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Unit 3 - Written Assignment
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Theories That Affect Motivation & Their Contributions
BUS 5113 Organizational Theory and Behavior Dr. Samara Rasmussen December 02, 2020
Among the important theories that have contributed to and increased our understanding of motivation, I would select Marlow’s Hierarchy of Needs, McClelland’s Learned Needs Theory, and Skinner’s Reinforcement Theory. First, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory exhibited that a human being is motivated and driven to achieve a particular goal subject to fulfilling a specific needs and continues to be motivated as his needs are fulfilled subsequently. Marlow has presented it as a “Hierarchy of Needs” and suggested as specific needs that is fulfilled before the motivation is furthered to the next level: 1st level : Physiological needs such as air, food, and shelter 2nd level : Safety needs such as protection from and out of danger 3rd level : Social needs such as belongingness and to be accepted by others 4th level : Esteem needs such as achievement and recognition 5th level : Self-actualization such as the development and expressing one’s self According to Marlow, self-actualization is the highest level of need that one desires in life, a sense of self-fulfillment. Second theory is McClelland’s Learned Needs Theory . As Knowledgehut (2019) presented it, McClelland's theory affirmed that there are three motivating factors in human motivation. That these three “needs” are within us in nature and is not according to any gender or age. McClelland also affirmed that there is one dominant among these drivers which is influenced by our life experiences. The three motivators are as follows: 1) Achievement - individual’s need to accomplish something to show competence 2) Affiliation - individual’s need to love, be loved, and be liked by others 3) Power - individual’s need to show his position or control to other individual
at Skinner's approach, an individual will behave which bottom line is that they will be able to achieve the consequences that they wanted to attain. Let’s take for example the Positive Reinforcement Strategy. When you reward an individual to encourage repetition of the behavior exhibited, that individual will be motivated to repeat the same so as to achieve or get another or the same reward. Which means, the individual’s action still aims to achieve a goal. Another example is using the Punishment Reinforcement which punishes an individual if they have displayed undesirable behavior so that the same behavior will not occur again. The fact that the individual will not repeat the same behavior, that said individual aimed not to be penalized. On the other hand, these theories have differences, too. While Maslow and McClelland are both needs based on internal forces of motivation, Skinner is outer motivation. And while Maslow believed that the motivation of individuals is according to hierarchy of five basic needs, McClelland and Skinner do not follow any hierarchical structure. But overall, these theories have contributed, one way or another, not on an individual basis but somehow connected to one another. Among the three, I believe that Maslow’s Theory is the one that best fits my personal and developmental journey. Looking at the hierarchical structure of needs, I feel that I have been through those phases in my personal and professional life. As I have indicated in the discussion forum, currently my major source of motivation comes not from money, but the people who are working for and relying from the company. The idea that I am able to help others in my own little way gives me satisfaction and keeps me going despite how tough things are.
References:
- Employee Motivation Tutorial. (n.). Retrieved November 30, 2020, from tutorialspoint/employee_motivation/index.htm
- KnowledgeHut. (2019, February 27). Motivation Theories [5 Famous Motivation Theories]. Retrieved November 30, 2020, from knowledgehut/tutorials/project-management/motivation-theories
- Laegaard, J. & Bindslev, M. (2006). Organizational theory (1st ed). Ventus Publishing & Bookboon.
- McClelland's Need-Based Model. (n.). Retrieved November 30, 2020, from tutorialspoint/motivating_skills/motivating_skills_mcclellands_nee d_based_model
- The SHRM learning system: For SHRM-CP/SHRM-SCP . (2016). Alexandria, VA: Society for Human Resource Management.
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Course : Organizational Theory and Behavior (BUS 5113)
University : university of the people.
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Resources: Discussions and Assignments
Module 11 assignment: motivation, preparation.
Your text introduced you to many famous leaders and theorists in the subject of employee motivation. Each was notable for the different studies and/or theories they analyzed and professed. In this assignment, your mission is to match key definitions, theories, or concepts with the leaders or theorists who promoted them. The following steps will help you prepare for your written assignment:
- Thoroughly read the Motivation module.
- As you read, note the key concepts and definitions of each theory and the author or leader who is most often associated with it.
Click the link to download on of the following formats:
- Motivation Assignment (.docx)
- Motivation Assignment (PDF)
Read the answer choices in the left column and the definition, associated terms, or key concepts in the center column. Complete the table by inserting the correct answer choice in the far right column. Hint: Each definition has only one correct theory or person. Submit your completed table for grading.
Your assignment will be graded on the basis of number of correct matches out of a total of 24.
Candela Citations
- Assignment: Motivation. Authored by : Betty Fitte and Lumen Learning. License : CC BY: Attribution
