jobs for phd holders in english

29 Jobs For PhD In English (Script Scholars)

Do you possess a PhD in English? Are you propelled by the written word and intellectual discourse?

Then, prepare for an exciting journey!

Today, we’re exploring a lineup of ideal jobs for English PhD holders.

From scholars and professors, to writers and editors, each role is ideally crafted for those who live their lives immersed in language and literature.

Imagine being cocooned within the world of words. Every single day.

Feels highly stimulating, doesn’t it?

So, pull up your favourite intellectual armchair.

And get ready to design your potential professional path in the world of English literature!

Postsecondary English Teacher

Average Salary: $60,000 – $75,000 per year

Postsecondary English Teachers educate students at the college or university level, focusing on literature, writing, and critical analysis.

This role is ideal for PhD in English graduates who wish to share their profound knowledge of English language and literature with aspiring scholars.

Job Duties:

• Developing Curriculum : Design and implement curriculum that covers various aspects of English language and literature, from classical works to contemporary texts.
• Lecturing and Leading Discussions : Deliver lectures that inspire and engage students, while fostering critical thinking and discussion on literary themes and theories.
• Assessing Student Work : Provide feedback on essays, research papers, and exams to evaluate and encourage student progress.
• Advising Students : Offer academic advice and mentorship to students, guiding them in their educational and career paths.
• Conducting Research : Engage in scholarly research to contribute to the field of English studies and share findings through publications and conferences.
• Professional Development : Stay abreast of the latest literary criticism, teaching methodologies, and pedagogical trends.

Requirements:

• Educational Background : A PhD in English or a closely related field is typically required.
• Advanced Literary Knowledge : Deep understanding of various literary genres, historical periods, and critical theories.
• Effective Communication : Excellent written and verbal communication skills for lecturing, discussions, and publishing.
• Mentoring Skills : Ability to guide and support students in their academic and literary pursuits.
• Research Proficiency : Strong research skills to contribute original insights to the field of English studies.

Career Path and Growth :

As a Postsecondary English Teacher, there are ample opportunities for career advancement.

Faculty members can move into higher administrative positions such as department heads, deans, or provosts.

They can also gain recognition as published authors or experts in specialized areas of English literature, which may lead to consulting or speaking engagements.

The role provides a platform to influence the next generation of writers, thinkers, and educators in the humanities.

Editor-in-Chief

Average Salary: $58,000 – $120,000 per year

The Editor-in-Chief is the head of the editorial department, responsible for steering the content and voice of publications within an organization.

This role is ideal for PhD in English graduates who seek to leverage their deep understanding of language, literature, and effective communication in a leadership position.

• Editorial Oversight : Oversee the editorial direction of the publication, ensuring content aligns with the organization’s goals and audience expectations.
• Content Strategy : Develop and implement a cohesive content strategy that reflects the publication’s identity and standards of excellence.
• Managing Editorial Staff : Lead and mentor a team of writers, editors, and contributors, fostering a collaborative and productive environment.
• Quality Control : Ensure the highest standards of writing, research, and fact-checking are maintained across all published material.
• Editorial Calendar : Manage the editorial calendar and coordinate with various departments to ensure timely and impactful content delivery.
• Industry Trends : Stay abreast of industry trends, shifts in audience preferences, and advancements in publishing technology to keep the publication relevant and competitive.
• Educational Background : A PhD in English or a closely related field is often required, demonstrating expertise in language, literature, and critical analysis.
• Leadership Skills : Proven ability to lead and inspire a team of creative professionals towards a common vision.
• Editorial Experience : Extensive experience in editing, writing, and content strategy, with a track record of successful publication management.
• Communication Skills : Exceptional verbal and written communication skills, capable of crafting and conveying the publication’s vision both internally and externally.
• Decision-Making : Strong decision-making abilities to guide the editorial process and resolve complex issues.

The Editor-in-Chief position represents the pinnacle of an editorial career, offering the opportunity to shape the voice and impact of a publication.

With experience, an Editor-in-Chief can aspire to higher executive roles within the media and publishing industry, influence the broader literary community, or establish their own publication or media venture.

Average Salary: $45,000 – $70,000 per year

Copywriters are the wordsmiths behind compelling marketing campaigns, engaging content, and persuasive messaging across various mediums.

This role is ideal for PhD in English graduates who have a passion for crafting narratives, influencing readers, and utilizing their mastery of language to shape brand identity.

• Creating Engaging Content : Write clear, attractive copy with a distinct voice for advertisements, brochures, websites, and social media platforms.
• Brand Messaging : Develop and maintain a brand’s voice across all content, ensuring consistency and alignment with marketing strategies.
• Editing and Proofreading : Revise, edit, and proofread content to ensure high standards of quality and accuracy.
• Research : Conduct thorough research to understand industry trends, target audience preferences, and competitor strategies.
• Collaboration : Work with creative teams, including designers and marketing professionals, to brainstorm and refine project concepts.
• SEO Optimization : Utilize SEO principles to maximize copy’s reach and engagement on digital platforms.
• Educational Background : A PhD in English or a related field, demonstrating advanced writing, analytical, and research skills.
• Exceptional Writing Skills : Strong ability to write clear, concise, and grammatically correct copy.
• Creativity : A creative mindset with the ability to conceive interesting ideas for new content.
• Marketing Knowledge : Understanding of marketing fundamentals and how to align copy with brand strategy.
• Attention to Detail : Excellent proofreading skills with a meticulous approach to writing and editing.
• Time Management : Ability to work on multiple projects simultaneously, often under tight deadlines.

Copywriters have the opportunity to shape the voice of brands and influence consumer behavior.

With experience, they can advance to senior copywriter and creative director positions.

PhD in English graduates can also leverage their extensive knowledge to specialize in technical writing, become authors or consultants, or teach the next generation of writers as educators.

Content Strategist

Average Salary: $60,000 – $90,000 per year

Content Strategists develop and manage content strategies to effectively communicate an organization’s message and goals, often through digital platforms.

This role is ideal for PhD in English graduates who enjoy combining their passion for language, storytelling, and research to craft compelling content strategies.

• Developing Content Strategy : Create comprehensive content plans that align with company objectives and audience engagement goals.
• Research and Analysis : Conduct in-depth research to understand industry trends, audience preferences, and competitive landscapes.
• Content Creation Oversight : Collaborate with writers and creative teams to ensure content is high-quality, relevant, and consistent with brand voice.
• Editorial Calendar Management : Plan and manage an editorial calendar to ensure timely publication of content across various channels.
• Performance Measurement : Use analytics tools to track content performance and make data-driven decisions to improve engagement and ROI.
• SEO Best Practices : Apply SEO strategies to content creation to enhance online visibility and search rankings.
• Educational Background : A PhD in English, Communications, Marketing, or a related field is highly beneficial.
• Strategic Thinking : Ability to develop long-term content plans that resonate with target audiences and support business objectives.
• Communication Skills : Excellent verbal and written communication skills, with the ability to craft and edit content for different mediums.
• Research Proficiency : Strong research skills to gather insights and inform content strategies.
• Leadership and Collaboration : Experience leading projects and working with cross-functional teams to produce cohesive content experiences.
• Technical Skills : Familiarity with content management systems (CMS), SEO tools, and analytics platforms.

Content Strategists play a critical role in shaping the voice and message of an organization.

With experience, they can advance to senior roles such as Content Director, Head of Communications, or Chief Content Officer, where they can influence broader business strategies and drive significant impact through content initiatives.

Publishing Manager

Average Salary: $55,000 – $75,000 per year

Publishing Managers oversee the production and distribution of publications, such as books, journals, and digital media, often within an academic or literary context.

This role is ideal for PhD in English graduates who wish to apply their deep understanding of literature, language, and effective communication in the publishing industry.

• Managing Editorial Process : Oversee the process of content creation, from manuscript submission to final proofreading, ensuring high-quality publications.
• Collaborating with Authors : Work closely with authors to develop their manuscripts, providing editorial feedback and supporting their creative vision.
• Strategic Planning : Develop and implement strategies for publishing schedules, market analysis, and distribution channels to maximize the reach and impact of publications.
• Supervising Teams : Lead a team of editors, designers, marketing professionals, and other staff to ensure cohesive and efficient publication workflows.
• Content Acquisition : Scout for promising manuscripts and negotiate contracts with authors or literary agents.
• Market Insight : Stay abreast of publishing trends, reader preferences, and industry innovations to maintain competitiveness and relevance in the market.
• Educational Background : A PhD in English or a related field, demonstrating advanced literary analysis and communication skills.
• Leadership Skills : Proven experience in managing teams and projects, with the ability to inspire and guide staff toward common goals.
• Editorial Expertise : Strong background in editing, writing, and content development, with a keen eye for detail and quality.
• Business Acumen : Understanding of the publishing industry, including marketing strategies, sales, and distribution networks.
• Negotiation Skills : Ability to negotiate contracts and terms with authors, agents, and distribution partners.

Publishing Managers have the opportunity to shape the literary landscape, working with authors to bring important and engaging works to the public.

Career advancement may include rising to executive positions such as Director of Publishing, Vice President of Content, or even starting an independent publishing house.

Continuous professional development and networking within the industry can lead to increased influence and innovative publishing opportunities.

Technical Writer

Average Salary: $50,000 – $70,000 per year

Technical Writers specialize in creating clear and concise documentation such as manuals, guides, and other materials that explain complex information in a more understandable way.

This role is ideal for PhD in English graduates who have a knack for simplifying technical subjects and presenting them in written form.

• Writing and Editing Documentation : Develop detailed technical documents, including user manuals, how-to guides, and reference materials.
• Research and Analysis : Analyze product information and collaborate with technical staff to gather all necessary data for documentation.
• Document Design : Create layouts and formats that enhance readability and user experience.
• Quality Assurance : Ensure technical verbiage is easy to understand by the layperson, and edit materials for clarity and coherence.
• Revision and Updates : Keep all documentation current by revising content whenever product updates and changes occur.
• Use of Technical Writing Tools : Employ various technical writing software and tools to produce professional documents.
• Educational Background : A PhD in English or Technical Communication, or a related field, with a strong understanding of technical writing principles.
• Writing Skills : Superior written communication skills, with the ability to write in a clear and concise manner for various technical and non-technical audiences.
• Technical Proficiency : Comfortable understanding and conveying complex technical concepts and information.
• Attention to Detail : Ability to pay close attention to the technical details and accuracy of the information.
• Project Management : Skills in managing documentation projects from inception to completion.

Technical Writers can have a significant impact on how end-users interact with products and services by providing essential information that bridges the gap between technology and its users.

With experience, Technical Writers can advance to lead writer positions, become specialists in a particular technical field, or move into related roles such as content strategy, information architecture, or technical training and development.

Literary Agent

Average Salary: $40,000 – $100,000 per year

Literary Agents represent and support authors, helping to sell their work to publishers and negotiate contracts.

This role is ideal for PhD in English graduates who have a deep appreciation for literature and a desire to play a pivotal role in the publishing process.

• Manuscript Assessment : Review and evaluate manuscripts, providing feedback and selecting promising material for publication.
• Author Representation : Advocate for authors, pitching their work to publishers and securing the best possible deals.
• Negotiating Contracts : Handle negotiations with publishers to ensure fair terms and advances for authors.
• Market Analysis : Stay abreast of market trends, genre demands, and readership preferences to guide authors effectively.
• Career Development : Work with authors to develop their careers, advising on everything from writing to public image.
• Networking : Build and maintain relationships with publishers, editors, and other industry professionals.
• Educational Background : A PhD in English or a related field, with a strong understanding of literary theory and contemporary literature.
• Communication Skills : Excellent verbal and written communication skills, capable of crafting compelling pitches and negotiating contracts.
• Passion for Literature : A deep love for reading and a keen eye for identifying works that have the potential for commercial success.
• Industry Knowledge : Understanding of the publishing industry, including the process of book production and sales.
• Interpersonal Skills : Strong networking abilities and the talent for building and sustaining professional relationships.

Literary Agents have the opportunity to shape the literary landscape by discovering new talent and guiding authors’ careers.

With experience, Literary Agents can establish their own agencies, specialize in particular genres, or expand their services to include international rights and film or television adaptations.

Grant Writer

Average Salary: $48,000 – $70,000 per year

Grant Writers research, draft, and submit proposals that help organizations or individuals secure funding from government agencies, foundations, and other donors.

This role is ideal for PhDs in English who excel in persuasive writing and have a keen eye for detail.

• Researching Grant Opportunities : Identify and evaluate potential funding sources that align with the organization’s goals and objectives.
• Writing Grant Proposals : Compose clear, compelling, and grammatically impeccable proposals that effectively communicate the need for funding.
• Editing and Revising : Meticulously revise proposals to meet specific guidelines and criteria of funding sources.
• Collaborating with Teams : Work with different departments to gather accurate information and data that support the grant application.
• Managing Deadlines : Ensure that all proposals are submitted on time and track their progress through the funding cycle.
• Follow-up : Communicate with grant-making entities during the review process and respond to any requests for additional information.
• Educational Background : A PhD in English, Communications, or a related field that emphasizes strong writing and research skills.
• Writing and Editing Skills : Exceptional writing, editing, and proofreading abilities, with a talent for crafting persuasive narratives.
• Research Proficiency : Strong research skills to identify grant opportunities and understand the requirements and priorities of funding sources.
• Attention to Detail : Meticulous attention to detail to ensure that all aspects of the grant proposals are accurate and comply with stipulated guidelines.
• Time Management : Excellent organizational skills to manage multiple grant applications and meet strict deadlines.

Grant Writers play a critical role in securing funding that enables organizations to carry out projects and research.

With experience, Grant Writers can progress to senior roles such as Grant Writing Director, overseeing larger grant writing teams, or become grant writing consultants.

They may also branch out into other areas of fundraising and development or become specialists in writing for specific fields or types of grants.

Public Relations Specialist

Public Relations Specialists craft and maintain a positive public image for organizations, individuals, or brands, often leveraging various media and communication platforms.

This role is ideal for PhD in English graduates who excel in strategic communication and have a keen interest in shaping public perception and engagement.

• Developing PR Strategies : Create comprehensive public relations strategies that align with the organization’s goals and enhance its public image.
• Media Relations : Establish and maintain relationships with journalists and media outlets to secure and grow media coverage.
• Content Creation : Write press releases, speeches, articles, and social media content that effectively communicate the organization’s message.
• Brand Messaging : Ensure that all public communications adhere to the brand’s voice and contribute positively to its image.
• Crisis Management : Respond to negative press or public perception with measured and strategic communication to mitigate potential damage.
• Event Planning : Organize and manage events such as press conferences, interviews, and public appearances to promote the organization’s objectives.
• Monitoring Public Opinion : Analyze media coverage and public reactions to develop insights that inform PR strategies.
• Educational Background : A PhD in English or a related field is highly beneficial, providing advanced writing, analysis, and communication skills.
• Communication Skills : Exceptional verbal and written communication skills, with the ability to craft clear and persuasive narratives.
• Media Savvy : Understanding of media operations and the digital media landscape, including social media trends and analytics.
• Strategic Thinking : Ability to develop and implement PR strategies that effectively reach target audiences and achieve organizational goals.
• Creativity : A creative mindset to devise innovative approaches to public relations challenges.
• Attention to Detail : Strong attention to detail to ensure all public communications are accurate and effective.

As a Public Relations Specialist with a PhD in English, there is potential for significant career growth.

With experience, one might advance to a PR Manager or Director role, become a communications consultant, or even start their own PR firm.

Expertise in English can also lead to opportunities in corporate communications, marketing, and related fields where strategic communication and brand storytelling are essential.

Digital Marketer

Digital Marketers strategize and execute marketing campaigns across digital platforms to build brand awareness, engage with audiences, and drive conversions.

This role is perfect for PhD in English graduates who combine their love for storytelling, content creation, and analysis to influence and captivate an online audience.

• Creating Engaging Content : Develop and curate compelling content that resonates with the target audience, including blogs, social media posts, and email campaigns.
• SEO and Analytics : Optimize content for search engines and analyze user engagement to improve campaign performance.
• Social Media Management : Manage and grow the company’s presence on social media platforms, engaging with the community and fostering relationships.
• Strategic Campaign Planning : Design and execute digital marketing strategies that align with the company’s goals and brand identity.
• Performance Reporting : Monitor and report on the effectiveness of marketing campaigns using digital analytics tools.
• Staying Current : Keep up-to-date with the latest digital marketing trends, tools, and best practices to ensure cutting-edge campaigns.
• Educational Background : A PhD in English or a related field, with a strong understanding of digital communication and content creation.
• Technical Skills : Proficiency in SEO, content management systems, and digital analytics tools.
• Writing and Editing : Exceptional writing, editing, and proofreading skills, with the ability to craft compelling messages for different digital formats and audiences.
• Creativity : A creative mindset with the ability to develop innovative marketing strategies and content ideas.
• Analytical Thinking : The ability to interpret data and analytics to inform marketing decisions and strategies.

Digital Marketers have the potential to shape a brand’s online presence and directly contribute to its success.

With experience, they can advance to roles such as Digital Marketing Manager, Content Strategist, or Chief Marketing Officer.

There is also the opportunity to specialize in areas like SEO, PPC, or social media marketing, or to branch out as a freelance consultant or start their own digital marketing agency.

University Administrator

Average Salary: $60,000 – $100,000 per year

University Administrators manage and oversee the academic and administrative functions within colleges and universities.

This role is ideal for PhD in English graduates who enjoy working in educational environments and are keen on shaping the academic experience for students and faculty.

• Academic Program Development : Oversee the creation and implementation of academic programs, ensuring they meet educational standards and serve the needs of the student body.
• Faculty Coordination : Work closely with faculty members to support their teaching and research goals, fostering an environment of academic excellence.
• Student Affairs : Address the concerns and needs of students, from admissions processes to graduation, ensuring a supportive and enriching university experience.
• Policy Implementation : Develop and enforce university policies and procedures, maintaining compliance with educational regulations and standards.
• Strategic Planning : Participate in the long-term planning of university goals, resources, and initiatives to foster institutional growth and improvement.
• Community Engagement : Build and maintain relationships with the local community, alumni, and external organizations to enhance the university’s profile and opportunities.
• Educational Background : A PhD in English or a related field is highly desirable, often required for higher-level administrative positions.
• Leadership Skills : Proven ability to lead and manage teams, departments, or projects within an academic setting.
• Understanding of Academic Environments : A thorough knowledge of higher education systems, academic policies, and the challenges faced by students and faculty.
• Communication Skills : Excellent verbal and written communication skills, crucial for drafting policies, communicating with stakeholders, and leading meetings.
• Problem-Solving : Ability to address complex administrative issues and develop effective solutions.

This role offers the opportunity to directly influence the educational landscape and make a tangible difference in the lives of students and faculty.

With experience, University Administrators can advance to higher positions such as Dean, Provost, or even University President.

There are also opportunities to specialize in particular areas of university administration, such as student affairs, academic affairs, or financial management.

Curriculum Developer

Average Salary: $50,000 – $75,000 per year

Curriculum Developers create, evaluate, and refine educational programs and materials, often for schools, universities, or educational institutions.

This role is ideal for individuals with a PhD in English who are passionate about shaping the future of education and influencing how English literature and language are taught.

• Designing Curriculum Frameworks : Develop comprehensive curricula that align with educational standards and incorporate a diverse range of English literature and language topics.
• Integrating Pedagogical Strategies : Employ current teaching methods and educational theories to enhance the learning process for English students.
• Assessing Educational Needs : Analyze the needs of educators and students to create relevant and effective English learning materials.
• Developing Course Content : Craft syllabi, lesson plans, assignments, and assessments that promote critical thinking and mastery of English language arts.
• Training Educators : Conduct workshops and professional development sessions for teachers to effectively implement the curriculum.
• Staying Informed : Remain up-to-date with literary criticism, educational research, and pedagogical trends to continually improve curriculum offerings.
• Educational Background : A PhD in English or a related field, demonstrating expert-level knowledge of English literature and language.
• Instructional Design : Proven experience in curriculum development and instructional design, preferably within the field of English education.
• Communication Skills : Excellent written and verbal communication skills, with the ability to present complex information clearly and concisely.
• Collaboration : Ability to work effectively with educators, administrators, and other curriculum developers to achieve educational goals.
• Research Skills : Strong research abilities to stay abreast of educational trends and integrate best practices into curriculum design.

Curriculum Developers in English have the opportunity to make a lasting impact on the education system by shaping the way English is taught and appreciated.

With experience, Curriculum Developers may take on leadership roles in educational departments, contribute to educational policy, or specialize in areas such as English for specific purposes (ESP), educational technology, or second language acquisition.

Average Salary: $40,000 – $70,000 per year

Journalists research, write, and report on a variety of topics, including cultural events, political happenings, and human interest stories.

For those with a PhD in English, this role provides an opportunity to utilize their advanced writing and analytical skills.

This role is ideal for PhD in English graduates who are passionate about storytelling, conducting in-depth research, and presenting information to the public.

• Researching and Reporting : Conduct thorough research to uncover facts, interview sources, and gather information on assigned topics or stories.
• Writing and Editing : Craft compelling articles, reports, and features with a strong command of the English language, ensuring accuracy, clarity, and readability.
• Meeting Deadlines : Work within tight timeframes to deliver high-quality content that meets publication standards and schedules.
• Developing Story Ideas : Pitch original story ideas and angles that resonate with audiences, align with current trends, and add value to the publication.
• Media Ethics : Adhere to strict journalistic standards and ethics, maintaining integrity and credibility in reporting.
• Staying Informed : Keep abreast of current events, societal changes, and cultural shifts to provide relevant and timely journalistic content.
• Educational Background : A PhD in English or a related field is highly advantageous, demonstrating advanced writing, critical thinking, and analytical skills.
• Communication Skills : Outstanding written and verbal communication skills, with a knack for storytelling and engaging a diverse audience.
• Investigative Mindset : A keen interest in uncovering the truth, fact-checking, and presenting well-researched information.
• Adaptability : Ability to adapt writing style and content to fit various media platforms, from print to digital to broadcast.
• Networking : Proficiency in building and maintaining a network of contacts for story development and fact-gathering.

As a journalist with a PhD in English, the potential for career growth is significant.

With experience, journalists can advance to editorial positions, lead their own columns, or specialize in particular types of reporting.

They may also become authors, writing books on topics of expertise, or transition into academia, teaching journalism and communications.

Corporate Trainer

Average Salary: $60,000 – $85,000 per year

Corporate Trainers are essential in the development and delivery of training programs to enhance the skills and knowledge of a company’s employees.

This role is perfect for Ph.D. holders in English who excel in communication and have a passion for teaching and professional development.

• Developing Training Modules : Create comprehensive training materials and courses tailored to the needs of the organization and its employees.
• Conducting Workshops and Seminars : Lead interactive sessions on various topics, including communication skills, leadership, and industry-specific knowledge.
• Facilitating Learning : Use a blend of teaching methods to cater to different learning styles and ensure effective knowledge transfer.
• Evaluating Training Outcomes : Assess the effectiveness of training programs and make adjustments as needed to meet learning objectives.
• One-on-One Coaching : Provide personalized coaching to employees to enhance their professional development.
• Staying Current : Maintain up-to-date knowledge of the latest training techniques, industry trends, and organizational changes.
• Educational Background : A Ph.D. in English, Education, or a related field is highly advantageous.
• Communication Skills : Outstanding verbal and written communication skills, with the ability to present information clearly and persuasively.
• Teaching Experience : Proven experience in teaching, coaching, or training, with an ability to engage and motivate adult learners.
• Interpersonal Skills : Strong interpersonal skills to interact effectively with a diverse range of individuals and corporate teams.
• Adaptability : Flexibility to develop and deliver training that meets the evolving needs of the organization and its employees.

As a Corporate Trainer, there are numerous opportunities for career advancement.

Trainers can move into senior learning and development roles, become specialists in a particular training area, or progress into strategic positions where they shape the overall educational direction of the company.

Additionally, Ph.D. holders may take on consulting roles or lead research in educational methodologies to further corporate training effectiveness.

Research Librarian

Research Librarians play a critical role in academic and research institutions by supporting faculty, students, and independent researchers in their scholarly pursuits.

This role is ideal for PhD in English holders who are passionate about literature, research, and information science, and who enjoy facilitating access to a wealth of knowledge.

• Conducting Literary and Scholarly Research : Assist patrons in navigating extensive databases and catalogs to find relevant books, articles, and other resources.
• Developing and Managing Collections : Curate collections that support the research and educational missions of the institution, including acquisition and organization of materials.
• Answering Research Questions : Provide expert guidance on research methods and sources, helping patrons to refine their topics and locate information efficiently.
• Instruction and Information Literacy : Teach classes or workshops on information literacy, research strategies, and the effective use of library resources.
• Academic Collaboration : Work closely with academic departments to ensure library services align with curricular needs and faculty research projects.
• Staying Current with Literary Trends : Continuously update knowledge on literary theory, digital humanities, and scholarly communication to support advanced research.
• Educational Background : A Master’s degree in Library Science (MLS) is typically required, although a PhD in English provides a strong foundation for specialized research services.
• Research Skills : Proficiency in conducting and facilitating research, with a deep understanding of both print and electronic resources.
• Communication Skills : Excellent verbal and written communication skills, with the ability to guide and instruct others in research practices.
• Information Technology : Familiarity with library databases, cataloging systems, and digital archiving.
• Interpersonal Skills : Ability to engage with a diverse community of scholars and foster an environment conducive to learning and research.

This role offers the opportunity to become an integral part of the academic community, contributing to the advancement of knowledge and research.

With experience, Research Librarians can progress to leadership roles within the library system, specialize in specific areas of research, or become involved in larger-scale information management projects.

Average Salary: $45,000 – $75,000 per year

Researchers in the field of English utilize their advanced knowledge of literature, critical theory, and language to conduct scholarly research, often within academic settings such as universities or research institutions.

This role is ideal for PhD in English graduates who enjoy diving deep into texts, exploring cultural and historical contexts, and contributing to academic discourse.

• Conducting Scholarly Research : Undertake detailed studies of literary works, critical theories, and historical literature contexts.
• Publishing Findings : Write research papers, articles, and books that contribute to the field of English studies.
• Presenting at Conferences : Share research results with the academic community through presentations at conferences and seminars.
• Developing Research Proposals : Craft proposals for research funding from academic, governmental, and private institutions.
• Teaching : Educate students at the undergraduate or graduate level, providing insights into the field of English literature and language.
• Staying Current : Keep up to date with the latest developments in literary criticism, theory, and methods.
• Educational Background : A PhD in English, Literature, or a related field is typically required.
• Analytical Skills : Strong ability to analyze texts, synthesize information, and draw insightful conclusions.
• Writing Skills : Exceptional writing ability to produce clear, well-argued, and scholarly work.
• Research Methodology : A firm grasp of research methods used in English and literary studies.
• Communication : Strong verbal communication skills for presenting research and teaching.
• Networking : Ability to engage with the academic community for collaboration and knowledge exchange.

As a researcher in English, there are numerous opportunities for career advancement.

Individuals may progress to tenured professorships, lead their research teams, or become department heads.

There is also the potential to become editors of scholarly journals, authors of influential texts, or consultants in industries that value strong analytical and communication skills.

Researchers may also transition into public humanities work, applying their expertise in settings like museums, cultural foundations, or publishing.

Creative Writing Instructor

Creative Writing Instructors mentor and guide students in the art of writing fiction, nonfiction, poetry, and other literary forms.

This role is perfect for PhD holders in English who are passionate about literature and have a desire to inspire and cultivate the next generation of writers.

• Conducting Writing Workshops : Lead workshops where you critique and offer constructive feedback on students’ writing, fostering a supportive and collaborative environment.
• Teaching Literary Techniques : Educate students on various literary techniques and styles, helping them to develop their unique voice and style.
• Answering Questions : Address students’ inquiries regarding writing challenges, literary theory, and publication processes.
• Curriculum Development : Design and update course syllabi and materials that reflect contemporary trends and classic approaches to creative writing.
• Assessment and Evaluation : Grade assignments and provide detailed feedback to aid in students’ development as writers.
• Staying Informed : Maintain an up-to-date knowledge of the publishing industry, literary criticism, and new works by established and emerging authors.
• Educational Background : A PhD in English, Creative Writing, or a related field is highly recommended.
• Communication Skills : Excellent verbal and written communication skills, with the ability to teach complex literary concepts effectively.
• Passion for Writing and Literature : A deep love for the written word and a desire to share that passion with students.
• Mentorship : A commitment to mentoring students and helping them achieve their creative and professional goals.
• Flexibility : Ability to adapt teaching methods to accommodate different learning styles and levels of proficiency.

As a Creative Writing Instructor, you have the opportunity to shape the creative minds of aspiring writers and contribute to the literary community.

With experience, Creative Writing Instructors can advance to senior academic positions, publish their own work, lead prominent writing programs, and become sought-after experts in the field of creative writing education.

Book Reviewer

Average Salary: $35,000 – $50,000 per year

Book Reviewers critically assess and write reviews on a wide variety of books, providing readers with insights that can guide their reading choices.

This role is ideal for PhDs in English who enjoy delving into literary works and sharing their analyses and opinions with others.

• Reading and Evaluating Books : Consume a diverse range of literature, from novels to academic texts, and evaluate them based on various criteria including literary merit, narrative structure, character development, and thematic depth.
• Writing Reviews : Compose thoughtful, well-articulated reviews that provide readers with an understanding of the book’s content, style, and potential impact.
• Staying Current : Keep up to date with publishing trends, new releases, and emerging authors to ensure reviews are timely and relevant.
• Interviewing Authors : Sometimes conduct interviews with authors to gain deeper insights into their works and share these with readers.
• Participating in Literary Events : Attend book fairs, launches, and other literary events to network and stay informed on the latest industry developments.
• Engaging with Readers : Use various media platforms to interact with readers, discuss literary trends, and respond to feedback on reviews.
• Educational Background : A PhD in English or a closely related field is highly desirable, demonstrating an advanced understanding of literature and critical analysis.
• Writing Skills : Excellent writing and editing skills, with the ability to craft engaging and informative reviews that resonate with readers.
• Reading Comprehension : Strong ability to analyze and interpret complex texts, identifying underlying themes and assessing literary quality.
• Time Management : Ability to manage reading and writing schedules effectively to meet deadlines and maintain a consistent output of reviews.
• Critical Thinking : Adept at forming evidence-based opinions and communicating them clearly to a diverse audience.

As a Book Reviewer, there is potential to become a leading voice in the literary community, influencing readers and publishers alike.

With experience, reviewers can progress to editorial positions, become columnists for major publications, or even leverage their expertise to become authors themselves.

Additionally, seasoned reviewers may be invited to serve on literary award panels or to teach literature and writing at academic institutions.

Scriptwriter

Scriptwriters craft compelling narratives, dialogue, and concepts for various media, including film, television, theater, and online platforms.

This role is ideal for Ph.D. in English graduates who combine their love of literature and storytelling with a passion for creating engaging scripts.

• Writing Original Content : Develop original screenplays, teleplays, stage plays, or web series scripts, often transforming complex ideas into accessible narratives.
• Adapting Works : Convert novels, short stories, or other written works into scripts, respecting the original tone while making them suitable for visual media.
• Editing and Revising : Collaborate with directors, producers, and other writers to edit and refine scripts, ensuring they meet creative standards and production requirements.
• Character Development : Create in-depth character backstories and arcs, ensuring consistency and plausibility throughout the script.
• Research : Conduct thorough research to accurately represent historical contexts, language, and settings within scripts.
• Meeting Deadlines : Manage time effectively to meet tight deadlines and respond to revisions and rewrites promptly.
• Educational Background : A Ph.D. in English, Creative Writing, Screenwriting, or a related field is highly beneficial.
• Writing Skills : Exceptional writing abilities, with a strong grasp of narrative structure, character development, and dialogue.
• Creativity : An imaginative mind capable of generating original ideas and transforming them into compelling stories.
• Collaboration : Ability to work effectively as part of a creative team, accepting constructive feedback and contributing to group projects.
• Attention to Detail : A keen eye for detail in language and continuity, ensuring scripts are polished and coherent.

Scriptwriters have the opportunity to see their written words come to life on stage or screen.

With experience, they can become head writers, showrunners, or even transition into directing and producing.

Success in this field often leads to critical acclaim, awards, and a significant impact on the culture at large.

Communications Director

Average Salary: $75,000 – $120,000 per year

Communications Directors are responsible for overseeing and guiding the communication strategies of organizations, including universities, corporations, or non-profits.

This role is ideal for PhD in English graduates who excel in strategic communication, public relations, and have a strong command of the written and spoken word.

• Developing Communication Strategies : Create comprehensive plans for internal and external communications that align with the organization’s goals and brand voice.
• Managing Media Relations : Serve as the primary contact for media inquiries, build relationships with journalists, and oversee the distribution of press releases.
• Overseeing Content Production : Supervise the creation of content across various platforms, ensuring consistency and quality in line with the organization’s standards.
• Public Speaking and Representation : Represent the organization at events, conferences, or in media appearances, articulating the organization’s mission and initiatives.
• Team Leadership : Lead and mentor a team of communication professionals, fostering a collaborative and productive work environment.
• Crisis Management : Prepare and implement crisis communication plans, responding effectively to emergencies or negative publicity to maintain the organization’s reputation.
• Educational Background : A PhD in English, Communications, Public Relations, Journalism, or a related field is highly desirable.
• Strategic Thinking : Ability to devise and implement high-level communication strategies that support organizational objectives.
• Exceptional Writing and Editing Skills : Expertise in crafting clear, compelling content for a variety of audiences and formats.
• Media Savvy : Understanding of the media landscape and experience in managing media relations and press engagements.
• Leadership Qualities : Strong managerial skills and the ability to lead and inspire a team of communication professionals.
• Adaptability and Problem-Solving : Capacity to navigate complex situations and adapt strategies in a dynamic environment.

PhD in English graduates who enter the field of communications have the opportunity to ascend to high-level management and executive positions.

With experience, Communications Directors can take on more significant challenges, including shaping the public image of major organizations, influencing public policy, or consulting for a variety of clients.

The role offers a blend of creative and strategic work, with ample room for professional growth and recognition in the field.

Professor of English Literature

Professors of English Literature educate and guide students through the vast landscapes of English literary works, from the earliest writings to contemporary texts.

This role is ideal for individuals with a PhD in English who have a deep appreciation for literature and a desire to share their knowledge and insights with the next generation of scholars and enthusiasts.

• Teaching and Lecturing : Lead courses covering various periods, authors, and genres of English literature, emphasizing critical analysis and interpretation.
• Curriculum Development : Design engaging and comprehensive syllabi that reflect current trends and historical contexts in literature.
• Research and Scholarship : Conduct original research in a specialized area of English literature, contributing to academic knowledge and discourse.
• Mentoring Students : Advise and support students in their academic development, including guidance on research projects, dissertations, and career paths.
• Academic Service : Participate in departmental duties, such as serving on committees, attending faculty meetings, and contributing to the governance of the institution.
• Continued Professional Development : Stay abreast of new literary theories, critical approaches, and pedagogical methods to enrich teaching and scholarship.
• Educational Background : A PhD in English Literature or a closely related field is required.
• Communication Skills : Excellent verbal and written communication skills, with the ability to present complex literary ideas clearly and compellingly.
• Passion for Literature : A profound love for and understanding of English literature, along with the enthusiasm to inspire this passion in others.
• Teaching Excellence : A proven track record of effective teaching at the college or university level.
• Research Expertise : A strong publication record demonstrating expertise in a particular area of English literature.

A career as a Professor of English Literature offers the opportunity to influence the field through teaching, research, and publication.

With experience, professors can attain tenure, take on leadership roles within the department, and contribute to the broader academic community through conferences, seminars, and editorial work.

They may also become renowned as experts in their specific area of literature, influencing scholarship and critical thought globally.

Publishing Consultant

Average Salary: $40,000 – $60,000 per year

Publishing Consultants assist authors and publishing houses in the development, publication, and marketing of books and other written content.

This role is perfect for Ph.D. in English graduates who have a deep appreciation for literature and want to help bring new works to the public eye.

• Manuscript Evaluation : Analyze and assess manuscripts, providing constructive feedback to improve content, structure, and style.
• Guidance on Publication Strategies : Advise authors and publishers on the best practices for publication, including print and digital formats.
• Market Research : Research current market trends to help position a book for success in its respective genre and target audience.
• Editorial Planning : Assist in developing timelines and editorial plans that align with the author’s vision and publication goals.
• Collaborate with Writers : Work directly with authors to hone their voice and message, ensuring their work resonates with readers.
• Industry Networking : Build relationships with publishers, literary agents, and other industry professionals to facilitate successful book launches.
• Educational Background : A Ph.D. in English, Literature, or a related field, demonstrating advanced knowledge of literary theory and practice.
• Communication Skills : Outstanding verbal and written communication skills, with the ability to provide clear and actionable feedback.
• Knowledge of Publishing Industry : A comprehensive understanding of the publishing process, market dynamics, and marketing strategies.
• Project Management : Strong organizational abilities to manage multiple projects and adhere to strict deadlines.
• Analytical Thinking : Ability to critically assess manuscripts and market conditions to provide strategic advice.

As a Publishing Consultant, there is the potential to become a sought-after expert in the field, working with high-profile authors and leading publishing houses.

Career growth could include establishing a private consultancy firm, taking on executive roles within publishing companies, or specializing in niche areas of publishing such as academic, technical, or digital media.

Digital Humanities Specialist

Digital Humanities Specialists combine literary, historical, and cultural knowledge with digital tools to analyze, interpret, and present humanities data in engaging ways.

This role is ideal for Ph.D. in English graduates who are enthusiastic about applying their deep understanding of literature, culture, and critical theory in a digital context.

• Analyzing Humanities Data : Use digital tools to analyze text, cultural artifacts, or historical data, providing new insights into literature and humanities.
• Developing Digital Resources : Create and manage digital collections, databases, or interactive online platforms that make humanities content accessible and engaging.
• Teaching and Training : Educate students and peers on the use of digital tools in humanities research and scholarship.
• Collaborative Research : Work with interdisciplinary teams on projects that intersect with fields like linguistics, cultural studies, and information technology.
• Public Outreach : Communicate the value and findings of digital humanities projects to a broader audience through workshops, presentations, or online content.
• Staying Current : Keep up-to-date with advancements in digital tools, methodologies, and best practices in the field of digital humanities.
• Educational Background : A Ph.D. in English, Digital Humanities, or a related field is highly preferable, with a strong focus on digital technologies.
• Technical Proficiency : Proficiency with digital tools such as text analysis software, content management systems, and data visualization techniques.
• Critical Thinking : Ability to apply literary and cultural theory to digital projects, offering nuanced insights into humanities data.
• Communication Skills : Excellent written and verbal communication skills, with the ability to present complex digital humanities concepts clearly.
• Interdisciplinary Collaboration : Comfort working in interdisciplinary teams and the ability to integrate diverse perspectives into digital humanities initiatives.

Digital Humanities Specialists can have a profound impact on the way we understand and interact with literary and cultural history.

Career progression may include leading larger digital humanities projects, obtaining tenure-track positions at universities, or transitioning into roles focused on digital cultural heritage preservation.

As the digital humanities field grows, opportunities for consulting, technology development, and project management also expand.

Book Critic

Average Salary: $48,000 – $75,000 per year

Book Critics analyze, evaluate, and provide insightful reviews on a wide range of literary works, from fiction to nonfiction and poetry.

This role is ideal for PhDs in English who have a deep appreciation for literature and enjoy communicating their insights to a reading audience.

• Reading and Analyzing Literature : Devour and critically assess a variety of literary works, considering elements such as theme, style, structure, and cultural context.
• Writing Reviews : Compose thoughtful and well-argued reviews that inform readers about the merits and shortcomings of a book.
• Engaging with Publishers : Maintain relationships with publishers to receive advance copies of upcoming titles for review.
• Staying Informed : Keep up-to-date with literary trends, emerging authors, and pivotal book releases.
• Public Speaking : Participate in book discussion panels, literary festivals, and other events to share critical perspectives.
• Editing : Refine written content for clarity, coherence, and readability before publication.
• Educational Background : A PhD in English, Comparative Literature, or a related field, demonstrating a high level of literary analysis and criticism.
• Writing Skills : Exceptional writing ability, with the skill to craft engaging, persuasive, and well-supported reviews.
• Depth of Knowledge : A broad understanding of literary history, theory, and current trends.
• Research Skills : Capacity to conduct in-depth research to enrich reviews and provide context.
• Analytical Thinking : Strong critical thinking skills to analyze texts and articulate nuanced opinions.

This role offers the opportunity to shape public opinion and influence the literary landscape.

With experience, Book Critics can become leading voices in the field, contributing to prestigious literary journals, acquiring positions as editors, or authoring their own books about literature and criticism.

English Tutor

Average Salary: $30,000 – $60,000 per year

English Tutors provide personalized education and support to students seeking to improve their English language skills, literature analysis, and writing abilities.

This role is perfect for those with a PhD in English who enjoy fostering a love for language, literature, and composition in others.

• Personalized Instruction : Deliver one-on-one or small group sessions tailored to the individual needs and learning styles of students.
• Curriculum Development : Create custom lesson plans and curricula that address specific language competencies, literary comprehension, or writing techniques.
• Academic Support : Offer guidance and assistance with English-related homework, exam preparation, essay writing, and other academic assignments.
• Assessment and Feedback : Evaluate student progress and provide constructive feedback to help them improve their English skills.
• Resource Creation : Develop engaging educational materials and practice exercises for grammar, vocabulary, reading comprehension, and critical analysis.
• Continued Learning : Stay abreast of the latest pedagogical approaches, literary works, and linguistic research to enhance teaching effectiveness.
• Educational Background : A PhD in English, Literature, Linguistics, or a closely related field.
• Communication Skills : Excellent verbal and written communication skills, with the ability to simplify complex linguistic and literary concepts.
• Passion for English : A deep appreciation for the English language, literature, and writing, combined with a desire to instill this passion in students.
• Teaching Ability : Strong pedagogical skills and experience in teaching or tutoring English at various levels.
• Adaptability : Flexibility to work with students of different ages, backgrounds, and proficiency levels.

As an English Tutor, you have the opportunity to make a significant impact on students’ academic and professional lives by enhancing their command of the English language.

With experience, English Tutors can advance to higher-level educational roles, such as becoming a lecturer or professor, a department head, or starting their own tutoring business with a focus on advanced English studies or specialized areas like ESL (English as a Second Language).

Screenwriter

Screenwriters are the creative minds behind the scripts for films, television shows, and other video content.

This role is ideal for PhD in English graduates who have a flair for storytelling and want to craft compelling narratives for the screen.

• Writing Scripts : Create engaging and original scripts for a variety of genres, including drama, comedy, horror, and science fiction.
• Developing Characters : Build in-depth character profiles and arcs that resonate with audiences and drive the story forward.
• Pitching Ideas : Present script ideas and story concepts to producers, directors, and other stakeholders.
• Revising Drafts : Work collaboratively with directors, producers, and other writers to revise and polish scripts based on feedback.
• Research : Conduct thorough research to ensure the authenticity of the script’s setting, dialogue, and background information.
• Understanding Market Trends : Stay informed about current trends in the film and television industry to create marketable and relevant content.
• Educational Background : A PhD in English, Screenwriting, Creative Writing, or a related field is highly beneficial.
• Creativity : An imaginative mindset that can generate fresh and appealing story ideas.
• Collaboration : Willingness to work closely with others in a creative environment, often under tight deadlines.
• Industry Knowledge : A good understanding of the filmmaking process and the various roles involved in bringing a script to life.

Screenwriting offers a dynamic and potentially lucrative career path for individuals with a PhD in English who are passionate about creating stories for visual media.

With experience, screenwriters can advance to become head writers, showrunners, or even transition into directing and producing.

Success in this field can also open doors to writing novels, plays, or teaching screenwriting at the academic level.

Average Salary: $38,000 – $62,000 per year

Playwrights craft compelling and thought-provoking scripts for theatrical productions, tapping into the rich tapestry of the human experience.

This role is ideal for PhD in English graduates who are passionate about storytelling, character development, and the dramatic arts.

• Writing Original Scripts : Create original plays or adapt existing works, utilizing strong command of language, dialogue, and dramatic structure.
• Collaborating with Theatres : Work closely with theatre companies, directors, and producers to bring scripts to life on the stage.
• Revising Drafts : Continuously revise and refine scripts based on feedback from readings, workshops, or performances.
• Research : Conduct thorough research to ensure authenticity and accuracy in historical or culturally specific plays.
• Attending Rehearsals : Participate in rehearsals to provide insight into the script and to make adjustments as needed.
• Engaging with Audiences : Attend opening nights and engage with audiences, gaining insights that could influence future work.
• Educational Background : A PhD in English, Theatre Studies, or a related field is highly beneficial, showcasing advanced understanding of literature and drama.
• Creative Writing Skills : Exceptional ability in creative writing, character development, and understanding dramatic arcs.
• Understanding of Theatrical Production : Knowledge of how plays are produced and the practical aspects of bringing a script to performance.
• Networking : Strong connections within the theatre community to facilitate collaborations and opportunities.
• Persistence : The determination to revise and promote one’s work in the competitive field of theatre.

As a playwright, there is potential to gain national or even international recognition for your work.

Success can lead to opportunities to write for larger productions, teach playwriting at a university level, or transition into other forms of writing, such as screenwriting for film and television.

With each successful play, a playwright builds their reputation, which can open doors to more prestigious and higher-paying projects.

English Language Trainer

English Language Trainers teach and facilitate the learning of the English language to non-native speakers in various settings, from classrooms to online platforms.

This role is ideal for PhD in English graduates who are passionate about linguistics, literature, and helping others master the English language.

• Designing Curriculum : Develop comprehensive lesson plans and curricula tailored to the proficiency level and learning objectives of students.
• Delivering Engaging Lessons : Conduct interactive and dynamic classes focusing on grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and conversational skills.
• Evaluating Progress : Regularly assess student performance through tests, quizzes, and oral evaluations to provide feedback and adjust teaching methods accordingly.
• Cultural Exchange : Facilitate discussions on cultural nuances and English language idioms, enhancing students’ understanding of English-speaking societies.
• Language Workshops : Organize workshops or seminars that focus on specific language skills such as writing, public speaking, or business English.
• Continual Learning : Keep abreast of the latest teaching methodologies and developments in the field of English language education.
• Educational Background : A PhD in English, Applied Linguistics, TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages), or a related field is highly desirable.
• Communication Skills : Outstanding verbal and written communication skills, with the ability to simplify complex linguistic concepts for learners.
• Passion for Teaching : A genuine interest in language education and dedication to helping students achieve fluency in English.
• Classroom Management : Proficiency in managing diverse classrooms and creating an inclusive learning environment.
• Flexibility : Ability to adapt teaching methods to accommodate different learning styles and cultural backgrounds.

English Language Trainers have the opportunity to significantly impact their students’ personal and professional lives by improving their communication skills.

With experience, trainers can advance to senior teaching positions, become language program coordinators, or specialize in areas such as English for Academic Purposes (EAP) or English for Specific Purposes (ESP).

They may also pursue careers in educational publishing, curriculum development, or English language assessment and testing.

Translation Specialist

Translation Specialists apply their expertise in language and culture to convert written materials from one language to another.

They work in various sectors including literature, academia, and business, ensuring accurate and culturally appropriate translations.

This role is perfect for PhD in English holders who possess a love for languages and a deep understanding of cultural nuances.

• Translating Written Materials : Accurately translate books, academic papers, business documents, and other written materials while maintaining the original tone and intent.
• Editing and Proofreading : Ensure that translations are free of errors, and edit for clarity and readability in the target language.
• Localization : Adapt content culturally to resonate with the target audience, which may involve altering references, idioms, and other culturally-specific information.
• Research : Conduct thorough research to understand context, technical language, and cultural nuances to produce precise translations.
• Collaboration with Authors and Clients : Work closely with original authors or clients to ensure translation aligns with their vision and message.
• Staying Informed : Continuously improve language skills and stay updated on linguistic developments, and cultural trends in both the source and target languages.
• Educational Background : A PhD in English, Linguistics, or a related field with expertise in at least one other language.
• Language Proficiency : Exceptional written communication skills in both the source and target languages.
• Cultural Understanding : Deep understanding of cultural contexts, idiomatic expressions, and the subtleties of language.
• Attention to Detail : Ability to identify and correct errors in translation, ensuring the highest level of accuracy.
• Research Skills : Strong research abilities to comprehend specific terminology and contextual usage.
• Time Management : Capacity to manage projects efficiently and meet deadlines.

Translation Specialists can have a profound impact on cross-cultural communication and understanding.

Career advancement may include specialization in certain types of translation, such as literary translation or technical translation, supervisory roles, or freelance opportunities that offer greater autonomy and the potential for higher earnings.

As globalization increases, the demand for skilled translators is likely to grow, providing more opportunities for professional development.

Here it is, a comprehensive guide to the most remarkable career options for individuals with a PhD in English.

The expanse of options available ensures that there’s something for everyone backed by this prestigious degree.

So don’t hesitate, move forward and actualize your dream of using your PhD in English in novel and fulfilling ways every day.

Remember: It’s NEVER too late to mold your incredible scholarly depth into a thriving professional life.

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The Editorial Team at InterviewGuy.com is composed of certified interview coaches, seasoned HR professionals, and industry insiders. With decades of collective expertise and access to an unparalleled database of interview questions, we are dedicated to empowering job seekers. Our content meets real-time industry demands, ensuring readers receive timely, accurate, and actionable advice. We value our readers' insights and encourage feedback, corrections, and questions to maintain the highest level of accuracy and relevance.

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Unlocking Possibilities: What Can You Do With a PhD in English?

The world of academia has long been associated with the pursuit of knowledge, scholarly research and teaching careers. For years, earning a PhD in English was almost synonymous with pursuing a career within academia. But, as the landscape of education and industry continues to evolve, so do the options available to English PhD graduates.

The assumption that an academic career is the sole path for English PhDs is shifting, revealing a multitude of exciting and rewarding alternatives.

Is a PhD in English on your to-do list? Get all the facts before you apply  — find out if a humanities PhD is worth it for you!

Shifting Focus: the State of Employment in Academia

Traditionally, tenure-track positions were the ultimate goal for aspiring academics. But the job market has become increasingly competitive, leaving a limited number of academic jobs for English Phds seeking employment. Moreover, the rise of adjunct positions, which offer less stability and fewer benefits, has created an environment where job security in academia is more elusive than ever — even well-qualified English PhDs can find themselves navigating through a maze of adjunct positions and temporary contracts. 

As a result, English PhDs are reconsidering the assumption that academia is their only option. This shift in academia’s landscape has sparked a conversation about the need to broaden career horizons and consider alternative paths that utilize the skills and knowledge gained during doctoral studies. 

Exploring Alternatives: English PhD Jobs Outside of Academia

The desire for stability and a healthier work-life balance is a driving factor for many scholars leaving academia. The uncertainty surrounding tenure-track positions, coupled with the pressure to publish prolifically and compete for dwindling opportunities, has led many to seek alternatives in various industries and fields. 

On the bright side, English PhDs are uniquely qualified to work in nearly any field and the skills acquired during their study are highly transferable. Critical thinking, research proficiency, effective communication and the ability to analyze complex narratives are all qualities that can be applied to a wide range of career options. 

The Expansive Landscape of Non-Academic Careers

While tenure-track positions in academia are few and far between, the world outside the academy is teeming with opportunities that align with the skillset and passion of English PhDs. Here’s a glimpse into the exciting array of non-academic careers English PhDs are well suited for:

1. Content Strategist and Brand Storyteller:

English PhDs thrive in the realm of content strategy and brand storytelling. Their profound understanding of narratives and language nuances can transform English PhDs into sought-after content creators, crafting compelling stories that resonate with audiences across industries.

2. Media and Communication Specialist:

Mastery of language empowers English PhDs to excel in media and communication roles. Whether crafting press releases, managing social media content, or curating engaging digital campaigns, their ability to convey messages effectively is invaluable.

3. Technical Writer and Documentation Expert:

Navigating the world of technical writing, where clarity and precision reign, is second nature for many English PhDs. Their meticulous analysis and eloquent communication make them proficient creators of user manuals, guides and documentation for intricate subjects.

4. Cultural Critic and Reviewer:

English PhDs know how analytical prowess can shape cultural discourse. Becoming critics or reviewers for literature, art, film, or even pop culture is an avenue where English PhDs can use their insights to influence public opinion and shape trends.

5. Marketing Analyst and Consumer Insight Expert:

Armed with finely-tuned research skills, English PhDs are a good fit for market research. As marketing analysts, they decode consumer behavior, unearth market trends and offer strategic insights crucial for business growth. 

6. Public Relations and Corporate Communications:

Their knack for persuasive language aligns English PhDs seamlessly with public relations and corporate communications. Managing reputation, crisis communication, and maintaining brand image become their forte.

7. Grant Writer and Nonprofit Advocate:

English PhDs who excel at persuasive writing to make a tangible impact may find their perfect home in the nonprofit space. By becoming a grant writer or working with nonprofits in other ways, English PhDs can contribute to social change and secure funding for noble causes.

8. Publishing Industry Specialist:

As editors, manuscript reviewers or content curators, English PhDs are well-suited to navigate the publishing world. Their discerning eye and deep understanding of literature can contribute to shaping literary landscapes.

9. Entrepreneurial Ventures:

Launching a blog, podcast, or digital platform allows English PhDs to blend their love for literature with modern technology, catering to niche audiences and carving a unique path.

10. Government and Policy Analyst:

The critical thinking skills gained in an English PhD program are assets in governmental or policy roles. Analyzing complex documents, articulating ideas succinctly, and contributing to informed decision-making are roles where an English PhD’s expertise shines.

Earning a PhD in English isn’t just about academics; it's about embracing a multifaceted world of opportunities. The journey you embark on equips you with skills that transcend traditional boundaries. As you step beyond the classroom, remember that your passion for language, critical thinking, and storytelling has the power to redefine industries and carve pathways less traveled. The possibilities are boundless, waiting for you to embrace them and make your mark in an ever-evolving professional landscape.

Learn more about what doctoral study in the humanities can do for you in our guide!

Are you intrigued by the diverse possibilities a PhD in English can unlock? Connect with us at SMU's Moody School of Graduate and Advanced Studies to explore how our program can pave the way for your journey into these exciting career realms. Your expertise has the potential to shape industries and redefine success.

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• PhD Careers – What to Do After a PhD

Choosing what to do after your PhD isn’t always easy, particularly when you’re not sure if you want to work in academia. However, that doesn’t mean that there aren’t plenty of career opportunities that come with a PhD – and a good chance it’ll increase your earning potential.

This page contains an overview of some jobs you can do after a PhD. We've covered routes into academia , including postdocs and fellowships , as well as permanent academic positions . We've also expored some non-academic career options for PhD graduates .

To help you make the best decision, we also have guides on PhD employability and earnings , and how you can decide if PhD study is worth it .

We've answered some of the most frequently asked questions about PhDs, covering course types, applications, funding and the benefits of further study.

Will a PhD help you get a job or earn a better salary? And what are your career prospects in and outside of academia?

Everything you need to know about part-time and full-time work as a student or recent graduate in the USA.

Everything you need to know about part-time and full-time work in Germany as a student or recent graduate in Germany.

Academic careers

If you’re completing or applying for a PhD, it’s likely that at some point you’ll consider working in academia. Academia is the career path of researchers who work to advance teaching and research in institutes of education. While most academics are employed by universities, institutes could include government-funded experiments or sites of historical preservation, for example.

The main objective of academia is to produce original research. Though not all academics work in university, this page shall focus mainly on the university progression path.

How much do academics earn?

According to official data produced by HESA, in 2021-22 most full-time academics employed by a university in the UK were salaried between £47,419 to £63,668 . The second largest salary range, with just over 33% of academics falling into, was £35,326 to £47,419.

Average pay, however, will depend on the department. For example, those working in Biological, Mathematical and Physical Sciences are more likely to earn between £34,000-£45,000 . Whereas, surprisingly, in the Humanities, Language Studies and Archaeology a higher percentage of academics were earning above £45,000 . This, however, is likely because the sciences tend to have more job opportunities for early career researchers, thus lowering the average rate of pay.

How to become an academic

To become an academic in the UK it’s increasingly expected that candidates will have a doctoral degree . In order to obtain a doctoral degree at least an upper second-class undergraduate degree will be needed, and usually a Masters as well.

After finishing a PhD there are two different routes that can be taken to achieve a permanent position:

• The first route focuses more on teaching . After completing a PhD, graduates might take up part-time teaching roles. The experience gained will make them more competitive candidates to apply for research or teaching fellowships and permanent lecture positions.
• Alternatively, PhD graduates looking to focus on research might apply for at least one post-doctoral position. Having completed a postdoc, you will then be able to apply for fellowships and lectureships.

Candidates are not always expected to have completed a fellowship to apply for a lectureship. These roles can be obtained after completing a postdoc or teaching experience.

Postdocs and fellowships

Both postdocs (post-doctoral positions) and fellowships are fixed term contracts of research that employ recent PhD graduates. Usually contracts will be between one to four years and applicants will be expected to have completed their PhD no more than five years prior.

The main difference between postdocs and fellowships is the level of responsibility and control granted over a research project.

What is a postdoc?

A postdoc is a temporary funded research position at a university or in industry. Postdocs work under the supervision of a research group or established academic and are considered an employee, unlike PhD students. Some roles will include teaching responsibilities and assistant supervisory roles to students. Responsibilities will also include grant writing, funding applications and administrative duties.

Sometimes postdocs can be referred to as Postdoctoral Research Assistants or Postdoctoral Research Fellows. A postdoc, however, is not the same as a fellowship.

What is a fellowship?

Research fellowships are competitive and prestigious positions. Unlike postdocs, you will be funded to complete your own research project. Some positions will also guarantee a permanent academic role after completion. To successfully achieve a fellowship, you’ll need an interesting and viable research project, a history of academic excellence, and experience in writing successful funding or grant applications.

The other type is a teaching fellowship . These roles are not always for early career academics and will be offered to senior researchers so make sure you check the job description.

Do you need a postdoc or fellowship to work in academia?

Technically you do not need to have completed a postdoc or fellowship to work in academia, but it is becoming increasingly expected.

Employment in academia is more competitive each year as the number of PhDs rewarded is increasing, whereas the available permanent academic positions are not. The experience gained from completing one or more temporary positions can help you increase the competitiveness of your CV, make connections and build a positive reputation within the academic community.

Permanent positions and tenure

If you’re able to demonstrate a high level of skill in research through publications and successful funding applications, then you may be eligible for a permanent position.

Lectureships

Lecturing jobs are an entry level permanent position. Sometimes referred to as Assistant Professors, lecturers are required to teach, conduct independent research and administrative duties.

Usually lecture jobs have a probationary period of three to four years before the job is considered permanent. This period will also require successful completion of various training programmes.

The next level of academic rank is Senior Lecturer or Reader . Traditionally a senior lecturer’s position focuses on teaching whereas a reader will conduct more research. Reader positions, however, are becoming less common. Senior lecturers can also be referred to as Associate Professors, a title which is more commonly used in America.

To qualify for a promotion, you’ll usually be required to provide evidence of significant progression to a panel. Evidence could include publications, grants and contributions to teaching. Though there is no expected time frame, lecturers are often successfully promoted to senior roles after four or five years.

Professorships

Professor is the most senior position in academia. They are expected to have extensively contributed to their research field, usually having multiple published monographs, and to have taken advanced leadership roles within their department.

What is tenure?

Tenure is a form of employment security common in North America that protects lecturers from being fired without proper cause. In the UK, however, academics in permanent roles receive the same employment security offered to every worker, though the details can change depending on the hiring institution.

Non-academic careers

Not all PhD students remain in academia after graduation. Many PhD graduates are able to thrive in industry roles because of the skills gained throughout their degree.

According to the Higher Education Policy Institute (HEPI) just over 70% of PhD holders are no longer working in academia three and a half years after finishing their PhD, so you certainly won’t be in the minority if you decide that this is the best route for you!

You will have developed plenty of transferrable skills and hands-on experience during your PhD. These will serve you well when it comes to finding a job and help distinguish you from Bachelors and Masters graduates.

You’ll find PhD holders in all walks of life. From pharmaceuticals to the public sector, PhD graduates are not short of options. You also don't have to begin your industry career straight after graduation. You could go from academia to industry (or the other way around) at any point in your career.

If you're interested in the type of industry work you may be qualified for, here are some illustrative examples of PhD jobs:

• A PhD in the Arts and Humanities demonstrates excellent written communication, presentation skills, creativity and analytical thinking. You may be suited to work for jobs in the Publishing industry , Digital Marketing or Civil Service .
• A PhD in Biological and Medical Sciences builds specialist subject knowledge, data proficiency and collaborative skills. This will compliment work in industries such as Pharmaceuticals , Genomics or Clinical Care .
• A PhD in Business and Finance will help build organisational and data experience that could benefit careers in Accountancy , Data Science or Consultancy .
• A PhD in Chemical Sciences will provide you with laboratory skills and an advanced understanding of chemistry needed to benefit jobs in Chemical Engineering , Industrial Chemistry and Food Technology .
• A PhD in Earth Sciences could set graduates up for careers in Construction , Environmental Protection or Mineral Surveying , utilising analytical skills and strong subject knowledge.
• PhDs in Engineering have a strong emphasis on project management and practical construction. This could aid jobs in Management Consultancy and Finance as well as more practical fields such as Aeronautics .
• The specialist knowledge gained from a PhD in Law can enable students to comfortably enter industries such as Investment . Additionally, soft skills gained in communication will help in careers such as Teaching or Public Engagement .
• A PhD in Maths and Computing could benefit jobs in Finance , Investment or Web Development , complimenting skills in logic, problem solving and data.
• A PhD in the Physical Sciences demonstrates experience with software and data. This could set graduates up to work in Software Engineering , Data Science or even Sound Engineering .
• A PhD in Social Science and Health requires a deep understanding of human society on a macro or micro level. Graduates may find themselves working in Epidemiology , Public Health or Social Work .

You may be inclined to apply for jobs relating to the subject of your research or previous studies. But a PhD is a versatile enough qualification that you can often look outside your discipline area.

Non-academic PhD graduate jobs in STEM subjects

A PhD in a STEM subject can be used in a broad range of non-academic contexts, from industrial research settings to the public sector. Industry careers for STEM PhD holders could involve intellectual property, regulatory matters, big data, pharmaceuticals or consultancy.

Non-academic PhD graduate jobs in the Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences

If your PhD is in an Arts, Humanities or Social Science (AHSS) discipline, the skills you have to offer differ from STEM PhD holders.

Your aptitudes as a AHSS PhD graduate are likely to be suited for industries where communication skills are necessary. The ability to research and write about complex topics will be in-demand across any number of leading companies and sectors. Also, creative thinking will be highly valued by employers in strategic planning or industries such as marketing.

Making the transition to a non-academic career

You should invest some time during your PhD for personal and professional development (this is true if you want to stay in academia too!).

Even if you attend none of the formal training courses offered by your department, your PhD itself will provide you with many skills. When leaving academia, you'll need to translate your skills so they make sense to the industry and commercial employers. Think outside the box and take stock of what you are good at or have experience in.

Some translation examples include:

• The dissertation shows you're capable of presenting and organising large amounts of information.
• Having published papers shows you can communicate information across a range of formats.
• If you did interviews for your PhD project, you might graduate with skills in questionnaire design, sensitivity and data analysis.

There’s always a way to link your academic experience to the commercial world. Be prepared to do this in any upcoming job interviews.

It’s also a good idea to move away from the long, multiple page academic CV that you might be used to. Employers won’t read them. They also won’t be interested in scanning a lengthy list of articles. Instead, you should mention that you’ve had several publications without detailing every instance.

Want to find out more about PhD careers?

Check out our guide to PhD employability and earnings . Then, head to our course listings to find your perfect PhD opportunity .

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Ten Jobs Where You Can Use Your PhD

By Michelle Lanchart and Stacy Hartman

Earning a PhD provides you with more skills and career opportunities than you might think it does. Below are ten jobs where you can use your PhD—some in academic settings and some not. There are many other opportunities available to you; this list is just a place to start thinking about your career options.*

1. Staff culture writer, digital media company

Staff writers report on artistic and cultural events, providing analysis and context for a broad audience on a variety of topics. As a PhD, you already have the excellent writing and research skills the job requires, and your advanced training in the interpretation of literature, culture, and language enhances your ability to articulate the significance of cultural and artistic phenomena.

2. Dean of students, private high school

A dean of students leads curriculum design, develops academic and behavioral policies, and determines the best strategies to build students’ academic success. The research, leadership, and teaching experience you acquired while earning your PhD makes you a good candidate in this field.

3. Assistant professor, university or college department

An assistant professor teaches undergraduate (and, depending on the institution, graduate) courses, serves on committees that help determine academic and organizational policies for the department and institution, and conducts research, with an eye toward receiving tenure.

4. Research associate, variety of companies

As a research associate you would gather data to determine whether a product or service is desirable to consumers or companies. Your extensive experience conducting research and presenting it to a variety of audiences is a transferable skill that you bring to research associate positions.

5. Development writer, nonprofit or university

A development writer builds relationships with donors and increases public engagement through written and oral communication. Your ability to write about specialized research or technical activities for a general audience is useful for this position.

6. Assistant director, learning programs

Assistant directors have a variety of responsibilities, from providing instructional support to faculty members and graduate students to assessing and improving educational services. This can be an exciting opportunity to apply your teaching and leadership experience beyond the classroom.

7. Associate director, global programs

Associate directors work with faculty members to develop programs and curricula for students studying abroad. Your experiences teaching, developing educational programs, as well as studying, living, and researching abroad, are ideal for this position.

8. Program officer, think tank, foundation, or scholarly association

As a program officer you would take the lead in program development, which involves procuring grants and funding, managing projects, and overseeing budgets. These roles leverage your experience applying for funding and managing complex projects.

9. Copywriter, many companies and organizations

Copywriters produce and edit copy (i.e., writing) for marketing campaigns and then plan and implement those campaigns, which help companies promote products and services across a variety of media. Excellent research and writing skills and an ability to write for different audiences are essential for this job.

10. Curriculum designer, educational technology

Curriculum designers develop educational content and curricula to be delivered digitally to students or employees and often provide technical support to instructors or trainers. This is a great role for those who have developed skills in the digital humanities or in blended learning, and it also leverages your experiences in teaching and in curriculum development.

Your PhD gives you the skills to pursue a variety of career paths. To learn more about how to prepare for the job search and how to gain experience in the industries that interest you, visit the  Connected Academics Web site .

*Please note that the job ads are provided as examples and may no longer be accepting applications. A job ad’s inclusion in this list does not constitute an endorsement of the employer by the MLA.

3 comments on “Ten Jobs Where You Can Use Your PhD”

Steve Colburn says:

And don’t forget Government service at the Municipal, County, State, and Federal Level. I know Language and Literature academics who have pursued rewarding careers at all of these levels of Government service to the public, and have received good financial compensation, enjoyed reliable job security, defined-benefit pension programs, and the opportunity to pursue a challenging, rewarding job! Retired Training Manager and Senior Organizational Policy Analyst for Local County Government in Sunny South Florida! Life Member of the MLA, since Grad School in 1976.

Peter Marbais says:

There are a number of language editing opportunities in addition to copy editing. I made the transition from teaching English literature and composition to editing documents for ESL writers aspiring to publish in English-language journals. My experience helping ESL students at the Kent State University writing center and in my composition courses paved the way to helping researchers from around the world. The work is highly rewarding, and there are a number of great resources available online for both contract editors (freelancers) and full-time editors. This link provides a good overview of several types of editing roles: https://www.thebalancesmb.com/freelance-editing-jobs-1360401 .

Peter Marbais, PhD, ELS Quality Control Editor III American Journal Experts, a Research Square company

David -Ross Gerling says:

I made the transition to a law firm in Spain whose clients are Brits and American ex-pats or just foreigners in trouble with the Spanish legal system. My work as ex-pat advocate is every bit as satisfying and infinitely more lucrative than teaching Spanish . David-Ross Gerling, PhD

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Top 10 Industry Careers for PhD Graduates

I recently completed my PhD in Molecular Biology. Although I thoroughly enjoyed my project and the laboratory environment, I knew academia was not for me. I could not picture myself supervising students and applying for grants, however, I enjoy doing research. For most PhD graduates who do dream about a life in academia, there are not enough academic posts for the increasing number of PhDs graduating each year. Whatever your reason, the question now is: what career choices do you have outside of academia?

Your PhD Skills are Transferable

Before you decide on a career, consider what you enjoyed doing during your PhD and the skills you acquired . How can these skills be applied to jobs outside of academia ? Some examples of transferable skills include:

•  Analyzed and interpreted complex data: data analysis skills .
• Repeated experiments until they worked: problem-solving
• Presented your work at conferences: public speaking
• Wrote a thesis, published papers and/or books or chapters of a book: writing
• Completed a PhD: the ability to complete an enormous project with minimal supervision.
• Planned a conference: event planning .
• Worked with collaborators abroad: you can work with people from diverse backgrounds .

Career Options for STEM PhDs

Figuring out where to apply all your transferable skills can be a daunting task. Your options are never-ending. Here we list some common industry careers for STEM PhD graduates , to give you some ideas:

• Research and development (R&D): This will make use of your methodical approach to research and can be applied to many industries including pharmaceuticals, banking, and fast moving consumer goods (FMCG).
• Market Research Analyst: Research and evaluate commercial opportunities to maximize revenues.
• Medical Communication Specialist: Healthcare organizations need people to write and edit materials for patients, clients, and medical professionals.
• Business Development Manager: Your analytical skills and scientific knowledge can be used to develop new business opportunities and manage existing ones.
• Management Consultant: Use your problem-solving skills to design strategies with a team. The consulting industry is known for training employees, so you can fine tune your skills on the job.
• Competitive Intelligence Analyst: Analyse large sets of data to determine threats and opportunities in the market.
• Product Manager: Manage the life-cycle of a product.
• Quantitative Analyst: Analyze quantitative data, do statistical modeling, and pattern recognition as well as financial research.
• Healthcare Information Technology Specialist: Convert patients’ medical records into an electronic format.
• Medical Science Liaison: Build relationships with key opinion leaders in various therapeutic areas.

Other PhD Career Options

• Entrepreneurship: PhD graduates have all the skills needed to be entrepreneurs. You have identified a problem, researched it, applied for funding, found a solution, and shared it with others about it in your thesis and/or publications.
• Finance: Equity research and quantitative analysis in the financial sector. If you have computer programming skills, this may be a route for you.
• High School Teacher: Teach a subject related to your field of expertise. The school will love the fact that its teachers are highly qualified.
• Writing: Write content or editorials for newspapers, magazines, or blogs. Alternatively, write technical material for pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies.
• Sales: Meet new people and travel while you sell a scientific or technical product for a company.
• Technology transfer: Work in your university’s technology transfer office for all those patentable products the students are developing.
• Law: Use your knowledge to advise patent attorneys or complete a law degree and become a patent attorney.

We hope this has given you some ideas that you can pursue. Please share other non-academic career options with us in the comments section below.

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Top jobs for PhD graduates

Graduating with a PhD is a significant achievement for any student. However, often there are questions about what happens next career and work-wise. We’re here to help with our guide to the top jobs for PhD graduates.

Gaining a PhD degree is the pinnacle of any academic journey. It is the highest level of study you can achieve and means you have uniquely contributed to the body of knowledge for your chosen field. However, what is less spoken about is what happens when you finish a PhD. What options do graduates with a doctoral degree have for work and careers? We’re here to answer a few of these questions and demonstrate that a PhD can be the start of an exciting and fulfilling next chapter.

A career in academia 

A career as a researcher, lecturer or academic is a route often associated with PhD graduates. This is especially true for students who have developed an affinity for the subject they have studied and have a natural ability to teach. Usually, this path will start with a post-doctoral fellowship, research fellow, or junior lecturer position.

What isn’t as well known is that a PhD can qualify you to occupy administrative, governance and management positions at an institution of higher education. This doesn’t necessarily depend on your area of specialisation. However, it is important to verify whether your experience and experience matches a position.

Some of the roles you could fulfil in academia when graduating with a PhD:

• Academic support
• Communications and marketing
• School, department, or faculty management
• Administrative management

A professional career

If you completed a PhD in a professional subject , this could enhance your employability and career progression. In some cases, holding a PhD or equivalent is a prerequisite for being allowed to work professionally. Some examples include psychology and medical specialisations .

Let’s take a closer look at PhD subject areas that can lead to employment in the private, commercial, and professional sectors:

• Engineering
• Mathematics
• Architecture

Obtaining an advanced degree in some of the above subject areas is considered an indication of professional development . Further, in some subjects, such as mathematics or science, you may have flexibility with the sectors in which you would work, from insurance and banking to market research and artificial intelligence.

Your career options can depend on what you have studied, with STEM PhD qualifications often providing greater flexibility and options upon graduation. Some roles you could find yourself working in include:

• Data analyst
• Project manager
• Company director
• Applied researcher
• Technical salesperson
• Clinical researcher
• Communications specialist
• Product manager

A specialist career

Sometimes your PhD could be so specialised and focused that your career path will continue this work. That is to say that there is a correlation between your PhD subject and the position you take up. Some examples of these types of roles are:

• Biomedical engineer
• Computer scientist
• Biophysicist
• Pharmacological researcher
• Psychologist
• Veterinary scientist
• Robotics engineer
• Radiologist
• Neurologist

You may work in varying capacities with some variation to your role, but it will be in a particular area of specialisation. This is especially true of medicine, pharmacy, and certain types of engineering . It’s a good idea to do your research before embarking on a PhD to see what is needed for a role before embarking on a seven-year academic journey.

A career in the public sector 

Another area where you can put your PhD to use career-wise is within the public sector. If you’re unfamiliar with the term ‘public sector’, it is used to refer to anything related to the state and government. It covers all governmental and state services, from education to the military. Governments and their agencies are always looking for suitably qualified individuals to work for them. 

You may choose to use your skills to provide expertise, advice, and insight to assist the functioning of a country. Once again, your chosen subject area may influence where you can work. However, many roles allow for the transferability of skills. Some sectors you could work in include:

• Healthcare 
• International development 
• International relations 
• Transport 
• Energy 
• Finance 

Roles in the public sector can give you the chance to shape policy, drive change and positively impact communities and society. They can be rewarding as a result. 

A career in the charity sector 

Sometimes referred to as the ‘third sector’, the charity and Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) environment is another in which PhD graduates can find exciting and rewarding careers. Many of these organisations do not operate to make a profit and are mission-based. It’s a chance to make a difference, sometimes in environments and locations worldwide.

Naturally, it’s good to match your skills, interests and expertise with an organisation that aligns with these. For example, environmental causes may be close to your heart, or perhaps you’d prefer to work in the humanitarian sphere. The roles available in this sector are many and variable, but some you could potentially fulfil include:

• Medical professional
• Communications and marketing professional

If you are aiming to work in the ‘third sector’, it’s good to understand what organisations and agencies there are. Further, getting to know what organisations operate locally and internationally is important so you can find your best match.

The career options for a PhD graduate are more numerous than you may have expected. You aren’t limited to working at a university or institution. A PhD gives you the choice to find a niche and role that suits your interests. While a PhD is a significant investment in terms of time and money, the rewards can be far greater.

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31 PhD jobs in Germany

Find PhD jobs in Germany here. To have jobs sent to you the day they're posted, sign up for job alerts.

• PhD positions in Jena (4)
• PhD positions in Cologne (4)
• PhD positions in Munich (3)
• PhD positions in Frankfurt (Oder) (3)
• PhD positions in Karlsruhe (2)
• PhD positions in Saarbrücken (2)
• PhD positions in Oldenburg (2)
• PhD positions in Ilmenau (2)
• PhD positions in Konstanz (2)
• PhD positions in Heidelberg (1)

Other countries

• PhD positions in Belgium (181)
• PhD positions in Netherlands (86)
• PhD positions in Sweden (58)
• PhD positions in Switzerland (38)
• PhD positions in Luxembourg (26)
• PhD positions in France (17)
• PhD positions in Finland (15)
• PhD positions in Norway (14)
• PhD positions in Austria (9)
• PhD positions in Spain (4)

Search results (31)

Doctoral research position (f/m/d)

In the Institute of Process Measurement and Sensor Technology at the Technische Universität Ilmenau (Germany) is a vacancy for up to 2 positions asDoctoral research position (f/m/d)for advanced academic training to obtain research skills and acade...

PhD Positions in Cancer Research

Are you looking for excellent research opportunities for your PhD studies at the forefront of cancer research? The German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) in Heidelberg invites international students holding a Master’s degree in (molecular) biology, ...

Upcoming fully funded PhD Positions in Neurosciences and Translational Psychiatry research, including a residency/PhD track option for medical doctors

There are no tuition fees for this PhD program.We welcome applications through our online application portal starting on August 15, 2023 for a start in fall 2024. The application deadline will be on October 31, 2023. The International Max Planck R...

Upcoming PhD Positions at the International Max Planck Research School for Molecules of Life in Autumn 2024

More information for the new call-out will come up during Autumn 2024. Stay tuned!The International Max Planck Research School for Molecules of Life (IMPRS-ML) will have an open call for fully-funded PhD student positions in the areas of biochemis...

Upcoming PhD positions at the CGA

Call for applications for up to 12 PhD positions at the Cologne Graduate School of Ageing Research opens soon! The Cologne Graduate School of Ageing Research (CGA) in Germany is a joint venture of the University of Cologne Excellence Cluster on St...

PhD Students

The CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security is looking for PhD Students in areas related to:Cybersecurity, Privacy and CryptographyMachine Learning and Data ScienceEfficient Algorithms and Foundations of Theoretical Computer ScienceSoftwar...

Three 2-year Postdoctoral Fellowships at the Zukunftskolleg

(Fulltime, E 13 TV-L)Reference No: 2024/114. The preferred start date is April 1st, 2025. Conditionally on the submission of an external grant, the position can be extended for an additional year. In principle, the position can be divided into two...

PhD Position / Research Assistant (f/m/d) Analysis and mitigation of offshore wind farm cluster wakes

ForWind – Center for Wind Energy Research has a vacancy in the research group »Wind Energy Systems« at the Institute of Physics of the Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg starting as soon as possible for aPhD Position / Research Assistant (f/...

PhD Position / Research Assistant (f/m/d) Forecasts of wind ramps at offshore wind farms

Upcoming PhD positions at the IMPRS for Molecular Organ Biology in Autumn 2024

Thanks to all the academics who submitted their application!The application deadline has passed and the selection process started. More information for the new call-out will come up during this Autumn 2024. Stay tuned!PhD Studies in the Heart of E...

Several PhD positions in solid state physics (f/m/x) CRC 1238 (experiment and theory) Wiss2405-30 | CRC 1238 | Control and dynamics of quantum materials | Theoretical Physics and Institute of Physics II

Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Several PhD positions in solid state physics (f/m/x) CRC 1238 (experiment and theory) CRC 1238 | Control and dynamics of quantum materials We are one of ...

Project Manager/PHD Position in Production Management

We specialize in facilitating the digital evolution of businesses towards Industry 4.0 and fostering data-driven circular economies. Our expertise lies in crafting IT ecosystems that streamline and enhance sustainability across all facets of opera...

PhD Student on the topic "Audiovisual scene analysis and cognitive performance for speech perception in multi-person scenarios in eXtended Reality (XR)" (f/m/d)

In the Audiovisual Technology Group, Ilmenau Interactive Immersive Technologies Center (https://www.tu-ilmenau.de/i3tc) at the Technische Universität Ilmenau (Germany) is a vacancy for aPhD Student on the topic "Audiovisual scene analysis and cogn...

12 Doctoral Positions (part-time 60 %, E 13 TV-L )

Reference No. 2024/119. The starting date is October 1st, 2024. The positions are available until September 30th, 2028 (48 months).The University of Konstanz is one of eleven Universities of Excellence in Germany. Since 2007 it has been successful...

There are no tuition fees for this PhD program.We welcome applications through our online application portal starting on August 15, 2024 for a start in fall 2025. The application deadline will be on October 31, 2024. The International Max Planck R...

Doctoral Researcher (m/f/div) in Microbiome Systems Biology

Job AdvertisementLeibniz-HKI-29/2024The Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI) investigates the pathobiology of human-pathogenic fungi and identifies targets for the development of novel natural product-...

PhD students (f/m/d) in Superconducting Qubits

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) – The Research University in the Helmholtz Association creates and imparts knowledge for the society and the environment. It is our goal to make significant contributions to mastering the global challenges o...

Doctoral Researcher (m/f/div) in Automated Processing of Bioimages

Job AdvertisementLeibniz-HKI-16/2024The Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI) investigates the pathobiology of human-pathogenic fungi and identifies targets for the development of novel natural product-...

Doctoral Researcher (m/f/div) in Computational Biology

Job AdvertisementLeibniz-HKI-15/2024The Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI) investigates the pathobiology of human-pathogenic fungi and identifies targets for the development of novel natural product-...

PhD position (m/f/d) for the investigation of structural, optical, and thermal properties of SiGeSn alloys and their heterostructures

Job-ID: 0052/24 | Department: Materials Research | Salary: as per tariff (TV-L) | Working Time: 40h/week with part-time option | Limitation: initially 2 years with option of extension | Starting Date: as soon as possibleIHP is an institute of the ...

PhD Position (m/f/d) in the field of ADC converters

Job-ID: 5066/23 | Department: D-CD | Salary: as per tariff (TV-L) | Working Time: 40h/week (part-time work option) | Limitation: initially 2 years with option of extension for three more years | Starting Date: as soon as possibleIHP is an institut...

2 PhD positions (f/m/x) in Poisson Geometry Wiss2406-04 | Department of Mathematics and Computer Science | Division of Mathematics

Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences 2 PhD positions (f/m/x) in Poisson Geometry Department of Mathematics and Computer Science | Division of Mathematics We are one of the largest and oldest...

14 doctoral researchers (f/m/d) for the DFG-funded Research Training Group 2721: “Hydrogen Isotopes 1,2,3H”

The DFG-funded Research Training Group (RTG) 2721 is a consortium at Leipzig University, the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf / Research Site Leipzig (HZDR/RSL) and the Leibniz Institute for Surface Engineering (IOM). It spans the fields of an...

PhD position (m/f/d) for the electrical properties of graphene for the realization of advanced opto-electronic devices

Job-ID: 0041/24 | Department: Material Research | Salary: as per tariff (TV-L) | Working Time: 40h/week (part-time work option) | Limitation: initially 2 years with option of extension for three more years | Starting Date: as soon as possibleIHP i...

PhD position (f/m/x) in Molecular and Cellular Biology

Institute for Plant Sciences | CEPLASWe are one of the largest and oldest universities in Europe and one of the most important employers in our region. Our broad range of subjects, the dynamic development of our main research areas and our central...

Doctoral Researcher in Bioinformatics for Microbial Life Histories Prediction

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Ph.D Jobs: Jobs, Scope, Careers, Government Jobs

Ahana Bhaduri

Senior Content Specialist

As per All India Survey of Higher Education (AISHE) report from 2019, the number of PhD degrees awarded has increased by 60% in the last five years. The total admission increased from 1,24,451 to 2,02,5520 in 2019-20. It was also revealed that more than 2.02 lakh students enrolled for PhD programs. 

PhD also known as Doctor of Philosophy is one of the highest degrees awarded to a candidate who wants to pursue a career in research related fields. The duration of the course is usually 3 - 6 years. In order to get admission for any  PhD courses , candidates must possess a masters degree in any discipline. However, it is advisable that the candidate must pursue a doctorate according to the course pursued in Masters. 

PhD Admissions  are usually done on the basis of entrance exams such as CSIR UGC NET, IIT JAM, NPAT amongst the top of them. Candidates willing to pursue  PhD in Engineering  courses have to clear the  GATE exam . Candidates can also choose the specialization in which they want to conduct research according to their interest and knowledge.

Post completion of a PhD course, there are many opportunities open to the candidates in both the sectors private as well as government. Candidates can land a high paying job depending on their specialization such as Research Scientist, Associate professor, Economists, Historians, etc. Candidates can expect a starting salary of INR 6 LPA. The highest salary can go up depending upon the experience, knowledge, skills etc. 

Table of Content

• Jobs After Phd

2.1 Private Jobs

2.2 Government Jobs

• Jobs for Phd Freshers

Ph.D Jobs: Specialization wise

4.1 Ph.D Jobs : computer Science

4.2   Ph.D jobs : Chemistry

4.3   Ph.D Jobs: Legal Studies

4.4   Ph.D Jobs : Economics

Ph.D Jobs in India

• Ph.D: Salary

Getting a Doctorate degree within the chosen area of specialization opens many doors for the candidates in terms of job opportunities. Over the period of time, the opportunities have become very vast. PhD graduates decide whether they want to go for a start-up, gain experience and return to academics where their knowledge and skills can be put to use in an excellent way. Tabulated below are some of the top job profiles of Ph.D along with salary package, 

Jobs After Ph.D: Sector Wise

Ph.D. holders are not only employed in the private sector but also the public sector. Post getting a doctorate degree, candidates have multiple areas to explore such as chemical or pharmaceutical companies, oil and gas industry, research industry, NGOs etc. The salary structure also varies in both private as well as government sectors. Discussed below are some of the top job profiles in Private as well as public sector ,

Jobs After Ph.D: Private Jobs

Jobs in the private sector are dependent on the specialization. PHd candidates can get multiple opportunities in the private sector as they are employed in almost all the sectors but their recruitment depends on which area they have their specialization. Some of the top recruiters in the private sector are Deloitte, Infosys, Google, Microsoft , private universities etc. The average salary is around INR 6.20 LPA. Some of the top job profiles are listed below for your reference, 

Jobs After Ph.D: Government Jobs

There are a plethora of opportunities in the government sector for PhD candidates and the salary structure is also high as compared to the private sector. Candidates can be employed in Hindustan Petroleum, GAIL, SAIL, government universities, Defense Research and Development Organizations etc. The average salary of a PhD candidate in the government sector is around INR 6.50 LPA. Tabulated below are some of the top job profiles in India in government sector, 

Jobs After Phd for Freshers

Candidates can be employed even while pursuing Phd or post completing PhD from a respectable college. The job opportunities are very wide and stretched. Candidates after completing PhD can be employed as scientific writer, Assistant Manager, Research Assistant etc. Candidates can also work in research and Development organizations who look for fresh PhD candidates. The salary is comparatively higher in Industrial Research and development. The starting salary of a PhD Candidate is around INR 6.50 LPA. Some of the top job profiles in India are listed below for your reference, 

Jobs for PhD candidates also depend on Specialization in which the candidates have completed their research and doctorate degree. PhD offers many specializations that have different job profiles such as PhD in Management, PhD in Arts, PhD in Engineering, PhD medical, PhD legal studies etc. Let's discuss the job profiles based on specialization, 

Ph.D Computer Science Jobs

PhD in Computer Science is a 3 year doctorate program in computer science and its application. This course studies Research methodology, Data mining, machine learning, rough set theory etc. PhD in computer science have many job opportunities to offer such as software Engineer, Application Developer, Application Analyst and many more. Some of the top profiles in Computer Science are mentioned below,

PhD Chemistry Jobs

PhD Chemistry is a 3 year doctorate program providing detailed academic study and research. This program can be stretched to 6 years. This course will give candidates detailed knowledge about different principles of thermodynamics, advanced levels of organic and inorganic chemistry, etc. Candidates have multiple opportunities to explore such as in chemical research centers, industries, forensic labs, food packaging, processing firms etc. Some of the top PhD Chemistry profiles are tabulated below.

PhD Legal Studies Jobs

PhD in legal Studies is a 3 year doctorate program which can be extended for a period up to 6 years. This course basically involves research and theoretical approach to law in India. They are further classified on the type of law which can be chosen according to the interest of the candidate. This course offers wide opportunities in the private as well as public sector including litigation, Judiciary, lectureship etc. Some of the top profiles are provided below for your reference.

Ph.D Economics Jobs

PhD in Economics is a 3 to 5 year doctorate program that the candidate can pursue after post graduation. The major areas covered in this program are Agricultural economics, Financial economics, business economics, banking economics etc. Some of the top recruiters hiring PhD economics candidates are Bank of India, Bharat petroleum, Goldman sachs, etc. 

Ph.D. offers many job opportunities in India in both the public and private sector. Candidates have multiple opportunities to explore. Most of the PhD candidates go for lectureship or in research and development facilities, litigation, Scientific research etc. Some of the top Profiles are discussed below for your reference, 

Ph.D Jobs: Salary

According to Glassdoor, the average salary of a PhD candidate is around INR 6.80 L. The Starting salary is around INR 6 LPA while the highest can go up to INR 30 LPA. The salary also depends on the area of specialization which might vary as some of the most high paying Phd are legal, Economics, biotechnology, etc. Some of the top profiles are mentioned below for your reference.

Ph.D Jobs: FAQs

Ques. What is Ph.D?

Ans.  A Ph.D is a doctoral research degree that might take 4-5 years to complete and is awarded to those candidates who have conducted successful research in their field. This is referred to as the highest academic degree.

Ques. What are the career prospects of Ph.D ?

Ans.  There are career options after Ph.D:

• Associate Professor
• Guest Lecturer
• Assistant Researcher

Ques. What are the skills required to become a Ph.D. graduate?

Ans.  The skills required to become a Ph.D. graduate are:

• Attention to detail
• Self-management 
• Analysis and problem-solving
• Information Management

Ques. Who are the top recruiters for Ph.D graduates?

Ans.  Some of the top recruiters for Ph.D graduates are:

• Colleges/Universities
• Research institutes
• Inter-school
• Government Jobs

Ques. Is there any internship required to become a Professor?

Ans.  No, there is no internship required to become a Professor. 

Ques. Can a student with Ph.D. in Economics become an IAS Officer ?

Ans.  Yes, students from any background can aspire to become an IAS Officer irrespective of their stream. 

Ques. Can one pursue Ph.D from distance learning?

Ans.  Yes almost every college in India provides Ph.D from distance learning.

Ques. What is the highest salary of a Ph.D. graduate?

Ans.  The highest salary of a Ph.D. graduate can be around INR 24-26 LPA.

Ques. What do professors do?

Ans.  A professor is responsible for:

• Teaching college/university students
• Disseminating study material
• Guiding students through their project work
• Conducting research work

Ques. What is the highest salary of a Researcher?

Ans.  The highest salary of a Researcher in India is around INR 20 LPA. 

Ph.D. : 43 answered questions

Ques. are master's degrees from ignou acceptable for admission into ph.d courses in top universities.

● Top Answer By Anumita Mukharjee on 28 Apr 22

Ques. Is a Phd from IGNOU worth it/valuable?

● Top Answer By Srabani Guha on 24 Jul 23

Ques. How is the Direct PhD program of IIT Madras?

● Top Answer By Arati Sinha on 29 Mar 23

Ques. What is the value of a Ph.D. degree from IIT Bombay?

● Top Answer By Karuna Nair on 13 Mar 23

Ques. Why do some students in IIT Bombay leave high-paying jobs and join grad schools for PhD?

● Top Answer By Advait Joshi on 23 Mar 23

Ques. What is the placement scenario after PhD in IIT Bombay?

● Top Answer By Advait Joshi on 17 Mar 23

Ques. Is a PhD from IGNOU valid?

● Top Answer By Pankaj Kumar on 18 Oct 22

Ques. What is the placement record of MSc applied statistics students of IIT Bombay?

● Top Answer By Poornima Sahoo on 18 Mar 23

Ques. How difficult is it to get a PhD from IISc Bangalore?

● Top Answer By Bidita Ghose on 14 Jul 23

Ques. Which would be better, IIT Delhi or an average US university for a PhD?

● Top Answer By Aditi Banerjee on 03 Apr 23

Ph.D. (Chemistry)

Ph.d. (physics), ph.d. (mathematics), ph.d. (biotechnology), ph.d. (zoology), ph.d. (psychology), ph.d. (business management), ph.d. (management studies), master of science [ms], ph.d. (computer science), ph.d. colleges in india.

IIMV - Indian Institute of Management

Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research - [PGIMER]

IIM Jammu Indian Institute of Management

PSG Institute of Management - [PSGIM]

Krea University

Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management - [IISWBM]

Bharathidasan Institute of Management - [BIM]

School of Planning and Architecture - [SPA]

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At least 35 of America’s billionaires are PhDs. As academic jobs become scarce, doctorates should get down to business

Samantha Dewalt is managing director of the Lehigh@NasdaqCenter, an exclusive education-industry partnership between Lehigh University in Pennsylvania and the Nasdaq Entrepreneurial Center in San Francisco .

Traditionally, a doctoral degree is regarded almost exclusively as a passport to scholarly distinction and academic tenure. Any person who committed the time, energy, and expense to attain a PhD appeared inevitably destined for the academy, free to pursue knowledge without commercial intent.

So goes the standard rationale—and training—for a doctorate. Candidates are groomed for careers in academia, where they will research, teach, and publish. That tradition, though well-intentioned, is overdue for a drastic expansion.

Saving research from ‘the valley of death’

Such an expansion has already begun. In December, the National Science Foundation awarded $100 million to 18 academic institutions all across the U.S. to “speed and scale research into products and services that benefit the nation.” The first-ever Accelerating Research Translation awards are designed to enable university scholars to convert academic innovation into commercial value and societal purpose. Each school awarded will partner with a mentoring institution of higher education already equipped with “a robust ecosystem for translational research.”

Lehigh University is among the recipients of the abovementioned National Science Foundation awards, with Carnegie Mellon University acting as its peer mentor. The $6 million award will be earmarked specifically to increase the translation of scientific discoveries in engineering, science, health, humanities, business, education, and other disciplines—by faculty, graduate students and postdoctoral researchers into prototypes, products, and programs that will benefit society.

Meanwhile, as the supply of jobs in academia struggles to keep up with the demand, more PhDs are turning to careers in industry. In 2020, The Princeton Review warned, “If it’s your ambition to become a professor, you should be aware that the PhD. track is no guarantee of a life in  academia .” As such, candidates will need to be prepared differently. 

Make no mistake: Some college graduates bearing PhDs have proven highly enterprising. It is estimated that the private sector now employs about as many PhD graduates as educational institutions.

Most research finds that between one-third and one-half of all PhD graduates globally stay in academia , while others may migrate to the private sector. Almost daily, some entrepreneurial PhDs launch new ventures that eventually hit the jackpot. Indeed, Forbes  has reported that “at least” 35 U.S. billionaires obtained a PhD before plunging into business.

But let’s face it: Academics are rarely trained to be entrepreneurs. They typically focus on conducting research, publishing manuscripts, and at times, developing intellectual property, but without cultivating the business knowledge or resources to turn innovations into viable market solutions. And it’s a shame when university research languishes on the shelf, never reaching the market—the so-called “valley of death”.

How America’s top universities are doing it

Universities are amping up efforts to educate PhD students about how to better capitalize on a doctoral degree. At Lehigh University, we have conducted a competitive analysis of what other higher education institutions, particularly those highly regarded for entrepreneurial activity, are doing to engage PhD students in entrepreneurial courses and programs. Among the schools we studied were Harvard, Stanford, MIT, Princeton, Dartmouth, and UC Berkeley. Overall, our analysis identified a need—and opportunity—to transform PhD education.

More particularly, we found that although most of these top-tier universities offer entrepreneurship education for graduate and undergraduate students alike, few target PhD students. We also learned that because most of the graduate courses in entrepreneurship originate in business or engineering schools, few are truly interdisciplinary. We also found that PhD students are more likely to participate in entrepreneurial activity if they have faculty advisors who are themselves entrepreneurs or at least entrepreneurial-minded.

Stanford University particularly stands out as an exemplary entrepreneurial environment for students. It benefits from education-industry partnerships that provide access to the most innovative companies in Silicon Valley. UC Berkeley distinguishes itself, too, for its emphasis on interdisciplinary entrepreneurial development and close collaboration with nearby startup incubators.

Dartmouth College pioneered the first engineering   PhD innovation program  that provides entrepreneurial training to turn research discoveries into market solutions. The PhD fellows take additional coursework in business, innovation, and entrepreneurship, and spend up to six months at an industry internship. 

Entrepreneurship education should be democratized. Other universities should follow the examples set by the top-tiers. All students—even those on a budget—should have access to the equivalent of an Ivy League experience.

Our university is taking a step in this new direction, to better expose our PhD students to entrepreneurial experiences and career pathways. Last fall, we introduced a hands-on, real-world, interdisciplinary course on entrepreneurship for PhD students. Built on a model designed by the National Science Foundation, the course is offered for credit and available to graduate students across disciplines through Lehigh@NasdaqCenter, partnering with the P.C. Rossin College of Engineering and Lehigh’s Office of Technology Transfer. 

It’s time for doctorates to get down to business. More PhDs should treat the ideas that emerge from scholarship as entrepreneurial opportunities. But first, they must know how to harness all that valuable education in the service of both our society and our economy.

More must-read commentary published by  Fortune :

• Booz Allen Hamilton CEO : America needs a whole-of-nation approach in its great power competition with China
• NYC comptroller:  Food delivery apps  are blaming minimum pay for inflation. It’s baloney
• Big Tech employees  missed out on $5.1 billion in 401(k) gains  over the last decade because of fossil fuels, new research finds
• ‘As quick as 5 minutes in California or as grueling as 11 hours in Texas’: Research reveals  new post-Dobbs map of abortion access driving times

The opinions expressed in Fortune.com commentary pieces are solely the views of their authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions and beliefs of  Fortune .

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Portugal may have cracked down on golden visas after a housing crunch—but repeat visitors who stay at an Airbnb are still very welcome

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Foreigners are granted a visit visa to search for a job without requiring a host/sponsor in the country, for one trip. You can apply for a job-seeker visa with a validity of either 60, 90 or 120 days. Read about the eligibility criteria and the steps to apply. 

Foreigners are granted a visit visa to search for a job without requiring a host/sponsor in the country, for one trip. You can apply for a job-seeker visa with a validity of either 60, 90 or 120 days. 

Eligibility for a jobseeker visa

To get a visit visa for the purpose of exploring job opportunities, the applicant must fulfil the following conditions:

• in the first, second or third skill level as per the Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratisation (MOHRE) p rofessional levels of jobs ,  or
• a graduate from the best 500 universities in the world according to the classification approved by the Ministry of Education and must have graduated within the last 2 years.
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