nigeria case study internet geography

The location and importance of Nigeria

Nigeria is a former colony of the UK that can be found in West Africa.  It is growing rapidly as a country both economically and in terms of population . Many people around the globe think that Nigeria could be Africa’s global superpower if it can overcome the many problems that limit its development.  It already has the continent’s biggest economy, a huge military budget and is active in the West African and African continent.

By 2040 predictions are that; • Nigeria will be the fourth most populous country in the world after India, China and the United States with population projected to grow from 170 million to 320 million by 2040. • Gross domestic product (GDP) is projected to grow from $525-billion in 2014 to $4.2-trillion by 2040.

Nigeria is rich in oil , and this makes 75 per cent of government money, but the rapid economic growth (over 7 per cent per year since 2009) is found mostly in the non-oil sector (according to the IMF). Nigeria is making increasing amounts of money from manufacturing (making things) and services .

However, despite this wealth Nigeria has a quarter of Africa’s extreme poor people. In addition, more than 100 women die every day from complications during pregnancy and childbirth. Over 2,000 children under 5 die every day from preventable diseases and 8.5 million children do not go to school (the most of any country in the world).

Political links

Nigeria has many political and economic links around the world and has moved on from its days as a Commonwealth country occupied by the UK (it gained independence in 1960).  Its main trading partners include the European Union (EU), the United States, India, Brazil, and China.  Nigeria is also an active member of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and is also part of the African Union . Nigeria has also stepped up its involvement in international affairs, the country ranks as the fifth largest contributor to UN peacekeeping missions (United Nations 2014) and has a non-permanent seat on the UN Security Council for 2014-15.

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Nigeria - Case Study

• Development Economic change
• Created by: ilansiva30
• Created on: 18-02-18 14:39

Where is Nigeria?

- Central-western African country , with a south-facing coastline and tropical climate, bordering Cameroon, Benin, Chad, and Niger.

-  It has a tropical climate with rainy and dry seasons in different parts of the country. 

Newly Emerging Economy

Definition : Countries that have begun to experience high rates of economic development, usually along with rapid industrialization 

-          Experiencing a period of rapid economic growth. Nigeria has the 21st largest economy in the world.

  Why is Nigeria's economy developing? 

- Rapid advances in technology  - information technology is beginning to drive the country rather than oil  - there is a greater concern for the environment  - investment in science and technology training  - increased use of telecommunications - Nigeria is able to benefit from global finance and trade. 

Global Importance of Nigeria

Nigeria is a Newly – Emerging Economy (NEE).  

-  One of the countries that experience rapid economic development.  

-  2014 – World's 21t largest economy. 

-  2050 – In top twenty (Expectation). 

-  Nigeria is predicted to have the world's highest average GDP growth for 2010-15.  

-  Nigeria supplies 2.7% of the world's oil – 12 th  largest producer.  

-  Based on oil. 

 - Very diverse economy – media, telecommunications and financial services.  

-   Politics: Nigeria is the 5 th  largest contributor to UN peacekeeping force ar ound the world.  

Nigeria's importance in Africa

Nigeria has one of the fastest growing economies in Africa. In 2014 it had the highest GDP in the continent and the third largest manufacturing sector. With a population of more than 182 million people, it has the largest population of any African Country. It has the highest farm output In Africa. 70% are employed in agriculture.  

Food crops: Yams, cassava, sorghum, and millet. 

Nigeria has over 19 million cattle, the largest number in Africa. Nigeria could lead the way in Africa's future development. Despite its problems with internal corruption and lack of infrastructure, the country has great potential. Barack Obama said Nigeria is:

 "Critical to the rest of the continent and if Nigeria does not get it right, Africa will really not make progress.” 

Nigeira's Political and social context

Political: 

Became independent from the UK in 1960, had difficulties and civil wars until 1999, since then it has been stable, and has investment China, USA, and South Africa as a result.

            - An ethnically diverse multifaith country.

           - Yoruba – 21%

           - Hausa  and the Fulani – 29%

           - Igbo – 18%

           + Many other small groups.                            

           - Christianity, Islam and traditional African religions – practiced widely.

          - Some social disharmony has arisen more recently in contrasting part of the country, which has negatively impacted foreign investment confidence.

Regional and Environmental Aspects

Regional Variations:

60% of children attend secondary school in urban areas, but only 36% in rural areas, encouraging rural-urban migration. GDP per person also varies greatly across the country.

Environment:

Contrasting tropical climates from hot and wet in the south - leading to tropical rainforests, through savannah and eventually semi-desert in the far north as ra infall reduces.

Nigeria - Wider world links

Member of: AU (African Union) – Economic planning and peacekeeping group. Nigeria is in alliance with Niger, Chad, Benin, and Cameroon to provide troops.

 OPEC (Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries) – Aims to stabilize the price of oil and to ensure a regular supply.

 The UN – In 2013, Nigeria contributed the 5 th largest no of troops to the UN peacekeeping force.

The Head of ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) – Trading group made up of countries of West Africa – Headquarters in Abuja 

Nigeria’s Global Trading Relationships

Nigeria’s main exports are crude and refined petroleum, natural gas, rubber, cocoa, and cotton. Main imports are refined petroleum from the EU and the USA, cars from Brazil from Brazil and the USA, telephones, rice, and wheat.

Fast growing imports – Telephones from China, it ranks 7 th in the world (UK – 16 th )

Mini Case Study:

Crude Oil – Crude oil dominates Nigeria’s exports. Until 2013, the USA was Nigeria’s biggest customer. Nigeria’s oil is described as ‘sweet oil’ – oil with less than 42% sulfur. It is higher quality than oil from the Middle East, and suitable for refining into gasoline (fuel). Until recently the greatest demand from the USA, however, with the recent development of shale oil in the USA, demand for Nigerian oil has fallen. India is now the biggest customer. Between 2013 and 2014 exports of crude oil to India, China, Japan, and South Korea have increased by 40%. 

Growing manufacturing sector

Regular paid work raises local spending and creates more tax revenue, allows reinvestment in infrastructure which attracts foreign investment and growth

Transnational Corporations - large global companies - 40 operate in Nigeria; Unilever and Shell are two major ones.

TNC advantages

Employment opportunities, investment in infrastructure, valuable export income earned, increased local spending.

TNC disadvantages

Sometimes poorly paid, much profit goes abroad, limited number employed, grants could have been invested in Nigeria businesses.

Types of Aid

Assisting with emergency (short term) and developmental (long term) support.

Aid in Nigeria

Received 4% of all aid entering Africa. Mainly spent of health, and then infrastructure. Some corruption issues have reduced the effectiveness of aid reaching intended destination.

Environmental Impact of economic growth

Industrial growth has lead to widespread air and water pollution in cities, deforestation, and desertification. Urban growth has to lead to huge slums - home to millions in polluted cities. Mining and oil extraction has led to huge scale environmental damage.

Quality and the Inequality

Quality of life

Nigerians are experiencing a steady rise in quality of life (contentedness) as shown by the HDI improving constantly since 2000.

Inequality in Nigeria

Despite economic growth, the inequalities are very contrasting with tens of millions still in poverty. Corruption, social disharmony as well as a suffering environment all play a part.

Nigeria - A Newly Emerging Economy

Welcome 

This resource contains a set of 12 cards to help students with the new Geography Specification. 

This whole resource is from various sources. 

Need more help?

http://www.flashcardbook.com/search?query=Nigeria+case+study

http://www.oakwoodacademy.org.uk/uploads/images/file/Nigeria.pdf

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Nigeria Case study- Geography- NEE- Environmental Challenges

Subject: Geography

Age range: 16+

Resource type: Lesson (complete)

Last updated

26 May 2023

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Geography Lesson- Links to AQA spec- Paper 2- Changing Economic World- NEE Case study- Nigeria. Topics in this lesson: economic growth and environmental impacts, rapid urbanisation. Differentiated tasks: mindmaps, images, key terms, fill in the gaps, extended writing and exam practice.

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GCSE Geography- Nigeria Case Study- Changing Economic World and Development

Geography AQA Paper 2- The Changing Economic World. Nigeria Case study. Includes: Location, key terms, economic development, TNCs- Shell, environmental challenges and opportunities. Please ask questions- there are videos, images, differentiated tasks, exam practice questions that have peer marking opportunities and homework tasks embedded. Very detailed lessons with many tasks and opportunities for teaching- can be split into two lessons per one lesson to support lower ability and shorter classes, or to stretch out the scheme of learning- some of these lessons require two sessions to teach. Perfect bunch of lessons to use for Year 11 revision as well as teaching new to other GCSE classes.

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What is Nigeria’s wider context?

What is Nigeria’s wider context?  

Political  .

European colonial powers drew up the political map of Africa in 1883. The continent was exploited for natural resources and slavery for many years.  

Following its independence from the UK in 1960, Nigeria experienced political instability for several years due to different factions fighting for control. As a result, civil war ravaged the country between 1967 to 1970.  

In 1991 the capital moved from Lagos to the newly built city of Abuja. The country, regarded as stable since 1999, experienced free and fair elections in 2011 and 2015. The increased confidence in the country has led to considerable economic investment, particularly from China, the USA and South Africa.  

Social  

The population of Nigeria is multi-cultural and multi-faith. It is a land of over 500 languages and hundreds of ethnic groups, such as the Hausa, Yoruba and Igbo.

Although social diversity is a considerable strength of Nigeria, it has led to some regional conflicts. The fundamentalist group Boko Haram has hindered economic development through conflict.  

Cultural  

Nigeria has a rich and varied culture due to its social diversity. Its film, music and literary sectors are thriving. Nigeria has experienced success within Africa by winning the African Cup of Nations three times.  

Nigeria has the second-largest film industry in the world, ahead of the United States and behind India. Nigerian cinema is known as “Nollywood”.  

Filming a Nollywood movie

Environmental  

Nigeria spans several climatic regions. It experiences a tropical climate to the south, whereas, toward the north, it is much drier.  

Rainforest thrives in the equatorial climate in southern Nigeria. Tree crops in this area include cocoa, palm oil and rubber.  

Lekki conservation centre Lagos

To the north, savanna grassland replaces the rainforest. A range of field crops is typical here, including cotton and millet. Cattle also graze the savanna.  

Semi-desert exists  in the very north of Nigeria. The nomadic grazing of cattle is the primary type of agriculture in the region.

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