research papers on pharmaceutical chemistry

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Pharmaceutics articles from across Nature Portfolio

Pharmaceutics is the scientific discipline concerned with the process of creating the dosage form (such as a pill for oral administration or a powder for intravenous injection) of a therapeutic that is to be used by patients. It encompasses drug formulation and manufacturing.

Latest Research and Reviews

The small molecule inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro EDP-235 prevents viral replication and transmission in vivo

In this study, the authors report the small molecule inhibitor EDP-235 as a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 and show that it is effective against a range of variants and other coronaviruses and that it suppresses virus replication, reduces lung damage, and prevents transmission in small animal models.

• Michael H. J. Rhodin
• Archie C. Reyes

A preoperative dose of the pyridoindole AC102 improves the recovery of residual hearing in a gerbil animal model of cochlear implantation

• Michael Nieratschker
• Erdem Yildiz
• Hans Rommelspacher

Synthetic extremophiles via species-specific formulations improve microbial therapeutics

A high-throughput screen of substances generally recognized as safe identifies species-specific materials that stabilize live microbial therapeutics as powders, making them robust to pharmaceutical manufacturing workflows.

• Miguel Jimenez
• Johanna L’Heureux
• Giovanni Traverso

System-agnostic prediction of pharmaceutical excipient miscibility via computing-as-a-service and experimental validation

• Georgios S. E. Antipas
• Regina Reul
• Lukasz Miroslaw

Enhancing hepatoprotective action: oxyberberine amorphous solid dispersion system targeting TLR4

• Tingting Chen
• Yaoxing Dou

Design of a covalent protein-protein interaction inhibitor of SRPKs to suppress angiogenesis and invasion of cancer cells

The binding and phosphorylation of serine–arginine-rich (SR) proteins by SR protein kinases (SRPKs) is essential to regulate target gene expression, however, the efficient inhibition of this interaction and phosphorylation remains underexplored. Here, the authors develop a covalent inhibitor that targets the lysine residue within the SRPK-specific docking groove, to block interaction and phosphorylation of the prototypic SR protein SRSF1.

• Jacky Chi Ki Ngo

News and Comment

Stopping the bleed when platelets don’t stick.

Defects in platelet adhesion at sites of injury can lead to excessive bleeding. A study by Gandhi et al. investigates a new bispecific antibody as a possible therapy to prevent bleeding in patients with inherited defects in platelet adhesion.

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• Dougald M. Monroe

Fast, instrument-free and low-cost selection of high-affinity aptamers

We designed a method for fast aptamer selection by integrating biomaterials science, engineering principles and biology. Aptamer candidates dynamically interacting with immobilized targets in a three-dimensional, non-fouling and macroporous polyethylene glycol hydrogel were rapidly enriched and selected with high affinity against five protein targets.

Clinical translation of radiotheranostics for precision oncology

Radiotheranostics combines disease-specific molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy. We present new and promising targets, tracers and isotopes for radiotheranostics and outline the road to clinical translation of the 177 Lu–LNC1004 radiopharmaceutical, which has recently been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for a phase I clinical trial.

• Jingjing Zhang
• Tianzhi Zhao
• Xiaoyuan Chen

Distinguishing and predicting drug patents

Drug patents are different. To improve their quality ex ante, regulators can use predictive models.

• Colleen V. Chien
• Nicholas Halkowski
• Jeffrey Kuhn

Biosimilar anti-VEGF—Yardsticks to ensure biosimilarity

• Ashish Sharma
• Nikulaa Parachuri
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Faricimab phase 3 DME trial significance of personalized treatment intervals (PTI) regime for future DME trials

• Nilesh Kumar
• Carl D. Regillo

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RSC Medicinal Chemistry

The journal for research and review articles in medicinal chemistry and related drug discovery science

You can find details about how to access information remotely in this step-by-step guide . The guide will also help if for any reason you have difficulty accessing the content you want.

What would you like to know about this journal?

RSC Medicinal Chemistry  is a Transformative Journal and Plan S compliant

Impact factor: 4.1*

Time to first decision (all decisions): 10.0 days**

Time to first decision (peer reviewed only): 30.0 days***

Editor-in-Chief: Mike Waring

CiteScore: 5.8****

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Meet the team

Journal scope.

RSC Medicinal Chemistry publishes significant research in medicinal chemistry and related drug discovery science.

Research articles published in this journal must show a breakthrough or significant advance on previously published work, or bring new thinking or results that will have a strong impact in their field.

Examples of areas within the journal's scope are:

• Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel chemical entities or biotherapeutic modalities. To be suitable for publication these must exhibit significant potential as new pharmacological agents, tools, probes or potential drugs.
• Modifications of known chemical entities or biotherapeutic modalities that result in a significantly greater understanding of their structure-activity relationships, an improvement of their properties or provide other information of significant value, for example, the identification of a new target or mode of action for a known agent. Routine modifications with minimal or no improvement are not suitable for  RSC Medicinal Chemistry .

• Novel methodologies and technologies in the broader chemical and biological sciences (for example, enabling synthetic chemistry, chemical biology, -omics sciences, nanoscience) with application to drug discovery, target identification or elucidation of the mechanism of action. Biological studies should present sufficient innovation with respect to the chemistry.
• Computational studies are welcome where they significantly advance medicinal chemistry knowledge. Studies that use established computational methods should include an original prediction and be accompanied by new experimental data which validates the prediction made. Studies that report novel computational methodology must demonstrate its use in medicinal chemistry through comparison with experimental data. Computational research that does not clearly relate the results obtained to experimental data or that has no demonstrated utility (or where the utility is unlikely to advance the field significantly) is not suitable for RSC Medicinal Chemistry. Docking studies presented without experimental data are not suitable for publication in the journal.
• Studies that examine the effect of the molecular structure of a compound on pharmacokinetic behaviour and pharmacodynamics.
• Studies that present new insights into drug design based on analysis of existing experimental datasets or new theoretical approaches if supported by experimental evidence.
• Studies presenting new drug delivery systems with novel chemical agents are welcomed, in particular those that involve chemical modification of the delivery system of conjugation with novel delivery vectors. Those that focus solely on formulations of known drugs are not suitable for publication in RSC Medicinal Chemistry.

Note that studies where new or existing compounds are tested as pharmacological agents will only be considered if they are carried out in the presence of clear positive and negative controls. Studies of this type should include a clearly defined and hypothesis-driven compound design rationale. Potential antimicrobial agents should be tested for cytotoxicity and activity against non-related pathogens.

To help editors and referees assess the significance of each submitted manuscript we ask all authors on submission to provide a brief statement of significance. This should contain one sentence to summarise the most important finding(s) in the manuscript and a second sentence to say why this is a significant advance in the field. This significance statement should focus specifically on the importance of the piece of research being submitted, rather than the importance of the field.

RSC Medicinal Chemistry Lectureship award

This Lectureship celebrates outstanding early career researchers who have made significant contributions in the fields of medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. The RSC Medicinal Chemistry Lectureship is awarded annually through a process whereby nominations of candidates are invited from our community.

You can read about eligibility, how to nominate, deadlines for nominations and see all of our lectureship winners.

Find out who is on the editorial and advisory boards for the  RSC Medicinal Chemistry  journal.

Editor-in-chief

Mike Waring , Newcastle University, UK

Associate editors

Cynthia Dowd , George Washington University, USA

Maria Duca , Université Côte d’Azur - CNRS, France

Sankar K. Guchhait , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), India

Sally-Ann Poulsen , Griffith University, Queensland, Australia

Jian Zhang , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China

Editorial board members

Hayley Binch , Hoffman-La Roche, Switzerland

Paola Castaldi , MatchPoint Therapeutics, USA

Lyn Jones , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, USA

Jean-Louis Reymond , University of Bern, Switzerland

Timor Baasov , Israel Institute of Technology, Israel

Andreas Bender , University of Cambridge, UK

Julian Blagg , Institute of Cancer Research, UK

Margaret Brimble , University of Auckland, New Zealand

Mark Bunnage , Vertex, USA

Christopher Burns , Certa Therapeutics, Australia

Andrea Cavalli , University of Bologna, Italy

Young-Tae Chang , POSTECH, South Korea

James Crawford , Altos Labs, USA

Matthew Duncton , Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc

Stephen Frye , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA

Matthew Fuchter , Imperial College London, UK

Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova , University of Kentucky, USA

Jayanta Haldar , Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, India

Gyoonhee Han , Yonsei University, Korea

Mike Hann , GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK

Christian Heinis , EPFL, Switzerland

Laura H. Heitman , Leiden University, Netherlands

Yoshinori Ikeura , Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Japan

Ahmed Kamal , NIPER, Hyderabad, India

Robert Langer , MIT, USA

Steven V Ley , University of Cambridge, UK

María Luz López Rodríguez , Complutense University of Madrid, Spain

Christa Muller , University of Bonn, Germany

Roberto Pellicciari , University of Perugia, Italy

David Rees , Astex Therapeutics, Cambridge, UK

Motonari Uesugi , Kyoto University, Japan

John C Vederas , University of Alberta, Canada

Paul Wender , Stanford University, USA

Zhen Yang , Peking University, China

Ming-Qiang Zhang , Amgen, Shanghai, China

Katie Lim , Executive Editor

Harriet Riley , Deputy Editor

Emily Cuffin-Munday , Development Editor

Sarah Anthony , Editorial Production Manager

Nicola Burton , Publishing Editor

Tom Cozens , Publishing Editor

Ryan Kean , Publishing Editor

Roxane Owen , Publishing Editor, ORCID  0000-0002-4553-233X

Lauren Yarrow-Wright , Publishing Editor

Andrea Whiteside , Publishing Assistant

Sam Keltie , Publisher, Journals, ORCID  0000-0002-9369-8414

Article types

RSC Medicinal Chemistry  publishes:

• Research articles
• Review articles

Research article

All new research in  RSC Medicinal Chemistry  is published in the Research article format. Research articles have no page limits, although most articles fall between 4 and 10 journal pages (approximately 10–25 pages of double-spaced text). Research Articles encompass both full paper and communication styles. Where a communication style article is submitted the work should be of enough importance to merit urgent publication before the full study is complete. In all cases authors should provide the same level of experimental detail and data (full details of requirements can be found in the “Journal Specific Guidelines” section below).

Research findings should be presented in an informative way, emphasising the importance and potential impact of the research. Authors should limit experimental procedures and data in the main text to a maximum two journal pages (approximately 5 double-spaced pages), with all additional experimental information and data placed in the electronic supplementary information (ESI).

Authors are particularly encouraged to prepare a title and abstract which concisely summarise the key findings of their research and their importance, avoiding the use of non-standard abbreviations, acronyms and symbols, as this will enable potential readers to quickly understand the significance of the research. Authors should also consider using recognisable, searchable terms, as around 70% of our readers come directly via search engines. The table of contents graphic should give the reader a clear indication of the topic of the study, for example by showing key compounds.

Authors are encouraged to use the article template, available from our  Author templates & services page , for preparing their submissions. However, the use of the template for Research article submissions is not essential.

Additional guidance on the layout and formatting of the article and supplementary information can be found on our  Prepare your article page .

Review article

These are easy-to-read articles covering current areas of interest for a broad medicinal chemistry audience. They are a concise and critical appraisal of an area in medicinal chemistry or a related topic, typically 6-12 pages in length. We also welcome shorter, mini-review style articles under this article type.

Reviews should focus on the key developments that have shaped the topic, rather than comprehensive reviews of the literature. Authors are encouraged to summarise important findings instead of re-iterating details already available in the primary work and should provide summary figures instead of multiple figures from original manuscripts, where appropriate.

Authors should include their own perspective on developments and trends, and the final paragraphs should discuss future directions, particularly identifying areas where further developments are imminent or that are in urgent need of being addressed.

Please note that Reviews should include balanced coverage of the field and not focus predominantly on the author’s own research.

Opinions are short, personal viewpoints on a topic of current interest to the community. They can be speculative in nature and stimulate counter-opinion, provided that they are not defamatory to the work of others. They should contain rigorous, evidence-backed scientific justification, and bring significant and valuable insights to the field.

Opinions are typically three to four pages in length and are normally published by invitation of the  RSC Medicinal Chemistry  Editorial Board or Editorial Office. Opinions undergo a rigorous and full peer review procedure, in the same way as Research and Review articles.

Comments and Replies are a medium for the discussion and exchange of scientific opinions between authors and readers concerning material published in  RSC Medicinal Chemistry .

For publication, a Comment should present an alternative analysis of and/or new insight into the previously published material. Any Reply should further the discussion presented in the original article and the Comment. Comments and Replies that contain any form of personal attack are not suitable for publication. 

Comments that are acceptable for publication will be forwarded to the authors of the work being discussed, and these authors will be given the opportunity to submit a Reply. The Comment and Reply will both be subject to rigorous peer review in consultation with the journal’s Editorial Board where appropriate. The Comment and Reply will be published together.

Transparent peer review

As part of our commitment to transparency and open science,  RSC Medicinal Chemistry  is now offering authors the option of transparent peer review, where the editor’s decision letter, reviewers’ comments and authors’ response for all versions of the manuscript will be published alongside the article under an  Open Access Creative Commons licence (CC-BY) .

Reviewers will remain anonymous unless they choose to sign their report.

Find out more about our transparent peer review policy

Journal specific guidelines

Human and animal welfare.

When a study involves the use of live animals or human subjects, authors must include in the 'methods/experimental' section of the manuscript a statement that all experiments were performed in compliance with the relevant laws and institutional guidelines, and must state the institutional committee(s) that has approved the experiments. A statement that informed consent was obtained for any experimentation with human subjects is required. Reviewers may be asked to comment specifically on any cases in which concerns arise.

More information on the Royal Society of Chemistry journals’ ethical policies can be found in our Author responsibilities page .

Disclosure of chemical structures

Chemical structures should be reported in the manuscript if that structure is necessary to understand the paper or repeat an experimental or computational procedure. Chemical structures should not be blanked out. In certain cases the non-disclosure of chemical structures may be acceptable, and these are considered on a case-by-case basis by the Associate Editor.

Experimental methods and data

Sufficient details of experimental or computational procedures should be included such that a scientist skilled in the art would be able to reproduce the results presented. The synthesis of all new compounds must be described in detail. Descriptions of synthetic procedures must include the specific reagents and solvents employed and must give the amounts (g, mmol) used. Products yields (%) must be reported together with a clear statement of how the percentage yields were calculated. The final physical state (solid; amorphous; liquid; solution) of the product should be disclosed. Where compounds are synthesised as part of an array or library a representative synthesis will be sufficient.

Authors should limit experimental procedures and data to two journal pages (approximately 5 double-spaced pages), with all additional experimental information and data placed in the electronic supplementary information (ESI).

Characterisation of organic compounds

Characterisation levels should be consistent with the importance of the compound to the conclusion of the work:

• For all tested compounds purity should be at least 95%, confirmed by either 1 H/ 13 C NMR data (with spectrum presented in the supplementary file), HPLC, GC, electrophoresis or elemental analysis. Further characterisation data should be supplied where available
• For key compounds (those which are subject to further study beyond initial screening), additional data should include 1 H NMR data (with spectrum presented in the supplementary file) and LC-MS data. Further data such as 13 C NMR, IR, CHN data and HRMS data should be supplied if available
• For chiral compounds, when used as a non-racemate, specific rotation and evidence of enantiomeric purity via chiral HPLC or derivatisation to diastereoisomeric compounds/use of chiral shift reagents should be given. Where HPLC is used conditions employed should be supplied including column type, flow rate, solvent system and detection method
• For compounds made as part of an array that are not considered key compounds, LC-MS data is sufficient.
• For compounds generated through combinatorial methods, lead compounds should be characterised to the same standards as compounds generated through standard synthetic procedures.
• For known compounds, an original reference to previously reported data should be cited; however authors should also include any new, previously unpublished characterisation data that have been obtained for known compounds.

Characterisation of biomolecules (For example, enzymes, peptides, proteins, DNA/RNA, oligosaccharides, oligonucleotides)

Authors should provide evidence for the identity and purity of the biomolecules described. The techniques that may be employed to substantiate identity include the following:

• Mass spectrometry
• Sequencing data (for proteins and oligonucleotides)
• High field 1 H, 13 C NMR
• X-ray crystallography

Purity must be established by one or more of the following:

• Gel electrophoresis
• Capillary electrophoresis
• High field 1 H, 13 C NMR.

Sequence verification should also be provided for nucleic acid cases involving molecular biology. For organic synthesis involving DNA, RNA oligonucleotides, their derivatives or mimics, purity must be established using HPLC and mass spectrometry as a minimum. For new derivatives comprising modified monomers, the usual organic chemistry analytical requirements for the novel monomer must be provided. However, it is not necessary to provide this level of characterisation for the oligonucleotide into which the novel monomer is incorporated.

Novel macromolecular structures and newly reported nucleic acid or protein sequences and microarray data must be deposited with the appropriate database. Articles will not be published until the relevant accession number has been provided. These codes should be quoted in the experimental section of the manuscript. Microarray data should be MIAME compliant.

All Western blot and other electrophoresis data should be supported by the underlying raw images. The image of the full gel and blot, uncropped and unprocessed, should be provided in the supplementary information on submission. All samples and controls used for a comparative analysis should be run on the same gel or blot.

When illustrating the result, any cropping or rearrangement of lanes within an image should be stated in the figure legend and with lane boundaries clearly delineated. Alterations should be kept to a minimum required for clarity.

Each image should be appropriately labelled, with closest molecular mass markers and lanes labelled. All details must be visible, over or underexposed gels and blots are not acceptable. Authors should be able to provide raw data for all replicate experiments upon request.

Biological data

Biological test methods should be described in sufficient detail such that a scientist skilled in the art would be able to reproduce the results presented. Forms of administration as well as physical states and formulations should be noted. Doses and concentrations should be expressed as molar quantities (for example, mol kg -1 , µmol kg -1 , M, µM). For those compounds found to be inactive, the highest concentration ( in vitro ) or dose level ( in vivo ) tested should be indicated. For in vivo studies vehicle information should be supplied.

Quantitative biological data are required for all test compounds. It is expected that all tested compounds would be 95% pure and shown to be so using standard methods. Active compounds from combinatorial syntheses should be re-synthesised and retested to verify biological activity. In these cases experimental procedures and characterisation data as described above should be provided. Known or standard compounds or drugs should be tested under the same experimental conditions for the purpose of comparison (as a positive control). Data may be presented in tabulated form or as graphs; extensive data for compounds should be presented in the electronic supplementary information. Authors should use a number of significant figures that is relevant to the accuracy of the data. Information about the error associated with biological data, for example standard deviation or SEM, should be provided along with the number of experimental determinations.

Pan Assay Interference (PAINS) Compounds

In cases where potential assay interference compounds (for example covalent modifiers, luminescent molecules, redox active compounds, metal chelators, membrane disruptors or unstable compounds which can decompose to form active compounds)are reported as being active, authors should provide evidence in the experimental section that this activity is genuine and is not due to an artefact. For more information about interference compounds see JB Baell and GA Holloway, J. Med. Chem. 2010, 53 , 2719-2740.

Computational studies

Details of the types of computational studies that are suitable for publication in RSC Medicinal Chemistry are given in the “Scope” section above.

Computational methods should be described in sufficient detail such that a scientist skilled in the art would be able to reproduce the results presented. Where computational studies are accompanied by experimental results (for example to validate a prediction) those experimental procedures and data should also be described in detail (see guidelines for experimental procedures above). Where an existing computational method is used authors should provide reasoning why this is appropriate for their study.

QSAR & QSPR studies

Studies which report new methodology or theory should be validated against at least one other common data set for which a study using another method has been published previously. Standard studies must be accompanied by new experimental data which tests their predictive power. To be considered for RSC Medicinal Chemistry  such studies should demonstrate significant potential to advance the field of medicinal chemistry. Any data or structures which are used to carry out a QSAR or QSPR study should either be made available as supplementary material, or be freely available elsewhere with a reference to the location included in the manuscript.

Statistical analysis

In articles where there is large-scale statistical analysis one of the named authors should be a statistician.

Guidelines on writing titles, abstracts & table of contents entry

The title, abstract and table of contents entry (graphical abstract) are the first parts of your manuscript that editors, referees and potential readers will see, and once published they play a major part in a researcher’s decision to read your article. Therefore it’s important that these clearly and concisely show the main findings of your research and why they are important.

The title should be short and straightforward to appeal to a general reader, but detailed enough to properly reflect the contents of the article.

• Keep it relatively short – between 8 and 15 words is ideal
• Use easily recognisable words and phrases that can be read quickly 
• Use general terms for compounds and procedures rather than specific nomenclature or very specialised terms
• Avoid using non-standard abbreviations and symbols
• Avoid using subjective terms such as “novel”
• Use keywords and familiar, searchable terms – these can increase the chances of your article appearing in search results. Around 70% of our readers come directly via search engines.

The abstract is a single paragraph which summarises the findings of your research. It will help readers to decide whether your article is of interest to them.

• The length can vary from 40 to 150 words, but it should always be concise and easy to read, with recognisable words and phrases.
• It should set out the objectives of the work, the key findings and why this research is important (compared to other research in its field).
• It should emphasise (but not overstate) the significance and potential impact of the research in your article.
• Avoid including detailed information on how the research was carried out. This should be described in the main part of the manuscript.
• Like your title, make sure you use familiar, searchable terms and keywords.

Table of contents entry

A table of contents entry (graphical abstract) is required, which should be submitted at the revision stage. This should include an eye-catching graphic and 1-2 sentence(s) of text to summarise the key findings of the article to the reader. It will appear in the table of contents and feeds – for example, RSS feeds.

The graphic should:

• Be simple, but informative.
• Capture the reader’s attention (the use of colour is encouraged).
• Include a structure, scheme, graph, drawing, photograph or combination that conveys the message of the article. Please note, complex schematics or spectra should be avoided.
• Be original, unpublished artwork created by one of the co-authors. Preferably, the graphic should not be reused and appear again within the article.
• Be suitable for, and uphold the standards of, a scholarly publication that has a global reach.
• Not contain any elements that are offensive or inappropriate, in particular words or images that are discriminatory.
• Not contain large amounts of text. Text should be limited to the labelling of compounds, reaction arrows and diagrams, with long phrases or sentences being avoided. Any text should be clearly legible to a reader.
• Not contain logos, trademarks or brands names.

The text should:

• Be concise and focus only on the key findings of the manuscript and their importance, not the processes used; think about what would grab the attention of the potential reader and would encourage them to read the full article.
• Avoid repeating or paraphrasing the title or abstract.
• Use easily recognisable words and phrases that can be read quickly.

Table of contents specifications:

• The figure should be a maximum size of 8 cm wide x 4 cm high.
• Figures should be supplied as TIFF files, with a resolution of 600 dpi or greater.
• The text supplied should be 1-2 sentences long, using a maximum of 250 characters.

Injectable peptide hydrogels for controlled-release of opioids From DOI:  10.1039/C5MD00440C

Drug trapping in hERG K +  channels: (not) a matter of drug size? From DOI:  10.1039/C5MD00443H

Structural hybridization of three aminoglycoside antibiotics yields a potent broad-spectrum bactericide that eludes bacterial resistance enzymes From DOI:  10.1039/C5MD00429B

Rigid amphipathic nucleosides suppress reproduction of the tick-borne encephalitis virus From DOI:  10.1039/C5MD00538H

Vast numbers of prevalent aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes undermine the clinical use of aminoglycoside antibiotics. We present the design and synthesis of a potent broad-spectrum bactericidal aminoglycoside based on available X-ray co-crystal structures within the ribosomal binding-site. The resulting antibiotic displays broad protection of its functional groups from inactivation by clinically relevant resistance enzymes.

From DOI:  10.1039/C5MD00429B

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are associated with various diseases, especially during aging and the development of diabetes and uremia. To better understand these biological processes, investigation of the in vivo kinetics of AGEs, i.e., analysis of trafficking and clearance properties, was carried out by molecular imaging. Following the preparation of Cy7.5-labeled AGE-albumin and intravenous injection in BALB/cA-nu/nu mice, noninvasive fluorescence kinetics analysis was performed. In vivo imaging and fluorescence microscopy analysis revealed that non-enzymatic AGEs were smoothly captured by scavenger cells in the liver, i.e., Kupffer and other sinusoidal cells, but were unable to be properly cleared from the body. Overall, these results highlight an important link between AGEs and various disorders

From DOI:  10.1039/C6OB00098C

A screen of 20 compounds identified small molecule adjuvants capable of potentiating antibiotic activity against  Francisella philomiragia . Analogue synthesis of an initial hit compound led to the discovery of a potentially new class of small molecule adjuvants containing an indole core. The lead compound was able to lower the MIC of colistin by 32-fold against intrinsically resistant  F. philomiragia .

From DOI:  10.1039/C5MD00353A

Table of contents

Structural modifications through bioisosteric approach yielded fusidic acid analogues with 2–35 folds increase in antiplasmodial activity as compared to fusidic acid. From DOI: 10.1039/C5MD00343A

The combination of flow chemistry and computational tools has been successfully applied to prepare a focused library of tricyclic tetrahydroquinolines endowed with drug-like properties. From DOI:  10.1039/C5MD00455A

A screen of 20 compounds identified small molecule adjuvants capable of potentiating antibiotic activity against  Francisella philomiragia . From DOI:  10.1039/C5MD00353A

A platinum complex/peptide chimera shows specific DNA binding and covalent platination with potential as a novel chemotherapeutic. From DOI:  10.1039/C5OB01885D

Open access publishing options

RSC Medicinal Chemistry  is a hybrid (transformative) journal and gives authors the choice of publishing their research either via the traditional subscription-based model or instead by choosing our gold open access option.  Find out more about our Transformative Journals. which are Plan S compliant .

Gold open access

For authors who want to publish their article gold open access , RSC Medicinal Chemistry  charges an article processing charge (APC) of £2,750 (+ any applicable tax). Our APC is all-inclusive and makes your article freely available online immediately, permanently, and includes your choice of Creative Commons licence (CC BY or CC BY-NC) at no extra cost. It is not a submission charge, so you only pay if your article is accepted for publication.

Learn more about publishing open access .

Read & Publish

If your institution has a Read & Publish agreement in place with the Royal Society of Chemistry, APCs for gold open access publishing in RSC Medicinal Chemistry  may already be covered.

Use our journal finder to check if your institution has an open access agreement with us.

Please use your official institutional email address to submit your manuscript and check you are assigned as the corresponding author; this helps us to identify if you are eligible for Read & Publish or other APC discounts.

Traditional subscription model

Authors can also publish in RSC Medicinal Chemistry via the traditional subscription model without needing to pay an APC. Articles published via this route are available to institutions and individuals who subscribe to the journal. Our standard licence allows you to make the accepted manuscript of your article freely available after a 12-month embargo period. This is known as the green route to open access.

Learn more about green open access .

Readership information

Researchers in academia and industry studying medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, and topics in the wider chemical, biological and materials sciences with application to biological problems.

Subscription information

RSC Medicinal Chemistry  is part of the RSC Gold subscription package.

Online only 2024 : ISSN 2632-8682, £1,709 / $2,533

*2023 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2024)

**The median time from submission to first decision including manuscripts rejected without peer review from the previous calendar year

***The median time from submission to first decision for peer-reviewed manuscripts from the previous calendar year

****CiteScore™ 2023 available at   www.scopus.com/sources

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Recent Trends in Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry

Modern analytical chemistry plays a vital role in pharmaceutical sciences. It provides precise and accurate data supporting the processes related to drug discovery and development. Some examples include the purity of drug substances during synthesis, pharmacokinetic studies, drug stability, elucidation of the drug metabolic pathways, drug–protein interactions, etc. New methodologies, state-of-the art instrumentation and materials, and automated systems—offering precise and accurate analytical data—have become essential prerequisites in this field. Moreover, chemometrics have been proved to be a beneficial tool for the optimization of method parameters and can also identify and minimize the sources of variability that may lead to poor method robustness.

The present Special Issue comprises twelve full-length research articles covering the latest research trends and applications of pharmaceutical analytical chemistry. An interesting cell-based bioassay was proposed by the research group of C. Rao and J. Wang for the determination of the bioactivity of long-acting growth hormone as a potential alternative biopharmaceutical for the treatment of growth hormone deficiency [ 1 ]. The method is based on the usage of a luciferase reporter gene system, which is involved in the full-length human GH receptor (hGHR) and the SIE and GAS (SG) response element. The proposed protocol can be used in routine analysis and it was validated according to ICH guidelines and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

The research group of X.-S. Feng presented “ Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Alnustone in Rats after Intravenous Administration by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ” [ 2 ]. A simple and fast LC-MS/MS method was developed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution profiles of alnustone in rats. The sample preparation involved simple protein precipitation using acetonitrile. After the optimization of LC-MS/MS conditions, the method was fully validated according to the bioanalytical method validation guidance for industry (FDA). The authors concluded that alnustone is predominantly distributed in the lung and liver tissues within 1 h and therefore these tissues might be the target organs for the curative effect of the drug. Analogous research has been published by the same authors related to the “ Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Anwuligan in Rats after Intravenous and Intragastric Administration by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ” [ 3 ]. In contrast to their previous work [ 2 ], a liquid–liquid extraction-based sample preparation protocol was developed and optimized for the isolation of anwuligan from rat plasma and tissues with minimum matrix effects. According to their findings, the half-time elimination of the drug was relatively shorter after intragastric administration compared to the intravenous one. An interesting investigation was also published by the same researchers in their publication “ Interaction Effects between Doxorubicin and Hernandezine on the Pharmacokinetics by Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry ” [ 4 ]. One of the primary targets of the work was the development of an LC-MS/MS method for the determination of both drugs in rat plasma and also to compare their pharmacokinetic data after intravenous administration in rats. According to their findings, there were significant differences in the pharmacokinetic profiles—especially in the C max and AUC 0-∞ parameters of doxorubicin—indicating that hernandezine could improve the absorption of the anticancer drug. The outcome of this research might be used as clinical guidance for doxorubicin and hernandezine to prevent adverse reactions.

Dr. El-Nahhas et al., in their interesting contribution “ A Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Quantitative Method for Determination of Baricitinib in Plasma, and Its Application in a Pharmacokinetic Study in Rats ”, presented quantitation data from the determination of baricitinib in rat plasma [ 5 ]. A liquid–liquid extraction procedure with two extraction solvents (n-hexane and dichloromethane) was proposed for drug isolation from biological matrices, avoiding the potential enhancement or suppression of the MS signal. The authors investigated the separation of baricitinib and the internal standard under HILIC conditions, achieving a 3-min isocratic separation.

A sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method has been published by F.-H. Meng et al. in their interesting article entitled “ Development and Validation of a Sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS Method for the Measurement of Gardneramine in Rat Plasma and Tissues and Its Application to Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution Study ” [ 6 ]. Gardneramine is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid with an exceptional central depressive effect and actions on myocardium. The pharmacokinetic properties and tissue distribution of the selected drug have been thoroughly investigated after its intravenous administration. To support this task, the authors developed a fast UHPLC-MS/MS method in combination with simple protein precipitation for sample preparation.

Pharmacokinetic profiling data of thiopurine immunosuppressants and folic acid were provided by the research group of Mornar in the report entitled “ Pharmacokinetic Profiling and Simultaneous Determination of Thiopurine Immunosuppressants and Folic Acid by Chromatographic Methods ” [ 7 ]. The authors evaluated the pharmacokinetic profiling of azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine, and folic acid using various chromatographic techniques and in silico methodology. An HPLC method was also developed for the simultaneous determination of the analytes in their commercially available formulations.

An automated stopped-flow fluorimetric sensor based on zone fluidics was proposed by P. D. Tzanavaras et al. in their work “ Automated Stopped-Flow Fluorimetric Sensor for Biologically Active Adamantane Derivatives Based on Zone Fluidics ” [ 8 ]. One of the main scopes of the research was to develop an automated method for the fast determination of amantadine, memantine, and rimantadine for the quality control of their commercially available formulations. Interestingly, an amantadine-containing formulation obtained from a third—non-EU—country was found to be out of specification. These results were confirmed using a validated HPLC method.

Dr. Masadome and co-workers, in their article “ Determination of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride Using a Lactone-Rhodamine B-Based Fluorescence Optode ”, reported a new approach for the quantitation of polyhexamethylene biguanide using a lactone–rhodamine B fluorescence optode [ 9 ]. The analyte is a cationic polyelectrolyte which is used for disinfectants in contact lens detergents and sanitizers for swimming pools. The principle of the method is based on the fluorescence quenching of a lactone–rhodamine B-containing optode membrane caused by the analyte. The method is quite simple without using toxic reagents.

A high-throughput bar adsorptive microextraction for the analysis of ketamine and norketamine in urine has been proposed by J.M.F. Nogueira et al. in their interesting publication “ A Fast and Validated High Throughput Bar Adsorptive Microextraction (HT-BAμE) Method for the Determination of Ketamine and Norketamine in Urine Samples ” [ 10 ]. The identification and quantification of both drugs were performed using large-volume injection gas chromatography–mass spectrometry operating in the selected ion monitoring mode. A set of parameters that could influence the performance of the microextraction was investigated and optimized. The proposed analytical scheme has the possibility of performing parallel microextractions and the subsequent desorption of up to 100 samples in a single apparatus in just 45 min.

Dr. Markopoulou et al., in their study “ Partial Least Square Model (PLS) as a Tool to Predict the Diffusion of Steroids across Artificial Membranes ”, presented data regarding the ability of a drug to permeate human tissues using a partial least square-based statistical approach [ 11 ]. The researchers attempted to decode the drug permeability by correlating the apparent permeability coefficient of 33 steroids with their physicochemical and structural properties. The apparent permeability coefficient of the compounds was determined by in vitro experiments. The obtained models could be utilized to predict the permeability of a new drug candidate without animal experiments.

Last, but not least, Drs. Balayssac and Gilard and their colleagues in the publication “ Chemometric Analysis of Low-field 1H NMR Spectra for Unveiling Adulteration of Slimming Dietary Supplements by Pharmaceutical Compounds ” presented the development of a novel chemometric-based NMR approach for unveiling the adulteration of slimming dietary supplements [ 12 ]. The authors analyzed 66 dietary supplements using low-field 1 H-NMR to build the PLS model. The potential limitations of the proposed method consist of the poor sensitivity and the low spectral resolution of the low-field 1 H-NMR instrument.

As Guest Editors of this Special Issue, we are sincerely grateful to all the contributors for their outstanding cooperation and valuable support. Special thanks are also due to all the peer reviewers for their valuable suggestions and criticisms.

This research received no external funding.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Recent Trends in Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry

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A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section " Analytical Chemistry ".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2020) | Viewed by 45145

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Dear Colleagues,

Modern analytical chemistry plays a vital role in pharmaceutical sciences. It provides identification and quantification data supporting drug discovery, purity of drug substances during its synthesis, pharmacokinetic studies, drug stability, elucidation of the drug metabolic pathways, drug-protein interactions, etc. New methodologies, state-of-the art instrumentation and materials, automated systems - offering precise and accurate analytical data – have become an important prerequisite in this field. Furthermore, chemometrics is a useful tool for the optimization of method parameters and also to identify and minimize the sources of variability that may lead to poor method robustness.

The present Special Issue will include review and full-length research articles covering the latest research trends and applications of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry. Analytical scientists working on method development and validation, impurity profiling, pharmacokinetics, drug-protein/DNA interaction studies, bioanalysis, enantioseparation, etc are cordially invited to contribute a research or review article in this Special Issue. The degree of novelty and the significant of the research will be scrutinized prior to peer-reviewing process.

In the cases of review articles an additional brief (1-2 pages) description of the topic including a draft index is required. This preliminary step is essential to avoid overlapping of topics.

Dr. Constantinos K. Zacharis Dr. Aikaterini Markopoulou Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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• impurity profiling
• enantioseparation
• bioanalytical chemistry
• analytical quality by design (AQbD) - Chemometrics
• separation techniques (LC, GC, CE, SFC, LC x LC, etc)
• pharmacokinetics, Bioequivalence studies
• drug-protein/DNA binding studies
• quality control & stability
• sample preparation

Published Papers (13 papers)

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We announce that starting in 2022, Pharmacy Reports will publish two issues yearly.

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Pharmacy Reports is an open-access journal publishing peer-reviewed research in the pharmacy field, covering topics in pharmaceutics, biomedicine, pharmaceutical chemistry, bioinformatics, natural product, pharmacology and toxicology, and clinical pharmacy.

Pharmacy Reports  invites you to submit papers, covering topics in:

• pharmaceutics:  pharmaceutical technology, drug delivery system
• biomedicine : molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology, microbiology, biotechnology
• pharmaceutical chemistry:  analytical chemistry, 
• medicinal chemistry:  drug design, drug synthesis, pharmacochemistry, bioinformatic
• natural product: fractionation, isolation, purification, and elucidation
• pharmacology and toxicology:  pharmacokinetics, toxicology
• clinical pharmacy:  therapeutic drug monitoring, adverse drug reaction, drug interaction
• pharmaceutical industry
• pharmacy education

 All submitted papers must not be previously published and not under consideration for publication elsewhere. 

Papers may be submitted as:

• research articles
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We will give the effort to publish your work by reviewing your article to meet the standard publication, improve the illustration, English editing/proofread even translating if you submit in Bahasa Indonesia. 

The ISSN number of Pharmacy Reports is 2798-9798 (online), registered in Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI) with letter number SK ISSN 0005.27989798/K.4/SK.ISSN/2021.08.

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Published by  Indonesian Young Scientist Group and UPN Veteran Jakarta

Sustainable synthesis of hydrogen peroxide

Using a cobalt-based, MOF-confined catalyst

29 July 2024

The research was performed by PhD student Dana Rademaker of Leiden University in the framework of a joint research grant obtained from the Materials for Sustainability (Mat4Sus) programme funded by the Dutch Research Council NWO. She was able to demonstrate a stable conversion for at least five hours, illustrating the potential of catalysts confined in MOFs to increase the selectivity and stability of electrocatalytic conversions.

An important bulk chemical

Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is an important bulk chemical that is used in various industrial processes, including paper bleaching, waste-water treatment, and the chemical synthesis of many specialty chemicals. At the same time, it is one of the most energy-intensive chemicals in the chemical manufacturing industry. Currently, it is obtained industrially using an energy- and waste-intensive anthraquinone cycling process which consumes energy of about 8 kWh/kg. Hence, sustainable alternatives for the energy intensive synthesis of H 2 O 2 are necessary.

Electrochemical H 2 O 2 production via the oxygen reduction reaction at neutral aqueous conditions may provide such an environmentally friendly alternative to the anthraquinone process. However, the oxygen reduction reaction towards H 2 O 2 is in competition with the oxygen reduction reaction towards H 2 O. Therefore, a selective catalyst is required that promotes the selective reduction of oxygen to H 2 O 2 .

Abstract (as published in the paper)

Sustainable alternatives for the energy intensive synthesis of H 2 O 2 are necessary. Molecular cobalt catalysts show potential but are typically restricted by undesired bimolecular pathways leading to the breakdown of both H 2 O 2 and the catalyst. The confinement of cobalt porphyrins in the PCN-224 metal-organic framework leads to an enhanced selectivity towards H 2 O 2 and stability of the catalyst. Consequently, oxygen can now be selectively reduced to hydrogen peroxide with a stable conversion for at least 5 h, illustrating the potential of catalysts confined in MOFs to increase the selectivity and stability of electrocatalytic conversions.

Paper details

Dana Rademaker, Stefania Tanase, Hongrui Kang, Jan Hofmann, Dennis Hetterscheid: Selective Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide by Confinement of Cobalt Porphyrins in a Metal-Organic Framework Chem. Eur. J., 2024, e202401339. DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401339

• Research group Stefania Grecea: Functional Materials (Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, UvA)
• Research group Dennis Hetterscheid: Molecular Complexes for Elect r ocatalysis (Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University)

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Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Promoting your work to the materials community: editor top tips for writing an effective research paper.

* Corresponding authors

a Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7001, USA E-mail: [email protected]

b School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland E-mail: [email protected]

c Electrochemical Process Engineering (EPE) Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India E-mail: [email protected]

d Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA E-mail: [email protected]

e Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Kostanz, Germany E-mail: [email protected]

Authors and editors alike want publications in the Journal of Materials Chemistry A to be visible to the community and to have strong impact in their respective fields and beyond. To help authors craft manuscripts that will be exciting, impactful and meaningful, and to withstand the test of time, the editors of J. Mater. Chem. A provide their tips and recommendations on structuring your paper to emphasise the new insights, rigour, and significance of your work.

Article information

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V. Augustyn, S. A. Cussen, S. Kundu, F. E. Osterloh and M. M. Unterlass, J. Mater. Chem. A , 2024,  12 , 17753 DOI: 10.1039/D4TA90097A

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Linking mechanochemistry with the green chemistry principles: Review article

• Arfelis, Sergi
• Martín-Perales, Ana I.
• Nguyen, Remy
• Pérez, Antonio
• Cherubin, Igor
• Len, Christophe
• Malpartida, Irene
• Fullana-i-Palmer, Pere

The need to explore contemporary alternatives for industrial production has driven the development of innovative techniques that address critical limitations linked to traditional batch mechanochemistry. One particularly promising strategy involves the integration of flow processes with mechanochemistry. Three noteworthy technologies in this domain are single-screw extrusion (SSE) and twin-screw extrusion (TSE) and Impact (Induction) in Continuous-flow Heated Mechanochemistry (ICHeM). These technologies go beyond the industrial production of polymers, extending to the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients, the fabrication of (nano)materials, and the extraction of high-added value products through the valorisation of biomass and waste materials. In accordance with the principles of green chemistry, ball milling processes are generally considered greener compared to conventional solvothermal processes. In fact, ball milling processes require less solvent, enhance reaction rates and reaction conversion by increasing surface area and substituting thermal energy with mechanochemical energy, among others. Special attention will be given to the types of products, reactants, size of the milling balls and reaction conditions, selecting 60 articles after applying a screening methodology during the period 2020–2022. This paper aims to compile and analyze the cutting edge of research in utilizing mechanochemistry for green chemistry applications.

• Mechanochemistry;
• Green chemistry;
• Organic synthesis;
• Nanomaterials;
• Metal-organic frameworks;
• Biomaterials

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Should scientists be paid when AI chatbots use their work?

By Dalmeet Singh Chawla 2024-08-02T08:30:00+01:00

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Scientists should be compensated and credited when artificial intelligence chatbots pull information from their papers, a collecting society has said. The call comes amid news that two major academic publishers sold access to their research papers and data to large tech firms to train their artificial intelligence models without consulting authors.

Earlier this month, some authors expressed shock when academic publisher Taylor & Francis sold access to its research as part of a one-year deal with tech giant Microsoft in exchange for £8 million, The Bookseller reported . Wiley, another scholarly publisher, also completed a content rights agreement with a large, undisclosed tech company, the company disclosed at the end of June.

The Authors’ Licensing and Collecting Society (ALCS) collects royalties annually from various organisations around the world including businesses, educational institutions and government agencies on behalf of its over 120,000 members. ALCS’s members include academic researchers, freelance journalists, literary authors, scriptwriters, audiovisual artists and more. This year, ALCS paid out around £44 million to its members.

Now, the collecting society is pushing for its members to be remunerated when chatbots such as ChatGPT use their work. Since ChatGPT surfaced in November 2022, there have been questions around the material the chatbots were trained on and sources the tools pull information from on the internet when answering questions.

‘It’s a very fair request,’ says computer scientist Ed Newton-Rix in Palo Alto, California, who founded the nonprofit Fairly Trained which trains and certifies generative AI companies on respecting copyright holders’ rights. ‘It’s a request that mirrors the demands being made not only across the publishing industry but across really all media industries at the moment.’

OpenAI, which built ChatGPT, and Microsoft, which built another chatbot called Copilot, are facing a number of lawsuits for mass copyright infringement. A number of media outlets have already signed copyright and technology development agreements with OpenAI.

‘It’s a problematic situation that needs solutions,’ says Richard Combes, head of rights and licensing at ALCS. ‘We don’t have a sort of clear regulatory infrastructure around generative AI because it’s quite new and moving fast and always developing.’

The questions the courts will have to consider are whether training AI on studies constitutes copyright infringement because chatbots don’t retain copies of papers in the traditional sense, notes Michael Mattioli , a law professor at Indiana University Bloomington. However, he asks, ‘if it’s copyright infringement, does some defence like fair use apply?’

It’s also true that the chatbots are not usually just regurgitating the content they read, Mattioli notes. Rather, they describe and summarise as best it can what they have read. ‘That’s sort of a distinct issue that might be relevant to scholars.’

According to recent analyses, academics themselves have also benefited from using chatbots to write scientific papers and conduct peer review. A 2023 survey of 1600 scientists found that nearly 30% of researchers had used AI to author studies and around 15% used it to write grant applications and literature reviews.

Compensation consideration

In February, a UK House of Lords Communications and Digital Committee released a report as part of their wider inquiry into generative AI. The report, which ALCS contributed to, emphasised the need to ‘empower rights holders to check if their data has been used without permission’.

The previous UK government had a process in place to bring together rights holders, copyright holders and the tech industry to reach a consensus on the best way forward, Combes says. However, that process was abandoned in the run-up to the election.

Combes adds that the process needs to resume to figure out how to compensate ALCS members for past unlicensed uses and work out an agreement for future licensed uses. ‘We want a framework that’s workable and is accepted by both people developing this technology and also people whose works are implicated,’ he says.

Any future deals struck with tech firms must be based on transparency around how many times a certain work is used so it’s possible to work out if copyright holders are being compensated appropriately, Combes says.

Newton-Rix says generative AI companies should have to make details about the data used to train their tools public. ‘If AI companies are allowed to do whatever they like with any data they like without any consent, you will never solve any of these problems,’ he says. Without consent, he adds, ‘there is no opportunity at all for rightsholders and creators to avoid being exploited’.

An OpenAI spokesperson declined to comment but pointed to a blog post , which notes that the tech firm is building Media Manager, a tool where copyright holders can clarify what content they own and confirm which of their works can be used to train AI tools. OpenAI plans to launch the tool in 2025 and hopes it will become an industry standard.

In June, ALCS launched a survey , asking its members if they would agree to their work being used to train chatbots and answer questions. Combes says he hopes to get feedback from academics given the concerns around the reliability and accuracy of AI.

Combes speculates that researchers participating in the survey may raise concerns about their work being misused, misquoted or referenced out of context by chatbots. ‘The academic community is certainly one that we want to learn from,’ he says. 

Editor’s note: The author of this article is an ALCS member but was not involved with the effort to get members compensated for AI uses of their work.

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