student’s learning at home, and not just attending school events, Borrello said.

“In the past, schools either had an event that wasn’t connected to learning or only measured the engagement of a family based on how often they came to the school,” he said. “What families are doing to create an environment of learning and supporting learning at home, is probably even more important than how many times they’re coming to school.”

4. Results of parent involvement don’t discriminate based on race or socioeconomics

Research has shown a consensus that family and parent involvement in schools leads to better outcomes regardless of a family’s ethnic background or socioeconomic status.

Parent involvement has led to higher academic outcomes both for children from low and higher socioeconomic status families.

When comparing the impact of parent involvement on students of different races and ethnicities, the APA found that school-based involvement had a positive impact on academics among Black, Asian, white, and Hispanic children, with a stronger impact on Black and white families than families from other demographics. The finding also extended internationally, with similar effects on children outside of the United States.

5. Schools can encourage parent involvement in person and at home

Parent involvement doesn’t have to end with parent-teacher conferences. There are many ways for schools to encourage parents to be more involved both in school and at home, Borrello said.

The best way to start, he said, is by creating a school culture that is welcoming to families.

“That starts with the principal, and that starts with school leadership that is welcoming to families, from how they’re engaging parents in the classroom to what policies they have in schools to welcome families,” Borrello said.

Parent gathering spaces or rooms in school buildings, scheduled parent engagement meetings and office hours, and at-school events held outside of the school day are all good places to start, Borrello said. From there, schools can work to include parents in more decision-making, give parents resources to support learning at home, and equip teachers with the tools to engage and connect with parents.

“If the school is not welcoming and families don’t feel welcome at the school, then you’re not going to get them to come to school no matter what you do,” Borrello said. “Then it’s really thinking about who you’re creating those relationships with families so that they can be heard.”

Coverage of strategies for advancing the opportunities for students most in need, including those from low-income families and communities, is supported by a grant from the Walton Family Foundation, at www.waltonk12.org . Education Week retains sole editorial control over the content of this coverage. A version of this article appeared in the August 16, 2023 edition of Education Week as Does Parent Involvement Really Help Students? 5 Key Takeaways Based on The Research

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The Value of Parents Helping with Homework

Dr. selena kiser.

• September 2, 2020

The importance of parents helping with homework is invaluable. Helping with homework is an important responsibility as a parent and directly supports the learning process. Parents’ experience and expertise is priceless. One of the best predictors of success in school is learning at home and being involved in children’s education. Parental involvement with homework helps develop self-confidence and motivation in the classroom. Parents helping students with homework has a multitude of benefits including spending individual time with children, enlightening strengths and weaknesses, making learning more meaningful, and having higher aspirations.

How Parental Involvement with Homework Impacts Students

Parental involvement with homework impacts students in a positive way. One of the most important reasons for parental involvement is that it helps alleviate stress and anxiety if the students are facing challenges with specific skills or topics. Parents have experience and expertise with a variety of subject matter and life experiences to help increase relevance. Parents help their children understand content and make it more meaningful, while also helping them understand things more clearly.

Also, their involvement increases skill and subject retention. Parents get into more depth about content and allow students to take skills to a greater level. Many children will always remember the times spent together working on homework or classroom projects. Parental involvement with homework and engagement in their child’s education are related to higher academic performance, better social skills and behavior, and increased self-confidence.

Parents helping with homework allows more time to expand upon subjects or skills since learning can be accelerated in the classroom. This is especially true in today’s classrooms. The curricula in many classrooms is enhanced and requires teaching a lot of content in a small amount of time. Homework is when parents and children can spend extra time on skills and subject matter. Parents provide relatable reasons for learning skills, and children retain information in greater depth.

Parental involvement increases creativity and induces critical-thinking skills in children. This creates a positive learning environment at home and transfers into the classroom setting. Parents have perspective on their children, and this allows them to support their weaknesses while expanding upon their strengths. The time together enlightens parents as to exactly what their child’s strengths and weaknesses are.

Virtual learning is now utilized nationwide, and parents are directly involved with their child’s schoolwork and homework. Their involvement is more vital now than ever. Fostering a positive homework environment is critical in virtual learning and assists children with technological and academic material.

Strategies for Including Parents in Homework

An essential strategy for including parents in homework is sharing a responsibility to help children meet educational goals. Parents’ commitment to prioritizing their child’s educational goals, and participating in homework supports a larger objective. Teachers and parents are specific about the goals and work directly with the child with classwork and homework. Teachers and parents collaboratively working together on children’s goals have larger and more long-lasting success. This also allows parents to be strategic with homework assistance.

A few other great examples of how to involve parents in homework are conducting experiments, assignments, or project-based learning activities that parents play an active role in. Interviewing parents is a fantastic way to be directly involved in homework and allows the project to be enjoyable. Parents are honored to be interviewed, and these activities create a bond between parents and children. Students will remember these assignments for the rest of their lives.

Project-based learning activities examples are family tree projects, leaf collections, research papers, and a myriad of other hands-on learning assignments. Children love working with their parents on these assignments as they are enjoyable and fun. This type of learning and engagement also fosters other interests. Conducting research is another way parents directly impact their child’s homework. This can be a subject the child is interested in or something they are unfamiliar with. Children and parents look forward to these types of homework activities.

Parents helping students with homework has a multitude of benefits. Parental involvement and engagement have lifelong benefits and creates a pathway for success. Parents provide autonomy and support, while modeling successful homework study habits.

• #homework , #ParentalInvolvement

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The Importance of Parental Involvement in Education

In recent years, parent involvement has been widely accepted as the key to improving children’s academic performance and expected in good parenting. Teachers often engage parents through the school curriculum. It is common to see “parents’ help needed” in school projects.

However, not all research comes to the same conclusion.

Let’s find out if parental involvement is the magic bullet in improving students’ performance and closing the achievement gap.

Table of Contents

What is Parental Involvement

Parent involvement refers to the collaboration between the parents and the school to improve children’s education experience and academic performance. Countless studies have found that the involvement of parents in education is vital to a child’s success in school.

Parents can become involved in school work in many ways.

Parent involvement in schools can include discussions after school, helping with homework assignments, engaging in extracurricular activities, keeping abreast of academic progress, imparting parental values, participating in parent meetings, attending school activities, and volunteering in the classroom.

Difference Between Parental Involvement And Engagement

In the past, parent involvement was the focus of building successful partnerships between parents and teachers. Family involvement is an extended form of parent involvement.

The switch from emphasis on parent involvement to family engagement started when the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 was reauthorized as the No Child Left Behind Act in 2002.

The new terminology emphasizes the importance of engagement from the entire family, such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and even the community, to form school, family, and community partnerships.

In addition to including other family members, reframing parent involvement to family engagement redefines how family members are more active in kids’ education. They are not just passively being present anymore.

The National Association for the Education of Young Children NAEYC defines parent involvement and family engagement.

• create and sustain student learning activities at home to enhance the child’s strength
• family and school collaborate through effective communication
• ongoing parental participation to build genuine relationships and shared responsibility
• engage families and community by building upon interests and skills

How does parental involvement influence a child’s behavior

A meta-analysis of 66 studies shows that the most accurate predictors of student success are not family income or social status but the extent to which parents and teachers work together to facilitate the child’s education.

Extensive research shows that family-school partnerships in education matter because they correlate with better academic success in children​7​. In elementary school, students with involved parents attend school regularly​8​, have better social skills​9​ , and have improved classroom behavior .

Research has also shown that students earn higher grades when parental support enhances their self-efficacy and self-esteem and when they feel that their parents pay attention and care about their education .

When Is Parent Involvement Not Good For Kids

According to growing research, parents’ involvement in their children’s academic life positively affects their performance.

However, not all research results are consistent. Some studies find mixed or contradictory conclusions regarding parental involvement.

Most studies measured the quantity or frequency of parental involvement without considering the student’s prior achievement, family background, or the quality of parental involvement.

Quantity vs. Quality In Parent Involvement

Not every type of parent involvement is associated with good outcomes. The effects of parental involvement in education are not always positive.

When parents; involvement is controlling, the student outcomes tend to be negative.

As one of the closest points of convergence between school and home, homework is where parents can be most involved.

By distinguishing the quantity and quality of parental homework involvement, some studies show different conclusions.

For example, when parents are negative or controlling, their frequent involvement decreases the child’s achievement. However, homework help that is perceived as supportive positively affects academic performance.

Controlling Parent Involvement

Controlling parents feel they need tight control over their children to ensure their success. They pressure their children to achieve and solve problems for them without being asked to. They often take the parental perspective and ignore the child’s wishes.

One example of controlling parental involvement is homework supervision.

Researchers define controlling involvement as excessive pressure on the child to complete assignments , check if the child has completed their homework , get involved in homework without being asked , and punish the child if homework is not complete .

Controlling parent behavior decreases a child’s intrinsic motivation. Such engagement undermines children’s learning motivation and the child’s sense of personal value and responsibility.

Parental pressure also correlates with worse test scores.

The more controlling the parent and behavior, the worse the child performs in school.

Examples of controlling parent involvement include:

• Parents work with their children to complete homework unrequested
• Check on homework and force completion
• Direct instructions that undermine intrinsic motivation
• Give privileges because of good grades
• Limit privileges because of poor grades
• Demand student work or chores at home
• Limit time watching TV or video games
• Limit time out with friends on school nights

Autonomous Supportive Parent Involvement

Parents’ involvement is helpful when their action shows that they value their child’s education and are not trying to be controlling .

A child who receives autonomous support from an involved parent tends to perform better academically. These parents allow their children to initiate learning instead of pushing them to do so.

Autonomous supportive parents focus on the learning , not the grades. They assist and only engage as determined by their kids. They are sensitive to their children’s needs and are available to help with homework when requested.

Children with autonomous support are in control of their own activities. They are intrinsically motivated to learn and perform better academically.

Other examples of autonomous support parent involvement ideas include:

• attend parent-teacher conferences
• attend school events in which the student participates
• volunteer at the school
• encourage parent participation in activities the student is interested in

Final Thoughts on Parent Involvement in Education

When schools encourage parents to get involved, it is essential to guide parents support their kids positively. Autonomous supportive parents are not only good for the child’s academic success, but they also positively impact the child’s physical and mental well-being.

When schools engage parents in the learning process, children tend to have more health-promoting behaviors, such as physical activity. Connectedness to family is also associated with fewer reported suicidal ideation in children. Working together, schools and parents can become invaluable support networks for children and adolescents.

• 1. Gonzalez-DeHass AR, Willems PP, Holbein MFD. Examining the Relationship Between Parental Involvement and Student Motivation. Educ Psychol Rev . Published online June 2005:99-123. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-005-3949-7
• 2. Baker TL, Wise J, Kelley G, Skiba RJ. Identifying Barriers: Creating Solutions to Improve Family Engagement. School Community Journal . 2016;26(2):161-184.
• 3. Halgunseth L, Peterson DRS, Moodie S. Family engagement, diverse families, and early childhood programs: An integrated review of the literature. Washington, DC: The National Association for the Education of Young Children. Published 2009. https://doi.org/https://www.researchconnections.org/files/meetings/ccprc/2009/Halgunseth.pdf
• 4. Evans MP. Educating preservice teachers for family, school, and community engagement. Teaching Education . Published online June 2013:123-133. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10476210.2013.786897
• 5. Henderson AT, Berla N. A New Generation of Evidence: The Family Is Critical to Student Achievement . ERIC; 1994.
• 6. El Nokali NE, Bachman HJ, Votruba-Drzal E. Parent Involvement and Children’s Academic and Social Development in Elementary School. Child Development . Published online May 13, 2010:988-1005. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01447.x
• 7. Al-Alwan AF. Modeling the Relations among Parental Involvement, School Engagement and Academic Performance of High School Students. IES . Published online March 25, 2014. doi:https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v7n4p47
• 8. Cooper H, Lindsay JJ, Nye B. Homework in the Home: How Student, Family, and Parenting-Style Differences Relate to the Homework Process. Contemporary Educational Psychology . Published online October 2000:464-487. doi:https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1036
• 9. McLoyd VC. Socioeconomic disadvantage and child development. American Psychologist . Published online February 1998:185-204. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.53.2.185
• 10. Moroni S, Dumont H, Trautwein U, Niggli A, Baeriswyl F. The Need to Distinguish Between Quantity and Quality in Research on Parental Involvement: The Example of Parental Help With Homework. The Journal of Educational Research . Published online July 15, 2015:417-431. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2014.901283
• 11. Pomerantz EM, Wang Q, Ng FFY. Mothers’ Affect in the Homework Context: The Importance of Staying Positive. Developmental Psychology . Published online 2005:414-427. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.41.2.414
• 12. Karbach J, Gottschling J, Spengler M, Hegewald K, Spinath FM. Parental involvement and general cognitive ability as predictors of domain-specific academic achievement in early adolescence. Learning and Instruction . Published online February 2013:43-51. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2012.09.004
• 13. Rogers MA, Theule J, Ryan BA, Adams GR, Keating L. Parental Involvement and Children’s School Achievement. Canadian Journal of School Psychology . Published online March 2009:34-57. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0829573508328445
• 14. Pomerantz EM, Eaton MM. Maternal intrusive support in the academic context: Transactional socialization processes. Developmental Psychology . Published online 2001:174-186. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.37.2.174
• 15. Fei-Yin Ng F, Kenney-Benson GA, Pomerantz EM. Children’s Achievement Moderates the Effects of Mothers’ Use of Control and Autonomy Support. Child Development . Published online May 2004:764-780. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00705.x
• 16. Mau WC. Parental influences on the high school students’ academic achievement: A comparison of Asian immigrants, Asian Americans, and White Americans. Psychol Schs . Published online July 1997:267-277. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6807(199707)34:3<267::aid-pits9>3.0.co;2-l
• 17. Ginsburg GS, Bronstein P. Family Factors Related to Children’s Intrinsic/Extrinsic Motivational Orientation and Academic Performance. Child Development . Published online October 1993:1461. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/1131546
• 18. Carter M, McGee R, Taylor B, Williams S. Health outcomes in adolescence: Associations with family, friends and school engagement. Journal of Adolescence . Published online February 2007:51-62. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.04.002

Disclaimer: The content of this article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider for medical concerns.

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Parental Involvement in Your Child’s Education

The key to student success, research shows.

If you could wave a mag­ic wand that would improve the chances of school suc­cess for your chil­dren as well as their class­mates, would you take up that challenge?

For decades, researchers have point­ed to one key suc­cess fac­tor that tran­scends near­ly all oth­ers, such as socioe­co­nom­ic sta­tus, stu­dent back­ground or the kind of school a stu­dent attends: parental involve­ment.

The extent to which schools nur­ture pos­i­tive rela­tion­ships with fam­i­lies — and vice ver­sa — makes all the dif­fer­ence, research shows. Stu­dents whose par­ents stay involved in school have bet­ter atten­dance and behav­ior, get bet­ter grades, demon­strate bet­ter social skills and adapt bet­ter to school.

Parental involve­ment also more secure­ly sets these stu­dents up to devel­op a  life­long love of learn­ing , which researchers say is key to long-term success.

A gen­er­a­tion ago, the Nation­al PTA found that three key par­ent behav­iors are the most accu­rate pre­dic­tors of stu­dent achieve­ment, tran­scend­ing both fam­i­ly income and social status:

• cre­at­ing a home envi­ron­ment that encour­ages learning;
• com­mu­ni­cat­ing high, yet rea­son­able, expec­ta­tions for achieve­ment; and 
• stay­ing involved in a child’s edu­ca­tion at school.

What’s more, researchers say when this hap­pens, the moti­va­tion, behav­ior and aca­d­e­m­ic per­for­mance of all chil­dren at a par­tic­u­lar school improve. Sim­ply put, the bet­ter the part­ner­ship between school and home, the bet­ter the school and the high­er the stu­dent achieve­ment across the board.

Down­load Our Parental Involve­ment in Edu­ca­tion Report

What Is Parental Involve­ment, and How Is It Dif­fer­ent From Parental Engagement?

Parental involve­ment is the active, ongo­ing par­tic­i­pa­tion of a par­ent or pri­ma­ry care­giv­er in the edu­ca­tion of a child. Par­ents can demon­strate involve­ment at home by:

• read­ing with children;
• help­ing with homework;
• dis­cussing school events;
• attend­ing school func­tions, includ­ing par­ent-teacher meet­ings; and
• vol­un­teer­ing in classrooms.

While both parental involve­ment and parental engage­ment in school sup­port stu­dent suc­cess, they have impor­tant differences.

Involve­ment is the first step towards engage­ment. It includes par­tic­i­pa­tion in school events or activ­i­ties, with teach­ers pro­vid­ing learn­ing resources and infor­ma­tion about their student’s grades. With involve­ment, teach­ers hold the pri­ma­ry respon­si­bil­i­ty to set edu­ca­tion­al goals. 

But while teach­ers can offer advice, fam­i­lies and care­givers have impor­tant infor­ma­tion about their chil­dren that teach­ers may not know. So a student’s learn­ing expe­ri­ence is enriched when both bring their per­spec­tives to the table. 

With engage­ment , home and school come togeth­er as a team. Schools empow­er par­ents and care­givers by pro­vid­ing them with ways to active­ly par­tic­i­pate, pro­mot­ing them as impor­tant voic­es in the school and remov­ing bar­ri­ers to engage­ment. Exam­ples include encour­ag­ing fam­i­lies to join the fam­i­ly-teacher asso­ci­a­tion or arrang­ing vir­tu­al fam­i­ly-teacher meet­ings for fam­i­lies with trans­porta­tion issues. 

Research has found that the ear­li­er edu­ca­tors estab­lish fam­i­ly engage­ment, the more effec­tive they are in rais­ing stu­dent performance.

Why Is It Impor­tant to Involve Par­ents in School?

It ben­e­fits students.

Chil­dren whose fam­i­lies are engaged in their edu­ca­tion are more like­ly to: 

• earn high­er grades and score high­er on tests;
• grad­u­ate from high school and college;
• devel­op self-con­fi­dence and moti­va­tion in the class­room; and
• have bet­ter social skills and class­room behavior.

In one study, researchers looked at lon­gi­tu­di­nal data on math achieve­ment and found that effec­tive­ly encour­ag­ing fam­i­lies to sup­port stu­dents’ math learn­ing at home was asso­ci­at­ed with high­er per­cent­ages of stu­dents who scored at or above pro­fi­cien­cy on stan­dard­ized math achieve­ment tests.

Stu­dents whose par­ents are involved in school are also less like­ly to suf­fer from low self-esteem or devel­op behav­ioral issues, researchers say. 

And class­rooms with engaged fam­i­lies per­form bet­ter as a whole, mean­ing that the ben­e­fits affect vir­tu­al­ly all stu­dents in a classroom.

It Pos­i­tive­ly Influ­ences Children’s Behavior

Decades of research have made one thing clear: parental involve­ment in edu­ca­tion improves stu­dent atten­dance, social skills and behav­ior. It also helps chil­dren adapt bet­ter to school.

In one instance, researchers look­ing at children’s aca­d­e­m­ic and social devel­op­ment across first, third and fifth grade found that improve­ments in parental involve­ment are asso­ci­at­ed with few­er ​ “ prob­lem behav­iors” in stu­dents and improve­ments in social skills. Researchers also found that chil­dren with high­ly involved par­ents had ​ “ enhanced social func­tion­ing” and few­er behav­ior problems.

It Ben­e­fits Teachers

Because it improves class­room cul­ture and con­di­tions, par­ent involve­ment also ben­e­fits teach­ers. Know­ing more about a stu­dent helps teach­ers pre­pare bet­ter and know­ing that they have par­ents’ sup­port ensures that teach­ers feel equipped to take aca­d­e­m­ic risks and push for stu­dents to learn more. 

How Can Par­ents Get Involved in Their Child’s Education?

• Make learn­ing a pri­or­i­ty in your home, estab­lish­ing rou­tines and sched­ules that enable chil­dren to com­plete home­work, read inde­pen­dent­ly, get enough sleep and have oppor­tu­ni­ties to get help from you. Talk about what’s going on in school. 
• Read to and with your chil­dren: Even 10 – 20  min­utes dai­ly makes a dif­fer­ence. And par­ents can go fur­ther by ensur­ing that they read more each day as well, either as a fam­i­ly or pri­vate read­ing time that sets a good example.
• Ask teach­ers how they would like to com­mu­ni­cate. Many are com­fort­able with text mes­sages or phone calls, and all teach­ers want par­ents to stay up to date, espe­cial­ly if prob­lems arise.
• Attend school events, includ­ing par­ent-teacher con­fer­ences, back-to-school nights and oth­ers — even if your child is not involved in extracur­ric­u­lar activities. 
• Use your com­mute to con­nect with your kids; ask them to read to you while you dri­ve and encour­age con­ver­sa­tions about school. 
• Eat meals togeth­er: It’s the per­fect oppor­tu­ni­ty to find out more about what’s going on in school.
• Pri­or­i­tize com­mu­ni­ca­tion with teach­ers, espe­cial­ly if demand­ing work sched­ules, cul­tur­al or lan­guage bar­ri­ers are an issue. Find out what resources are avail­able to help get par­ents involved. 

Parental Involve­ment Out­side the Classroom

Out­side of the class­room, engaged par­ents more often see them­selves as advo­cates for their child’s school — and are more like­ly to vol­un­teer or take an active role in governance. 

Researchers have not­ed that par­ent involve­ment in school gov­er­nance, for instance, helps par­ents under­stand edu­ca­tors’ and oth­er par­ents’ moti­va­tions, atti­tudes and abil­i­ties. It gives them a greater oppor­tu­ni­ty to serve as resources for their chil­dren, often increas­ing their own skills and con­fi­dence. In a few cas­es, these par­ents actu­al­ly fur­ther their own edu­ca­tion and upgrade their job.

While pro­vid­ing improved role mod­els for their chil­dren, these par­ents also ensure that the larg­er com­mu­ni­ty views the school pos­i­tive­ly and sup­ports it. They also pro­vide role mod­els for future par­ent leaders.

Read­ing and Homework

Very ear­ly in their school career — by fourth grade — chil­dren are expect­ed to be able to read to learn oth­er sub­jects. But recent research shows that about two-thirds of the nation’s pub­lic school fourth graders aren’t pro­fi­cient read­ers .

To make chil­dren suc­cess­ful in read­ing , and in school more gen­er­al­ly, the sin­gle most impor­tant thing you can do is to read aloud with them.

Youth Sports and Oth­er Extracur­ric­u­lar Activities

Par­ents can make or break their child’s rela­tion­ship with sports and oth­er extracur­ric­u­lar activ­i­ties, so they should think deeply about how to show chil­dren the fun of mas­ter­ing a new skill, work­ing toward a group or indi­vid­ual goal, weath­er­ing adver­si­ty, being a good sport and win­ning or los­ing gracefully.

Beyond this, par­ents with coach­ing skills should con­sid­er vol­un­teer­ing to get involved. The Nation­al Alliance for Youth Sports notes that only about 5 % to 10 % of youth sports coach­es have received any rel­e­vant train­ing before coach­ing, with most coach­es step­ping up because their child is on the team and no one else volunteered.

Parental Involve­ment in Juve­nile Justice

Par­ents find­ing them­selves involved in the juve­nile jus­tice sys­tem on behalf of their kids face a sys­tem that offers many chal­lenges and few resources. 

The Annie E. Casey Foundation’s Juve­nile Deten­tion Alter­na­tives Ini­tia­tive has long sought to sharply reduce reliance on deten­tion, with the aim of decreas­ing reliance on juve­nile incar­cer­a­tion nationwide.

But par­ents whose chil­dren face the judi­cial sys­tem can make a dif­fer­ence. Sur­veys of cor­rec­tions offi­cials note that fam­i­ly involve­ment is one of the most impor­tant issues fac­ing the juve­nile sys­tem, and it is also the most oper­a­tional­ly challenging. 

One well-respect­ed frame­work out­lines the impor­tance of five ​ “ dimen­sions” that mea­sure parental involve­ment, includ­ing recep­tiv­i­ty to receiv­ing help, a belief in pos­i­tive change, invest­ment in plan­ning and obtain­ing ser­vices and a good work­ing rela­tion­ship between the par­ent and the jus­tice system.

What Suc­cess­ful Parental Involve­ment Looks Like

Experts urge par­ents to be present at school as much as pos­si­ble and to show inter­est in children’s schoolwork.

As not­ed in the Annie E. Casey Foun­da­tion ​ “ Parental Involve­ment in Edu­ca­tion Pol­i­cy” brief, the Nation­al PTA lists six key stan­dards for good parent/​family involve­ment programs:

• Schools engage in reg­u­lar, two-way, mean­ing­ful com­mu­ni­ca­tion with parents.
• Par­ent­ing skills are pro­mot­ed and supported. 
• Par­ents play an inte­gral role in assist­ing stu­dent learning.
• Par­ents are wel­come in the school as vol­un­teers, and their sup­port and assis­tance are sought. 
• Par­ents are full part­ners in the deci­sions that affect chil­dren and families. 
• Com­mu­ni­ty resources are used to strength­en schools, fam­i­lies and stu­dent learning.

How To Avoid Neg­a­tive Parental Involvement

Teach­ers may, on occa­sion, com­plain of ​ “ heli­copter par­ents” whose involve­ment — some­times called ​ “ hov­er­ing” — does more harm than good. One vet­er­an edu­ca­tor recent­ly told the sto­ry of an award-win­ning col­league who quit the pro­fes­sion because of the grow­ing influ­ence of ​ “ a group of usu­al­ly well-inten­tioned, but over-involved, over­pro­tec­tive and con­trol­ling par­ents who bub­ble-wrap their children.” 

What these par­ents fail to under­stand, he said, is that their good inten­tions ​ “ often back­fire,” imped­ing their children’s cop­ing skills and capac­i­ty to prob­lem-solve. Such over-involve­ment can actu­al­ly increase children’s anx­i­ety and reduce self-esteem. 

The colleague’s plea: ​ “ Please part­ner with us rather than per­se­cute us. That will always be in your children’s best interests.”

Resources for Par­ents, Teach­ers, School Admin­is­tra­tors and Advocates

• Child Trends Fam­i­lies and Par­ent­ing Research
• Har­vard Grad­u­ate School of Edu­ca­tion’s Usable Knowl­edge series
• Par­ent Insti­tute for Qual­i­ty Education
• The Nation­al Par­ent Teacher Association
• Johns Hop­kins Uni­ver­si­ty Nation­al Net­work of Part­ner­ship Schools
• The Casey Foun­da­tion Parental Involve­ment in Edu­ca­tion pol­i­cy brief
• The Casey Foun­da­tion’s Fam­i­lies as Pri­ma­ry Part­ners in Their Child’s Devel­op­ment and School Readiness

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• DOI: 10.1007/s12144-024-06568-3
• Corpus ID: 272243919

Does parental involvement affect student academic motivation? A meta-analysis

• Gülnar Özyıldırım
• Published in Current Psychology 29 August 2024
• Psychology, Education
• Current Psychology

42 References

Cognitive ability and locus of control: the effect of parental involvement on the academic performance of elementary and secondary school students, perceived parental involvement and student engagement with homework in secondary school: the mediating role of self-handicapping, a comprehensive model of preschool through high school parent involvement with emphasis on the psychological facets, the prisma 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews, parental influences on immigrant students' achievement-related motivation and achievement: a meta-analysis, student-perceived parental involvement as a predictor for academic motivation in vocational education and training (vet), maternal involvement and children’s academic motivation and achievement: the roles of maternal autonomy support and children’s affect, chinese parental involvement and adolescent learning motivation and subjective well-being: more is not always better, student perception of teacher and parent involvement in homework and student engagement: the mediating role of motivation, associations of parenting styles with self-esteem in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis, related papers.

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Parental involvement in homework: Relations with parent and student achievement-related motivational beliefs and achievement

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Parent Involvement with Homework

When I review her work, I take note of incorrect answers and have her revisit the problem. Usually, she catches her mistake. If not, we walk through reading the problem together carefully and she finds her error. Some of my friends think I'm too involved. I think I'm helping to build a missing skill. What do you think?

Besides not always taking the time to read her homework assignments carefully, is there any other evidence that your daughter is a careless reader? Has any teacher ever noted this failing to you? Over the years, do your daughter's reading scores on standardized tests show any problems? If not, your daughter is probably a bright child who is simply hurrying through her homework. Should your daughter have some reading weaknesses, a few sessions with a tutor or learning center should put her on the right track.

Don't just stop reviewing your daughter's homework all at once. Talk with her first about how your role in getting her homework done should be lessening. Point out the importance of her learning to catch her own errors in order to insure continued academic success in high school and college when your help will be less available. Be sure to tell her how pleased you are about the way she handles her homework. Finally, explain that it is now more appropriate for you to offer assistance only when she truly needs it rather than reviewing all her work.

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Does parental involvement affect student academic motivation? A meta-analysis

• Published: 29 August 2024

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• Gülnar Özyıldırım   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-3768-0516 1  

The impact of parents on academic achievement has been discussed for many years; however, less interest has been shown in whether their involvement in education influences students’ academic motivation. This study attempted to determine the overall impact of parental involvement on the academic motivation of students. The analysis was conducted by using data from 256 correlational values drawn from 37 studies involving 45,428 students. A meta-analysis was performed through the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Program. In the analysis process, the standardized mean difference, based on the random effect model, was employed as a measure of the mean effect size, and the Q statistic was used to assess the significance of the moderator variables. This study demonstrated that parental involvement exerted a small but significant overall impact on students’ academic motivation. Additionally the gender of the parents, country, school level and year of analyzed studies were identified as significant moderators in this relationship.

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The Effect of Parent Involvement on Student Achievement

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Özyıldırım, G. Does parental involvement affect student academic motivation? A meta-analysis. Curr Psychol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06568-3

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13 pages•Date: August 30, 2024 This study explores the impact of parental involvement on the academic performance of Grade 12 students, emphasizing the critical role of family engagement in educational outcomes. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative data from academic performance records with qualitative insights gathered through surveys and interviews with students, parents, and educators. The study examines various forms of parental involvement, including participation in school activities, support with homework, and communication with teachers, and their correlation with students' grades and overall academic achievement. Findings reveal a significant positive relationship between high levels of parental engagement and improved academic performance. The research underscores the importance of fostering strong home-school partnerships and provides recommendations for enhancing parental involvement strategies to support student success. This study contributes to the broader understanding of how family dynamics influence educational outcomes and offers practical guidance for educators and policymakers seeking to improve student achievement through increased parental engagement. : , , , , , , Jump to: Page Content You are seeing this message because your web browser does not support basic web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing and what you can do to make your experience on this site better. The Harvard Family Research Project separated from the Harvard Graduate School of Education to become the Global Family Research Project as of January 1, 2017. It is no longer affiliated with Harvard University. Terms of Use ▼ Permission to Use Materials: In consideration for your agreement to the terms and conditions contained here, the President and Fellows of Harvard College, c/o the Harvard Graduate School of Education, grant you a personal, non-exclusive, non-transferable license to access and use Harvard Family Research Project publications hosted on the Global Family Research Project Site. User may download material from the Site only for User's own personal, non-commercial use. User may not otherwise copy, reproduce, retransmit, distribute, publish, commercially exploit or otherwise transfer any material. The burden of determining that use of any information, software or any other content on the Site is permissible rests with User. User will seek permission or licensing for any commercial use requests from the Harvard Graduate School of Education Office of Sponsored Projects. Complementary Learning Family Involvement Out-of-School Time Early Childhood Education Other Research Areas Search Publications Browse Our Publications Publications Series Copyright and Reprint Permissions News & Announcements Blog: New Directions in Family Engagement In the Media Large text size Normal text size Small text size October 2004 Joan M. T. Walker, Kathleen V. Hoover-Dempsey, Darlene R. Whetsel, Christa L. Green Article Information Full Text (HTML) Full Text (PDF: 148 kb) Request reprint permission How to cite Download Acrobat Related Resources Engaging Parents in an Urban Public High School: A Case Study of Boston Arts Academy Staying on the Path Toward College Interactive Case: Supporting Data Academic Parent–Teacher Teams: Reorganizing Parent–Teacher Conferences Around Data Parents often become involved in their children's education through homework. Whether children do homework at home, complete it in after school programs or work on it during the school day, homework can be a powerful tool for (a) letting parents and other adults know what the child is learning, (b) giving children and parents a reason to talk about what's going on at school, and (c) giving teachers an opportunity to hear from parents about children's learning. In 2001 we reviewed research on parental involvement in children's homework (Hoover-Dempsey et al., 2001). The review focused on understanding why parents become involved in their children's homework, what strategies they employ, and how involvement contributes to student learning. The review supported theoretical arguments that parents choose to become involved in homework because they believe they should be involved, believe their involvement will make a positive difference in their children's learning, and perceive that their involvement is invited, expected, and valued by school personnel (Hoover-Dempsey & Sandler, 1995, 1997). The review also suggested that parents engage in a wide range of activities in this effort, from establishment of basic structures for homework performance to more complex efforts focused on teaching for understanding and helping students develop effective learning strategies (see Table 1 below for summary). Since then, our work (Hoover-Dempsey, Walker, & Sandler, in press; Walker, Wilkins, Dallaire, Sandler, & Hoover-Dempsey, in press) and that of others (e.g., Epstein & Van Voorhis, 2001; Kohl, Lengua, & McMahon, 2002; Simon, 2004) has underscored the importance of teacher invitations in motivating parent involvement. In this paper we draw on findings from the 2001 review and suggest several ways in which schools can invite parents' involvement in homework. Involvement in student homework can be influenced by several members of the school community: teachers, professionals who work with students and families in before and after school programs, and parent leaders. After school providers are often ideally positioned to act as a bridge of communication between home and school on issues related to student learning and homework (Cosden, Morrison, Albanese, & Macias, 2001). Further, because information about schools is often communicated through informal parent networks (Delgado-Gaitan, 1992; Sheldon, 2002), parent leaders also can support parents' involvement in homework. The suggestions below focus on how teachers can involve parents in homework and how they may tap the potential of after school staff and parent leaders in supporting parents' homework involvement. The suggestions are presented in two major sections. The first section—which includes the first four categories in Table 1—focuses on parental involvement activities that (a) contribute to student motivation and performance and (b) can be enacted by almost all families, across cultures, educational backgrounds, and family socioeconomic circumstances. The second section—which includes the last four categories in Table 1—describes strategies that may require (a) relatively strong parental understanding of children's development, learning, and homework content or (b) school support of skills and knowledge parents need for effective involvement in homework. Our intention is to offer suggestions that support schools' efforts to invite parents' homework involvement across a variety of school communities. 1. Interact with the student's school or teacher about homework 2. Establish physical and psychological structures for the child's homework performance 3. Provide general oversight of the homework process 4. Respond to the student's homework performance 5. Engage in homework processes and tasks with the student 6. Engage in meta-strategies designed to create a fit between the task and student knowledge, skills, and abilities 7. Engage in interactive processes supporting student's understanding of homework 8. Engage in meta-strategies helping the student learn processes conducive to achievement Strategies for Supporting Student Motivation and Performance in Homework We focus in this section on basic strategies for supporting student motivation and performance in homework. Because teachers often take the lead in communicating learning goals, we focus on strategies teachers can use to encourage parental involvement. We also discuss strategies teachers may use in interacting with parent leaders and after school staff for further support of parental involvement in homework. Interacting With the School or Teacher About Homework Parents are often eager to support their children's learning but do not always know how to help or why their involvement is important (Epstein & Van Voorhis, 2001; Hoover-Dempsey, Bassler, & Burow, 1995). Parents should be encouraged to contact the teacher if they have questions about students' homework. Among parents of younger students, questions may be related to directions and due dates or to the substance of homework (e.g., content of assignment, resources for further information or help). Older students and their teachers often prefer to interact directly on such issues, but parents should be encouraged to ask questions if student-teacher communications do not offer sufficient guidance. Parents and students often benefit when they have written information (in language that the parent can readily understand) about homework policies and purposes. This is most helpful if parents have opportunities to review the ideas with the teacher, ideally during an orientation offering ample opportunity for questions and responses. This information can be tailored to specific educational objectives and repeated throughout the year (objectives may include such goals as practicing skills, developing independence and responsibility, developing higher level thinking skills, organizing material, or simply getting students to read more, e.g., Corno, 1996; Epstein & Van Voorhis, 2001). Such information from teachers can also highlight the skills, attitudes, and behaviors often influenced by parents' homework involvement (e.g., more positive attitudes about school, increased time on homework, greater persistence in learning tasks, e.g., Cooper, Lindsey, Nye, & Greathouse, 1998; Hoover-Dempsey et al., 2001). To increase two-way communication about homework, teachers may talk with parents about their mutual goals for children's learning, including specific information about the ways in which student homework supports those goals. Teachers may also encourage parents to make comments about assignments (e.g., areas of difficulty for the student, student and parent responses to interactive homework). Parent leaders can work with teachers and parents to develop open-ended surveys seeking parent feedback on homework, and teachers may alter assignments or offer individual adjustments based on survey results. Establishing Physical and Psychological Structures for Student Homework There are many ways of creating structures at home that support children's learning. Specific decisions about structuring depend in part on student needs and on parent ideas about specific involvement activities that "fit" the student and family context, for example, what the home is like and what other demands require parents' time (Xu & Corno, 1998). Specific steps in structuring homework also often depend on student developmental level (e.g., a 7-year-old may need external structuring; a 15-year-old is more likely to need more autonomy) and personal characteristics (e.g., students who are more distractible will likely benefit from more structuring; students who like to work independently often benefit from less parental structuring). Teachers, parent leaders, and after school providers may suggest alternative homework routines (e.g., students decide the order in which the work will be done, while parents track time and remind students of remaining tasks) and offer suggestions for organizing homework space (e.g., clear off the table or desk before starting homework). Because after school staff also supervise homework, it's important that they create a comfortable, quiet environment and maintain consistent rules for homework completion (e.g., who can work together; when it's okay to ask for help). Teachers may interact with parents, after school staff, and parent leaders about strategies that students can use to avoid becoming distracted during homework. For example, the students that XU and Corno (1998) studied identified several such strategies (e.g., telling themselves not to get up until a specific part is finished, and doing easier parts of the assignment first). Teachers, parents, and after school program staff may also suggest or require that external distractions (TV, CD player, phone) be turned off until homework is done. They may also offer positive reinforcement (e.g., free time, small rewards) to motivate efficient completion of homework. In all, it is very important that adults let students know that they value and expect effort and learning in the homework process. Providing General Oversight of the Homework Process Teachers can help parents, after school staff, and family members understand what homework monitoring involves and why it is important (e.g., Toney, Kelley, & Lanclos, 2003). For example, helpful monitoring usually includes being accessible, being willing to help the student understand directions, being available to respond to simple questions, maintaining awareness of the child's emotional state and work patterns, and offering positive feedback on engagement in homework. Parents and other adults often benefit from knowing what kind of monitoring is appropriate for students with different individual needs (Hong & Lee, 2003). For example, students who are easily distracted or who struggle with learning may need and benefit from relatively close monitoring, as is true of students who like to work near a parent or receive frequent feedback. Students who have strong self-regulation skills or find learning relatively straightforward are likely to benefit from “looser” monitoring and increased autonomy. Teachers can also offer support that is likely to increase the effectiveness of parental monitoring, such as homework sign-off sheets for parents, requests for comments or questions about homework performance, or suggestions for detecting and responding to signs of distraction or frustration. Helpful monitoring may also include efforts to focus student attention by posing questions or comments (e.g., “Good work! How did you think about solving that one?” or “That's really interesting”). Adults may also help students avoid unnecessary time on assignments (e.g., if students are to draw a picture of a math problem, they should be encouraged to focus on how the drawing depicts the problem, not the colors to be used in completing the work). Responding to Student Homework Performance Students benefit when parents and other adults offer specific positive responses to student homework performance. Parents' ability to offer appropriate responses often benefits from having information about the concepts addressed in homework, evaluative information about the student's homework performance, and information about the learning goals supported by homework tasks. The more specific and knowledgeable parents can be in offering feedback and reinforcement, the stronger their impact on learning and student self-efficacy is likely to be. Teachers, parent leaders, and after school staff can also give parents and other adults specific examples of how they can support children's homework performance. Teachers may offer suggestions for short questions parents can ask the student about the day's homework and can include ideas about how to offer helpful and autonomy-supportive responses (e.g., wait for student questions before helping). Suggestions may be most helpful when they support parents in thinking through the amount of independence the child needs and offer specific suggestions for appropriate positive responses (e.g., Ng, Kenney-Benson & Pomerantz, 2004). Adults can influence children's motivation for homework by offering sincere compliments on work and specific suggestions when performance is poor. They can support student self-confidence by telling children they know they're able to do the work based on examples from recent learning situations. Teachers and other adults may also offer helpful responses supportive of student self-motivation for completing homework (e.g., suggestions for maintaining motivation, such as thinking about free time after homework or taking a limited break after completing a section of the assignment). Epstein and colleagues' approach to interactive homework may also be very helpful in guiding parent responses to student homework (Epstein & Van Voorhis, 2001). The Teachers Involve Parents in Schoolwork (TIPS) program engages the student in sharing homework tasks with a parent. Parents are asked to be interested and responsive but are not asked to teach specific skills (essentially, TIPS makes students responsible for homework even though parents are integrally involved). TIPS activities appear especially helpful in encouraging students to recognize that teachers want their families to know what they are learning, want parents to participate in the process, and want students to own primary responsibility for the learning outcomes. (For more information on TIPS see www.csos.jhu.edu/p2000/tips/tipsmain.htm .) Strategies for Parent Teaching Activities During Homework We focus now on more complex motivational and instructional strategies that parents and others may use in helping students with homework. Some strategies are relatively direct and short-term, while others involve more elaborate or extended approaches that can be supported as needed through school- or community-based education and intervention programs. Engaging in Homework Processes and Tasks With the Student Teachers can help parents engage in homework processes by providing specific, time-limited suggestions for helping students in ways that support the broader learning goals of homework assignments. For example, teachers of younger children might suggest that parents read with the child or listen to the child read for 10 minutes 2 or 3 times a week. This is likely to be possible within most family schedules; it also offers parents a way of explicitly valuing children's schoolwork and reinforcing their learning. A suggestion that parents review two problems in a larger math assignment with the child is also likely to be feasible within most family schedules; it also offers parents information about what the student is learning as well as an opportunity to express the parent's valuing of the student's work. Teachers may also support parent and after school staff awareness of direct teaching strategies that may be useful helping students with homework. Schools and teachers can offer important information about when direct teaching is likely to be helpful—for example, when homework involves practice or memorization. Parents may also benefit from knowing that direct teaching strategies are often most appropriate for students who are younger, experience difficulty with work, or request help. Suggestions for the amount of direct teaching that is appropriate for students at different developmental and grade levels can be particularly helpful, as are suggestions for teaching activities that meet individual student needs (e.g., Cancio, West & Young, 2004; Cosden et al., 2001). Information about appropriate indirect teaching strategies can also be very helpful to adults who are involved in student homework. It can be particularly important when the learning objective of homework is not derivation of correct answers but development of analytical, problem-solving, or communication skills. Parents may need examples of indirect teaching strategies (e.g., asking questions, discussing student responses and their fit with the task) as well as information on understanding when indirect strategies are likely to be most helpful (e.g., a science project, developing a report, writing a poem). Learning about indirect and direct teaching strategies expands adult repertoires of helping skills and enables involvement activities most appropriate for different kinds of learning tasks. Creating a "Fit" Between Learning Tasks and Student Skills Parents and others who interact regularly with children often bring another major strength to student learning processes—their knowledge of individual student's learning styles, interests, and work preferences. Teachers can play an important role in offering suggestions for making effective use of this knowledge. For example, students who feel overwhelmed by assignments are often responding to their perception of the task as a whole. Information about ways of breaking complex learning tasks into sequential parts can enhance parents' and others' ability to offer targeted, specific, and productive help in such situations. Teacher suggestions about learning patterns and needs that characterize children at different developmental levels can also help adults key their involvement to appropriate developmental expectations. Teachers can make specific suggestions about how to recognize what a student currently understands and what guidance and teaching activities are likely to help the student achieve the next level of understanding. Such suggestions are often most effective if built around scaffolding principles, for example, offering substantial support in the initial phases of learning, followed by “fading” of support as the student gains skill and confidence in the area (e.g., Pratt, Green, MacVicar & Bountrogianni, 1992). Several programs based on these principles have been developed. For example, Shumow (1998) reported on a program designed to enhance parents' understanding of students' developmental abilities in mathematics. Several program features were related to gains in parents' understanding of their children's problem-solving abilities and their use of appropriate strategies for supporting student self-regulation and engagement in learning. These features included regular written suggestions for parents as well as regular parent-teacher phone conversations about the student's cognitive development and progress in learning. These conversations included questions and answers, parent and teacher observations about students' learning strategies, and joint anticipation of students' next steps in learning. Shumow suggested that the conversations were particularly helpful because they encouraged parents to notice their children's strategic thinking and enabled them to place their children's learning within the developmental and conceptual framework guiding classroom math instruction. Interactive homework with parent-teacher interaction can be developed for a variety of curriculum areas. Because creation of these assignments is time-consuming, however, a committee of teachers for each grade (at the district level) might be involved in creating assignments prior to the start of the school year. For maximum effectiveness, such assignments should include attention to the individual needs of both gifted and struggling students. Engaging in Interactive Processes That Support Student Understanding Parental involvement focused on helping children understand learning tasks often requires considerable knowledge. Parents whose own schooling did not include experience in understanding principles underlying varied learning tasks often benefit from school-based educational programs designed to support relevant knowledge and understanding. Programs may include written materials to help parents understand the basic objectives and components of a learning task as well as specific suggestions for checking on student understanding (e.g., “Can you tell me how you got that answer?” ; “What do you think is the most important idea in this section of your report?”). Programs that help parents engage in this kind of involvement may also offer demonstrations of developmentally appropriate teaching activities, opportunities for practice of varied strategies, and information about assessing students' progress (e.g., Starkey & Klein, 2000). Engaging in Meta-Strategies to Help the Student Learn Processes Conducive to Achievement This set of strategies is often grounded in information to parents about specific attributes that help students learn more effectively. Research suggests that these include positive student attitudes about learning and homework; positive student perceptions of personal competence and efficacy for learning; student perceptions of personal control over learning outcomes; and self-regulation skills pertinent to goal-setting, organizing and planning, persistence in the face of difficulty, and management of emotional responses to homework (Hoover-Dempsey et al., 2001). If parents have information about the student skills and attributes that are associated with better learning across grade levels and subject areas, they can focus their involvement efforts in part on support for these outcomes. Teachers, after school providers, and parent leaders can be instrumental in focusing parents' attention on these processes that continue—across grade levels, learning objectives, and subject areas—to support student learning. Conclusion Student homework creates opportunities for important interactions among schools, families, students, and other adults who help care for children. Well-designed homework helps students learn; it also offers parents opportunities to see what students are learning, talk with children about their learning, and interact with teachers and other school-community members about ways to support student learning. Because they are at the center of the homework process, teachers play critical roles in helping parents become effectively involved in student homework. In sharing ideas for homework involvement with parents, school-age care professionals, and parent leaders, teachers increase community support for student learning. The strategies suggested in this paper are likely, individually and in concert, to support effective parental involvement in student homework. For more information visit the Family-School Partnership Lab at www.vanderbilt.edu/Peabody/family-school or email Kathleen V. Hoover-Dempsey at [email protected] . References Cancio, E. J., West, R. P., & Young, K. R. (2004). Improving mathematics homework completion and accuracy of students with EBD through self-management and parent participation. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 12 (1), 9–22. Cooper, H., Lindsay, J. J., Nye, B., & Greathouse, S. (1998). 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Parents' reported involvement in students' homework: Strategies and practices. Elementary School Journal, 95, 435–450. Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., Battiato, A. C., Walker, J. M. T., Reed, R. P., DeJong, J. M., & Jones, K. P. (2001). Parental involvement in homework. Educational Psychologist, 36, 195–210. Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., & Sandler, H. M. (1995). Parental involvement in children's education: Why does it make a difference? Teachers College Record, 97 (2), 310–331. Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., & Sandler, H. M. (1997). Why do parents become involved in their children's education? Review of Educational Research, 67 (1), 3–42. Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., Walker, J. M. T., & Sandler, H. M. (in press). What motivates parents to become involved in their children's education? In E. N. Patrikakou, R. P. Weisberg, J. B. Manning, H. J. Walberg, & S. Redding (Eds.), School-family partnerships: Promoting the social, emotional, and academic growth of children. New York: Teachers College Press. Kohl, G. W., Lengua, L. J., & McMahon, R. J. (2002). Parent involvement in school: Conceptualizing multiple dimensions and their relations with family and demographic risk factors. Journal of School Psychology, 38 (6), 501–523. Ng, F. F., Kenney-Benson, G. A., & Pomerantz, E. M. (2004). Children's achievement moderates the effects of mothers' use of control and autonomy support. Child Development, 75 (3), 764–780. Pratt, M. W., Green, D., MacVicar, J., & Bountrogianni, M. (1992). The mathematical parent: Parental scaffolding, parenting style, and learning outcomes in long-division mathematics homework. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 13, 17–34. Sheldon, S. B. (2002). Parents' social networks and beliefs as predictors of parent involvement. Elementary School Journal, 102 (4), 301–316. Shumow, L. (1998). Promoting parental attunement to children's mathematical reasoning through parent education. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 19 (1), 109–127. Simon, B. S. (2004). High school outreach and family involvement. Social Psychology of Education, 7, 185–209. Starkey, P., & Klein, A. (2000). Fostering parental support for children's mathematical development: An intervention with Head Start families. Early Education and Development, 11, 659–680. Toney, L. P., Kelley, M. L., & Lanclos, N. F. (2003). Self- and parental monitoring of homework in adolescents: Comparative effects of parents' perceptions of homework behavior problems. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 25 (1), 35–51. Walker, J. M. T., Wilkins, A. S., Dallaire, J. R., Sandler, H. M., & Hoover-Dempsey, K. V. (in press). Parental involvement: Model revision through scale development. Elementary School Journal. Xu, J., & Corno, L. (1998). Case studies of families doing third-grade homework. Teachers College Record, 100, 402-436. Free. Available online only. © 2016 Presidents and Fellows of Harvard College Published by Harvard Family Research Project 360 IMAGES The Value of Parents Helping with Homework Family Involvement Activities for Each Letter-Homework by Jamie's JEMS Using Homework Assignments to Drive Parent Involvement Top homework tips for parents Tips To Parents How To Make Homework Fun Parental homework involvement flat vector banner template. Doing VIDEO Parents involvement in homework time😂😂 #shortvideos #youtubeshorts #kids #family #study #shorts Parent Involvement Activity 2018 Parental Involvement: How much is too much? How Parents 'HELP' with Homework Parent Involvement in Education PPT Revolutionizing Homework Assistance: AI-Powered Parent Access to School Assignments COMMENTS (PDF) Parental Involvement in Homework Parental involvement in student homework is thus associ-. ated with several student attitudes, skills, and behaviors im-. portant to school learning and achievement. Many of the. studies offer ... Parent Involvement in Homework: Super Strategies for Encouraging Parent Involvement in Homework: When it comes to your child's education, striking the right balance in homework support is a delicate task. Parental involvement is crucial, but knowing how much help is helpful - and when it becomes hindering - can be challenging. Does Parent Involvement Really Help Students? Here's What the Research Says Parent involvement can lead to improved student outcomes, research shows, but some forms are more helpful than others. The Value of Parents Helping with Homework Parental involvement with homework helps develop self-confidence and motivation in the classroom. Parents helping students with homework has a multitude of benefits including spending individual time with children, enlightening strengths and weaknesses, making learning more meaningful, and having higher aspirations. PDF Parental Involvement in Homework In 2001 we reviewed research on parental involvement in children's homework (Hoover-Dempsey et al., 2001). The review focused on understanding why parents become involved in their children's homework, what strategies they employ, and how involvement contributes to student learning. The Importance of Parental Involvement in Education Parent involvement in schools can include discussions after school, helping with homework assignments, engaging in extracurricular activities, keeping abreast of academic progress, imparting parental values, participating in parent meetings, attending school activities, and volunteering in the classroom. Parental involvement in homework: Relations with parent and student Background. Parental involvement in homework is a home‐based type of involvement in children's education. Research and theory suggest that it is beneficial for learning and achievement under certain conditions and for particular groups of individuals. Aims. The study examined whether different types of parents' involvement in homework (autonomy support, control, interference, cognitive ... PDF Homework: A Guide for Parents Homework has a long and surprisingly controversial history in the United States. Those who argue in favor of homework see it as a way to ensure practice and mastery of critical academic skills as well as a key way for parents to stay informed about their children's education. Those who criticize homework suggest it may lead to boredom and keep children from participating in useful leisure ... Parent Involvement in Homework: A Research Synthesis Abstract New emphasis is being placed on the importance of parent involvement in children's education. In a synthesis of research on the effects of parent involvement in homework, a meta-analysis of 14 studies that manipulated parent training for homework involvement reveals that training parents to be involved in their child's homework results in (a) higher rates of homework completion ... Perceived parental involvement and student engagement with homework in Research in the field of homework has confirmed the significant association between students' perceptions of their parents' involvement and their motivation and engagement with these tasks. In this study we analyzed the possible mediating role of self-handicapping strategies in the relationship between perceptions of parental support (content-oriented and autonomy-oriented support) when ... Parent Involvement in Homework: A Research Synthesis The results suggest that different types of parent involvement in homework have different relationships to achievement and that the type of parent involvement changes as children move through the school grades. Keywords: homework, parent involvement, academic achievement, meta-analysis. Parental involvement in children's homework: A literature review Parental involvement in children's homework takes a variety of forms with distinct qualitative characteristics. The present review paper discusses the role of quality of parental homework involvement, the predictors of specific involvement forms adopted by parents and their learning outcomes for children. According to relevant literature, parent motivational beliefs, efficacy beliefs ... Parental Involvement in Your Child's Education Parental involvement makes better students, more relaxed teachers and more confident parents. Learn how to get involved in your child's education and life. Whose Homework Is It? : Different Types of Parents' Dependent Help Abstract Homework is considered a major means for connecting learning processes at school with the home/family sphere. This qualitative study illuminates parents' engagement in their children's homework by exploring (1) parents' and teachers' perceptions of homework goals and characteristics and (2) the types of parental help-giving with homework. Using a snowballing sample, 24 ... PDF Parent and Family Involvement in Education: Results from the National The PFI survey collects data about students who are enrolled in kindergarten through grade 12 or are homeschooled for equivalent grades and asks questions about various aspects of parent involvement in education, such as help with homework, family activities, and parent involvement at school, such as attending a school or class event. Parents' Reported Involvement in Students' Homework: Strategies and In this study we examined homework, the most common point of intersection among parent, child, and school activities related to formal learning, in interviews with 69 parents of first-through fifth-grade students. Analyses revealed rich information about parents' thinking, strategies, and actions related to homework. Their ideas generally clustered around 5 major themes: concern for children's ... Parental involvement in homework: Relations with parent and student Parental involvement in homework is a home-based type of involvement in children's education. Research and theory suggest that it is beneficial for learning and achievement under certain conditions and for particular groups of individuals. Parental Involvement in Homework Parents' involvement activities take many forms, from establishing structures for homework performance to teaching for understanding and developing student learning strategies. Operating largely through modeling, reinforcement, and instruction, parents' homework involvement appears to influence student success insofar as it supports student ... Does parental involvement affect student academic motivation? A meta The results suggest the total mediation of student motivation in the relationship between the perception of parents' and teachers' involvement in homework and student cognitive engagement in these tasks has clear theoretical and educational implications. Parental Involvement in the Homework World Parental Involvement in the Homework World. Drew Nonnemacher. Northwestern College. December 2017 Abstract. This literature review explores the trends of homework in current education as well as the effects. that parents may have on homework, specifically with upper-level elementary students. Homework. Parental involvement in homework: Relations with parent and student Abstract Background: Parental involvement in homework is a home-based type of involvement in children's education. Research and theory suggest that it is beneficial for learning and achievement ... Parent Involvement with Homework Talk with her first about how your role in getting her homework done should be lessening. Point out the importance of her learning to catch her own errors in order to insure continued academic success in high school and college when your help will be less available. Be sure to tell her how pleased you are about the way she handles her homework. Does parental involvement affect student academic motivation ... Parent involvement in the education process and academic motivation. Parental involvement is generally conceptualized as activities such as attending school events, helping with homework (Silinskas & Kikas, 2019), or collaborating with schools to improve their children's academic development (Hill et al., 2004). The Impact of Parental Involvement on Grade 12 Students' Academic The study examines various forms of parental involvement, including participation in school activities, support with homework, and communication with teachers, and their correlation with students' grades and overall academic achievement. Findings reveal a significant positive relationship between high levels of parental engagement and improved ... Parental Involvement in Homework: A Review of Current Research and Its In 2001 we reviewed research on parental involvement in children's homework (Hoover-Dempsey et al., 2001). The review focused on understanding why parents become involved in their children's homework, what strategies they employ, and how involvement contributes to student learning. Research on public attitudes towards the use of AI in education Methodology In-person workshops . We engaged a total of 36 parents/carers (referred to as "parents" throughout) and their children aged 11-18 (36 in total) in six-hour long workshops. Buss: Rochester teachers seek protection from parents That could include notes taken during class or homework, presumably. ... which actively encourages parental involvement in schools, and rubs against the idea of learning as a partnership between ... PDF Responsible Technology Adoption Unit and Department for Education homework, exam scripts) being used to improve AI tools. This research aimed to create a space for pupils and parents to learn about and ... and concern around government involvement. 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