essay on village in bengali

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আমাদের গ্ৰাম - বাংলা রচনা | bengali essay on our village | bangla paragraph writing for class iii - vi.

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আমাদের গ্রাম - বাংলা রচনা | bengali essay on our village | bangla paragraph writing for class iii - vi.

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My Village Paragraph

Posted on 21st Nov 2021 07:42:33 PM Paragraph , Short Note

Bangladesh is a land of villages. Here 80% people live in villages. I also live in such a village. I am Rahim. The name of my village is Panamnagar. It is a well-known village in the district of Sathkhira. It is 10 kilometers away from the district town and 7 kilometers away from the Thana headquarters. The village is thickly populated. It has population of about 5 thousand. People of different classes live here. There are two primary schools, one high school, a post office and a Madrasa in our village. There is a free charitable dispensary in our village. The doctor in charge of it is a qualified one. So the people of our village enjoy good medical facilities. The village has an easy means of communication. I am proud that I am a native of this village. It is regarded as an ideal village in the locality.

My , Village , Composition , Writing

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নতুন শাড়ি স্বপ্নে দেখলে কি হয়

স্বপ্নে নিজেকে দেখলে কি হয় ইসলামিক ব্যাখ্যা

স্বপ্নে বিয়ে দেখলে কি হয়

Village life and city life paragraph ( বাংলা অর্থ সহ – সহজ ভাষায় ) কয়েক পড়াতেই মুখস্ত হবে.

village life and city life paragraph

Village life and city life are two very different ways of living. In a village, there are not many people, and they usually live in houses made of mud or bamboo. They usually grow their own food and have cows, goats, or chickens for milk and eggs. Villagers are very close-knit, and everyone knows each other. The air is fresh and clean, and there are many trees and fields. People in the village are usually very friendly and helpful to one another.

On the other hand, in a city, there are a lot of people, and they live in tall buildings and apartments. They usually buy their food from markets or supermarkets. There are not many trees or open spaces in the city, and the air can be polluted. People in the city are usually busy with work or school and may not have much time to socialize. However, there are more opportunities in the city for education, entertainment, and employment.

Both village life and city life have their advantages and disadvantages. In the village, life is simpler and more peaceful, but there are fewer opportunities. In the city, life is more exciting and diverse, but it can also be more stressful and crowded. It is up to each person to decide which kind of life they prefer.

গ্রামের জীবন এবং শহরের জীবন অনুচ্ছেদ

গ্রামের জীবন এবং শহরের জীবন দুটি সম্পূর্ণ ভিন্ন জীবনযাপনের উপায়। একটি গ্রামে, খুব বেশি লোক নেই এবং তারা সাধারণত মাটি বা বাঁশের তৈরি বাড়িতে থাকে। তারা সাধারণত তাদের নিজস্ব খাদ্য বৃদ্ধি করে এবং দুধ ও ডিমের জন্য গরু, ছাগল বা মুরগি থাকে। গ্রামবাসীরা খুব ঘনিষ্ঠ, এবং সবাই একে অপরকে চেনে। বাতাস তাজা এবং পরিষ্কার, এবং অনেক গাছ এবং ক্ষেত্র আছে। গ্রামের লোকেরা সাধারণত খুব বন্ধুত্বপূর্ণ এবং একে অপরের জন্য সহায়ক।

অন্যদিকে, একটি শহরে, প্রচুর লোক রয়েছে এবং তারা লম্বা বিল্ডিং এবং অ্যাপার্টমেন্টে বাস করে। তারা সাধারণত বাজার বা সুপারমার্কেট থেকে তাদের খাবার কেনেন। শহরে খুব বেশি গাছ বা খোলা জায়গা নেই, এবং বায়ু দূষিত হতে পারে। শহরের লোকেরা সাধারণত কাজ বা স্কুলে ব্যস্ত থাকে এবং সামাজিক হওয়ার জন্য তাদের খুব বেশি সময় নাও থাকতে পারে। তবে, শিক্ষা, বিনোদন এবং কর্মসংস্থানের জন্য শহরে আরও সুযোগ রয়েছে।

গ্রামের জীবন এবং শহরের জীবন উভয়েরই তাদের সুবিধা এবং অসুবিধা রয়েছে। গ্রামে, জীবন সহজ এবং আরো শান্তিপূর্ণ, কিন্তু কম সুযোগ আছে। শহরে, জীবন আরও উত্তেজনাপূর্ণ এবং বৈচিত্র্যময়, তবে এটি আরও চাপযুক্ত এবং জনাকীর্ণ হতে পারে। এটি প্রতিটি ব্যক্তির উপর নির্ভর করে যে তারা কোন ধরনের জীবন পছন্দ করবে।

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Bengali Rachana

Bengali rachana | বাংলা রচনা | class 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12.

Bengali Rachana or Bengali essay or বাংলা রচনা is a significant part of Bengali language at school levels and in higher level studies. We all know the fact that essay writing is an important part for enhancing the writing skill in any language, so, writing Bengali essays is equally important to grow the knowledge in Bengali and overall writing skills. Students learn Bengali Rachana at the initial level of primary section. Then after that students have to upgrade their writing quality with advance classes to improve their knowledge and writing. Students of all education boards including CBSE, ICSE have to learn Bengali Rachana who choose Bengali as a language in their academic learning. Though students of west Bengal board who study Bengali as their first language and continue their entire education in Bengali medium learn Bengali Rachana from the initial level. In the present article we will explain about the importance of Bengalirachona for the overall learning of students. We will also describe the needs of studying rachona based on different sections which are important from exam perspective and personal knowledge. Students will score better is if they follow the rules and techniques of rachona entirely. They can include their own style and language in rachona for producing an enriched version of language. We have provided the lists of all sections for Bengali Rachana which are helpful for students of class 6 to class 12 from all boards.

Bigyan sangkrato rachona:

Rachona about bengal:, samprotik ghatonaboli:, monishider jiboni:, conclusion:.

Answer. Students from class 6-12 will find Bengali Rachana of all important categories of their syllabus here in this article.

My Village paragraph & Essay For School & College level Students

• Abdul Aouwal
• May 21, 2024

Village life has certain charms. Very few people can avoid the attraction of serene life in Bangladeshi villages. Here clustered green trees will provide you shade and chirping of numerous birds will wake you up in the morning. Those who prefer village life have some specific reasons Firstly, the density of population is low in villages. Hence, the villages are usually calm and serene. Those who love quiet must love villages. Secondly, the village air is fresh and less polluted than that of towns because fewer vehicles ply in the village roads and there are fewer factories in rural areas. Thirdly, most of the agricultural products are produced in the villages. As a result, fresh fruits and vegetables are available in villages. Fourthly, rural areas are more scenic than the towns. The village greenery and natural beauty are always enjoyable At last, living in villages are less costly than living in towns.

Your Native Village Essay

To write this essay We have highlighted the following points. Based on the exam system here, it is important for the different competitive exam.

• Introduction
• Name and situation
• population and occupation
• Means of communication
• Important places
• The climate of the village
• Economic condition

Sunrise in My Village

My Native Village Essay - The name of my native village is Noapara where I was born and brought up. It is under Raozan Thana in the district of Chittagong. It is an ideal village in Bangladesh. It is 12 kilometres away from the Thana Headquarters. Our village is about three miles long and two miles broad. About ten thousand people of different classes and communities live here. They are the Muslims, the Hindus and the Buddhists. People of different occupation live here. Some of the inhabitants are Government employees. Others are teachers, professors, lawyers, doctors and merchants and the rest are farmers. Moreover, carpenters, artisans, fishermen, weavers, goldsmiths etc. live here. The system of communication in this village is remarkable. A district council road runs through our village. There are many kutcha roads also. People can reach the Dhaka-Chittagong Highway by bus. There are two primary schools, a high school, a Madrasha, a branch post office, a village market and a police station. There is also a Health Complex in our village. The village is famous for its social and cultural activities.

A daily market is held in the morning every day and the ‘hat' where we get all the necessary things of life sits twice in a week. The villagers observe different festivals. The Hindus observe the Durgapuja, the Saraswati Puja etc. The Muslims enjoy the two Eids and other festivals. The Buddhists also celebrate the Buddha Purnima. The climate of our village is exactly suitable for our health. The river, the large cornfields, the garden, the orchards etc. add to its beauty. Fresh vegetables, drinking water, fish, milk, meat etc. are available in plenty."

The soil of the village is fertile & suitable. So we get rice, jute oilseed etc. in plenty. Every family has a garden near the dwelling house. Flower-plants and fruit-trees are grown there. Most of the villagers earn their livelihood by selling surplus fruits and vegetables. So to speak, it helps them economically. The people of my village are very gentle. They live in perfect harmony with one another.

There is no clash among the different castes. Elders are respected and obeyed, and the underdogs are not exploited and hated. Ours is a progressive village. I am very proud of being a son of such a village. On the whole, It is a paradise for us.

My Village Essay

[Introduction, Location, Population, Occupation, Communication, Description, Climate, Conclusion ]

Culture of West Bengal

Literature .

Theatre and Films

Architecture 

Music and Dance

Food culture of west bengal, traditional dresses.

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Bengali literature, bengali theatre & cinema, bengali fine art, bengali architecture, bengali traditional dress, bengali music and dance, bengali handicrafts, bengali cuisine, festivals of west bengal.

West Bengal is a place that is very dear to the heart of all Indians. Though you might never have been to this place, the state would undoubtedly strike you as someplace you’ve known for a long time. The truth is that we’ve all been to this place through the works of Rabindranath Tagore. Haven’t we all traveled along with the Kabuliwalah , as he traveled through Kolkata and haven’t we all waited eagerly with Mini for his return each day? 

Blessed with a rich heritage and mesmerizing beauty, West Bengal has secured itself a unique place in the history of India. Home to some of our country’s greatest intellectuals, such as Rabindranath Tagore , Toru Dutt, Raja Ram Mohan Roy, and many others, the state is a haven for literature and art lovers. Situated in the eastern part of India and blessed with a vibrant culture, Bengal is perhaps the most beautiful part of India. The state has succeeded in keeping alive its past and has treasured the symbols of its heritage with much reverence.

West Bengal is perhaps the wealthiest state in India with regards to its diverse culture, from it’s magnificent literature to the colorful and splendid festivals, the state is home to various interwoven traditions, existing in perfect harmony with one another. Hence, it is no wonder that the capital of West Bengal, Kolkata, is known as the “Culture Capital Of India.”

Any discussion on West Bengal must undoubtedly begin with its splendid array of literature ranging from the folk tales of Thakurmar Jhuli to the poetry of the great Rabindranath Tagore. The state has contributed abundantly to both Bengali as well as world literature. It gave Asia its first Nobel prize when Rabindranath Tagore became the Nobel Laureate in literature in 1912. Literature has always been an essential part of the state, and its poetry has influenced people far and wide to take part in the Indian Independence movement. Today, Kolkata, the capital of West Bengal, hosts the largest Book Fair in Asia , known as the International Kolkata Book Fair, and is attended by people from around the world.  

Bengal has a long and ancient history of performing drama, from the Bangali folk theatre Jatras to the Satyajit Ray’s Movies, Bengali theatre has never failed to impress its viewers. Assumed to have originated in the 16th century, the Jatra (roughly translated as yatra, meaning journey) is well known for its distinct musical component and can also be characterized as a musical drama.

The Theatre of Bengal played a vital role during the Indian Independence struggle and helped arouse the spirit of nationalism in Indians and inspired them to join the struggle against the British rule. Bengal Film industry (Tollywood)  also has to its credit several talented and widely acclaimed filmmakers such as Satyajit Ray, the first Indian to receive an honorary Oscar Award in 1992. Other innovative filmmakers include Rituparno Ghosh, Nandita Roy, and Aparna Sen, among others.  

The state is also credited with being the pioneer of Modern art in the country. Through the paintings of Rabindranath Tagore, Abarentranath Tagore (‘Father of Modern Indian Art’), Jamini Roy , and Gaganendranath Tagore, India became acquainted with modern art. The Bengal School of Art, for instance, was started in Bengal as a rebellion against the academic art style, propagated by the European power. The school emphasized paintings that were based on Indian themes and celebrated the Indian tradition over the Western one.

Kolkata, the capital of West Bengal, is prominently known as “The City Of Palaces.” The buildings in the state show a homogenous mix of elements from various cultures, including British, Terracotta, Indo- Saracenic, and Islam. The state has to its credit several historical monuments that reflect the rich heritage and tradition of the country at large. The state had been the center of rule of different rulers belonging to different parts of the world.

Hence, the buildings in the state reflect the influence of diverse cultures in them. The most popular monuments include Rasmancha temple in Bishnupur, which is noted for its terracotta carved tiles and for its pyramidal shape, Hazarduari palace (which contains a total of thousand doors), Baraduari, Minar in Padua, Radhabinodhe temple in Birbum among others. 

In West Bengal, women usually dress up in a uniquely draped saree with broad borders. There a variety of sarees prevalent in West Bengal including the Dhaka Jamnadi sarees, Garad-Koirad, Baluchari Sarees among others. Of these, the Garad-Koirad sarees are the most popular and are worn on religious occasions and at weddings. Men usually wear Panjabi and Dhoti, which is unique to Bengal.

Suggested Read –  A Deep Dive into the Lal Par Saree from West Bengal

The music of Bengal is a pleasure to listen to for anyone and everyone. It is indeed the jewel of Bengal’s heritage. The traditional Baul singing is perhaps the most popular of all. Mostly sung in praise of God with utmost reverence and focus, the singers can make anyone spellbound with their soothing music. During the performance, the performers shut out the entire outer world by closing their eyes and seem to be lost in a trance.

Gambhira , Kirtan, and Bhawaiya are the other kinds of folk songs. Chhau, a very prominent tribal folk dance form of West Bengal , narrates stories from Indian epics. The performers wear colorful and vibrant masks, which helps them to portray different characters and convey the stories effectively.

There are a variety of handicrafts that are made in Bengal. Each village in the state has its own distinct handicraft, which is quite different from the other village. The most notable feature of the handicrafts is that apart from being a symbol of Bengals’ history and culture, they are also Eco-friendly. Some of them, like the Dokhra metal casting , is said to have been preserved for centuries and is said to be one of the oldest forms of metal casting. Bankura district boasts of highly decorated terracotta tiles present in certain temples. Though this art had been in existence since the time of the Harrapans, it was the artisans of Bengal who used them in buildings, thus, adding to the traditional and indigenous beauty of the structures.

Madurkathi, a handcrafted mat, is a vital part of Bengali culture, that every traditional house would undoubtedly possess one of. For them, the mat is a symbol of the hosts’ respect for their guests. Chhau masks, made exclusively for the Chhau dance are also worth mentioning. The masks are elaborately decorated with vibrant colors and are worn by artists in their performance. 

The state is known for its unique and tasty cuisine. From the staple rice and fish meal to the really popular Bengali sweets, the state has a lot to offer. Throughout history, the state has always been under different rulers from different parts of the world, and these influences are not only evident in the architecture and culture of Bengal but also play an essential part in Bengali cuisine .

The most common staple of food is fish and rice, added to the fact that the rivers in the state are home to more than forty different types of freshwater fish. The dishes gain their flavor from five spices, Cumin, Fenugreek, Aniseed, Nigella, and Mustard seed. The most popular Bengali delicacies include Shukto, Aam Pora Shorbot, Luchi, Lau Ghonto, Bhapaa Aloo, Baigun Bajaa, among others. Jhalmuri is a very famous street food delicacy. Apart from this, Bengali cuisine is quite famous for its wide variety of sweets, which are quite popular all over the country; they include Rasmalai, Pantua,  Roshogulla, Mishiti Doi among others. 

As a state which celebrates unity in diversity, the state has several religions and hence fosters a plethora of festivals all year round. The Durga Pooja , which celebrates the victory of Goddess Durga , is one of the most colorful festivals in the state. Poila Bhoishak is another very popular festival that celebrates the Bengali New year. The day is quite special for the whole state and is celebrated with abundant joy, as it marks a new beginning. The state also celebrates Christmas and Eid-ul-Fitr, with as much pomp and joy.  

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Essay on City Life Vs Village Life for Students and Children

500+ words essay on city life vs village life.

Village life reflects the rural lifestyle and city life shows the urban lifestyle. Life in both rural and urban areas has its own plus points and problems. One is quite different from each other. Traditionally, India is a predominantly rural country as Mahatma Gandhi had said, “The real India lives in villages”. Though India is mainly a land of villages, there are many cities as well in the country.  Life in these big cities is quite different from life in a village. Let us consider, in brief, life in a big city and point out some of its important advantages and disadvantages.

Comparison: City life Vs Village life

The facility of education.

In big cities, there are good arrangements for education. The big college even universities are available.  There are also a very large number of school both government and private in the big city.  These arrangements do not exist in small towns and villages.

Medical Facility

Cities also provide sufficient medical facilities.  Almost in every city, there are good hospitals in which the poor get free medicines and treatment. Many qualified doctors are also there to serve the sick and the suffering. Indeed lack of such medical arrangement is the main drawback of villages.

Amusement and Recreation

Cities also provide many opportunities for amusement and recreation. In every city, there are a number of cinema houses and multiplexes, where we can enjoy with family. Also, a number of restaurants and hotels are available for better food of variety. There are also many parks and gardens where we can enjoy the best natural beauty. Villages are always lacking such facilities.

The Opportunity of Employment

The most important advantages of cities are the availability of huge opportunity for employment . They are centers of trade and commerce as well as offices of many multinational companies . Persons with different qualifications can easily find jobs to suit them.  In villages, employment is available mostly in farming. Due to farming, only seasonal jobs are available to a large population in villages.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Mixed Culture

Cities are having a variety of people from various cultures. But real India and its customs are highly visible in villages.

Natural Environment

It is fact villages are always natural due to be their self-creation by nature. On the other hand, most cities are manmade. Hence the natural environment of villages is their main attraction. In villages only we may have the charms of birds and flowers or the beauty of the day-dawn.

Pollution and Adulteration

City life is extremely unhealthy due to air pollution, water pollution, and noise pollution . The people are not getting fresh air to breathe or the clear sky to enjoy the sunshine. Also, food in the cities is dirty, unhealthy and adulterated. The villages are very much away from such drawbacks.

Population and Other Issues

In city life is very costly. People have to live with a lot of pomp and show. A simple life as in the villages is almost impossible in the city. Besides, the cities are over-crowded and it is very hard for people to get suitable accommodation. People in the city do not have much sympathy with others even with neighbors. The sympathy and close interdependence which is marked in the village’s life is entirely lacking in the city.

Thus, life in villages and in cities presents two contrasting pictures. There are positive as well as negative aspects of both. Therefore it is up to the individual to make the most of it irrespective of the rural or urban setting that one lives in. I, myself, like to live in a village in the close vicinity of a modern city so that I can enjoy the pleasures both of the city and the village.

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Bengali Essay on "Urban life vs Village life", "শহুরে জীবন এবং গ্রাম্য জীবন রচনা" for Class 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 & 10

Essay on Urban life vs Village life in Bengali Language: In this article, we are providing শহুরে জীবন এবং গ্রাম্য জীবন রচনা for students. Bengali Essay on Urban life vs Village life for Class 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 & 10. পৃথিবীর প্রতিটি বস্তুরই উৎকর্ষতা এবং অপকর্ষতা আছে। পৃথিবীর কোন কিছু সর্বগুণ সম্পন্ন নয়। শুধুমাত্র ভগবানের মধ্যেই সমস্ত গুণ খুঁজে পাওয়া যায়। সুতরাং শহুরে জীবন এবং গ্রাম্য জীবনের মধ্যে সুবিধা অসুবিধা। দুই বিদ্যমান। প্রয়ােজনীয় বস্তু, সুবিধা, আমােদপ্রমােদ এবং চিত্তবিনােদনের ব্যবস্থা শুধুমাত্র শহরেই পাওয়া যায় গ্রামে তা পাওয়া অসম্ভব। একটি অতি পরিচিত কথা হল ভগবান আগে গ্রাম সৃষ্টি করেছেন এবং তারপর শহর। অনেকেই বিশ্বাস করে যে ভগবান গ্রাম বাস করে। কিন্তু এই বিশ্বাসের কারণ কি? কারণ আমরা গ্রামে খুব সহজেই শুদ্ধ প্রকৃতি এবং বাতাস পাই ও ঠাণ্ডা হাওয়া অনুভব করতে পারি। গ্রামবাসীরা পুষ্টিকর টাটটা সবজি এবং খাঁটি দুধ পায়। এমনকি গ্রামগুলিতে ধূলাে, ধোঁয়া, শব্দ এবং শহরের গরমের হাত থেকে মুক্তি পেয়েছে। গ্রাম প্রকৃতির কোলে গড়ে ওঠে তাই সে ভগবানের কাছে থাকে।

Bengali Essay on "Urban life vs Village life", "শহুরে জীবন এবং গ্রাম্য জীবন রচনা" for Class 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 & 10

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Bengali People and Culture: A Study in Origins (Annapurna Chattopadhyaya)

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The Ancient History of Bengali Agriculture and Traditional Farming Methods_Part 1

Debika Chakraborty

The Ancient History of Bengali Agriculture and Traditional Farming Methods_Part 1 7th September, 2023|| ২৭ শে ভাদ্র, ১৪২৯ বাংলা || Here I have discussed the traditional agricultural culture of Bengalis and Bengal since ancient times. The Agriculture is the main resource of the people of Bengal and is the main source of their real survival and dignity. The existence of Bengalis cannot be imagined without agriculture. Where soil and people are tied together in one source. I have simply tried to present here the history of the people who grew agricultural crops on the soil of Bengal, made the land of Bengal fertile and full of crops, and kept their status intact in the court of the world. How to produce various types of fruits, various foods crops and spices in twelve months. The Earth [Bashundhara] full of seven-grain storehouses, is here in Bengal. How could Bangali rich the soil by crushing stones producing golden crops and has made rich and ambitious Bashundhara. I have discussed here the greatness of the infinite food store and abundant mines found in the soil of Bengal since ancient times and the farmers and agricultural culture that increased the status of Bengal in the context of ancient history. I have compiled this article from the research and preserved information of various knowledgeable historians from various preserved documents and history pages of Bengal's prestigious agricultural culture. I am an education Officer and now I am working with the NRC (Norwegian Refugee Council) as a Humanitarian worker. My Small thinking of knowledge and practical experience of working at a small field level, as far as I could understand, it is only a very small effort. I sincerely believe and strive to follow - "Cooperation and solidarity are the basis of social bonds of the human race. In this way people get the joy of living and achieve the meaning of life." So, "All we work for all, all we work for us." Cordially Regards Debika Chakraborty

Dr.Kartick Chandra Barman

Abstract: The history of Birbhum, one of the districts of Rahr Bengal, is very ancient. Various divisions taking place in different time periods have gradually reduced its area. Because of natural reasons, the map of the area characterized as Birbhum has undergone changes. Similarly, this map has been altered owing to administrative, linguistic and other reasons as well. The flow of the history of civilization and culture has maintained its continuity through these natural and man-made changes and transformations. Amidst the uninterrupted conflicts and struggles between nature and man, the real history of the cultural transformation of Birbhum lies embedded in the flow of the social and geographical changes of the area. At present, it is a district lying on the western fringe of West Bengal, and near the border between Jharkhand and Bihar. In the district as a whole, hills and plateaus, dense forests, and hillocks of various heights are to be found. This district, which abounds with ochre-coloured soil, in full of much diversity and is the residing place of many communities. A large section of the total population is tribal, and their food habits, habitations, lives and livelihoods are in keeping with the geographical environment. The tribes living in this district are Santal, Munda, Kol, Ho, Oraon, Paharia, Mahali, Lohar etc.

The Indian Ocean in the Making of Early Modern India

The Book Review, December 2020, pp.1-3

Ranabir Chakravarti

In: ASIEN - The German Journal on Contemporary Asia 130 (2014): 5-7.

Carmen Brandt

The Journal of Pratnattva

Mizanur Rahman

Food is an integral part of human life since the origin which constitutes a vast array of behavioural practice considered inherent characteristics of a culture. Thus, understanding past human culture, ingredients of food, cuisine, etiquette, serving manner, preparation procedure, beliefs, are fundamental. New archaeology is indispensably interested to explain how and why a particular set of function, belief or behaviour subsumed into the past human culture rather than simply describing (what) the phenomenon. Despite having a substantial paucity of existing literature on the food culture of early Bengal the present article illuminates the major ingredients of making meal based on hardcore archaeological evidence for the first time in the history of Bengal along with considering the early religious/mythological (pouranic) literatures. The article could be regarded as the base, a preliminary step, of the study of food, cuisine and the sociology of early subsistence study and, indeed, should help to delve to understand the wider dynamics regarding the archaeology of food in the early Bengal. Available data indicates that plant food had been preferred more than that of animal (cf. meat) in early Bengal. It has been assumed that food of early Bengal could have been delicious and nutritious as diverse plant food materials had been available. It had a rich array of crop grains for making the meal; rice, millets, wheat, and barley along with diverse pulses that might imply the authenticity of proverb ‘Dal-Vat’. Having found a substantial number of fishbone and net sinkers from archaeological sites could suggest that rice along with fish predominantly shaped the subsistence strategy which confirms the popular Bengali proverb ‘mache-vate Bangali’. Variegated fruits and vegetable would have been part of their daily intake since the beginning of human settlement in early Bengal. They enjoyed a significant proportion of liquid food; milk, varieties of alcoholic drinks along with sugarcane juice, date sap and coconut water. It is assumed that milk and dairy food products like yoghurt and butter were highly popular to consume along with to prepare cuisine and enhancing their aroma and test. Varieties of food items, e.g., cakes (pitha and payes) and sweets were prepared by using sugar, milk and rice. It is evident that the environment and landscapes were responsible for shaping the dominant subsistence regime of early Bengal despite having a significant social and religious influence. Literary sources might well provide evidence that Brahmanism could shape the behavioural pattern of the food culture that was largely based on disparity; cast system, of early Bengal.

Abdul M Chowdhury

This work is a detailed study of the dynastic history of Bengal from the rise of the Palas down to the coming of the Muslims. We have divided it into three parts: the first dealing with the history of the Palas, the second devoted to the dynasties of South-Eastern Bengal and the third to the Senas and the Muslim invasion. The first part comprises three chapters. In the first chapter we have attempted a reassessment of the ascendency of the Palas. It covers the reigns of the first three rulers. We have reexamined the sources and found that many of the conclusions reached by previous writers are rather fanciful and unfounded. The idea of the election of Gopala I does not seem to hold good. In the second chapter we have covered the period of the successors of Devapala up to the reign of Mahipala I - a period of stagnation. We have discussed about the probable rule of both Vigrahapala I and Surapala I at the same time, and we have traced the gradual decline of the Palm power and its res...

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I Have Been Studying Poker for Years. Kamala Harris Isn’t Bluffing.

By Nate Silver

Mr. Silver is the author of the book “On the Edge: The Art of Risking Everything.”

In recent years, for a new book , I have spent time in a community of like-minded thinkers who take calculated risks for a living. These people, from poker players to venture capitalists — I call them the River, and they are from Silicon Valley, Wall Street, sports betting, crypto — make decisions based not on what they know at the moment but on expected value. For them, when it is time to make a decision, the question is: Do the risks outweigh the rewards?

The River is the rival of the group of academics, journalists and policy wonks that I call the Village. This term might be more familiar: It’s the East Coast expert class. Harvard and Yale. The New York Times and The Washington Post. Together, these communities make up only a small percent of the population — in short, they are elites.

The Village tends toward risk aversion, as evident in its Covid caution and its increasing wariness about free speech (which very much can have sticks-and-stones consequences ). It tends to make decisions by consensus, with dissenters punished by ostracization — or if you prefer, cancellation.

The River has been on a winning streak in terms of its impact on society and our economy: Its core industries, tech and finance, continually grow as fractions of the economy, and Las Vegas is bringing in record revenues. Not just baseball but pretty much everything has been “Moneyball”-ized, which is to say quantified and then monetized in some way.

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