domestic violence dissertation uk

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23/26 Effectiveness of interventions aimed at preventing domestic abuse

Published: 07 March 2023

Version: 1.0 Feb 2023

This commissioning brief was first advertised in Autumn 2021. We are still interested in receiving applications in this research area as it remains a priority in our portfolio. Figures in this commissioning brief have been updated to reflect the most recent data from the Crime Survey for England and Wales.

Research question(s)

• What interventions are effective in preventing domestic abuse and its health impacts?

Domestic abuse is described as an incident or pattern of incidents of controlling, coercive, threatening, degrading and violent behaviour, including sexual violence. In the majority of cases, these crimes are committed by a partner or an ex-partner, but the perpetrator may alternatively be a family member or carer. Domestic abuse is a common and largely hidden crime with long-lasting physical and mental health impacts for the people who experience it, and their families.

Estimates from the Crime Survey for England and Wales (year ending March 2022) show that 5% of adults aged 16 years and over (2.4 million adults) experienced domestic abuse in the previous 12 months; such abuse usually occurring in the home. However, these figures are very likely to be an underestimate; domestic abuse is under-reported to the police and in surveys. It has been reported that at least one in seven children and young people under the age of 18 years will have lived with domestic abuse at some point in their childhood.

Domestic abuse is a crime that disproportionately affects women, who are more likely to experience multiple incidents of abuse and sexual violence. Domestic abuse is rooted in inequitable social and cultural attitudes, roles, values and norms which enable abuse and violence against women and girls to be perpetrated. Society’s understanding and response to domestic abuse therefore needs to be located in the wider context of male violence against women and girls.  

Research has highlighted the urgency of implementing and evaluating early preventative actions with young people that focus on the deconstruction of current gender patterns and breaking cycles of abuse. Research is needed on interventions for specific population groups for whom there are gaps in the evidence base. There is also a need for research on specific types of approaches, for example technology-based approaches. Evaluations of interventions aimed at people who perpetrate domestic abuse is also lacking.

The Public Health Research (PHR) Programme is predominantly interested in the evaluation of interventions operating at a population level rather than at an individual level, which should address health inequalities and the wider determinants of health. Researchers should clearly describe the target population in their application. The PHR Programme recognises that interventions are likely to impact different (sub)populations in different ways, and encourages researchers to explore such disparities in their study design. Interventions may be aimed at people who experience domestic abuse or people who perpetrate domestic abuse.

We recognise that this call is broad and that there are many research areas of interest listed below. We invite researchers to be targeted in their research application.

The research areas of interest include (but are not limited to):

• Research into the effectiveness of interventions aimed at preventing (recurrence of) domestic abuse:
• Interventions aimed at victims/survivors or perpetrators.
• Evaluations that consider effectiveness from the perspective of people who have experienced domestic abuse.
• Preventative interventions aimed at children and/or adolescent populations.
• School-based preventative interventions involving families and local communities.
• By-stander interventions.
• Primary and/or secondary prevention programmes.
• Evaluations of interventions that challenge the norms/myths/stereotypes that perpetuate abuse.
• Evaluations of interventions that take a whole-systems approach to prevent domestic abuse.
• Evaluations of multi-level interventions.
• Evaluations of interventions focused on population groups for whom there are gaps in the evidence base, for example: migrants, LGBTQ+ groups, deaf and disabled people, older people (including older people living in care settings or sheltered accommodation), and people from ethnic minority groups.
• Evaluations of interventions focused on preventing domestic violence during pregnancy.
• Evaluations of interventions focused on preventing adolescent-to-parent violence.
• Evaluations of interventions focused on men who experience domestic abuse.
• Research of interventions that are delivered by multi-agency partnerships.
• Research into the effectiveness of different types of interventions in the short, medium and long term and their effectiveness at meeting different needs of people who have experienced domestic abuse.
• Evaluations of preventative interventions delivered digitally.
• Evaluations of interventions designed to prevent or reduce technology-facilitated domestic abuse such as digital coercive control.
• Research examining the effectiveness of public awareness campaigns and social marketing programmes (research shows that campaigns could be appropriate but multiple methods need to be employed to get the messages across - digitally, but also through other methods via local support services).
• Evaluations of interventions that focus on support for/from family and friends and the local community.
• Research of interventions that also target issues that may co-occur with domestic abuse (and which may represent modifiable risk factors), such as substance use or mental

Of particular importance to the PHR Programme is an understanding of inequalities in access to, and engagement with, services by different ethnic minority groups in the UK. Evaluations of interventions seeking to reduce health inequalities experienced by ethnic minority groups are also of specific interest to the PHR Programme.

The PHR Programme is also interested in evaluations of community-level interventions that seek to improve health and wellbeing by acting to increase the degree of choice and agency for the population that is the focus of the research.

A range of study designs and outcome measures can be used. Researchers will need to identify and justify their chosen methodological approach. Researchers will also need to specify key outcomes and how these will be measured in the short, medium, and long term. Primary outcomes must be health related. As part of this, the PHR Programme would also be interested in explorations of factors that support or hinder access to non-NHS support services.

Understanding the value of public health interventions – whether the outcomes justify their use of resources – is integral to the PHR Programme, where resources relating to different economic sectors and budgets are potentially relevant. The main outcomes for economic evaluation are expected to include health (including health-related quality of life) and the impact on health inequalities as a minimum, with consideration of broader outcomes welcomed. Different approaches to economic evaluation are encouraged as long as they assess the value and distributive impact of interventions. Applications that do not include an economic component should provide appropriate justification.

Researchers should ensure that there is involvement from people with lived experience of domestic abuse in the design of the research and in the research team. Applicants will need to assure the PHR Programme that the research team includes, or has access to, either representatives from organisations working in the domestic abuse field or researchers with prior expertise within this field. We will consider inclusion of experts as costed members of the study team if appropriately justified. The PHR Programme expects applicants to be familiar with the Research Integrity Framework on Domestic Violence and Abuse which has been developed by the four UK Women’s Aid federations in collaboration with academic researchers.

Researchers should demonstrate the relevance of their proposed research to people who have experienced domestic abuse (and their families, carers and support networks); to charities dedicated to working in the domestic abuse field and/or working to support women and girls who have experienced male violence; and to local decision-makers and other relevant national and third sector organisations. Researchers are expected to be aware of other studies in this area and ensure their proposed research is complementary. This is a rapidly evolving policy field and applicants need to be aware of relevant strategies and developments.

For further information on submitting an application to the PHR Programme, please refer to the Stage 1 guidance notes and PHR supporting information. These can be found by clicking on the relevant commissioned call on the main funding opportunities page . This also includes closing dates and details about how to apply.

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Doctoral theses, the limitations of the legal response to domestic violence in england and wales: a critical analysis.

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The police response to domestic violence: Risk, discretion, and the context of coercive control

Myhill, A. (2018). The police response to domestic violence: Risk, discretion, and the context of coercive control . (Unpublished Doctoral thesis, City, Universtiy of London)

This thesis examines the issue of police response to domestic violence. It advances theory on this topic by applying the concept of coercive control to better understand the risk profile of domestic violence that comes to the attention of the police, and police officers’ use of discretion when identifying, recording and responding to domestic violence incidents.

The research questions for the thesis are:(1) Can cases of coercive control be identified in national population surveys, and, if so, to what extent is coercive control gendered and more harmful than other forms of domestic violence?, (2) Is coercive control the most common form of domestic violence reported to the police?, (3) What degree of discretion do officers exercise when responding to cases of domestic violence?, and (4) What factors influence police officers’ responses at the scene of incidents of domestic violence?

The thesis is structured around four published journal papers. Paper 1 uses national population survey data to show that coercive control is experienced primarily by women, and is more harmful than other forms of domestic violence. Paper 2 uses data from risk assessments to show that coercive control is the most common form of domestic violence that comes to the attention of the police. Using data from force systems, Paper 3 suggests frontline officers retain considerable discretion in relation to identifying and recording cases of domestic violence. Paper 4 uses in-depth interviews with officers alongside case-files to suggest that while officers are now more aware of policies such as presumptive arrest they are prepared to ignore such policies when they believe an incident is not serious; officers’ conceptions of what is serious were primarily incidents that involved physical violence and injury.

I conclude that legislation to criminalise coercive control presents an opportunity to change officers’ conceptions of domestic violence and what constitutes threat and risk. I call for a reconceptualisation of the research agenda on domestic violence to focus initially on observational study in order to understand better the factors that influence police response.

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53 Best Dissertation topics on domestic violence & Examples

If you are worried about your dissertation topics on domestic violence, contact us. We have a list of dissertation topics on domestic violence and other various fields. Also, we can help with history and human rights topics. In addition, you can find a range of the latest undergrad and master’s thesis topics. Let us help you in completing your research successfully.

Best Dissertation Topics on Domestic Violence for masters and undergraduate students

Here is the list of dissertation topics on domestic violence for college students:

• Psychiatric treatment effect on domestic violence trauma on the victim – case review
• What are the emotional factors associated with domestic violence? – a literature review
• To analyze the triggers which affect domestic victims and the coping strategies.
• To study the victim of child abuse – a survey analysis.
• To explore the elderly domestic violence – a case analysis in the UK
• Do you think the change in law and order can reduce domestic violence?
• Impact of ethnic background on Domestic violence – a literature review
• To study the difference in domestic violence in rural and urban areas.
• To evaluate the role of media in creating awareness of domestic violence.
• To study male domestic violence in developed countries.
• Study on the survivors of domestic violence – survey analysis
• Can a domestic violence survivor live a normal life?
• What triggers the child abuse survivors? – an emotional survey review
• Partners domestic violence rate in the UK.
• Study of Domestic Violence in Asian countries.
• An analysis of the effects on life and behavior of children who face domestic violence daily in their life.
• Study on normal children and children who went through domestic violence.
• Study on male domestic abuse – the causes and impact on their personality and behaviour
• How to save people from domestic violence? – strategies and approaches.
• An analysis of campaigns to protect people from abusers of domestic violence.
• To study the comparison between child abuse and elderly abuse.
• Study on the workload of a domestic violence victim.
• Can animal abuse affect the mind of children? An observational review
• To study domestic violence children victim behavior.
• What do you think of the sexual molestation of children by their father? Does this count as domestic violence?
• To explore porn effects in the minds of people.
• What is the best time to walk away from an abusive relationship? According to abuse survivors.
• A country with domestic violence victims – A UK analysis
• What is the role of UNA in Domestic violence?
• Alcoholic people are mostly domestic violence abusers.
• Different types of Domestic violence reported in the Asian countries – a comparative analysis
• A systematic review of domestic violence rate in Pakistan and India in the past 10 years.
• What is the recent initiative taken by the government to suppress domestic violence in the country?
• A study on victims of domestic violence turns into abusers.
• To study Statistical changes in domestic violence since the ’90s.
• What are the long-term effects on domestic violence victims?
• Should create an Online survey for the people who are living or facing the same situation.
• How do give immediate protection to the victims? – medical facilities and security.
• Make victims feel safe – a comparative analysis of strategies.
• Is depression permanent for domestic victims? – a survey analysis.
• To study domestic violence victims who choose suicide as a relief from their pain.
• Victims choose drugs as a relief from their pain – what do health practitioners recommend?
• To explore different religions preaching about Domestic violence.
• Study on victim-blaming – a survey review in the UK market?
• Study to syndromes which occur from domestic violence.
• Lack of education is also a cause of Domestic violence.
• Caregiver violence to people with disabilities – case reviews
• To study domestic violence in cross cultures – a secondary analysis
• Religious punishment for domestic abusers – a case review
• To investigate sibling abuse. What is the reason behind sibling abuse?

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Tyreek Hill's timeline of trouble: From a domestic violence arrest in college to Sophie Hall lawsuit with Dolphins

Tyreek Hill has established himself as one of the best and most electric players in the NFL, but the ride to the top of the league has been a bumpy one.

Hill has periodically found himself in trouble during his NFL career to date. He was accused of domestic violence during his college days, notched allegations of child abuse with the Chiefs and has made headlines with off-field altercations during his time with the Dolphins.

Hill's latest incident involves Instagram model Sophie Hall, who claims that Hill broke her leg while running football drills at the receiver's mansion in June 2023. That incident occurred just eight days after Hill's allegedly assaulted a marina employee in Miami Beach, Fla.

There's little doubt that Hill has talent. He posted 119 catches in 2023 and led the league in both receiving yards (1,799) and receiving touchdowns (13).

But as Hill again finds himself subject to a potential NFL investigation of his actions, it's worth looking at his checkered past. That's especially true considering that red flags surrounded him — and took him off many draft boards across the league — when he joined the NFL ranks in 2016.

MORE: Tyreek Hill offers support of teammate Jaylen Waddle, says he's ahead of curve in growth

Below is an overview of the trouble Hill has faced during both his college and professional careers to date:

Tyreek Hill domestic assault in college

After a couple seasons at Garden City Community College, Hill chose to play Division-I football at Oklahoma State in 2014. But he would only play one season for the Cowboys thanks to his arrest on domestic violence charges.

Crystal Espinal, Hill's girlfriend who was eight weeks pregnant with his child, told police an argument late on the night of Dec. 12, 2014, at Hill's Stillwater home escalated to physical violence. Espinal said she was choked by Hill, who also punched her in the stomach and the face. Still in pain in her stomach, she said she was concerned about the baby.

Hill spent the night in jail and on the next day was charged with felony domestic assault and battery by strangulation. That day, Oklahoma State announced it had dismissed Hill from the football and track programs. 

"Oklahoma State University does not tolerate domestic abuse or violence," the school said in a statement.

Hill initially pled not guilty. In August, represented by a new defense attorney after reportedly failing "to meet monetary obligations" with Cheryl Ramsey, Hill pleaded guilty to the charges and, thanks to a plea agreement with the district attorney’s office, received three years on probation. 

According to The Oklahoman , "the plea agreement was eventually reached thanks in part to Hill’s voluntary efforts. Along with more than $1,000 in fines and court costs, a DNA sample, two years of state supervision, and proof of employment or student status, Hill’s probation requires he complete an anger management course and a 52-week Batterer’s Intervention Program."

In 2015, West Alabama coach Brett Gilliland allowed Hill to join the football team. He played only one season for the Tigers before entering the 2016 NFL Draft.

Espinal eventually gave birth to Hill's son.

Tyreek Hill NFL Draft controversy

Hill was not invited to the NFL Combine and, due to his 2014 arrest, was not expected to be drafted. The Chiefs were willing to take the risk after Hill ran a 4.25-second 40-yard dash at his pro day.

Kansas City drafted Hill in the fifth round of the 2016 NFL Draft at No. 165 overall.

"I just want everybody to understand that we have done our due diligence with regards to full vetting each one of our draft-class members,” said then-general manager John Dorsey, via The Kansas City Star . "We would never put anybody in this community in harm’s way.”

Added Chiefs coach Andy Reid: "There has to be a certain trust here, but there’s just things that we can’t go into and go through. We want people to understand, like Dorse said, we’re not going to do anything to put this community or this organization in a bind. We uncovered every possible stone that we possibly could, and we feel very comfortable with that part of it."

Many Kansas City fans were upset with the selection. At rookie minicamp in May 2016, Hill told reporters he understood their concerns.

"The fans have every right to be mad at me," Hill said. "I did something wrong. I let my emotions get the best of me, and I shouldn’t have did it. They have every right to be mad.

"But guess what? I’m fixing to come back, be a better man, be a better citizen, and everything takes care of itself, and let God do the rest."

Dominating as a punt returner and a receiver, Hill earned three Pro Bowl selections and two All-Pro nods in his first three NFL seasons. Then, before the 2019 season, he found himself in trouble yet again.

MORE: Tyreek Hill wonders why he is 'catching strays' after Chiefs' Super Bowl win

Tyreek Hill child abuse investigation

On March 15, The Kansas City Star reported Hill was  under police investigation for battery involving him and Espinal's 3-year-old son, who had suffered a broken arm. By this time, Espinal had become Hill's fiancee.

The Chiefs said they were aware of the situation but allowed Hill to participate in the team's offseason program in April. The investigation led to Hill and Espinal temporarily losing custody of their son. On April 25, the Johnson County, Mo., district attorney announced that neither Hill nor Espinal would be charged with child abuse, but that a crime had occurred and the investigation remained active. The DA could not prove who did what to the child.

The NFL said it would wait until the Kansas Department of Children and Families concluded its own probe of the allegations before conducting its own investigation.

"I love and support my family above anything," said Hill, who maintained all along he was innocent of committing a crime, via his attorney's statement. "My son's health and happiness is my number one priority. I want to thank the Kansas City Chiefs, my attorneys, my agent and my union for supporting me through this. My focus remains on working hard to be the best person for my family and our community I can be, and the best player to help our team win."

The next night, during the first round of the 2019 NFL Draft, a Kansas City TV station released a recording of Hill and Espinal talking about what happened to their son, the criminal investigation into alleged abuse and how they handled it.

A portion of the Tyreek Hill audio with Crystal Espinal: Espinal: "What do you do when the child is bad? You make him open up his arms and you punch him in the chest." Hill: “You do use a belt. That’s sad,” Hill said. “Even my mama says you use a belt.” — Terez A. Paylor (@TerezPaylor) April 26, 2019

Espinal: "He's terrified of you." Hill: "You need to be terrified of me too, b****." — Terez A. Paylor (@TerezPaylor) April 25, 2019

Early the next morning, the Chiefs suspended Hill indefinitely. GM Brett Veach said Hill would not take part in any team activities "for the foreseeable future." Chiefs CEO and chairman Clark Hunt broke his silence on the saga that Saturday, saying the team would make the "right decision ... at the right time."

Hill's attorney issued a four-page statement to the NFL that dismissed the child abuse claims levied against Hill by Espinal. It was unclear at the time to what extent the league was investigating the matter.

"We will not interfere with that," NFL commissioner Roger Goodell told media in late May. He added that the league had not yet interviewed Hill , citing the ongoing court proceeding as the reason, but that it planned to do so.

On June 7, prosecutors said the child abuse probe involving Hill was no longer an active investigation , confirming that Hill would not face charges. Later that month, Yahoo! Sports reported Hill was scheduled to speak with the NFL. That meeting, on June 26, reportedly lasted eight hours. Unnamed sources told Yahoo! it was a "positive" day for Hill.

On July 19, the NFL declared Hill would not be suspended as a result of the league's investigation, which according to a release had been ongoing since the beginning of the saga despite the NFL's claim it was leaving the matter to local law enforcement. Below is the league's explanatory statement in full:

"Over the past four months, we have conducted a comprehensive investigation of allegations regarding Kansas City Chiefs wide receiver Tyreek Hill. Throughout this investigation, the NFL's primary concern has been the well-being of the child. Our understanding is that the child is safe and that the child's ongoing care is being directed and monitored by the Johnson County District Court and the Johnson County Department for Children and Families. "In conducting our investigation, we have taken great care to ensure that we do not interfere with the county's proceedings or compromise the privacy or welfare of the child in any way. The information developed in the court proceeding is confidential and has not been shared with us, and the court has sealed all law enforcement records. Local law enforcement authorities have publicly advised that the available evidence does not permit them to determine who caused the child's injuries. "Similarly, based on the evidence presently available, the NFL cannot conclude that Mr. Hill violated the Personal Conduct Policy. Accordingly, he may attend Kansas City's training camp and participate in all club activities. He has been and will continue to be subject to conditions set forth by the District Court, Commissioner Goodell, and the Chiefs, which include clinical evaluation and therapeutic intervention. "If further information becomes available through law enforcement, the pending court proceeding, or other sources, we will promptly consider it and take all appropriate steps at that time."

The NFL's decision not to discipline Hill stunned many in and around the league. The surprise stemmed not from the alleged violence — even though the NFL's disciplinary process does not carry the same burden of proof as the legal system does — but from the threatening language in the recording. In particular: "You need to be terrified of me, too, dumb b—."

Said NFL spokesman Brian McCarthy: "When viewed in the context of the full 11-minute, 27-second audio recording and all other information gathered, the statement did not rise to a level of warranting discipline under the personal conduct policy."

MORE: NFL not suspending Tyreek Hill is a surprise — yet, also not a surprise

Tyreek Hill assault allegations, settlement

On June 20, 2023, the Miami-Dade Police Department released a statement announcing that Hill was involved in an altercation  at Haulover Marina in Miami Beach, Fla.

Hill was accused of slapping an employee in the back of the head following a "disagreement."

A police report obtained by USA TODAY outlined that Hill and another man were fishing for tarpon off the marina dock, which was illegal. Then, two women in Hill's party boarded a docked boat before paying for services, which upset the boat's captain.

Hill's responses to the captain? "I can buy you and the boat" and "I’m No. 10 of the Miami Dolphins."

The alleged victim also claimed that one of Hill's associates offered him $200 following the incident.

Miami-Dade Police investigated the alleged assault and battery but announced on June 21 that it was declining to pursue charges against Hill. The victim retained the right to pursue criminal charges through the state attorney's office.

Eventually, Hill reached an undisclosed settlement with the alleged victim to prevent that. And in August of 2023, the NFL announced that it would not punish Hill for his latest off-field misstep.

MORE: What to know about 2023 assault allegations against Tyreek Hill

Tyreek Hill broken leg lawsuit

On Feb. 27, 2024, it was revealed that Hill is facing a lawsuit from Instagram model Sophie Hall, who claims that the Dolphins receiver broke her leg while she participated in a football drill at his mansion.

The alleged incident occurred on June 28, 2023 — just eight days after Hill's altercation at the marina — according to a copy of the lawsuit obtained by the Daily Mail .

"Defendant Hill invited Ms. Hall to participate in offensive drills with him," the complaint reads. "Defendant Hill told her that 'since her 10-year-old son played offensive lineman, she should practice that position as well."

The lawsuit noted that the drills took place in a "playful" manner. However, Hall claims that Hill was "humiliated" after she was able to "hold her own" against him and even knock him back, on occasion. That led the "enraged" 29-year-old receiver to charge at her with "crushing force."

Hill then "forcefully and purposefully shoved Ms. Hall, severely fracturing her leg," which left her in "excruciating pain."

Hall's lawsuit against Hill contains pictures of her X-rays and screenshots of Hill's DMs to her. The Instagram model also  posted a video of herself  in a wheelchair and cast last July, a few weeks after the alleged incident.

Hall had surgery as a result of the injury, has weekly physical therapy sessions and still experiences persistent pain in her leg, as outlined in the lawsuit. Her attorneys also referenced Hill's checkered past without referencing any specific transgressions in the lawsuit.

"Defendant Hill's aggression towards Ms. Hall is consistent with his history of violent and aggressive behavior towards women," the lawsuit reads.

Tyreek Hill detainment 2024

Just hours before the Dolphins' 2024 season opener, Hill was detained by police outside of Miami's Hard Rock Stadium for a driving violation. 

A bystander caught the arrest on video, where Hill is seen in handcuffs with multiple officers at the scene. 

TYREEK HILL ARRESTED BEFORE OPENING KICKOFF RIGHT OUTSIDE HARD ROCK STADIUM #nfl #nflopeningday #fantasyfootball #espn #miami #MiamiDolphins pic.twitter.com/9MtCikLMcS — Nolan (@NolanFried73315) September 8, 2024

In addition, ESPN's Adam Schefter posted a video showing Hill in handcuffs, laying on his stomach on the ground. 

Video of Tyreek Hill’s arrest today: pic.twitter.com/Kope2Ma6tk — Adam Schefter (@AdamSchefter) September 8, 2024

ESPN's Jeff Darlington reported that Hill was "cited for reckless driving as a result of his incident outside the stadium with police." Hill reportedly got into a "verbal altercation with police" after he was pulled over. As a result the officer "chose to place Hill in handcuffs" and he was "cited and released after the situation was deescalated."

TSN's Jacob Camenker and Bryan Murphy also contributed to this report.

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• UK Visas and Immigration

Migrant victims of domestic abuse concession (accessible)

Updated 5 September 2024

© Crown copyright 2024

This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected] .

Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned.

This publication is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/victims-of-domestic-violence/migrant-victims-of-domestic-abuse-concession-accessible

About this guidance

This guidance explains the eligibility criteria to apply for temporary permission to stay in the UK under the Migrant Victims of Domestic Abuse Concession (MVDAC) formerly known as the Destitute Domestic Violence Concession (DDVC).

If you have any questions about the guidance and your line manager or senior caseworker cannot help you, or you think that the guidance has factual errors, then please email Domestic Violence Immigration Policy.

If you notice any formatting errors in this guidance (broken links, spelling mistakes and so on), or have any comments about the layout or navigability of the guidance, then please email the Guidance Rules and Forms team.

Publication

Below is information on when this version of the guidance was published:

• version 4.0 (formerly titled destitute domestic violence concession (DDVC))
• published for Home Office staff on 04 April 2024

Changes from last version of this guidance

This guidance has been updated to reflect changes to the Immigration Rules made in Statement of Changes HC 590, laid on 14 March 2024.

Introduction

This concession provides a short period of independent immigration status and financial support to certain partners who are victims of domestic abuse, allowing them to leave an abusive relationship to a position of safety and support. During this three-month period of permission to stay the victim must do one of the following to address their immigration status:

• apply for permission to stay in a relevant immigration route
• apply for settlement on form SET (DV) where they are eligible to do so under Appendix Victim of Domestic Abuse (Appendix VDA)
• make arrangements to leave the UK

This concession (which previously only provided for a victim of domestic abuse in the UK with permission as a partner under Appendix FM or Appendix Armed Forces) was expanded from 16 February 2024 to provide a three-month period of status and temporary support to a migrant victim of domestic abuse in the UK as a dependent partner of a migrant in the UK with permission on a work route or as a student. This is in addition to the previous policy of providing the same period of immigration status and temporary support to a victim of domestic abuse in the UK with permission as a partner under Appendix FM or Appendix Armed Forces (Appendix VDA from 31 January 2024).

This policy extension responds to the findings of the Support for Migrant Victims (SMV) Scheme (initially run as a pilot between July 2021 and July 2022, to support migrant victims of domestic abuse who do not have access to public funds to access safe accommodation).

From 4 April 2024, the eligibility for the Migrant Victims of Domestic Abuse Concession (MVDAC) was further expanded to include a spouse, civil partner or durable partner under Appendix EU with pre-settled status under the EU Settlement Scheme (including where that was granted or is now held on the basis of retained rights), and their dependent children.

The policy does not provide for all victims of domestic abuse and not everyone granted permission under this concession will be eligible to apply for settlement under Appendix VDA.

Policy intention

The overall intention of the policy is to protect eligible migrant victims of domestic abuse and their children, and thus support the most vulnerable by:

• providing an eligible victim of domestic abuse a period of 3 months’ permission to stay independent from their partner
• providing an ability to apply for recourse to public funds to enable financial support where required
• facilitating an application for permission to stay in a relevant immigration route, apply for settlement on form SET (DV) as a victim of domestic abuse if eligible under Appendix VDA, or make plans to leave the UK during a short period of lawful status, financial stability and support from specialist services

This is a policy concession outside the Immigration Rules, due to the unique nature of the applications and speed in which decisions must be taken to best support eligible victims.

This policy does not provide for migrants here with status in their own right, such as students and workers, who already have status independent from their abuser and should be financially independent as assessed in their initial application to enter the UK and can retain their current status if they choose, with additional support from the SMV scheme and the charity sector available. Nor does the policy provide for illegal entrants or those who entered the UK temporarily, for example as a visitor who overstayed, as it would be contradictory to the Government’s overall approach to illegal migration.

Any previous permission held is varied automatically upon being granted permission under the Migrant Victims of Domestic Abuse Concession (MVDAC).

Eligibility

This page tells you the requirements which must be met for an applicant to qualify for temporary permission outside the immigration rules, under the Migrant Victims of Domestic Abuse Concession (MVDAC).

For the purpose of this guidance, the definitions are the same as those set out in the Domestic Abuse Act 2021, and in the Domestic Abuse Statutory Guidance .

Eligibility for this concession is limited to those who are, or have last been granted permission as, one of the following:

• a partner under Appendix FM (except for permission as a fiancé or fiancée or proposed civil partner) of a person who is a British citizen, settled in the UK or a European Economic Area (EEA) national in the UK with limited leave to enter or remain granted under paragraph EU3 of Appendix EU on the basis of meeting condition 1 in paragraph EU14 of Appendix EU
• a spouse, civil partner or durable partner under Appendix EU with limited leave to enter or remain as a family member of a relevant EEA citizen (or of a qualifying British citizen), as a joining family member of a relevant sponsor or as a family member who has retained the right of residence, granted under paragraph EU3 or EU3A of that Appendix
• a partner under Appendix FM, Part 11, or Appendix Family Reunion (Protection) of a person with permission as a refugee
• a partner of a person present and settled in the UK under paragraph 285 or 295E of Part 8
• a partner under Appendix Armed Forces or Part 7 (except for permission as a fiancé or fiancée or proposed civil partner) of a person who is or was a member of HM Armed forces
• or as a partner of a person with permission to enter or stay on a work route or as a student
• the applicant’s relationship has broken down due to them being a victim of domestic abuse
• the applicant requires a short period of permission to stay independent from their sponsor partner or lead student or worker applicant
• the applicant wants the option to apply for access to public funds

EU Settlement Scheme (EUSS)

A person may be granted limited leave to enter or remain under Appendix EU (also referred to as pre-settled status under the EUSS) as a spouse, civil partner or durable partner of a relevant EEA citizen (or of a qualifying British citizen or relevant sponsor), where they are, or for the relevant period were, party to a marriage, in a civil partnership or in a durable partnership, with that relevant EEA citizen, qualifying British citizen or relevant sponsor. This means that they can apply under this route where they were granted pre-settled status as the spouse, civil partner or durable partner of that person (including where they have since become a ‘family member who has retained their right of residence’ under Appendix EU, by virtue of their relationship with that person) or where they were granted pre-settled status as a ‘family member who has retained the right of residence’ under Appendix EU.

Other than dependent children, other family members who have or last had pre- settled status under the EUSS are ineligible under this route. Any family members who have or last had an EUSS family permit are also ineligible under this route.

For more information on how the EUSS and the EUSS family permit provide for victims of domestic abuse, under those routes. For more information, see the section ‘A family member who has retained the right of residence’ in EU Settlement Scheme: EU, other EEA and Swiss citizens and their family members and EU Settlement Scheme Family Permit and Travels Permit.

Work routes

Most of the categories under the Immigration Rules relate to work. Not all work routes allow for dependent partners to be granted permission, but, where they do, those partners are included under this concession.

A work route is defined broadly as any route that involves an economic purpose. It includes long standing routes such as UK Ancestry, closed routes such as Turkish worker / businessperson and newer routes such as High Potential Individual.

Work routes can all be found on the work in the UK page at GOV.UK.

By way of an exception, dependent partners under the Hong Kong British National (Overseas) route are excluded from eligibility under this concession. That is because they can apply for further permission and settle independently of their partner on the Hong Kong British National (Overseas) route after a relationship breaks down and they can make a change of conditions application should they need access to public funds.

Applicants can include any dependent children under the age of 18, or who are aged over 18 at the date of application if they were last granted permission as the dependent child of their parent or parents and are not leading an independent life, who need to apply for 3 months’ permission under the concession. This is most likely to be when the dependent child is also reliant on the partner’s sponsor for their immigration status. In all cases, a parent of the child must have been, or is at the same time being, granted permission under the concession.

If a dependent child already has settlement or is a British citizen but is included on the form, then you should disregard this.

Application process

This page describes the application process.

A person seeking permission to stay under the Migrant Victim of Domestic Abuse Concession (MVDAC) must complete and submit the LOTR (DVV) form to the Home Office at [email protected] .

Postal applications will be accepted, although processing times are likely to be longer. Postal applications should be sent to:

DV Duty Officer Permanent Migration Department 84 Level 4 The Capital Old Hall Street Liverpool L3 9PP

As part of the notification form LOTR (DDV) , an applicant must sign the declaration confirming that they give their consent for the Home Office to disclose details of their case to any third parties to assist them in their application, such as a refuge, social services, legal representatives or the Department for Work and Pensions.

You must confirm receipt of the notification by email where possible. The Home Office aims to process notifications within 5 working days of receipt.

Deciding an application

This page tells you about deciding an application for permission to stay under the Migrant Victim of Domestic Abuse Concession (MVDAC).

Granting permission to stay

Those who meet the criteria of the MVDAC must be granted leave outside the rules (LOTR) for three months on conditions permitting employment with no prohibition on recourse to public funds (code 1A). This will vary any permission currently held by the applicant.

You must send them a letter which confirms you have granted LOTR and issue a status document conferring that status by way of a biometric residence permit (BRP).

You should confirm in that letter whether the applicant is eligible to make an application for settlement under Appendix VDA via form SET(DV) or whether they are not eligible to do so. The letter granting LOTR will inform applicants that they must submit any further application, including a SET(DV) if eligible, before the expiry date of their permission. If an application is validly made before the expiry date, the applicant will benefit from section 3C leave until their application is decided.

If an applicant fails to submit another application before the expiry date of their permission and has not already left the UK, they will become an overstayer, losing entitlement to public funds, and may be removed from the UK.

You must inform the applicant in that letter they should make a separate application to the Department for Work and Pension (DWP) to receive public funds which will be assessed against the normal DWP criteria.

A grant of permission under the MVDAC is recognition that an applicant declared themselves a victim of domestic abuse who required immigration status independent from their partner because of the relationship breaking down because of domestic abuse, with recourse to public funds where eligible, and does not guarantee that any subsequent application for permission under the Immigration Rules will be granted.

Where the person has made an in-time application (where they hold extant permission or status at the date of application), and the permission or status expires before a decision is made, that permission, or status and associated conditions will be extended by Section 3C of the Immigration Act 1971 (Section 3C leave) until they receive their decision. This protects a person who makes an in-time application to extend their permission from becoming an overstayer while they are awaiting a decision on that application and while any appeal or administrative review they are entitled to is pending.

For example, if a person with 3 months LOTR under the MVDAC with an expiry date of 10 May 2024, makes a valid SET (DV) or other immigration application on or before 10 May 2024, their LOTR will continue automatically until they receive a decision on their immigration application. If the immigration application is refused, and the applicant has a right of administrative review or appeal which they exercise within the specified deadline, the LOTR will continue automatically until the administrative review or appeal is concluded.

Refusing permission to stay

This page tells you how to refuse an application under the Migrant Victim of Domestic Abuse Concession (MVDAC).

If the applicant fails to meet the criteria to qualify for permission to stay under the concession you must:

• notify the applicant in writing
• return all documents
• update Home Office records

If an applicant applies under the MVDAC when they already have permission under the concession, then that application should be refused.

Reconsiderations

There is no right of appeal or administrative review against a refusal under this concession, or an automatic right for a refusal to be reconsidered. Requests should only be reconsidered where it is suggested that the policy has been incorrectly applied. Any reconsideration must be agreed by a senior caseworker.

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